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Free Physics notes, revision questions, KCSE past Papers, Exams, Marking Schemes, Topical revision materials, Syllabus and Many more

Physics is one of the subjects offered at Kenyan high schools. It is classified as a Science and tested at the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, KCSE. It falls in the same category as Biology and Chemistry; the other sciences. Physics, just like Biology and Chemistry.

There a number of resources that can be of great help to teachers and students; more so those preparing to sit the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, KCSE, examinations. In this post be sure to find a good number of such resources as: Notes, KCSE Past Papers, Schemes of Work, Assignments, Termly examination papers, Marking schemes, lesson plans, charts, topical revision resources and many more. Download the resources at no charge by clicking each of the links below. Please note that you can also print and even share this article to benefit someone.

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KCSE Business Studies Exam Papers

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Form 2 Biology Exams and Marking Schemes Free

 

NAME :……………………………………………………ADM NO……………….

CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE………………………….DATE:………………….

 

BIOLOGY

FORM II

TIME: 2 HOURS

 

JOINT EVALUATION EXAMINATION

TERM 3

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

  • Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
  • Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided
  • All working must be clearly shown where necessary
  • Students should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing

 

 

This paper consists of9 printed pages:

NB: Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the printed pages are printed as indicated and no question is missing.

 

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1-19 80  

 

 

 

 

 

  1. State the use of each of the following. (3mks)
  2. Ribosomes ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
  3. Mitochondria ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
  4. Lysosome …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
  5. A ‘dolf’ is an offspring between a wolf and a dog. This animal is infertile. Give a reason for this.                                                 (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. a) What is a hypotonic solution?             (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. b) Explain the changes that will be observed if a drop of human blood is added to this solution. (3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. c) State four importance of osmosis to plants.             (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  1. Give two main branches of Biology.             (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. A certain animal has no incisors and no canine but has six premolars and 6 molars in the upper jaw. In the lower jaw there are 6 incisors, 2 canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars.
  2. What is the dental formula of the animal?       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Calculate the total number of teeth.       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Giving reasons, state the mode of feeding.       (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. State and explain three environmental factors that affect transpiration. (6mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

 

 

  1. A man is of group A+.
  2. What type of antigen does his blood have?       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. What types of antibodies are present in his blood?       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Which blood groups can he receive blood from?       (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. (a) How is the mitochondrion adapted to its function?             (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) In which part of the mitochondrion does aerobic respiration take place?                      (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. State four structural differences between arteries and veins.                         (4mks)
Arteries Veins
   
   
   
   
   
   

 

 

 

 

 

  1. State three characteristics of a respiratory surface.             (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  1. The diagram below illustrates the structure of a gill from a bonny fish.
  2. Name the structures labelled A, B and C and give their functions.       (6mks)

A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. How is structure labeled C adapted to its function?       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

 

  1. State the functions of the following parts of a microscope. (3mks)
  2. Diaphragm ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
  3. Condenser ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
  4. Fine adjustment knob

………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  1. The diagram below represents a transverse section of a part of a young plant and seen under light microscope.

 

  1. From which part of the plant was the specimen obtained?       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Name the parts labelled J,P and M.       (3mks)

J……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

P…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

M……………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  1. Name the functions of the part labelled M.       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

 

  1. State three factors that determine the amount of energy a human requires in a day. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. State two defects of circulatory system.             (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. b) State three adaptations of erythrocytes to their functions. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. A jet aeroplane is able to move and oxidise fuel to carbon (IV) oxide and water yet it is not classified as a living thing. List other characteristics of living things not shown by a jet aeroplane.                                     (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Outline three applications of anaerobic respiration.                         (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

  1. Define the following terms.             (3mks)
  2. Excretion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  3. Secretion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
  4. Homeostasis …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 

  1. The diagram below illustrates a nephron from a mammalian kidney.

 

 

 

  1. Name the parts labelled A, B,C and D.       (4mks)

A…………………………………………………………………………………………………

B…………………………………………………………………………………………………

C…………………………………………………………………………………………………

D…………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Name the process represented by arrows. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Name three substances that are completely reabsorbed in the part labelled W in a normal human being.                   (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Name the component of blood that do not enter the renal tubule in mammals. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 

  1. How does the part labelled C of a camel compare with that of a hippo?       (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

_______________________________________________________________

BIOLOGY FORM 2 MARKING SCHEME

  1. State the use of each of the following.            (3mks)
  2. Ribosomes – site for protein synthesis
  3. Mitochondria – site for respiration in a cell
  4. Lysosome – contains lytic enzymes that destroys worn out cells/cell organels
  5. A ‘dolf’ is an offspring between a wolf and a dog. This animal is infertile. Give a reason for this.                                                 (1mk)

Because the wolf and the dog do not belong to the same species hence they give rise to infertile offsprings.

  1. a) What is a hypotonic solution?             (1mk)

solution having less solutes than solvent molecules compared to cell sap.

  1. b) Explain the changes that will be observed if a drop of human blood is added to this solution. (3mks)

The RBC will be hypertonic to the solution. Water molecules from solution will move into RBC by osmosis. The cell swell, enlarge and burst since they lack cell wall.

  1. c) State four importance of osmosis to plants.                         (3mks)
  • Helps in the opening and closing of the stomata.
  • Aid in uptake of water by root hairs from the soil .
  • Facilitates feeding in insectivorous plants.
  • Enhances turgidity of cells in herbaceous plants giving them support.
  • Assist in movement of water from cell to cell
  1. Give two main branches of Biology.             (2mks)
  • Botany
  • zoology
  1. A certain animal has no incisors and no canine but has six premolars and 6 molars in the upper jaw. In the lower jaw there are 6 incisors, 2 canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars.
  2. What is the dental formula of the animal?       (1mk)

i  c   pm    m 

  1. Calculate the total number of teeth.       (1mk)

32

  1. Giving reasons, state the mode of feeding.       (2mks)

Herbivorous/herbivory, they lack upper incisors and canines

  1. State and explain three environmental factors that affect transpiration.             (6mks)
  • Humidity – at high humidity, the rate of transpiration is low while at low humidity the transpiration rate is high
  • Wind – transpiration rate is higher during a windy day because of increased evaporation on leaf surface.
  • Temperature – at high temperature, transpiration rate is high while at low temperature the transpiration rate is low
  1. A man is of group A+.
  2. What type of antigen does his blood have?       (1mk)
  • Antigen A, rhesussfactor
  1. What types of antibodies are present in his blood?       (1mk)
  • Antibody b
  1. Which blood groups can he receive blood from?                   (2mks)
  • A+ and O+
  1. (a) How is the mitochondrion adapted to its function?             (2mks)
  • Has cristae which provide large surface area for attachment of respiratory enzymes.
  • Has matrix which contains numerous respiratory enzymes

(b) In which part of the mitochondrion does aerobic respiration take place?                      (1mk)

  • Matrix
  1. State four structural differences between arteries and veins.                         (4mks)
Arteries Veins
·       Have narrow lumen ·       Have a wide lumen
·       Lack valves except at the base of the aorta and pulmonary artery ·       Have valves at intervals
·       Have thick elastic walls ·       Have thin and less elastic walls

 

  1. State three characteristics of a respiratory surface.             (3mks)
  • Thin epithelium for rapid diffusion of respiratorygases
  • Large surface area for rapid diffusion of respiratory gases
  • Moist surface for respiratory gases to dissolve
  • Well vascularised to transportrespiratory gases

 

  1. The diagram below illustrates the structure of a gill from a bonny fish.

 

  1. Name the structures labelled A, B and C and give their functions.       (6mks)

A: Gill bar – hold gill filament and rakers in position

B: Gill rakes – protect delicate gill filament from damage

C: Gill filament site for gaseous exchange

  1. How is structure labeled C adapted to its function?       (1mk)
  • Numerous providing large surface area for gaseous exchange.
  • Have thin epithelium lining thus reducing distance over which gases diffuse
  • Have rich supply of blood vessels to transport respiratory gases/ create a steep diffusion gradient

 

  1. State the functions of the following parts of a microscope.             (3mks)
  2. Diaphragmit regulates the amount of light passing through the condenser to the specimen
  3. Condenser concentrates light rays into state to illuminate the specimen on stage
  4. Fine adjustment knob

Raises and lowers body tube over short distance to bring image into shaper focus.

 

  1. The diagram below represents a transverse section of a part of a young plant and seen under light microscope.
  2. From which part of the plant was the specimen obtained?       (1mk)
  • (Dicotyledonous )stem
  1. Name the parts labelled J,P and M.       (3mks)

J: Epidermis

P: cambium

M: xylem

 

  1. Name the functions of the part labelled M.       (1mk)
  • Transports water and mineral salts.
  1. State three factors that determine the amount of energy a human requires in a day. (3mks)
  • Basal metabolic rate
  • Sex
  • Age
  • Occupation
  • Body size
  1. State two defects of circulatory system.             (2mks)
  • Varicose veins
  • Hypertension
  • Thrombosis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  1. b) State three adaptations of erythrocytes to their functions.             (3mks)
  • Have biconcave shape that crates a large surface area for diffusion of gases
  • Contains haemoglobin which readily combines with oxygen
  • Lack nucleus which creates more space for packaging of haemoglobin
  • Numerous to offer a large surface area for diffusion of gases.
  • Thin for the respiratory gases to take short distance in movement by difussion
  1. A jet aeroplane is able to move and oxidise fuel to carbon (IV) oxide and water yet it is not classified as a living thing. List other characteristics of living things not shown by a jet aeroplane.                                     (3mks)
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Irritability
  • Feeding
  1. Outline three applications of anaerobic respiration.                         (3mks)
  • Manufacturing of organic acids
  • Sewage treatment
  • Making of silage
  • Production of biogas
  • Baking industry
  • Brewing industry
  1. Define the following terms.             (3mks)
  2. Excretion:removal of metabolic waste products from the body of an organism
  3. Secretion:production of substances from cells which are useful to the body
  4. Homeostasis:it is maintenance of constant internal conditions despite fluctuations in the external environment
  5. The diagram below illustrates a nephron from a mammalian kidney.

 

  1. Name the parts labelled A, B,C and D.       (4mks)

A: bowman’s capsule

B: glomerulus filtrate

C: loop of henle

D: collecting duct

  1. Name the process represented by arrows. (1mk)

Ultrafiltration

  1. Name three substances that are completely reabsorbed in the part labelled W in a normal human being.                   (3mks)
  • Amino acids
  • Vitamins
  • glucose
  1. Name the components of blood that do not enter the renal tubule in mammals. (1mk)
  • Blood cells
  • Plasma proteins
  1. How does the part labelled C of a camel compare with that of a hippo?       (2mks)
  • it is long and penetrates deep in medulla while in a hippo it is short and confined to the cortex

 

 

FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION REVISION TOOL KIT FOR FORM FOUR

FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION REVISION TOOL KIT FOR FORM FOUR 

NAME……………… ADM. NO: …………………..CLASS…………….

Instructions

1. Using this handout together with class notes and available text books, make distilled notes on each of the compositions. Learning points in your distilled notes should be the format, basic content and l anguage. Sketch of each composition can be drawn as part of your mind maps.

2. In a different book, write each of the composition during the session you will be at home for any school break before end of July.

3. Ensure each composition is discussed and/or marked before closing day in August.

4. Ensure the right use of language, be neat, fluent and use simple language with apt tone.

Composition (year tested) Sample Question for guide in interpreting content Major learning point expectations used in awarding of scores during marking
1 2 Shopping list Imagine that your sibling is to join form one next month. You have to help in the planning for her shopping. The shopping to be made is to have: toilet paper, utensils, soap, bedding, stationery and sanitary material. Write the shopping list. Format and content  to have:
·    Title to have the owner’s name, the phrase ‘shopping list’, the event for which the shopping is being done and the date for shopping
DAU’S SHOPPING LIST FOR JOINING FORM ONE ON 17TH JULY 2020
·    Body- in table form with items under categories as hinted at in the question.
·    The content to have a table that is fully filled having the following column headers:
a) serial number- number of categories, b) Category- list categories with the most important category numbered first, c) items- column for list of items starting with the most important item in each category, d) quantity- column to quantify each item using apt units of measurement, e)description- column for brief description of each item (of opinion, size, shape, age, colour, originality, material, purpose), f) price- column showing the costing of each item in Kenyan Shillings or dollars and
g) Shop- column for the shop you expect to get the packed
No Category Item Quantity Description Price Shop
1 Clothing Shirt 2 pairs White @Ksh. 450 Wahu’s shop
Trouser 3 pairs Navy blue @Ksh. 700 Kilombelo’s shop
·    Language is brief and in note form.
2 1 Packing list. Imagine you are one of the members of prefect’s council. You are to go for a students’ retreat at Soya Palace. Your teacher has asked you to pack some items for your use during the trip. Write the packing list that you will take to your teacher for approval before packing. Format and content to have:
·    Title to have the owner’s name, the phrase ‘packing list’, the event for which the packing is being done and the date for writing
·    Body- in table form with categories as per the question
·    The content to have a table with columns with the following headers: a) serial number- number of categories, b) Category- list categories with the most important category numbered first, c) items- column for list of items starting with the most important item in each category, d) quantity- column to quantify each item using apt units of measurement, e) description- column for brief description of each item being packed. Table is same to shopping list but without price and shop.
·    The language is in note firm and in table format
3 1 Inventory Imagine you came back to Tumtum Academy from home last week. You brought stationary, clothing, bedding and sanitary material. Write the inventory you had kept by the end of week the first week. Your items should not be more than fifteen. Format and content to have:
·    Title to have owner’s name, phrase ‘inventory’ and the date of last modification.
TUMTUM ACADEMY.
LANDO’S SCHOOL INVENTORY AS ON 17TH JUNE 2020.
·    Body- to have basic rubrics in the question included under categories
·    Serial number- column with number for each category
·    Category- column with list of the categories
·    Date in- column for the date the item was entered
·    Item- column for names of items
·    Quantity- column for the quantity of each item
·    Description- column for the description (opinion/ condition, size, shape, age colour, originality, material, purpose)
·    Price/Value- the price in Ksh or the sourcing method such as donation or gift
·    Date out- Column for the date the item was taken out by self or others
·    Quantity out- column for the quantity taken
·    balance- Column for what remained after quantity out
·    Sign/name- column for the sign or name of the person (self or others) who took
No Date in Category Item Quantity in Price Date out Quantity out Balance Sign
The language is that of note form in table format.

KCSE Topical Questions and Answers {The Latest & Best Collection}

KCSE Topical Questions and Answers {The Latest & Best Collection}: Download all the KCSE Topical Questions and Answershere for all Subjects:

Key: A = Answers and Q = Questions

Also see: KCSE Topical Revision Resources For All Subjects 

AGRICULTURE KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS IV

AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS

AGROFORESTRY

CROP PRODUCTION I (2)

CROP PRODUCTION I

CROP PRODUCTION II

CROP PRODUCTION III (2)

CROP PRODUCTION III

CROP PRODUCTION IV

CROP PRODUCTION V (2)

CROP PRODUCTION V

FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE AGRICULTURE (2)

FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE AGRICULTURE

FARM POWER AND MACHINERY (2)

FARM POWER AND MACHINERY

FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT (2)

FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

FORAGE CROPS

INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE

LIVESTOCK HEALTH II (2)

LIVESTOCK HEALTH II

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I (2)

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I (3)

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (2)

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V

SOIL FERTILITY II

WATER SUPPLY

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL (2)

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

BIOLOGY KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

BIOLOGY KCSE TOPICAL ANSWERS

A genetics

A Ecology

A evolution

A excretion n homeostasis

A gaseous exchange in plants and animals

A genetics

A growth n development

A Human health

A receptio, response and cordination (irritability n sensiti

A reproduction in plants and animals

A respiration

A support n movement in plants and animals

A transport in pants and animals

A cell physiology-osmosis, diffusion and active transport

A classification 1 and 2, qnts n ans

A nutrition in plants n animals

BIOLOGY KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS

Q ecology

Q evolution

Q excretion n homeostasis

Q gaseous exchange in plants and animals

Q genetics

Q growth n development

Q human health

Q reception, response and cordination(irritability n sensiti

Q reproduction in plants and animals

Q respiration

Q support n movement in plants and animals

Q transport in plants and animals

Q the cell-structures and functions of organells

BUSINESS STUDIES KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

A BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

A CASH BOOK

A CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

A COMMUNICATION

A DEMAND AND SUPPLY

A DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF BUSINESS

A ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

A enterprenuership

A FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A FORMS OF BUSINESS UNITS

A GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS

A home trade

A INCOMPLETE RECORDS

A INFLATION

A INSURANCE

A INTERNATIONAL TRADE

A intro to biz

A managing a biz

A MONEY AND BANKING

A NATIONAL INCOME

A office

A POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

A PRODUCT MARKETS

A PRODUCT PROMOTION

A production

A PUBLIC FINANCE

A sat of human wants

A SOURCE DOCUMENTS AND BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

A THE LEDGER

A THE THEORY OF THE FIRM

A TRANSPORT

A WAREHOUSING

 

Q biz n env

Q biz transa

Q cashbooks

Q chain of distri

Q comunication

Q demand n suply

Q deter ntwk of biz

Q economic dev n pla

Q enterprenuashp

Q financial statemnts

Q forms biz units

Q gov n Business

Q home trade

Q incomplete records

Q inflation

Q insuarance

Q international trade

Q introduction

Q ledger

Q managin a biz

Q money n bankin

Q national income

Q office

Q pop n emplo

Q product markets

Q product promo

Q production

Q public finance

Q sats human wants

Q source doc n bks origi ent

Q theory of tha firm

Q transi Q warehousin

CHEMISTRY KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Acids, BAIS AND SALTS ANS

Acids, BAIS AND SALTS Q

Air and combustion ANS

Air and combustion Q

Carbon and its compounds ANS

Carbon and its compounds Q

Chemical families ANS

Chemical families Q

Chlorine and its compounds ANS

Chlorine and its compounds Q

Effect of an electric current on substances ANS

Effect of an electric current on substances Q

Electrochemistry ANS

Electrochemistry Q

Energy changes in chemical and physical processes ANS

Energy changes in chemical and physical processes Q

Gas laws ANS

Gas laws Q

Introduction to chemistry ANS

Introduction to chemistry Q

Metals ANS

Metals Q

Nitrogen and its compounds ANS

Nitrogen and its compounds Q

Organic chemistry 1 ANS

Organic chemistry 1 Q

Organic chemistry II ANS

Organic chemistry II Q

PRACTICALS SHEM ANS

PRACTICALS SHEM Q

Radioactivity ANS

Radioactivity Q

Salts ANS

Salts Q

Simple classification of substances ANS

Structure and bonding ANS

Structure and bonding Q

Structure of the atom and the periodic table ANS

Structure of the atom and the periodic table Q

Sulphur and its compounds ANS

Sulphur and its compounds Q

The mole ANS

The mole Q

WATER AND HYDROGEN ANS

WATER AND HYDROGEN Q

CRE KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

ABRAHAM ANS

ABRAHAM Q

AFRICAN HERITAGE ANS

AFRICAN HERITAGE Q

CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO LAW, ORDER & JUSTICE ANS

CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO LAW, ORDER & JUSTICE Q

Christian approach to modern cience, technology & enviro (1)

Christian approach to modern cience, technology & environmen

CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO SEX, SEXUALITY & MARRIAGE ANS

CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO SEX, SEXUALITY & MARRIAGE Q

CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO WEALTH & POVERTY ANS

CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO WEALTH & POVERTY Q

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK ANS

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK Q

CONTEMPORARY CHRIATIN LIVING Q

CREATION OF A MAN ANS

CREATION OF A MAN Q

EARLY LIFE OF JESUS ANS

EARLY LIFE OF JESUS Q

GALILEAN MINISTRIE Q

GALILEAN MINISTRIES ANS

GIFTS OF HOLY SPIRIT ANS

GIFTS OF HOLY SPIRIT

INTRODUCTION TO C.R.E ANSWERS

INTRODUCTION TO C.R.E

INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN ETHICS ANS

INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN ETHICS Q

LOYALTY TO GOD . ELIJAH ANS

LOYALTY TO GOD. ELIJAH Q

MOSES AND SINAI COVENANT ANS

MOSES AND SINAI COVENANT Q

PASSION, DEATH & RESSURECTION ANS

PASSION, DEATH & RESSURECTION Q

PROPHECIES ABOUT MESSIAH ANS

PROPHECIES ABOUT MESSIAH Q

PROPHETS ANSWERS

PROPHETS

SOLOMON & DAVID ANS

SOLOMON & DAVID Q

THE BIBLE ANSWERS

THE BIBLE Q

THE JERUSALEM MINISTRY ANS

THE JERUSALEM MINISTRY Q

UNITY OF BELIEVERS ANS

UNITY OF BELIEVERS Q

GEOGRAPHY KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

AGRICULTURE ANS

AGRICULTURE Q

ENERGY ANS

ENERGY Q

EXTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES ANS

EXTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES Q

FIELD WORK ANS

FIELD WORK Q

FISHING ANS

FISHING Q

FORESTRY ANS

FORESTRY

INDUSTRY ANS

INDUSTRY Q

INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESS ANS

INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESS Q

INTRODUCTION TO GEO ANS

INTRODUCTION TO GEOQ

LAND RECLAMATION ANS

LAND RECLAMATION Q

MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT ANS

MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT Q

MAP WORK Q

MINERALS & ROCKS ANS

MINERALS & ROCKS Q

MINING ANS

MINING Q

PHOTOGRAPH WORK ANS

PHOTOGRAPH WORK Q

POPULATION ANS

POPULATION Q

SETTLEMENT ANS

SETTLEMENT Q

SOILS ANS

SOILS Q

STATISTICAL METHODS ANS

STATISTICAL METHODS Q

THE EARTH AND SOLAR SYSTEM ANS

THE EARTH AND SOLAR SYSTEM Q

TRADE ANS

TRADE Q

TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION ANS

TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION Q

VEGETATION ANS

VEGETATION Q

WEATHER & CLIMATE ANS

WEATHER & CLIMATE Q

WORLDLIF & TOURISM Q

HISTORY PAPER 1 KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

A CITIZENSHIP

A CONSTITUTION AND CONSTITUTION MAKING

A CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UPTO TH

A DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS

A ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA

A GOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE

A LIVES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF KENYAN LEADERS

A LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN KENYA

A NATIONAL INTERGRATION UNITY AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION

A NATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD

A SOCIAL ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT & CHALLENGES IN KE

A THE FORMATION STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF

A THE PEOPLES OF KENYA UPTO THE 19th CENTURY

A POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE IN

Copy of A THE PEOPLES OF KENYA UPTO THE 19th CENTURY

HISTORY PAPER 2 KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION

CO-OPERATION IN AFRICA

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY

DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

EARLY MAN

EUROPEAN INVASION OF AFRICA AND THE PROCESS OF COLONIZATION

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

SOCIAL,ECONOMIC _ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN SOCIETI

SOCIAL,ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES I

THE ELECTORAL PROCESS,FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENTS IN OTHER PAR

THE RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM

TRADE URBANIZATION WORLD WARS

KISWAHILI KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Fasihi Simulizi ANS

Fasihi Simulizi Q

Insha za kawaida ANS

Insha za kawaida Q

INSHA ZA KIUAMILIFU ANS

INSHA ZA KIUAMILIFU Q

Isimu Jamii ANS

Isimu Jamii Q

KIFO KISIMANI ANS

KIFO KISIMANI Q

Matumizi ya lugha ANS

Matumizi ya lugha Q

MAYAI WAZIRI WA MARADHI NA HADITHI ZINGINEZO ANS

MAYAI WAZIRI WA MARADHI NA HADITHI ZINGINEZO Q

UFAHAMU ANS

UFAHAMU Q

Ufupisho ANS

Ufupisho Q

Ushairi ANS

Ushairi Q

UTENGANO ANS

UTENGANO Q

MATHEMATICS KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Algebraic expressions ANS

Algebraic expressions Q

Angle Properties of Circles ANS

Angle Properties of Circles Q

Angles and Plane Figures ANS

Angles and Plane Figures Q

Approximation and errors ANS

Approximation and errors Q

Approximation of area Q

Area ANS

Area of a triangle ANS

Area of a triangle Q

Area of part of a circle ANS

Area of part of a circle Q

Area of polygons Q

Area Q

Binominial expansion ANS

Binominial expansion Q

Circles CHORDS AND TANGETS ANS

Circles CHORDS AND TANGETS Q

Commercial Arithmetic 2 ANS

Commercial Arithmetic 2 Q

Commercial arithmetic ANS

Commercial arithmetic Q

Common Logarithms ANS

Common Logarithms Q

Common solids ANS

Common solids Q

Compound proportions ANS

Compound proportions Q

Coordinates and Graphics ANS

Coordinates and Graphics Q

Decimals ANS

Decimals Q

Differentiation ANS

Differentiation Q

Equations ANS

Equations of straight lines ANS

Equations of straight lines Q

Equations Q

Formulae and variation ANS

Formulae and variation Q

Fractions ANS

Fractions Q

Further logarithms ANS

Further logarithms Q

Geometrical Constructions ANS

Geometrical Constructions Q

Graphical Methods ANS

Graphical Methods Q

Indices Q

Integers ANS

Integers Q

Integration ANS

Integration Q

L.C.M ANS

L.C.M Q

Length ANS

length Q

Linear ANS

Linear inequalities ANS

Linear inequalities Q

Linear motion ANS

Linear motion Q

Linear programming ANS

Linear programming Q

Linear Q

Loci ANS

Loci Q

Longitudes and latitudes ANS

Longitudes and latitudes Q

Mass, WEIGHT AND DENSITY ANS

Mass, WEIGHT AND DENSITY Q

Matrices ANS

Matrices Q

Matrices and Transformations ANS

Matrices and Transformations Q

Measures of central tendency ANS

Measures of central tendency Q

Probability ANS

Probability Q

Quadratic equations ANS

Quadratic equations Q

Quadratic expressions and equation 2 ANS

Quadratic expressions and equation 2 Q

Rates ,RATIOS & PERCENTAGES ANS

Rates ,RATIOS & PERCENTAGES Q

Reciprocals ANS

Reciprocals Q

Reflection and Congruence ANS

Reflection and Congruence Q

Representation of data ANS

Representation of data Q

Scale Drawing Q

Similarities and Enlargement ANS

Similarities and Enlargement Q

Squares and square roots ANS

Squares and square roots Q

STATISTICAL METHODS ANS

STATISTICAL METHODS Q

Statistics II ANS

Statistics II Q

Surds ANS

Surds Q

Surface Area of Solids ANS

Surface Area of Solids Q

The Pythagoras theorem Q

The Trigometric Ratio 1 ANS

The Trigometric Ratio 1 Q

Three dimensional geometry ANS

Three dimensional geometry Q

Time ANS

Time Q

Trigometric ratios 3 ANS

Trigometric ratios 3 Q

Trigometry 2 ANS

Trigometry 2 Q

Vectors 2 ANS

Vectors 2 Q

Vectors ANS

Vectors Q

Volume and capacity ANS

Volume and capacity Q

Volume of solids ANS

Volume of solids Q

PHYSICS KCSE TOPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Circular motion

Current I

Electronics

Electrostatics

Equilibrium and centre of gravity

Floating and sinking

Fluid flow

Force

GAS LAWS

GENERAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

GM induction

Hooke

Light

Linear motion

Machines

Magnetism

Measurement I

Measurement II

Newton

Particulate nature of matter

Photoelectric effect

Pressure

Quality of heat

Radioactivity

Reflection at curved surfaces

Refraction of light

Resistors

Thermal expansion

Thin lenses

Turning effect of a force

Waves II

Work (2)

Work -xray

KCSE Topical Questions & Answers for All Subjects

KCSE Topical Questions & Answers for all Subjects

KCSE Topical Revision Resources per topic for all Subjects in F1-4

KCSE topical questions and answers (All subjects)

 

https://newsblaze.co.ke/kcse-topical-questions-and-answers-all-subjects/

Continue reading KCSE Topical Questions and Answers {The Latest & Best Collection}

HYGIENE& NUTRITION SCHEME OF WORK FOR GRADE 3- TERM 3 FREE

 

 

HYGIENE&NUTRITIONSCHEMEOFWORKFORGRADE3TERM3

 

 

 

SCHOOL GRADE LEARNING

 

AREA

TERM YEAR
  3 HYGIENE&

 

NUTRITION

3  

 

 

 

 

 

1 1 Foodsand

Nutrition

Foodand

fitness

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearnershould beabletoappreciatethe importanceofeatingthe rightamountsoffoodat therighttimeand

doingadequatephysical exercises

Whyisit

importanttodo physical exercises regularly?

Learnersareguidedin keeping

a recordoftheirparticipationin physicalexercise

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg80-81

 

Pictures Charts videoclips

computingdevices

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
  2 Foodsand

Nutrition

Safetyin

foodstorage

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,the

learnershouldbeableto: identifystoragefacilities for

foodat home,

Whatfoods

shouldbe cookedbefore eating?

Learnersareguidedtoidentify

storageforfood(cupboards, shelves,racks,refrigerator,

foodcontainers,sacks)through pictures,videoclips,charts.

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg87

 

Pictures

 

Charts

 

videoclips,computing devices

realia

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
2 1 Foodsand

Nutrition

Safetyin

foodstorage

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearnershould

Whatfoods

couldbe eaten

Learnersareguidedtoidentify

areas wherecookedandraw

EverydayHygieneand oralquestionsoral  

 

 

 

 

        beableto statewhereto

storecookedandraw foodsat home.

raw? foodscouldbe storedusing

pictures,videos.

Learnersareguidedtomention factorstoobservewhenstoring food(clean,andcoolplace; cookedfoodcovered;not mixingcookedanduncooked food;free frompests

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg88

reports

 

observation

 
  2 Foodsand

Nutrition

Safetyin

foodstorage

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearnershould beabletomention

factorstoobservewhen

storingcookedandraw foodsat home,

Wheredowe

storecooked andrawfoods?

 

Learnersareguidedto give reasonsforproperstorageof food(preventgoing

bad;to preservesothatitcan be usedlater;toavoid contaminationfromdirt;

topreventfrombeeninfested bypests;topreventwastage) Learnersroleplayhowto store rawandcookedfood.

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg89

 

Pictures Charts videoclips

computingdevices realia

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
3 1 Foodsand

Nutrition

Safetyin

foodstorage

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearnershould beabletogivereasons

forproperstorageoffood at home,

appreciatetheimportance ofproperstorageoffood at home

Howdowe

storecooked andrawfoods? Whatisthe importance

ofproper storageof cookedandraw foods?

Learnerscansearchstorage

facilitiesfromtheinternetusing computingdevices

Learnerscantakepicturesor shootvideosusingcomputing deviceson howtheystorefood at homeandshareinclass

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg90

 

Pictures Charts videoclips

computingdevices realia

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
  2 Safety

Education

Common

accidentsand

Basic

Firstaid

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearner shouldbeableto: identifycommon accidentsinthe school,

Whatarethe

common accidentsinthe school

Learnersbrainstormon

commonaccidentsinthe school(falls,cuts,grazes, sprains

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg95-96

 

Pictures

 

Charts

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 

 

 

 

 

 

              videoclips

 

computingdevices realia

   
4 1 Safety

Education

Common

accidentsand

Basic

Firstaid

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearner shouldbeableto: namethecausesof common

accidentsinschool

Whatarethe

causesof common accidentsinthe school?

Learnersareguidedto

identifycausesofcommon accidentsintheclassroom (roughsurfaces,accidents duringgames/sports/P.E, unevenpavements,open windows,litter)using picturesor video

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg99-

 

100

 

Pictures Charts videoclips

computingdevices realia

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
  2 Safety

Education

Common

accidentsand

Basic

Firstaid

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearner shouldbeableto:

nameswayofpreventing commonaccidentsinthe school

Whatarethe

causesof common accidentsinthe school?

Ingroups,learnerslistento

storiesandshareexperiencesof commonaccidentstheyhave encounteredorwitnessedinthe school

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg102-

 

103

 

Pictures Charts videoclips

computingdevices realia

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
5 1 Safety

Education

Common

accidentsand

Basic

Firstaid

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearner shouldbeableto: telltheFirst Aid for

  Learnersareguidedtotell

howtheycanpreventcommon accidentsintheschoolusing demonstration,picturesand

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

oralquestionsoral

 

reports

 

 

 

 

 

 

        faintingand nose

bleeding

  illustrations.

Learnersareguidedtotell theFirstAid forfaintingand nosebleeding.

BookGrade3pg105-

 

107

 

Pictures Charts videoclips

computingdevices realia

observation  
  2 Safety

Education

Common

accidentsand

Basic

Firstaid

Bytheendofthesub-

strand,thelearner shouldbeableto: demonstrateFirst Aid faintingand

nosebleeding.

  Learnersareguidedtorole

playincarryingoutFirst Aid forfaintingandnose bleeding

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg105-

 

107

 

Pictures

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
6 1 Packaged

food

Packagedfood Bytheendofthesub-

strand,the

learnershouldbeableto: name varioustypesof packagedfoodssoldin thelocality.

Whichfoods

are soldin packagesinour locality?

learnersare guidedto namethe

variouspacked foodssoldin theirlocalitythroughrealia, pictures,emptypackages,video clips

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg108-

 

109

 

Pictures

 

emptyfoodpackages, pictures,videoclips, computingdevices

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
  2 Packaged

food

Packagedfood Bytheendofthesub-

strand,the

learnershouldbeableto: identifythebasic informationonpacketsor containersusedfor packagingfood

What

informationis foundonthe packages

Learnersareguidedtoidentify

thebasicinformationprovided onpackagedfoodusingempty packagematerialsorrealia (expirydate,manufacturedate, storage,useofproduct,quality marklikeKebs, weightof

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg110

 

Pictures

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 

 

 

 

 

 

            contents) emptyfoodpackages,

 

pictures,videoclips, computingdevices

   
7 1 Packaged

food

Packagedfood Bytheendofthesub-

strand,the

learnershouldbeableto: appreciatetheimportance ofthebasicinformation foundon foodpackets

andcontainers

Whyisthe

information important?

learnerscantakepicturesof

foodpackagesusingcomputing devicesandsharethe informationonpackagesin

class

Learnerscansearchfor differentfoodpackagesinthe internetusingcomputing devicesandshare

findingsinclass

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s

 

BookGrade3pg111

 

Pictures

 

emptyfoodpackages, pictures,videoclips, computingdevices

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
  2 Packaged

food

Packagedfood Bytheendofthesub-

strand,the

learnershouldbeableto: appreciatetheimportance ofthebasicinformation foundon foodpackets

andcontainers

Whyisthe

information important?

learnerscantakepicturesof

foodpackagesusingcomputing devicesandsharethe informationonpackagesin

class

Learnerscansearchfor differentfoodpackagesinthe internetusingcomputing devicesandshare

findingsinclass

EverydayHygieneand

 

Nutrition,Learner’s BookGrade3pg111 emptyfoodpackages, pictures,videoclips, computingdevices

oralquestionsoral

 

reports observation

 
8       REVISIONFOREND

OFYEAREXAM

         
9       ASSESSMENT          

 

COMPUTER STUDIES FORM 2 SCHEMES OF WORK TERM 1-3 PDF

APPLICATION PACKAGES (WORD PROCESSORS)
WEEK LESSON TOPIC SUB – TOPIC OBJECTIVES LEARNING/TEACHING ACTIVITIES LEARNING/TEACHING RESOURCES REFERENCES REMARKS
1   Reporting from home and settling for first term work
 

2

 

1

   

DEFINITION OF WORD PROCESSOR

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term word processor

·        Explain the purpose of a word processor

 

·        Q/A discussion

 

·        Newspapers

·        Letters

·        Cards

·        books

 

·        Longhorn Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 1-3

 
   

2-3

   

USING A WORD PROCESSING PACKAGE

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Start a Microsoft word

·        Explain the Microsoft screen layout

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working personal computer

 

·        Longhorn Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 5-10

 
 

3

 

1

   

RUNNING THE PROGRAMME

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Save and retrieve

·        Close and exit

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 13-17

 
   

2-3

   

EDITING AND FORMATTING A DOCUMENT

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Select a document

·        Move, copy and delete

·        Insert and type over

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 16-19

 
 

4

 

1

   

FIND AND REPLACE

 

By the end of the lesson, the leaner should be able to

·        Define the term find and replace

·        Find and replace a documents

·        Use thesaurus

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Letters

·        Card working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 16-24

 
   

2-3

   

TEXT FORMATTING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Bold, italicize, underline, change fonts

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Letters

·        Cards

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 22-23

 
 

5

 

1

   

PARAGRAPH FORMATTING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Drop cap, sub and superscript

·        Align and indent text

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Cards

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 22-23

 
   

2-3

   

PARAGRAPH FORMATTING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Space and section break

·        Bullet and number

·        Insert columns/page headers and footers

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Newspapers

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 22-23

 
 

6

 

1

   

SET-UP

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Set up margins

·        Set paper size and orientation

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 33-35

 
   

2-3

   

SET-UP

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term table

·        Crate tables

·        Insert rows and columns

·        Merge/split rows

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

·        books

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 37-39

 
 

7

 

1

   

TABLE CONVERSION/ ARITHMETIC CALCULATIONS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        convert text to a table and vice verse

·        import tables/perform calculations

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

·        Chalk board

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 40-41

 
   

2-3

   

MAIL MERGE

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term mail merge

·        Create: main document and data source

·        Merge fields

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Letters

·        Card

·        Working computer

·        Chalk board

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 44-46

 
 

8

 

1

   

GRAPHICS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term graphic

·        Insert/edit graphics

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Clip art

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 44-49

 
   

2-3

   

PRINTING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term printing

·        Set up the printer and print

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Letters

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 44

 
 

9

 

1

   

SPREAD SHEETS (SPREADSHEETS)

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term spreadsheets

·        Explain the application areas of spreadsheet

 

·        Q/A Discussion

 

·        Call register

·        Accounts book

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 52-53

 
   

2-3

   

CREATING A WORKSHEET

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term worksheet

·        Create a worksheet

·        Save/retrieve a worksheet

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Class register

·        Accounts book

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 57-65

 
 

10

 

1

   

CELL DATA TYPES

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term cell data type

·        Explain the different data types

 

·        Q/A discussion

 

·        Books

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 66

 
   

2-3

   

CELL REFERENCING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term cell referencing

·        Explain the different cell referencing

·        Apply cell referencing on a computer

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 66-69

 
 

11

 

1

   

FUNCTIONS AND FORMULAE

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Differentiate between functions and formulae

·        Apply functions and formulae on a document

 

·        Q/A demonstration Practical

 

·        Working computer

·        Books

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 70-73

 
   

2-3

   

WORKSHEET FORMATTING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Format a worksheet: text, numbers, rows, columns and global

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 74-79

 
 

12

 

1

   

DATA MANAGEMENT

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the terms, Sort, filter, total forms

·        Apply the above features

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 73-75

 
   

2-3

   

CHARTS/GRAPHICS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Definite the terms chart

·        Explain the different charts

·        Insert charts

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 77-79

 
  END TERM EXAMS/SCHOOLS CLOSE
 

 

 

 

 

 

COMPUTER FORM 2 SCHEMES OF WORK – TERM 2

DATABASES
WEEK LESSON TOPIC SUB – TOPIC OBJECTIVES LEARNING/TEACHING ACTIVITIES LEARNING/TEACHING RESOURCES REFERENCES REMARKS
1   Reporting from home and settling for the second term work
 

2

 

1

   

DATABASE

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the database

·        Explain the concept of D/base

 

·        Q/A discussion

 

·        Class list

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 93-94

 
   

2-3

   

DATABASE MODELS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term d/base model

·        Explain the difference d/base models

·        Discuss the features of a database

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 96-98

 
 

3

 

1

   

DATA ORGANIZATION

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Organize data in a database

·        Start Ms Access

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 97-100

 
   

2-3

   

MS ACCESS SCREEN LAYOUT

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the access screen layout

·        Create a database

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Letters

·        Cards

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 100-104

 
 

4

 

1

   

EDITING A D/BASE

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Edict a data base

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Letters

·        Cart

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 108-109

 
   

2-3

   

QUERIES

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term query

·        Crate a query

 

·        Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Letters

·        Card

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 116-117

 
 

5

 

1

   

UPDATING A QUERY

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Update a query

·        View a query

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 120-122

 
   

2-3

   

FORM DESIGN

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the form layout

·        Create a form

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Newspaper

·        Working  computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 110-113

 
 

6

 

1

   

FORMATTING FIELDS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Display records in a form

·        Format fields

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 113

 

 
   

2-3

   

REPORTS LAYOUT

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define a report

·        Create a report

·        Modify a report

 

Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working Computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 125-129

 

 
 

7

 

1

   

REPORTS LAYOUT

 

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Sort and group data in a report

·        Design labels

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Forms

·        Report

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 40-41

 

 
   

2-3

   

PRINTING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term printing

·        Print: form and a report

 

·        Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Forms

·        Report

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 112

 
DESKTOP PUBLISHING
 

8

 

1

   

DESKTOP PUBLISHING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define DTP S/W

·        State then purpose of DTPS/W

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Clip art

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 132-134

 

 
   

2-3

   

DESIGNING A PUBLICATION

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the DTP S/W

·        Discuss the types of DTP publications

 

·        Q/A Observation Practical

 

·        Letters

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 133-134

 

 
 

9

 

1

   

DESIGNING A PUBLICATION

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Run the DTP program

·        Explain the DTP screen layout

 

·        Q/A discussion

 

·        Cards, certificates, text, calendars, text books

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 134-136

 
   

2-3

   

DESIGNING A PUBLICATION

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Set up a publication

·        Manipulate text and graphics

 

Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Cards, certificates, text calendars, textbooks

·        Working Computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 139-143

 
 

10

 

1

   

TEXT

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Design page layout

·        Use a ruler to measure

 

·        Q/A discussion

 

·        Calendars, textbooks

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 158

 
   

2-3

   

GRAPHICS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term graphics

·        Change full stroke

·        Reshape objects

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working Computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 150

 
 

11

 

1

   

GRAPHICS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Copy an object

·        Import and wrap text

 

·        Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 161-162

 
   

2&3

   

GRAPHICS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Group objects

·        Lock objects

 

·        Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 164-168

 
 

12/13

 

1

   

ROTATE/CROP

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the terms, sort, filter, total, forms

·        Apply the above features

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 164

 
  THE SCHOOL CLOSES/END OF TERM EXAMS
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COMPUTER FORM 1 SCHEMES OF WORK – TERM 1

 

INTERNET AND E-MAIL

WEEK LESSON TOPIC SUB – TOPIC OBJECTIVES LEARNING/TEACHING ACTIVITIES LEARNING/TEACHING RESOURCES REFERENCES REMARKS
1 Reporting from home and settling for the first term work
 

2

 

1

   

INTERNET AND E-MAIL

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term internet

·        Explain the development of internet

 

·        Q/A discussion

·        Demonstration

·        observation

 

·        internet

·        Text book

·        Working Computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 168-169

 

 
   

2-3

   

IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERNET

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the importance of the internet

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 266-275

 

 
 

3

 

1

   

INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the internet connectivity

·        Explain elements of IC

 

·        Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Modem S/W

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 273-276

 

 
   

2-3

   

INTERNET SERVICES

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the internet services

 

·        Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Letters

·        Cards

·        Books

·        computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 273-276

 
   

1

   

ACCESSING INTERNET

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Log in/Sign in

·        Surf/browse

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Web pages

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 279

 
 

4

 

2-3

   

HYPER LINKS AND SEARCH ENGINES

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term search engine

·        Use search engines

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Letters

·        Card

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 177-179

 

 
 

5

 

1

   

ELECTRONIC MAIL

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the term e-mail

·        Discuss the use of email s/w

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 178-180

 

 
   

2-3

   

E-MAIL

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        State the e-mail facilities

·        Compose mails

·        Check mails

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Web pages

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 30-37

 
 

6

 

1

   

E-MAIL

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Manipulate an e-mail

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Web pages

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 180

 
   

2-3

   

SET-UP

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Fax e-mail

·        Attach files

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Websites

·        Web pages

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 181-182

 
 

7

 

1

   

TEL MESSAGING

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the term tel messaging

·        Develop contact mgt

 

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Handouts

·        Web pages

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 181-182

 

 
   

2-3

   

EMERGING ISSUES

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Explain the emerging issues

·        Search for the emerging issues in the net

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Websites

·        Web pages

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 182-183

 

 
 

8

 

1

   

GRAPHICS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term graphic

·        Insert/edit graphics

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Web sites

·        Web pages

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 44-49

 
   

2-3

   

G. DATA SECURITY AND CONTROLS

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term data security

·        Identify security threats on ICT

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 185-186

 
 

9

 

1

   

CONTROL MEASURES

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Discuss the control measures on ICT

 

·        Q/A discussion

 

·        Internet

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 186-188

 
   

2-3

   

COMPUTER CRIMES

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the term computer crimes

·        Explain the computer crimes

 

·        Q/A Demonstration Practical

 

·        Books

·        Internet

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 188-190

 
 

10

 

1

   

ICT PROTECTION

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Discuss ICT protection measures

 

Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Internet

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 190-193

 
   

2-3

   

LAWS OF ICT

 

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

·        Define the terms ethics

·        Explain the ethical issues

 

·        Q/A demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Internet

·        Handouts

·        Books

·        Working computer

 

·        Computer studies by S.John Onunga page 327-328

 
 

11

 

1

   

ICT LEGISLATION

 

By the end of the lesson,  the learner should be able to

·        Discuss ICT laws

 

·        Q/A discussion

   

·        Computer studies by S.John Onunga page 328-331

 
   

2-3

   

WORKSHEET FORMATTING

 

By the end of the lesson, the earner should be able to

·        Format a w/sheet: text, numbers, rows, columns and global

 

·        Q/A Demonstration practical

 

·        Books

·        Handouts

·        Working computer

 

·        Longhorn Computer studies Secondary. S.Mburu, G. Chemwa page 190-193

 

 
   

SCHOOLS CLOSES END OF YEAR

 

KCPE past KNEC papers and marking schemes – Topical revision resource for all subjects

REVISING KCPE

KNEC PAST PAPERS

TOPICALLY ANALYSED PRACTICE

QUESTIONS FOR ALL SUBJECTS

CONTENTS

 

SUBJECT

TOPICS

PAGE
MATHEMATICS
1.Numbers 6 –8
2.Operation on numbers 8 – 12
3.Measurement (length ,area ,volume) 12 –16
4.Weight/Mass 16 – 18
5.Money 18-22
6.Postal Charges 23-24
7.Time And Speed 25-27
8.Geometry 27-36
9. Algebra 37-39
10.Tables and graphs 39-47
11.scale drawing 47-48
12.Ratio and proportion 48-49
ENGLISH

1. Topics Analysis table 50-51
2.ALL QUESTIONS & BEST compositions 2003-2010 52-117
KISWAHILI
1.Ubashiri wa maswali ya KCPE 2003-2010 199-120
2.Insha bora, Maswali yote ya KCPE 2003-2010 121-186
SCIENCE
1.Weather and astronomy 188-189
2.Human body 190-191
3.Plants 191-193
4.Animals 193-194
5.Health Education 195-196

6.Environment 196-197
7.Soil 197-199
8.water 199-200
9.Food and Nutrition 200-201
10 Properties of matter 202-207
11.Energy 207-213
12.Making work easier 213-216

SOCIAL STUDIES
Physical Environment 218-232
People and Population 233-235
Social and Cultural Activities 236-238
Resources & Economic Activities 239-247
Political development 248-254
Law peace & Reconciliation 255-256
Democracy &Human rights 256-257
Government of Kenya 257-259
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Creation 260
God speaks to us in the old Testament 261-264
Jesus and the New Testament 265-268
The early church & the Christian community 269-270
African Traditional religious heritage 271-272
Contemporary Christian living 273-275
Bible library 275

K.C.P.E 2011 276- 316
MARKING SCHEMES 317 –325

 

 

 

K.C.P.E

K.N.E.C.

MATHEMATICS

2000-2011

K.C.P.E REVISION 5
TOPICALLY ANALLYSED

MATHEMATICS
NUMBERS
Place value and Total value
1. Which one of the following numbers has the smallest value?
A. 111010 B.101101 C.110110
D.101011 Q2,2000

2. What is the number 29 853 when rounded to the nearest thousand?
A. 29,000
B, 29,850
C. 29,900
D. 30,000 Q4,2000

3. What is the place value digit 5 in the number 1050067?
A. Thousands
B. Ten thousands
C. Fifty thousands
D. Hundred thousands Q5,2000
4. What is 4990678 rounded off to the nearest thousand?
A. 4990000

B. 4990700

C. 4991000

D. 5000000 Q2,2001

5. What is the place value of the digit 5 in the number 4 573 261?
A. Hundred thousands

B. Five hundred thousands

C. Millions

D. Five millions Q8,2001

6. How many times is the value of the digit 8 more
K.C.P.E REVISION

than the value of digit 2 in the number 850 265? A. 799 800
B. 4 000

C. 1 000

D. 4 Q28,2002

7. What is 899 470 rounded off to the nearest ten thousand?
A. 890 000

B. 899 000

C. 900 000

D. 900 470 Q35,2002

 

8. What is the place value of 3 in the number 7830402? A.Hundreds thousands
B.Ten thousands C.Thousands
D.Hundreds Q1,2003

9. What is 468.3894 rounded off to the nearest tenth? 470
468.3

468.39

468.4 Q8,2003

10. What is 399.90485 rounded off to the nearest hundredth?

A. 400

B. 399.905

C. 399.90

D. 399.9 Q1,2004

 

6

11. What is the place value of the digit 7 in the number 3470268?

A. Thousands

B. Ten thousands

C. Seventy thousands

D. Hundred thousands Q5,2004

12. Which one of the following is 50205082 in words?

A. Fifty million two hundred and fifty thousand and eighty two.
B. Fifty million twenty five thousand and eighty two.
C. Fifty million two hundred thousand five hundred and eighty two.
D. Fifty million two hundred and five thousand and eighty two. Q2 2005

13. What is the number 29.34046 rounded off to the nearest thousandth?
A. 29.3

B. 29.34

C. 29.340

D. 29.341 3,2005

114. What is the sum of the total values of the digits in the hundreds and ten thousands positions in the

number 693582?

A. 95 000

B. 90 500

C. 10 100

D. 9 500 Q 5,2006

15. What is the place value of the digit 7 obtained after

working out 0.2016 ÷ 28? A Tenths.
B Hundredths. C Thousandths.
D Ten thousandths.
Q2,2007

16. What is the total value of digit 6 in the number

40607580?

A Six million,

B Six hundred thousand C Sixty thousand.
D Hundred thousand.
Q5,2008

 

17. What is the difference between the total value of digit 3 and digit 9 in the number 6803901 ?

A. 6

B. 2 100

C. 3 000

D. 3 900 Q10, 2009

 

18. What is the place value of digit 6 in the number 706053?

A. Six hundreds

B. Hundreds

C. Six thousands

D. Thousands Q4,2010

K.C.P.E REVISION 7

Reading and writing numbers in symbols and words
19. Which one of the following is 3200104 in words?
A. Thirty two thousand one hundred and four.
B. Three million two thousand one hundred and four.
C. Three hundred and twenty thousand one hundred and four.
D. Three million two hundred thousand one hundred and four. Q1,2000
20. Which one of the following is six million, eighty five thousand, three hundred and seven?
A. 6085037

B. 6805037

C. 6085307

D. 6850307 Q1,2001

21. Which of the following is 5505055 in words?

A. Five million, fifty five thousand and fifty five

B. Five million, five hundred thousand, five hundred and fifty five
C. Five million, five hundred and five thousand and fifty five
D. Five million, five hundred and fifty thousand and fifty five. Q1,2002

22. Which of the following is 30030030 in words? A.Thirty million three hundred and thirty.
B. Thirty million three thousand and thirty.

C. Thirty million thirty thousand and thirty.

D. Thirty million three hundred thousand and thirty.
Q5,2003

23. What is three million six thousand four hundred and seventy two less one thousand written in symbols?

A. 3599472

B. 3005472

C. 3007472

D. 3059472 Q3,2004

24. Which one of the following is 50205082 in words?

A. Fifty million two hundred and fifty thousand and eighty two.
B. Fifty million twenty five thousand and eighty two.
C. Fifty million two hundred thousand five hundred and eighty two.
D. Fifty million two hundred and five thousand and eighty two. Q1 ,2005
25. What is 73121025 written in words?

A. Seven million three hundred and twelve thousand one hundred and twenty five.
B. Seventy three million one hundred and twenty one thousand and twenty five.
C. Seven hundred and thirty one million two hundred and ten thousand and twenty five.
D. Seventy three million twelve thousand one

hundred and twenty five.
Q1,2006

26. Which one of the following is 1100000.001 written in words?
A One million one hundred thousand and one hundredth.

B One million one thousand and one thousandth.

C One million one hundred thousand one tenth.

D One million one hundred thousand and one thousandth
Q1,2007

K.C.P.E REVISION 8

27. Which one of the following numbers is one million five thousand three hundred and eight?

A 1005308

B 1050308

C 1500308

D 1005038 Q1,2008

 

28. Which one of the following numbers is twenty-six million, four hundred and thirty thousand, two hundred and nine in symbols?

A. 26432009

B. 2643209

C. 26430209

D. 264302009 Q1 2009

 

29. Which one of the following is 60400502 in words?

A. Six million four hundred thousand five hundred and two.
B. Sixty million four thousand five hundred and two.
C. Sixty million forty thousand five hundred and two.
D. Sixty million four hundred thousand five hundred and two.
Q1 2010

Squares and square roots GCD and LCM
30 .What is the L.C.M. of 15, 20 and 30?
A. 120
B. 60
C. 15
D. 5 Q10,2000

31. What is the square root of 7 9/16? A. 2 3/4
B. 1 3/8

C. 11/16

D. 7 3/4 Q19,2001

32. In a school, one bell rings after every 30 minutes while the other rings after every 35 minutes. If the two bells rang together at 8.15 a.m., at what time did they ring together next?
A. 11.45 a.m.

B. 3.30 a.m.

C. 9.20 a.m.

D. 1.45 a.m. Q43,2001

33. A rectangular plot measures 64 m by 16 m. What would be the length of the side of a square plot
with

the same area?

A. 32 m

B. 40 m

C. 512 m

D. 1 024 m Q50,2002

 

34. What is the difference in value between the LCM of 8 and 12, and the GCD of 36 and 54?
A.104 B.84 C.14
D. 6 Q 11,2003

35. The floor of a square room is covered completely by four equal carpets. The area of each carpet is 322∕49m2.
What is the length of one side of the room in metres?
A.644∕9 B.73∕7 C.35∕7
D.16∕7 Q48,2003

36.. What is the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of the numbers 32, 48 and 56?
A. 8

B. 168

C. 672

D. 86016 Q2,2004

37. What is the square root of 17/ 9? A. 4/9
B. 8/9

C. 11/3

D. 3 13/81 Q24,2004

38. What is the smallest number that can be divided by 12,

18 and 27 without a remainder?

A. 108

B. 36
C. 3

D. 5832 Q4,2005

39.. What is the square root of 0.0576?

A. 0.0024

B. 0.024

C. 0.24

D. 2.4 Q23, 2006

40. By how much is the LCM of 40 and 60 more than their GCD?
A 20

B 100

C 120

D 140 Q9,2007

41. What is the value of √4.2849 ? A. 0.207
B. 2.07

C. 2.7

D. 207 Q19,2007

42. What is the square of 6 1/4 ?

A 39 1/16

B 36 1/16

C. 12 1/2

D. 2 1/2 Q4,2008

43. What is the Greatest Common Divisor of 120 and 270?

A 3

B 10

C 30

D 1 080 Q8,2008

44. What is the difference between the L.C.M. and the
G.C.D. of the numbers 24, 32, 40?

A. 8

B. 160

C. 400

D. 80 Q38 2009

45.What is the value of √21/4 ÷ 27/9 × (2/3)2 ?

A. 6/25

B. 11/9

Conversion of fractions to percentages and vice versa
49. In a certain school, the fractions of boys in classes 5,6,7 and 8 are as follows: class 5 is 12/16, class 6

C. 11/5

is 13/

26, class 7 is 10/25

and class 8 is 10/

18.

D. 2/5 Q47,2009

46. Which one of the numbers below is the square of 2 4/5
A. 72 21/25

B. 41 16/25

C. 39 1/5

D. 5 3/5 Q8,2010

47. Three bells are set to ring out at intervals of 4 minutes, 6 minutes and 9 minutes respectively. If they all ring together now, after how many minutes will they ring together next?

A. 12

B. 18

C. 36

D. 216 Q16, 2010

 

Conversion of decimals and fraction and vice versa

48. What is 1. 28978 correct to three decimal places? A. 1.28.
B. 1.289

C. 1.29

D. 1.290 Q2,2006

Which class has the least number of boys if all the classes have the same number of pupils?
A. Class 5

B. Class 6

C. Class 7

D. Class 8 Q 20,2007

OPERATION ON NUMBERS
Operation involving whole numbers

1. 23. In 1998, Wanja harvested 4 676 bags of maize. This was 168 bags more than those she harvested in 1997. How many bags of maize did she harvest in 1997?
A. 177
B. 513 C.4508
D.5021 Q23,2000
2. Muyaka had money as follows: 4 notes of sh 1000 3 notes of sh. 500 16 notes of sh. 200 11 notes of sh. 100 9 notes of sh. 50
She changed all the money into five – shilling coins. How many five- shilling coins did she get?
A. 51 250
B. 10250 .
C. 2050
D. 370 Q40,2000
3. Moki had 190 fifty shilling-notes. He changed

sh. 6000 into one thousand shilling-notes and the rest into five hundred shilling-notes.
How many five hundred shilling-notes did he get?

A. 9500

B. 19

C. 3500

D. 7 Q23,2001

cost of the sweets in each carton?

4. Cheptoo was hired for 8 hours a day from Monday to Friday and 5 hours on Saturday. She was paid
sh 5 850 per week. Cheptoo now works 10 hours a day from Monday to Friday and is free on Saturday.
What is her weekly pay if she is paid at the same rate per hour as before?
A. sh 4 500

B. sh 5 265

C. sh 5 300

D. sh 6 500 Q18,2002

5. A vendor kept money in a box and in a tin. In the box there were:
15 ten-shilling coins

23 twenty-shilling coins

36 five-shilling coins

In the tin there was an equal number of ten-shilling

and five-shilling coins and no twenty-shilling coin.

The total amount of money in both, the box and
tin,

was sh 1 000.

How many five-shilling coins were in the tin?

A. 14

B. 21

C. 28

D. 70 Q22,2002

6. A factory produced 65 160 sweets. The sweets were packed in packets each holding 24 sweets. The cost of each packet was sh 72. All the packets
were then equally put in 15 cartons. What was the

A. sh 181

B. sh 13 032

C. sh 195 480

D. sh 312 768 Q29,2002

7. Kamau wants to get change for a sh. 1000 note. The change is to consist of sh 500, sh 200, sh 100 and sh 50 notes. What is the smallest number of notes he can get?

A.4

B.5

C.6

D. 7 Q9,2003

8. Twenty members of a group contributed sh. 80 000 each to buy a piece of land. They already had sh. 120 000 in a bank out of which sh. 20 000 was the remain in the bank and the rest spent in buying the piece of land.

How much did the land cost?

A.Sh. 1 720 000

B.Sh. 1 700 000

C.Sh. 1 600 000

D.Sh. 180 000 Q31,2330

9. The number of children at a film show was 49 more than that of adults. The entry fee for each child was sh. 15 while that of each adult was sh. 30. The total amount of money paid by the children was sh. 2
055. How much money was paid by the children and the adults’ altogether?

A.Sh. 7 635

B.sh. 4 695

C.sh.3 375

D.sh.2 640 Q36,2003

10. Omala and Mwite had packets of tea to be packed into cartons. Each carton holds 46 packets. Omala packed 63 cartons and remained with 24 packets while Mwite packed 54 cartons and remained with

19 packets. How many more packets of tea had Omala than Mwite?

A. 419

B. 414

C. 409

D. 5 425 Q45,2005

11. A youth group organised a film show to raise funds. Two hundred and eighty men attended the film
show. The number of women who attended was half the number of men, while the number of youths was three times the number of both men and women. The charges were sh 50 per adult and sh 20 per youth. How much money was raised?

A. Sh 46 200

B. Sh 37 800

C. Sh 25 200

D. Sh 21 000 Q30,2006

12. In a certain village the total number of women and

children was 34 603. The number of women and men was 18 623. If the number of men was 5 984, what was the number of children in that village?

A 12 639

B 15 980

C 28 619

D 21 964 Q17,2007

13. Ahmed earns sh 560 500 per year. Oloo earns three times as much as Alice. Alice earns twice as much as Ahmed.
How much money, altogether, do they all earn in a year?

A. sh 1 121 000

B. sh 3 363 000

C. sh 4 484 000

D. sh 5 044 500 Q28,2008

14. During an election there were four candidates K, L, M and N. Candidate M received 3 421 votes which was 1 677 votes more than N received and 4 147 votes less than L received. The total number of valid votes cast was 23 406.

How many votes did K receive? A 10 673
B 12 733

C 14 161

D 7 319 Q49,2008

15. Mwende had mangoes. She ate 5 and shared the remaining among her 6 friends. She however found that she needed 2 more mangoes if each of the friends was to get 4 mangoes. How many mangoes had she at the beginning?

A. 22
B. 27
C. 29
D. 31 Q6,2009
16.A school contributed money for a project as follows:
Pupils in class 1-4 contributed sh 10 each Pupils in class 5 –8 contributed sh 20 each Teachers contributed sh 200 each
The Headteacher contributed sh 500

Each class in the school was double streamed with 30 pupils per stream. The number of teachers including the headteacher was 26. how much money was contributed all together?

A. sh 12 700

B. sh 15 100

C. sh 19 900

D. sh 20 100 Q22,2009

17. At a sports meeting the number of men was 200. The number of girls was three times that of men and 120 more than that of women. The number of boys was 30 more than that of girls. What was the total number of people at the meeting?

A. 719

B. 1 850

C. 1 910

D. 2 150 Q30,2010

 

Operation involving fractions

*18. . Onacha spent V9 of his salary on food, % of the remainder on school fees and the rest on leisure. If his salary was sh. 5 400, how much money did he spend on leisure?
A. sh. 4200
B. sh. 1800
C. sh. 1200
D. sh. 750 Q28,2000
19. Sara and Lucia shared a piece of cloth such that Lucia got three times as much as Sara. What fraction of the cloth did Sara get?
A. 3/4
B. 2/3
C. 1/3
D. ¼ Q5,2001
20. The fractions 2/ , 5/ , 3/ and 7/ are to be
arranged from the largest to the smallest. Which
of

the following is in the correct order?

21. What is the value of 11/2 – 1/4 × 11/3
11/3 + 1/6 ÷ 1/2
A. 1 17/18
B. 7/18
C. 1
D. 7/10 Q36,2002

22. What is the value of 7⁄8 of (4⁄5 + 1⁄2) ÷ 1⁄4?

A…91⁄320
B.27⁄10 C. 411⁄20,
D.44 ⁄5 Q12,2003

23. Kaole, Mwasi and Mbithe shared some money.
Mwasi got 2⁄7 of the money and Mbithe got 2⁄3 of the remainder. What fraction of the money did Kaole receive?
A.16⁄26 B.11⁄21 C. 5⁄21
D.1⁄21 Q39,2003

24. Which is the correct order of writing the fractions 3/8, 5/16
,11/32 ,3/48 from the largest to the smallest? A. 13/48 , 11/32 , 5/16 , 3/8
B. 3/8 , 5/16 , 11/32 , 13/48

C. 13/48 ,5/16 , 11/32 , 3/8

D. 3/8 , 11/32 , 5/16 , 13/48 Q4,2004

 

25. What is the value of 5/8 + 1/8 ÷ 2/3 – 3/8 ?

A. 13/56

A. 7/

5 3
6 , 4

, 2/

B. 3/4

B. 5/ 3

2 7
3 , 12

C. 7/16

7 3 5 2
12, 4 6 , 3

D. 7/ 2/ 3/ , 5/ Q2,2002

D. 1/3 Q12,2004

26. Muli spent 3/10 of his salary on food and 2/5 on rent. he was left with sh 2100. What was his salary?

A. sh 3 000

B. sh 3 675

C. sh 4 900

D. sh 7 000 Q42,2004

27. Amina shared money among her three children. The first got 1/3 while the second got ¼ of the money.
The third got ½ of what remained. Amina was left with sh 1500. How much money had she before it was shared?

A. sh 3 000

B. sh 5 700

C. sh 7 200 Q27,2005

28.. Which is the correct order of writing the fractions

3/4, 7/9, 4/5 and 9/11 from the largest to the smallest? A. 3/4, 4/5, 7/9, 9/11
B. 9/11, 7/9, 4/5, 3/4

C. 9/11, 7/9, 3/4, 4/5

D. 9/11, 4/5, 7/9, 3/4 Q49,2005
pupil intends to add the fractions 2/7 , 3/8 and 5/6 . Which one of the following numbers should she choose as the least common denominator?
A. 56
B. 48
C. 168
D. 336 Q13,2006
30.What is the value of 11/6 ÷ 1/4 × 2/3 + 5/8 ?

A. 59/72

B. 3 1/72

C. 3 53/72

D. 7 5/8 Q37,2006

31.Moraa shared money among her four children, Muta, Somo, Nduta and Aroya. Muta got 1/3 of the
money while Somo got 1/2 of the remainder. The rest
was shared equally between Nduta and Aroya. What fraction of the money did Aroya get?
A. 1/12
B. 1/6
C. 1/3
D. 1/2 Q48,2006

32.What is the value of 32/5 – 2 1/4 × 11/3 + 1/6 of 1 5/7 ?

A. 2 32/35

B. 1 86/105

C. 24/35

D. 4/35 Q4,2007

33.A farmer used ½ of her land for planting maize 1∕5 for

planting beans, 1/3 of the remainder for grazing and the rest for horticulture. If the farmer used 10 ha for grazing, how much land does she have?

A 100 ha

B 33 1/3 ha C 30 ha
D 11 1/30 ha Q28,2007

34. At a film show 1/5 of the attendants were boys while 1/4 were girls. Two fifths of the remainder were men and the rest were women
What fraction of the total attendants were women?

A. 11/20

B. 11/50

C. 3/20

D. 33/100 Q18,2008

35. What is the value of

 

 

A B C
D 111/25 Q44,2008

36. In a meeting 3/5 of the attendants were women, 1/4 of the reminder were men and the rest were children. There were 80 men in that meeting. How many children were there?

A. 120

B. 240

C. 480

D. 800 Q19,2009

37. What is the value of 2/5 ÷ 1 2/3 of 3/4?

A. 8/9

B. 1/2

C. 9/50

D. 8/25 Q14,2010

38. The fractions 3/7, 2/5, 5/8, 1/2 are to be arranged from the smallest to the largest. Which one of the following is the correct order?

A. 1/2, 2/5, 3/7, 5/8

B. 2/5, 3/7, 1/2, 5/8

C. 3/7, 2/5, 1/2, 5/8

D. 5/8, 1/2, 3/7, 2/5 Q18,2010

39.A teacher had a certain number of books. She gave
1 3 of the books to John and ¼ to Lucy. She also

gave 1/10 of the remaining books to Patel. If the teacher was left with 18 books, how many books had she given to Lucy?

 

 

 

Operations involving decimals.
40. What is 23.1408 correct to three decimal places? A. 23.0
B. 23.1
C. 23.140
D. 23.141 Q8,2000
41. What is the value of
0.3 x 0.94 + (0.304 + 0.123 – 0.4)?
A. 1.3495
B. 1.7725
C. 0.8935
D. 0.60225 Q15,2000
42. What is the value of 0.499 + 12.3 correct to 2 decimal places?
A. 13.00

B. 12.80

C. 12.79

D. 12.799 Q4,2001

43. What is the value of

0.48 × 0.0135

0.016

A. 40.5

B. 4.05

C. 0.405

D. 0.0405 Q14,2001

44. What is the value of 5.0 – 2.65 × 0.001? A. 4.999735
B. 4.99735

C. 4.9735

D. 0.00235 Q11,2002

45. What is the value of 21 ÷ 8 correct to two decimal places?
A. 2.6

B. 2.62

C. 2.625

D. 2.63 Q19,2002

 

46. What is the value of ?
A.263.5 B.2.635 C.0.2635

D.0.02635 Q6,2003

47. What is the value of 8 ÷ 0.02 + 1.35 x 0.4?

A. 400.54

B. 40.54

C. 160.54

D. 405.4 Q6,2005
48. During an election the winning candidate got 0.425 of the votes cast while the other two candidates
got 0.39 and 0.183 respectively. There were 48 spoilt votes.How many votes did the winning candidate

get?

A. 24 000

B. 10 200

C. 9 360

D. 4 392 Q39,2005

 

49.The decimals 0.09402, 0.09042, 0.09024, 0.09204
are to be written from the largest to the smallest. Which one of the following is the correct order?

A. 0.09204, 0.09402, 0.09042, 0.09024

B. 0.09402, 0.09042, 0.09204, 0.09024

C. 0.09402, 0.09204, 0.09042, 0.09024

D. 0.09024, 0.09042, 0.09204, 0.09402
Q10,2006

50.What is the value of 0.6 – 0.4 × 0.23 – 0.01?

A. 0.036

B. 0.044

C. 0.498

D. 0.518 Q20,2006

 

51. What is 6.0947 rounded off correct to two decimal places?
A 6.15

B 6.10

C 6.095

D 6.09 Q3,2007

52. In a certain school, the fractions of boys in classes 5,6,7 and 8 are as follows: class 5 is 12/16, class 6 is 13/26, class 7 is 10/25 and class 8 is 10/18.
Which class has the least number of boys if all the classes have the same number of pupils?

A. Class 5

B. Class 6

C. Class 7

D. Class 8 Q20,2007

53. What is the number 21.046 rounded off to 2 decimal

places?

A 21.46

B 21.04

C 21.00

D 21.05 Q3,2008

54. What is the value of

A. 9

B. 90

C. 27.7

D. 23.61 Q20,2008

55. Bongo gave 0.12 of his land to his wife, 0.25 to his son and 0.3 to his daughter. If he had 2.4 hectares of land, how many hectares was he left

D. 25.9 Q32,2009

57.A school offers only 4 games. Each pupil was asked to choose one favourite game out of the 4.
0.4 of the pupils chose football

of the pupils chose netball

of the remaining pupils chose basketball. The rest who were 112 pupils, chose hockey

What was the total number of pupils who chose football and netball ?

A. 240

B. 160

C. 400

D. 80 Q39,2009

58.What is the number 5826.3407 rounded off to 3 decimal places?

with? A. 5826.34
A. 0.72 B. 5826.340
B 0.288 C. 5826.341
C 0.6 D. 5826.3410 Q2,2010

D 0.792 Q38,2008

40.What is the number 15.76 rounded off to the nearest tenth?

A. 15.7

B. 15.8

C. 16

D. 20 Q20,2009

56.What is the value of 2.8 – 0.5 × 3.2 + 3 ?

59. Sera shared part of her land among her four children. Their shares were 0.29, 0.26, 0.21 and 0.14 of the land. If the part that was shared was 36
hectares, how many hectares of the land remained?

A. 3.6

B. 40

C. 0.1

D. 4 Q43,2010

 

A. 4.2

B. 1.8

C. 10.5

Combined operations

60. What is the value of 24 (72 — 69) + 6 x 4 ? 12
A. 8
B. 26
C. 30
D. 74 Q6,2000
61. What is the value of 82(92 — 32) ? 42×62

66. What is the value of 7(82 – 72) + 63 ÷ 7?

A. 16 .

B. 23

C. 24

D. 114 Q16,2006

67. What is the value of

A. 4B. 8 A 5
C. 2
D. 2/3
Q7,2000 B 11
62. What is the value of C 13

3/4 (1/2+ 2/5 ÷ 1/3) – 1/5 × 3/8 ?

A. 2/5
B. 37/40
C. 11/5
D. 119/20 Q6,2001
63. What is the value of 3(52-42) + 51 ÷ 17?

A.410⁄17 B.9 C.30
D.62 Q2, 2003

64. What is the value of 0.5 + 0.2 × 4.1– 0.31
0.02

A. 128

B. 60

C. 132.65

D. 50.5 Q9,2004

65.What is the value of 24 ÷ 3 + 4 × 5 – 8 ÷ 4 × 10 + 1?

A. 7

B. 9

C. 41

D. 131 Q17,2004

D 31 Q2, 2008

 

68. What is the value of 6(24-18) + 6 × 4 ?

6

A. 30

B. 25

C. 10

D. 28 Q11, 2009

69.What is the value of 4/5 + 3/5 of (2/3 -1/5) + 3/4 × 2/5?

A. 119/50
B. 1143/150
C. 13/10

D. 123/150 Q21,2009

70. What is the value of 3(42 + 22) – 5 x 6 ÷ 2

3 x 5

A. 59

B. 17

C. 11

D. 3 Q5,2010

71. What is the value of

0.77 + 5.00 of (0.57 – 0.33) + 0.88 x 0.4 ?

A. 2.322

B. 1.7368

C. 1.140

D. 0.90592 Q33,2010

 

Percentage increase and decrease
72. The marked price of a pair of shoes was sh.250. During a sale the price was reduced to sh.200. What was the percentage decrease in price?
A. 80%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D .20% Q9,2000
73. Flour is packed in 2.5 kg packets. If the weight of flour in the packets is increased by 25%, what would be the new weight of the packet?
A. 3.125 kg
B. 2 kg
C. 1.875 kg
D. 0.625 kg Q21,2001
74. The bus fare from one town to another was decreased by 20% and later increased by 20%. If the original fare was sh. 50, what is the new fare?
A. sh 32
B. sh 40
C. sh 48
D. sh 50 Q49,2002
75. In one year the population of Gazelles in a park was 3 400. In the following year, the population reduced by 25%. What was the size of the population of gazelles after the reduction?

A.850

B.4 250

C.3 375

D.2 550 Q23,2003

76. Cherono spent sh 8 100 on food in May. In the month of June she spent 10 % less on food than in May. How much money did she spend on food in June?

A. sh 810
B. sh 7 290
C. sh 9 000
D. sh 8 910 Q26,2005
77. In the year 2002, the number of pupils in a school was 800. In 2003 the number of pupils increased by 40%. How many pupils were there in 2003?
A. 320
B. 480
C. 840
D. 1 120 Q12,2006
78.A playing field measured 50 m by 30 m. The measurements of the sides of the field were
later increased to 80 m by 60 m. What was the percentage increase of the area of the field?
A 4 800
B 3 300
C 900
D 220 Q40, 2007
79. The length of a rectangular plot is 30 m and the width is
20 m. Each side of the plot is increased by 10%. What is the increase in the area of the plot?
A 6 m2

B 126m2 C. 600 m2
D 140 m2 Q35, 2008

80. In year 2005, enrolment in a school was 450. In the year 2006, the enrollment decreased by 10% from that of year 2005. The enrollment increased by 20% in year 2007. What will be the enrollment in the year 2007?

A. 396

B. 486

C. 495

D. 584 Q48,2009

81. At the beginning of year 2005, there were 800 pupils in a school of whom 55% were boys. At the end of the year the number of girls had increased by 20% and that of boys had decreased by 10%. What was the total number of pupils in the school at the end of the year?

A. 828

B. 916

C. 826

D. 880 Q37, 2010

 

Number sequence

82. What is the next number in the sequence 7, 16, 32, 57,—-
A.93
B. 89
C. 82
D 63 Q20,2000
83. What is the next number in the pattern 2, 6, 11,17, ,

….?

A. 28

B. 24

C. 23

D. 21 Q3,2001

84. What is the next number in the pattern 84, 62, 43, 27, ?
A. 16

B. 14

C. 13

D. 11 Q41,2002

85. What is the next number in the pattern 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, , ?
A. 19

B. 25

C. 43

D. 29 Q20,2004

86. What is the next number in the pattern 1, 3, 7, 15 . .
. ?

A. 22

B. 23

C. 25

D. 31 Q21,2005

 

87. What is the next number in the pattern: 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, ——, …?
A. 6.0

B. 7.2

C. 8.4

D. 9.6 Q9,2006

89. What is the next number in the pattern 16, 44, 82, 130,…?

A 188

B 212

C 178

D 140 Q16,2007

90. What is the next number in the pattern

1, 4, 10, 19…?

A 28

B 29

C 31

D. 34 Q11,2008

91. What is the next number in the sequence 6, 13, 24, 37, ?
A. 58

B. 56

C. 54

D. 52 Q28, 2009

92. What is the next number in the pattern 10, 11, 15, 24, 40, 65, ?
A. 105

B. 101

C. 90

D. 74 Q9,2010

 

MEASUREMENT ;
LENGTH, AREA & VOLUME
Problems involving conversion units of length

1. Twenty litres of milk was given to a class of 50 pupils to share equally. How many decilitres of milk did each pupil get?
A. 0.4

B. 4

C. 40

D. 400 Q19,2006
2. A tailor had 17.5 m of cloth material. From this material she made 2 dresses each requiring 3.75 m
of material, and 3 jackets each requiring 2.4 m of material. What length of material remained?
A. 1.4 m
B. 2.8 m
C. 11.35 m
D. 14.7 m Q49, 2006

3. A fruit vendor prepared juice which filled eight 3-litre containers. He later put the juice in 2-decilitre bottles for

sale. How many such bottles of juice did he get? A 12
B 120

C 1 200

D 12 000 Q13, 2007

Perimeter and circumference
4. The figure below represents a design of a window. The design consists of a square of sides 5 cm, a circle of diameter 7 cm and a rectangular frame measuring 26 cm by 15 cm. The square and the circle are joined to each other and to the frame by lines each 4 cm long.

 

What is the total length, in cm of the metal needed to make the design? (Take n =22/?)
A. 42
B. 82
C. 124
D. 152 Q31,2000
5. A triangular plot measuring 7.5 metres by 12.5

metres by 15 metres is to be fenced. If the posts are to be 2.5 metres apart, how many

posts are needed?

A. 35

B. 17

C. 15

D. 14 Q11,2001

6. The figure below is made up of two semi-circles joined by straight lines.

 

What is the perimeter of the figure? (Take п = 22/7)
A. 18 cm

B. 22 cm

C. 29 cm

D. 51 cm Q29,2001

7. A rectangular plot measuring 46 m by 38 m is to be fenced all round. If three strands of wire are to be used, what would be the total length of wire required in metres?
A. 168

B. 252

C. 504

D. 5 244 Q3,2002

8. The length of a rectangle is represented by the expression (2x + 8) cm and its width by the expression (x – 6) cm.

the rectangle?

A. 3 cm

B. 9 cm

C. 26 cm

D. 451/3 cm Q17,2002

9. Pupils in a school prepared a circular flower garden of diameter 28m. They dug holes each 4m apart along the circumference for planting flowers.

How many holes were dug? (Take π = ) A.154
B.88 C.11
D.22 Q33,2003

10. The figure below represents a vegetable garden bounded by two semi-circles, 5 m apart. The diameter of the larger semi-circle is 30 m.

What is the perimeter of the garden? (Take π = 3.14)

A. 78.50 m

B. 88.50 m

C. 83.50 m

D. 96.35 m Q22,2004

 

If the perimeter is 58 cm, what is the actual length
of

5m 5m

11.A square of side 2 cm is cut from each corner of a rectangular paper measuring 8 cm by 12 cm. Which one of the following statements is true?

13. The figure below represents a plot of land bounded by three straight edges and a semi-circle. Three strands of wire are used to fence the plot.

A. The perimeter of the remaining paper is greater than the perimeter of the rectangular paper by

150 m

150 m

16 cm.

B. The perimeter of the remaining paper is less than
the perimeter of the rectangular paper by 16 cm.

C. The perimeter of the rectangular paper is

reduced by 8 cm.

D. The perimeter of the remaining paper is equal
to

140 m

What is the length, in metres, of the wire used? (Take π = 22/7)
A 660

B 1 980

C 2 640

D 24 420 Q46 ,2007

the perimeter of the rectangular paper.

Q34, 2005

 

12. A rectangular plot of land measures 40m by 30m. There is a wall on one of the longer sides. Four strands of wire are to be used to fence the three
remaining sides of the plot. What length of wire is required?

A. 4 800 m

B. 560 m

C. 400 m

D. 100 m Q11,2006

14. A circular plot was fenced by two equal strands of wire whose total length was 440 m. What was the radius of the plot ? (Take π = 22/7)
A 17 1/2 m
B 35 m
C 70 m
D 140m Q37, 2008
15. The perimeter of a rectangular plot of land is 280

metres. The width of the plot is 60 metres. What is the length of the plot?
A. 70 m

B. 80 m

C. 110 m

D. 160 m Q12,2010

Area of triangles,quadrilaterals, circles, combined shapes and boarders
16. In the figure below, angle BAF is a right angle. Line CB ii parallel to EF and CB = EF =7cm. Line BA = 4cm and AF = 3cm. EDC is a semi-circle of diameter 5 cm.

What is the area of the figure in square centimeters? (Taken; = 3.14)
A. 50.8125
B. 56.8125
C. 60.6250
D. 80:2500 Q42,2000
17. A plot of land is in the shape of a right angled triangle. The length of the longest side measures
26 metres while one of the shorter sides measures
10 metres. What is the area of the plot in square metres?
A. 60
B. 120
C. 130
D. 240 Q45,2001
18. A plot of land is made up of a semi-circle and a rectangle measures 20m by 5m. what is the area of the plot?

(Take π = ) A.122m2 B.177m2 C.254m2
D.408m Q16, 2003

19. The two parallel sides of a trapezium measure 16cm and 12cm. the perpendicular distance between the parallel sides is 8cm What is the area of the trapezium?

A. 2cm2 B.768cm2 C.224cm2
D.160cm2 Q24,2003

20. The diagram below represents triangle EFG in which line FG = 15cm line EG = 17cm and angle EGF
= 90°?

 

E

 

 

 

 

F 15cm G

 

What is the area of the triangle?

A.60 cm2 B.68cm2 C.120cm2
D.127.5cm2 Q32,2003

21. The figure below shows a rectangular lawn ABCD in which AB = 12 m and AC = 15 m.

 

 

 

What is the area of the lawn? A. 180 m2
B. 108 m2

C. 54 m2

D. 36 m2 Q19, 2004

22. The figure below represents a quarter of a circle centre O. The radius of the circle is 7 cm.

 

 

 

 

 

What is the area of the shaded part? (Take п = 22/7 ) A. 24.5 cm2
B. 14 cm2

C. 28.5 cm2

D. 63 cm2 Q46,2004

23. The figure below is a trapezium. Lines HG = 11cm, GF = 5 cm, EF = 15 cm and HE = 3 cm. Line EF is parallel to HG and Angle FEH = angle EHG = 90⁰.

What is the area of the figure?

A. 78 cm2

B. 39 cm2

C. 65 cm2

D. 75 cm2 Q23,2005

24. The figure below represents a table mat made up of

a rectangle and four semi – circles. The rectangle measures 14 cm y 7 cm.

 

 

 

 

 

What is the area of the table mat? ( Take π = 22/7 )

A. 192 ½ cm2

B. 868 cm2

C. 290 ½ cm2

D. 194 ¼ cm2

Q43,2005

25. The figure shown below, is formed by two right- angled triangles ABD and BCD.

 

What is the area of the triangle BCD?

C 160 2/7

D 28 2/7 Q14,2007

28. The diagram below represents a flower garden.

10 m
What is the area of the flower garden in m2?

A. 300 cm2 A 36
B. 180 cm2 B 60
C. 84 cm2 C 65
D. 150 cm2 Q46,2005 D 120

26.A flower garden is made up of a semicircle of

diameter 14 m, a rectangle measuring 20 metres long and 14 metres wide and a quarter of a circle of radius 14 m.
What is the area of the flower garden in m2? (Take = 22/7 )
A. 742

B. 665

C. 511

D. 395½ Q46,2006

27.A lawn is in the form of a rectangle and two semicircles.

The rectangle is 22 m long and 6 m wide. The widths of the rectangle are also the diameters of the semicircles.
What is the area of the lawn in m2? (Take π = 22/7). A 2451/7
B 188 4/7

Q24, 2007

29. The diagram below represents a door which was painted on the outside.

 

 

 

m

 

 

What was the area painted, in square metres?

A 1.17

B 2.16

C 2.34

D 2.52 Q25, 2007

30. In a trapezium, the two parallel sides are 6 cm and 8 cm

long. The perpendicular distance between the parallel sides is 4 cm. What is the area of the trapezium?

A 24 cm2
B 28 cm2
C 32 cm2
D 56 cm2 Q16, 2008

31. The shaded figure below was obtained from a rectangular piece of paper from which a semicircle of diameter 14cm was removed and another semicircle of diameter 7 cm added.

 

What is the area of the shaded figure? (Take π = 22/7)
A 2291/4 cm2 B 3061/4 cm2 C 1521/4 cm2
D 1133/4 cm2 Q47 , 2008

32. What is the area of a square garden whose perimeter is 116 metres?

A. 29 m2

B. 58 m2

C. 841 m2

D. 3 364 m2 Q12, 2009

33 The figure below represents a vegetable garden consisting of a square and four semicircles each of

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is the area of the garden in square metres? (Take π = 22/7)
A. 69.6

B. 225

C. 252.72

D. 355.88 Q37, 2009

34.. In triangle PQR below, PQ = 8 cm, PM = MQ and
PR = RQ = 5cm.

 

What is the area of triangle PQR? A. 7 1/2 cm2
B. 6 cm2

C. 12 1/2 cm2

D. 12 cm2 Q43,2009

rectangle 25 cm long and 12 cm wide has the

same area as a triangle whose height is 10 cm.
What

is the length of the base of the triangle?

A. 15 cm

B. 30 cm

C. 60 cm

D. 300 cm Q32, 2010

36. The height of an isosceles triangle is 4 cm. Each of the two equal sides measures 5 cm. What is the area of the triangle?

A. 6 cm2

B. 12 cm2

C. 15 cm2

D. 24 cm2 Q38,2010

30. The perimeter of a rectangle is 24 cm. The length of the rectangle is 2 cm more than the width. What is the area of the rectangle?
A. 15 cm2

B. 20 cm2

C. 35 cm2

D. 143 cm2 Q41, 2010

WEIGHT,MASS,VOLUME
Surface area of cuboids ,cylinders, and triangular prisms
1. A cylinder which is open at one end has a radius of
6.3 cm and a height of 25 cm. What is the surface area of the cylinder in square centimeters?
{Take n = 22/7)
A. 1114.74 B. 1239.48
C. 3118.50 D. 619.74 Q17,2000
2. A closed cylindrical tank has a radius of 1.05 m and a height of 2 m. What is the surface area of the tank?

(Take π = 22/7)

A. 20.13 m2

B. 16.665 m2

C. 13.2 m2

D. 6.93 m2 Q38,2001

3. A closed cylindrical container has a radius of

1.4 cm and a height of 4 cm. What is its surface area in cm2? (Take π = 22/7 )
A. 47.52

B. 4.136

C. 24.64

D. 20.68 Q37,2002

 

4. An open cylinder has a radius of 3 cm and a height of 10 cm. What is the surface area?

(Take π = ) A.385cm2
A.220 cm2

C.258 1⁄2 cm2

D.297 cm2 Q41 ,2003

5. The area of the curved surface of a cylinder is 6160cm2. The height of the cylinder is 10 cm.
What is the radius of the cylinder in centimetres? (Take п = 22/7)
A. 98

B. 14

C. 196

D. 968 Q31,2004

6. The base of a closed cuboid measures 4 cm by 5 cm

and the height is 7 cm. The base and the top parts of the cuboid are painted. What is the total surface area of the parts which are not painted?

A. 166 cm2

B. 126 cm2

C. 63 cm2

D. 40 cm2 Q38, 2005

7. An open cylindrical tin of diameter 14 cm and

height 21 cm was painted on the outside. What was the area painted? (Take π = 22/7 )
A. 3 234 cm2

B. 2 464 cm2

C. 1 232 cm2

D. 1 078 cm2 Q34,2006

8. The volume of an open rectangular tank is 24.3 m3. The tank has a square base. The height of the tank is 2.7 metres. What is the surface area of the tank in square metres?

A 32.4
B 41.4
C 50.4
D 178.2 Q49,2007

9. An open cylindrical tin has a diameter of 14cm and a height of 10cm. What is the surface area of the tin
in

cm2? (Take π = 22/7) A. 1 540
B. 1 496

C. 748

D. 594 Q26,2008

10. The figure below represents a half of a cylindrical piece of wood of diameter 28 cm and a length of 30 cm.

 

What is the surface area of the solid in cm2? (Take π = 22/7)
A 4096

B. 2776

C. 2468

D. 1936 Q48,2010

Volume of cubes, cuboids and cylinders

11. A cylinder has a volume of 550 cm3. If the height of the cylinder is 7 cm, what is its diameter?

(Take π = 22/7)

A. 50 cm

B. 25 cm

C. 10 cm

D. 5 cm Q21,2002

12. A cylindrical block has a diameter of 14cm and a height of 10cm while, a rectangular block measures 15cm by 10cm by 5cm. What is the difference in their volumes?

(Take π = ) A.310cm3 B.790cm3
C.2 290cm3

D.5 410cm3 Q37,2003

13. One cuboid measures 2 m by 4 m by 3 m. Another cuboid measures 10 cm by 8 cm by 5 cm.
What is the difference in their volumes in cubic metres?
A. 23.6
B. 23.96
C. 23.996
D. 23.9996 Q44, 2004
14. What is the volume, in cm3, of a cylinder whose
diameter is 14 cm and height 10 cm? (Take π = 22/7) A. 6 160
B. 1 540
C. 748
D. 440 Q24,2006

15. What is the volume of a cylindrical tank of diameter 5 m and height 6 m? (Take π = 22/7).
A. 471 3/7 m3 B . 133 4/7 m3 C . 117 6/7 m3 D 94 2/7 m3

C 50
D 60 Q41,2007
17. A cylindrical solid of height 20 cm and radius 7 cm is cut into two equal parts along the diameter. What is the volume of each part in cm3? (Take π =
22/7)

A 3 080
B 440
C 1 540
D 385 Q33,2007
18. A rectangular container is 80 cm long, 50 cm wide and 40 cm high. The container is filled with water to a level 30 cm high. What is the volume of the empty space in the container?

A. 180 000 cm3

B. 160 000 cm3

C. 120 000 cm3

D. 40 000 cm3 Q29, 2009

19. How many blocks can he used to make the pile shown in the diagram below?

A. 63

B. 60

C. 54

D. 36

Q5, 2007
16. How many more cubes are needed to fill the box below?

 

 

A 10
B 22

Capacity of cubes,cuboids and cylinder
20. Boxes measuring 10cm by 6cm by 4 cm were to be packed in a carton measuring 1.5m by 1m by 0.4m. How many boxes were needed to fill the carton?
A. 25000 B. 2500
C. 250 D. 25 Q16,2000
21. A family consumes 6 litres of milk every day. How

many litres altogether did the family consume in the months of March, April and May?

A. 540 l

B. 546 l

C. 552 l

D. 558 l Q33,2002

22. One hundred and twenty litres of juice is packed in two decilitre packets. How many packets are needed?
A. 60

B. 600

C. 6000

D. 60000 Q15,2004

23. A sales lady had 2 240 liters of juice which she packed in 500 ml and 250 ml packets. Three – quarters of the juice was packed in 500 ml packets and the rest in 250 ml packets. What was the total number of packets used?

A. 56

B. 560

C. 5600

D. 56000 Q40,2009

Relationship between capacity and volume

24..A rectangular water tank is 6 metres long, 4 metres wide and 3 metres high. How many litres of water does the tank hold when full?
A. 721

B. 7,200/
C. 72,000/
D. 72,000,000/ Q3,2000
25. A shopkeeper bought 10 cartons of milk. A carton had 72 packets each of 500 ml.
How many litres of milk were bought by the shopkeeper?
A. 360 000 l

B. 36 000 l

C. 3 600 l

D. 360 l Q7,2001

26. A rectangular tank is filled with 6 000 litres of water. The base area of the tank is 30 000 square centimetres. What is the height of the tank in metres?

A. 0.2

B. 2

C. 20

D. 200 Q31,2001

27. A circular tank of radius 1.4 metres and height 2 metres is full of water. How much water, in litres, is in the tank?
(Take п = 22/7) A. 17 600
B. 12 320

C. 6 160

D. 12.32 Q44,2001

 

28. A cylindrical tank of diameter 1.4 m and a height of

1.6 m is 3/4 full of water. How many more litres are needed to fill it?

K.C.P.E REVISION 32

(Take п = 22/7) A. 2 464 l
B. 1 848 l

C. 1 760 l

D. 616 l Q42,2002

29. A rectangular container measures 75cm by 50 cm by 1m. What is the capacity of the container in litres?

A.3750 l

B.375 l

C.37.5 l

D.3.75 l Q13, 2003

30. A container of volume 1 cubic metre is full of juice. The juice is then poured into five-litre containers How many such containers are used?
A. 2
B. 200
C. 2000
D. 200 000 Q12, 2005

31. A rectangular container 45 cm long and 25 cm wide was full of water. After removing 22.5 litres of the water, the level of water became 4 cm high. What was the height of the container?

A. 24 cm

B. 20 cm

C. 16 cm

D. 6 cm Q24, 2005

32.A cylindrical container has an internal radius of 7 cm and a height of 5 cm. What is its capacity in litres?
(Take π = 22/7) A 0.77
B 7.7

C 77

D 770 Q27, 2007

33. What is the capacity of a container which measures1.5 m

by 1.0 m by 0.5 m in litres? A 7 500
B 750

C 75

D 7.5 Q9, 2008

34. A rectangular tank whose base measures 1.2 m by 80 cm contains water to a height of 1.5 m. How much water, in litres, is in the tank?

A. 14.4

B. 144

C. 1 440

D. 14 400 Q36,2008

35. A cylindrical tank of diameter 105 cm contains
litres of water. What is the height of the water in the tank?

(Take π = 22/7)

A. 5.6 cm

B. 56 cm

C. 224 cm

D. 1470 cm. Q49,
2009

36. A rectangular container is 2 m long, 0.9 m wide and 2.5 m high. The container has water to a
height of 1.5 m. How much more water in litres is needed to fill the container?

A. 1 800

B. 2 700

C. 4 500

D. 1 000 Q17, 2010

37. A rectangular water tank whose base is 1.5 m by
0.5 m is to be filled with water using 50 litre

containers. How many such containers will be required to fill the tank to a height of 1 metre?

A. 15

B. 1.5

C. 150

D. 1500 Q45, 2010

 

MONEY
Working out problems involving conversion of units of mass, grams,kg and tones
38. Kiprono hired two Mikokoteni to transport items to his kiosk in the market. Each Mkokoteni carried the following items:
1 bag of onions weighing 141.7 kg;
2 bags of fresh peas each weighing 51.3 kg;
3 bags of green maize each weighing 114.6 kg.

What was the total weight, in kilograms of all the items transported?
A. 1176.2
B. 615.2
C. 307.6
D. 588.1
Q25,2000
39. Three factories Buka, Sakono and Rama produce sugar in one hundred kilogramme bags daily. Buka produces three times as much as Rama. Sakono produced two times as much as Rama.
If Sakono produces 500 bags, how many tonnes altogether do the three factories produce daily?
A. 50

B. 75

C. 150

D. 300 Q25,2001

40. An empty box weighed 2.5 kg. Kombe packed books in the box until the total weight was 9.5 kg. If each book weighed 250 g, how many books were packed?
A. 10

B. 28

C. 38

D. 280 Q4,2002

41. A shopkeeper bought cooking fat in 30 one kilogram packets and 20 five hundred packets. She repacked the fat in packets of 125 grams each. How many packets did she get?

A.400 B.320 C.104
D. 32 Q20,2003

42. A company sold 2.5 tonnes of rice in 2-kg packets. How many packets were sold?
A. 125

B. 1 250

C. 2 500

D. 5 000 Q7,2004

43. A bag of sugar weighed 108.5 kg. Mwangi bought

16 bags. He then removed 0.3 kg of sugar from each

bag. What total weight of sugar remained?

A. 1736 kg

B. 108.2 kg

C. 1731.2 kg

D. 1735.7 kg Q13,2004

44.. A machine packs 250 two – kilogram packets of sugar
while another packs 375 one-kilogram packets each

day. How many tonnes of sugar altogether, do the two

machines pack in five days? A. 0.875
B. 3.125

C. 4.375

D. 6.25 Q33,2005

45.A pick-up whose mass is one tonne when empty was loaded with 40 bags of sugar each weighing 50 kg and three bags of maize each weighing 65 kg. What was the total mass, in tonnes, of the loaded pick-up?
A. 3.195
B. 3.065
C. 3.0
D. 2.195 Q38,2006
46. A lorry has mass of 7 .7 tonnes when loaded with 75 bags of rice. There are 33 bags each with mass of 85 kg and the rest have mass of 45 kg each. What is the mass of the lorry, in tonnes, when empty?

A 3.005

B 4.695

C 4.850

D 12.395 Q34,2007

47. John bought 50 kg of sugar which he packed in packets as follows:
One quarter of the sugar in 125 g packets; One half of the sugar in 250 g packets; The remainder in 500 g packets.
How many packets, altogether, of sugar did he get? A 225

B 100
C 125
D 2 250 Q46,2007
48. A storekeeper donated 5 tonnes of sugar to families in a village. Each family received 2.5 kg of sugar. How many families benefited?
A. 20 000
B. 2 000
C. 200
D. 20 Q3,2009
49. A pickup truck was loaded with 4 cartons of fat and
60 bales of flour. Each carton contained twenty four 250 g packets of fat. The mass of each carton empty carton was 500 g. Each bale contained twelve 2 kg packets of flour. What is the total load, in tonnes

A. 1466

B. 146.6

C. 14.66

D. 1.466 Q26,2010

Profit and mass
50. Florence brought 18 bags of fruits at sh.300 per bag. She spent sh.700 on transport. The fruits in two bags got spoilt and sold the rest at sh.520 per bag. How much profit did she make?

A.Sh.8 320

B..sh.3 260

C.sh.2 920

D.sh.2 220 Q4,2003

51. Mula sold an item for sh 9 900 and made a loss of 10%. What was the cost price of the item?

A. sh 11 000

B. sh 9 910

C. sh 9 000

D. sh 8 910 Q18,2006

52. A shopkeeper spent sh 880 to buy 16 plates and then sold them making a profit of 20%. For how much did the shopkeeper sell each plate?
A sh 44
B sh 55
C. sh 66
D. sh 1 056 Q15,2008
53. If a shopkeeper sells a basin for sh 72, he would make a loss of 10%. At what price must he sell the basin so that he makes a profit of 20%?
A. sh 96

B. sh 86.40

C. sh 80

D. sh 79.20 Q16, 2009

 

Percentage profit and loss
54. A fruit vendor spent sh. 160 to buy 28 bananas, 60 tomatoes and 14 oranges. He paid sh. 40 for transport. During the transportation, 9 tomatoes and 1 banana got spoilt. He then sold the remaining fruits as follows: 1 banana for sh. 3 3 tomatoes for sh. 5 1 orange for sh. 6

What was the percentage profit? A. 56%%’
B. 34%
C. 25%
D. 20% Q37,2000
55. Kantai bought 200 chicken whose average weight was 1.5 kg. The buying price per kilogram was
sh. 150. He then sold each chicken for sh. 250. What percentage profit, to the nearest whole number, did he make?
A. 10%

B. 11%

C. 67%

D. 90% Q41,2001

56.A shopkeeper bought 5 trays of eggs at sh 120 per tray. Ten eggs broke and she sold the rest at sh 6 per egg.

If a tray holds 30 eggs, what percentage profit did she make?

A. 50%

B. 40%

C. 28 4/7%

D. 240% Q41, 2004

57. Mambo took 30 minutes to cycle from home to the market at an average speed of 5 metres per second. After staying at the market for 20 minutes, he cycled back and took 25 minutes to reach home.

What was the average speed, in metres per second,
for the whole journey?

A. 5 5/11 metres per second

B. 4 metres per second

C. 2 metres per second

D. 6 metres per second Q45, 2004

58. A shopkeeper bought 30 eggs. He then sold each egg at sh 6, making a profit of 20%. How much had he paid for the eggs?

A. sh 144

B. sh 150

C. sh 180

D. sh 216 Q5,2005

K.C.P.E REVISION 36

59. There is a 25% loss when an article is sold at

sh 225. At what price should it be sold in order to make a profit of 5%?
A sh 315.00

B sh 300.00

C sh 295.31

D sh 236.25 Q39,2007

60. Kamau bought a piece of land for 2 million shillings. He subdivided it into 25 plots of equal area. He then sold all the plots and made a 20% profit. What was the selling price for each plot?
A. sh 400 000
B. sh 96 000
C. sh 80 000
D. sh 16 000 Q27,2010

Bills
61. Wangui bought the following items from a shop; 2kg cooking fat @ sh. 100 2 loaves of bread @ sh.20 2kg packet of unga for sh. 55; 1/2 kg tea leaves for sh. 100
What balance did she receive from the shopkeeper if she gave a sh. 500 note?
A. Sh. 395
B. Sh. 100
C. Sh. 225
D. Sh. 105 Q26,2000
62. Atieno bought

2 kg meat @ sh. 135,

1 kg sugar for sh. 48, 3 kg rice @ sh. 42 and 1/2 kg salt for sh. 12.
She paid for the items with a sh. 500 note. What balance did she get?
A. sh. 456
B. sh. 263
C. sh. 50

D. sh. 44 Q37,2001
63. Peter bought the following items from a shop:

3 rolls of toilet paper @ sh 17

3/4 of salt @ sh 30 per kg

2 kg packet of rice for sh 70 2 bottles of juice @ sh 70
What balance did he receive if he paid for the items using a sh 500 note?
A. sh 313.00

B. sh 283.50

C. sh 216.50

D. sh 146.50 Q7,2002
64. Wasilwa bought the following items from a shop:
6kg of sugar @ sh 45∙00 1⁄2 kg of tea for sh 90∙00 3 kg of rice @ sh 30∙00
2 kg of cooking fat @ sh 70∙00

If he used a one thousand shillings note to pay for the items, what balance should he receive?
A. sh 410

B. sh 455

C. sh 590

D.sh 765 Q5, 2003

65. Musa bought the following items from a kiosk:

3 kg of tomatoes @ sh 25

1/2 kg of onions @ sh 30

2 kg packet of maize flour for sh 38

1/2 kg of sugar @ sh 44

He paid for the items using a sh 200 note. How much balance did he get?

A. sh 50

B. sh 150

C. sh 63

D. sh 12 Q16, 2004

shopkeeper bought sodas as follows:

Two crates of 300 ml @ sh 415 Three crates of 500 ml @ sh 563 Five crates of one litre @ sh 415.

He then spent sh 50 on transport.

If he had five thousand shillings, how much money did he remain with?
A. sh 356

B. sh 406

C. sh 3 557

D. sh 4 644 Q48, 2004

 

67. Katua bought the following items from a kiosk:

2kg of rice for sh 152 1 ½ of meat @ sh 160
2 loaves of bread @ sh 23

 

What balance did he receive if he paid for the items using a sh 1000 note?
A. sh 438

B. sh 562

C. sh 410

D. sh 665 Q8,2005

68. Mukami had 135 two hundred shillings notes which

she changed as follows:

sh 21 000 into one thousand shillings notes sh 3 000 into five hundred shillings notes
sh 2 000 into one hundred shillings notes and

the remaining amount of money into fifty shillings notes.
How many notes did she get altogether?

A. 67

B. 54

C. 47

D. 20 Q14,2006

69. Samira bought the following items: Five half-litre packets of milk @ sh 30 Two crates of soda @ sh 320
Twenty five loaves of bread @ sh 23 A bottle of water for sh 25
If she had sh 2000, how much money did she remain with?
A. sh 1 602

B. sh 1 390

C. sh 635

D. sh 610 Q28,2006

 

70. Mariam bought the following items:

3 kg flour @ sh 55

2 kg packet of sugar for sh 115 2 bars of soap @ sh 42
3 litres of milk @ sh 25

1 1/2 litres of kerosene @ sh 45

If she gave the shopkeeper a sh 1 000 note, how much balance did she receive?

A sh 378.50

B sh 493.50

C sh 718.00

D sh 506.50 Q7,2007

71. Mwende bought the following items to make a dress:

5 players each took ugali with chicken 3 players each took chips with fish
The remaining players each took rice with beef

Musa gave a one-thousand shilling note to pay for the lunch of all the players.

What balance did he get?

A. sh 55

B. sh 115

2 1/2m of dress material @ sh 275 6 buttons @ sh 7.50 Three reels of thread for sh 70
She also paid sh 450 for making the dress. If she had sh 1 500, how much money was she left with?
A sh 247.50

B sh 1 252.50

C sh 107.50

D sh 697.50 Q39, 2008

 

72. A team of eleven players took lunch in a hotel, which offered food prices as shown in the table below.

C. sh 310

D. sh 885 Q30,2009

 

73. Teckla bought the following items from a shop.

3 kg of sugar @ sh 68

250 g of tea leaves for sh 85 2 bars of soap @ sh 38
1 kg of cooking fat for sh 109 2 kg parket of rice for sh 149.

Teckla paid for the items using a sh 1 000 note. How much balance did she receive?
A. sh 228

B. sh 377

C. sh 551

D. sh 623 Q6,2010

Commissions and percentages commissions

74. A salesperson earns a salary of sh. 2000 plus a 5% commission on sales above sh. 10, 000. In one month the Salesperson sold goods worth sh. 25, 000. How much money did the salesperson receive that month?
A. sh.3250
B. sh. 2750
C. sh.2500 Q43,2000
75. A dealer paid sh. 15 000 to an agent as commission for the sale of a car. The commission was 2% of the price.
How much money did the dealer remain with from the sale of the car?

 

 

Q26,2001

76. In one month an agent sold 5 plots at sh 250 000.
She

charged a 5% commission for the sale of plots and paid 15% of the commission to her workers.
How much money did she remain with? A. sh 53 125
B. sh 9 375

C. sh 6 250

D. sh 10 625 Q25,2002

77. A sales lady earns a basic salary of sh. 10 000, she is also paid a commission. In one month she sold items worth sh. 40 000 and earned a total of sh. 4 900. What was the commission?

A.21⁄4%

B. 3%

C.16 1⁄3%

D.221⁄2 % Q29,2003

78. A saleswoman was paid a monthly salary of sh 9000. She was also paid a commission of 10% for all the goods she sold above sh 10 000. In one month she sold goods worth sh 25 000.

What did she earn at the end of that month? A. sh 11 500
B. sh 12 500

C. sh 10 500

D. sh 1 500 Q26, 2004

79. A salesman is paid a salary of sh 1500 per month

plus a commission of 2 1/2% on the sale of goods above sh 10 000. In one month he was paid a total of sh 1 800. How much was the sale of the goods?

A. sh 300

B. sh 12 000

C. sh 22 000

D. sh 82 000 Q35 ,2005

80.. Asha and Musa are salespersons employed by two different companies. Asha’s company pays her a monthly salary of sh 1 500 and a 2½% commission on goods she sells above sh 10 000.

Musa’s company only gives him a 6% commission on all goods he sells.
On a certain month Asha and Musa each sold goods worth sh 40 000. How much more money was Musa paid than Asha?
A. sh 2 400

B. sh 2 250

C. sh 900

D. sh 150 Q36,2006

81. A saleslady earns a salary of sh 25 000 per month. She also gets a 4% commission on goods sold above a total of sh 150 000. In one month she sold goods worth

sh 350 000. How much money altogether did she earn that month?
A. sh 8 000

B. sh 39 000

C. sh 31 000

D. sh 33 000
Q13,2008

82. Sera sells goods for a company. She is paid a salary of sh 84 000 per month plus a commission of 20% for the sale of goods worth above sh 10 000. In one month her total earnings were sh 150 000. What was the value of the goods she sold?

A. sh 760 000

B. sh 340 000

C. sh 330 000

D. sh 244 000
Q33,2009

 

83. A salesman is paid a salary of sh 5 000 per month. He is also paid a 2.5% commission on the sales above sh 100 000.

If the salesman sold goods worth sh 500 000 in a certain month. What was his total earnings?

A sh 10 000

B. sh 12 500

C. sh 15 000

D. sh 17 500 Q34,2010

Discounts and percentage discounts
84. The price of a radio was reduced by sh. 630. This represented a 30% discount. What was the price of the radio after the discount?
A. sh. 441
B. sh. 1470
C. sh. 2100
D. sh. 2730 Q19,2000
85. Ali paid sh. 3700 for a radio after getting a discount of 7 1/2%. How much more would he have paid had he been given a discount of 5%?
A. sh. 100

B. sh. 200

C. sh. 3800

D. sh. 4000 Q33,2001

 

86. Olwena bought goods worth sh 450 from a shop. He gave the shopkeeper a sh 1 000 note and was given a balance of sh 600.
What percentage discount was he allowed for the goods bought?
A. 11 1/9%

B. 12 1/2%

C. 50%

D. 88 8/9% Q39,2002

87. Amina paid sh. 24 000 for a TV set after getting a 20% discount. What was the marked price of the TV set?

A.Sh. 30 000

B.Sh. 28 800

C.Sh. 19200

D.Sh. 20 000 Q26,2003

88. The marked price of an article was sh 300. Ali paid sh 260 for the article after being given a discount. What percentage discount did he get?

A. 862/3%

B. 40%

C. 15 5/ %

D. 13 1/3% Q21,2004.

89. The marked price of a blouse was sh. 750. Halima bought five such blouses after being given a 10% discount. How much did she pay for the five blouses?

A. sh 3675

B. sh 675

C. sh 3375

D. sh 3700 Q7,2005

65. Onyango paid sh 950 for an item after getting a

discount of sh 50. What percentage discount did he get?

A. 5%

B. 55/9%

C. 55/19%

D. 95% Q26,2006

90.. Karim paid sh 950 for an item after getting a discount of 5%. What would have been the percentage discount, if Karim had paid sh 925 for the item?

blouse,what was the marked price for the shirt? A sh 324
B sh 360

C sh 396

D sh 400 Q45,2008

92. Matu paid sh 7 600 for a radio after getting a 5%, discount on the marked price. How much would he have paid if he had been given a 15% discount?

A. sh 8 000

B. sh 6 800

C. sh 6 480

D. sh 6 460 Q25,2009

 

93. Tumbo paid sh 10 200 for a cupboard after getting a discount of 15%. What was the marked price of thecupboard?
A. sh 1 530

B. sh 8 670

C. sh 11730

D. sh 12 000 Q15,2010

Hire purchase
94. The hire purchase terms of a cupboard is a deposit of sh. 4 400 and six monthly installments of sh. 900

A 2 12/

19%

each. The hire purchase is 175% of the cost price while the cash price is 25% more than the cost price.

B 7 1/2%

C 7 17/19%

What is the cash price of the cupboard? A.Sh. 9 800

D 8 4/

% Q44,2007

37
91. Juma bought a blouse and a shirt from a shop which allowed a 10% discount on the marked price of each item.
He paid a total of sh 630, If he paid sh 270 for the

B.Sh. 5 600

C.Sh. 7 840

D.Sh. 7 000 Q49,3003

95. The cash price of a tractor is 1.8 million shillings. Rotich bought it on hire purchase terms. The total amount he paid was 30% more than the cash price.
He paid a deposit of

sh 660 000 and the remainder in 24 equal monthly instalments. How much was each instalment?
A. sh 70 000

B. sh 97 500

C. sh 47 500

D. sh 25 000 Q44,2004

 

96. The hire purchase price for a wall cabinet is 25% more than the cash price. Kalulu bought the cabinet on hire purchase terms by paying a de posit of Sh 13 200 and the remaining amount in 12 equal monthly instalments. If the cash price was sh 24 000, how much was each

monthly instalment?

A. sh 400

B. sh 900

C. sh 1 400

D. sh 2 500 Q45,2006

97. The hire purchase price of a cupboard was 25% more than the marked price. Karani bought the cupboard on hire purchase terms.

He paid a deposit of sh 2 000 and eight equal monthly installments of sh 650. What was the marked price of the cupboard?

A sh 4 160

B sh 5 400

C sh 5 760

D sh 9 000 Q32,2007

98. Mary bought a T.V set on higher purchase terms. She paid a deposit of sh. 800 and 15 equal monthly instalments of sh. 700 each. The higher purchase price was 25% higher than the cash price. Amina bought the same type of T.V set on cash. How much more than Amina did Mary pay for the T.V set?

A. sh. 2 260

B. sh. 2 825

C. sh. 9 040

D. sh. 11 300
Q42,2009.

99. The cash price of a radio was sh 4 500. The hire purchase price of the radio was 60% more than the cash price. Muya bought the radio on hire purchase terms. He paid a deposit and 12 equal monthly instalments of sh 540 each. How much did he pay as deposit?

A. sh 720

B. sh 6 480

C. sh 6 660

D. sh 7 200 Q31,2010

100. The cash price of a bed is sh. 11 700. The hire purchase price is 20% more than the cash price. Mbugua bought a bed on hire purchase terms. He paid a deposit of sh. 2808 and 12 equal monthly installments. How much was each monthly installment?
A. sh. 1404
B. sh 1170
C. sh 936
D. sh. 546 Q30,2000
101. Mwamburi bought a T.V. set on hire purchase terms. He paid a deposit of sh. 2000. The remaining amount was paid in 5 equal monthly instalments. He paid a total of sh. 9200. How much was each monthly instalment?

A. sh. 2240

B. sh. 1840

C. sh. 1440

D. sh. 400 Q13,2001

102. Kazungu bought a radio on hire purchase terms. He paid a deposit of sh 900 and 9 equal monthly

instalments of sh 300. The hire purchase price was 20% more than the marked price.
What was the marked price of the radio?

A. sh 720

B. sh 2 880

C. sh 3 000

D. sh 3 600 Q16,2002

 

Simple interest
103.

Q48,2000

104. Asha deposited sh. 4800 in a bank which paid interest at the rate of 12% p.a. How much did she have in the bank after six months?

A. sh. 288

B. sh. 5088

C. sh. 5376

D. sh. 8256 Q28,2002

105. Sotsi borrowed sh 20 000 from a money lender at a
simple interest rate of 5% per month. How much did he pay back altogether at the end of one year?

A. Sh 32 000

B. Sh 21 000

C. Sh 20 060

D. Sh 12 000 Q7 ,2006

106. Janet borrowed some money at a simple interest of 12% p.a. After 18 months, she had paid a total interest of sh 5 400. How much money had she paid altogether?

A sh 35 400

B sh 30 000

C sh 24 600

D sh 7 900 Q50,2007

107. Maloba deposited sh 8 000 in a financial institution that paid simple interest. At the end of 3 years this money had amounted to sh 9 200. At what rate per annum was the simple interest awarded?

A. 5 %

B. 15 %

C. 38 1/2 %

D. 4 8/23 % Q7,2009

108. Irimu deposited sh 10 000 in a financial institution that offered simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum. Ndege deposited sh 10 000 in a bank that offered compound interest at the rate of 5% per annum. How much more interest had Ndege’s money earned than Irimu’s after 2 years?

A. sh 25

B. sh 1 000

C. sh 1 025

D. sh 2 025 Q29,2010

Compound interest
109. Maria agreed to loan Luvisia sh 10 000 at a compound interest of 15% per annum. How much money altogether did Luvisia pay Maria after two years?
A. sh 13 225
B. sh 13 000
C. sh 11 500
D. sh 3 225 Q8,2002

110. Jane deposited sh. 1 000 in a bank that paid compound interest at the rate of 12% p.a. How much money was in her account at the end of two years?

A.Sh. 2 508.80

B. sh. 2 480

C.sh. 2 240

D.sh. 508. Q34,2003

111. Asha was given a loan of sh 48 000. She repaid the loan after two years with compound interest at the rate of 25% p.a.

How much money did she pay altogether? A. sh 60 000
B. sh 63 000

C. sh 72 000

D. sh 75 000 Q23,2004

 

112. Waithera borrowed sh 10 000 for a period of two years. She was charged compound interest at the rate of 15% per year. How much interest did she pay altogether?

A. sh. 1 500

B. sh. 3 000

C sh. 3 225

D. sh . 1 725 Q42,2005

113. Mwasi borrowed sh 50 000 from a bank that charged compound interest at the rate of 25% p.a. How much should he pay the bank at the end of two years?

A. sh78 125

B. sh 75 000

C. sh 62 500

D. sh28 125 Q23,2008

114. Irimu deposited sh 10 000 in a financial institution

that offered simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum. Ndege deposited sh 10 000 in a bank that offered compound interest at the rate of 5% per annum. How much more interest had Ndege’s money earned than Irimu’s after 2 years?

A. sh 25

B. sh 1 000

C. sh 1 025

D. sh 2 025 Q29,2010

POSTAL CHARGES
Inland and international postal charges

115.

Q46,2000

116. The table below shows the rates for sending letters and post cards through a post office in 1998.

Type of Article Weight Charge

shs. cts.
Letters Not over 20 g

„ 50 g

„ 100 g

„ 250 g

„ 500 g

„ 1kg

„ 2kg 14 00
(Limit of weight 2 17 00
kg) 18 00
28 • 00
46 • 00
75 • 00
110 00
Post cards Each 12 – 00

Amina sent the following letters and post cards: Three letters each weighing 49 g
One letter weighing 150 g Five letters each weighing 800 g
One letter weighing 1.5 kg Q40,2001

 

 

117. The table below shows the cost in shillings of
sending parcels through the post office.

Asif sent one parcel weighing 2 kg to Africa and another weighing 3 kg 600 g to Near East.

How

much did he spend?

A. sh 3075

B. sh 1335 C sh 3030
D. sh 2380

Q18,2004

 

 

 

 

Surface Mail
Type of Article Weight steps East African Zone The rest of Africa Zone Europe, Middle & Near East Australia,

America & Far East
LETTERS Sh cts Sh cts Sh cts Sh cts
Max. weight 2kg
40 00 45 00 50 00 60 00
Up to 20 g 80 00 90 00 51 00 130 00
Over 20 g to 100 g
135
00 160 00 52 00 131 00
Over 100 g to 250 136 00 161 00 53 00 132 00
g 400 00 162 00 54 00 133 00
Over 250 g to 500 g 650 00 760 00 860 00 1 095 00
Over 500 g to 1k g
Over 1k g to2 k
g
POSTCARDS Standard size 20 00 20 00 25 00 35 00
Large size 40 00 45 00 50 00 70 00

118. The table below shows the rates of sending letters and postcards through a post office in year 2004.

Makena sent the following letters and postcards: Two letters each weighing 21 g; one to
Tanzania and another to Australia. Four letters each weighing 280 g;
one to Europe, two to America and one to Nigeria. Three large postcards; one to Australia, one to Far East and one to America.
How much did she pay for postage altogether?

A sh 1 840.00

B sh 1 730.00

C sh 1 820.00

How much money did he pay at the post office altogether?

A. Sh. 736

B.sh. 27 500

C.sh. 28 236

D.sh. 28 117

Money and postal orders
120.The table below shows the postal rates for sending a money order.

D sh 1 430.00

Q48,2007

119.The table below shows the postal rates for sending money order

 

VALUE OF ORDER IN
sh COMMISSION
Not exceeding 500 Sh. 42
501-1 000 Sh. 114
1 001-3 000 Sh. 174
3 001-5 000 Sh. 209
5 001-10 000 Sh. 295
10 001-20 000 Sh. 441
20 001-30 000 Sh. 617

Mambo sent two money orders, one for sh. 17 500 and the other sh. 10 000.

 

 

 

 

School fees for two children in the same school was

sh 9 400 and sh 11 800. The father bought one money order to pay the total amount of fees. How much more would he have spent had he bought two separate money orders for the fees?

A. sh 119

B. sh 146

C. sh 736

D. sh 617 Q20, 2005

121. The following table shows the commission charged

when one buys postal orders.

 

VALUE OF ORDER

(sh) COMMISSION

(sh)
100.00 11.00
200.00 12.00
300.00 23.00
400.00 39.00

Wangeci wanted to send sh 700 by postal orders. Which one of the postal order combinations given below should she buy in order to pay the least commission?
A. sh 400 + sh 300

B. sh 400 + sh 100 + sh 100 + sh 100

C. sh 300 + sh 300 + sh 100

D. sh 200 + sh 200 + sh 200 + sh 100 Q33,
2007

 

Writing telegrams and working out telegram charges
122. The charges for sending an inland telegram were as follows:
The first 10 words or part thereof sh. 10. All extra words sh. 1 each.
A commission of 15% on the total was charged.

What was the cost of sending the following telegram?
GAD KILOVI BOX 200 MALABA COME NAKURU URGENTLY NEKESA
A. sh. 12.65

B. sh. 11.50

C. sh. 10.35

D. sh. 10 Q16,2001

123. The telegram charges were sh 13.50 for the first 10
words. Every additional word was charged sh 2.75.

The total amount was then rounded up to the nearest

fifty cents. Otieno sent the following telegram:

 

PAUL OCHIENG BOX 120 OYUGIS

GO VISIT ATIENO BOARDING SCHOOL KISII THIRD OCTOBER
OTIENO PETER

 

How much did he pay for it? A. sh 14.00
B. sh 16.50

C. sh 27.00

D. sh 27.50 Q48,2002

124. The charges for sending a telegram were as follows:

The first 10 words or less sh 15. Any additional words sh 1. 50 each.

K.C.P.E REVISION 49

Abbreviations and punctuation marks are counted as words.
A tax of 20% is charged on the amount.

The total amount to be paid is rounded off to the

nearest 50 cents. What was the cost of sending the following telegram?
JOHN MLAMA P.O. BOX 360 NYERI GOING TO KISUMU AFTER THE EXAMINATION KOIGI
A. sh 25

B. sh 24

C. sh 28.80

D. sh 29.00 Q30, 2005

TIME AND SPEED
Operations involving units of time

1. A motorist left home at 10:00 am and travelled to Nairobi, a distance of 225 km. He traveled at an average speed of 90 km/h. At what time did he reach Nairobi?

A. 12:30 p.m.
B. 12:50 p.m.
C. 2:30 p.m.
D. 12:30 a.m. Q27,2000
3. A plane left Nairobi at 23 50 hr on Monday and took 1 hr 45 minutes to reach Mombasa where it stopped for 50 minutes. It then left Mombasa and took 40 minutes to reach Zanzibar.At what time in a.m/pm system did it reach Zanzibar?

A. 2.15a.m.
B. 3.05 a.m.
C. 2.15a.m.
D. 3.05p.m.
Q34,2000
4. Oloo slept at 2315h on Sunday and woke up six hours later. On what day and time did he wake up?
A. Sunday 5∙15 am
B. Monday 5∙15 pm
C. Monday 5∙15 am
D. Sunday 5∙15 pm Q10,2003

5. A clock gains 12.5 seconds every hour. If it was set correctly at 8.00 am Sunday, what time will it show when the correct time is 8.00 am on Thursday?

A.8.25 am

B.8.20 am

C.8.05 am

D.8.10 am Q38,2003

6. A bus left Migori town for Nairobi at 19 00 h. It arrived in Nairobi 9 hours later. At what time did the bus arrive in Nairobi?

A. 3.00 p.m.

B. 3.00 a.m.

C. 4.00 p.m.

D. 4.00 a.m. Q33,2004

7. A clock was set on Monday at 8.30 a.m. On Tuesday, the following day, the clock showed
8.45 p.m. when the correct time was 8.30 p.m. How many minutes was the clock gaining in every 24 hours?

A. 10 minutes

B. 7 ½ minutes

C. 15 minutes

D. 30 minutes Q37,2005

8. A motorist started on a journey of 250 km at 6.30
a.m. travelling at an average speed of 100 km/h. After travelling for 150 km, the car got a puncture and it took him 30 minutes to change the wheel. He then continued with the rest of the journey at an average speed of 80 km/h. At what time did he reach his destination?

A. 9.15 a.m.

B. 9.45 a.m.

C. 9.30 a.m.

D. 9.55 a.m.

Q40,2005

9. An aeroplane left town F at 22 30 h on Monday. It took 8 ¾ hours to reach town K. When did it reach town K?
A. Tuesday 7.15 a.m.

B. Tuesday 7.15 p.m.

C. Monday 7.15 a.m.

D. Monday 7.15 p.m.
Q22,2006

10. Juma slept at 2130 h. After sleeping for 8 h 45 min he woke up. At what time, in am/pm, did he wake up?
A. 6.15 am
B. 12.15 pm
C. 12.15 am
D. 6.15 pm Q13,2009
11. A small aircraft took 6 hours 30 minutes to travel from Pretoria to Mombasa. It reached Mombasa at 04 00 h on Wednesday. At what time and day did it depart from Pretoria?
A 09 30 h on Wednesday
B 09 30 h on Tuesday
C 21 30 h on Wednesday
D 21 30 h on Tuesday Q23,2007
12. How many days are there between 15th July and 15th September?
A. 60
B. 61
C. 62
D. 63 Q3,2010
13. A cyclist took 15 minutes to travel from his home to town at a speed of 18 km/h. He took 24 minutes to travel back from town to his home. What was his speed, in km/h, from town to his home?

A. 1 4/5

B. 4 1/2

C. 11 1/4

D. 14 8/13 Q42,2010

14.. A watch loses 30 seconds every hour. If the watch was set right on Sunday at 11.30 p.m. What day and time did it show after 10 hours?

A. Monday 9. 25 a.m.

B. Monday 9. 30 a.m.

C. Monday 9. 35 a.m

D. Monday 9. 25 p.m.
Q46,2010

Air flight, Bus Train. Tables involving time fare and distance
15. In the year 2000, February 19th was a Saturday.
What day was March 6th the same year?
A. Sunday
B. Monday
C. Tuesday
D. Wednesday Q14,2000
16. The table below represents arrival and departure times of buses from a company serving Isiolo – Nairobi route

How long does a bus take to travel from Nanyuki to Sagana?

A. 3 h 50 min

B. 3 h 40 min

C. 3 h 20 min

D. 3 h 10 min Q10,2001
17. A motorist covers 3 km in every 13/4 minutes. How many kilometres will he have covered from 8.19
am

to 9.08 am?

A. 28

B. 84

C. 147

D. 2571/4 Q9,2002

16. In a certain leap year, 16th February was Wednesday. What day was 1st May the same year?
A. Saturday

B. Sunday

C. Monday

D. Tuesday Q31,2002

17. The table below shows matatu fares to different towns in shillings.

A teacher and 2 pupils left town E for town L. They stopped at town G and then continued with the journey to town L in another matatu.
If the fare for children is half that of adults, how much did they pay altogether?
A. sh 480

B. sh 320

C. sh 300

D. sh 240 Q44,2002

18. The table below shows Sagana – Nanyuki train fares

for adults.

STATION NANYUKI NARO – MORU KIGA NJO KARATINA SAGANA
NANYUKI —— 20 35 55 70
NARO -MORU 20 —— 20 35 50
KIGANJO 35 20 ——— 20 35
KARATINA 50 35 20 ——— 20
SAGANA 70 50 35 20 ——
The fare for children is half that of adults. Taipei and his two children travelled from Nanyuki to Sagana. On their return journey they first paid the fare to Karatina. They later paid the fare to Nanyuki. How much more money did they spend on travel for their return journey?

A. sh 150

B. sh 140

C. sh 15

D. sh 10 Q22’ 2005

19. The table below shows the second class train fare from station M to P through station N. The pupils paid fare as children.

DESCRIPTION

SECOND CLASS

STATION

FARE ONLY

FARE & BEDDING

ALL INCLUSIVE
M-P
ADULT………. 1 000.00 1 275.00 2 275.00
CHILD……….. 500.00 775.00 1 475.00
M-N
ADULT……… 695.00 970.00 1 570.00
CHILD………. 350.00 625.00 1 045.00

Three teachers accompanied 45 pupils in the train. The pupils paid fare only, from station M to P. Two of the teachers paid all inclusive rate from station M to P. One teacher who alighted at station N paid for fare and

bedding. How much money did they pay altogether?

A sh 25 195

B sh 28 020

C sh 28 325

D sh 50 520 Q
31,2007

20..Musa left home at 11.45 am and took 1 h 20 min to travel to town. After staying in town for one hour, he travelled back home. The time taken to travel to town was twice that taken for the return journey. At what time did he reach home?

A 3.25pm

B 2.45 pm

C 4.45 pm

D 1.45pm Q29,2008

 

21. Murage left town Q at 8.15 am for town R travelling at a speed of 90 km/h, Mwebi left town R at 9.00 am for town Q travelling at a speed of 120 km/h. The two met at a place 180 km away from Q.

What was the distance between towns Q and R?

A. 330 km

B. 150 km

C. 300 km

D. 276 km Q48
,2008

 

22. December the twelfth of 1999 was a Sunday. What day of the week was twelfth April 2000? A Monday
B Tuesday
C Wednesday D Thursday
Q50,2008

23. Below is a bus timetable from town J to town P.

TOWN ARRIVAL TIME DEPARTURE

TIME
J 7.00 a.m.
K 9.30 a.m. 10.00 a.m.
L 11.15 a.m. 11.30 a.m.
M 12.15 p.m. 12.25 p.m.
N 1. 10 p.m. 1.20 p.m.
P 1.50 p.m. 2.00 p.m.

How long did the bus take to travel from town K to town N?
A. 3h 10 min
B. 3 h 20 min
C. 3 h 40 min
D. 8 h 50 min Q11,2010
Conversions involving units of speed
23. A car travelling from town A to town B at an average speed of 80 km/h took 54 minutes. Another car took 40 minutes to travel the same distance. What was the difference in their speeds in km/h?

A. 8
B. 28
C. 36
D. 108 Q48,2001
24. A motorist left town A at 8.15 am for town B, a distance of 330 km. He covered the first 112 km in 1 1/3 hours and stopped for 20 minutes to fuel. He continued with the journey arriving in town B at 11.55am.
What was the average speed for the whole journey?

A. 109 km/h

B. 99 km/h

C. 90 km/h

D. 84 km/h Q45,2002

25. Mambo took 30 minutes to cycle from home to the market at an average speed of 5 metres per second. After staying at the market for 20 minutes, he cycled back and took 25 minutes to reach home.What was the average speed, in metres per second, for the whole journey?

A. 5 5/11 metres per second

B. 4 metres per second

C. 2 metres per second

D. 6 metres per second
Q43,2004

motorist travelling at an average speed of 84 km/h took 2 hours and 30 minutes to travel from town M to town N. She then took 3 hours and 20 minutes to travel back to town M. What was the average speed for the whole journey?

A. 36 km/h

B. 63 km/h

C. 731/2 km/h

D. 72 km/h
Q28,2005

27. In a relay race Obong’o ran 600 m, which is 2∕5 of the race, in 3 minutes. Kyalo took 5 minutes to complete the rest of the race.

What was the average speed for the whole race in m/s?
A. 3

B. 31/8

C. 31/6

D. 31/3 Q39, 2006

28.A motorist driving at 60 km/h was expected to arrive on time in town A, 200 km away. After driving for one hour, the car got a puncture and it took 20 minutes to change the wheel.

At what speed in km/h did he drive after repairing the puncture if he had to arrive at the expected time?

A 105

B 100

C 70

D 52½ Q45, 2007

29. Adhiambo left home and cycled for 11/2 hours at an

average speed of 8 km/h. She rested for 30 minutes and continued with the journey for 2 hours at an average speed of 71/2 km/h.
What was the average speed for the whole journey?

A. 27 km/h

B. 7 5/7 km/h

C. 7 3/4 km/h

D. 6 3/4 km/h Q8,
2009

 

Temperature in degrees celcius(oc)

29. Water gained heat at the rate of 12° C per minute for

5 minutes. It was then allowed to lose heat at 4° C per
minute. If the temperature before heating was 22°
C,

what was its temperature after 81/2 minutes?

A. 46° C

B. 48° C

C. 60° C

D. 68° C Q43.2002

GEOMETRY

Construction of triangles and angles
1. The figure below shows a construction of angle XYS
= 105°.

Which group of points shows the order of construction?
A. Q,P,T,S,R
B. Q, P, R, S, T
C. Q, P,R,T, S
D. Q,P,T,R,S Q24,2000
2. In the figure below, line MN = NR = RM = RQ. NRQ is a straight line and line NP = PQ. Angle NPQ = 68°

What is the size of Angle PQM? A. 56°
B. 116°
C. 86°
D. 98° Q35,2000

3. The diagram below shows three lines which

intersect to form triangle ABC.

What is the value of x? A. 50°
B. 60°

C. 70°

D. 130° Q9,2001

 

4. In the figure below, lines PQ and RS are parallel. Lines EJF and EHG are straight. Lines EJ and EH are equal. Angle FHJ = 35° and angle HGS = 130°

What is the size of angle JFH? A. 80°
B. 50°

C. 45°

D. 15° Q15,2001

6. Triangle ABC, shown below, has been drawn accurately.

 

What is the size of angle CAB? A. 35°
B. 44°

C. 79°

D. 101° Q35,2001

7. In the figure below lines JK and LM are parallel. Line NP is a transversal.

Which of the statements below is NOT always true? What is the size of angle QST?

A. g + e = a + d A. 145°
B. e+ f = c + d B. 130°
C. a + e = 180° C. 110°
D. b = g Q6,2002 D. 160° Q34,2002

8. The diagram below shows part of two sides of triangle RST. Angle SRT = 60°. Complete the diagram to form triangle RST such that RS = 8 cm and ST = 9 cm. Construct the bisector of angle TRS to meet side ST at V.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. In the figure below PQ = QR = RS. Angle PQR = 40°.

10. The figure below shows lines AE, BF, CG and DH which intersect at point O.

 

 

 

 

 

11. What is the measure of the interior angle XYZ of the quadrilateral WXYZ constructed below?

A. 0°

B. 0°

C.25°

D.20° Q14, 2003

12. In the figure below, line EF is parallel to the line GH. Lines JK and LM intersect at N. Angle NQH = 120° and angle NRF = 160°

What is the size of angle PST?

A. 135°

B. 121°

C. 118°

D. 62° Q6 ,
J M 2004

P R
160 F

15. In triangle EFG line EF = EG, angle EFG = 4X° and angle EGH =5X°.

N

G S Q
G

L

120 H

K

What is the size of angle PNS?

A.100° B.80° C.60°
D.20° Q27, 2003
13.. Construct triangle PQR such that line QR = 8 cm, angle PQR = 45° and angle RPQ = 55°. What is the length of line PQ?
A. 6.8 cm

B. 6.6 cm

C. 13.7cm

D. 9.6 cm
Q28,2003

14. In the figure below lines ST and SR are equal. Angle RPQ = 45° and angle PQR = 76°.

What is the value of angle FEG? A. 20°
B. 80°

C. 100°

D. 120° Q27,
2004

16. Construct the triangle JKL such that JK = JL = 5.5 cm and KL = 7 cm. Draw the bisector of angle KJL to meet line KL at M.

Which one of the following statements is correct from the construction?
A. Triangle JML is an isosceles triangle.

B. Triangle JKL is right angled.

C Line JM is perpendicular to KL.

A.
8.1 cm Measure angle SQR.

What is the size of angle SQR?
B. 10.4 cm A. 63°
C. 4.6 cm B. 114°
D. 3.4 cm C. 117°

Q38,2004

 

18. In the figure below, RPQ is a triangle. Point O is inside

the triangle. Join RO, PO and QO.

What is the size of the obtuse angle POQ? A. 54°
B. 114°

C. 120°

D. 126° Q9,2005
19. In the figure below lines PQ, RQ and SQ have been constructed to meet at Q.

D. 129° Q4, 2006

 

20. In the figure below lines AB, AC, BC and BD are equal. BDF and CDE are straight lines and angle ABD is

 

 

 

 

E
What is the size of angle EDF? A. 30°
B. 45°

C. 60°

D. 75° Q42,2006

21.. The figure below shows angles formed by a pair of

parallel lines and a transversal

In which group below, are each of the angles equal to n?

A. p,g,f

B. p,m,f

C. p,q,f

D. p,h,f Q18,2007

 

22. Which one of the triangles below has two of its sides measuring 5 cm and 7 cm while one of its angles measures 75°?

 

A Triangle KEF. B Triangle JEF. C Triangle HEF.
D Triangle GEF. Q29,2007

 

23. Which two of the following statements are true
about all triangles?

(i) All angles are equal.

(ii) Sum of interior angles is 180°.

(iii) One angle is 90°.

(iv) Sum of exterior angles is 360°.

 

A (i) and (ii)

B (i) and (iii)

C (ii) and (iv)

D (iii) and (iv) Q38,2007

24.. In the figure below, PS is parallel to VU, angle TRS = 75° and angle TUV = 130°.

What is the size of angle RTQ?

A 25°

B 55°

C 50°

D 105° Q7,2008

25. In the figure below, GFB and GHJ are straight lines. Line GF = FH = HJ and angle FGH = 50°.

 

What is the measure of angle EFJ? A 130°
B 75° .

C 80°

D 105° Q31,2008

26. Construct triangle EFG with EF = 6.2 cm, angle FFG
= 60° and angle FEG = 40°. Draw a perpendicular from G to meet line EF at H. What is the measure of line EH?

A 5.4 cm

B 3.5 cm

C 4.1 cm

D 2.1 cm Q34,2008

What is the size of angle EPF? A. 1130
B. 67°

C. 480

D. 200

 

 

 

 

 

Q46,2009

27. on the diagram below EF is parallel to GH and JK is a transversal. Which one of the angles is equal to KRH?

 

A. SRH

B. GRK

C. ESJ

D. JSF Q5,2009

28. On the triangle EFG below, construct the bisector of angle EFG to meet the line EG at M. Construct the bisector of angle FEG to meet the line FG at N. Mark P at the point where the two bisectors intersect.

29. In the figure below, lines EF and GH are parallel. Lines JK and MN are transversals which intersect at V.

Angle MQF = 50° and angle HSK = 30°.

What is the size of angle QVS?

A. 1500

B. 1300

C. 1000

D. 800 Q7,2010

30.. Construct a triangle XYZ in which XY = 7.2 cm, YZ = 5.8 cm and ZX = 6.2 cm.
What is the size of angle XYZ? A. 1250
B. 750

C. 550

D. 500 Q21,2010

61

31. On the line QR given below, construct a triangle PQR such that PQ = PR = 7 cm. Construct a bisector of angle PQR to meet line PR at X.

 

 

What is the size of angle QXR?

A. 780

B. 440

C. 680

D. 1020 Q49,210

 

Perpendicular lines (from a point to a line)
32. Which one of the following diagrams shows arcs that lead to the construction of a perpendicular from point P to line XY?

Q27,2001

 

33. In the triangle KLM drawn below, construct the

perpendicular bisector of line KM to cut line KM at N and line KL at P.

What is the size of the acute angle KPN? A. 145°
B. 90°

C. 55°

D. 35° Q14,2005

34. On the figure below, draw perpendicular bisectors of lines PQ and QR to meet at a point X.

 

 

What is the length of QX?

A. 5-2 cm B 4.4 cm C 7.0 cm
D 5.5 cm Q10,2008

35. On the diagram below construct a perpendicular from R to cut PQ at S. What is the length of RS?

Constructing circles

 

A. 4.9 cm

B. 4.1cm

C. 5.2 cm

D. 5.8 cm Q4 ,2009

36. Point S and line QR are shown in the space below. Using a pair of compasses, drop a perpendicular from point S to meet line QR at T.

 

What is the length of line ST?

A. 2.8 cm

B. 3.5 cm

C. 4.5 cm

D. 5.5 cm Q13,2010

1. Construct the circle that touches the sides of triangle TUV below.

What is the radius of the circle?

A. 7 cm

B. 6.3 cm

C. 3.3 cm

D. 5.8 cm Q40,2004

2. On line YZ given below, complete the construction of the isosceles triangle XYZ where XY = XZ =
8 cm. Construct a circle centre O which touches the sides of the triangle.

Z

 

What is the radius of the circle?

A. 2 cm

B. 3.6 cm

C. 4.3 cm

D. 5.4 cm Q44, 2006

 

3. Construct a semi-circle whose diameter EF is given below. Construct a line from E to meet the semi-

circle at G such that angle FEG is 30°. Construct a line from F to meet the semi-circle at H such that angle EFH is 20°. Join points E to H, H to G and G to F.

E F

What is the length of line GH? A 3.0cm
B 3.9 cm

C 5.3 cm

D 5.7 cm Q33,2007

 

4. Draw the circle that passes through the points X, Y and Z of the triangle below.

What is the measure of the radius of the circle?

A. 2.0 cm

B. 4.3 cm

C. 5.0 cm

D. 3.0 cm Q24,2008

Pythagorean relationships
3-4 –5, 5-12-13, 7-24-25
1. Kirwa used a ladder to paint the top of a wall. He placed the bottom of the ladder 4 1/2 metres away from the wall. The ladder touched the wall at a height of 6 metres. What was the length of the ladder?
A. 7 1/2 m
B. 10 1/2m
C. 15m
D. 561/4m Q29,2000

2. The top of a 25 m ladder leans on a vertical wall with

its lower end touching the ground.
Which one of the following sets of measurements represents the height of the wall and the
horizontal

distance of the ladder from the wall?

A. 12 m and 13 m

B. 3 m and 4 m

C. 5 m and 12 m

D. 7 m and 24 m Q15,2002

3. Which of the following sets of measurements can be used to construct a right-angled triangle?

A. 1⁄2cm, 6cm, 9cm

B.33⁄4cm, 51⁄4cm, 6cm

C.21⁄4cm, 3cm, 33⁄4cm

D.51⁄4cm, 9cm, 111⁄4cm Q22,2003

4. The top of a ladder, 26 metres long, leans on a vertical wall. The ladder touches the wall at a height of 10 metres. What is the horizontal distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall?

A. 16 m

B. 18 m

C. 24 m

D. 576 m Q19,2005

5. In the figure below, JK =JL = 25 cm and KM = ML. The perimeter of triangle JKL = 98 cm.

What is the length of the perpendicular line JM in centimetres?
A. 25

B. 24

C. 12

D. 7 Q31,2006

 

6. The figure below is part of a rhombus EFGH. Complete the rhombus.

A 24m

B 26m

C 12m

D 34m Q43, 2008

8. A rectangular plot of of land has a perimeter of 35
m. The longer side is 10 m. A wall is to be constructed along one of the diagonals of the plot. What would be the length of the wall? A. 78 1/8 m
B. 17 1/2 m
C. 7 1/2 m
D. 12 1/2 m Q41,2009
9. Which one of the following sets of measurements will form a right angled triangle when drawn?

A. 9 cm, 16 cm, 25 cm

B. 10 cm, 24 cm, 26 cm

C. 5 cm, 12 cm, 17 cm

D. 7 cm, 2.4 cm, 2.5 cm Q25,2010

Constracting parallelograms,

rhombuses&quadrilaterals
1.

 

 

 

What is the length of half the longer diagonal?

A. 3 cm

B. 4 cm

C. 6 cm

D. 8 cm Q26, 2007

7. The area of a right-angled triangular plot is 120 m2. The length of the shortest side is 10m.
What is the length of the longest side?

 

 

 

 

 

Q47,2000

2. Below is part of the construction of a trapezium PQRS. Complete the construction such that angle PQR = 56°.

 

 

 

 

 

What is the length of the side RS?

X Y

What is the length of the diagonal XZ?

A. 5 cm

A. 8.0cm B. 6.3 cm
B. 7.3 cm C. 7 cm
C. 4.5 cm D. 10.5 cm Q5,2002
D. 3.5 cm Q42,2001

3. The diagram below is an incomplete parallellogram PQRS. Complete the parallelogram and draw diagonals QS and PR to intersect at T.

What is the size of angle PTQ? A. 31°
B. 43°

C. 106°

D. 137° Q47,2001

4. The diagram below represents two sides of a parallelogram WXYZ. Complete the parallelogram.

5. Below is part of the construction of a quadrilateral KLMN with diagonals meting at the centre O. complete the construction and draw a perpendicular from L to meet KN at P

 

 

L M

What is the length of LP?

7.8 cm

6.7 cm

4.6 cm

4.4 cm Q43,2003

What is the length of half the longer diagonal?

6. Complete the construction of a parallelogram
PQRS, where line PR is a diagonal.

R

 

 

P Q

What is the length of line QS?

A. 6.7 cm

B. 7.0 cm

C. 3.8 cm

D. 9.1 cm Q48, 2005

7. A certain quadrilateral has the following properties:

Has two sets of parallel sides Has all sides equal
Diagonals bisect each other Some angles are equal
Which quadrilateral has the above properties?

A. Parallelogram

B. Rhombus

C. Square

D. Trapezium
Q21,2006

8. The figure below is part of a rhombus EFGH. Complete the rhombus.

A. 3 cm

B. 4 cm

C. 6 cm

D. 8 cm Q27,2006

9. Which one of the following quadrilaterals has only one pair of parallel lines?

A. Rhombus.

B. Trapezium.

C. Parallelogram.

D. Rectangle. Q12,2007

 

10. Line PQ below is the base of the parallelogram PQRS: Complete the parallelogram in which, angle QPS = 60° and line PS = 4.5 cm.

 

 

P Q

What is the height of the parallelogram in cm? A 3.9
B 5.4

C 6.0

D 9.1 Q43,2007

11. On the line MN drawn below, complete the quadrilateral MNPQ in which lines NP = 3 cm and QM = 7 cm.
Angle QMN = 60° and angle MNP = 90°. What is the length of diagonal MP?

 

 

 

 

A 3.4 cm
B 6.2 cm
C 5.0 cm
D 5.8 cm Q14 2008
12. Using line PQ below, construct a parallelogram PQRS in which QR = 7.5 cm and angle SPQ = 60°. Join PR.

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is the size of angle PRS? A. 120°
B. 40°

C. 30°

D. 20° Q14,2009

Which of the following statements is true for triangle MRN?

A. All sides are equal.

B. All angles are equal. C One angle is 60°.
D One angle is a right angle.
Q15,2009

 

14. Which one of the following properties is TRUE for both a square and a rhombus?

A. Diagonals are equal.

B. All angles are equal.

C. Opposite angles add up to two right angles.

D. Diagonals bisect at right angles.

Q 19 ,2010

Face,edges and vertices of trianglar and square based pyramid and prisms
1. Which is the correct order of writing the fractions 3/8, 5/16
,11/32 ,3/48 from the largest to the smallest?

 

A. 13/48 , 11/32 , 5/16 , 3/8

B. 3/8 , 5/16 , 11/32 , 13/48

C. 13/48 ,5/16 , 11/32 , 3/8

13. The figure below is a square in which the

D. 3/

11 5 13
32 16 48

Q 11,2004

diagonals intersect at R.

2. How many vertices does a triangular prism have?

A. 2

B. 5

C. 6

D. 9 Q
6,2006

K.C.P.E REVISION 68

3. How many faces (F), vertices (V) and edges (E) does a triangular prism have?

 

 

 

Q

6. A cuboid measures 6cm long, 5cm wide and 4 cm high.
What is the total length of the edges inCentimeters?
A. 30
B. 60
C. 90
D. 120 Q18,2000

Net of triangular, square

27,2008

4. A packet is in the form of a pyramid with a square base. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the number of faces, edges and vertices the packet has?
A. 4 faces, 6 edges and 4 vertices
B. 2 faces, 1 edge and 1 vertex

C. 5 faces, 9 edges and 6 vertices

D. 5 faces, 8 edges and 5 vertices. Q23,2010

 

5. A stack of cubes as shown in the figure below was painted on all faces.

How many cubes were painted on three faces?

A. 10

B. 9

C. 12

D. 14 Q46,2002

Based pyramids and prism

1. A pupil arranged matchsticks to form squares as shown below

How many squares were formed altogether? A. 14 B. 13
C. 10 D. 9 Q33,2000
2. The figure below shows a net made up of a square and four equilateral triangles.

Q16, 2005

Q20,2001

 

3. The figure below shows a net made up of three rectangles and two triangles

Which one of the following solids can be formed from this net?

A. Rectangular prism

B. Triangular pyramid

C. Rectangular pyramid

D. Triangular prism Q15,2003

4. Which one of the following is the correct net for an open cube?

5. Below is a net of a solid. The shaded parts are the flaps.

 

 

Which one of the following solids can be formed from the net?

A Rectangular prism. B Triangular pyramid.
C Rectangular pyramid.

D. Triangular prism. Q11, 2007

 

6. The diagram below is a net of a solid.

If the net is folded which one of the following diagrams represents the solid formed?

 

MAKING PATTERNS USING QUADRILATERALS,TRIANGLE AND CIRCLES.
1. Which one of the following shapes can complete the pattern above?

 

 

Q50, 2003

 

2. Which one of the shapes below should be drawn in the blank box to continue with the pattern above?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A

 

 

 

B

 

 

 

 

 

C

4. An incomplete pattern is shown below.

Which one of the shapes below will complete the pattern above? Q50,2006

D Q50,2004

3. Which one of the shapes below would fit in the dotted space in the pattern above?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. The figures below show a pattern of shapes.

Which one of the shapes below should be drawn in the blank box to continue with the pattern?

 

6.

Q50,2000

ALGEBRA

FORMATION AND SIMPLIFICATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS.

C. 43 1/3

D. 36 2/3 Q32,2005

5. Which one of the following expressions is equal to

1. . What in the value of

m+r2

5(2a – 3b) + 5(a + 5b) ?

3(4a – 3b) + 3(a + 4b)

p + r given that

m = 2p, p = n + 5, n = 3r and r = 5? A. 21/5
B. 23/5
C. 3 1/4
D. 2 Q36,2000
2. What is the value of 2s + r, if q = 4, r = 2q + 1 and s = r + 2? q

A. 5

B. 6 3/4

C. 7

D. 7 ¾ Q22,2001

3. What is the value of the expression

P2 (n – r2) , given that p = 4, n = 6, r = 2?

A. 15a + 10b

15a + 3b

 

B. 5 + 25b

6 + 12b

 

C. 15a + 40b

15a + 21b

D. 15a + 2b 15a + b
Q32,2006

nr

A. 2 2/3

B. 21 1/3

C. 32

D. 1 1/3 Q32,2002

4. What is the value of 1/3 (2x + 4y2) + 5p – 8 when p = 6,

x = 2p and y = ½ x – 1?

 

A. 130

B. 63 1/3
K.C.P.E REVISION

6. There were m men in a bus. The number of children in the bus was three times that of men but eleven more than that of women. The total number of women, men and children in the bus was 45. Which one of the equations below can be used to find the number of men that were in the bus?

A 5 m – 11 = 45

B 4 m + 11 = 45

C 7 m + 11 = 45

D 7 m – 11 = 45 Q35,2007

75

7. Which one of the following expressions is the simplest form of

7(2r + 3) + 4r – 3 ?

2 ( r + 1) + 4r + 7

10. A father shared money among his three children
A 6r + 6 Mulwa, Wangare and Achesa. Wangare received
sh 10 more than Achesa, while Mulwa got twice
2r + 3 the amount Wangare got. If Achesa received sh x,
which one of the following expressions represents

B 6r + 8 the total amount of money given to the three children?
2r + 3 A. 4x + 30
B. 4x + 10
C 9r C. 2x + 20
3r + 4 D. 3x + 30 Q34,2009

D 2 1/2
Q47,2007
11. What is the simplified form of 5x + 1/4 (8x-2y)?

8. Bongo gave 0.12 of his land to his wife, 0.25 to his son and 0.3 to his daughter. If he had 2.4 hectares of land, how many hectares was he left with?

A. 0.72

B 0.288

C 0.6

D 0.792 Q32,2008

 

 

9. On a farm there are cows, goats and sheep. The number of goats is twice the number of cows while the number of sheep is 25 less than the number of goats. If the number of goats is g, how many animals are on the farm?

A 21/2g – 25
K.C.P.E REVISION 76

A. 37x -8y

B. 7x – 1/2y

C. 28x – 2y

D. 7x — 2y Q10,2010

 

FORMING AND SOLVING EQUATIONS

1. What is the value of x in the equation 2(x —6) = 2 ?
5 3

A.72/3

B. 7

C. 22/3

D. 11 Q21,2000

2. A fundraising meeting for Jako, Kabula, Masindu and Buko raised sh. 108, 000. Jako got three times as much as Buko. Masindu got two – thirds of Jako’s share while Kabula got half as much as Jako. How much did Kabula receive?
A. sh.43,200
B. sh.28, 800
C. sh. 21,600
D. sh. 14,400 Q41,2000
3.

Q49,2000

4. Musa, Tom and Sam scored goals for their team during a football match. Musa scored n goals while Sam scored twice as many goals as Musa. Tom
scored two goals less than Sam. What was their total

score?

A. 5n – 2

B. 2n – 2

C. 3n – 2

D. 3n + 2 Q18,2001

5. In a function, the number of women was twice that of men. The number of children was half the total number of men and women. The function was attended by 270 people. How many children attended the function?
A. 90

B. 120

C. 180

D. 60 Q46,2001
K.C.P.E REVISION

6. Fundi, Halima and Gitonga are employed in a firm. Fundi’s monthly salary is sh 50 more than
that of Gitonga. Halima’s monthly salary is sh 90 more than half of the total amount earned by Fundi and Gitonga.

If Fundi’s salary is sh n, which one of the expressions below represents the total monthly income of the three employees?
A. sh 3n + 165

B. sh 4n – 10

C. sh 3n – 30

D. sh 3n + 15 Q26,2002

7. Agola bought n oranges and Mwangi bought n+1 oranges. Mueni bought twice as many oranges as both Agola and Mwangi. Which one of the following expressions shows the total number of oranges brought?

A.A.6n+3

B. 5n+2 D.2n+3 2
C.4n+ Q30,2003

8. What is the value of x in the equation?

3⁄5 (x-5) + 2⁄5 (3x+5) = 10

A.61⁄9 B.55⁄5 C.5
D.12⁄3 Q35,2003

9. Three pupils Furaha, Gitahi and Komen contributed a total of sh. 400 for a party. Furaha contributed

77

sh. 30 more than Gitahi while, Komen contributed three times as much as Furaha.
If Komen contributed sh x, which one of the
equations below can be used to find Komen’s contribution?
A.5x-90 = 1 200

B.5x – 90 = 400

C.5x+ 90 = 1 200

D.7x – 30 = 400 Q45,2003

 

10. Given that MK = and K = 16.5, what is the value of M?

A.0.1 B.1 C.0.01
D.10 Q47,2003

 

11. Kigen bought goods worth sh 2400. He gave the shopkeeper three sh 1000 notes. He received the balance in equal numbers of sh 200 and sh 100 notes.
What total number of notes did he receive?

A. 6

B. 5

C. 4

D. 3 Q28,2004

12. The number of patients who visited a health centre on Monday was 125, on Tuesday was 163 and on

Wednesday was 210.

On Thursday the number was 15 less than those who visited on Wednesday. Equal number of patients visited the centre on Friday and on

Saturday. The total number of patients who visited the centre in the six days was 1089

How many patients visited the centre on Friday? A. 396
B. 288

C. 183

D. 198 Q30,2004

13. Sara bought pawpaws, oranges and mangoes. The number of pawpaws bought was 8 more than the number of oranges. The number of mangoes was twice the total number of oranges and pawpaws.

The total number of fruits bought was 48.

 

If the number of oranges was x, which of the

equations below can be used to find the number of

oranges bought? A. 3x + 24 = 48
B. 6x + 16 = 48

C. 6x + 24 = 48

D. 4x + 16 = 48 Q47,2004

14. What is the value of x in 3(2x + 1) + 5(x + 4) = 61? A. 3 5/11

B. 5 1/11

C. 7 7/11

D. 81 1/11 Q15,2005

K.C.P.E REVISION 78

15. What is the value of x in the equation 1¼ x + 4 = 13 – x?
A. 68

B. 36

C. 75/9

D. 4 Q17,2006

 

16. The number of women passengers in a bus was W. The number of children in the bus was three times that of men passengers but was 6 more than that of women.

Which one of the following expressions shows the total number of passengers in the bus?

A. 21/3 W + 8

B. 21/3W – 8

C. 21/3W + 12

D. 5W + 24
Q41,2006

17. Kamau, Wasike and Omollo sell newspapers. One day Omollo sold 20 newspapers more than Wasike who sold 10 newspapers more than Kamau.
The total number of newspapers they sold that day
was 140.
If Wasike sold y newspapers, which one of the following equations can be used to find the
number
of newspapers sold by Wasike?

A. 3y+10=140
B. 3y + 30=140
C. 3y + 20=140
D. y + 30=140 Q47,2006

18. What is the value of x in the equation

 

2x – 3 + 2x = 6

3

A. 1 1/8

B. 5 7/8

C. 1 7/8

D. 2 5/8 Q21,2007

19. Otieno, Leila, Rotich and Furaha shared sh 840. Otieno got twice as much as Leila. Leila got three times as much as Rotich while Rotich got half of what Furaha got. What was the difference between Otieno’s share and Furaha’s share?

A. sh 350

B. sh 420

C. sh 210

D. sh 280 Q22,2008

20. What is the value of y in the equation

 

2/3 (6y – 2) = 2y + 4 ?

A 22/3

B 3

C 8/9

D 11/3 Q42,2008

21. A rectangular container is 80 cm long, 50 cm wide and 40 cm high. The container is filled with water to a level 30 cm high. What is the volume of the

K.C.P.E REVISION 79

empty space in the container? A. 180 000 cm3

p + r given that

m+r2

B. 160 000 cm3

C. 120 000 cm3

D. 40 000 cm3 Q26,2009

22. What is the value of x in the equation

 

½ (x + 1) + 1/3 (2x – 1) = 5

A. 4 1/

B. 4 2/7

C. 4 3/7

D. 4/7 Q22,2010

23. Three schools Mwangaza, Kivuli and Nuru received a total donation of 165 textbooks. Kivuli got 8 books more than Mwangaza, while Nuru got half the total of what Mwangaza and Kivuli got. If the number of books donated to Mwangaza is represented by the letter m, which one of the following equations can be used to get the value of m?

A. 6 m + 24 = 165

B. 1 1/2 m + 12 = 165

C. 3 m + 12 = 165

D. 3 m – 12 = 165 Q36,2010

 

SUBSTITUTION IN ALGERAIC
EXPRESSIONS

1. What in the value of

m = 2p, p = n + 5, n = 3r and r = 5? A. 21/5
B. 23/5
C. 3 1/4
D. 2 Q36,2000
2. What is the value of 2s + r, if q = 4, r = 2q + 1 and s = r + 2? q

A. 5

B. 6 3/4

C. 7

D. 7 ¾ Q22,2001

3. What is the value of the expression

P2 (n – r2) , given that p = 4, n = 6, r = 2?
nr

A. 2 2/3

B. 21 1/3

C. 32

D. 1 1/3 Q32,2002

4. What is the value of 1/3 (2x + 4y2) + 5p – 8 when p = 6,

x = 2p and y = ½ x – 1?

 

A. 130

B. 63 1/3

C. 43 1/3

D. 36 2/3 Q32,2005

5. What is the value of given that r =6,

p = r + 2 and q = p – 3? A. 568/11
B. 386/11

C. 306/11

D. 204/5 Q35, 2005

6. What is the value of + n where n = 5, y = 2n ,

 

q = n + 9 and r = q – 6 ? A 7
B 2 1/2

C 6 1/5

D 11 Q25,2008

 

7. What is the value of 2w (x -2)2 when x = 5, y = x + 3

A. 12

B. 24

C. 36

D. 144 Q17,2009

 

SIMPLIFYING INEQUALIITIES IN ONE UNKNOWN

1. Which me of the following statement is correct? A. 3/4 > 0.75
B. 1/9 < 0.1

C. 4/3 < 1.3

D. 2/5 < 0.5 Q2,2009

y + 1

and w = 2x + 3y

TABLES AND GRAPHS

 

DRAWING TABLES AND GRAPHS.

1.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Soda E F G H J
Number of pupils 12 18 15 24 21

Which one of the pie charts below correctly represents this information?

 

 

 

Q10,2002

 

4. The table below shows Mwasi’s income from the sale of farm produce, during one year. The information on the
income for potatoes is not given.

 

A pie-chart was drawn to represent the information

above. If the angle representing the income for beans was 63°, what was the income for potatoes?

A. sh 120 000

B. sh 18 000

C. sh 17 850

D. sh 102 000 Q 32 ,
2004

 

5. A cyclist rode for two hours at an average speed of 12 km/h. He rested for 30 minutes and continued for one hour at an average speed of 8 km/h.

Which one of the graphs below represents the cyclist’s journey?

Q49,2005

Produce Wheat Maize Beans Potatoes
Income sh 45
000 sh 36
000 sh 21
000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. The graph below shows Midi’s journey from town X to town Y.

 

 

 

Distance in

 

Town X 7.30 8.30 9.30 10.30 11.30 12.30

What was the average speed, in km/h, for the whole journey?
A. 721/2
B. 70
C. 644/9
D. 444/9 Q43,2006

7. The graph below shows part of the journeys made by Chebet and Keya on the same road.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chebet travelled from town Y to town X at a constant speed. Keya travelled from town X and to town Y. After covering 20 km he rested for 30 minutes. He then continued at an average speed of 40 km/h.
Complete the graphs of the journeys. At what time did they meet?
K.C.P.E RAE.V9I.S0I0OaN.m 85
B. 8.40 a.m
C. 9.10 a.m
D. 8. 50 a.m Q42,2007

8. The table below shows the number of 90 kg bags of maize that Mutiso sold to a miller in the years 1998

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11. A kiosk sold soda, juice, porridge and tea. A pie- chart was drawn to represent the number of people who took each drink. Those who took juice were represented by 140° and porridge by 40°. The size of the angle of those who took tea was twice the angle for soda. Twenty people took porridge.

How many more people took juice than those who took tea?

A 10

B 60

C 70

D 130 Q30,2008

 

Interplating tables and graphs
1. The table below shows the maximum and minimum temperatures, in degrees Celsius, recordedin different cities on one day..

City Maximum °C Minimum °C
Dar- es- Salaam .33 22
Khartoum 31 16
Accra 32 24
Entebbe 30 18
In which city was the mean temperature highest that day?
A. Dar-es-Salam.
B. Khartoum.
C. Entebbe.
D. Accra. Q11,2000

2. A farm produced oranges (O), Pawpaws (P), guavas (G), bananas (B) and lemons (L). The pie -chart below represents quantities of each type of fruit produced in one week.

 

Which one of the bar graphs below represents the information obtained from the pie-chart above?

Q32,2000

3. The bar graph below shows the number of eggs sold

by Mutiso in six days. The highest number of eggs sold was 75.

 

Wambua and Otieno.

 

In which three consecutive days was the total number of eggs sold the highest?
A. Tue, Wed, Thur

B. Mon, Tue, Wed

C. Thur, Fri, Sat

D. Wed, Thur, Fri Q32,2001
4. The incomplete table below shows the numbers of people who attended a football match and the
gate

charges. The number of children is not shown.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

If the total amount collected was ksh. 60 000, how many people altogether attended the match?
A. 200

B. 1000

C. 1540

D. 1740 Q49,2001

 

 

5. The graph below shows journeys of two cyclists,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At what time was Otieno 10 km ahead of Wambua? A. 10.30 a.m.
B. 9.27 a.m.

C. 9.00 a.m.

D. 7.12 a.m. Q50,2001

6. The graph below represents the journey of a car travelling from town S to town T.

9. The graph below shows a school advisor’s journey from schools W to P through schools L, K and M

 

What was the average speed for the journey? A. 56 1/4 km/h
B. 57 1/2 km/h

C. 65 km/h

D. 65 5/7 km/h Q47,2002

7. The table below shows the number of times the

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
7.00

 

 

 

 

8.00

 

 

 

 

9.00 10.00 11.00 noon

teams Simba, Moto and Dawa won drew or lost in a competition. Three points were awarded for each game won, one point for each game drawn

am am

am am am

and no points for a game lost.

Which of the following is the order in which the teams were ranked?

 

 

 

Q19,2003

 

8. The total number of pupils enrolled in schools in a district was 48 000. In a pie chart the number enrolled in secondary schools was represented by an angle of 120° while, that in the primary schools was represented by 150°. The rest were enrolled in the pre-primary schools. What was the number in the pre-primary schools?

A.36 000

B.20 000

C.16 000

D.12 000 Q21,2003

Between which two schools was she travelling at

SIMBA MOTO DAWA
WON 2 4 3
DRAWN 5 1 5
LOST 3 5 2
the highest speed?

A.M and P

B.K and M

C.L and K

D.W and L Q40, 2003

10. The table below shows the number of tonnes of sugar produced and sold by a factory in 6 days.

Days Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat
Tones produced 60 25 30 20 25 15
Tones sold 40 70 40 30 50 25

On which day was the number of tonnes of sugar sold one and a half times the number of tonnes produced?
A. Thur

B. Mon

C. Wed

D. Sat Q29 2004

 

 

11. The table below represents the sales of milk in litres by a vendor in five days. The sale for Thursday is not shown.
One litre of milk was sold for sh 25. The vendor got

a total of sh 2 925 for the sale of milk during the five

days.

How many more litres of milk did the vendor sell on Thursday than on Tuesday?

 

 

A. 9

B. 28

C. 47

D. 117 Q17, 2005

12. Below is a travel graph showing the journey of a motorist travelling from town L to town K and back, and that of a cyclist travelling from town L to town K.

How far from town L was the cyclist when he met the

motorist travelling back to town L?

A. 40 km
B. 32 km
C. 20 km
D. 8 km Q31
,2005
13. The population of a village is represented by the pie chart below.

If there were 300 girls, how many more boys than men were there?
A. 80
B. 100
C. 180
D. 50 Q47, 2005

14. The bar graph below shows the number of kilograms of sugar consumed by a school in five days.

DAYS

In which pair of consecutive days was the total consumption the highest?
A. Mon and Tue

B. Tue and Wed

C. Wed and Thur

D. Thur and Fri Q29, 2006

15. The table below shows the number of vehicles that passed near a school in one week. The average number of vehicles per day was 116. The number of vehicles that passed near the school on Friday is not shown.

 

MON TUE WED THUR FRI SAT SUN
125 75 112 100 …….. 148 112

How many more vehicles passed near the school on Friday than on Tuesday?
A 595

B 215

C 140

D 65 Q22,
2007

 

16. The pie-chart below shows how Kesenet spent her salary.

How much more did she spend on loan than on rent if she spent sh 4 000 on food?

A sh 5 000

B sh 3 000

C sh 2 000

D sh 1 000 Q37, 2007

 

17. The bar graph below shows, the number and sizes of pairs of shoes, sold in one week.

Which size of shoe was bought most?

A. 12 Fourteen passengers boarded the matatu at
B. 11 Nairobi.
C. 8 Seven of the passengers alighted at Gilgil while

D. 7
Q9, five
2009 others boarded at Gilgil for Nakuru.
How much money altogether did the driver
collect?

18. Below are two graphs. One graph shows the
journey by a bus from Nairobi to Nakuru. The other shows the journey by a car from Nakuru to Nairobi.

 

How far from Nakuru was the bus when the car reached Nairobi?

A. 115 km

B. 90 km

C. 60 km

D. 35 km. Q18, 2009

13. The table below shows the fare in shillings for a matatu travelling from Nairobi to Nakuru.

A. sh 3 650

B. sh 3 500

C. sh 3 150

D. sh 1 900
Q23,2009

14. The table below shows the number of pupils who were in standard 1 to 4 in a certain school from 2001 to 2004.

 

How many pupils of the class which was in Std 1 in 2001 had dropped out of that class by 2004?

A. 24

B. 16

C. 10

D. 8 Q24,2009

15. The table below shows how Kigen utilizes his piece of land.

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 92

Purpose Homestea d Maize Cultivatio n Tea Cultivatio n Grazin g
Number 3/
4 11/4 1
of 11/2
Hectare
s

Which one of the bar graphs below correctly represents the

information above. Q28, 2010 16. The graph below shows the journeys of two
motorists Karimi and Nzomo.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. The mean of six numbers is 4 2/3. Five of these

How far from town X was Nzomo when Karimi stopped to rest?

A. 60 km

B. 185 km

C. 215 km

D. 250 km Q47 ,2010

 

Median as a value in a set of ordered data
1. A teacher measured the heights of nine pupils in a class. The heights of eight of the pupils were 167 cm, 170 cm, 167 cm, 175 cm, 170 cm, 172 cm, 167 cm and 168 cm. The total height of the eight pupils was 1356 cm. If the mean height of the nine pupils was 169 cm, what was the median height?
A. 170cm, B. 168cm
C. 167cm D. 165cm
Q39,2000
2. Maria sat for ten subjects in an examination. Her marks in nine subjects, excluding science, was as follows:

numbers are 5, 3, 7, 8 and 3. What is the median of the six numbers?
A. 5

B. 4

C. 3

D. 2 Q40,2002

 

4.The heights of six pupils were recorded as 1.35m, 1.42m, 1.40m, 1.50m, 1.35m and 1.35m. What was the median height?

1.35m

m

m

1.45m Q3, 2003

 

Working out problems involving mean, mode and median

 

60,

Mathematics 78, Kiswahili 81, GHC 77, Religious Education 69, English 73, Art and Craft

Agriculture 52, Business Education 60, and

Home Science 55.

 

If her total marks in the ten subjects was 680, what was her median mark?
A. 60

B. 68

C. 71

D. 75 Q36,2001

18. Below is the number of tree seedlings planted by each pupil on a tree planting day:

8 15 11 9 17 14 12 14 13

10 18 8 9 16 13 13 10 12

What was the mean number of seedlings planted by each pupil?

A. 12 1/

B. 222

C. 12 1/

D. 13 Q8, 2004

19. The ages, in years, of 10 pupils in a class are: 16, 18, 15, 14, 17, 16, 14, 13, 19 and 14. What is the median age of the pupils?

A. 16.5

B. 15.6

C. 14

D. 15.5
Q10,2005

20. The heights in centimetres of 10 pupils are given below:
169, 173, 158, 170, 159, 171, 163, 159, 180, 167
What is the mean height of the pupils?
A. 159 cm
B. 166.9 cm
C. 168 cm
D. 1 669 cm Q8,2006
21. Ali and Maingi sat for five subjects in an examination. The total marks for Maingi were 15 less than those of Ali.The mean mark for Ali was
65. What was the mean mark for Maingi? A 50
B 62
C 68
D 310 Q15,2007
22. The mean of 7 numbers is 4. Six of the numbers are: 2, 3, 1, 2, 7, 8. What is the median of the seven numbers?
A. 2
B. 2.5
C. 3
D. 5 Q19, 2008
23. The bar graph below shows the number of pupils in six classes in a school.

What is the mean number of pupils per class?

A. 26

B. 38

C. 41

D. 246 Q27, 2009

 

23. The number of birds observed in a certain area during certain months of the year are as shown in the table below.

MONTHS APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST
NUMBER OF BIRDS 96 104 80 118 94

Which one of the following numbers is the highest mean of the birds recorded into two consecutive months?
A. 106
B. 99
C. 111
D. 100 Q20, 2010
24. The table below shows the number of crates of soda Mutuma sold in one week. The number of crates sold on Friday was not recorded.

 

DAY OF WEEK MON TUE WED THUR FRI SAT SUN
NUMBER OF CRATES
8
10
11
18


16
8

If the total number of crates of soda sold in seven days was 84. What was the median sale?

A. 13

B. 12

C. 11

D. 8 Q39, 2010

 

SCALE DRAWING
Reading and interpreting scale diagrams

 

1. The scale on a map is 1:200. What length on the map would rep resent a distance of 50 metres?

A . 0.25 cm

B. 25cm

C. 4 cm

D. 2.5 cm Q21, 2008

Linear scale in ratio form drawing

1. A road measuring 3 cm on a map has an actual

length of 12 kilometres. What is the scale used on
the

map? A. 1 : 4
B. 1 : 400

C. 1 : 4 000

D. 1 : 400 000 Q23,2002

2. A distance of 480m is represented on a scale drawing by a line measuring 2.4 cm. what is the scale used?

A.1:20 B.1:200 C. 1:2000
D.1:20000 Q17
2003

3. A length of 4.6 cm on a scale drawing represents an actual length of 9200 m. What is the scale used?

A. 1 : 200

B. 1: 2000

C. 1 : 20000

D. 1 : 200000 Q10, 2004

 

4. A distance of 5 kilometres is represented on a map

by a length of 4 centimetres. What is the scale used? A. 1:125

B. 1:1 250

C. 1:12 500

D. 1:125 000 Q15,
2006

Working out problems involving scale

5. A rectangular field measuring 560 m by 800 m is to be represented on a scale drawing using the scale 1:20 000. What is the area of the scale drawing in square centimeters?
A. 1120
B. 22.4
C. 11.2
D. 2240 Q38,2000
6. On a map drawn to the scale 1:500 is a plot of land in the shape of a trapezium whose parallel sides measure 5 cm and 2 cm. The perpendicular distance between the parallel sides is 4 cm.
What is the actual area of the plot in square metres?
A. 35 000

B. 3 500

C. 350

D. 35 Q24,2001

7. A map is drawn to a scale of 1:20 000. What is the

distance, in kilometres, of a road which is 25 cm on the map?

A 5

B 50

C 500

D 5000 Q8, 2007

8. The scale drawing below represents four towns U, V, W and X. The shortest distance from town V to W is 450 km.

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 97

What is the distance from town U to town X through town V and W?

A 100 km

B 1 350 km

C 2 480 km

D 1 130 km Q40, 2008

 

9. The diagram below is a scale drawing of a plot of land drawn to the scale 1:1 500.

What is the actual area of the plot, in m2?

A. 600 000

B. 90 000

C. 3 500

D. 510 Q31, 2009

 

10. On a map whose scale is 1:50 000 a piece of land is represented by a rectangle measuring 3 cm by 2
cm. What is the actual size of this land in hectares?
A. 15
B. 150
C. 1 500
D. 15 000 Q35, 2010

 

RATIO AND PROPORTION
Comparison using ratio

five minutes whereas four are born every minute. What is the difference between the number of antelopes that are born and those that die in one day?

A. 4396

B. 1440

C. 5 Q34,2004

2. In a group of 126 spectators the ratio of men to women was 3:4. What is the new ratio if 2 more men and 8 more women joined the group of spectators?

A. 7:10

B. 5:12

C. 13:16

D. 1:4
Q36,2005

3. Mbogo and Kihara shared some money such that Mbogo got ¾ of the money shared out. What was
the ratio of Mbogo’s share to that of Kihara? A. 4:3
B. 3:1

C. 3:4

D. 1:3 Q36,2006

Sharing using ratio
1. Auma and Maina shared the profit from the sale of fish in the ratio 3:4. If the profit was sh 8 400, how much money did Auma get?

A sh 3 600

B sh 4 800

C sh 6 300

D sh 11 200
Q6,2007

1. According to a survey, three antelopes die every

sh 21 000 into one thousand shillings notes

Increasing and decreasing quantities using ratio

 

1..A rectangular water tank whose base is 1.5 m by
0.5 m is to be filled with water using 50 litre containers. How many such containers will be required to fill the tank to a height of 1 metre?

A. 15

B. 1.5

C. 150

D. 1500
Q44,2010

 

Ratio as a fraction ,decimal and percentage and vice versa
1. . What is the ratio 3 : 5 expressed as a decimal? A. 1.6
B. 0.625
C. 0.6
D. 0.375 Q12,2000
2. Which one of the ratios below represents 0.75? A. 3 : 40
B. 3 : 7

C. 4 : 3

D. 3 : 4 Q27,2002

3. Which of the following represents the ratio 4 : 5 expressed as a percentage?

A.444/9% B.555/9% C. 80%
D.125% Q18,2003

4. Mukami had 135 two hundred shillings notes which she changed as follows:

sh 3 000 into five hundred shillings notes

sh 2 000 into one hundred shillings notes and

the remaining amount of money into fifty shillings notes.

How many notes did she get altogether?

A. 67

B. 54

C. 47

D. 20 Q14,2006

 

5. In a class the ratio of the number of boys to girls is 2:3 What is the percentage of the number of boys in the class?
A. 311/3%

B. 40%

C. 60%

D. 662/3% Q35,2009

Direct and indirect proportion; solving problems

1. Fifteen people working at the same rate would complete some work in 10 days. How many days would 6 people . need to complete the same work?
A. 4 B. 9
C. 25 D. 150 Q22,2000
2. A factory hired 48 labourers to complete a job in 24 hours. If 12 labourers failed to turn up for the job, how many more hours did those who turned up take to complete the job?
A. 8

B. 32

C. 48

D. 72 Q34,2001

3. Muya earns sh. 5 400 after working for 24 days. How much money should he receive if he is absent for 6 days?

D. 91 Q40,2006

7. Four workers take 10 hours to complete a certain

 

 

 

 

4. Katana ‘s car uses 1 litre of petrol to cover 12.5 km while simiyu’s car uses 1 litre to cover 9.6km.
If each car covers 60km, how much more petrol does Simiyu’s car use than Katana’s?

A.11.05l B.6.25l C.4.80l
D.1.45l Q46,2003
5. Sixteen workers can dig a field in 12 days. How many more workers are required so as to do the work in 8 days?
A. 40

B. 24

C. 8

D. 10 Q18,2005

6 Forty two men were hired to repair a stretch of road

in 14 days. How many more men should be hired if the work was to be finished in 12 days?
A. 6

B. 7

C. 49

D 1 Q36,2007

8. Eighteen people can take 72 days to complete a piece of work. If 2 of the people did not turn up for the work, how many more days would the remaining number of people, working at the same rate, take to complete the work?

A. 9

B. 81

C. 153

D. 575 Q44,2009

9. A factory hired 9 people to complete a piece of work in 15 hours. How many more hours did it take them to complete the work if 3 people did not turn up?
A. 30 hours

B. 22 1/2 hours

C. 5 hours

D. 7 ½ hours Q24,2010

 

TOPIC 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Parts of speech

 

5

10,11

1

17,9
-Nouns 6,15 9,12 11 6 1,5,12 10, 8 4, 6,
3,4,14
-Verbs 6 1,9,11, 13,24
2
-Conjunctions 2, 13 13 1 3 25
10,1
-Adverbs 10 1, 14 4, 16, 14 7, 4 5
8
-Preposition 4, 8, 3 6 12 7, 4 15, 11, 22, 2
5
-Adjective 1 3 8 9, 8 23 7, 10, 37
-Interjections 6,7 5 15 2, 11 14, 37, 34,

-Pronouns
30
2,10 2, 7 2
Tenses 9, 13 11, 14 7, 32 11, 5 26, 27, 28 5 14
Direct/ indirect speech 22
Active/ passive voice
Synonyms 30, 40 27, 31, 32,
44 21, 22,28 19, 23, 44 21, 23, 24,
25, 27 19, 20, 21, 28, 33 19, 20, 27, 31
Antonyms 20, 21
Vocabulary 31, 34, 36,
42, 49 26,36, 42 33, 35, 43 27, 35, 43 32, 40, 45,
48 41, 28, 42 27,41, 42,

47 3,4,7,8,15,4 3
Question tags 23
Phrasal verbs 21, 22, 14, 19, 20, 15, 20, 21 37 3 22, 21 14, 48
23 34

Punctuation 21, 22 24, 25 24, 25

Sensible paragraphing 19, 20 24, 25 24, 25 16, 17 22, 23
Common errors in English
Facts and opinions 26, 27, 37,
41 23, 24, 25,
40 20, 49, 5O 28, 30,

39, 41 5,46,
47, 50 26, 27, 29,
31,32 16, 17, 18, 26. 32,
43, 35, 33, 39, 40,
48 26,27,30,31
,32,34,39,4
1,44,45,49
Use of the right word given 6, 11, 12,
15 4, 15, 12 11, 12, 13 6,7, 13, 14,
18, 45 12, 15 9 8, 12, 3, 36,
45,44 2,6,28,12,2
9,3336,
37,38,42,46
Giving a story a title 38 50 38 50 50 38, 50 38, 50 50
Proverbs / meaning 38 38
Sentence patterns 16, 17, 18 19, 20 16, 18, 47 16, 17, 18 19
Use of key word (bold) 50 50 35, 42; 46 40, 47, 36, 30 37, 46, 3 18,40,47
Formation of a word (noun, adjective ) etc
General terms 24, 25 16,17, 18 39, 40, 43, 29, 46
Homophones/Atomonyms
Articles 13
Conditionals

g 16

 

 

 

K.C.P.E

K.N.E.C.

ENGLISH

2000-2011

WITH BEST COMPOSITIONS

AND

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2003

ENGLISH SECTION B: COMPOSITION
Time: 40 minutes

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. In the spaces provided above write your full Index Number, your Name and the Name of your School.

2. Now open this paper, read the composition subject carefully and write your composition on the lines provided.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You have 40 minutes to write your composition.

The following is the beginning of a story. Write and complete the story. Make your story as interesting as you can.

The occasion was very different from what we had expected. Even before we entered the room, we could hear some noises . . .

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2003

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE
Questions 1 to 15

 

Read the passage below. It contains blank spaces numbered 1 to 15. For each blank space, choose the best
answer from the choices given.

No pork or beef was 1 eaten at my grandmother’s house, 2 rarely was there meat of any kind. We occasionally ate fish, but only those that had scales. Baking powder was never 3 ; it was 4 to contain a chemical 5 to the body. For all the 6 – breakfast, lunch and supper – we ate porridge and a mixture of mashed potatoes and vegetables. Grandmother put very little salt 7 she claimed it was bad 8 the heart. I am sure you 9 guess that the food was tasteless. 10 we ate it for we had no 11 .

The food and her 12 discipline made life in my grandmother’s house miserable. You 13 not shout or even disagree with another person. She was deeply religious and wanted total harmony in her household. I did not really disagree with what she 14 , but I felt like a prisoner, without any 15 to do what I wanted.

 

1. A. hardly B. never C. ever D. usually
2. A. and B. but C. for D. as
3. A. allowed B. known C. found D. used
4. A. said B. considered C. meant D. felt
5. A. bad B. harmful C. offensive D. hostile
6. A. dishes B. meals C. foods D. menus
7. A. and B. which C. because D. so

8. A. for B. in C. to D. on
9. A. could B. should C. can D. will
10. A. Moreover B. So C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless
11. A. alternative B. otherwise C. nothing D. other
12. A. serious B. strict C. severe D. harsh
13. A. will B. should C. shall D. could

14. A. stood for B.believed about C. wanted D. required

15. A. space B. freedom C. choice D. chance

In questions 16 to 18, choose the best
alternative to complete the sentences.

16. It was not until five o’clock

A. and the game ended

B. when the game ended

C. that the game ended

D. then the game ended.

17. Some people prefer walking

A. than driving

B. to driving

C. not driving

D. besides driving.

18. The athlete is too slow

A. to win the race

B. for winning the race

C. he can’t win the race

D. that he can’t win the race.

For questions 19 and 20, arrange the sentences given to form a sensible paragraph.

19. (i) She had such perfect features that the hunter could not quite believe she was real.
(ii) A hunter sat by a river to rest.

(iii) The woman was as beautiful as a gazelle.

(iv) He noticed a faint ripple in the water and when he looked more closely, he saw that it was a woman swimming.
A. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

B. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

C. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

D. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

20. (i) The town was slowly waking to life.

(ii) It was six fifteen, and the sun was rising.

(iii) He looked at the cheap alarm clock on the chair by his bedside.
(iv) Kyalo stirred for a while and then sat up.

A. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

B. (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)

C. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

D. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For questions 21 to 23, select the alternative that can best replace the underlined words.

K.C.P.E REVISION 108

21. After a hard day’s work, she was very exhausted.
A. bored

B. worn-out

C. extremely weak

D. finished

 

 

22. They welcomed the guest with open arms.

D. jog

25. A. stationery

B. equipment

C. cupboard

D. luggage.

A. happily

B. excitedly

C. willingly

D. warmly

23. Kambo called on his old friend last week.

 

A. visited

B. rang

C. checked

D. saw

In questions 24 and 25, select the alternative that does not fit in the group.

24. A. walk

B. crawl

C. run

Read the following passage and then answer questions 26 to 38.

Grandmother had always warned us against being rude to people, especially those older than ourselves. She said rude children were a shame to their parents, and could bring ill-fortune to
themselves. She insisted that adults had to be addressed with respect as “mother” of “father of so and so”, “uncle” or “aunt” as appropriate. We never took her seriously until one of us learnt a lesson the hard way.

One day my brother Tope, three of my cousins and I were playing our favorite game of hide and seek. Everybody else had been discovered easily except Tope. We had totally failed to locate him until a stranger came along. To our amazement, he stopped and seemed to be talking to a big tree by the path. We moved closer and heard him say, “Please show me where the shopping centre is.”

It was then that we heard Tope tell the stranger, “Ssshh! Go away. You’ll make them discover where I am.”
We all started shouting, “Tope, we have found you at last!”

Tope angrily sprang out of his hiding place. The stranger was now confused. “Where is the shopping centre?” he asked.

Tope gave him an angry look and shouted, “Crooked legs, the shopping centre is up here in my nostrils.”
My cousins burst out laughing while the stranger stood there shocked at such misconduct. It was then that Grandmother’s words came to my mind. Not sure of what my playmates would say, I hesitantly gave the stranger the direction to the shopping centre.

“Thank you very much,” he said and walked away.

A week later, Tope and his friends went to pick mangoes. They had collected some when they realised that the biggest and ripest were at the topmost part of one of the trees. None of the children was willing to climb upto this part; the height was simply scaring. They tried to bring down the mangoes by hitting them with stones but they kept missing. They had almost given up when Tope volunteered to climb up the tree. The others watched in disbelief as their hero climbed higher and higher. As soon as he got to the top of the tree, he started throwing down the juicy mangoes to the excited children.

26. What do we learn about “Grandmother” from the first paragraph?
A. She hated rude children.

B. She feared ill-fortune.

C. She was concerned about her grandchildren.
D. She was harsh to her grandchildren.

27. The children were amazed because

A. they saw a stranger talking to Tope

B. they had totally failed to locate Tope

C. the stranger didn’t know where the shopping centre was
D. the stranger seemed to be talking to no one.

28. Why did Tope angrily spring out of his hiding place?
A The stranger had discovered him.

B. The children were moving closer and closer.
C. The stranger had ruined the game for him.

D. The children started shouting.

29. Why was the writer hesitant about giving the stranger directions.
A. He feared that his playmates would beat him.
B. He didn’t know the direction very well.

C. He had been warned about talking to strangers.

D. He feared that the other children might disapprove of his action.

30. “. . . that my Grandmother’s words came to mind ” What words were these?
A. That we should only respect older people.

B. That we should address people appropriately.
C. That we should help all people.

D. That we should respect all people.

31. Which of the following does NOT describe the writer?
A. obedient

B. cowardly

C. kind

D. Polite

32. The words “given up” can best be replaced by

A. surrendered

B. despaired

C. become hopeless

D. become impatient

 

 

33. There was total confusion after Tope fell because
A. he fell with a thud

K.C.P.E REVISION 111

B. he broke his leg

C. the children could only watch helplessly

D. the children didn’t know what to do.

 

 

 

34. The word “mimicking” as used in the passage means
A. imitating

B. copying

C. repeating

D. mocking

35. The shock that made Tope pass out was caused by
A. the pain in the leg

B. his learning the truth

C. his recognition of the doctor

D. the presence of the doctor.

36. Tope could best be described as

A. heroic

B. naughty

C. fearful

D. amusing

37. The doctor’s behaviour teaches us that we

A. shouldn’t take revenge

B. shouldn’t ask for directions

C. should give treatment to our enemies

D. should always be thankful.

38. An appropriate title for this story would be:

A. Grandmother’s words of wisdom

B. Tope’s dangerous adventures

C. Tope learns an important lesson

D. The kind and forgiving doctor

Read the following passage and then answer questions 39 to 50.

 

Many people take sodas and yet have never stopped to think what is in them. Well, maybe they
should.

The manufacturers of soft drinks use little quantities of a chemical – ethylene glycol, popularly known as anti-freeze in the drinks. This chemical prevents water from freezing at the normal temperature of 0° C. This in effect means that the drink can remain liquid even down to levels of -4° C or -5° C. They refer to this as “really chill.”

The chemical, ethylene glycol, is a slow poison. If a person drinks four litres of soda, this could be their last drink.

Furthermore, manufacturers use carbon dioxide in liquid form to preserve the drinks. After a soda drinking contest at a University in India, the winner, who had downed eight bottles, fainted on the spot. The reason was that there was too much carbon dioxide in his blood. Needless to say, sodas were banned in that particular institution as a result. No one would advise anybody to drink carbon dioxide.

For most soft drinks the acid level measures around 3-4 on the acidity scale. This amount of acidity is strong enough to dissolve bones and teeth. In one experiment, a famous brand of cola dissolved a whole broken tooth after ten days!

Soft drinks contain no nutritional value. On the contrary, they have a high sugar content, carbonic and phosphoric acid, a variety of chemicals, flavourings and colourings.

The practice of taking cold drinks after a meal is particularly not advisable. Our body needs at least a temperature of 37° C for the digestive enzymes to function. The temperature of cold drinks is close to 0° C. This will reduce the effectiveness of the enzymes, thus making digestion difficult. Instead of the food getting digested, it becomes fermented. The fermented food produces gases, decays and becomes toxic. It is absorbed by the intestines, circulates in the blood stream and is carried to the whole body.
Hence toxic substances collect in other parts of the body, causing a variety of diseases.

People may not stop drinking sodas altogether but they can reduce the amount they take or switch to alternatives. Fresh juices and plain water are healthful and people should be encouraged to get used to them early in life. By the way, the artificial juices (squashes) found in shops are no better than

39. The first paragraph suggests that people should
A. think seriously as they drink sodas

B. think about the contents of sodas

C. drink sodas as they think

D. drink sodas and think.

40. “… this could be their last drink” means the person may
A. die as a result

B. be poisoned slowly

C. be very full

D. not want another soda.

41. Manufacturers of soft drinks use ethylene glycol to keep the drinks
A. from getting chilly

B. liquid below 0° C

C. for a long time

D. soft and chilly.

42. The word “downed” as used in the passage means:
A. drank

B. knocked down

C. finished

D. put down

43. The University in India banned sodas in

the institution because they did not want students to
A. take sodas

B. have soda drinking contests

C. faint after drinking

D. take carbon dioxide.

44. The broken tooth dissolved because

A. this was only an experiment

B it had stayed in the cola for ten days

C. the acidity in the cola was very high

D. it was too weak to stay in the cola.

45. Which of the following statements is not true
about soft drinks? They have

A. a variety of acids

B. nutritional value

C. flavourings and colourings

D. many chemicals.

 

 

 

 

 

 

46. Why is it not advisable to take cold drinks after meals?
A. Digestive enzymes can only function at

K.C.P.E REVISION 114

37° C.

B. They ferment the food.

C. They disturb the process of digestion.

D. The body temperature is lowered.

 

 

 

 

47. What major problem does fermented food cause in the body?
A. It produces various gases.

B. It goes to all parts of the body.

C. It affects the circulation of blood.

D. It leads to poor health.

48. The writer suggests that artificial juices are

A. worse than sodas

B. made from special fruits

C. also to be avoided

D. found only in shops.

49. What does the word “courage” as used in the passage mean?
A. bravery

B. strength

C. determination

D. capability

50. According to the writer

A. we cannot stop drinking soda even if we wanted to
B. fresh juices and plain water are good when used early in life
C. a little soda is not completely bad for health
D. people should stop drinking soda altogether.

YOUR INDEX NUMBER YOUR NAME
NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMANTION COUNCIL

 

KCPE 2004

ENGLISH SECTION B: COMPOSITION
Time: 40 minutes

 

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. In the spaces provided above write your full Index Number, your Name and the Name of your School.

2. Now open this paper, read the composition subject carefully and write your composition on the lines provided.

 

The candidate has potential, the account reads better and punctuation and paragraphing are good. Has a variety of sentence structures and good sentence and paragraph connectors, the candidates confuses
“block” with ‘bloke” that is slang for “man” and which almost always collocates with “old” In “old bloke” with the Idiom “chip off the old block” that is applied to a son that exhibits similar characteristics as those of the father, teachers need to teach the differences especially in homonym and homophones,
Mark awarded; 38

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2004

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE

Questions 1 to 15

For questions 1 to 15, select the best alternative to fill the blank spaces.

Our future diet 1 this small planet 2 contain a lot less meat, and a lot of new foods we haven’t even heard of 3 . If we think of the produce people grow and eat, we think of only a few 4 of grains or fruits, or vegetables, and probably we 5 those are the only ones that are available around the world. 6 Kenyans today only eat food taken from about twenty different crops, yet there are at 7 twenty thousand edible kinds of plants in the world. Many of 8 offer alternatives that are better for our health than a lot of the meals we eat now.
Most of us, for 9 , have eaten only one or two varieties of potatoes, 10 Latin American farmers grow up to fifty different types. Many are 11 suitable for our 12 and offer good nutrition.

Scientists are working to develop new food crops to 13 new needs. Some of these new crops 14 developed because they are easier to grow than existing ones, 15 because they are more resistant to disease.

 

1. A. in B. on C. at D. over
2. A. must B. would C. should D. will
3. A. yet B. ever C. still D. anyway
4. A. variety B. kinds C. type D. numbers
5. A. suppose B. suspect C. guess D. trust

For questions 16 to 18, choose the word that
least fits into the group.

16. A. cutlery

B. crockery

C. bedding

D. shirts

17. A. glance

B. gaze

C. stare

D. glare

18. A. grab

B. hold

C. touch

D. seize

For each of questions 19 and 20, choose the alternative which best completes the statement given.

19. Only after everyone has paid the fare

A. the bus will leave.

B. then the bus will leave.

C. and the bus will leave.

D. will the bus leave.

20. Musa asked her

A. where are you going.

B. where was she going.

C. where she was going.

D. where she is going.

In questions 21 and 22, choose the sentence that is correctly punctuated.

21. A. You don’t believe that. Do you?

B. I don’t like it’s colour.

C. Jane said, “The young man is my brother.”

D. She is asking whether you are hungry?

22. A. Your’s was accepted.

B. “Do you like travelling?” She asked.

C. Ipu bought the following items: sugar, flour, bread and honey.
D. What a surprise?

 

 

 

 

 

Read the information below and use it to answer questions 23 to 25.

 

K.C.P.E REVISION

120

There are six rooms arranged in a row and

numbered 1 to 6. Since the walls separating the rooms are weak, smells and noise can pass from one room to the one immediately next to it. Now, there are six girls who will get one room each. Those with the same hobbies will get rooms next to each other.
Wakesho likes painting. Auma and Nyaboke like baking. Chepkirui likes reading and must get room number 5 because it has book shelves. Wambui, Rahma and Auma like singing and practice quite often. Chepkirui requires silence in order to do her reading. Rahma hates the smell of baking and fresh paint.

23. Which of the rooms should be allocated to those who like singing?
A. 1, 3, 6

B. 2, 4, 6

C. 1, 2, 3

D. 2, 3, 4

24. Which room should Nyaboke get?

A. No. 1

B. No. 2

C. No. 3

D. No. 4

25. Who should occupy room number 6?

A. Wakesho

B. Auma

C. Rahma

D. Wambui

Read the following passage and then answer questions 26 to 38.

Marioshoni, as Waiyaki’s school was called, was well known in the country. Already it had a history. It had been Waiyaki’s idea and even now he could not understand fully how his idea had borne fruit so quickly. He saw it as something beyond himself, something arranged by fate. Event had followed event in quick succession, quickening the rhythm of life in the hills.

His father’s death had almost numbed him. He could not tell why, but Chege’s death, though not unexpected, came as a shock to him. It seemed unfair that Chege should have died at that particular time. He should have lived longer. And Waiyaki had gone on like a man drugged, not knowing what to think or do. He had all of a sudden become a grown man. He was now on his own. It was while he was in this mood that the idea of schools had come to him. But what could he do, he being so young? And what had happened meant that he would never go back to school himself. His time to work and serve the people had come.

Waiyaki regarded starting schools through self-help efforts as a kind of mission. It was a vision which he followed with hope and passion. He travelled from ridge to ridge, all over the country of the sleeping lions. He found a willing people. Yes, the ridges were beginning to awake. The trees, the birds and the paths he trod, all knew him, knew a man determined to serve his country.

Schools sprang up like mushrooms. Often a school was nothing more than a shed hurriedly thatched with grass. This work of building together was a tribute to the people’s way of co-operation. It was a determination to have something of their own making, fired by their own imagination.

The schools were overflowing with children, hungry for education. A class held many children crammed together. Their teachers, any who could be grabbed from Siriana, sat in front and the expectant little eyes looked up to them, wanting to drink in this learning. And mothers and fathers waited, expecting their children to come home full of learning and wisdom. People would feel proud, very proud, when a son or daughter came in the evening clutching exercise books and pencils.

The children caught the enthusiasm of their parents. Perhaps they saw they were the hope and the glory of the society.

Waiyaki was the headteacher of Marioshoni. He went there in the morning and went back home in the
evening. It was nearly always like that. He liked it. The walk gave him time to think about many of the

26. From the first sentence we can tell that Waiyaki’s school was
A. popular.

B. special.

C. famous.

D. historical.

27. What was surprising about Marioshoni?

A. What began as an idea soon became a reality.
B. Waiyaki saw it as something difficult to understand.
C. It became known as Waiyaki’s school.

D. Everything happened quite unexpectedly.

28. The expression “in quick succession” means

A. many events were quickly witnessed.

B. the rhythm of life changed suddenly.

C. an event taking place before another ends.
D. things happening rapidly one after the other.

29. Which of the following statements best explains how Waiyaki felt after his father’s death?
A. shocked and angry

B. confused and angry

C. fatherless and anxious

D. sad and unhappy

30. Why was Waiyaki at first hesitant to begin a school?
A. He did not know what people would think.
B. It was only an idea after all.

C. He thought he was too young.

D. It was something no one else had done.

31. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “the ridges were beginning to awake”?
A. People realised they should not continue sleeping.
B. People saw the need to build schools.

C. People accepted Waiyaki’s message willingly.
D. People woke up when they heard the news.

3 2.Why is the starting of schools compared to mushrooms?
A. It shows that many schools were soon built.
B. Maybe some had the shape of mushrooms.

C. It means that schools were everywhere.

D. Maybe they were roughly constructed.

 

33. The people were eager to co-operate because

A. Waiyaki had explained to them about the need for schools.

K.C.P.E REVISION 123

B. it was not possible to get help from other sources.
C. Waiyaki had found them a willing people.

D. it was a way of starting something of their own

34. Which of the following is not true about Waiyaki?
A. He had greatly depended on his father.

B. He did not want to go back to school.

C. He convinced people to work together.

D. He was committed to serving his community.

35. How do we know that teachers were difficult to get?
A. Schools were just being established.

B. Very few had been trained at that time.

C. They employed any they could get from Siriana.
D. Too many children were crammed together.

36. The children could best be described as

A. very enthusiastic.

B. very curious.

C. extremely knowledgeable.

D. extremely delighted.

37. In what way was walking to and from school

useful to Waiyaki?

A. He was used to walking from ridge to ridge.

B. He had time to think about how to solve problems.
C. He did not have other means of transport.

D. He probably enjoyed walking as an exercise.

38. Which of the following would be the best
summary for this passage?

A. Actions speak louder than words.

B. Unity and strength.

C. Where there is a will there is a way.

D. The pen is mightier than the sword.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

The children’s Act seeks to cater for children’s interests by making provisions for their protection by parents. This, however, is only one among the objectives of the Act. In the Act, parents are expected to exercise parental responsibility. This means all the duties, rights, powers and authority which a parent has over a child.

Who, according to the Act, has parental responsibility? More than one person may have parental responsibility for the same child at the same time. But a person who acquires that responsibility for a child at anytime, shall not cease to have it. The responsibility cannot be surrendered or transferred to another individual. The Act, however; allows for some or all the parental responsibility to be exercised by another person on the parent’s behalf.

Parental responsibility can, in some cases be withdrawn by an order of court. A child can apply to have parental responsibility terminated. This could be in cases of child abuse including sexual abuse, physical violence and denial of basic human needs.

All parents have a duty to maintain a child and in particular to provide the children with a balanced diet in order to ensure that they grow up healthy and strong and do not succumb to illness. Children are also entitled to adequate shelter, clothing and medical care. Knowledge is the key to success and parents should make sure their children attend school.

It is possible for a person to have the care and control of a child without legal parental responsibility. Such a person is expected to do what is reasonable in order to safeguard and promote the child’s welfare.

The Act has reserved some basic rights to parents, these include the right to give parental guidance in religious, moral, social and cultural values. The way a child is brought up will to a large extent depend on what the parents believe in. They must ensure that their beliefs are in the best interests of the child. Parents have the right to determine the name of a child. While different cultures ascribe to a variety of naming methods, a parent has the final say on the name of a child.

39. What is the purpose of the Children’s Act?

A. It protects both children and their parents.
B. It tells parents exactly what they ought to do.
C. It is to ensure that children’s rights are known and protected.
D. It encourages people to take interest in children’s welfare.

40. According to the Children’s Act, parents

A. should exercise parental responsibility.

B. may exercise parental responsibility.

C. will exercise parental responsibility.

D. shall exercise parental responsibility.

41. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. No more than one person can exercise parental responsibility.
B. Only one’s own parents can have parental responsibility.
C. Parents have authority, duties and powers over others.
D. One who gets parental responsibility cannot surrender or transfer it.

42. Which of the following can replace the word “cease”?
A. lose

B. stop

C. end

D. deny

43. The Children’s Act allows parents to ask other people to
A. look after their children on their behalf.

B. look up to their children on their behalf.

C. take up some of the responsibilities.

D. take over some of their children.

44. Parental responsibility can, in some cases, be withdrawn by an order of a court. This implies that
A. courts do not favour parents.

B. parents can take their children to court.

C. parents can easily get a court hearing.

D. courts can take away the rights of irresponsible parents.

 

 

 

 

 

 

45. What can children do if parents mistreat them?
A. They can take them to court.

B. They can stop being their children.

K.C.P.E REVISION 126

C. They can run away from home.

D. They can go to other relatives.

46. What would happen if children were denied a balanced diet?
A. They would grow thin.

B. They would get sick easily.

C. They would accuse their parents.

D. They would constantly be hungry.

 

47. Which of the following constitute basic needs?
A. Food, family, education and medical care.

B. Clothes, air, doctors and teachers.

C. Food, medicine, health and housing.

D. Clothes, food, medical care and housing.

48. “Knowledge is the key to success” means

A. Education makes people powerful.

B. Educated people do well in life.

C. Education can make you get a job.

D. Educated people can open doors easily.

49. Why is parental guidance important in a child’s upbringing?
A. It is a right parents have been given.

B. It is important for a child to have moral values.

C. It means that a child will have good beliefs.
D. It determines the kind of person the child becomes.

50. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Protection of children’s rights.

B. Parental responsibility.

C. The basic needs of children.

D. The interests of children.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2005

ENGLISH SECTION B: COMPOSITION

 

 

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. In the spaces provided above write your full Index Number, your Name and the Name of your School.

2. Now open this paper, read the composition subject carefully and write your composition on the lines provided.

 

 

 

 

 

You have 40 minutes to write your composition.

 

 

 

 

I had never been told such a story before. I laughed until tears came to my eyes. This is the story

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 129

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

KCPE 2005

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE
Questions 1 to 15

Fill each blank space in the following passage with the best
alternative.

Every day you make hundreds of decisions. Today you decided 1 to get up, what to wear, what to eat and whether or not to talk to a 2 person. You started 3 decision-making pattern when you were young and 4 use that same pattern today. 5 most people, this decision-making pattern is successful.
Poor decision-makers, 6 , usually do not realise that their decision-making process 7 inadequate.
Every time we have to make a decision, we must 8 understand why the decision is necessary. We 9 then consider the possible alternatives and select the 10 one. Our 11 in solving problems also increases if we include the opinions of others.
Some people 12 making decisions because they are afraid they will 13 a mistake. Their goal is to make the perfect decision, 14 there is no such thing as the perfect decision. Every decision is a risk. Good decision-makers know that almost 15 decision can be changed.

1. A. if B. whether C. when D. why
2. A particular B. another C. different D. special
3. A any B. some C. this D. a
4. A usually B. probably C. certainly D. rarely
5. A. For B. In C. To D. With
6. A. therefore B. thus C. moreover D. however
7. A. may be B. must be C. would be D. will be
8. A really B. quite C. fully D. somehow
9. A must B. might C. can D. could

In questions 16 to 18, choose the correct alternative to fill the blank space in each sentence.

16. The food was delicious that we asked for more.
A. quite

B. too

C. so

D. very

17. My grandfather never tires of reading his
book.

A. black big old

B. black old big

C. big black old

D. big old black

18. Hard though he hit the coconut, he not break it.
A. could

B. would

C. might

D. should

In questions 19 to 21, choose the alternative that
means the same as the underlined words.

19. The boxer gave in in the final round.

A. won

B. surrendered

C. fell

D. struggled

20. Where did you put up last night?

A. reside

B. live

C. stay

D. dwell

21. They made away with a lot of goods.

A. stole

B. took

C. bought

D. Carried

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In questions 22 and 23, choose the alternative that means the same as the given sentence.

K.C.P.E REVISION 132

22. I asked her, “What are you doing now?”

A. I asked her what are you doing now?

B. I asked her what she was doing now.

C. I asked her what was she doing then?

D. I asked her what she was doing then.

23. I hardly slept last night.

A. I did not sleep last night.

B. I had little sleep last night.

C. I could not sleep last night.

D. I had a little sleep last night

For questions 24 and 25, arrange the sentences given to form a sensible paragraph.

24. (i) It is unusual for one to talk to such people using complicated language.
(ii) These should also be the features of a letter to a relative or friend.
(iii) Writing a letter to a relative or friend is like conversing with them.
(iv) In a conversation, one uses friendly and simple language.
A. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)

B. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

C. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

D. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

25. (i) A lot of young players unfortunately do not know that team work is important.
(ii) It is important for young players to accept the advice of their coach.
(iii) They must, however, learn that “I” has to be replaced by “we”.
(iv) Often the things pointed out during practice affect the outcome of the game.

A. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

B. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

C. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) D (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

Read the passage below and answer questions 26 to 38.

In the middle of a great jungle, there lived a great lion who was also a great king. He ruled the jungle so wisely that all the animals loved and obeyed him. That’s why at the beginning of every year, they all came to him to pay their rent. They came from the rocks, caves, trees, holes, rivers, nests, mountains and valleys. They paraded before the king as he decided how much rent each would pay. The amount was always fair and no one ever complained – no one but the crocodile who brought nothing but his bad temper.
A new year was here and the animals of the jungle all came to pay their rent. As usual the crocodile was unwilling to comply, but the king was unwilling to relent and insisted that the crocodile pay the ten shillings due for living in the water. Since the king was kind he gave the crocodile until later in the year to pay his rent. The crocodile then went on his way, grumbling. The last animal to come before the king was the tiniest monkey, whom the king required to pay ten cents for living in the tallest tree. The monkey paid his rent promptly and was soon on his way home.
When he reached the end of the path near his palm tree by the river, he had an awful feeling in the pit of his stomach. He was about to scamper up his tree when he was overcome by a great sense of fear. “Is anyone there?” he timidly asked, hoping that no one would answer. He peered into the dark grass and there, peering back, were the two most dreadful eyes in the jungle.
Just then, the crocodile responded, “It’s your friend the crocodile. I have been waiting for you as I want to give you a ride across the river. I have something nice to show you.” The monkey’s mind went blank and before it began working again he was hunched wetly on the crocodile’s back, floating out into the wide river. His teeth were chattering and his tail was tangled in three big knots. Near the middle of the river, the crocodile began to submerge himself into the water. The only dry place left for the poor frightened monkey to sit was on the crocodile’s head, right around the corner of his mouth. It was at this moment that the crocodile demanded ten shillings for the ride, knowing very well that the monkey could not raise it. The monkey informed the crocodile that he had just paid his last ten cents as rent. The crocodile was adamant. He threatened that if the monkey did not pay, he would eat him up.
The monkey then had a brilliant idea. He remembered just how much crocodiles love to eat kidneys. He giggled in excitement and told the crocodile, “Oh, what a shame! It just goes to show how little you know about monkeys.” When the crocodile inquired what he meant, the monkey asked, “Do you really want to eat me without my kidneys? Don’t you know that Mondays are monkeys’ washing day, and as such, I have washed and polished my kidneys and left them in the sun to dry?” He further explained that he had been about to go up his tree to pop them back in when he encountered the crocodile. The monkey went on to add that if the crocodile returned him to his tree, he would get the kidneys.
The crocodile, though large in body, was small in brain. When he thought of the newly washed monkey kidneys – all pink, fresh, shiny and tasty looking, he could not resist. He therefore agreed to the monkey’s request. After getting back to his tree, the monkey sweetly told the crocodile, “Before I come down, open your mouth wide to receive my kidneys. They will give you appetite to eat the rest of me.” The crocodile obliged and the monkey threw down the biggest and hardest coconut he

26. Which of the following statements best summarises the information about king lion in the first paragraph?

A. The king ruled the animals of the jungle with great wisdom.
B. The king was only interested in the rent paid by the animals.
C. The king ruled so well that all the animals lived in harmony.
D. The king was loved by all the animals of the jungle.

27. The crocodile usually paid his rent

A. at the beginning of the year.

B. at the end of the year.

C. at no time in the year.

D. at a different time in the year.

28. What is the similarity between the lion and the crocodile?
A. Both are unwilling to give in to each other’s wishes.
B. The crocodile is as fierce as the lion.

C. Both accept that the crocodile should pay 10 shillings rent.
D. The lion and the crocodile are both big animals.

A. No animal ever complained about the rent.
B. He was loved by all the animals.

C. He allowed the crocodile more time to pay his rent.
D. He was a great wise king.

30. Why do you think the monkey’s mind went blank?
A. He was confused.

B. He was terrified.

C. He was excited

D. He was troubled.

31. The crocodile submerged himself in the water because he wanted to
A. scare the monkey.

B. be paid for the ride.

C. eat the monkey.

D. drown the monkey.

 

 

32. The monkey giggled in excitement because he
A. realised the crocodile knew little about monkeys.
B. knew he was safe without his kidneys.

 

29. Which of the following statements shows that the king was kind?
K.C.P.E REVISION

 

135

C. remembered how crocodiles love kidneys. D had discovered a way to save himself.

37. What is the lesson learnt from this story?

33. What does the phrase “small in brain” as used in the passage mean?
A. ignorant

B. foolish

C. innocent

D. forgetful

34. The words “he could not resist” suggest that the crocodile was
A. anxious.

B. weak.

C. hungry

D. greedy.

35. Which of the following best describes the monkey?
A. He was clever.

B. He was trusting.

C. He was dishonest.

D. He was cruel.

36. On which day of the week was the crocodile unable to swallow anything?
A. Sunday

B. Monday

C. Tuesday

D. Wednesday

A. We should always pay our rent.

B. We should forgive others.

C. We should use our brains.

D. We reap what we sow.

38. What would be the most appropriate title of this passage?
A. A false friendship.

B. The crocodile meets his match.

C. Monkey’s tempting kidneys.

D. Ride across the river.

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 136

39. Why do people love gifts?

A. Gifts make people excited.

B. They make people know they are appreciated
C. They make people important.

D. Gifts are used to mark important occasions.

40. The expression “those close to us” means

A. our relatives and friends.

B. those who live very near our homes.

C. people we meet every day.

D. people who are very interested in us.

41. Passing an examination is given as an example of
A. a great achievement through effort.

B. things that motivate people to celebrate.

C. what happens when people are rewarded.

D. occasions when one may receive gifts.

42. Which of the following best summarises the information in the second paragraph?
A. Boys and girls should not accept free things.
B. It is important to find out why someone is giving us gifts.
C. Some people give gifts with good intentions.

D. Wicked people use gifts as a way of exploiting children.

43. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “lure”?
A. attract

B. trap

C. cheat

D. confuse

44. Which of the following statements is true according to the third paragraph?
A Kind and generous people can pretend.

B. Some people can strike mercilessly.

C. Anyone can be deceived through gifts.

D. Expensive gifts are very dangerous.

45. Why do needy people easily become victims of abuse?
A. They may assume that those willing to meet their needs are really concerned about them.
B. They become very grateful and do not ask questions.
C. It is wrong to disobey someone who has been so good to you.
D. It is not always easy to know what they should do.

46. Which of the following is not true about the principal’s wife?

K.C.P.E REVISION 137

A. She was not sure why the man was bringing them gifts.
B. She knew the man had some evil intentions.
C. She did not want free things from strangers.
D. She gave her husband very good advice.

47. How can we best complete the sentence beginning,
“If he had accepted the gifts….”

A. he would have saved his money.

B. he would have hurt his wife.

C. he would have been found guilty of corruption.
D. he would have found it difficult not to admit the girl.

48. Why does the writer advise people to be contented?
A. Those who are not can be misled easily.

B. They can never have everything they want.
C. Being discontented can make one unhappy.
D. It is the only way to enjoy life.

49. We should reject gifts given with bad intentions politely because

A. we might get into trouble if we don’t.

B. it is important to practise good manners.

C. some people could harm us if we are rude.

D. the giver may have good intentions after all.

50. Why does the writer suggest that we should consult other people when in doubt?
A. It is very important to know what others think.
B. Other people may sometimes help us to think.
C. It is never easy to know what to do.

D. Other people may have useful knowledge and experience.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

Can you recall the last time you received a gift? How did you feel? We all love gifts and it is exciting to give or receive one. Gifts motivate us and remind us that there are still people who care about us.
Parents, relatives and friends give us presents on important occasions. When we pass an examination, for example, those close to us may want to reward our efforts by showering us with gifts. Gifts strengthen relationships and encourage people to do well.
Gifts take many forms. Someone could offer to give you a ride to school or buy you lunch. Another may give you a watch, a goat or clothes. There have been cases of school boys and school girls being allowed to travel free of charge in buses and matatus. All these are examples of gifts and they may be given out of pure motives. However, some people often give gifts with evil intentions. Wicked people have used gifts to lure children whom they have then sexually abused or exploited in other ways.
Young people as well as adults can be deceived by those who pretend to be kind and generous. Such people may give expensive gifts intending to win the trust and friendship of those they are planning to exploit. Then, when they think they can get what they have been waiting for, they strike mercilessly.
Those who easily become victims are the poor and needy. Such people become very grateful when someone shows them concern and offers to provide what they need most. Feelings of gratitude may make a person do regrettable things. For example, if someone who has shown you great kindness asks you to do something which you know is wrong, you may find it very difficult to refuse. If a person pays your school fees and buys you clothes, you may find it impossible to resist his sexual advances. So when a person is too good to you, ask yourself what his or her motives are.
A principal of a certain college began receiving a very generous visitor in his house. The visitor was very frequent and would come loaded with gifts. After some time, the principal’s wife started
becoming suspicious. Why does this person give us so many things, yet we don’t know each other well? She asked herself. She suggested to her husband that every time the person brought them things, they should calculate their value and send somebody to pay for them the following day. The man had a shop near the college. He would take the money reluctantly. After three months, he came to the principal’s house accompanied by his daughter. He wanted the daughter admitted but she did not qualify. The principal explained why he could not admit her. If he had accepted the “gifts”,….
Be careful. Many people have got into trouble because they accepted gifts without considering who the giver was or what he or she wanted in return. If we are careful, we can save ourselves a lot of heartaches. If you are not sure why someone is giving you a present, reject it politely. You can also consult your parents or older brothers or sisters if you find it difficult to decide. Many people will want to tempt you to accept favours from them. Say “No!” Be contented with what you have. Many of those who go astray want to have things they cannot afford and when someone comes and promises to provide what they long for, they fall in to the trap.

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2006

ENGLISH SECTION B: COMPOSITION

 

 

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. In the spaces provided above write your full Index Number, your Name and the Name of your School.

2. Now open this paper, read the composition subject carefully and write your composition on the lines provided.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2006

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE

Questions 1 to 15

Read the passage below. It contains blank spaces numbered 1 to 15. For each blank space, choose the best

alternative from the choices given.

 

When some people shower us with praise, we feel very flattered 1 we? In our delight, we forget that 2
people may have bad intentions 3 us. Take the story of the crow 4 the fox, for example. The

hardworking crow had managed to snatch a piece of roast meat from the butcher’s. Up she 5 with it into

the branches of a tall tree, intending to enjoy her 6 .

The fox had been watching all this with a watering mouth for he really wanted the 7 piece for

himself. He therefore planned his approach very 8 . “Oh crow,” he said, “your eyes shine 9 than all

the stars. And your neck is 10 beautifully long. Your wings, my friend 11 be more graceful!” The fox continued, “But alas! How unfortunate 12 you were born dumb. I am sure yours would have been a

melodious 13 .” The crow was pleased with the flattery. However, she was annoyed that the fox thought

she could not sing. She therefore wanted to 14 the fox. She opened her mouth to sing and the meat dropped right 15 the waiting mouth of the fox.

 

1. A. do B. don’t C. are D. aren’t

2. A. some B. many C. most D. such

3. A. towards B. to C. against D. for

For questions 16 to 18, select the alternative that best
completes the sentence.

 

16. Kemboi chose to walk the three kilometres to the market it was very hot.

A. because

B. but

C. while

D. though

 

17. “Come first December this year and my sister
two years old.”

A. shall be

B. will be

C. could be

D. should be

 

18. The teacher was very with the pupils who had not done their homework.

A. sad

B. annoyed

C. disturbed

D. sorry

 

For questions 19 to 21, select the alternative that
means the same as the underlined expression.

 

19. Njeri works very hard in spite of the fact that she is very old.

A. although

B. but

C. moreover

D. despite

 

20. Wanyama wanted to make up for the time he had lost.
A. create

B. restore

C. replace

D. recover

 

21. Abdi was in a hurry to wind up the meeting.

A. postpone

B. end

C. leave

D. Stop

 

In questions 22 and 23, choose the alternative that
means the same as the underlined sentence.

 

22. Had it not been for the quick response of the ambulance team, the patient would not have survived.

A. The ambulance team responded quickly and the patient survived.

B. If the ambulance team had responded quickly the patient would have survived.
C. Because the ambulance team responded quickly the patient survived.

D. If the ambulance team responded quickly the

patient would not have survived.

 

23. In a court of law people who have broken the law without knowing it still get punished for the offence.

A. People get punished in a court of law only for breaking the law, deliberately.
B. Whether people break the law or not, they are punished in a court of law.
C. People get punished in a court of law whether or not they were aware of the law they broke.
D. People who get punished in a court of law

neither have broken a law nor are they aware of it.

For questions 24 and 25, choose the best arrangement of the given sentences to make a sensible paragraph.

24. (i) People with diabetes are advised to eat a special diet that will either increase or reduce the sugar levels.

(ii) In one there is excess sugar in the bloodstream while in the other there isn’t enough.

(iii) The disease appears in two different forms.

(iv) Diabetes has become a serious world problem.

A. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

B. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

C. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)

D. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

 

25. (i) Pupils who pass examinations are those who

are both diligent and disciplined.

(ii) Studying involves both discipline and diligence.
(iii) Discipline, on the other hand, requires planned, regular and persistent preparation for lessons as well as continuous revision of work covered.

(iv) Diligence refers to the care, determination and hard work a pupil puts into the study.

A. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

B. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

C. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

D. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

Read the following passage and answer questions 26 to 38.

Last December, Fulora and her brother Jakobo spent the holidays at their uncle’s home. One thing they loved here was the large space in which they could play as much as they wished. Furthermore, Uncle Samba did not mind their playing all day; much of the housework was done by the househelp.
It was the last day of the holidays and the two had decided to enjoy themselves as much as possible in the little time left. They were too busy playing with a ball to notice the mother hen together with her seven chicks feeding nearby. Suddenly, one of the chicks let out a feeble squeak and lay lifeless. Fulora had thrown the ball which had hit the young bird rather hard.
“Fulora, you have killed it! What will you say?” whispered Jakobo after looking in all directions to ensure no one was watching. Fulora, who was trembling with fear, said she would explain everything to Uncle Samba and apologise. But Jakobo would hear none of it. “If you do that, we shall never be allowed to set foot here again. The best thing to do is hide the chick and pretend nothing has happened.” Fulora nodded in agreement and a deal was sealed. Not a word was to be spoken to anyone about the ball and chick incident.
Little did Fulora realise that she had sold herself into slavery. Whenever Jakobo had any task he did not feel like performing, he demanded that Fulora do it. Any protests from her were met by the words: “The ball and the chick, remember?” Fearing that her shameful act would be exposed, she would carry out the task without further complaint.
Soon Fulora was doing almost all of Jakobo’s work at school and at home. When he saw her doing her own work, he assumed she was idle and immediately came up with a task she had to do. Fed up with this arrangement, Fulora one day made up her mind to free herself from the chains of guilt. She chose a moment when her brother was away and her mother seemed to be in high spirits, and told her everything.
“My dear, I already know about the incident. Uncle Samba told me all about it. He saw everything happen from his bedroom window. I have been waiting to see whether you are as honest as you claim to be.
Now I’m glad you’ve confessed,” Mother said sweetly. “What has upset me, however, is the fact that you have allowed your brother to blackmail you for all this time.” After apologising and thanking her mother for understanding, Fulora felt as if she had suddenly been relieved of a heavy load.
That evening Jakobo came home and demanded that Fulora take off his shoes from his feet. He claimed he had walked for a long distance and was dog-tired. Fulora ignored him. He began his usual threats but this fell on deaf ears.
“Mummy will know today that you murdered Uncle Samba’s chick!” he thundered, walking out of the room.
Seething with anger, Jakobo stormed into the living room where his mother was reading. He tried

D. He was full of fear.

26. What did the children like most about Uncle Samba’s home?
A. All the housework was done by the househelp.
B. They liked spending their holidays there.

C. Uncle Samba did not mind them playing there.
D. It had a large playing space.

27. Why didn’t the children notice the mother hen and her chicks?
A. They were too involved in their game.

B. There was little time left.

C. They had decided to enjoy themselves thoroughly.
D. It was the last day of the holiday.

28. The word “feeble” as used in the passage means
A. dying.

B. soft.

C. weak.

D. slow.

29. Why do you think Jakobo whispered?

A. He could not talk aloud.

B. He thought someone might hear them.

C. He did not want to frighten Fulora.

30. According to the fourth paragraph

A. Fulora sometimes refused to do Jakobo’s work.
B. Jakobo sometimes did his work himself.

C. Fulora became a slave unconsciously.

D. Jakobo met Fulora whenever she protested.

31. Why did Fulora decide to expose the incident?
A. Her mother was in high spirits.

B. Her brother was away.

C. She wanted to reveal everything.

D. She was tired of being blackmailed by Jakobo.

32. Jakobo came up with a task for Fulora when

A. she appeared idle.

B. she tried to do her own work.

C. he had work at school or at home.

D. he saw her working.

had confessed?

A. She had been waiting for a long time for Fulora to confess.
B. She now knew that Fulora was as honest as she had claimed to be.
C. She already knew the whole truth.

D. She now knew Fulora would not be blackmailed anymore.

 

 

34. Why did Fulora ignore Jakobo when asked to remove his shoes?
A. She knew he was not dog-tired.

B. She was now fed up with his threats.

C. She knew he had no power over her.

D. She was used to his usual threats.

35. Jakobo uses the word “murdered” to suggest that Fulora killed the chick
A. and kept quiet.

B. deliberately.

C. with the bail.

D. carelessly.

36. Which of the following best explains why Jakobo was seething with anger?
A. His sister had betrayed him.

B. He tried to speak but words deserted him.

C. He thundered out of the room.

D. His sister had refused to carry out his instructions.

37. In the last paragraph, why didn’t Jakobo’s mother “know what to say”? She knew
A. Jakobo was blackmailing his sister.

B. she hadn’t done any work.

C. Jakobo’s performance hadn’t really improved.
D. that the classteacher was ignorant.

38. The most important lesson we learn from this story is that
A. it is always good to be honest.

B. blackmailing others is wrong.

C. mistreating one’s sister is unfair.

D. it is always wrong to hide things.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

There is no doubt that the taste, flavour and appearance of food have great influence on our desire for the food, or appetite. Most foods can be made more attractive by adding a wide range of spices, which also stimulate the flow of digestive juices and consequently improve digestion.
In many communities today, spices are used in much smaller quantities and are not considered as important as they were a hundred years ago.
Back then, most people did not have as wide a range of food as we have today. For this reason, large quantities of spices were essential to give variety to the monotonous salty flavour of food. In addition, spices were also used for medicinal purposes. Common ailments such as influenza and mild stomach upsets were dealt with using different kinds of those food additives.
Spices were probably first introduced to different parts of the world by Arab merchants; indeed Arabia was for a long time regarded as the home of spices. However, in actual sense, most of the spices first came from Southern India and the Moluccas or Spice Islands.
Spices originate from plants and can be classified according to the part of the plant from which they are derived. We have fruit spices, of which pepper is the most widely-used. Most of us probably associate pepper with that hot, stinging feeling which some people love, It is, however, important to note that there are different varieties of this spice, some of which have no “hotness” at all. Seed spices are made from ground plant seeds. These kinds normally add more colour than flavour to food, the best known being mustard.
The buds and stigmas of certain plants can be dried and ground to give us flower spices. These give our food a strong aroma and a desirable taste. Cloves are the best known in this category. The bark of some plants is removed and prepared to make bark spices such as cinnamon which is used to flavour cakes. Lastly, the lowest part of the plant, the root also contributes to the world of spices by giving us root spices. These are also known for their medicinal value. Ginger is the best-known root spice.
Today, spices are packed and sold under different trade names, and some are mixed to come up with a blend. It is therefore advisable to know the ingredients of that packet of spices you want to buy to avoid wasting your money on a spice you did not intend to have on your table.

39. Digestive juices are important because they improve our
A. appetite.

B. digestion.

C. range of spices.

D. desire for food.

40. From the passage we learn that the taste, flavour and appearance of food
A. make it more attractive to us.

B. determine our choice of spices.

C. influence our appetite.

D. are important aspects in our diet.

41. Which of the following does not explain why spices were used more frequently a hundred years ago?
A. The food was monotonous then.

B. People had a limited variety of food.

C. Spices were also used for medicinal purposes.
D. Spices added a new taste to common food.

42. According to the passage, Arab merchants

A. traded in spices.

B. came from Southern India.

C. stored and blended spices.

43. “Derived” as used in the passage means:

A. found.

B. removed.

C. obtained.

D. produced.

44. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “monotonous” as used in the passage?
A. unpleasant.

B. boring.

C. common.

D. tasteless.

45. Pepper is given as an example of a

A. hot stinging feeling.

B. fruit spice.

C. widely-used spice.

D. spice some people love.

B. They do not add flavour to food.

C. They can be found on the ground.

D. They make food more attractive.

47. How are cloves similar to cinnamon?

A. They are both from buds and stigmas.

B. They are used to flavour cakes.

C. They are the best-known spices.

D. They both add flavour to food.

48. Which of the following is true of root spices? They
A. are the lowest part of the plant.

B. must be dried first.

C. can cure some illnesses.

D. are a type of ginger.

49. Why is it necessary to know the ingredients of packed spices before buying them?
A. You might waste your money.

B. You need to know if they are mixed.

C. Spices are sold under different trade names.
D. To avoid purchasing what you did not intend to.

50. What do we learn about spices from this passage?
A. Some do not change the taste of food.
K.C.P.E REVISION 151

B. Most of them are blends.

C. Most of them are grown outside Africa.

D. Some are made from plants.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2007

ENGLISH S

 

As soon as the bell for break rang ,I rushed out of the classroom to look for my friends. I was eager to tell them the story

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 152

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The candidate displays some mastery of the language. The account is generally captivating to read and the plot is well execut ed.

Yet there are glaring flaws in the composition. The take-off is faulty. The candidate addresses the reader rather than the friends. There is no mention of the friends reaction. I t i s assumed the story we are reading is what was told to the friends at some other time. This is not correct.
The candidate has not quite mastered the use of direct speech and fails in the perennial trap of misusing English idioms. Some spelling and punctuation errors are also evident.
Mark awarded, 34.

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

KCPE 2007

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE
Questions 1 to 15

 

Read the passage below. It contains blank spaces numbered 1 to 15. For each blank space, choose the
best alternative from the choices given.

Few people would 1 that physical exercise is important for 2 health. It is not only those who 3 part in competitive sports and games who need to exercise 4 . Our bodies are 5 in such a way that we tend to become weak and lazy 6 we remain inactive over long periods of time. The benefits of exercising are 7 . First, we feel a sense of freshness and fitness as we move 8 doing our daily duties. In addition, the circulation of blood 9 our bodies is improved. Our immune system is boosted so we don’t get ill very often. 10 , we are able to endure longer periods of 11 work without feeling exhausted. Our digestive system is also improved hence our bodies get maximum 12 from the food we eat. Vigorous exercise done at least twice a week will enable us to enjoy these benefits. 13 , there is need to consult a doctor 14 a person who is experienced in physical training before starting an exercise 15 since our bodies differ in the type of activities each of us can comfortably do.

 

1. A. reject B. oppose C. refuse D. deny

2. A. proper B. nice C. good D. full
K.C.P.E REVISION 155
3. A. take B. get C. play D. have

In questions 16 and 17, choose the best arrangement of the given sentences to make sensible paragraphs.

18. Atieno has been married a long time. She got

16. (i) They found it hard to survive.

(ii) Mr. and Mrs. Onyancha were poor and humble.
(iii) A little cassava and some porridge was their staple diet.
(iv) There was hardly ever enough food in their home.

married years old.
A. because

B. as

C. when

D. since

she was twenty-three

A. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

B. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

C. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

D. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

17. (i) She told of how people first came onto the Earth.
(ii) We really enjoyed listening to her.

(iii) She also told stories about giants and strange creatures.
(iv) Ahmed’s grandmother loved to tell stories

A. (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)

B. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)

C. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

D. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

In questions 18 to 20, choose the alternative that
best fits in the blank space.

19. I could not sleep I was very tired.

A. although

B. but

C. also

D. and

20. They are very kind to me. They treat me
their own child.

A. like I was

B. like I were

C. as if I were

D. as if 1 was.

 

 

 

For questions 21 and 22 choose the alternative that means the same as the underlined sentences.

K.C.P.E REVISION 156

21. Not only did they come late, but they were also untidy.
A. They were either late or untidy.

B. They were late and untidy too.

C. They were untidy because they were late.

D. They were neither punctual nor untidy

22. Lydia said she would soon be fourteen.

25. Our teacher told us never to despair.

A. give out

B. give up

C. give in

D. give way

A. Lydia said ‘she would soon be fourteen’.

B. ‘I will soon be fourteen, Lydia said’.

C. Lydia said, ‘I would soon be fourteen’.

D. ‘I will soon be fourteen,’ Lydia said.

In questions 23 to 25, choose the alternative that means the same as the underlined word.

23. We were astonished by his wisdom.

A. amazed

B. amused

C. excited

D. shocked

24. The orphaned child acquired a new home.

A. discovered

B. received

C. sought

D. found

Read the passage below and then answer questions 26 to 38.

 

Maina’s friend, Odhiambo, began to teach him how to ride a bicycle during the holidays.
Odhiambo

himself had no bicycle, but he could easily borrow one from a mechanic. This mechanic lived in one of
the

rental rooms owned by Odhiambo’s father. During the day, he worked under a tree in front of the house.
Many people brought their bicycles to him to be repaired. Sometimes they wanted the brakes mended or a
punctured tube repaired. Whatever it was, the mechanic was equal to the job. If you passed by any time of the day, you would see him in his brown greasy work clothes putting life into a damaged bicycle. Usually, he

turned the bicycle upside-down with its wheels in the air while he worked on it. A signboard with his nickname, DOCTOR OF BICYCLES, was nailed to the tree.
Besides the bicycles which came to him for repairs, the mechanic also had about five or six of his

own which he hired out for ten shillings an hour. It was one of these Odhiambo borrowed. He did not tell the

mechanic that a learner was going to ride it.

The bicycle was meant for adults and was too high for Maina but he made rapid progress. If he
sat on

the saddle, his feet would not reach the pedals. So he adopted what was called the monkey-style; he rode

standing on the pedals on one side of the triangular frame.

After about one week of practice, Maina was able to ride long distances without falling off. He
was

even able to whistle a song as he rode along. Odhiambo was impressed with Maina’s progress and suggested

that it was time he tried riding on the main road instead of the playing field.

Maina was a little doubtful at first, but he agreed in the end to try one of the less busy roads. To
his

26. From the first paragraph, we can tell that Odhiambo
A. came from a poor family

B. was easy to get along with

C. liked teaching people things

D. lived near the mechanic.

27. The expression “the mechanic was equal to the job” means that the mechanic was
A. willing to do the job

B. the same as other mechanics

C. better than other mechanics

D. highly skilled at the job.

28. Which of the following does not explain why the mechanic was nicknamed ‘Doctor of
Bicycles’?

A. He turned bicycles upside-down.

B. He put life into damaged bicycles.

C. He mended punctures and brakes.

D. He repaired bicycles for many people.

29. If the mechanic had known that his bicycle would be ridden by a learner, he would probably have
A. charged more than ten shillings

B. accompanied the learner

C. refused to lend it out

D. warned the learner.

30. Odhiambo used to get a bicycle without paying any money because
A. he was trusted by the mechanic

B. the mechanic was his father’s tenant

C. he hid information from the mechanic

D. the mechanic had several bicycles.

31. According to the passage, a good rider is one who is able to
A. ride on the main road

B. whistle while riding along

C. use the monkey-style

D. ride over long distances.

32. Which of the following best describes Maina’s attitude as he rode on the main road?
A. pleased

B. proud

C. excited

D. overconfident.

 

 

 

33. The actual cause of Maina’s accident was

A. the fact that he panicked

B. his swerving the bicycle

K.C.P.E REVISION 159

C. his hitting the electricity pole

D. the car that was heading towards him.

34. Odhiambo and Maina decided to report the matter to the mechanic only after
A. they knew they could not escape

B. three spokes were broken

C. failing to mend the wheel

D. the front wheel failed to roll.

35. Maina led the mechanic round and round because he did not
A. know the actual street

B. want his uncle to know the truth

C. know the number of their house

D. want to be taken to the police station.

36. What do the mechanic and the woman in the story have in common? They both
A. have their rights

B. are abusive

C. are ready to fight

D. are unforgiving.

37. The words ‘melted away’ suggest that Maina disappeared from the scene
A. without being noticed

B. very quickly

C. very confidently

D. without making noise.

38. What is the most important lesson to be learnt
from this passage?

A. Pride goes before a fall.

B. Look before you leap.

C. Hurry, hurry has no blessing.

D. Treat others as you would want to be treated.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

 

The way we relate with other people determines whether our lives will be happy or not.
Therefore it is important to choose our friends carefully. If you have the wrong kind of friends, your life could be miserable, full of pain and disappointment. You need to associate with those who love and accept you just as you are. They are likely to bring joy into your life. People who possess the following qualities are the right ones to befriend.

First of all, go for those who respect you. Those who allow you to be yourself, listen to you and care about your feelings. Such people do not do or say things that make you feel small or useless. You see, certain people are so full of themselves that they do not value anyone else’s opinion. They think they are always right. They ridicule and belittle the contributions of others. Keep away from such characters. They are not good for you.

Another characteristic to look for in a friend is trust. Relate with people you can rely on. Such people keep their promises. When you live with others at home, community or school, you soon discover that many of them keep letting you down. I have known people who pretend to be my friends, only to realize later that they were not sincere. They just wanted to use me for their own gain. They took advantage of our relationship. I have occasionally shared some personal information with friends and I have expected them to keep it secret. But the very following day, the story is on everybody’s lips. At such times, I have felt so embarrassed that I have wished the earth would open up and swallow me. So a friend you can depend on is a gem, a rare treasure.

Thirdly, in a world where people are so rude and inconsiderate, you should look for people with good manners. Life is much more enjoyable when we are thoughtful and courteous towards each other. Saying ‘thank you’, ‘sorry’ sounds very simple. However, these wonderful expressions do not exist in many people’s vocabulary. Associate with people who show gratitude and who remember to apologise when they offend you. Avoid the bad-mannered because they will only cause you heartaches.

There is another quality that few people seem to possess. This is a sense of humour. Many of us take life too seriously and focus on the negative side of things. Do not be like that. Gather around you friends with whom you can enjoy a hearty belly laugh, those who can even point out things about you that you can laugh at. Of course you should not laugh at others. No, no! That is unkind. But befriend people who help you to notice the funny side of life.

39. Why should you pick friends wisely?

A. Not everyone can be your friend.

B. They make your life happy or unhappy.

C. Wrong friends can easily mislead you.

D. You cannot blame anyone if you choose unwisely.

40. When you ridicule what others say, you

A. oppose it

B. refuse to listen

C. completely ignore it

D. make fun of it.

41. People who do not respect you may

A. show little concern about your feelings

B. make you small and useless

C. not want to be near you

D. not want to talk to you.

42. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the expression ‘so full of
themselves’?

A. satisfied

B. unkind

C. arrogant

D. unfriendly

43. The writer has been embarrassed by people who
K.C.P.E REVISION

A. share personal information

B. cannot be relied on

C. reveal other people’s secrets

D. always let others down.

44. The writer suggests that many people do not

A. use wonderful expressions

B. know polite words

C. have words like ‘sorry’ in their dictionaries

D. apologise or express gratitude.

45. Laughter in the passage is associated with

A. enjoying life always

B. a sense of humour

C. a life that is not serious

D. amusing yourself occasionally.

46. If you and your friends have different interests, you are likely to
A find the relationship less fulfilling.

B. forget some of your goals.

C. find everything you do boring.

D. stop dreaming about the future.

 

 

47. Why does the writer suggest that we should not laugh at others?

162

A. It may not be funny at all.

B. We should take life more seriously.

C. We should only laugh at ourselves.

D. It may cause embarrassment.

48. Which of the following words can best replace realise as used in the last paragraph?
A. experience

B. have

C. achieve

D. gain.

49. Choose the combination that best describes a
good friend.

A. loving, respectful, reliable

B. reliable, respectable, courteous

C. loving, respectable, funny

D. courteous, funny, respectful

50. Which of the following is the best summary of this passage?
A. People who do not love you should be avoided.
B. You should be very careful when choosing friends.
C. People who respect you will always be helpful.

D. You should only relate closely with those who accept you.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2008

ENGLISH SECTION B: COMPOSITION

 

 

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. In the spaces provided above write your full Index Number, your Name and the Name of your School.

2. Now open this paper, read the composition subject carefully and write your composition on the lines provided.

 

 

 

 

 

You have 40 minutes to write your composition.

BEST COMPOSITION 2008

When we arrived in the school at 3,oclock from the standard eight educational tour, we were surprised to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This is one of the pieces that merits the highest honours in this year’s composition writing. It is well conceived and well executed The take off from the given sentence is superb. It involves the reader from the beginning to the end, and one can feel and share the enthusiasm of the candidate and feel that they are present at the venue of the action described. The language is good and apt. In fact such vagueness as “radiants of joy” is likely-to be missed because of the involvement of the reader!
Marks awarded 38

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

KCPE 2008

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE
Questions 1 to 15

 

Read the passage below. It contains blank spaces numbered 1 to 15. For each blank space, choose the best
alternative

from the choices given.

 

Police officers raided a home on _1_ outskirts of town yesterday and seized an assortment of electronic
goods.

The men _2_ the police found during the early evening raid were arrested and _3_ in police cells. _4_ suspects
are

being sought.

The police spokesperson told the press that the goods _5_ suspected to have been _6_ from a neighbouring country. Investigations have _7_ started in order to establish the nationalities of the suspects as they have no identification _8_.

It is not clear _9_ the goods were destined for another country, or were to be sold locally. On the local
_10_ the

goods are estimated _11_ten million shillings. The head of the area Criminal Investigation Unit said that the suspects

would soon be _12 _ in a court of law but declined to give further details.

The police _13_ the home following a tip off from _14 _caller who had been suspicious of the people living in
the

home. He told the police that the men stayed indoors _15_ daytime and only went out late in the night.

For questions 16 to 18 choose the alternative that best completes the statement given.

16. The Mutukus are so kind

A. because they always help people

B. as they always help people

C. that they always help people

D. since they always help people.

17. Have they been forbidden

A. to go to town?

B. from going to town?

C. not to go to town?

D. against going to town?

18. Would you have done that job if you

A. had been paid well?

B. were paid well?

C. could have been paid well?

D. would be paid well?

For questions 19 to 21, choose the word that means the same as the underlined words.

19. Most fresh flowers have a delightful fragrance.

C. smell

D. odour

20. Children should not wander in the streets.

A. walk

B. stroll

C. loiter

D. roam

21. She deserved that reward

A. got

B. won

C. earned

D. gained

A. aroma

B. scent
K.C.P.E REVISION

169

For questions 22 and 23 choose the alternative that best completes the sentence.

22. Since Rehema could not get a matatu she travelled home a bus.
A. by

B. on

C. in

D. with

23. When do you expect to in Mombasa?
A. get

B. go

C. reach

D. arrive

For questions 24 and 25, choose the sentence that is correctly punctuated.

24. A. “That is a very hardworking pupil,” the teacher said.
B. “That is a very hardworking pupil,” the teacher said.
C. “That is a very hardworking pupil, “the teacher said.
D. “That is a very hardworking pupil, The teacher said.”

25. A. What long hair you have!

B. He went home early, Didn’t he?

C. Our science teacher sent us to look for grasshoppers flowers frogs and green leaves.
D. Its good to always drink clean water.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 26 to 38.

Murimi drove slowly down the Government Road eager to attend the celebration. Everyone in the car was quiet , thinking about the people who had sacrificed their lives so that Harry Thuku, the freedom fighter, could be set free. Little Naiku was fascinated by Nyanjiru, the woman who had led men, women and children in fighting for freedom, so long ago.
“Papa,” she called her father, “when we gain independence tonight and the white men are gone, who shall lead us then?”
“Ah, a good question, my child,” Murimi replied. “We shall have our own government. A government of Kenyans and by Kenyans. We shall elect our own leaders.”
Naiku asked again, “Will ‘mamas’ lead us too?”

“NO!” Njoroge shouted. “This will be a government of black men. Our government”. “Why men?” Naiku cried angrily.
“When did you ever hear of a black ‘mama’ leading men?” Njoroge asked. “Mama Nyanjiru was a leader of men,” Naiku protested.
“You are right, Naiku,” said Grandpa.

“Even in the forest where we fought the white man, women fought just as bravely. General Muthoni was one of the bravest warriors I ever met – braver than most men I know. Only a fool or a coward says that a woman cannot lead. Of course, they can and will lead.”
At that moment a car with a white driver overtook them and Njoroge shouted, “Settler, settler go home!” Murimi was furious.
“Njoroge!” he said, “how dare you misbehave like that? You will have to answer for it when we get home!”
“Does independence day make you lose your manners? That man is a grown-up, older than even your father”
added Grandpa.
“We did not fight the white men for our independence so that our children can behave like them. You were never brought up to abuse people,” Murimi said angrily. Njoroge was quiet for a long time.
He thought long and hard about his Grandpa’s words. He was sorry for the way he had acted.

26. What celebrations are the people in the car going to attend?
A. The release of Harry Thuku. B The end of the war.
C. The Independence celebrations.

D. The victory over the white men.

27. How many people are traveling in the car?

A. Three.

B. Four.

C. Five.

D. Six.

28. The word ‘fascinated’ as used in the passage means:
A. surprised

B. excited

C. amazed

D. amused.

29. In the passage it is stated that

A. women are not as brave as men

B. some women are braver than some men

C. women are as brave as some men

D. women are braver than men.

30. Choose the alternative that best describes the character of Naiku.
A. inquisitive, respectful and kind
K.C.P.E REVISION

B. inquisitive, cheerful and intelligent

C. respectful, observant and intelligent

D. inquisitive, respectful and intelligent

31. The sentence ‘Only a fool or a coward says that a woman cannot lead’ implies
A. women can lead

B. women should lead

C. women cannot lead

D. women shouldn’t lead

32. What in the passage shows that Grandpa supports women leadership?
A. He tells Naiku the story of Nyanjiru.

B. He praises General Muthoni.

C. He fought alongside women in the forest.

D. He says women have the ability to lead.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

33. Which of the following can best replace word

furious?

172

A. upset

B. enraged

C. annoyed

D. irritated.

34. It is correct to say that Murimi is

A. inconsiderate B strict
C. unkind

D. authoritative.

35. What did Independence mean to Njoroge?

A. People should do whatever they wanted.

B. All white men should go back to their country.
C. Africans could behave like white men.

D. White men did not deserve respect any more.

36. Which of the following is true about the settlers according to the passage?
A. They abused Africans.

B. They beat up Africans.

C. They forced Africans to work

D. They imprisoned Africans.

37. From the last paragraph what is the effect of

Grandpa’s words on Njoroge?

A. He is annoyed.

B. He is thoughtful.

C. He is quiet.

D. He is remorseful.

38. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. Women in the struggle for independence

B. Naiku and her family

C. Njoroge and the white man

D. Celebrating Independence.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

Many people all over the world still smoke although it is common knowledge that smoking is dangerous to health. This is because the nicotine found in cigarettes has been proved to be addictive. Many young people get introduced to this habit through peer pressure, by aping their parents or the celebrities they watch on TV advertisements.
Today, smokers give various reasons for maintaining this habit. They say cigarettes are useful stimulants and that they give the smokers something to do with their hands. Perhaps the most important cause for the increase in smoking is that it provides shared experience among the peer group and this continues even after it becomes a settled habit. At what point it actually becomes a habit difficult to shake off, is not possible to tell.
The aggressive campaign through advertisements and advocacy by manufacturers has made things worse. Manufacturers argue that smoking provides employment through tobacco farming, manufacturing industries and contributes directly to the economy through payment of taxes. However, the government spends three times as much for the treatment of smoking related ailments and on rehabilitation of smokers.
The arguments against smoking are very valid. It can at times be very expensive for smokers and has no social advantage. The smoke from smokers is harmful and offensive to those around them (secondary smokers). It also interferes with teamwork since those who smoke keep excusing themselves to go and smoke. We know that tobacco stains the hands of smokers and makes the smokers have bad breath. In addition, it shortens one’s breath, making it difficult for one to participate in activities which demand a lot of energy, such as athletics. But these are minor objections when we consider the damage it can do to one’s health. There is enough evidence that smoking causes bronchitis and heart diseases, both of which can be fatal. It is, therefore, advisable for the young people to distance themselves from this habit if they want to live a healthy life.

39. Why do people continue smoking even when they know it is dangerous?
A. They are addicted to the nicotine.

B. They are introduced to smoking by peers.

C. They want to ape their parents.

D. They want to be like celebrities.

40. Which of the following is not a reason for smoking as given by smokers?
A. It is a useful stimulant

B. It keeps the hands busy.

C. It contributes to the economy.

D. It provides a shared experience.

41. Which of the following can best replace the word ‘aggressive’?
A. tough

B strict

C. offensive

D. serious

42. The word ‘fatal’ as used in the passage means

A. dangerous

B. bad

C. painful

D. deadly.
43. though cigarette manufacturers contribute a lot to the economy through payment of taxes,
A. they spend much more on advertising cigarettes
B. they should consider the damage smoking causes
C the government spends much more treating smokers
D. the government can look for other sources of money.

44. The phrase “smoking has no social advantage’ means it does not
A. give smokers any advantage in the society
B. make smokers popular

C. promote the smoker

D. contribute anything positive to the society.

A. Smokers have bad breath.

B. Smokers have stained hands.

C. Smokers cannot concentrate.

D. Smokers are usually weak.

46. Why is it difficult for smokers to participate in activities like athletics?
A. They have poor health.

B. Athletics is not for smokers

C. They cannot breathe properly.

D. They lack the required energy.

47. Which of the following is true about smokers?

A. They are a burden to the government.

B. They pay taxes to the government.

C. They are employed by the manufacturers.
D. They carry out aggressive campaigns.

48. How does the writer feel about smoking?

A. He hates it.

B. He considers it expensive.

C. He thinks it is harmful.

D. He dislikes it.

49. The last sentence in the passage implies that young people
A. should stay away from smokers

B. will have poor health if they smoke

C. will die early if they smoke

D. will suffer from heart diseases if they smoke

50. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Smokers do not get along with others.

B. People smoke for different reasons.

C. Smoking should be avoided at all costs.

D. Cigarette manufacturers contribute a lot to the economy.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2009

ENGLISH SECTION B: COMPOSITION

 

 

 

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. In the spaces provided above write your full index Number, your Name and the Name of your School.

2. Now open this paper, read the composition on the lines provided and write your composition on the lines provided.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

KCPE 2009

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE

 

Questions 1 to 15

Rend the passage below. it contains blank spaces numbered 1 to 15. for each blank space choose the best alternative from the choices given.

 

I was sitting on a beach one day, 1 two children, a boy and a girl, playing 2 the sand. They were hard at work, building 3 beautiful sand castle by the water’s 4 . It had gates and towers and internal passages. 5 when they had nearly finished their 6 a big wave came along and knocked it down, reducing it to a heap of 7 sand. I expected the children to burst into tears, disappointed by what had happened 8 , they ran up the shore away from the water, laughing while 9 hands and sat down to build another castle. I realised that they had taught me 10 lesson. All the things in our lives, all the complicated structures we 11 so much time and energy creating are built on sand. Only our 12 with other people endure. Sooner or later, the wave 13 come along and knock down what we 14 so hard to build up. 15 that happens, only the person who has
somebody’s hand to hold will be able to laugh.

 

 

1. A. seeing B. viewing C. watching D. inspeeling
2. A. on B. over C. in D. about

D. Nakuru, Nyeri and Mumias

Use the informal below to answer questions
16 to 18

Okeyo, Mbura, Karani and Jebet were discussing towns in Kenya which they had visited. Okeyo, Mbura and Karani had visited Nakuru, Mombasa and Mwingi. Jebet and Okeyo had visited Athi River and Mumias. All the children, except Mbura, had visited Nyeri. Only Jebet and Okeyo had not been to Wajir where Mbura comes from.

16. Which one of the following has visited most towns
A. Jebet

B. Karani

C. Mbura

D. Okeyo.

17. Alhi River has been visited by

A. Okeyo and Jebel

B. Okeyo and Mbura

C. Jebet and Karani

D. Jebet and Mbura

18. Which towns has Mbura visited apart from Wajir?
A. Nakuru. Mwingi and Mumias

B. Nakuru, Athi River and Mombasa

C. Nakuru, Mombasa and Mwingi

For questions 19 to 22, choose the alternative that means the same as the underlined word.

19. Nafula quit her job to go to America.

A. abandoned

B. descried

C. ignored

D. left

20. He has been acquitted of a1l the charges.

A. freed

B. forgiven

C. discharged

D. Released

21. The neighbours managed to put out the tire.

A. cool

B. extinguish

C. defeat

D. cover

 

 

 

22. They called off the concert.

A. slopped

K.C.P.E REVISION 179

B. cancelled

C. postponed

D. abandoned

 

For questions 23 to 25 choose the alternative that best completes the sentence.

23. She passed her exams very well, ?

A. is it

B. did she

C. didn’t she

D. isn’t it

24. He may not come, but we will get ready in case he

A. will.

B. does.

C. may.

D. comes.

25. Mwikali is an intelligent pupil, she is a talented singer.
A. nevertheless

B. although

C. moreover

D. and

Read the passage below and then answer questions 26 to 38.

 

The day before Jennifer Bell had made a solemn vow that was going to change her life forever, no one else knew about it yet, but people were going to notice sooner or later. Right then it was a kind of a secret and she loved secrets. Grover Middle School was her sixth new school in eight years. If you are as shy as she was, it was tough to be the new kid all the time. But it was not going to be tough anymore because she had read a book called Instant ways to instant friends. She was starting with lesson number one that day. It said “Change your whole attitude. Think of yourself as somebody that everyone wants to get to know!”

That was right and she was going to have fun and lots of it! Jennifer, aged twelve and a half, had decided to break out of her old, shy nature at last.

Her mother was driving her to school the first day. “Scared?” she asked.
“No way,” she answered, wondering if she had time to lake her mirror out of her purse for one last peek at her hair. She was a little nervous, hut she wasn’t going to admit that to her mum.
“Ihat is the right spirit,” her mother said. “Remember, this may be a new school, but you’ve got a head start on the problem this time.”

Her mother wasn’t thinking about Jennifer’s solemn vow and her book on making friends. Those were the secrets and there was no way Jennifer was going to tell her mother, they were too personal and who tells the secrets to their mothers, anyway?

“I know. I know.” she said. “This is the school where you were a pom pom girl and Dad was in the math club, and you fell in love in the eighth class.”

“Don’t forget your dad was the chairman of the Maths club,” her mother said with a laugh.

 

Jennifer loved to listen to her mum’s bubbly laugh. In fact she decided to imitate it as a part of the new
her.

 

“My mum, the pom pom queen,” Jennifer said, imitating her mum’s laugh. She wondered if it sounded okay, or if it sounded fake. She decided she would have to work on it. “Do you think there is anyone :who still remembers you and Dad?”

26. How many schools had Jennifer attended in the last eight years?
A. Eight

B. Five

C. Twelve

D. Six

27. The phrase “a solemn vow” means

A. serious promise

B. change for better

C. Great step

D. Big decision.

28. Why did Jennifer find it tough to be the new kid all the time?
A. She loved secrets.

B. She was young

C. She was shy

D. She would be noticed.

29. What was Jennifer’s secret?

A. To change her attitude.

B. To make friends with everyone.

C. To practice all the lessons.

D. The special book she had read.

personal.

B. She didn’t want her mother to pick her up.

C. Nobody is really open with their mothers.

D. No one else could know her secrets.

31. What word would best replace the word “attitude” in the passage.
A. Thoughts

B. Views

C. Feelings

D. Behavior

32. the phrase “you’ve got a head start on the problem this time” means
A. She already knows how to behave

B. Her parents had learnt there

C. She had decided to imitate her mother

D. She had acquired the right spirit

33. According to the passage it is correct to say that
A. Jennifer was more prepared for her new school than before:
B. Jennifer wanted to be exactly like her Mum;

 

30. What in the passage shows that Jennifer was not really open with her mum?
A. She thought her secrets were too
K.C.P.E REVISION

 

 

182

C. Jennifer’s Mum got married at a very young age;
D. Jennifer was going to use the Bell family

charm.

34. Why was Jennifer’s mum’s laugh important to Jennifer?
A. It wax going to he part of her new self

B. It made Jennifer’s Mum a queen.

C. It sounded funny to listen to.

D. It made Jennifer as important as her mum.

35. In your own opinion, why did Jennifer change schools?
A. She was too indiscipline to stay in one school.
B. She wanted to go where she was not known.
C. Her parents wanted her to be in their old school.
D. Her parents never stayed in one place for long.

36. Jennifer’s Mum said thev never went to school in the Dark Ages. This implies that
A. they never liked being thought of as old

B. they were not very old

C. they were very young

D. they were known by everyone in the school.

37. Which one of the following best describes

Jennifer’s character?

A. shy, disrespectful, determined

B. intelligent, determined, proud

C. shy, determined, cheerful

D. cheerful, proud, disrespectful

38. Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. The journey to a new school.

B. Jennifer the new girl.

C. Jennifer’s new school.

D. Jennifer and her mum.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

Why do we go to school? Why do we strive to get an education? Well, perhaps you will say that we spend so much time and resources in the classroom so as to acquire skills for which society will be willing to pay. This will enable us to earn a living and eventually improve our standard of living. While it is definitely true that education arms us with the necessary tools to be able to put bread on our tables, there are more benefits that come from education.

Education makes you a better person in many ways. It broadens your understanding of various issues that are likely to affect your life. These include health, economic, social and political matters. An educated person is able to independently access information on how to live a healthier life. Similarly, the educated person is empowered to make sound economic and political decisions based on ideas obtained through different channels of information.

Your thinking abilities are also sharpened through education. With the rapid development of technology today it is easier to get information. There is always so much information that it is often difficult to distinguish between the true and the false; the important and the trivial; the relevant and the irrelevant. An educated mind is, however, able to critically examine the information and decide what to make of it.

Society too reaps benefits when its individuals are educated. Where would society be without doctors, teachers, engineers, drivers or lawyers? People in different occupations have their roles to play in making society a belter place to live. Indeed, many inventions that have improved society have sprung from the minds of educated individuals. A truly educated person is always thinking of how to make society better by introducing more effective and efficient ways of doing things.

What of peace and harmony? When we get educated, we learn about other people and their cultures. This makes us understand and accept them as part of our society. In this way, unnecessary conflict is avoided and we become willing to join hands with others in order to achieve certain goals for the good of us all. Evidently, there is so much to be gained from education. It is therefore not surprising that governments and households put aside substantial amounts of their income to spend on books and other support materials, teachers and development of educational facilities.

39. According to the first paragraph, education

A. gives us higher standards of living

B. provides us with our daily food

C. helps us to gain more benefits in life

D. equips us with skills to live better lives.

40. How does education enable an individual to live a healthy life?
A. There is enough in formation on healthy living.
B. One can distinguish between important and trivial things.
C. One can examine the available information properly.
D. There is enough money to go to hospital.

41. The expression “put bread on our tables” implies
A. enjoying life in the society

B. meeting our basic needs

C. providing food for ourselves

D. earning enough money.

42. The word “sound” as used in the passage means:
A. clear

B. perfect

C. clever

D. informed.

43. A sharpened thinking ability enables one to

A. get information more easily

B. get a lot of information

C. choose information wisely

D. decide what to do with information.

44. In society, truly educated individuals

A. are more efficient and effective

B. always think of improving society

C. reap benefits from society

D. invent things from their minds.

45. Peace and harmony are achieved when we

A. understand and accept others

B. avoid unnecessary conflict

C. achieve certain goals

D. join hands with others.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

46. Which of the following is not a result of higher levels of technology according to the third Paragraph?

K.C.P.E REVISION 185

A. Our dunking ability is improved.

B. There is more knowledge available.

C. Getting information is quite simple.

D. Selecting information is more challenging.

 

47. The word “substantial” as used in the passage means
A. large

B. meaningful

C. important

D. reasonable.

48. Educated people

A. are always independent

B. are healthier than others

C. understand things more widely

D. make wiser decisions.

49. From the passage, it is evident that education

A. satisfies our needs

B. is the key to improved life

C. gives us information

D. prevents conflict in society.

50. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Education and Society.

B. Books and Teachers.

C. Education for a Better Society.

D. The Benefits of Education.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2010

ENGLISH
SECTION B: COMPOSITION

 

 

 

 

Time: 40 minutes

 

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. In the spaces provided above write your full Index Number, your Name and the Name of your School.

2. Now open this paper, read the composition subject carefully and write your composition on the lines provided.

Read the passage below . It contains blank spaces numbered 1 to 15. For each blank space, choose the
best alternative from the choices given.

 

Laughter is part of everyday human communication. We can 1 think of a day in our lives that 2 without us laughing or hearing someone laugh. Research has shown that human beings are
3 of laughing even before they are born. 4 , pictures have shown unborn babies smiling

in their mothers’ wombs. Smiling 5

be thought of as the first 6 of laughter.

Humans are not the only 7 capable of laughing. It is 8 that chimpanzees and
gorillas also make sounds and facial expressions that resemble those made by humans 9 laughing. The major difference, 10 , is that human beings can laugh at jokes, it is doubtful
11 animals can see the funny 12 of life. It should, however, be noted that laughter is
not always 13 expression of happiness. Sometimes we laugh to 14 up embarrassment or hide our fears. We may even laugh to 15 annoyance.

1. A. hardly

2. A. comes

3. A. capable

4. A. Really

5. A. must

6. A. sign

7. A. people

8. A. felt

9. A. during

B usually

B. begins

B. thought

B. So

B. should

B. step

B. things

B. assumed

B. while

B. moreover

B. whether

C. never

C. sets

C. fond

C. Truly

C. can

C. attempt

C. creatures

C. imagined

C. through

D. even

D. passes

D. suspected

D. Indeed

D. would

D. display

D. persons

D. known

D. from

K.C.P.E REVISION 188

10. A. nevertheless

B. things

C. anyway

D. however

For questions 16 and 17 choose the option which best fills the blank space in the sentences below.
16. If only I had known I have come to visit you.
A. would
B. could
C. should
D. may.

17. She wrote the report _ ink.
A. in
B. of
C. with
D. by

For questions 18 and 19 choose the sentence that means the same as the underlined one.

18. You should listen to your teachers.
A. You will listen to your teachers.

B. You have to listen to your teachers.

C. You may listen to your teachers.
D. You ought to listen to your teachers.

19. No sooner had we sat than she gave us the news
A. As soon as we sat she gave us the news.
B. The news was given to us after we sat.
C. As soon as she gave us the news, we sat.
D. She gave us the news as we sat.

In questions 20 and 21 choose the best alternative that means the opposite of the underlined word.

20. My grandmother was generous.
A. mean
B. greedy
C. thrifty
D. unkind

21. The pencil is sharp.
A. dull
B. flat
C. blunt
D. smooth

 

 

 

 

 

 

In questions 22 and 23, choose the best arrangement of the given sentences to make sensible paragraphs.
22. (i) All living things depend on energy from it.
(ii) It is the closest star to the earth.

(iii) Life on earth would not be possible without the sun.
(iv) The sun is one among millions of stars.

A. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
B. (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
C. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
D. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

23. (i) The bride and the bridegroom were on their way.
(ii) The invited guests were chatting excitedly.
(iii) The big wedding was about to begin.

K.C.P.E REVISION 189

(iv) The blaring of vehicle horns was heard from afar.
A. (iv) (i) (iii) (iv)
B. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)

C. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

D. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)

For questions 24 and 25 choose the sentence which is correctly punctuated.

24. A. “Come here,” she ordered.

B. “Come here, she ordered.”

C. “Come here!” she ordered.

D. “Come here?” she ordered.

25. A. How best can the Environment be conserved.
B. How best can the environment be con served?
C. How best can the environment be conserved!
D. How best can the Environment be conserved?

Read the passage below and then answer questions 26 to 38.

All his life Charles Dickens, one of the greatest novelists in the world, would remember a particular day when he was nine years old, and something his father said. They were out walking together and had stopped, as they often did, to admire a handsome brick house. With its lovely windows and neat lawn, it seemed as grand as a palace.
Then John Dickens told his son that if he worked very hard, someday he might live in that house. The thought took Charles’ breath away. The sort of person who would live in that house would be a distinguished man of taste and education. His father believed that Charles could someday be like that. All he had to do was work hard.
He could not have known on that day how far he would fall and how high he would rise, and that he really would live in that house, and that he would die there.
When Charles looked back on his childhood, these were happy years. They lived in a small house which had a little garden and, across the road, there was a playground for the children. He had a nursemaid, Mary, who comforted his childish sorrows. She also terrified him with blood-curdling horror stories that he adored, though they gave him nightmares. He spent wonderful hours in his tiny room reading from his father set of novels. He went for days imagining himself to be one of his storybook heroes.
But when Charles was ten, his father was transferred to London, and his happy childhood came to sudden end. His father had many wonderful qualities. He worked hard at his job and was loving to his wife and children. He had many friends and loved to invite them to the house in the evening for a bowl of steaming porridge and lively conversation. But he had one terrible fault: he spent more money than he made.

In the ten years of Charles’ life, the family had lived in six different houses, each poorer than the one before. And as the number of mouths to feed kept growing, the family fell deeper and deeper into debt.
When they reached London, Charles was shocked to learn that he would not be sent to school – they couldn’t afford it. He stayed at home and made himself useful by cleaning his father’s boots and minding the younger siblings. His parents seemed to have forgotten him and all his ambitions.
Two days after his twelfth birthday, Charles was sent to work at a factory. From eight in the morning till eight at night, he worked in a dark room, covering pots of boot polish and pasting on labels. Other children worked there, too, but they were not like his old friends. They were poor boys with rough manners who referred to him scornfully as the “young gentleman.”
Worse still, two weeks later his father was arrested for debt and sent to prison, where he had to stay until his debts were paid. His wife and children were allowed to join him there, the whole family living in one room- everyone, that is, except Charles. The factory was too far from the prison for him to get back before the gates were shut at night. So he lived in a cheap boarding house. From Monday morning to Saturday night he was on his own with “no advice, no counsel, no encouragement, no consolation, no support from anyone”.

At night he wandered through the dark city. His clothes were shabby. He had no friends. Instead of growing into a fine gentleman, he had descended to the streets.
The memory of that time was so painful that, even as a grown man, Charles could not walk through those streets without the sting of tears coming to his eyes. And years later, when he became a famous writer, his stories were filled with orphaned and abandoned children, debtors’ prisons, factories, and the grim and degrading lives of the poor.
(Adapted from Charles Dickens, the Man who had Great Expectations by Diane Stanley and Peter
Vennema. Published by Morrow Junior Books: New York, 1993)0501

26. The fact that Charles never forgot what his father told him when he was only nine shows that he
A. had a good memory

B. respected his father

C. took his father’s words seriously

D. was a very good child.

27. From the first paragraph we can conclude that palaces are
A. magnificent buildings

B. places young boys admire

C. homes for special people
D. unique homes.

28. Why did John Dickens tell his son he could live in “that house” one day?
A. To encourage him to think big.
B. He really liked the house.
C. He knew the future was bright.
D. To motivate him to work hard.

29. “The thought took Charles’ breath away” means A. he was unable to breathe
B. he was greatly surprised
C. his father had frightened him
D. his father made him feel sick.

30. What do we learn about Charles’ life from the third paragraph?
A. He fell down and then rose up again.
B. He suffered a lot but later succeeded.
C. He had high hopes in spite of hardships.
D. He lived a life full of disappointments.

31. Which of the following statements is not

true?

A. The stories by Mary were interesting but scaring.
B. Charles did not mind listening to horror stories.
C. The stories Mary told truly fascinated Charles.
D. Perhaps Charles merely pretended to be frightened.

32. How do we know that moving to London affected Charles’ life drastically?
A. Life suddenly become more difficult and

miserable.
B. His father brought friends who ate all the

porridge.
C. There was no time for him to play any

more.
D. He had been very happy in his previous home.

33. Which of the following best describes Charles Dickens’ father’s character?
A. Wonderful, hardworking, loving and friendly.
B. Friendly, caring, hardworking but extravagant.
C. Sociable, lively, generous and loving.
D. Hardworking, jolly, hospitable and carefree.

34. We can tell that Charles loved school because he

K.C.P.E REVISION 192

A. was very disappointed when he wasn’t sent to school
B. enjoyed reading novels in his father’s collection
C. had dreams of becoming a great writer
D. knew it was the only way to achieve fame.

35 How did that society violate children’s rights’? A. By not doing enough to meet their needs.
B. By making them look after young siblings.
C. By making them work in factories.
D. By not punishing irresponsible parents.

36. “Rough manners” means that the boys at the factory
A. did not impress Charles at all
B. were probably naughty and rude
C. did not know how to behave properly
D. made Charles rather uncomfortable.

37. Which one of these pairs of words accurately describe Charles’ feelings when his family moved to the debtors’ prison?
A. unhappy and angry
B. hurt and miserable
C. helpless and desperate
D. lonely and hopeless

38. What would be the best summary of this passage?
A. Accumulating debts is a dangerous habit.
B. Suffering does not mean we cannot succeed.

C. No experience in life is useless.
D. A careless father can cause untold heart aches.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

Laziness can be defined as a state of idleness and unwillingness to spend energy. When we feel lazy, we do not want to do any work. We want to let things stay as they are. Well, sometimes we all enjoy being a little lazy such as on a very cold or hot day. However, if this occurs too often, we need to do something about it. This is not to say that we should always be working so as not to be thought as lazy. We need to rest to refresh our bodies and minds after working for long hours. For us to do our work efficiently and eventually have a successful life, we must learn how to overcome laziness.
How can this monster be overcome? If you feel you have a lot to do, you will probably feel overwhelmed and let laziness overcome you instead of you overcoming laziness. The solution is to break down the huge task into small manageable parts which makes you feel you do not require too much effort. In some cases, the cause of laziness is lack of motivation. This means you simply do not see the reason for carrying out a task. In such cases, it is necessary to think about or visualize the importance of performing your task and achieving your goals. Think about the benefits you will reap if you overcome laziness and take action instead of thinking about difficulties or obstacles. Your imagination has a great influence on your mind, habits and actions. When tempted to be lazy, imagine yourself performing the task easily and energetically. Do this before starting a task or when your mind tells you to abandon what you are doing.
Sometimes laziness leads to procrastination. This is the act of postponing tasks without good reasons. If there is something you have to do now, and you can actually do it, why not just do it and get it over with? An old saying goes, ‘Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do today’.
All in all you need to realize that overcoming laziness is achieved through a series of daily actions and activities. Every time you overcome laziness, you get stronger, more able to achieve your goals and improve your life.
Adapted from ‘Tips to overcome laziness by Remez Sasson. Success consciousness.com

 

 

39. Which one of the following is a sign of laziness?
A. Lacking energy to spend.
B. Wanting to be idle.
C. Refreshing your minds.
D. Enjoying ourselves.

40. Rest differs from laziness in that it
A. does not happen often
B. comes after working for long
C. refreshes our minds and bodies
D. makes us not to be thought lazy.

41. Laziness overcomes you when you
A. feel cold or hot
B. take time to rest
C. you have too much to do
D. feel overwhelmed.

42. Why should we break down huge tasks into small parts?
A. So as to be motivated.
B. In order to use less effort.
C. So as to make tasks manageable.
D. In order to solve our problems.

43. The word monster as used in the passage refers to something that
A. is frightening
B. is discouraging
C. makes life difficult
D. makes us successful.

44. Which of the following statements is not true
according to the passage?
A. Your imagination influences your actions.
B. Obstacles can make you feel lazy.
C. You should not think of difficulties.
D. Habits can influence your imagination.

45. When your mind tells you to abandon what you are doing
A. do not be tempted to be lazy
B. perform the task easily and energetically
C. see yourself performing the task with ease
D. take action that will influence your mind.

46. Refreshing your mind and body means
A. improving your life
B. achieving your goals
C. being able to work for long
D. regaining your lost energy.

 

 

47. Which of the following statements is an example of procrastination?
A. failing to do your assignment
B. being reminded to do your assignment
C. completing your assignment late
D. doing your assignment slowly.

48. The phrase “put off” as used in the passage means
A. discourage
B. postpone
C. cancel
D. refuse.

K.C.P.E REVISION 196

49. Which of the following is the best lesson drawn from the story?
A. Laziness should be overcome.
B. Laziness must be avoided.
C. Laziness ought to be punished.
D. Laziness hinders progress.

50. A suitable title for this passage would be
A. Consequences of laziness.
B. How to overcome laziness.
C. Problems of laziness.
D. All about laziness.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 197

K.C.P.E

K.N.E.C.

KISWAHILI

2003-2010

IKO NA INSHA BORA

K.C.P.E REVISION 198

UBASHIRI WA MASWALI . 2003- 2010. KISWAHILI

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20
MADA HUSIKA
• Adabu na
maamkizi 22
• Akisami 24
• Asilimia
• -Amba- 8 6
• Barua
• Dira (u) (p)
• Mambo/umbo 25 26 28
• Enye/-we
• Kiulizi
• Kukanasha 29 18 11,17
• Viambishi vivumishi 16. 25,26 20 23 20,25,27
• kinyume 19,21
• Kiunganishi 8,20 1,22 9,11,29 1,17,24 4,10 5
• Vitenzi 22 30 22
• Kimilikishi 15 14 15
• Kielezi/Vionyeshi 30 21 14,19 25 3 8,1
• Watu/Kazi/Malipo 10,27(malipo)30(watu)
• Hali uk/undogo/kawaida (ukumbwa) (undogo)

• Makundi 28 16,13 27 10
• Mwiri(sehemu) 30 18 2 25
• Maana zaidi 18,
28 28,40
• Mkazo/visisitizi/radidi
• Methali 16,11 20(maana)38 (kisawe) 28 maana) 38, 40 20 24 36,
• Sentensi paraganya 27 27 21
• Msamiati 18,27 14,40 1,23,6,39 2,5 14,15 8,15,23,42,39 2,3,
• Nyakati 13,21 2 4 2,7,9,12 14 1,6,
• Ote-o-o-te 9 8 23,13 13
• Pakamu 27 26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Rangi
• Sifa VIVUMISHI 23 20
• Saa 44 7,45 22
• Semi/Taashbihi 17 9,50,39 38,49 9,25,42 48,33 32,35,39
• Siku

• Tanakali 23
• Tarakimu 41
• Tashbihi
• Ufuposho 16
• Usemi/H(T.F)Taarifa (TF)22 (T.F)19 29(H) 23(H) 16,T.F 19, T.F 28, T.F
• Ukoo 24 29 26
• Vitendawili 24 24 26 30 29
• Uakifishi 20 25 30
• Vikembe 26
• Wingi 17 29 18 17
• Umoja 23
• Nomino /majina 21dhahania 28 22 19
• NGE-Ngali 21
• Kamusi 30
• Sent-sahihihi 19 17 18 16,33
• Matumizi-kwa/ki 23 22 16(ka)
• Ki ya mashahiri 19 1,28 16
• Mnyaburiko 23,29 3 6 17(tendesha) 7
• Matumizi ya-ji- 3,5
• Vihusishi 27 4,6 2 27
• Vihisishi 30
• Visawe 25 19 26,18

• “a”-unganifu 7
• Matumizi ya –ngi na ingine 10
• Viwakilishi 20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NAMBA YAKO YA MTIHANI

 

JINA LAKO

 

JINA LA SHULE YAKO

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 202
THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2003

KISWAHILI
SEHEMU YA KWANZA: LUGHA
Maswali 1 mpaka 15.

 

Soma vifungu vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo. Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

Tulikaa mkabala wa kidimbwi 1 upepo na kutazama runinga. Kipindi tulichokitazama kilifanya nyoyo zetu kuatuka 2 jitimai. Tuliona watoto wadogo ambao hali zao 3 . Vifupa vya mbavu 4
viliweza kuhesabiwa na matumbo yao yalikuwa 5 viriba. “Kwa nini watoto hawa kuwa hivi?” Baraza 6 . Maganga akajibu, “Watoto hawa wanaugua ugonjwa wa utapiamlo. Utapiamlo ni
7 wa lishe bora mwilini. Tukila chakula 8 mahitaji yetu ya mwili, tutashikwa na ugonjwa huu.

 

1. A.

2. A.

3. A. tukifunga
na zilihuzunisha B.

B.

B. tukipunguza
kwa zilihuzunika C.

C.

C. tukipunga
katika zilihuzunishana D.

D.

D. tukifungia
kwenye zilihuzunikia
4. A. vyao B. zao C. lao D. yao
5. A. mithili za B. mithili wa C. mithili na D. mithili ya

6. A. alishauri B. alijisailiC. alisaili D. alijiuliza

7. A. upungufu B. upunguzaji C. kupunguza D. kupungua

8. A. kisichotoshana B. kisichotoshekaC. kisichotoshewa D. kisichotosheleza

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.

16. Chagua kivumishi katika sentensi ifuatayo Mtoto mtiifu haonywi mara nyingi.
A. haonywi

B. mtoto

C. mtiifu

D. mara nyingi

17. Ni msemo upi unaotoa maana ya: Kumpa mtu sifa asizostahili?
A. Kumwonea kijicho

B. Kumlilia ngoa

C. Kumbwagia zani

D. Kumvika kilemba cha ukoka

18. Jengo la kuhifadhia nafaka huitwa

A. ngome

B. ghala

C. ufuo

D. maktaba

19. Chagua sentensi iliyo sahihi

A. Vikombe ambavyo vilinunuliwa ni visafi

B. Vikombe ambavyo vilivyonunuliwa ni visafi

C. Vikombe ambavyo vilinunuliwa ni safi

D. Vikombe ambavyo vilivyonunuliwa ni safi

20. Chagua sentensi iliyoakifishwa ipasavyo

A. Alitumwa kununua vitu vifuatavyo: sukari, vitunguu, mchele, na ngano
B. Alitumwa kununua vitu vifuatavyo, sukari, vitunguu, mchele na ngano.
C. Alitumwa kununua vitu vifuatavyo: sukari, vitunguu, mchele na ngano.
D. Alitumwa kununua vitu vifuatavyo, sukari, vitunguu, mchele, na ngano.

21. Ukubwa wa sentensi

Ndege mkubwa alipaa angani ni:

A. Ndege kubwa alipaa angani.

B. Dege kubwa lilipaa angani.

C. Dege kubwa alipaa angani.

D. Ndege kubwa lilipaa angani.

22. Kitenzi kinachoweza kuundwa kutokana na jina mshindani ni
A. shinda

B. mshinde

C. kishindo

D. shindano

 

23. Ni sentensi ipi kati ya hizi iliyo na kwa ya kuonyesha sababu?
A. Alitembea kwa maringo

K.C.P.E REVISION 205

B. Alilima kwa jembe

C. Alialikwa kwa mwalimu mkuu.

D. Aliadhibiwa kwa utundu wake

24. Juma aligawa robo ya muwa sawasawa kwa wanawe wawili. Kila mmoja alipata
A. sudusi

B. robo mbili

C. thumuni

D. nusu

25. Hili ni umbo gani?

 

 

 

A. Mraba

B. Mche

C. Pia

D. Mstatili

26. Mwana wa simba huitwa

A. mtoto simba

B. simba marara

C. kinengwe

D. shibli

C. kombamwiko

D. samaki

28. Chagua kikundi cha wadudu

A. Mchwa, Nzige, Panzi, Mkizi

B. Nge, Tai, Mbu, Kiroboto

C. Shore, Njiwa, Mende, Konokono

D. Sisimizi, Chungu, Nzige, Kumbikumbi

29. Kanusha:

Ndege akijenga kiota huishi humo.

A. Ndege anapojenga kiota haishi humo

B. Ndege akijenga kiota hataishi humo

C. Ndege asipojenga kiota haishi humo

D. Ndege ajengapo kiota hataishi humo

30. Onyesha kielezi katika sentensi hii: Wazee wengi walitembea polepole
A. Wazee

B. Polepole

C. Walitembea

D. Wengi

Soma kifungu kifuatacho, kisha ujibu maswali 31 mpak
27. Mdomo ni kwa binadamu, kidona ni kwa

A. ndege

B. ndovu

Bwana Limbuka alikuwa amekuzwa katika mazingira ya akifunzwa kazi mapema, atakuwa mkakamavu maishan

K.C.P.E REVISION 206

Kimoyomoyo, alijiapia kuwa akipata kazi na aoe, kisha a

na akapita mitihani yake ya viwango vya juu. Baadaye, a
milima hadi huko ughaibuni kuongezea masomo.

31. Wazazi wa Limbuka

A. waliuwahi udongo ungali maji

B. hawakujali maslahi ya mwana wao

C. walimpa Limbuka fursa ya kujiamulia

D. walikuwa watesi na wasumbufu

32. Limbuka alianza kuwa na mtazamo tofauti na makuzi yake
A. wakati alioa

B. alipopata watoto

C. alipokuwa akiongezea masomo

D. akiwa nyumbani kwa wazazi wake

33. Maana ya “kwake Limbuka alichukulia kinyume” ni kusema;
A. Kufunzwa kazi mapema kunasaidia mtu na familia yake
B. Kufunzwa kazi nyingi ni msingi wa bidii maishani
C. Kufunzwa kazi mapema hakuleti faida yoyote maishani
D. Kufunzwa kazi mapema ni kinyume cha sheria

34. Ni mambo gani yanayoonyesha kuwa Limbuka ni mwacha mila?
A. Kutopenda kazi nyingi, kwenda ng’ambo na kuvutiwa na makuzi ya kigeni.
B. Kuvutiwa na familia za ng’ambo, kupuuza makuzi ya jadi na kuwaonea watoto fahari hata wakiropokwa.

C. Kutowakaripia watoto, kuwanunulia bidhaa ghali na kuwaonea fahari.
D. Kuwaonea watoto fahari hata wakiropokwa, kuwapa mitaji na kupuuza malezi ya jadi.

35. Ni zipi kati ya hizi hazikuwa tabia za watoto wa Limbuka?
A. Kuwaauni wazazi na kutia bidii shuleni.

B. Kulewa na kudharau watu.

C. Kuvuta sigara, kuropokwa na kupenda makuu.
D. Kuiga, kutojali hisia za watu na kuwaaibisha.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

36. Walipokwenda kuchukuliwa shuleni kwa
gari walilolipuuza, walijificha na kusema. “Hilo ni gari la sokoni, halitufai”. Hali hii inamaanisha kuwa
A. wenzao shuleni walikuwa na magari bora zaidi

K.C.P.E REVISION 207

B. hawakupenda kwenda sokoni kwa gari lisilofaa
C. hawakupenda vigari vya supana mikononi

D. nyumbani kulikuwa na gari bora kuliko hilo

37. “Mchelea mwana kulia, hulia yeye.” Limbuka na mkewe walilia kwa:
A. kuwapatia watoto wao mitaji na mali

B. kutolinda watoto wao wakati wakiwa Wazee
C. kukosa mtu wa kuwasaidia wakiwa wazee

D. kusumbuliwa na ukosefu wa mali nyingi.

38. Maana ya kuukabili ulimwengu bila ya kutegemea nundu ni

40. Ughaibuni ni

A. nchi za uzunguni

B. nchi za masomo ya juu

C. nchi zilizoendelea

D. nchi za mbali

A. mtu kuweza kujikimu bila ya kutarajia misaada

B. kuuingilia ulimwengu kwa kushauriwa na wazazi
C. kuuingilia ulimwengu bila kujali matokeo

Soma kifungu hiki kisha ujibu maswali 41-50.

D. mtu kupambana na maisha kwa

Masikio ni sehemu muhimu sana ya mwili. Viumbe wengi

kutegemea wengine

Masikio hutakiwa kusafishwa vizuri wakati wowote mtu a

kuondolewa kwa uangalifu. Baadhi ya watu huyaharibu viberiti. Badala ya kuutoa uchafu huo vizuri, wanaukanda
39. Msimamo wa mwandishi ni kuwa vingine visivyofaa wanapopatwa na mwasho masikioni. Je

A. makuzi ya kigeni ni bora kuliko ya kijadi

B. watoto wakilelewa bila kufunzwa maadili hupotoka
C. watoto wakipata elimu ya juu huharibika

D. watoto wanapopotoka wapewe mitaji

kilichotokomezwa na kudidimia sikioni, kinavyoweza kug kubwa? Idhihirike kuwa, kuingiza vijidude kama hivyo ma Kuzibuliwa kwa masikio hayo huweza kugeuka kuwa ngo kujitakia ni kama mtu kujipalia makaa.

Baadhi ya masikio huharibiwa na sauti kubwa kama ya m

na mali

sauti za wastani. Sauti kubwa za kushtua moyo hazidhuru

wagonjwa wenye maradhi ya moyo. Ni vyema kuyajali ma

K.C.P.E REVISION

fahari hali hiyo ya kupandisha sana sauti za redio majumb

208
huwadhuru hata wahusika wenyewe bila kujua. Isitoshe,
Uangushaji wa vyombo kama sahani na vyuma sakafu mikutanoni nazo hazifai. Kulitesatesa sikio kwa kulitogato

41. Masikio ni sehemu ya

A. kiwiliwili

B. ndewe

C. kichwa

D. shavu

42. Uchafu hukandamizwa masikioni kwa

A. kutotolewa kwa njia inayofaa

B. kuziba kwa masikio

C. kuingiza vitu visivyofaa

D. kuwa na kidonda sikioni

43. Ni hali gani inayofanya watu kuchokorachokora masikio?
A. yanapouma

B. yanapotoa usaha

C. yanapovimba

D. yanapowasha

44. Sauti kubwa za kushtua

A. zinasababisha ugonjwa wa moyo

B. zinaweza kudhuru wagonjwa wa moyo

C. hazitolewi palipo na wagonjwa wa moyo

D. zinadhuru tu wagonjwa wa moyo

45. Ni mambo gani yanayofaa kuepukwa majumbani ili kuzuia watu wasiharibike masikio?
A. Kupandisha sauti kwenye matatu
K.C.P.E REVISION

nakuingiza vitu masikioni.

B. Kutoga masikio, kuweka kemikali nakumwona daktari.
C. Kuangusha vyombo, kupiga kelele na kuvuta masikio.
D. Kuongeza sauti, kutotoga masikio nakutovuta masikio.

46. Kwa nini tabia ya kupandisha sauti za redio majumbani huweza kuleta uhasama kwa majirani?
A. Majirani huenda hawapendi kupigiwa kelele.
B. Kwa sababu majirani hawana redio zao.

C. Majirani wana ugonjwa wa masikio na moyo.
D. Ni kawaida ya majirani kupenda uhasama.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

47. Maana ya kidonda kisichofaa kutafutiwa dawa za kiholela ni
A. kidonda kinachohitaji dawa za kiasili

B. kidonda kisichoweza kupona kamwe

209

C. kidonda kinachohitaji matibabu ya haraka zaidi
D. kidonda kinachohitaji matibabu yenye uangalifu zaidi

48. Kujipalia makaa ni

A. kujisababishia jambo

B. kujiletea madhara

C. kujiwekea makaa

D. kujiletea jambo

49. Chagua methali mwafaka inayoweza kutumika kueleza kifungu hiki
A. Kipendacho moyo ni dawa

B. Heri kufa jicho kuliko kufa moyo

C. Usipoziba ufa utajenga ukuta

D. Sikio la kufa halisikii dawa.

50. Fundisho la habari hii ni

A. Kutunza masikio

B. Kumwona daktari

C. Kutocheza na vitu masikioni

D. Kutopandisha sauti za redio

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2004

KISWAHILI SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA

 

Muda: Dakika 40

 

 

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

 

 

1. Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba Yako kamili ya mtihani, Jina la Shule yako.

1. Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi uliyoachiwa.

INSHA BORA 2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 212

(

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alama iliyotunzwa 31)

Huyu mwandishi ameielewa mada aliyopewa.ametumiasemi n methali na Kiswahili chake kina ufasaha mwingihati yake pia ni nzurina amepanga kazi yake vizuri.hata hivyo
,amefanya makosa ya sarufina hijai hapa na pale.

Mfano;
-’familia mpoja ambaye’,badala ya‘familia moja ambayo’
-’alisomo’,badala ya alisoma’
-’kufuvu’,badala ya ‘kkufuzu’

-’anaye-ngojea’ badala ya’anayengojea’

KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2004

KISWAHILI
SEHEMU YA KWANZA: LUGHA

Maswali 1 mpaka 15.

Soma vifungu vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo. Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.
Kristina alijiangalia tena kiooni. Akauona uso wake uliosawijika na kujaa mabaka ya kila aina. 1 vimbe lililosimama kwa 2 kwenye paji la uso wake kana kwamba lilitaka kumkumbusha jambo ambalo daima alitaka 3 . Kwa mbali akaanza kujiwa na kumbukizi. Akayakunjua maisha yake ya
4 . Akavuta fikira tena na kuona jinsi 5 mjini na kuingilia anasa za mji bila tahadhari. Akajiangalia tena asiweze kuamini macho yake, kakonda ghaya ya kukonda, kabaki 6 . Machozi 7 njia mbili mbili. Akalia kwa kite na imani, akililia ujana wake, akililia maisha yake; 8
angalijua! “Lakini, ah!” 9 . “Ya kumwagika yamemwagika. 10 . Niliufaidi uhondo wa mji, kwa nini nijute? Hawakusema wasemao kuwa 11 ?”

1. A. Akalitazama B. Akavitazama C. Akazitazama D. Akaitazama
2. A. imara B. dharau C. thabiti D. dhahiri
3. A. kujitambulisha B. kujiondoa C. kujisahaulisha D. kujiandaa
4. A. baadaye B. usoni C. kisasa D. kisogoni
5. A. alivyojihamisha B. alivyojichomoa C. alivyojitoma D. alivyojinasua
6. A. pandikizi la mtu B. gofu la mtu C. fuvu la mtu D. nofu la mtu
7. A. yakambubujika B. yakamlengalenga C. yakamwagika D. yakamsonga
8. A. sembuse B. maadamu C. minghairi D. laiti

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.

 

16. Ni methali ipi inayoafikiana na maelezo kuwa:

Haifai kuwadharau watu waliokusaidia hapo awali, huenda ukahitaji msaada wao tena?

A. Ganda la muwa la jana chungu kaona kivuno
B. Usione kwenda mbele kurudi nyuma si kazi

C. Mwenda tezi na omo marejeo ni ngamani

D. Usitukane wakunga na uzazi ungalipo

 

17. Chagua wingi wa sentensi: Hukujua kuwa ningekutembelea?

A. Hawakujua kuwa tungewatembelea?

B. Hamkujua kuwa tungewatembelea?

C. Hamkujua kuwa ningewatembelea?

D. Hawakujua kuwa ningewatembelea?

 

18. “Shinda” ni kuwa wa kwanza katika jambo. Maana nyingine ni:

A. Bila kujaa

B. Jambo kuwa gumu

C. Kutofanikiwa

D. Kaa macho usiku kucha

 

19. Kiambishi ki kimetumiwa kuleta maana gani katika sentensi ifuatayo?

Wanacheka wakiimba

C. Kuonyesha vitendo viwili vinafanyika kimoja baada ya kingine.
D. Kuonyesha vitendo viwili vinafanyika wakati mmoja.
20. Chagua sentensi mwafaka inayounganisha hizi: Fatma alituzwa. Fatma hakufurahi.
A. Lau Fatma alituzwa hakufurahi

B. Fatma hakufurahi aghalabu alituzwa

C. Fatma hakufurahi licha ya kutuzwa

D. Maadamu Fatma hakufurahi alituzwa

 

21. Tunaitaje wakati kati ya saa sita na saa nane mchana?
A. Adhuhuri

B. Alasiri

C. Jua la utosi

D. Jua la matlai

 

22. Chagua usemi wa taarifa ufaao wa: “Nitasoma kwa bidii ili nifaulu”. akasema.

A. Anasema kuwa anasoma kwa bidii ili afaulu

B. Alisema kuwa atasoma kwa bidii ili afaulu

C. Anasema kuwa angesoma kwa bidii ili afaulu
D. Alisema kuwa angesoma kwa bidii ili afaulu

A. Kuonyesha kutegemeana kwa vitendo.
B. Kuonyesha vitendo viwili vinafanyika baada ya muda.

B. hatari, wanne

C. waliwafukuza, vijana

D. waliopita, hapo.

 

27. Chagua kihusishi katika sentensi:

Kiboko mkali alimvamia mvuvi aliyesimama

23. Chagua hali ya kutendewa ya sentensi ifuatayo: Mganga alinigangua kwa miti-shamba

A. Aliganguliwa na mganga kwa miti-shamba.

B. Niliganguliwa mganga kwa miti-shamba.

C. Niliganguliwa na mganga kwa miti-shamba.

D. Aliganguliwa mganga kwa miti-shamba.

24. Tegua kitendawili

Juu ya mlima kuna msitu mweusi

A. Chungu

B. Nywele

C. Mpingo

D. Makaa

 

25. Chagua kiwakilishi katika sentensi ifuatayo: Niitie Juma nimtume, huyu amekataa kuenda.
A. Juma

B. Nimtume

C. Kuenda

D. Huyu

 

26. Ni maneno yapi ambayo ni vivumishi katika sentensi hii? Mbwa hatari waliwafukuza vijana wanne waliopita hapo.

A. vijana, wanne

kando ya mto

A. kando ya

B. mkali

C. mvuvi

D. aliyesimama

 

28. Sentensi “Stella amekwenda kwao” ina maana mbili. Zichague

A. (i) Amekwenda alikozaliwa

(ii) Amekwenda mbali na kwao

B. (i) Amekwenda kwa mtu mwingine

(ii) Amekwenda mbali na kwao

C. (i) Amekwenda alikozaliwa

(ii) Amekwenda kwa watu wengine

D. (i) Amekwenda kwa watu wengine

(ii) Amekwenda mbali na kwao

 

29. Chagua sentensi yenye “na” ya kuonyesha mtendaji

A. Rosa ameandikiwa barua na Rahma

B. Akida na Anasa ni wanafunzi wazuri

C. Tamaa na ubinafsi ni chanzo cha uovu

D. Ninunulie matunda na mboga

30. Jina kutokana na kitenzi hama ni:

A. Amehama

B. Hamishwa

C. Hamia

D. Mahame

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Soma taarifa hii kisha ujibu maswali.

Katika kijiji kimoja kijulikanacho kwa jina Makanyo, kuliondokea kijana mmoja ambaye Mungu alimtu-nukia bongo. Kijana huyu alijulikana kwa jina Tumaini. Darasani alikuwa hawezekani. Akasoma kwa bidii ya mchwa hadi akafika chuo kikuu na kuivunja rekodi kwa kukwangura alama nzuri ajabu. Baadaye akaoa mke kufu yake na kuwapata watoto ambao nao vilevile walizifuata nyayo za wazazi wao.

 

Jambo lililokuwa linaikera familia ya kina Tumaini lilikuwa ni ukosefu wa kuwajibika kwa ndugu.
Kaka zake walikuwa wazembe na butu shuleni. Kila walipokanywa na kushauriwa kuwa wasome vyema kama ndugu yao Tumaini, walipuuza na kucheka, wakashindwa hata kuchungulia yale vidato vya sekondari vifunguavyo vijana macho na akili zaidi. Tabia zao zikazorota, wakawa wanapiga mtindi tu na kuzurura.

Ingawa tabia za ndugu hawa ziliendelea kuwa mbaya. Tumaini hakukata tamaa kabisa. Mara kwa mara aliwaita kuwashika sikio na kuwapa mawaidha. Alijitolea kuwalipia ada za kwenda kujisomea masomo ya ngumbaru ili angalau waweze kujishikiza katika sekta ya “Jua-Kali” lakini wapi! Walianza masomo na kuyaachia njiani.

Wazazi walipokaribia kuwapungia mikono wana wao humu duniani, waliwaita kwa pamoja na kutoa wasia na hata kuwapa urithi wa mashamba. Tumaini akawaambia ndugu zake kuwa kwa kuwa anao uwezo yeye atawaachia hayo mashamba ili wayalime na kuweza kujiinua. Wazee wakafurahi kuona kuwa Tumaini alijali maslahi ya wadogo zake.

Baada ya vifo vya wazazi hao, wadogo hao hawakuchelea kuipiga mali shoka mara moja. Tumaini aliwaonya lakini aliambulia nunge. Maonyo hayo yote yaliingilia sikio moja na kutokea lile jingine, huku yakipurukia hewani.

Siku moja, ajali mbaya ya barabarani ikaamua kuyakatisha maisha mema ya Tumaini na mkewe. Huzuni iliwakumbatia wana wao lakini majirani na marafiki wakaingilia shughuli za mazishi na kuzimaliza. Wakaanza kuwatunza watoto ambao wakati huo walikuwa wakimalizia elimu ya shule ya msingi.

Nduguze Tumaini walikuwa wakidhani wamepata vya bwerere na kujiona wakifaidi mali ya Tumaini na mkewe kama tu ile ya wazazi. Hata hivyo, juhudi si pato. waliyoyataka hayakuwa. Marafiki wa Tumaini waliyatilia guu matendo ya ndugu hawa ambao walikuwa wameanza kuinyemelea mali ya
K.CT.uPm.EaRinEVi.ISWIOaNlijaribu kwa udi na uvumba kuzuia dhulu2m19a hii na walipoona mambo yatachacha

31. Tumaini alithibitisha werevu wake kwa

A. kupita mitihani yote, kuonya ndugu, kutii
wazazi, kuacha urithi wake

B. kupita mitihani yote, kupenda majirani, kuwaachia wanawe urithi chini ya wakili
C. kupita mitihani yote, kuonya ndugu, kuwaachia wanawe urithi chini ya wakili
D. kupita mitihani yote, kupenda ndugu, kuwaachia urithi chini ya wakili.

32. Wazazi wa Tumaini walikuwa na busara kwani
A. waliwapa wasia wana wao wamtii Tumaini

B. waliwaachia wana wao urithi

C. walikuwa na maonyo mengi

D. waliwaonya wana wao wakasikia

33. Ndugu wa Tumaini waliposhauriwa wasome walicheka kwa sababu
A Tumaini hakuwa tajiri ijapokuwa alisoma
B. walitarajia kufaidi mali ya ndugu yao

C. huwakuona haja ya masomo

D. walishindwa kuendelea na masomo

C. walifundishwa kazi za jua kali wakashindwa
D. walisoma ngumbaru wakakosa kupata kazi

35. Maana ya mke kufu yake ni

A. mke wa jamii yake

B. mke aliyelingana naye

C. mke wa kijiji chake

D. mke aliyesoma naye

36. Baada ya vifo vya wazazi wao, nduguze Tumaini,
A. walidhani watafaidi mali

B. waligawiwa mali wengine wakaifuja

C. walimnyima Tumaini urithi wote

D. walianza kuifuja mali mara moja

kuzimaliza”. Hali ya huu msaada inaweza kuelezewa kwa methali:
A. Damu ni nzito kuliko maji

B. Akufaaye kwa dhiki ndiye rafiki

C. Kenda ni bora kuliko kumi nenda rudi

D. Ndugu mui heri kuwa naye

38. Haki za watoto zilitimizwa kwa

A kusomeshwa, kuonywa, kusaidiwa, kuishi
na ndugu wakiwa mayatima

B. kulindiwa urithi wao na ndugu, kugawiwa urithi na kusaidiwa na majirani
C. kusomeshwa, kusaidiwa walipofiwa, kupewa
urithi na kuelekezwa kushtaki maonevu

D. kutomruhusu yeyote kuwanyang’anya mali,
kuelekezwa kwa mashtaka na kuruhusiwa
kuuza mali

39. Kulingana na kifungu, kuipiga mali shoka ni:

A. hakikuwafunikia aibu

B. hakikuwakamilisha

C. hakikuwatamanisha

D. hakikuwatosheleza

A. kutumia mali vibaya

B. kugawanya mali yote

C. kuhifadhi mali yote

D. kupiga mali bei

40. Neno hakikuwasitiri kama lilivyotumika katika
kifungu linamaanisha

Soma taarifa hii kisha ujibu maswali. 41-50

 

Usafiri katika nchi nyingi za Kiafrika ni tatizo sugu. Baadhi ya watu hutembea kwa muda mrefu kwa miguu kwa kuukosa usafiri wa haraka. Wengine hupanda hata ngamia ili wapige hatua. Pia, punda hutumiwa kusafirisha mizigo. Kwa wale waliodiriki kujinunulia magari, muda haupiti kabla ya ukarabati kuhitajika. Mamilioni ya magari ya aina hiyo huwa tu ni ya kubebewa nyundo na parafujo kila wakati. Hali hii imezidishwa na barabara ambazo hazijatiwa lami au hata zikiwa zimetiwa, hupachikwa kiholela tu. Mashimo barabarani yanaharibu magurudumu na hata magari yenyewe. Isitoshe, ukata katika jamii unachangia uhaba wa magari mazuri na hata ubovu wa hayo machache. Hii ni kwa sababu watu hawana ngwenje za kununulia vipuri vifaavyo au kujinunulia magari mapya.

Wengine hujikidhia mahitaji yao ya usafiri kwa kutumia baiskeli. Hizi zina nafuu kifedha kuliko magari, lakini haziwezi kubeba mizigo mingi na mizito. Wachache sana hutumia eropleni na meli ambapo wengi huweza kuyatumia magari moshi. Magari moshi hubeba watu na vitu kwa wingi. Gharama za ukarabati wa reli, mabehewa ya magari hayo na injini zao, zimesababisha ongezeko kubwa la nauli katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Watu wengi wanashindwa kuulipia usafiri huu. Baadhi yao huyadandiadandia magari hayo hadi paani mwa mabehewa na mabogi ili tu wakwepe kulipa nauli. Mtindo huu hautatizi tu shirika la reli bali huzua hatari kwa wasafiri. Baadhi ya wadandiaji huporomoka na kujivunjia viungo, jambo ambalo huongeza idadi ya walemavu bure bilashi.

 

Matatu na mabasi ni aina ya uchukuzi ambao ni maarufu nchini Kenya. Uchukuzi huu umekuwa ukiwafaa watu wengi sana kwa miaka na dahari, hasa wale wa kima cha chini na cha wastani. Jambo linalowaudhi abiria zaidi ni ukosefu wa kudhibiti mambo mengi yanayohusiana na aina hiyo ya usafiri. Mathalani, kudhibiti mwendo wa magari hayo, tabia za utingo na madereva na kujaza watu garini kama makopa. Zaidi ya hayo, imekuwa ni shida kuzidhibiti tabia za wale wapendao kurambishwa asali katika sekta hii.

 

Hivi majuzi, waziri wa usafiri na mawasiliano alifanya juu chini akaibuka na mikakati kabambe ya kuondoa udhia mwingi katika sekta ya usafiri. Aliwataka wenye magari kuweka vidhibiti mwendo, abiria kuitumia mikanda ya usalama, utingo na madereva kuvaa sare na magari kutobeba abiria kupita kiasi. Kwa kuwa wenye magari wengi hawakuweza kutimiza masharti hayo kwa muda uliowekwa, ilibidi magari mengi yasitumike kwa muda.

Abiria ambao walikuwa wamechoshwa na vituko barabarani walipiga moyo konde na kujisemea. “Si hoja, hata kama itabidi tutembee kwa miguu kwa muda ni sawa, mradi tupate suluhisho la kudumu”.

Kulingana na matokeo ya uchunguzi uliofanywa muda mfupi uliopita, imegunduliwa kuwa tayari ajali zimepungua, usafiri umekuwa wa utulivu na nidhamu ya utingo na madereva imeimarika. Zogo la “kama hutaki kubinywa nunua lako” limekwisha kabisa.

C. uhaba wa magari, ukosefu wa kuwadhibiti

41. Mwandishi amezitaja aina zifuatazo za usafiri:

A. miguu, wanyama, udandiaji, gari moshi.

B. gari moshi, gari, miguu, baiskeli.

abiria, ukwepaji wa nauli

D. mashimo barabarani, ukarabati na

C. wanyama, pikipiki, udandiaji, ndege.

D. miguu, baiskeli, ndege, pikipiki.

42. Kulingana na kifungu watu hudandia magari ya moshi kwa sababu
A. usafiri ni wa bei nafuu

B. wanataka kuepuka udhia wa usafiri

C. usafiri wa magari ni ghali

D. wanataka kuepuka kulipa nauli

43. Kifungu kinasema kuwa njia ya usafiri inayotumika sana ni
A. barabara

B. eropleni

C. baiskeli

D. gari moshi

44. Mambo yanayochangia katika kuzorotesha uchukuzi ni

A. umaskini, njia mbaya za uchukuzi na ukosefu wa vidhibiti
B. ukosefu wa lami, kudandia magari na
kutokarabati magari

uendeshaji kasi

45. Magari ya kubebewa nyundo na parafujo kila wakati ni magari
A. mabovu

B. mapya

C. ya uchukuzi

D. ya wakarabati

46. Kujivunjia viungo kwa mujibu wa kifungu ni

A. kuvunja viungo bila usaidizi

B. kujisababishia kuvunjika kwa viungo

C. kuvunja viungo bila sababu

D. kujivunjia viungo kwa makusudi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

47. Suluhisho kuu la usafiri wa barabarani ni:

A. Kuwazungumzia polisi, madereva na wenye

K.C.P.E REVISION 223

magari

B. Kuwazungumzia na kuwadhibiti wasafiri

C. Kuwafuta wasiotimiza masharti

D. Kudhibiti kila kitu kibaya kinachohusu usafiri

48. Abiria walisema . . . “si hoja, hata kama itatubidi tutembee . . .” kwa sababu
A. walikuwa wamechoka kulipa nauli za juu na kudandia
B. walikuwa wamechoshwa na magari ya moshi
C. walikuwa wakitaka mikanda ya usafiri na
vidhibiti mwendo

D. walikuwa wameudhishwa na shida za usafiri

49. Mabadiliko yaliyowekwa katika sekta ya usafiri hivi majuzi yamesababisha
A. usafiri kuwa wa utulivu, utingo kuwa nadhifu zaidi
B. kuimarika kwa nidhamu ya utingo na madereva na zogo kupungua
C. kupungua kwa ajali, nidhamu ya utingo na madereva kuimarika, usafiri kuwa wa utulivu
D. kuimarika kwa vidhibiti mwendo na nidhamu ya utingo na madereva

50. Maana ya wapendao kurambishwa asali ni

A. wapendao kula vitamu

B. wapendao kula hongo

C. wapendao anasa nyingi

D. wapendao vya bure

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2005

KISWAHILI SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA

 

Muda: Dakika 40

 

 

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

 

 

1. Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba Yako Kamili ya mtihani, Jina lako na Jina la shule yako.

2. Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi uliyoachiwa.

INSHA BORA 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 227

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alama iliyotunzwa 37

K.C.P.E REVISION 228

Maswali 1 mpaka 15.

Soma vifungu vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka I5. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo.
Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

Malkia alivua 1 wake kichwani akamtazama kitwana huyo kwa hasira asijue la kufanya. Hakuweza kuamini _2_ . “Si huyu aliyekuwa mtumishi wangu mwaminifu?” _3_ kimoyomoyo. “Kwa nini akanifanyia hivyo licha
ya 4 niliyomtendea?” Alikumbuka alivyomwokota kijana huyo akichumia chungu mekoni hana hali wala mali, akifanya vibarua 5 , 6 mpaka akaonekana nadhifu; akampa kazi, tegemeo na usalama. “Leo hii anathubutu 7 kiasi hiki? Ama kweli ivushayo ni mbovu.”

 

1. A. ukanda B. utaji C. utepe D. ukosi
2.
3. A. aliyoyasikia B. aliyasikia C. aliyeyasikia D. aliosikia
4.
5. A. Akajisema B. Akamsema C. Akamsemea D. Akajisemea
6.
7. A. mingi B. wengi C. mengi D. nyingi
8.
9. A. vidogovidogo B. ndogo C. kidogokidogo D. dogo

10.
11. A. akamtuza B. akamtunza C. akamtunzia D. akamtuzia
12.
13. A. kumdhulumu B. kudhulumu C. kuwadhulumu D. kunidhulumu
14.
K.C.P.E REVISION 229
Uhifadhi wa mazingira ni jambo 8 sharti lishughulikiwe 9 . Kwa kuwa mazingira ni uhai, hatuwezi kamwe 10 wito wa 11 . 12 mitaa yetu imesheheni 13 ya taka za kila aina. Miti imekatwa

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.

 

16. Baba, mama, wifi, shangazi ni majina ya jamii.
Shungi la nywele, halaiki ya watu ni majina ya

A. makundi

B. pekee

C. wingi

D. dhahania

 

17. Chagua neno ambalo halipaswi kuwapo katika kundi hili.

A. kasuku

B. Njiwa

C. Korongo

D. Siafu

 

18. Kukanusha kwa sentensi:

Maria ameingia darasani akanipata. ni:
A. Maria hakuingia darasani wala hakunipata

B. Maria hajaingia darasani wala hajanipata

C. Maria haingii darasani wala hanipati.

D. Maria ameingia darasani wala hakunipata

B. Fatu alimwambia kuwa akija mapema ataweza kumtembeza humu mwao.
C. Fatu alimwambia kuwa angekuja mapema angeweza kumtembeza humo mwao.

D. Fatu alimwambia kuwa akija mapema ataweza kumtembeza humo mwao.

20. Bainisha matumizi ya maneno yaliyopigiwa mstari katika sentensi:

Mwanafunzi huyu ni wangu, yule pale ni wako

A. Kivumishi, kiwakilishi

B. Kielezi, kiwakilishi

C. Kivumishi, kielezi

D. Kiwakilishi, kivumishi

 

21. Tofauti ya maana kati ya wanne na wa nne ni:

A. Wanne ni idadi ya jumla na wa nne ni idadi kamili katika orodha.

B. Wanne ni kuonyesha sifa na wa nne ni kuonyesha idadi.
C. Wanne ni kuonyesha idadi kamili na wa nne ni anayechukua nafasi your nne katika orodha.
D. Wanne ni idadi kamili na wa nne ni idadi katika orodha.

 

19. Chagua usemi wa taarifa ufaao wa: “Ukija mapema

nitaweza kukutembeza humu mwetu,” Fatu akamwambia.

A. Fatu alimwambia kuwa angekuja mapema angeweza kumtembeza humu mwao.
K.C.P.E REVISION

 

 

 

 

230

22. Chagua sentensi inayoonyesha kwa ya matumizi

A. Ameenda kwa haraka

B. Amealikwa harusini kwa Hamisi

C. Tulikula wali kwa mchuzi

D. Alienda Ulaya kwa ndege

 

23. Mahali gerezani anapowekwa mshukiwa akingojea kesi kumalizika huitwa

A. kizimba

B. rumande

C. jela

D. mahakama

24. Jibu la kitendawili ‘Hushindana wakifuatana’ ni

A. kivuli

B. mawingu

C. miguu

D. magurudumu

 

25. Chagua uakifishi ufaao wa:

Musa alishangaa lo leo umepatikana

A. Musa alishangaa “lo leo umepatikana!”

B. Musa alishangaa lo! leo umepatikana!

C. Musa alishangaa, “Lo! Leo umepatikana!”

D. Musa alishangaa, Lo leo umepatikana!

 

26. Njuga ni kwa mguu. Zulia ni kwa

A. sakafu

B. dari

C. kiambaza

D. dirisha

27. Panga vifungu vifuatavyo kuunda sentensi yenye maana kamili
(i) Yanayohusu maisha yao

(ii) Vijana wa hirimu

(iii) Huwa na mazungumzo

(iv) Kuhusu mambo

 

A. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

B. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

C. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

D. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

 

28. Chagua sentensi yenye ki ya kuonyesha udogo

A. Kikoba kile kimejaa pesa

B. Kiambaza kile kitapakwa rangi

C. Akija kule atampata

D. Mtoto yule amevaa Kiafrika

 

29. Wingi wa sentensi: Seremala aliitengeneza meza nzuri
akamuuzia mteja ni:

A. Seremala walizitengeneza meza nzuri wakamuuzia mteja
B. Seremala walizitengeneza meza nzuri wakawauzia wateja.

C. Maseremala walizitengeneza meza nzuri wakaziuzia wateja.
D. Maseremala walizitengeneza meza nzuri wakawauzia wateja.

30. Utosi ni kwa kichwa.

Kisigino ni kwa

A. mtulinga

B. mkono

C. wayo

D. goti

Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali 31-40.

Faraja alikuwa kainamia mashine yake ya kompyuta akifanya kazi kwa furaha. Ilikuwa siku yake ya pili katika ofisi hii kubwa. Kwa kweli, hakuna aliyeweza kufikiria kuwa kijana huyu angepata kazi nzuri kama hii. Wazazi wake, Bwana Chakavu na Bi. Tabu hawakuweza kupata elimu ya kisasa ambayo iliwawezesha marika zao kupata kazi za ajira ofisini. Wazazi hao wakabakia kufanya kazi katika mashamba na majumba ya matajiri.

Ingawa Bwana na Bi. Chakavu walijitahidi kufanya kazi, pato walilopata halikuweza kutosheleza mahitaji ya watoto wao. Licha ya kushindwa kuwapa watoto hao lishe bora, wazazi hawa waliona vigumu sana kuwanunulia mavazi mazuri na hata kuwalipia karo ya shule, Maisha kwa Faraja na ndugu zake yakawa ya taabu na mashaka.

Ni kweli kuwa Faraja na ndugu zake walikuwa maskini wa mali. Hata hivyo, vijana hawa walikuwa matajiri wa akili. Akili zao zilikuwa kama visu vikali vinavyokata kwa ncha zote. Kila mara Faraja aliliongoza darasa lake. Ndugu zake pia walipata alama nzuri. Jambo hili liliwatia wazazi wao moyo, wakafanya kila juhudi kuwalipia karo. Hata hivyo Faraja na ndugu zake walikuwa wakifukuzwa kuleta karo. Wanafunzi waliosoma na Faraja walipogundua kipawa chake, walianza kumheshimu na kumpenda. Hata wale waliomdharau kwa uhitaji wake walinong’onezana kisirisiri wasije wakamuudhi. Kwa hakika, licha ya Faraja
kuwa hodari masomoni, alikuwa karimu na mnyenyekevu. Hakusita kuwasaidia wale ambao walikuwa visu
butu katika masomo mbalimbali. Jambo hili lilimfanya aendelee kupendwa na wanafunzi na hata walimu.

 

Wahenga walisema kuwa chanda chema huvikwa pete. Juhudi za Faraja shuleni zilimpa pato. Akawa

mwanafunzi bora katika mtihani wa darasa la nane na kujiunga na shule moja your kitaifa nchini.

Haukupita muda kabla ya shida ya ukosefu wa karo kujidhihirisha. Bwana Chakavu akatafuta usaidizi asiupate.
Faraja akaanza kuona kwamba kamba yake ya matumaini inatishia kukatika.

 

K.C.HP.aEtRaEhViIvSyIOo,Nwaliosema kuwa wema hauozi hawakuk2o3s3ea. Katika shule ya Faraja kulikuwa na mwanafunzi mmoja aliyewahi kusaidiwa na Faraja masomoni wakiwa shule ya msingi. Mwanafunzi huyu
kwa jina Tegemeo, alikuwa na wazazi waliojiweza. Aliwaomba wazazi wake wamsaidie Faraja, nao, kwa kujua umuhimu wa kuwaelimisha vijana, walijitolea mara moja kumlipia Faraja karo hadi kidato cha

31. Watu hawakufikiria Faraja angepata kazi nzuri kwa kuwa
A. wazazi wake hawakupata elimu ya marika zao
B. wazazi wake walikuwa maskini

C. wazazi wake hawakupata kazi yoyote kama wengine
D. wazazi wake walikuwa na watoto wengi.

32. Mambo yanayoooyesha matatizo ya akina Faraja ni
A. kutopata chakula na shida ya karo

B. shida ya karo na kutopata chakula bora

C. kutopata chakula bora na ukosefu wa mavazi
D. ukosefu wa mavazi na wazazi kuwa na pato duni.

33. Wanafunzi walimpenda Faraja kwa sababu

A. hakuwalaumu walipomsema kisirisiri

B. aliwasaidia ndugu zake na wazazi

C. alikuwa karimu na mnyamavu

D. alikuwa karimu na mnyenyekevu

34. Kitendo kisichoonyesha ukweli wa methali Chanda chema huvikwa pete ni

A. Faraja kuwa mwanafunzi bora katika mtihani.
B. Faraja kulipiwa karo na Bwana na Bi Karimu
C. Wazazi kusaidiwa na Faraja.

D. Faraja kufanya bidii kazini

35. Wazazi wa Tegemeo walimsaidia Faraja kwa kuwa
A walijua umuhimu wa kusaidia

B. walijua umuhimu wa urafiki

C. walijua umuhimu wa kuwaelimisha vijana D walijua umuhimu wa wema wa vijana.

36. Chagua jawabu lililo sahihi zaidi:

Faraja alijitahidi zaidi masomoni ili

A. kuwashukuru wazazi kwa kuwasaidia nduguze
B. kuwashukuru wafadhili kwa kumsaidia

C. kuwashukuru wazazi na wafadhili

D. kuwashukuru wafadhili na kuwasaidia wazazi

K.C.P.E REVISION 234

37. Kulingana na kifungu matendo yanayoonyesha A. Faraja hupata shida
kushughulikiwa kwa watoto ni B. Ni muhimu kusaidia
C. Tusikate tamaa
A. kutowafukuza shule na kujitahidi D. Umaskini huumiza
kuwasomesha

B. kujitahidi kuwasomesha na kuwalipia karo

C. kuwalipia karo na kuwasaidia katika masomo
D. kuwasaidia katika masomo na kuwapa lishe bora.

38. akaanza kuona kwamba kamba yake ya

matumaini inatishia kukatika inamaanisha.

 

A.. amelikosa alilotumainia

B. alilotegemea huenda asilipate

C. alilotarajia halipatikani kabisa

D. aliloazimia halitakuja

39. Kulingana na taarifa hii, maana ya visu butu ni

A. wanafunzi wasiofanya vyema masomoni

B. visu visivyokata

C. wanafunzi wasiotia bidii masomoni

D. visu visivyopata makali.

40. Kichwa kinachofaa zaidi kwa taarifa hii ni

K.C.P.E REVISION 235

Soma kifungu hiki kisha ujibu maswali 41-50.
Hivi majuzi palizuka patashika katika vituo viwili vya polisi. Watoto wanaojulikana kama chokora
waliwaonyesha polisi kisanga. Walipanga njama za kutapakaza vinyesi katika vituo hivyo vya polisi.
Kisanga hiki kilichukuliwa na wengi kama ujinga, kichekesho na uchafu. Hata hivyo, tendo hilo likipigwa darubini linaweza kuzua mambo mengi ambayo yanapaswa kumulikwa. Hebu tujiulize kwanza: Ni nani aliye na akili timamu ambaye angeenda haja kubwa, kisha achukue kinyesi hicho na kukishika na kukitumia apendavyo bila kuhisi kinyaa? Bila shaka jibu la swali hili unalijua fika.

Kisanga kama hicho huwa na chanzo chenye kina kirefu ambacho kisipochunguzwa kwa undani kinaweza hata kuangamiza nchi. Ajabu ni kuwa jamii yetu imejaa mapuuza kuhusu maswala ya watoto. Watoto wanachukuliwa kuwa hawana uwezo wa kujiamulia, kwa hivyo hawashirikishwi katika maswala mengi yanayohusu maisha yao. Kutokana na hali hii jamii imeshindwa kutambua shida za watoto hawa Watoto wanapoona kuwa wanapuuzwa huamua kuchukua hatua mbalimbali kuishinikiza jamii kuwashughulikia. Kisanga kilichotokea katika vituo vya polisi ni njia mojawapo tu ya kuonyesha uchungu mkubwa walionao watoto hawa. Jambo la kusikitisha ni kwamba wengi wetu hatujatafakari na kuvivumbua vilio vya watoto hawa. Badala yake, tunawachukua kama punguani, wachafu, wezi . . . .
Wengi wapitapo karibu nao hufunga pua zao na kuchepukia mbali wakiwaambaa kama wagonjvva wa ukoma. Ni binadamu wachache sana ambao huthubutu kuwakaribia na kuwapa rnsaada. Hakuna wengi wanaosutwa na nafsi zao na kujishughulisha kusugua bongo na kujiuliza kwa nini watoto hawa wakageuka kuwa hivyo. Ukweli ni kuwa, hawa ni binadamu wenzetu. Kila binadamu anapaswa kujaliwa maslahi yake. Watoto wana haki ya kuishi hata kama ni maskini. Wanastahili kupendwa na kutimiziwa mahitaji yao ya kimsingi.

Jamii ina jukumu la kutafuta suluhisho la kudumu kuhusiana na hali ya watoto hawa. Kuna haja ya kuwa na mpango kabambe ya kukabiliana na tatizo hili sugu. Kwanza itabidi waketishwe kitako na kuhojiwa ili chanzo cha matatizo yao kijulikane. Huenda baadhi ya matatizo yao yanayowafanya wawe mitaani ni kukosana tu na wazazi, ndugu au walimu. Wengi wao wakipata washauri watakaowapa nafasi ya kujieleza, wataweza kukubali kurejea makwao. La sivyo wakiachwa waendelee kuzurura mitaani watakutana na ‘walimu’ wabaya wa kuwapotosha zaidi. Ikumbukwe kuwa baadhi ya watoto wanaotoroka kwao, wafikapo mijini hukumbana na matatizo makubwa zaidi ya yale yaliyowatoa nyumbani. Ingawa wengi wao wangependa kurudi kwao, hawafanyi hivyo kutokana na woga na aibu. Watoto hawa wakiwahiwa mapema watarudi nyumbani na kuishi vyema. Chuma kiwahi kingali moto.
K.C.P.E REVISION 236
Aidha, watoto wanaopelekwa kwenye vituo vya kurekebishia tabia hawafai kuachwa kukaa bure.

41. Kisanga kinachozungumziwa hapa ni

A. watoto kufungiwa kwa sababu ya kutapakaza kinyesi
B. jamii yetu kupuuza shida za watoto

C. kutapakaza kinyesi katika vituo viwili vya polisi
D. jamii kuona kitendo cha watoto kama kichekesho.

42. Bila shaka jibu la swali hili unalijua fika ina maana
A. watu wenye akili punguani hujitapakaza uchafu.
B. mtu mwenye akili timamu hawezi kujitapakaza uchafu.
C. kuna wapendao kushika uchafu bila kuhisi kinyaa.
D. hakuna punguani apendaye kushika uchafu.

43. Kulingana na kifungu, mambo makuu yanayowaathiri watoto ni
A shida zao kutotambuliwa, kutoshauriwa, kutoshirikishwa katika maamuzi
B. kujiamulia mambo, kupuuzwa, kunyanyaswa.
C. kuwaambaa, kuwazibia pua, kuyajali

maslahi yao

D. kutowasomesha, kutoyajali matakwa yao, kuwaona kama punguani

44. Vitendo vya watoto havipaswi kudharauliwa kwa kuwa
A. ni njia ya kuondoa hasira zao

B. ni kuonyesha kuwa wameonewa makaoni

C. ni kuonyesha kuwa wanadharauliwa nyumbani
D. ni njia ya kutaka kuelezea matatizo yao

45. Kulingana na kifungu hiki, ni sentensi ipi ambayo si sahihi?
A. Wachache hujisuta nafsi na kutafuta chanzo cha shida za watoto
B. Wachache huwafungia pua na kuchepuka

C. Kuzurura mitaani kutasababisha watoto kupotoshana
D. Watoto wakiwa pamoja wanaweza kufanya makubwa.

 

 

 

 

46. Kwa mujibu wa taarifa hii, suluhisho la tatizo la

K.C.P.E REVISION 237

watoto wa mitaani ni

A. kusaidiwa ili waweze kujirekebisha

B. kupewa kila wakitakacho

C. kupewa makao na kusomeshwa

D. kusaidiwa kila wanapotaka msaada.

47. Maana ya tusije tukayaona ya Firauni ni

B. Utatuzi wa visanga nchini

C. Usipoziba ufa utajenga ukuta

D. Akumulikaye mchana usiku hukuchoma.

A. mambo mengi zaidi yanaweza kuonekana

B. mambo yaliyotarajiwa yanaweza kutokea

C. mambo ya kusisimua yanaweza kuonekana

D. mambo makubwa zaidi yanaweza kutokea

48. Neno kina kama lilivyotumiwa katika kifungu ni

A. chenye shida

B. chenye uzito

C. cha kutisha

D. cha muda

49. Patashika maana yake ni

A. kupata na kushika

B. kuaibishana

C. kuvurugana

D. kupakazwa uchafu

50. Anwani inayofaa zaidi kuelezea kifungu hiki ni

A. Shida katika vituo vya polisi

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2006

KISWAHILI SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA

 

Muda: Dakika 40

 

 

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

 

 

1. Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba Yako Kamili ya mtihani, Jina lako na Jina la Shule yako.

2. Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi uliyoachiwa.

INSHA BORA 2006

Malizia kwa;,

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 241 Alama iliyotunzwa 38

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2006

KISWAHILI

Maswali 1 mpaka 15.

Soma vifungu vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo.
Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

Kandamiza hakujua thamani 1 watoto 2 siku moja 3 na ulimwengu. Alizoea kuwatumikisha watoto wadogo kwa 4 kuwaajiri watu wazima asije akajiumiza kwa kuwalipa mishahara mikubwa. Siku moja mwanawe mmoja ambaye 5 kuyamudu masomo aliamua kuondoka nyumbani bila kuaga. Kandamiza alipogundua kuwa mwanawe 6 mjini alihuzunika mno. Moyoni Kandamiza alijua kuwa mtoto huyo 7 jinsi yeye alivyowafanya watoto wa wengine.

 

1. A. wa B. la C. za D. ya

2. A. sasa B. hadi C. tangu D. lau

3. A. alipofunzwa B. alikofunzwa C. aliofunzwa D. aliyefunzwa

4. A. kuchelewa B. kupenda C. kuchelea D. kupendelea

5. A. hawezi B. hakuweza C. hataweza D. hajaweza

6. A. ametoroka B. ametoroshwa C. ametorokea D. ametorosha

K.C7..P.AE.REaVnIgSeIOteNsa B. angemtesa C.24a2ngewatesa D. angeteswa

D. Viwakilishi

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.

20. Methali inayotoa funzo kuwa: Jambo

16. “Ki” imetumiwaje katika sentensi: Mweni alipokuja alinipata nikifyeka.
A. Kuonyesha hali ya masharti

B. Kuonyesha hali ya kukanusha

C. Kuonyesha hali ya kuendelea

D. Kuonyesha hali ya udogo

 

17. Ni sentensi ipi sahihi?

A. Ndizi lililoletwa ni langu

B. Miti zilizopandwa zimeota

C. Zulia iliyonunuliwa ni zuri

D. Wema unaozungumziwa ni huu

 

18. Miongoni mwa sehemu hizi za mwili, ni sehemu ipi iliyo tofauti na zingine?
A. Paja

B. Kiganja

C. Pafu

D. Goti

 

19. Polepole, Vibaya, Alasiri, Njiani, ni

A. Vielezi

B. Vivumishi

C. Nomino

linaloonekana zito kwa mwingine laweza kuwa rahisi kwako, ni:
A. Bahati ya mwenzio usiilalie mlango wazi
B. Mzigo wa mwenzio ni kanda la usufi
C. Kila mwamba ngoma ngozi huvutia kwake
D. Ganda la muwa la jana chungu kaona kivuno.

21. Sentensi “Asingalikwenda kwake asubuhi asingalimkuta” ina maana kuwa:

A. Hakuenda kwake asubuhi lakini alimkuta

B. Alienda kwake asubuhi lakini hakumkuta

C. Alienda kwake asubuhi na akamkuta

D. Hakuenda kwake asubuhi wala hakumkuta

 

22. Ni maneno yapi ambayo yote ni viunganishi?

A. ila, ingawa, lakini, maadamu

B. huyu, hao, ovyo, na

C. ila, lakini, vizuri, wima

D. ingawa, isipokuwa, zuri, safi.

 

23. Kivumishi cha sifa kutokana na kitenzi angaa Ni:
A. Angaza
B. Angazia
C. Angavu
D. Angalau.

K.C.P.E REVISION 243

 

 

 

 

 

 

24. ⅞ kwa maneno ni:

A. Subui nane

B. Thumuni saba

C. Subui

D. Thumuni

 

25. Kisawe cha neno barobaro ni

A. Pesa

B. Funguo

C. Ndizi

D. Ngozi

 

28. Haya ni maumbo gani?

 

 

A. Pembe tatu, Mche, Duara

B. Pia, Mcheduara, Nusuduara

C. Pia, Mchemraba, Mcheduara

D. Pembe tatu, Pia, Nusuduara

A. Banati

B. Kijana

C. Mvulana

D. Shaibu

 

26. Nomino habari iko katika ngeli ya:

A. U – Zi

B. I –I

C. U -I

D. I – Zi

 

27. Tano ni kwa Chokaa. Kitita ni kwa

29. Chagua usemi halisi ufaao wa:

Bahati alisema kuwa angeenda nyumbani kupumzika
A. “Nimeenda nyumbani kupumzika”, Bahati alisema
B. “Niende nyumbani kupumzika”, Bahati alisema
C. “Nitaenda nyumbani kupumzika”, Bahati alisema
D. “Nilienda nyumbani kupumzika”, Bahati Alisema

30. Yapange maneno yafuatayo kulingana na jinsi yanavyotokea katika kamusi:
(i) Bandika (ii) Beua

(iii) Birika (iv) Baidika

A. (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)

B. (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)

C. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

D. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Soma taarifa hii kisha ujibu maswali 31 mpaka 40.

Huko Tujueni aliishi mtu kwa jina Mkazeni. Mkazeni alikuwa maarufu katika kutabiri ndoto. Alijulikana pia kwa kuyadadisi mambo yaliyozuka humo kijijini mwao. Kwake kulifurika watu ambao aliwahudumia bila malipo.

Wakati fulani Mkazeni alioteshwa kuwa kulikuwa na magari na matrela ambayo yalikuwa yakisimamishwa humo kijijini. Madereva wake walikuwa watu waliojaa wadudu tele mwilini. Madereva hao walikuwa wakiwalaghai vijana kijijini huku wakiwaachia “zawadi” zilizoleta “vilio”. Alipowaeleza wanakijiji wakamcheka na kumwambia, “Sasa nguvu zako za utabiri zinapotea. Utawezaje kufikiria kuwa magari hayo yataleta balaa?

Magari hubeba mali!”

Ingawa maneno hayo yalisemwa kiutaniutani, yalimchoma maini, akaamua kufyata ulimi na kukaza nia yake.
Alijitahidi kuihimiza aila yake kuhusu umuhimu wa tabia njema.

Siku nyingine tena akaota ndoto kuwa huko Tujueni kumeingia joka kubwa lililowameza vijana wengi. Ingawa wanakijiji walikuwa wamempuuza hapo awali; aliwafafanulia ndoto hiyo nao wakazidi kumcheka. “Sasa tena utabiri umeleta mambo ya nyoka? Tangu uzaliwe umewahi kumwona nyoka kama huyo?” Hapo Mkazeni akaona amedharauliwa kupita kiasi, akaamua “kujimezea” utabiri wake mwenyewe, lake liwe jicho tu. Watu ambao waliamua kutojihadhari kabla ya hatari, angewafanya nini? Kidole kimoja kingevunjaje chawa?

Miaka michache ikapita, nayo magari na matrela ya kikweli yakafika pale na kupafanya kituo cha mapumziko. Madereva wakaiona sehemu hiyo ikiwa na starehe nyingi. Tujueni ikajulikana. Biashara madukani na kwenye masoko zikaongezeka.

Baadhi ya watu waliokuwa wamempuuza Mkazeni wakasema, “Oneni mtabiri yule na ndoto zake. Maafa

aliyoyatabiri ni hizi pesa tunazozipata? Alitaka tufe maskini? Muone sasa, amenyamaza jii kama maji ya mtungi. Anasema anaihubiria familia yake isijihusishe na biashara haramu. Biashara gani haramu hapa? Cha kupata si cha kuiba.”

Baada ya muda, familia nyingi zikaanza kulia. Utabiri ukaja kutokea kweli. Wadudu walikuwa ni UKIMWI na joka likawa maangamizi yaliyoletwa na madhara ya UKIMWI. Wanakijiji waliathirika na kujuta. Kituo hicho cha biashara kikawa na sifa mbaya. Watu wengi wakafa na biashara ikazidi kufifia.

Mkazeni akawa anasikitishwa na matokeo ya mapuuza na tamaa za wanadamu. Kwake yeye na familia yake

K.Cw.aPl.iEenRdEeVlIeSaIOkNuishi vyema kinidhamu.

246

31. Mkazeni alikuwa karimu kwa sababu

A. alitabiri mambo mengi bila chuki

B. aliwatabiria watu inambo bila kuwalipisha

C. watu wengi walimwendea kwa utabiri

D. watu wengi walimdharau lakini hakulipiza

32. UKIMWI ndotoni unaweza kulinganishwa na:

A. wadudu na joka kubwa

B. matrela na madereva

C. madereva wenye wadudu

D. vijana wenye wadudu

33. Wanakijiji wanaposema, “Sasa nguvu zako za utabiri zinapotea” wanamaanisha:
A. Mkazeni si mtabiri tena

B. wanaushuku utabiri wa Mkazeni

C. hawautaki utabiri wa Mkazeni

D. Mkazeni hutabiri yasiyo ya kweli

34. Biashara madukani ziliongezeka kwa sababu

A. watu wengi walikuja kutafuta utabiri wa Mkazeni
B. kulikuwa na starehe nyingi katika masoko

C. Tujueni ilikuwa kituo cha mapumziko cha madereva wa matrela
D. Tujueni ilijulikana na madereva wa matrela

makubwa.

35. Watu wengi wa Tujueni walikuwa ni:

A. wenye tamaa na watabiri

B. wapuuzaji na watabiri

C. wenye tamaa na malezi bora

D. wapuuzaji na wenye tamaa

36. Kulingana na taarifa hii, UKIMWI uliendelezwa sana na:
A. madereva wa magari na matrela

B. wafanyibiashara wenye matrela na magari

C. madereva wapitiao katika vituo vya biashara
D. wazazi wenye tamaa ya kupata mali

37. Baada ya Mkazeni kupuuzwa tena alichukua hatua zipi?
A. Alitabiri mara ya pili na kungojea matokeo

B. Alibishana na wapuuzaji na kuwapa matokeo
C. Aliwaangalia tu waliompuuza na kuendelea kutabiri
D. Alinyamaza, akaongoza familia na kungoja matokeo.

 

38. Kutojihadhari kabla ya hatari ni sawa na:

A. kutojitayarisha kukabiliana na tatizo

B. kutoshughulika na hatari

C. kutoshughulikia matatizo yajapo

D. kutoogopa madhara ya tatizo.

39. Familia ya Mkazeni ilinusurika kwa kuwa:

A. ilikuwa ikifundishwa kuhusu utabiri

B. haikufanya biashara na madereva

C. ilizingatia maadili na mashauri

D. Mkazeni alikuwa mtabiri

40. Kichwa kifaacho zaidi kuelezea kifungu hiki ni:

A. Mkazeni wa Tujueni na utabiri wake

B. Asiyesikia la mkuu huvunjika guu

C. UKIMWI utaangamiza watu wengi

D. Mchelea mwana kulia hulia mwenyewe

 

 

 

 

 

 

Soma taarifa hii kisha ujibu maswali 41 mpaka 50.

 

Maendeleo ya nchi hutegemea mchango na juhudi za kila mwananchi. Hata hivyo ni jambo la kusikitisha kuona kuwa baadhi yetu tuna fikira zisizo za kizalendo kuwa wengine ndio wanaopasa kuiendeleza nchi. Watu wa aina hii hutarajia serikali kuwafanyia hili na lile. Hawathubutu kujiuliza, je, mimi nimeifanyia nini nchi
yangu?

Inafaa tukumbuke kwamba nchi ni kama chombo cha usafiri na kila mtu ana wajibu wa kuhakikisha kwamba chombo hicho kimekwenda ipasavyo. Tunahitaji kuwa na bidii za mchwa za kujenga kichuguu. Tuwe na umoja wa nyuki ambao, japo ni viumbe wadogo hudiriki kutengeneza asali ambayo huwafaa wao na
kuwalisha binadamu. Ikiwa vidudu hivi vinaweza kuilisha jumuiya, sembuse sisi?

 

Mungu amemtunukia kila mmoja wetu vipawa anuwai. Ni juu yetu kuvitumia vipawa hivi kuinua uchumi wa nchi. Tukijitahidi pamoja tutaweza kutatua matatizo mengi yanayoikumba nchi. Tukumbuke kwamba kinga na kinga ndipo moto uwakapo. Wananchi katika nyanja mbalimbali hawana budi kuziimarisha nyanja hizi ili kuinua hali zao za maisha. Mathalani, wakulima watumie njia za kisasa za ukulima ili kuzalisha mazao mengi. Wakifanya hivyo, tutaweza kukabiliana na baa la njaa ambalo linawadhuru wananchi wengi.

Vijana nao wana jukumu lao kwa taifa. Wewe kama mwanafunzi, unaweza kuchangia maendeleo ya nchi hii kwa kushiriki kikamilifu katika shughuli zote za shule. Ujibidiishe vilivyo, si katika masomo pekee, lakini pia katika michezo. Kwa kuiendeleza michezo ya riadha na hata ya kuigiza, utakuwa umeiendeleza nchi kwa kuukuza utamaduni wako. Isitoshe, unaweza kushiriki katika shughuli za kuzoa taka katika mtaa ulio karibu na shule yako. Ukifanya hivyo utakuwa umeitikia wito wa serikali wa kuhifadhi mazingira.

Sehemu za mashambani zinahitaji kushughulikiwa kimaendeleo. Licha ya kuwa sehemu nyingi zina rutuba, vijana wengi baada ya kupata masomo huhiari kuhamia mijini kutafuta kazi zenye hadhi.
Mashamba yameachiwa wazee na bila shaka mazao yamekuwa haba. Hebu tujiulize, je, ikiwa sisi vijana
tutaziacha sehemu zetu na kuhamia kwingine, nani atakayeziauni? Je, hatujui kuwa chetu ni chetu na
K.Cn.gPu.EoRyEaVkISuIOazNima haifai chochote? Ni vyema tukumbu2k4e9 kuwa ikiwa tunataka kusaidiwa kuendeleza sehemu zetu, ni lazima sisi wenyewe tuwe tayari kuzitumikia kwani abebwaye hujikaza. Mapenzi kwa nchi ni muhimu mno. Shime tuungane kuijenga nchi yetu.

C. wakiwa na umoja na bidii wanaweza

41. Maendeleo ya nchi yanahitaji

A. kushughulika kila mara katika kilimo

B. ushirikiano wa kila mwananchi

C. kutotarajia serikali kufanya lolote

D. watu wengine kuendeleza nchi

42. Watu walio na fikira za kizalendo ni wale:

A. wanaotarajia kusaidiwa kila mara

B. wanaowataka wengine kushughulikia miradi ya maendeleo
C. wasiojua wameifanyia nini nchi

D. wasiopuuza wajibu wao katika kuendeleza nchi

43. Nchi ni kama chombo cha usafiri kwa sababu:

A. wananchi wasipoiendeleza nchi itazorota

B. bila chombo usafiri haufanikiwi

C. wananchi wasiporudi mashambani nchi itazorota
D. bila wasafiri nchi haifanikiwi

44. Binadamu wanalinganishwa na nyuki kwani

A. wakiwa na bidii nyingi wanaweza kujifaidi wao na wengine
B. nyuki wana umoja japo ni viumbe wadogo

kujifaidi wao na wengine

D. nyuki na mchwa wana bidii za kujenga.

45. Katika kifungu, matendo yanayoonyesha ukweli wa methali, “Kinga na kinga ndipo moto uwakapo” ni:
A. vijana kuzoa taka na sote kushiriki katika michezo
B. wote kurudi mashambani na kulima kwa bidii
C. vijana kudumisha utamaduni na kuimarisha elimu
D. ushirikiano wa nyuki na wananchi kujitahidi pamoja

46. Kulingana na kifungu, matatizo mengi yatatatuliwa iwapo
A. tutafanya kazi kwa pamoja bila kuzingatia tofauti zetu
B. sote tutakuwa na vipawa tofauti tofauti

C. sote tutajibidiisha katika masomo yetu

D. tutatarajia misaada kuinua hali za maisha yetu.

50. Ikiwa vidudu hivi vinaweza kulisha jumuiya,

sembuse sisi? maana yake ni

47. Vijana

A. wanapaswa tu kushughulikia masomo

B. wanapaswa kusoma ili kukuza utamaduni

C. wanapaswa kushiriki kuiimarisha nchi katika nyanja mbalimbali
D. wanapaswa kushirikiana wao kwa wao kujiinua na kuimarisha kilimo

48. Kulingana na kifungu maana ya kazi zenye

A. nyuki wanaweza kulisha watu wengi

B. binadamu ana uwezo wa kushirikiana

C. nyuki wana ushirikiano kuliko binadamu

D. binadamu wana nguvu za kuzalisha kuliko nyuki

hadhi ni:

A. kazi zinazolipa mishahara mikubwa

B. kazi zinazofikiriwa kuwa bora kuliko za shambani
C. kazi zenye marupurupu mengi kuliko za shambani
D. kazi za walio na elimu ya juu

49. Kulingana na kifungu hiki, abebwaye hujikaza

ina maana:

A. unaposaidiwa lazima nawe pia ujitahidi

B. ukibebwa mgongoni usilegee kamwe

C. tusitarajie kusaidiwa bila kusaidia

D. tukiwasaidia wengine lazima tujitahidi

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2007

KISWAHILI SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA

 

Muda: Dakika 40

 

 

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

 

 

1. Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba Yako Kamili ya mtihani, Jina lako na Jina la Shule yako.

2. Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi uliyoachiwa.

INSHA BORA 2007

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 254

Alama iliyotunzwa , 38.

Maswali 1 mpaka 15.

Soma vifungu vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo. Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

Kilimo ni sekta muhimu 1 . Baada ya mimea kuchipuka, mkulima hana budi 2 ili kuikinga dhidi ya magugu na vimelea vingine ambavyo 3 vikawa hatari kwa mimea. 4 pia huendelezwa katika sehemunyingine. Wanyama hawa huogeshwa ndani ya 5 ili kuwaua wadudu waharibifu.
Kilimo kikiendelezwa sehemu za mashambani tutapunguza 6 mijini wa watu wanaotafuta kazi. Vijana wanaokipuuza kilimo watiwe 7 kuzistawisha sehemu zao.

 

 

1. A. kati ya nchi B. katika nchini C. katika nchi D. kati ya nchini

2. A. kuipogoa B. kuipalilia C. kuipura D. kuipulizia

3. A. huja B. vimekuja C. vimeenda D. huenda

4. A. Ufugaji B. Ufungaji C. Uwekaji D. Uwekezaji

5. A. vidimbwi B. majosho C. mito D. maziwa

6. A. uhamaji B. uhamishaji C. uhamishwaji D. uhamiaji

7. A. hima B. hamnazo C. shime D. kapuni

Msichana alikuwa amechoshwa na vitimbi vya kasri 8 shangazi yake ambaye alikuwa amemtoa
K.C.P.E REVISION 255
kijijini kuja kumpeleka shule. 9 alikuwa na nia ya kumfanya 10 . Hakujua amlaumu shangazi yake
huyu, 11 majaliwa 12 wazazi wake na kumwacha yatima. Alikumbuka jinsi 13 na matumaini ya kusoma kwa bidii ili kuiokoa jamii 14 kutokana na umaskini 15 hali zao.

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.

16. Ni tashbihi ipi inayoafikiana na maelezo:

“Kutokeza na kuendelea vizuri kwa haraka”?

A. Chipuka kama majani

B. Chanua kama waridi

C. Chanua kama mgomba

D. Chipuka kama uyoga

 

17. Kitenzi nawa katika kauli ya kutendesha ni:

A. nawika

B. nawia

C. navya

D. nawishwa

 

18. Chagua wingi wa:

Baharia huyu hodari ni mgeni huku kwangu.

A. Baharia hawa hodari ni wageni huku kwetu.

B. Mabaharia hawa hodari ni wageni huku kwetu.

C. Mabaharia hawa hodari ni wageni huku kwangu.

D. Baharia hawa hodari ni wageni huku kwangu.

 

19. Chagua maneno ambayo yote ni vihisishi.

A. Ala, Ee, Wee, Lo

B. Vile, Lo, Simile, Mashalla

C. Jamani, Huree, Ingawa, Isipokuwa

D. Vyema, Ila, Inshalla, Aaa

20. Chagua sentensi iliyo na kivumishi cha sifa.

A. Mwanafunzi ameandika insha nyingine.

B. Daktari amewatibu wagonjwa watatu.

C. Mpishi amepika chakuia kibichi.

D. Mtoto yule anaweza kukimbia.

 

21. Chagua jibu ambalo ni nomino ya dhahania

A. Wayo

B. Umati

C. Mate

D. Wema

22. Salamu “Alamsiki” hujibiwaje?

A. Bi nuru

B. Subahalkheri

C. Salama

D. Masalkheri

 

23. Chagua usemi halisi wa:

Mwalimu aliwauliza kama wangeandika insha siku hiyo jioni.
A. “Mtaandika insha kesho jioni?” Mwalimu aliwauliza.
B. “Kesho jioni mngeandika insha?” Mwalimu aliwauliza.
C. “Mtaandika insha leo jioni?” Mwalimu aliwauliza.

D. “Leo jioni mngeandika insha?” Mwalimu aliwauliza.

 

24. Jina wanaloitana ndugu wa kike na wa kiume ni

A. somo

B. umbu

C. mnuna

D. kaka

 

25. Chagua vielezi katika sentensi: Alisimama wima na kumwita kwa sauti
A. Alisimama, kumwita

B. na, kumwita

C. wima, kwa sauti

D. kumwita, sauti

 

26. Tegua kitendawili

Baba akipiga mbizi huibuka na ndevu nyeupe.

A. Muwa

B. Kinu

C. Mbegu

D. Mwiko

 

27. Pesa za ziada anazolipwa mkopeshaji ni:

A. riba

B. ada

C. mshahara

D. ridhaa

 

28. Maana ya methali:

“Ganda la muwa la jana chungu kaona kivuno” ni:
A. Jambo ambalo unaliona rahisi kwako kwa mwenzako huenda likawa gumu.
B. Haifai kudharau kitu chako duni kwa kutamani cha mwenzako.
C. Haifai kuwadharau watu waliokusaidia hapo awali, huenda ukawahitaji baadaye.
D. Kitu unachokiona duni kwako, huenda kikawa na manufaa kwa mtu mwingine.

29. Jaza pengo kwa kiunganishi kifaacho. Nitakusaidia utahitaji msaada wangu.
A. lakini

B. ingawa

C. iwapo

D. japo

 

30. Mtu anayeihama nchi yake na kununua ardhi na kuishi nchi nyingine ni:
A. mkimbizi

B. mlowezi

C. mtoro

D. msaliti

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali 31 – 40.

 

Nilizaliwa na kulelewa katika familia iliyotajika. Baba yangu Mlajasho alikuwa tajiri wa mali na moyo. Mimi na ndugu yangu mdogo hatukujua maana ya uhitaji kwani baba alitukidhia mahitaji yetu yote. Nyumbani mwetu kila siku mlishiba na kutapika watu wa kila sampuli waliokuja kulilia hali kwa baba. Baba aliwasabilia kwa mengi. Kuna waliopewa ruzuku mbalimbali za vyakula, kuna waliopewa vibarua mashambani na waliofanya kazi pale nyumbani. Almuradi kila mwana kijiji alifaidika kutokana na mkono wazi wa baba. Ndugu yangu mdogo hakuisha kuwabughudhi waja hawa na kuwaita waegemea nundu.

 

Siku zilisonga na kupita kama maji ya mto; hata nikajipata katika shule ya msingi. Niliyakumbatia masomo yangu kwa hamu kubwa. Sikuwa na wakati wa kufanya ajizi, kwani baba, pamoja na pato lake nono, hakuwahi kudekeza hisia za ugoigoi. Nasi ilibidi tufuate nyayo zake; kwani mwana akibebwa hutazama kisogo cha nina. Nilifanya mtihani wangu wa darasa la nane na kuvuna nilichopanda. Asubuhi baada ya kutangazwa kwa matokeo ya mtihani huo, niliamshwa na sauti ya, “pongezi mwanangu,” kutoka kwa baba. Baba alikuwa amebeba gazeti la siku hiyo, usoni amevaa tabasamu kubwa. Sikuamini maneno yake. Nilimnyang’anya gazeti na ikawa kweli mwenye macho haambiwi tazama. Nilikuwa mwanafunzi bora nchini. Nilijiunga na shule mojawapo ya kitaifa.

Siku nilipokivuka kizingiti cha lango la shule ya kitaifa ya Tindi ndipo maisha yangu yalipoanza kuingia ufa.
Nilikutana na Tamasha, mwanafunzi mchangamfu na mcheshi. Alijitambulisha kuwa alisomea shule iliyokuwa jirani na ile yangu ya msingi. Urafiki shakiki ukazaliwa kati yake nami. Tukawa daima tunaandamana. Hayo hayakunitia shaka, kwani Tamasha alinihimiza kila mara nitie bidii masomoni. Hata hivyo, siku zilivyosonga ndivyo tabia yake halisi ilivyonibainikia.

Jioni moja Tamasha alikuja chumbani mwangu akiwa amebeba unga aliouita dawa ya homa. Aliniambia nijaribu kutibu homa ambayo ilikuwa imenikaba kwa siku ayami. Nami, kwa kutotaka kumvunja rafiki yangu, nikachukua unga huo na kuutia kinywani; ingawa kwa kweli mwalimu wetu alikuwa ametuonya dhidi ya kutumia dawa zozote bila maelekezo ya daktari. Unga huu haukuitibu homa yangu, ila ulinipa utulivu mkubwa wa akili, utulivu ambao sikuwa nimewahi kuushuhudia maishani.

Tamasha alifika chumbani mwangu usiku kunijulia hali. Alinipata nimejituliza juu ya kitanda changu. Alinisalimu na kukenua kama aliyetarajia jawabu fulani kutoka kwangu. Nilimweleza hali yangu naye akaniambia kuwa hivyo ndivyo dawa hiyo ifanyavyo kazi; kwamba amekuwa akiitumia kwa muda, hata nyakati za mtihani; naye hupata nguvu za kukabiliana na majabali yote. Alinielekeza kwa Mzee Kamaliza ambaye ndiye aliyekuwa akimuuzia unga huo. Kuanzia siku hiyo nikawa mteja mwaminifu wa Kamaliza. Nilitumia unga huu bila fikira nikidhani kuwa ilikuwa dawa ya homa tu! Sikujua ilikuwa dawa ya kulevya; na Tamasha alikuwa mraibu sugu wa dawa hiyo na nyingine nyingi! “Uzuri wake huu ni wa mkakasi tu?” Nilijiuliza. “Laiti ningalijua”. Hata hivyo maswali yote haya hayakuwa na faida tena. Nilikuwa tayari nimezama katika tatizo sugu la

Km.Ca.tPu.mE RizEi VyaISdIOaNwa za kulevya.

259

Nilijisuta moyoni kwa matumizi ya dawa za kulevya ambayo yalielekea kuyagongesha mwamba maisha yangu

31. Mambo yanayoonyesha kuwa Mlajasho alikuwa tajiri wa mali na moyo ni:
A. Kukidhi mahitaji ya wana, watu kumlilia hali.

B. Kukidhi mahitaji ya wana, kuwapa watu riziki.
C. Kukidhi mahitaji ya wana, kumkanya mwanawe.
D. Kukidhi mahitaji ya wana, watu kumfuata kwake.

32. “Ndugu yangu mdogo hakuisha kuwabughudhi waja hawa na kuwaita waegemea nundu”,

B. maisha ya msimulizi yaliporomoka.

C. maisha ya msimulizi yalianza kubadilika

D. maisha ya msimulizi yaliharibika

35. Msimulizi hakutaka kuacha “unga” kwa sababu:

A. alikuwa amezoea uraibu wa Kamaliza

B. hakutaka kumuudhi Tamasha

C. alichelea kuondolewa kundini na wenzake

D. alichelea kudunishwa na wenzake.

inaonyesha kuwa ndugu mdogo alikuwa

A. mwenye uzushi

B. mwenye kujisifu

C. mwenye mapuuza

D. mwenye uchoyo

33. Msimulizi alisoma kwa hamu kwa kuwa

A. alipenda masomo yake

B. baba yake alikuwa mkali

C. baba yake alikuwa mwenye bidii

D. alitaka kufuata nyayo za ndugu yake.

 

34. Kifungu “ndipo maisha yangu yalipoanza kuingia ufa” kinamaanisha:
A. maisha ya msimulizi yalianza kupata matatizo
K.C.P.E REVISION 260

36. Mambo yanayoonyesha kuwa kifungu hiki kinapinga matumizi ya dawa za kulevya ni:

A. msimulizi kufukuzwa shule, msimulizi kujiunga na wanaopinga matumizi mabaya ya dawa shuleni.
B. walimu kumshauri msimulizi, mama pamoja na
mwalimu mkuu kumwonya msimulizi shuleni.

C. Kamaliza kuacha kuuza dawa, mama kumshauri msimulizi.
D. walimu kugundua tatizo la msimulizi, msimulizi
kuaibika shuleni.

37. Kulingana na kifungu hiki, jamii inakabiliana na tatizo la matumizi mabaya ya dawa kwa:
A. kuwapeleka watoto shuleni, matajiri kuwasaidia watu
B. ushirikiano kati ya wazazi na walimu, kuwajibika kwa vijana
C. ushirikiano kati ya wazazi na walimu, kuaibika kwa vijana
D. wazazi kwenda shuleni wanapoitwa, kuwajibika kwa vijana

38. Methali ambayo haifai kujumlisha ujumbe wa taarifa hii ni:
A. nazi mbovu harabu ya nzima

B. mchezea tope humrukia

C. mwegemea nundu haachi kunona

D. mchovya asali hachovyi mara moja
K.C.P.E REVISION 261

39. “Uzuri wake huu ni wa mkakasi tu?” ina maana Tamasha:
A. alikuwa mcheshi

B. alikuwa mnafiki

C. hakuweza kuaminika

D. hakuweza kutegemewa

40. Msimulizi alikuwa “sikio la kufa” kwa sababu:

A. hakupona homa baada ya kutumia unga

B. hakuacha uraibu wake baada ya kuonywa na baba na mwalimu
C. alifumaniwa na naibu wa mwalimu mkuu akipiga maji
D. alipata adhabu aliyotarajia baada ya kupiga maji

Soma taarifa hii kisha ujibu maswali 41 mpaka 50.

Mafunzo ya kuimarisha maadili katika jamii ni muhimu. Kinyume na hapo awali, sasa maadili ya jamii zetu yanazoroteka kwa kasi sana kiasi cha kushangaza. Mwingiliano mwingi kati ya mataifa ya Kiafrika na ya kigeni unaweza kuleta upungufu wa maadili. Watu wengi hufikiria kuwa upotovu wa maadili ndio ustaarabu ufaao. Kusifu na kuziiga nyendo mbaya huchangia upalilizi wa uozo wa tabia. Hali hii inaweza kuzifuja nchi hizi.

Ni dhahiri shahiri kuwa umaskini wa nchi umewafanya vijana kwa wazee kutamani na kuzitafuta njia za mkato za kujitajirisha. Kwa kuingiwa na tamaa nyingi, wao huanzisha miradi ya kifisadi. Watu hao hufanya juu chini kutafuta mianya ya kujipenyezea fedha. Wao hufanya haya bila ya kujali madhara yanayoletwa na hizo pilkapilka zao. Hongo huzidi kuendelezwa ili kuficha hizo njama ambazo huwa hatari kwa usalama wa nchi na watu wake.

Tamaa ikikithiri mpaka, bongo za fisadi hao hazitulii bali huenda kwa haraka isiyomithilika. Watu hujikweza wakitaka kuwafikia na kuwapita waliowatangulia kiuchumi. Mathalani, watu ambao hivi majuzi walionekana hoi ama watu wa kawaida, ghafla huonekana watu wa kuishi kitajiri huku wakijijengea majumba ya ghorofa katika mitaa ya kifahari. Kama hali hiyo ingeletwa na kushukiwa na nyota ya jaha, ungeelewa. Lakini kama utajiri huo unatokana na kufurisha mifuko kwa kuleta shoti ofisini, wakitumia wizi wa kalamu au kula mlungula, itabidi utiliwe shaka na kulaaniwa. Vijana ambao ndio wajenzi wa taifa wa leo na kesho wanapaswa kuvipuuza vitendo hivyo kwa sababu vinadhalilisha utu wa jamii.

Serikali nyingi za Kiafrika hutafuta mikakati ya kukabiliana na ufisadi ili ziimarishe maadili.
Mojawapo ya hiyo mikakati ni hatua ya serikali ya kuwahimiza wananchi kujaza fomu kuonyesha jumla ya rasilimali zao. Hata hivyo wahusika katika ufisadi hutafuta vizingiti vya kuzizuia juhudi hizo za serikali.

Ni bayana kuwa mtu hawezi kushindana na mkono mrefu wa serikali. Juhudi za kukomesha vituko vya ufisadi zimeanza kuzaa matunda. Tayari vielelezo vya kupambana na ufisadi vimeanza kujidhihirisha vyenyewe. Hivi majuzi vituko vya kujenga nyumba hafifu hapa nchini vilifuatiliwa unyounyo na wahusika kufunguliwa mashtaka; hasa baada ya watu kupoteza maisha yao na wengine kulemazwa walipoangukiwa na nyumba hizo. Kwa mfano, watu waliodai kuwa watajenga ghorofa tatu, walibadili nia na kujenga ghorofa zaidi. Walifanya hivyo baada ya kupata vibali vya pembe za chaki. Isitoshe, kwa kutaka kutajirika haraka walinunua na kuvitumia vifaa duni kinyume na kanuni za uhandisi. Mambo kama
haya hujitokeza katika nchi nyingi barani Afrika. Nchi hizi sasa zimeamka na kukaza kamba katika

Kk.Cu.Pu.pEinRgEaVISIONufisadi huu.

262

44. Utajiri unaotiliwa shaka ni ule:

41. Nchi zetu zinazidi kuharibiwa na:

A. kufuata ustaarabu wa kigeni na kupuuza maadili
B. wananchi wapendao maadili ya mataifa yao

C. vijana wanaoigiza maadili yafaayo

D. kutoelewa vizuri maana ya maadili

42. Chagua maelezo yaliyo sawa kulingana na aya ya pili.
A. Njama za ufisadi zinailetea nchi matatizo.

B. Usalama wa nchi hautegemei pilkapilka za fisadi.
C. Maskini wote wanatafuta njama za kujitajirisha
kifisadi.

D. Njia za mkato zatajirisha nchi upesi

43. Ushahidi kuwa ufisadi upo ni:

A. kuwapo na kuziiga nyendo za kigeni

B. kupatikana kwa haraka kwa mambo ya kifahari
C. kujenga majumba makubwa na ya kifahari katika
mitaa bora

A. wa kuigwa na watu wote

B. usio na wizi wa kalamu

C. wa njama za uharibifu

D. upendwao na vijana nchini

45. Kushukiwa na nvota ya jaha ni sawa na:

A. mchezo wa bahati nasibu

B. kupewa zawadi kwa kushinda

C. kupata kwa haraka

D. kubahatika kihalali

46. Kulingana na taarifa hii, mawazo ya fisadi:

A. yanaimarisha nchi kiuchumi kwa kutajirika

B. hayazingatii utamaduni wa wote

C. hutafuta njia mbalimbali za kujitajirisha

D. yanatamani maadili ya watangulizi wao

47. Upalilizi wa uozo wa tabia huendelezwa kwa:

A. kupenda na kuzifuata tabia za kifisadi

B. kufikiria tu juu ya upotovu wa maadili

C. kusifu na kuzifuata nyendo zote za kigeni

D. mwingiliano wa binadamu katika ustaarabu

48. Madhara makuu yanayoweza kupata jamii ya kifungu ni:
A. vijana kuupenda na kuuiga utamaduni wa kigeni
B. umaskini mkubwa unaorudisha nchi nyuma kiuchumi
C. watu kuingilia njama za kifisadi kwa kutaka kutajirika
D. maangamizi yanayoletwa na watu wenye njama za kifisadi

49. Mwandishi wa taarifa hii ana msimamo kuwa:
A. ustaarabu wote wa kigeni unapotosha maadili
B. maadili yatafaulishwa na vijana na serikali husika
C. uigaji wa nyendo za kigeni unapaswa kuzuiwa
D. ujenzi wa ghorofa duni na njama za kifisadi zimezidi

50. Kifungu hiki kinaweza kufupishwa kwa kutumia methali:

A. mwacha mila ni mtumwa

B. mla nawe hafi nawe ila mzaliwa nawe

C. tamaa mbele mauti nyuma

D. vyote ving’aavyo si dhahabu

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2008

KISWAHILI SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA

 

Muda: Dakika 40

 

 

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

 

 

1. Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba Yako Kamili ya mtihani, Jina lako na Jina la shule yako.

2. Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi uliyoachiwa.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 266

Alama iliyotunzwa 33

KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2008

KISWAHILI
SEHEMU YA KWANZA: LUGHA

Maswali 1 mpaka 15.

 

Soma vifungu vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo. Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

Kwa _1_Kiswahili ni lugha ya Kiafrika ambayo imeenea kote. Wenyeji asilia _2_wakiongea lugha hii_3 _
awali ni

Waswahili. Waswahili wanapatikana kote katika upwa mzima _4_ pwani ya Afrika Mashariki. Kwa muda mrefu

Kiswahili _5 _ humu nchini lakini mambo yamebadilika. Lugha hii sasa imepewa hadhi kubwa _6_ nyanja mbalimbali
nchini. Lugha hii _ 7_ pakubwa kuwaunganisha wananchi na kudumisha amani. Wakenya wengi wamejitolea kuikuza

lugha hii yao na hawataki tena _8_.

 

1. A. sababu B. hivyo C. hakika D. vile

 

2. A. wamekuwa B. waliokuwa C. watakaokuwa D. wangekuwa

 

3. A. tangu B. hadi C. hata D. mpaka

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.

19. Chagua kinyume cha sentensi:

16. Chagua usemi wa taarifa ulio sahihi wa “Kilele cha Mlima Kenya kina theluji nyingi.” Fatuma akasema.
A Fatuma alisema kwamba kilele cha Mlima Kenya kilikuwa na theluji nyingi.
B. Fatuma anasema kwamba kilele cha Mlima Kenya

Musa alisifiwa kwa utiifu wake.

A. Musa hakusifiwa kwa utiifu wake.

B. Musa alikashifiwa kwa utundu wake.

C. Musa alikashifiwa kwa ukaidi wake.

D. Musa hakukashifiwa kwa ukaidi wake.

 

20. Methali yenye maana sawa na

huwa na theluji nyingi.

C. Fatuma akasema kwamba kilele cha Mlima Kenya
kimekuwa na theluji nyingi.

D. Fatuma alisema kwamba kilele cha Mlima Kenya kingekuwa na theluji nyingi.

17. Ni sentensi ipi inayoonyesha matumizi sahihi ya
Lau?

A. Lau mwanafunzi anapopita mtihani hutuzwa.

B. Lau ungekuja ningekusaidia.

C. Nipe lau kitabu kimoja nisome.

D. Nitakujuza Iau hutaki kujua.

 

18. Chagua jibu linaloonyesha aina za mashairi.

A. Tarbia, Takhmisa

B. Tarbia, Mizani

C. Vina, Takhmisa

D. Takhmisa, Mishororo

“usiache mbachao kwa msala upitao” ni

A. usione kwenda mbele kurudi nyuma si kazi

B. bahati ya mwenzio usiilalie mlango wazi

C. usipoziba ufa utajenga ukuta

D. bura yangu siibadili na rehani.

 

21 .Jogoo in kwa koo, fahali ni kwa

A. ndama

B. kipora .

C. tembe

D. Mtamba

 

22. Chagua aina ya pambo ambalo huvaliwa miguuni.

A. Kipete

B. Kidani

C. Kikuku

D. Kikuba

K.C.P.E REVISION 269

23. Umoja wa sentensi “Waungwana wowote hawawezi

kutufanyia fujo” ni

A. Muungwana yeyote hawezi kutufanyia fujo.

B. Muungwana yeyote hawezi kunifanyia fujo.

C. Muungwana yoyote hawezi kunifanyia fujo.

D. Muungwana yoyote hawezi kutufanyia fujo.

 

 

 

 

 

 

24. Chagua sentensi ambayo ni muungano sahihi wa hizi:

Mburukenge aliingia uwanjani. Mburukenge aliwafadhaisha wanafunzi.
A. Mburukenge aliingia uwanjani na kuwafadhaisha

wanafunzi.

B. Mburukenge aliingia uwanjani kwa kuwafadhaisha wanafunzi.
C. Mburukenge aliingia uwanjani lakini aliwafadhaisha wanafunzi.
D. Mburukenge aliingia uwanjani kwani aliwafadhaisha wanafunzi.

25. Kumpiga mtu vijembe ni

A. kumpa sifa asizostahili

B. kumsema kwa mafumbo

C. kumchafulia mtu jina

D. kumfanyia ishara ya dharau.

 

26. Ugonjwa wa ukambi pia huitwa

A. surua

B. safura

C. ndui

D. tetewanga

 

27. Sahihisha: Kule mlikolima hamna rutuba

A. Kule mlipolima hamna rutuba

B. Pale mlipolima hamna rutuba

C. Kule mlikolima hakuna rutuba.

D. Mle mlimolima hakuna rutuba

 

28. Chagua nomino kutokana na kitenzi kumbuka

A. Kumbukika

B. Kumbukwa

C. Kumbusha

D. Kumbusho.

 

29. Umbu, mkoi, halati, wote ni

A. jamii

B. wakwe

C. jamaa

D. marafiki.

 

30. Kitendawili “Nikitembea yuko nikikimbia yuko, nikiingia ndani hayuko,” jibu lake ni
A. mwanga

B. kivuli

C. mwangwi

D. upepo

Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali 31 – 40.

Uamuzi uliofanywa na serikali wa kuhimiza watoto wote warudi shuleni ni jambo mwafaka.
Watoto walifurika furifuri shuleni ili kusajiliwa. Wale waliokuwa wakirandaranda mitaani walifuatilizwa himahima na kupelekwa shule.
Waliokuwa wakubwa ki-umri walipelekwa kwenye shule za ufundi. Wakatabasamu kwa furaha kama mzazi aliyepata salama.

Kwa miaka mingi, baadhi ya wazazi walikuwa wameshindwa kuwasomesha wana wao. Hii ni kutokana na umaskini uliokithiri mipaka. Hali hiyo ilichangia huzuni kuu miongoni mwa familia. Pengo la waliosoma na wasiosoma lilizidi kuwa pana kielimu na kiuchumi. Uadui ukaingilia jamii. Ujambazi nao ukazidi.

Sasa watu wote wakipewa haki sawa ya kusoma, hata wale watoto wa maskini watamanio masomo watakinaisha kiu yao. Pia mengi ya matatizo yatapungua. Si kweli kuwa tajiri ni mwerevu kuliko mkata. Kila mwanajamii akipewa nafasi na asome kwa bidii atafua dafu maishani.

Vijana watakaofuzu katika shule za kiufundi wataweza kuajiriwa katika sekta mbalimbali.
Mwishowe wakipata mtaji watajiendeleza kwa kuanzisha miradi midogomidogo ya kujitegemea. Hali kama hii ikienea kote nchini viwanda vidogovidogo vitaanzishwa na ajira itapatikana. Hiyo itakuwa njia mojawapo kuu ya kuuinua uchumi na kuzalisha nafasi nyingi za kazi. Kitaaluma, hawa vijana wataweza kuwa madaktari, wasanii, walimu … na kazi zingine nyingi. Kisomo ni kitamu. Hakifai kutiliwa nanga.

31. Uamuzi uliofanywa na serikali

A. ulisababisha kufurika kwa watoto shuleni na kupita mitihani.
B. ulisababisha kuchipuka kwa vyuo vya ufundi na kuondoa umaskini.
C. ulisababisha kuongezeka kwa watoto shuleni na kupata nafasi ya kujiendeleza.
D. ulisababisha kupungua kwa umaskini na kuwapa watoto nafasi ya kujiendeleza

32. ….baadhi ya wazazi walikuwa wameshindwa kuwasomesha wana wao.
Chagua methali inayoweza kuelezea hali hii.

A. Maskini kupata ni mwenye nguvu kupenda.

B. Dau la mnyonge haliendi joshi.

C. Ngombe wa maskini hazai pacha.

D. Maskini halali mchana.

33. Ukosefu wa elimu unasababisha

A. umaskini, uadui, huzuni na ujambazi

B. wivu, ujambazi, kukosa kiu ya kusoma na uadui
C. utajiri, ukosefu wa kazi, huzuni na ujambazi

D. ujambazi, wivu, utajiri na kiu ya kusoma.

34. Kulingana na kifungu, pengo kubwa la kiuchumi limesababishwa na
A. watoto kutopata kisomo kwa sababu ya umaskini
B. uadui na ujambazi ulioikumba jamii maskini

C. watoto kutopelekwa shule za ufundi kwa sababu ya umaskini
D. wazazi kushindwa kupambana na umaskini.

35. Ni kweli kuwa watu wote wakipewa nafasi sawa
A. watoto wa maskini watakuwa werevu

B. watoto maskini na tajiri watakuwa sawa

C. watoto wote wapendao kusoma watakuwa matajiri
D. watoto wote wapendao kusoma watapata kisomo.

 

 

 

 

36. Vijana wote wakipata mtaji:

A. wataanzisha miradi ya kiufundi

B. wataweza hata kuwa wataalamu

C. wataanzisha shughuli za kujikimu

D. watakitilia kisomo chao makini.

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 273

37. Kisomo hakifai kutiliwa nanga kwa sababu

A. watu watakuwa wataalamu

B. kina manufaa mengi

C. shule zitapanuka

D. serikali itakigharamia.

38. Maana ya kusajiliwa ni:

A. kurekebishwa

B. kunufaishwa

C. kuandikishwa

D. kufundishwa.

39. Watakinaisha kiu yao ina maana ya:

A. watapunguza tamaa yao

B. wataacha hofu yao.

C. watafurahia hali yao.

D. watatosheleza hamu yao.

40. Kichwa kinachofaa zaidi kwa taarifa hii ni:

A. Ukarimu wa serikali.

B. Kupunguza ujinga.

C. Masomo ya kiufundi.

D. Serikali kupanua masomo.

K.C.P.E REVISION 274

Soma taarifa hii kisha ujibu maswali 41 mpaka 50.

Wanafunzi wa shule ya Mtepetevu walitembelewa na wazazi. Kabla ya kuruhusiwa kukutana na watoto wao, wazazi waliingia kwenye mkutano. Takriban kila mzazi alimbebea mwanawe furushi la chakula, licha ya kuwa watoto wao walikuwa wamerudi kutoka nyumbani majuma mawili tu yaliyopita.

Mkutanoni wazazi walizozana kuhusu maakuli shuleni, mavazi na mitindo ya nywele ya watoto hao. Baadhi walitaka watoto wao wapewe mapochopocho na matunda ghalighali. Wengine wao siku hiyo hawakufikiria sana kuhusu juhudi za watoto masomoni, kinyume na kawaida yao. Hata hivyo, wengi wao waliona mbele, wakapinga udekezaji huo.

Mzozo ulipokuwa ukipamba moto, kijana mmoja wa karibu miaka ishirini na minne, aliyekuwa amevalia kilalahoi, akaingia mkutanoni. Baadhi ya wazazi waliomuona walishindwa kwani mkutano
ulikuwa ni wa wazazi. Kijana akaketi na kutega sikio. Mzazi mmoja alisimama na kusema, “Nimeitazama orodha hii ya vyakula na nimesikitika. Kwa nini hawa watoto hawapewi chapati kwa kima, pilau na
“matoke”? Tunalipa! Sasa kwa nini wanakula ugali na “githeri”.

Kijana yule alikereketwa, akaunyoosha mkono juu sana na alipoona anapuuzwa, akasimama na kuanza kusema,
“Hoja mnazotoa si ” Baadhi ya wazazi wakamdakia na kusema, “We! Nyamaza. U mtoto! U mkwe
wetu “. Kijana akazidi kukakawana na kutaka kupewa nafasi lakini wale waliokuwa karibu naye
wakamlazimisha kuketi. Mwenyekiti

akasema, “Huu ni mkutano wa wazazi. Jukumu lako kijana ni kunyamaza na kusikiliza kwa makini, kisha uwapelekee
wazazi ujumbe.”

Kijana alikazana, “Tafadhali nipeni ruhusa. Kitanda msichokilalia, hamuwajui kunguni wake.” Akaulizwa walikokuwa wazazi wake kwani ndio waliotakiwa mkutanoni. Akajibu, “Bwana Mwenyekiti, sina wazazi! Mimi ni mlezi wa wadogo zangu, nina mdogo wangu hapa. Nimetoka mbali huko kote kuja kuwawakilisha,marehemu wazazi wangu. Mimi si mlevi, si mhuni au mkwe wenu. Nina akili razini. Kuwa kijana si dhambi. Nimemaliza chuo kikuu. Nina kazi lakini mshahara wote unaishia kwenye malezi na sasa mnanikataza kusema lolote. Je, kijana hana haki? Ninajua kuwa maji mengi hayazuiliki lakini tushirikianeni kwani penye wengi hapaharibiki neno”.
K.C.P.E REVISION 275

Mwenyekiti akampa nafasi ya kujieleza. Kijana akaendelea, “Mimi kama kijana mlezi,
nimewasikiliza kwa makini. Ninapinga hoja ya mavazi ya nyumbani na mapochopocho kama chapati….

C. umri wake

41. Ni jambo gani linaloonyesha kuwa hawa watoto wanadekezwa?
A. Ingawa walikuwa hawajakaa sana shuleni, wazazi waliwabebea mafurushi ya vyakula.
B. Walikuwa wametoka nyumbani na mafurushi ya vyakula.
C. Wazazi walikuwa wanataka watoto wale mapochopocho, sio tu kuvaa kifahari.
D. Wazazi walikuja mpaka shuleni kuwaona watoto hao na vyakula.

42. Ukipamba moto maana yake ni:

A. ukiwa na joto jingi

B. ukizidi kuendelea

C. ukiharibika

D. ukihimizwa

43. Mkutanoni kulikuwa na:

A. wapinzani, mwenyekiti na kijana

B. waungaji mkono, kijana na mwenyekiti

C. Wageni, kijana na mwenyekiti

D. wadekezaji, waona mbele na mwenyekiti

44. Kijana alipuuzwa kwa sababu ya

D. kutaka kuongea.

45. Kwa nini kijana alikazana kunyoosha mkono?

A. Alitaka kuondoa shaka ya wazazi na kutoa hoja zake.
B. Alitaka kusema kuwa yeye ni mlezi si mkwe.

C. Alikasirika na kutaka kupingana na wazazi.

D. Alikasirika kwa kudharauliwa akataka ajitambulishe.

46. Hoja za kijana zilionyesha

A. ukaidi wake

B. ulala hoi wake

C. ukomavu wake

D. ujana wake

hamuwajui kunguni wake ina maana

A. wazazi hawajajua matatizo ya watoto

B. wazazi hawakujua hali ya kijana

C. wazazi hawakuamini hoja za kijana

D. wazazi hawakuamini maoni ya watoto.

48. Kulingana na taarifa hii wazazi walipaswa

A. kujadili jinsi watoto wao walivyokula, walivyovaa na kuwa na mandari shuleni
B. kuzungumzia nidhamu na jinsi ya kuwahimiza walimu kuwapa watoto chakula cha kifahari
C. wakomeshe udekezaji, wahimize nidhamu na kuacha kutaka kugeuza shule kuwa ni mandari
D. kuondoa udekezaji na raha zote zilizokuwapo shuleni kama mavazi ya kifahari na lishe bora.

49. Mpangilio bora wa matukio ya siku hiyo huko Mtepetevu ulikuwa

A. kuwasili, kuingia mkutanoni, kuzozana, kuelewana na kuomba msamaha
B. kuwasili, kuzozana, kuomba msamaha, kuingia mkutanoni na kuelewana
C. kuwasili, kuingia mkutanoni, kuelewana,

kuzozana na kuomba msamaha

D. kuwasili, kuzozana, kuingia mkutanoni, kuomba msamaha na kuelewana.

50. Kichwa mwafaka kinachofaa kuelezea taarifa hii ni:
A. Dhifa ya wazazi shuleni.

B. Ujana shuleni si hoja.

C. Mzozo na mapatano shuleni.

D. Kudunishwa kwa vijana shuleni.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2009

KISWAHILI SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA

 

Muda: Dakika 40

 

 

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

 

 

1. Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba Yako Kamilin ya mitihani, Jina la shule yako.

2. Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi iliyoachwa.

KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2009

KISWAHILI
SEHEMU YA KWANZA: LUGHA

Maswali 1 mpaka 15

Sonma vifungu vifuatuvyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo.
Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

Kipepesi ni njia mojawapo 1 sana siku hizi 2 mawasiliano. Njia 3 hutumika zaidi ofisini. 4 ni kali ya matokeo ya maendeleo ya kiteknolojia 5 dunia kuwa duara ndogo 6 walimwengu huweza 7 kwa njia rahisi.

 

 

 

1. A. zilizotumika B. zinazotumika C. inayotumika D. iliyotumika
2. A. katika B. kuhusu C . ndani ya D. mbali na
3. A. hiyo B. hizi C. hizo D. hii
4. A. Ama B. Aidha C. Na D. Au

5. A. iliyoiwezesha B.yaliyoliwezesha C. iliyoliwezesha D. yaliyojwezesha

6. A. ambayo B. ambao C. ambapo D. ambalo

K.7C..P.E REAV.ISION kuwasiliana B. kuwasilisha C2. 79

kuwasilishwa D. kuwasilishiana

Kutoja swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.

16. “Ka” imetumiwaje kalika sentensi:

Mvulana aliwasili nyumbani, akavua nguo, akafululiza jikoni, akala?

A. kuonyesha hali ya kuendelea kwa matukio.

B. kuunyesha hali ya kufuatana kwa matukio.

C. kuonyesha hali ya masharti.

D. kuonyesha hali ya wakati uliopita.

 

17. kanusha sentesi hii:

Mahali kuliko na gharika kwahitaji msaada.

A. Mahali kuliko na kiangazi hakuhitaji msaada.

B. Mahali kuliko na kiangazi kwahitaji msaada.

C. Mahali kusiko na gharika kwahitaji msaada.

D. Mahali kusiko na gharika hakuhitaji msaada.

 

18. Chagua jawabu lisilo sahihi.

A. Paa ni mnyama.

B. Paa ni kwenda juu.

C. Paa ni sehemu ya mbele ya uso.

D. Paa ni sehemu ya juu ya nyumba.

 

19. Geuza katika usemi wa taarifa:

Mwalimu aliwaambia wanafunzi, “Tutakamilisha shughuli ya kudurusu kwa kufanya mtihani muhula huu.”

A. Mwalimu aliwaarifu wanafunzi kuwa

wangekamilisha shughuli ya kudurusu kwa kufanya mithani muhula huu.
B. Mwalimu aliwaarifu wanafunzi kuwa wangekamillisha shughuli ya kudurusu kwa kufanya mitihani muhula huu.

C. Mwalimu aliwaarifu wanafunzi kuwa watakamilisha shughuli ya kudurusu kwa kufanya mitihani muhula huu.

D. Mwaliinu aliwaaritu wanafunzi kuwa watakamilisha shughuli ya kudurusu kwa kufanya mtihani muhula huo.

20. “Wa” umetumikaje katika sentensi:

Uzi mweupe wa kushonea umenunuliwa?

 

A. kuonyesha kumiliki.

B. Kuowesha matumizi.

C. Kuonyesha kitenzi.

D. kuonyesha hali.

 

21. Panga vifungu vifuatavyo kuunda sentensi sahihi.

(i) huyafukua

(ii) kila tukipanda

(iii) mahindi

(iv) na kuyala

(v) kuchakulo

 

A. (ii), (iii), (v), (i), (iv)

B. (i), (iv), (iii), (v), (ii)

C. (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (i)

D. (i), (v), (ii), (iii), (iv)

25. Chagua kiwakilishi katika sentensi. Huyu anaupinga vikali ufisadi.
A. ufisadi

B. vikali

C. anaupinga

D. huyu.

 

22. Nomino kutokana na kitenzi ‘nyamaa’ ni:

A. nyamazia

B. Kunyamavu

C. Nyamaza

D. Unyamavu

 

23. Zabuni ni:

A. kuuza kwa kuongezea bei

B. kuuza kwa kushindania bei

C. kuuza kwa rejareja

D. kuuza kwa kukopesha

 

24. Ni methali ipi iliyo na maana tofauti

maelezo haya? Ukisoma ukurasa mmoja mmoja utakamilisha kitabu chote

A. Bandu handu huisha gogo.

B. Chovya chovya humaliza buyu la asali.

C. Tone na tone habari hujaa.

D. Chururu si ndo ndo ndo.

26. Mazingira, machozi na mate ni nomino katika ngeli ya

A. YA-YA

B. I-ZI

C. Ll-YA

D. U-YA

 

27. Chagua kiambishi kifaacho kuchazia pengo: Farasi hata shinda nyumbu
A. i

B. li

C. m

D. zi

 

28. Chagua neno Ienye maana sawa na minghairi ya:

A. mradi

B. pasipo

C. isipokuwa

D. bali.

29. Jibu la kitendawili:

Afahamu kuchora lakini hajui achoracho ni:

A. mjusi

B. kobe

C. Konokono

D. nyoka.

 

30. Chagua sentensi ambayo imetumia kihisishi kifaacho.

A. Simile! Mpishe mwenye mzigo.

B. Pole jamani! Mmepata afueni nyote.

C. Alhamdulilahi! Mali yote imeporwa

D. Pakachaka! Amependekeza suluhisho nzuri.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali 31– 40

Jamii thabiti huhitaji misingi madhubuti ya makuzi ya watoto. Hoja ya wazazi isiwe tu kujitafutia mali kiholela bali iwe ni kuwatambua warithi wa mali inayotafutwa. Hii ndiyo maana wazazi wengi leo hujikusuru kuisimamisha misingi ya malezi bora ya watoto kwa kuwasomesha.

Kumsomesha mototo tu bila msingi wa nidhamu ni kama kulijenga jumba la ghorofa bila msingi imara na kuporomoka kwake ni ajabu.Vijana wanapaswa kuelewa umuhimu huu ili wawe tayari kuupokea uongozi urathi wa jamii.

Msingi madhubuti ya kinidhamu hujengwa tangu watoto wakianza kutambua mambo. Kungoja mpaka mtoto awe mkubwa ndipo aanze kufunza maadili ni kama kujaribu kumkunja samaki akiwa tayari amekomaa na kuwa mkavu; udongo tuuwahi uli maji.

Hapo kale mambo yalikuwa tofauti mtoto aliweza kosolewa na mtu yeyote yule hata kama alikuwa ni mpita njia. Watoto walikuwa ni wa jamii, hulka zao zilionekana mapema kama vile nyota njema zionekanavyo alfajiri. Watoto walikuwa wakitenda mambo huku waijihisi kuwa wanakondolewa macho na jamii. Hisia hizo ziliwafanya watoto kujichunguza, kujiasa, na kutenda kila jambo kwa tahathari.
Watoto waliheshimu watu wazima bila kushuruishwa, hali ambayo ilijenga uhusiano mzuri katika jamii.

Mtoto afunzwe adabu ipasavyo kawaida hawezi kutetereka popote alipo, iwe shuleni au nyumbani. Mtoto kama huyo kufanya zumbukuku na watovu wa nidhamu sio rahisi, bali hataweza kuchukua nafasi ya walimu na wazazi kuyapitisha maadili mwafaka kwa wenzake. Mtoto huyo hukuza mbegu bora katika jamii. Yeye hujistahi, huwa na bidii na uvumilivu mwingi. Wazazi wakilea watoto wa aina hii na wawaongezee mafunzo ya kidini, jamii itakuwa na uhakika wa kuwa na warithi bora. Watoto hao wataweza kuchangia katika pakubwa katika maendeloe ya nchi kwa jumla.

Ipo haja kubwa sasa ya kuacha kung’ang’ania kasumba na tamaduni za kigeni katika malezi. Tuache ubaguzi, uvivu na ubinafsi ili kuwapa watoto mfano bora na miangaza ya kuwakuza kifikira, kielimu, kiuchumi na kitamaduni. Jamii isipuuze kutoa mchango yakc katika urekebishaji wa watoto. Mathalani, ni makosa mtu kuacha kumkosoa mtoto atendaye mambo ya kuyahatarisha maisha yake na ya wenzake.

 

Watoto hata nao wana jukumu katika kuyaimarisha maisha yao. Wanapaswa kuziepuka tabia
K.Cm.Pb.EaRyaEVhISaItOaNikiwa wapewi misingi makwao. Wanawe2z8a3kuziiga jamii nyofu kinidhamu hata ikiwa sio wazazi wao na kuyatupilia mbali mambo maovu ambayo yanawazunguka katika jamii. Ni vizuri wajue

31. Kulingana na kifungu, misingi bora ya watoto hukuzwa kwa:

A. wazazi kutafuta mali na kuwasomesha warithi
B. kuujua umuhimu wao na kuwapa maelekezi

C. kuwa na misingi madhubuti shuleni

D. kufunza watoto kujikusuru kiuchumi.

32. Maana ya “kuporomoka kwake si ajabu” ni:

A. haishangazi ikiwa ghorofa itaanguka

B. malezi ya watoto kuharibika si kazi

C. wazazi kushindwa malezi si ajabu

D. ni rahisi jamii kupoteza warithi.

33. Amekomaa na kuwa mkavu: huweza kulinganishwa na:
A. ugumu wa malezi bora

B. madhara ya ucheleweshaji wa kufunza nidhamu
C. adhara ya ucheleweshaji wa masomo ya watoto
D. ugumu wa kuwakosoa watoto.

34. Watoto wa zamani:

A. walilelewa kwa ugumu

B. waliwaogopa wazazi waliowalea

C. walikomaa kwa haraka

D. walilelewa kwa ushirikiano.

35. Watoto kuhisi kuwa wanatazamwa na jamii kuliwafanya waweze:
A. kuithamini jamii zaidi

B. kuiogopa jamii majumbani

C. kuwajibika katika jamii

D. kurekebisha tabia katika jamii.

36. Kulingana na kifungu. ubaguzi katika malezi hutokea:
A. wazazi wanapopuuza kurekebisha makosa ya watoto wengine
B. wazazi wanapoanza kuwasomesha watoto wao tu
C. jamii inapoanza kuwakodolea watoto macho bila kuwasaidia
D. vijana wanapopuuza ushauri wa wanajamii wengine.

37. Watoto hata nao wana jukumu katika kuyaimarisha maisha yao. Methali inayoweza kutumiwa kujumuisha maneno haya ni:

A. mtoto umleavyo ndivyo akuavyo

B. ukishikwa shikamana

C. ukibebwa usilevyelevye miguu

D. mlolo akibebwa hutazama kisogo cha nina.

 

38. Warithi bora katika jamii hukuzwa kwa:

A. malezi bora na e1imu

B. kuheshimiwa na wakubwa

C. malezi ya kizamani

D. kuamimwa na jamii.

 

39. Maana ya “hawezi kutetereka” ni:

C. Hujiamini

D. Hujiheshimu.

A. hawezi kubabaika

B. hawezi kupotoka

C. hawezi kushawishika

D. hawezi kutetemeka

40. Chagua neno lenye maana sawa na hujistahi kama lilivyotumiwa katika kifungu.
A. Hujisifu

B. Hujipenda

Soma taarifa ifuatayo kisha ujibu maswali 41 mpaka 50.

Asubuhi hiyo Tundu aliamka akiwa mehovu wa mwili na roho. Ulikuwa mwanzo wa siku ambayo kwake Tundu ilifanana na zingine za awali kama shilingi kwa ya pili. Katu haingempa matumaini mapya. Usiku uliopita ulizongwa na hamaniko na mavune makubwa kutokana na shughuli za kutwa shuleni.
Kutwa hii alikuwa amepewa adhabu ya kupalilia shamba la shule baada ya kukosa kufanya zoezi la hesabu. Ingawa kufanya adhabu kulikuwa mazoea yake Tundu, hii ya leo ilikuwa ya kipekee kwani hata baada va kuikamilisha, mwalimu mkuu alimpa nyongeza; alihitajika kuyafanya mazoezi mengine mawili zaidi na kumkabidhi mwalimu kesho yake asubuhi.

Tundu alijikokota kutoka kitandani kwa maumivu. Alijua kwamba hakuwa ameikamilisha kazi aliyopewa na mwalimu mkuu. Fikira ya kumkabili mwalimu mkuu ilimtia fadhaa ya ajabu, ila alifahamu sababu ya fadhaa yake. Vituko vyake vilikuwa vimewakaba walimu koo. Alikuwa hahudhurii madarasa yake kwa desturi. Mara nyingi alitoka nyumbani alfajiri na mapema. Hata hivyo hakudiriki kufika shuleni; japo kwa kweli alikuwa akivaa sare za shule kuwasadikisha wazazi kuwa anaenda shuleni. Wazazi wake walipojuzwa na walimu kuhusu tabia hii, walipigwa na butwaa wasijue la kusema. Waliwaambia walimu kwamba kila siku Tundu alikuwa akiondoka akiwa amevaa sare kamili ya shule, na aliporejea nyumbani magharibi alifululiza chumbani kudurusu kazi yake. Laiti wangalijua kwamba Tundu alikuwa akivaa
magwanda yake ya ‘kazi’ ndani ya sare za shule na pindi tu apoteapo kwenye upeo wa macho ya wazazi, alikuwa akijitoma kwenye mashamba ya majirani kujichumia!

Baada ya kupata staftahi yake ambayo kwa kweli ilikuwa chai ya mkandaa, alivaa mavazi yake ya kawaida na kujiambia kwamba leo atamngojea mwenzakc njiani waucheze ‘mchezo’ wake wa kawaida. Alipofika kwenye njia panda alivua sare yake ya shule na kubaki na vazi la ‘kazi’. Mwanafunzi mwenzake kwa jina Karaha alijiunga naye na baada ya Tundu kumwelezea kuwa alichelea kuongezewa adhabu na mwalimu mkuu, walikata shauri kulitembelea shamba la mwalimu mkuu ambalo lilikuwa mkabala na shule yao.

Shamba hili lilikuwa limeshiba miti iliyozaa matunda ya kila aina. Tundu, mate yalimdondoka alipokuwa akiyatundulia macho matunda haya. Umaskini wa familia yake ulisahaulika machoni pa utajiri huu asioulalia wala kuuamkia. Walinyata kimya kimya katikati ya miti hii, manyezi yakimkumbatia Tundu kwa nguvu. Hii haikuwa mara yake ya kwanza kufaidi jasho la wengine, hivyo hakusita kujiuliza sababu ya uoga huo. Jambo ambalo Tundu hakutambua ni kwamba siku yake ya arubaini ilikuwa inabisha hodi.

Haukupita muda mrefu baada ya kuanza kuyatunda matunda kabla ya kusikia mrindimo wa nyayo.
KK.aCr.Pa.hEaR, EaVmISbIOayNe hakuwa mzoefu wa vitimbi vya Tundu2, 8a6litoa macho pima kwa uoga. Tundu aliendelea kufurahia kiamsha kinywa chake hadi pale alipotahamaki kuguswa begani. Alipogeuka alijikuta

41. Siku hii ilifanana na zingine za awali kwa sahabu:

A. Tundu aliamka akiwa mchovu

B. usiku uliotangulia ulikima na mambo mengi

C. usiku uliotangulia hakuepuka adhabu

D. Tundu hakutarajia kupata lolote jema.

B. alikuwa mtovu wa nidhamu

C. aliogopa kuongezewa kazi na mwalimu mkuu

D. hakuwa mwenye adabu hivyo aliogopa kuadhibiwa na mwalimu mkuu.

45. “…alivaa mavazi yake ya kawaida” ina maana

A. alivaa nguo na magwanda yake ndani

42. Maana ya neno ‘ulizongwa’ ni A ulijawa
B. uliingiwa

C. ulishikwa

D. ulivamiwa.

43. Kulingana na kifungu:

A. aliyekosa kufanya mazoezi kila mara alipata adhabu mbili
B. kuilikuwa na wanafunzi wachache mno wenye tabia kama ya Tundu
C. Tundu hakupenda kufanva kazi yake shuleni

D. adhabu aliyopewa Tundu siku hii alikuwa ameizoea.

44. Tundu alichelea kutoka kitandani kwa sababu

A. hakuwa amekamilisha kazi hivyo alimwogopa mwalimu mkuu

B. alivaa nguo na magwanda ya kawaida

C. alivaa sare na magwanda yake ndani

D. alivaa sare na nguo za nyumbani.

46. Maana y a “waucheze ‘mchezo’ wake wa kawaida” ni:
A. wavae magwanda yao ya kawaida

B. waibe katika mashamba ya majirani

C. Watoroke tena kutoka shuleni

D. Walivamie shamba la mwalimu mkuu.

 

 

 

 

 

 

47. Siku hii Tundu hakwenda shuleni kwa sababu

K.C.P.E REVISION 287

A. hakutaka kupewa adhabu nyingine na mkuu wa shule
B. hakutaka kupigiwa kelele na mwalimu

C. alitaka kulipiza kisasi kwa mkuu wa shule

D. mkuu wa shule alikuwa ameyaingilia mambo yake.

48. “Siku yakc ya arubaini ilikuwa inabisha hodi” ina maana:
A. uvivu wake ulikuwa karibu kugunduliwa

B. mkuu wa shule alikuwa karibu

C. mkuu wa shule alikuwa karibu kumpa onyo la mwisho
D. uovu wake ulikuwa karibu kugunduliwa

49. Matendo yanayoonycsha kuwajibika kwa mwalimu ni

A. kumrudisha Tundu shuleni, kumgusa begani, kumpa mashauri
B. Kumtimizia Tundu mahiiaji, kumwadhibu, kumfumania
C. kutoa adhabu, kutoa ushauri, kumrudisha Tundu shuleni
D. kumsikitikia Tundu, kumrekebisha tabia, kumwonya.

50. Kulingana na kifungu

A. Karaha ana mazoea ya wizi

B. Karaha hana msimamo

C . Karaha aliadhibiwa na mwalimu

D. Karaha alirekebisha tabia.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

 

KCPE 2010
KISWAHILI
SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA

Muda: Dakika 40

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba Yako kamili ya mtihani, Jina lako na Jina la Shule yako.

Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi uliyoachiwa.

 

 

 

 

Insha

Andika insha isiyopungua ukurasa mmoja na nusu juu ya kichwa kifuatacho:

 

Umeshinda shilingi milioni moja katika mchezo wa bahati nasibu. Eleza utakavyozitumia pesa hizo.

Soma vifungu vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nafasi umepewa majibu manne hapo. Chagua jibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

 

 

Nilikimbia kadiri 1 nikiacha 2 ya jasho kudondoka kipajini. Sikujua kilichonipeleka
3 humo. Daima babu yangu alikuwa 4 dhidi ya kucheza karibu na mabaki ya nyumba

zili1zo. bAo. mnionkgae.weza

B. nilivyoweza

C. niliweza

D. niliyoweza

5 niliyapuuza maneno yake. Sasa 6 na hatari ya kuwa kitoweo 7
mnyama 8 .

2. A. matone

3. A. kambini

4. A. amenishauri

B. michirizi

B. handakini

B. ameniambia

C. mitiririko

C. mashambani

C. amenikanya

D. mafunda

D. magofuni

D. ameniarifu

D. Ijapokuwa

 

 

 

9. A. kuwanyima

10. A. nyingi

11. A. kuliko

12. A. lilipaswa

B. kuwapendelea

B. wengi

B. kama

B. litapaswa

C. kuwanyakua

C. wowote

C. kwa

C. linapaswa

D. kuwabagua

D. zozote

D. badala

D. limepaswa

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chagua jibu lililo sahihi.
16. Chagua sentensi sahihi kisarufi.
A. Msichana amenunua rinda nyingine nyeusi.
B. Msichana amenunua rinda nyingine jeusi.

C. Msichana amenunua rinda ingine nyeusi

D. Msichana amenunua rinda lingine jeusi

17. Chagua wingi wa sentensi hii: Ua ulizungushiwa waya.
A. Maua yalizungushiwa waya.

B. Maua yalizungushiwa nyaya.
C. Nyua zilizungushiwa waya.
D. Nyua zilizungushiwa nyaya.

18. Chagua kundi lenye vielezi pekee.

A. Jabali, shujaa, mkakamavu, msomi.

B. Mweupe, mdogo, mrembo, mnene.

C. Ovyo, ghafla, kisiri, kwa gari.

D. Omba, inua, osha, funga.

19. Nomino dhahania kutokana na kivumishi ‘bora’ ni:
A. boreka

B. uboreshaji

C. kuboreka

D. boresha.

20. Chagua kiwakilishi katika sentensi hii: Wao hucheka hadi wakalia.
A. wao

B. wakalia

C. hucheka

D. hadi.

21. Buibui ni kwa utando, ni kwa mchwa.

A. kichuguu

B. kizimba

C. tundu

D. mchangani.

22. Jua kuwa mtikati ni wakati wa:

A. mchana

B. macheo

C. alasiri

D. adhuhuri.

23. Kamilisha: Matunda yamejaa sokoni

A. chepechepe

B. pomoni

C. nomi

D. tiki.

24. Chagua neno lisiloafikiana na mengine.

B. mende

C. utitiri

D. kunguni.

25. Meno hushikiliwa na nyama zinazoitwa:

A. taya

B. shavu

C. kaakaa

D. ufizi.

26. Mtoto wa umbu huitwa:

A. mpwa

B. mkoi

C. ndugu

D. binamu.

27. Chagua kihusishi katika sentensi hii.

Najua tofauti baina ya mandari na mandhari.

A. najua

B. na mandhari

C. tofauti

D. baina ya

28. Geuza katika kauli ya taarifa: Baba aliwaambia wanawe, “Viwekeni vyumba vyenu safi kila siku.”

A. Baba aliwaambia wanawe kuwa anataka waviweke vyumba vyao safi kila siku.
B. Baba aliwaambia wanawe kuwa angetaka waviweke vyumba vyao safi siku zote.
C. Baba aliwaamuru wanawe kuviweka vyumba vyao safi kila siku.
D. Baba aliwaambia wanawe kuwa yeye hutaka waviweke vyumba vyao safi kila siku.

29. Chagua sentensi iliyo katika wakati uliopo hali isiyodhihirika.
A. Mimi hupika chakula.

B. Mimi nimepika chakula.

C. Mimi ninapika chakula.

D. Mimi napika chakula.

30. Chagua sentensi iliyoakifishwa vyema.

A. Ah! Umeanguka? Pole sana.

B. Ah, Umeanguka, pole sana!

C. Ah, Umeanguka? pole sana

D. Ah! Umeanguka Pole sana.

Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali 31 — 40.

“Mgeni mheshimiwa, Daktari Busara, Mwalimu wetu Mkuu, walimu, wanafunzi wezangu, h a m j a m b o ! Kama mlivyotajiwa, mimi ni Kiranja Mkuu wa shule hii. Kwa niaba ya wanafunzi wa darasa la nane ningependa kuchukua fursa hii kuwashukuru walimu wetu kwa kutuletea mhadhiri ambaye ametupa mawaidha ya kutufaa. Bila shaka tukiyatilia maanani yote aliyoyanena yatatujenga maishani.

Mhadhiri ametukumbusha kuhusu umuhimu wa nidhamu. Ametilia mkazo matendo ya heshima na
u t i i f u . Ametuhimiza kuyachuja mema na mabaya na kuzifuata kanuni zote muhimu. maishani. Aidha
ametuhimza tutende mambo kwa wakati ufaao. Amesisitiza pia kuwa, tukifanya lolote tulitende kwa hadhari, mahali, pafaapo. Yatupasa tuepuke njia zitakazotutumbukiza gizani.

Daktari Busara ametuzungumzia kuhusu mwingiliano mbaya kati ya marafiki shuleni na hata nyumbani. Ni muhimu kuyaepuka makundi yanayoshinikiza utendaji maovu. Tuhimizane kusoma katika m ak undi na kubadilishana mawazo bora. Amesema kuwa michezo ni muhimu kwani ina faida nyingi. Miongoni mwa faida hizo ni kuijenga miili na kuchangamsha akili. Hata hivyo, amesisitiza tena kuwa, k i la jambo l i n a
kipimo. Kucheza sana bila kusoma, kutayaathiri matokeo ya mitihani.

Bwana Busara amesema kuwa, maisha ya kesho hujengwa na maisha ya leo. Ni vyema k u j i ul i za, “kweli nimejenga nini leo? Je, nimekuwa nikijipakatia mikono siku hizo zote, nikijua kuwa muda upo na hapana haja ya kujisaga sana na vitabu?” Jamani wenzangu, tuamke sote kwa pamoja kama tulivyoshauriwa, Tusome kwa bidii kama mchwa wafanyavyo kazi zao. Tusitegemee kubebwa na wazazi, ndugu na marafiki. Tukumbuke kuwa, mtegemea cha nduguye …”

Nimefurahi mhadhiri aliposema kuwa, miaka kadhaa ijayo huenda tukajikuta kuwa viongozi. Viongozi wa kesho hujengwa leo. Nikajiuliza tena, “mimi nitaweza hata kuwa mhadhiri kama yeye?” Alipoendelea kusema kuwa maisha ya uzeeni huanzia utotoni, nilijua kuwa, huo ndio uhalisia wa mambo. J i ns i tunavyosoma sasa ndivyo tutakavyojiokoa kesho. Tukiuendekeza ugoigoi hatutafua dafu abadan! T uk um b uk e tuki lima pantosha, tutavuna pankwisha. Tuamke! Tuamke kwa nia moja ya kujiimarisha maishani.

Mhadhiri ametuhimiza tuwe na malengo. Tujue tunataka nini maishani. Tuibuni mikakati
ya k u k i p a t a k i le tukitakacho. Ametuambia pia kuwa, mumu humu darasani, mtatoka madaktari, walimu, wahandisi na hata matopasi! Sasa uteuzi ni wetu. Utahisije kujikuta duni kazini, ukiwa na mwenzako
mliyesoma pamoja katika mazingira sawa, sasa ndiye mkurugenzi wako? Tusome sote tuimarike, tupite kwenda shule bora za sekondari na huko uzi uwe ule ule kama tulivyoshauriwa. Tukaze kamba hadi chuo kikuu, tutakapokutana na Daktari Busara. Inawezekana! Muda ni huu! Tutie bidii.

Mimi nimepata mwamko. Kuanzia leo sitafikiria kuwa mchuuzi kama wazazi wangu. La! hasha! Ingawa kazi ni kazi na uchuuzi huo umenipa riziki tangu utotoni, sasa nataka nisome sana hatimaye niwe mhandisi kuunda hata ndege.

Jamani, furaha iliyoje hiyo kama sote tutajikuta katika baadhi ya nyadhifa na kazi bora z i l i z o ta j w a? Tutafanyaje tupige hatua hizo? Tujifunge vibwebwe kwani mchumia juani hulia kivulini.

Namalizia kwa kuwashukuru tena kwa kunisikiliza na kuzidi kumshukuru mhadhiri wetu wa leo na walimu. Nanyi wenzangu, tumepewa motisha leo. Natumai tumeamka kutoka katika usingizi wetu wa pono. Tuahidi kukazana kama nyuki. Asanteni.”0504

C. maisha ya leo ni sawa na maisha ya kesho

31. Kwa mujibu wa aya ya pili nidhamu huhusu mambo yafuatayo Ila:
A. kuogopa mabaya yanapotujia

B. kutenda mambo mema kwa tahadhari

C. kutenda mambo yanayokubalika

D. kuwa mahali pafaapo ikihitajika.

32. Maana ya “zitakazotutumbukiza gizani” ni:

A. zitakazotuathiri

B. zitakazotupotosha

C. zitakazotukosesha hadhari

D. zitakazotukosesha mwanga.

33. Kulingana na kifungu, umuhimu wa michezo ni:

A. kuhimiza mwingiliano wa makundi

B. kuhimiza kufanya mambo kwa kipimo

C. kutuliza akili na kuimarisha miili

D. huleta tahadhari na kuimarisha matokeo.

34. Maisha ya kesho hujengwa na maisha ya leo inamaanisha
A. ukitaka kuishi vyema baadaye sharti uweke msingi sasa
B. maisha mema ya baadaye sharti yawekewe

D. ukitaka kuishi kesho lazima uishi vizuri leo.

35. Maana ya nikijipakatia mikono ni

A. kutofanya chochote

B. kutotazamia chochote

C. kubaki ukishangaa

D. kukaa ukihuzunika.

36. Kwa mujibu wa kifungu Tukilima pantosha tutavuna pankwisha ina maana
A tukilima shamba dogo hatutapata mavuno mengi
B. tukiridhika na kidogo hatutatamani vingi

C. tukitosheka na shamba dogo hatutatafuta kubwa
D. tukitia bidii kidogo tutapata mafanikio haba.

C. awali kiranja hakuwa na malengo

37. Kulingana na kifungu hiki, lengo kuu la kupata elimu ni:
A. kujipatia sifa kubwa

B. kujiimarisha na kuimarisha jamii

C. kuweza kujiteulia mambo maishani

D. kupata vyeo vikubwa na utajiri.

38. Katika aya ya sita maoni ya mhadhiri ni kwamba
A. kusomea katika mazingira sawa huwahakikishia wanafunzi nafasi sawa baadaye
B. wanafunzi waliosomea katika mazingira sawa wana hakikisho la kuwa na mitazamo sawa
C. wanafunzi waliosomea katika mazingira sawa wanatakiwa wajitofautishe kitaaluma
D. kusomea katika mazingira sawa huweza kujenga watu wa taaluma tofauti.

39. Mimi nimepata mwamko ina maana

makubwa maishani

D. awali kiranja alikuwa hajui kazi nyingine.

40. Kwa mujibu wa kifungu, kupata baadhi ya nyadhifa na kazi bora kunahitaji
A. kuwa na tumaini na motisha

B. kujitahidi kwa vyovyote vile

C. kuamka kutoka usingizini

D. kufanya kazi tangu utotoni.

A. awali kiranja alikuwa hajui umuhimu wa elimu
B. awali kiranja hakuwa ameyawekea maisha yake malengo

Soma taarifa ifuatayo kisha ujibu maswali 41 mpaka 50

Bara_la Afrika lina takriban mataifa hamsini na manne. Kila taifa limetengwa na kubainishwa kwa mipaka yake ya kitaifa iliyopangwa kwa sababu za kisiasa zinazohusisha misingi ya utawala. Kutokana na mipaka hii, mataifa mengine ni madogo kama vile Rwanda na Burundi na mengine ni makubwa kama Tanzania, Kongo na Kameruni. Ifahamike kwamba ukubwa au udogo si hoja kwa taifa ikiwa linaweza kujisimamia. Bora tu pawe na serikali inayotekeleza majukumu yake.

Kwa ajili ya tofauti za kitaifa, yamkinika ingekuwa vigumu sana kwa utawala mmoja kuweza kumiliki na kudhibiti eneo lote la Afrika mashariki na kati. Fikiria jinsi serikaii moja inavyoweza kutawala kuanzia visiwa vya Lamu kule upwa wa pwani hadi kufikia Kameruni, upande wa Afrika Magharibi.

Kuna umuhimu wa kuweka mipaka ya kitaifa. Jambo la kwanza ni kurahisisha utawala . Kwayo serikali huweza kutekeleza miradi yake kwa urahisi katika eneo lake. Hali kadhalika, watu wanaoishi katika eneo moja hujenga uhusiano wa karibu na kufahamiana vyema. Hali hii hukuza ushirikiano zaidi. Umuhimu mwingine hujitokeza kwa upande wa kujenga hisia za umoja miongoni mwa wote wanaoishi katika eneo moja. Umoja huu huwa na mvuto wa kidugu unaotia watu ari ya kutaka kujitambulisha kama raia wa sehemu moja. Bila hisia za umoja na udugu_kwa hakika haingewezekana kuwa na taifa madhubuti.

Mbali na mipaka, kuna tamaduni na mila za kiasili zinazozibainisha jamii mbalimbali.Tukiangazia upande wa vyakula itadhihirika kuwa, vile vilivyozoeleka eneo moja ni tofauti na vyakuia vya kawaida vya eneo lingine. Kwa mfano katika mataifa ya Afrika Magharibi hasa Nigeria, chakula chao mahsusi huitwa ‘foo foo’. Nchini Kenya ugali ndicho chakula cha muhimu miongoni mwa jamii nyingi. Waganda hupendelea ‘matoke’ zaidi. Mazoea yana taabu. Mtu huenda asitosheke na mapochopocho ya biriani na pilau mfululizo bila kuonja chakula chao asilia.

Mavazi pia ni mojawapo ya vitambulisho vya tamaduni za jamii mbalimbali. Mathalan Afrika Magharibi ni maarufu sana kwa mavazi yao ya aina ya vitenge vilivyotiwa nakshi na kushonwa kwa umaridadi. Nyuzi za rangi ali ali hutumiwa kuongezea urembo wa vitenge kuthibitisha kwamba ukiviona vinaelea jua vimeundwa. Mavazi haya huvaliwa na wanaume na wanawake, tofauti zikijitokeza kwenye mitindo na mishono. La ziada, wanaume hukamilisha vazi lao kwa kuvaa kofia maalum. Wanawake nao hujifunga kitambaa kichwani kila mmoja kwa ufundi wake.

Kila taifa lina lugha yake maalum ambayo hujulikana na kutumiwa na raia wake wote kama lugha unganishi. Lugha h i i teule huitwa lugha ya taifa na inatumika katika shughuli za serikali, biashara na mawasiliano ya kila siku miongoni mwa wanajamii.

Katika mataifa ya Kenya na Tanzania, Kiswahili kimetumiwa kwa miaka mingi kama lugha ya ta i fa . Kwa upande mwingine, Luganda ndiyo lugha iliyopewa kipaumbele huko Uganda japo Kiswahili hutumiwa pia. Nchini Kongo kuna baadhi ya lugha teule za taifa zikiwemo Lingala na Kingwana.

Ni kweli kuwa nchi za kiafrika zina mengi yanayofanana kama vile kuwa na historia ya kutawaliwa na wakoloni, mali ya asili kama vile machimbo ya migodi, sherehe za kitamaduni zikiwemo ndoa na posa. Hata hivyo ibainike kuwa kila jamii ina tamaduni zake mahsusi zinazoitofautisha na nyingine. Ni muhimu kujivunia tamaduni hizo kwani mwacha mila ni mtumwa.

41. Bara la Afrika lina takriban mataifa hamsini na manne inamaanisha:
A. lina karibu mataifa hamsini na manne

B. lina zaidi ya mataifa hamsini na manne

C. lina mataifa hamsini na manne

D. lina chini ya mataifa hamsini na manne.

42. Kulingana na taarifa, ubora wa taifa hupimwa kwa:
A. utamaduni wake

B. uwezo wa kujitegemea

48. Lugha unganishi:

A. ni ile inayounganisha mataifa

B. ni ile inayofahamika na kutumiwa na wote

C. ni ile inayotumiwa katika biashara

D. ni ile inayojumuisha watu wa jamii zote.

49. Kifungu kinasema kwamba Kiswahili kimetumika kama kitambulisho:
A. Tanzania na Kenya

B. Afrika Mashariki

C. Kenya na Uganda

D. Tanzania na Uganda.

 

50. Kichwa kinachofaa zaidi taarifa hii ni:
A. mwacha mila ni mtumwa

B. tofauti kati ya Africa Mashariki na Magharibi
C. vitambulisho vya jamii

D. vitambulisho vya tamaduni.

K.C.P.E

K.N.E.C.

 

SCIENCE

2003-2010

K.C.P.E SCIENCE 2003-2010

TOPICALL ANALLYSED

 

WEATHER AND ASTRONOMY

 

Weather conditions,instrument & the solar system

jar used for measuring rainfall should be
A. narrow
B. wide
C. short
D. Long Q3, 2004
2. One evening, a pupil noticed a bright heavenly body that was

not twinkling. The heavenly body was most likely

A. Saturn

B. Uranus

C. Venus

D. Neptune. Q8, 2006

3. The reason for using a biro pen cap as a pivot in the construction of an improvised wind vane is to make the arrow
A. rotate freely

B. balance on the stand

C. tail show the direction of wind

D. head heavy. Q9, 2006

4. Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the

planet Mars? It is

A. nearest to the sun

B. the brightest planet

C. nearest to the earth

D. the smallest planet. Q10, 2006
5. Planets appear bright because they

A. reflect light

B. produce light

C. all twinkle

D. are large. Q10, 2007

6. The reason why coloured water is used in the construction of a liquid thermometer is to

A. make it visible

B. make it expand faster

C. make it absorb more heat

D. increase its density Q49, 2007

7. Which one of the following is the largest planet?

A. Mercury.

B. Saturn.

C. Jupiter.

D. Earth. Q50, 2007

 

 

 

8. The presence of thick white and mountain shaped clouds are a sign of

A. heavy rain falling soon

B. low temperatures

C. fine weather

D. strong winds blowing. Q47, 2008

9. Which one of the following statements is NOT CORRECT about a windsock?
A windsock

A. is open at both ends

B. gets filled with air and rises

C. points to the direction from which wind blows

D. should be placed in the open field. Q40, 2008

10. Which one of the following shows the 4th and 7th planets
from the Sun?

A. Venus, Neptune.

B. Jupiter, Saturn.

C. Mars, Uranus.

D. Jupiter, Uranus.

11. The following are features of certain types of clouds:

(i) white in colour

(ii) appear like bundles of cotton

(iii) dark grey in colour

(iv) mountainous in shape.

 

Which pair of features are for nimbus clouds?

A. (i) and (ii).

B. (i) and (iv).

C. (ii) and (iii).

D. (iii) and (iv). Q33,2009

12. The diagram below represents a windsock constructed by pupils.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A suitable material that can be used to make the part labeled Q is

A. sheet of metal

B. manilla paper

C. polythene sheet

D. Piece of mosquito net. Q29, 2009

13. The following are activities carried out when modeling the solar system, but not in their correct order.

(i) draw circles on a manila paper to show orbits.

(ii) model the planets and the sun using clay.

(iii) put name tags on models of planets the sun.

(iv) fix model of planets to orbits and the model of the sun at the sun at the centre
(v) paste manila paper on soft board.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following is the CORRECT order in which the activities are carried out?

A. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv), (v)

B. (i), (iii), (ii), (v), (iv)

C. (ii), (iv), (iii), (i), (v)

D. (ii), (v), (i), (iv), (iii). Q15, 2009

14. The diagram below represents a windsock that was constructed by pupils.

Which one of the following is a reason why the

instrument could not work?
A. The sock is made up of a strong polythene sheet.
B. End Q is larger than end P
C. A strong wire was used to make end P.
D. A long, strong wooden pole was used to suspend the sock.
15. The chart below represents a weather record for five days.
Which one of the following statements is
TRUE about the weather chart?

Whenever it was
A. sunny in the morning, it was windy in the afternoon
B. cloudy in the morning, it was sunny in the afternoon

C. calm in the morning, it was sunny in the afternoon
D. windy in the morning, it rained in the afternoon.
Q14, 2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16. Which of the following planets are in the fifth and seventh positions from the sun respectively?

K.C.P.E REVISION 302

A. Mars and Saturn.

B. Jupiter and Uranus.

C. Jupiter and Saturn.

D. Mars and Uranus. QI7,2010

 

17. Which one of the following weather instruments DOES NOT work on the fact that matter occupies space?

A. Rain gauge

B.Air thermometer C.Windsock
D.Wind vane Q15,2003

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HUMAN BODY
Digestive system,Reproductive system Respiratory system, Adolescence,circuratory system & excretory system

1. Sweat glands in the skin of a human body are located in the
A. epidermis

B. dermis

C. pores

D. oil glands. Q1, 2006

2. Which one of the following parts of a human body produces urine?

A. Bladder.

B. Ureter.

C. Kidney.

D. Urethra. Q2,2006

 

3. Which one of the following is NOT CORRECTLY

matched with its function?

Part Function

A. Oesophagus Passage of food.

A. stomach

B. duodenum

C. small intestines

D. large intestines. Q2,2008

5. In the human body water is absorbed in the

A. large intestines

B. small intestines

C. stomach

D. rectum. Q18, 2010

 

6. The diagram below represents the reproductive system in the female human body.

B. Stomach Mixes food with enzymes.

C. Small intestine Completes digestion of food

D. Large intestine Absorbs digested food.

Q1,2007

4.Absorption of water in the alimentary canal of human beings takes place in the
K.C.P.E REVISION

 

 

 

 

305

Fertilization takes place in the part labelled

A. K

B. L

C. M

D. N Q3,2006

7. Which one of the following is NOT A CORRECT

statement about reproduction in human beings?

A. Fertilization takes place in the uterus.

B. The zygote gets implanted in the wall of the uterus.
C. The blood of the mother and foetus do not mix.

D. Menstruation stops during pregnancy.

Q2, 2007

8. The blood vessel through which deoxygenated blood flows to the heart is the

A. aorta

B. pulmonary artery

C. vena cava

D. pulmonary vein. Q3, 2007

 

9. Which one of the following changes takes place during

adolescence in boys only?

A. Fast body growth.

B. Growth of pubic hair.

C. Chest and shoulders become broader.

D. Releasing of sex cells. Q4,2007

 

10. When breathing in, the

A. diaphragm flattens

B. lungs shrink

C. diaphragm becomes dome shaped

D. volume of the chest decreases.
Q17,2008

 

11. Which one of the following is NOT an excretory organ?
A. Skin.

B. Lung.

C. Kidney.

D. Rectum. Q8, 2008

12. Which one of the following is NOT a CORRECT
statement about a foetus?

A. Receives oxygen through placenta.

B. The blood of the mother and that of the foetus mix.

C. Receives food substances from the Mother’s blood.
D. Waste products are removed through the placenta.

Q5, 2009

13. Which one of the following components of blood is involved in clotting after an injury?
A. Plasma.

B. White blood cells.

C. Red blood cells.

D. Platelets. Q1, 2009

14. Which one of the following shows the CORRECT
order of blood flow in the heart?

A. Vena cava —> pulmonary artery—>

B. pulmonary vein —> aorta.

K.C.P.E REVISION 306

B. Pulmonary artery —-> vena cava —> pulmonary vein —>aorta.

C. Pulmonary vein —> aorta —>pulmonary artery
—> vena cava.

D. Aorta —> pulmonary vein —> vena cava —> pulmonary artery. Q2,2009

 

 

15. Which of the following organs in the human body both produce sex cells?

A. Ovary and uterus.

B. Testis and penis.

C. Ovary and testis.

D. Penis and Vagina. Q22, 2010

PLANTS

Classification of plants

1. Which one of the following is a leguminous plant?

A. Cabbage.

B. Maize.

C. Groundnut.

D. Tomato. Q11,2006

2. Which one of the following plants is green and non- flowering?
A. Mould.

B. Onion.

cash crops?

A. Maize, tea, yams.

B. Arrow roots, groundnuts, cotton.

C. Bananas, Irish potatoes, sorghum.

D. Sunflower, sisal, coffee. Q47, 2009

 

5. Fertilization in plants takes place when

A. a pollen tube enters the ovule

B. reproductive cells in pollen grain and ovule fuse

C. a pollen grain falls on the stigma and germinates
D. a pollen tube enters the ovary.
Q12,2006

 

6. Which of the following groups only consists of non- flowering plants?

A. Pine, Cedar, Cypress.

B. Sugar cane, Sisal, Onion.

C. Cedar, Moss, Kale.

D. Carrot, Cassava, Cactus. Q13,206

 

7. Which of the following groups of plants have the same type of root system?

A. Tomato, Maize, Peas.

B. Bean, Black jack, Cabbage.

C. Groundnuts, Rice, Sugar cane.

D. Millet, Cassava, Carrot. Q14,2006

8. The diagram below represents a certain weed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The weed is

A. Pigweed

B. Mexican marigold

C. Blackjack

D. Oxalis. Q50,2006

9. Which one of the following plants is a cereal?

A. Millet.

B. Coffee.

C. Sunflower.

D. Peas. Q38,2007

10. Which one of the following consists of a pair of plants that CANNOT make their own food?
A. Fern and pine.

B. Toadstool and moss.

C. Puffballs and mould.

D. Cedar and yeast.
Q39,2007

11. Which one of the following groups consists of non-flowering plants only?
A. Moss, grass, pine,

B. Fern, algae, pine.

C. Moss, algae, cabbage.

D. Cabbage, grass, fern.
Q4,2008

 

12. The following are tuber crops EXCEPT:

A. onion

B. cassava

C. arrowroot

D. carrot.
Q21,2008

 

13. The diagram below shows parts of a flower.

Which one of the labelled parts is NOT CORRECTLY
matched with its function?

Part Function

A. W Receives pollen grains.

B. X Produces pollen grains.

C. Y Develops into a seed after fertilization.

D. Z Protects inner parts of a flower.

Q6, 2008

 

 

14. Which one of the following parts of a maize grain is

CORRECTLY matched with its function?

Part Function
A. Cotyledon Protects inner parts.
B Plumule Develops into roots.
C. Endosperm Stores food.
D. Radicle Develops into shoot. Q7,
2008

 

15. The embryo of a seed is made up of

A. plumule and testa

B. cotyledon and plumule

C. radicle and plumule

D. cotyledon and radicle. Q11, 2009

 

16. Which one of the following consists of only characteristics of insect pollinated flowers?

A. Sweet scented, large number of pollen grains.

B. Brightly coloured petals, sticky pollen grains.

C. Light pollen grains, sweet scented.

D. Brightly coloured petals, light pollen grains

Q25, 2008

 

17. The MAIN reason why black jack weed should be uprooted from a vegetable farm when they are still young is

A. because it is easy to uproot the weed

B. to avoid loss of soil nutrients

C. to reduce loss of water

D. to control the spread of the weed. Q44, 2009

18. Which one of the following is a storage pest?

A. Weaverbird.

B. White ant.

C. Cutworm.

D. Aphid. Q9, 2009

19. Which one of the following pests attack seedlings?

A. Stalk borers.

B. Aphids.

C. Cut worms.

D. Weaver birds. Q1,2010

20. Which one of the following statements about a bean seed is NOT CORRECT?

A. The radicle develops into a shoot and plumule into a root.
B. The micropyle allows air and water to enter seed.

C. The hilum is a scar where the seed was attached to
the fruit wall.

D. The radicle emerges from the seed before

the plumule during germination. Q4, 2010

21. The following are some characteristics of flowers:
(i) small in size

(ii) scented

(iii) long feathery stigma

(iv) produce fewer and large sticky pollen grains.

 

Which one of the following pairs of characteristics is for a wind pollinated flower?
A. (i) and (iv).

B. (ii) and (iv).

C. (ii) and (iii).

D. (i) and (iii). Q5,2010

 

22. Which one of the following is a CORRECT Food

chain?

A. Grass —> Rabbit —> Eagle —> leopard

B. Maize —> Grasshopper —> Lizard —> Snake

C. Grass —> Grasshopper —> Eagle —> Rabbit

D. Kales —> Aphids —> Weaverbird —> Rabbit

Q19 2009

23. Which one of the following is an adaptation of plants in wet areas?
A. Freshy leaves.

B. Fewer leaves.
C. Thick barks.
D. Broad leaves. Q8, 2010

24. The diagrams below represent a set up used by pupils to investigate conditions necessary for seed germination.

 

 

 

 

 

Germination occurred in

 

A. Q, S and T

B. P and Q

C. R and T

D. R and S. Q7 , 2010

 

25. The following are functions of stems

i) support the shoot (ii)storage of food
(iii)transport water to the leaves (iv)manufacture food for the plant

Which function is performed by all stems?

A.(i) and (iii)

B.(iii) and (iv)

C.(i) and (ii)

D.(ii) and (iv) Q45,2003

D. Cockroach. Q17, 2006

 

4.Which one of the following is a filter feeder?

 

ANIMALS

Classification of animals
1. Standard five pupils observed and grouped some small animals. Which one of the following animals were CORECTLY grouped?
A. Ant, tick, spider.

B. Beetle, moth, ant.

C. Spider, weevil, beetle.

D. Tick, moth, weevil. Q3, 2008

 

2. Which one of the following animals belongs to the same group as a weevil?
A. Crab.

B. Mite.

C. Spider.

D. Termite. Q39,
2008

 

3. Which one of the following animals has the same number of legs as the tick?

A. Weevil.

B. Crab.

C. Scorpion.

A. Kingfisher.

B. Hawk.

C. Duck.

D. Sunbird. Q18, 2006

 

5. Which one of the following is TRUE for both chickens and frogs? Both

A. have a constant body temperature

B. have scales

C. breath by lungs

D. feed on insects only. Q20, 2007

6. Birds which feed on nectar have

A. short pointed beaks

B. strong curved beaks

C. long slender pointed beaks

D. long slender curved beaks. Q22, 2007

 

7. The following arc some characteristics of certain animals:
Which one of the following pairs of animals has
ALL the characteristics listed?

A. Turtle and shark.

B. Lizard and tortoise.

C. Tilapia and frog.

D. Crocodile and platypus. Q12, 2009

 

8. Which one of the following pairs consists of only animals that have webbed feet?

A. Turkey and crocodile.

B. Kingfisher and flamingo.

C. Hippopotamus and toad.

D. Frog and duck. Q42, 2009

 

 

 

 

9. The table below shows characteristics of some invertebrates

 

Name Number of body parts Number of legs
Weevil 3 X
Y 2 8
Wasp Z 6

X Y and Z represent

X Y Z

A.8 cockroach 3

B.6 spider 2
C.6 tick 3

D.8 crab 2 Q10,2003

 

Feeding in animals

9. The toothless gap in the lower jaw of herbivores is for

A. turning plant material in the mouth for proper chewing
B. holding food material

C. allowing space for more food

D. preventing the animals from biting their tongues.

Q16, 2006

pupil gave the following reasons as to why dairy cattle are given commercial feeds.
(i) To increase milk production.

(ii) Given only to cattle under zero grazing.

(iii) To supplement other feeds.

(iv) Only when fodder crops and pasture are not available.
Which two reasons are CORRECT?

A. (i) and (iii).

B. (ii) and (iv).

C. (i) and (iv).

D. (ii) and (iii). Q11, 2007

 

11. Which one of the following is NOT a rotational

B. Paddocking

method of grazing?

A. Paddocking.

B. Herding.

C. Tethering.

D. Strip. Q21, 2007

 

12. Which one of the following is NOT an essential constituent of commercial animal feeds?
A. Water.

B. Vitamins.

C. Proteins.

D. Carbohydrates. Q31, 2008

 

13. Which one of the following is the main constituent of a balanced diet obtained by animals when they feed on lucern?
A. Carbohydrates.

B. Protein.

C. Vitamins.

D. Minerals. Q13, 2009

C. Tethering

D. Herding Q14,2009

 

15. Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE
about commercial feeds for animals?

A. They are given mainly for protection against diseases.

B. Some are given as the only feed.

C. They are given mainly to increase production.
D. Some are given together with other feed.

Q34, 2010

16. Which one of the following animal feeds provide a diet of proteins and carbohydrates?
A. Clover and lucerne.

B. Sunflower seeds and barley grains

C. Sunflower seeds and maize grains.

D. Lucerne and maize grain. Q37, 2010

 

Livestock Diseases and parasites

 

17. Which one of the following parasites destroys wool in sheep?

18. Which one of the following is NOT an immediate sign of ill health in livestock?

A. Coughing.

B. Blood in stool.

C. Rough coat.

D. Loss of weight. Q19, 2006

 

19. Which one of the following pairs of parasites can be controlled by spraying?
A. Ticks and fleas.

B. Liver flukes and tsetse flies.

C. Fleas and liver flukes.

D. Ticks and tapeworms. Q40, 2007

 

20. Which one of the following pairs of parasites attacks both poultry and rabbits?

A. Mites and lice.

B. Lice and ticks.

C. Mites and fleas.

D. Ticks and mites. Q3, 2010

 

21. Tapeworms in livestock arc found in the

A. large intestines

B. stomach

C. lungs

D. small intestines. Q23, 2010

Adaptation in animals

22. Which one of the following descriptions of beaks would be for a bird that most likely feeds on nectar?
A. Short and curved.

B. Long and curved.

C. Short, and strong.

D. Long and straight. Q38, 2008

 

23. Which one of the following pairs of birds have their beaks adapted to the same type of feeding?

A. Chicken and duck.

B. Sunbird and chicken.

C. Eagle and hawk.

D. Hawk and duck. Q31, 2010

 

24. During the growth of a tadpole, the following parts develop in stages

(i) Hind limbs

(ii) Lungs

(iii) Front limbs

iv) External gills

(v) Tail

The correct order in which the stages occur is A (iv)(i)(ii)(iii)
B (iii) (i)(ii)(iv)(v)

C (v) (iv)(ii)(i)(iii)

D (ii) (iii)(iv)(i)(v) Q35,2003

HEALTH EDUCATION

Medicine & chemicals at home

 

1. Which one of the following groups consists of only diseases that are immunisable?

A. Whooping Cough, Tuberculosis, Tetanus.

B. Measles, Malaria, Diphtheria.

C. Dysentary, Hepatitis B, Poliomyelitis.

D. Bilharzia, Yellow Fever, Cholera. Q5, 2006

 

2. Which one of the following is NOT a communicable disease?
A. Whooping cough.

B. Tetanus,

C. Tuberculosis.

D. Measles. Q6, 2007

 

3. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT

according to immunization schedule of infants?

A. The first dose of polio is given at 6 weeks.

B. DPT vaccine is given at birth and at 10 weeks.
C. DPT and measles vaccines are given at 14 weeks.
D. Polio and BCG vaccines are given at birth.

Q9, 2007

4. Which one of the following is NOT important to consider when taking medicine?

A. The dose.

B. The date of manufacture.

C. Duration to complete dose.

D. How to store the medicine.
Q44,2004

 

5. Which one of the following is NOT a reason why drugs should be stored in their properly labelled

container? To avoid

A. contamination

B. getting expired

C. getting spoiled

D. wrong usage. Q46,
2005

 

6. Which one of the following pairs of drugs consists of a
stimulant and a depressant?

A. Khat and tobacco

B. Cocaine and alcohol

C. Cobbler’s glue and heroin

D. Bhang and caffeine Q47, 2003

7. Which one of the following substances is prohibited in Kenya when used as a drug?
A. Beer B Khat

C. Tobacco

D. Cobbler’s glue Q48, 2003

8. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about bhang and Khat? Both
A. Are addictive drugs

B. Are from plant material

C. Are prohibited drugs

D. Affect the nervous system Q51, 2003

9. Which one of the following drugs causes drowsiness when abused?
A. Cocaine.

B. Heroine.

C. Tobacco.

D. Khat. Q20, 2004

10. Which one of the following lists consists of only drugs of abuse that are prohibited in Kenya?
A. Khat, tobacco, cocaine.

B. Cocaine, heroin, mandrax.

C. Bhang, beer, tobacco.

D. Cobblers’ glue, khat, beer. Q37, 2005

11. Which of the following information is usually given when obtaining medicine from a pharmacy?

A. Expiry date.

B. Disposal method of containers.

C. The dose.

D. How to store the medicine. Q20, 2008

12. If medicine remains after taking the prescribed dose, it is advisable to

A. keep and use it later

B. dispose of the medicine

C. continue taking until it is finished

D. give it to someone with the same sickness

Q42, 2010

13. The following are effects of drug abuse:

(i) Rape.

(ii) Addiction.

(iii) Lack of concentration.

(iv) Truancy.

(v) Impaired judgement.

 

Which of them are all health effects?

A. (i) (ii) (iii).

B. (ii) (iii) (iv).

C. (i) (iv) (v).

D. (ii) (iii) (v). Q7, 2006

 

14 Which one of the following effects of drug abuse consists of only social effects?

A. Theft and lack of concentration.

B. Drug induced accidents and truancy.

C. Rape and withdrawal symptoms.

D. Drug addiction and loss of consciousness.

46 ,2008

15. Which one of the following pairs consists only of social effects of drug abuse?
A. Rape and truancy.

B. Lack of concentration and addiction.

C. Accidents and withdrawal.

D. Impaired judgment and loss of consciousness.

Q3, 2008

16. Which one of the following pairs of diseases are infants immunised against at the 9th month after birth?
A. Tuberculosis and polio.
B. Tetanus and whooping cough.
C. Hepatitis B and diphtheria.
D. Measles and yellow fever.
Q13,2010

HIV AND AIDS

 

17. The following are stages of HIV infection:

(i) Window stage.

(ii) Symptoms.

(iii) Fullblown.

(iv) Incubation.

Which one of the following is the CORRECT order of the stages?

A. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv).

B. (iv) (ii) (iii) (i).

C. (i) (iv) (ii) (iii).

D. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii). Q6 ,2006

 

19. Which one of the following statements is TRUE
about HIV and AIDS?

A. All HIV positive people have AIDS.

B. During the window stage a person may test negative.
C. It can be transmitted by sharing utensils.

D. It is not spread during the asymptomatic phase.

Q5, 2007

 

20. Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE
about HIV/AIDS? HIV /AIDS may be spread by

A. sharing of unsterilised razor blades

B. coming in contact with other people’s body fluids
C. shaking hands and hugging infected persons

D. transfusing unscreened blood.

Q16, 2010

 

21. Which one of the following statements is TRUE
about the incubation stage of HIV infection?

A. If HIV test is carried out, the result is negative.

B. This is the first stage of infection.

C. There are no visible signs.

D. The body cannot fight diseases. Q4, 2009
22. Which one of the following statements about HIV

and AIDS is TRUE?

A. People living with HIV and AIDS are thin.

B. HIV and AIDS is a curse

C. Premarital sex is the only mode of transmission of HIV and AIDS.
D. People living with HIV and AIDS are advised to eat small amount of food at a time.
Q30, 2008

 

23. Which one of the following pairs of infections consists only of those that are sexually transmitted?

A. Chancroid and HIV.

B. Gonorrhoea and Bilharzia.

C. Syphilis and Typhoid.

D. Gonorrhoea and Tuberculosis. Q6,2009

1. Which one of the following components is found in all environments?
A. Plants.

B. Soil.

C. Air.

D. Water. Q43,2007

Water,air and soil pollution

 

 

ENVIRONMENT

Meaning of environment

1. Which one of the following BEST describes the term environment?

A. The surrounding of a living organism.

B. Where a living organism obtains food from.

C. Where a human being lives.

D. The home of a living organism.
Q50,2008

 

Components of environments

1. Which one of the following DOES NOT pollute the air?

A. Exhaust gases from aeroplanes.

B. Smoke from burning charcoal.

C. Smoke from burning domestic wastes.

D. Gases from decaying animals. Q39, 2006

2. Which one of the following sources of electricity pollutes the environment?

A. Geothermal.

B. Wind-driven generators.

C. Hydro-electric generators.

D. Petrol-driven generators.
Q41,2007

 

3. The chart below represents a simple characteristics of pollutants.
Pollutants

 

 

Fertilizers X
Soil pollutants

River water

Sewage Y

come into contact with

A. oil spills

B. herbicides

C. industrial gases

D. dust. Q43,2009

6. Which one of the following is the BEST method of managing Plastic wastes?

A. Burning

B. Burrying

C. Recycling

 

The pollutants represented by X and Y are

X Y

A. Factory waste Acid rain.

B. Herbicides Oil spillage.

C. Oil spillage Acid rain.

D. Herbicides Factory waste.
Q27,2008

 

 

4. Which one of the following is a way of controlling water pollution?

A. Recycling sewage water.

B. Reusing domestic water for irrigation.

C. Storing water in dams.

D. Using water sparingly.
Q31,2009

 

5. Corrugated iron sheets can be damaged when they

D. Reusing Q23,2009

 

7. Which one of the following pairs of components of the environment do all animals depend on directly?

A. Soil and plants.

B. Air and water.

C. Soil and air.

D. Mineral salts and water.

8. Which one of the following practices pollute soil, air and water?

A. Use of all farm chemicals.

B. Burning of tyres and plastics.

C. Dumping of industrial waste.

D. Use of artificial fertilisers.

 

9. The MAIN reason why it is advisable to spray crops in the direction of the wind is to avoid

A. the chemicals getting into contact with the skin

B. wastage of chemicals

C. polluting the air

D. inhaling the chemicals. Q40, 2006

 

 

 

Environment conversation

1. Which on of the following materials can be recycled?

A.Ash B.Cow dung
C.Coffee husks

D.Scrap metals Q13,2003

1. Which one of the fo0llowing will NOT change when loam soil is added to sandy soil?

A. Texture B.Capillarity C.Colour
D.Fertility Q29,2003

2. Which one of the following NEED NOT be the
same when investigating drainage in different types of soil?

A. Amount of soil in the funnels.

B. Size of funnels.

C. Size of bottles collecting the draining water.

D. Amount of water added to the funnels.
Q22, 2006

 

3. The texture of a soil type depends on the
A. amount of water in the soil

B. organic matter in the soil

C. amount of mineral particles in the soil

D. size of soil particles. Q24, 2007

 

4. Standard five pupils added equal amounts of water to three equal amounts of soil samples J, K and L in funnels as shown in the diagrams below.

 

2009

 

 

 

 

After 10 minutes the pupils measured the amount
of

water that had drained through each soil sample.

 

 

Soil sample

J

K

L
Amount of water

collected (cm3) 28 19 33

Which one of the following statements is a

CORRECT conclusion from the results obtained?

A. J has larger particles than L.

B. K has larger particles than L.

C. K has larger particles than J and L.

D. L has larger particles than J and K. Q15, 2008

 

5. Pupils felt a sample of soil with their fingers. This activity was done to investigate

A. soil texture

B. presence of water in the soil

C. soil capillarity

D. presence of small animals in the soil. Q39,

D.low capillarity Q16,2003

6. Pupils investigated capillarity in different type of soil. Their results were as shown in the diagram below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

From the results the soil samples X, Y and Z are most likely to be
X Y Z

A. Clay Loam Sand

B. Sand Clay Loam

C. Clay Sand Loam

D. Sand Loam Clay Q20, 2010

 

7. The soil that can be used to make long ribbons has A.Cracks when dry
B.large air spaces

C.rough texture

8. Which one of the following properties of clay soil would greatly contribute to flooding in an area?
A. High capillarity.
B. Poor drainage.
C. Fine texture.
D. Stickiness. Q10, 2004

9. The main reason why sandy soil is mixed with cement in building is because it
A. drains well
B. has large air spaces
C. has large particles
D. mixes easily with cement Q11,2004

10. The table below shows observations made when four soil samples P, Q, R and S were mixed with water and then rolled out to make ribbons.

Soil sample Characteristic

P Held its shape.

Q Cracked.

R Could not be rolled.

S Could not hold its shape.

 

Which one of the samples has the lowest capillarity?

A. P.

B. Q.

C. R.

D. S. Q19,2004

B. Water.

C. Organic matter.

D. Mineral salts. Q41,2005

 

 

Components of soil

 

1.The component of soil that improves its water

 

11. Which one of the following characteristics of sandy soil DOES NOT explain why water drains through it easily?
A. Rough texture.

B. Large particles.

C. Large air spaces.

D. Shiny particles. Q32,2005

 

12. Which one of the following NEED NOT be the same when comparing capillarity in different types of soil?

A. Diameter of the tubes.

B. Amount of each type of soil.

C. Time allowed for the experiment.

D. Amount of water used. Q31,2005

 

13. Which one of the following soil components is
LEAST affected when soil in a container is heated?

A. Air.

holding capacity is

A. mineral salts

B. air

C. organic matter

D. living organisms Q49 2008

 

2. In an experiment to investigate a certain component of soil, water was added to garden soil in a glass container. The component of soil investigated was

A. air

B. mineral particles

C. living organisms

D. organic matter. Q21, 2010

 

 

Soil erosion

1. The following are effects of soil erosion:
(i) Small holes in the ground.

(ii) Top layer of soil missing.

(iii) Small and shallow channels in the ground.

(iv) V-shaped trenches in the ground.

 

Which effects are as a result of splash and rill types of erosion?
A. (i) and (iv).

B. (i) and (iii).

C. (ii) and (iii).

D. (ii) and (iv). Q23, 2006

farmer noticed small and shallow channels forming in the soil in the garden due to running water. This type of soil erosion is called

A. splash

B. rill

C. sheet

D. gulley. Q37 ,2007

3. Which one of the following LEAST conserves soil?
A. Mulching.

B. Planting cover crops.

C. Contour ploughing.

D. Terracing. Q18, 2008

 

4. Which one of the following activities can be used to demonstrate rill erosion? Pouring water
A. at different positions of a slanting soil surface

B. in channels of soil on a slanting surface

C. on a flat surface of soil

D. on a flat surface using a tin with any holes.

Q35, 2009

5. Which one of the following practices is an advantage to the soil?

A. Ploughing across the contours.

B. Disposal of vegetable refuse.

C. Burning of crop remains.

D. Use of herbicides. Q25, 2009

 

Soil Fertility

1. Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE
about manures? They

A. improve the ability of the soil to hold water

B. bind soil particles

C. release nutrients very fast to the soil

D. improve air circulation in the soil. Q34, 2008

2. Which one of the following ways of improving soil fertility will take the longest time for plants to get nutrients?

When using

A. compost manure

B. compound fertilizer

C. farm yard manure

D. green manure. Q38,
2009

3. The diagram below represents an arrangement materials in a compost manure heap.

In the diagram the layer of ash is represented by

A. K

3.Draining of stagnant water can prevent the spread of

B. L
C. M A. cholera and typhoid

B. bilharzia and malaria
D. N Q9,2010 C. typhoid and malaria
D. cholera and bilharzia. Q36,2008

 

 

WATER

Water borne diseases

1. Which one of the following practices will help to prevent the spread of cholera?
A. Spraying chemicals in stagnant water.

B. Wearing protective shoes when passing through water.

C. Drinking filtered water.

D. Covering pit latrines after use.
Q21,2006

 

2. Wearing protective clothing while walking in stagnant water can prevent one from contracting

A. bilharzia

B. typhoid

C. typhoid and cholera

D. bilharzia and cholera. Q8,2007

4. which one of the following diseases can be prevented by wearing gumboots and gloves?

A. Typhoid.

B. Malaria.

C. Bilharzias.

D. Cholera. Q24,2009

 

5. Presence of blood in urine and faeces in human beings may be a sign of
A. typhoid

B. bilharzia

C. malaria

D. cholera. Q30,2010

 

6. Which one of the following diseases CANNOT be prevented by maintaining proper hygiene?

A. Typhoid.

B. Biharzia.

C. Cholera.

D. Malaria. Q44,2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Water pollution

1. Which one of the following. is likely to cause an increased growth of water plants in a nearby river? The presence of a
A. market centre

B. factory

C. garage

D. tea farm. Q32,2008

 

Water conservation

1. Which one of the following statements about water is
TRUE?

A. Water mixes with all liquids

B. Water has definite size

C. Water has definite shape

D. Water is a good conductor of heat. Q27, 2005

2. Which one of the following is a method of softening hard water?

A. Filtering.

B. Boiling.

C. Decanting.

D. Sieving. Q20,2006

1. In which one of the following practices is water re-used?
A. Using dirty water from the kitchen for watering plants.
B. Collecting rainwater from the roof for domestic uses.
C. Getting clean water from dirty water by boiling and cooling the steam.
D. Storing water in dams to be used in irrigation. Q23,2007

 

Hard and soft water

4.Which one of the following foods is CORRECTLY
matched to its group?

 

 

FOOD AND NUTRITION
Types of foods

child suffering from kwashiorkor should be given a diet rich in
A. carbohydrates

B. fats

C. vitamins

D. proteins. Q7,2007

 

2. The function of fibre in the human diet is to

A. provide the body with nutrients

B. transport digested food

C. prevent constipation

D. help in digestion of food Q35,2007

 

3. Which one of the following is a function of fibre in the diet?

A. Helps in getting rid of undigested food.

B. Helps in absorption of digested food.

C. Adds nutrients to the body.

D. Helps in digestion of food. Q35,2008

Food Food group

A. Groundnuts Energy giving.

B. Eggs Protective.

C. Carrots Energy giving.

D. Bananas Body building.
Q36,2010

 

 

Balanced diet

. 1.The following signs and symptoms were observed in a certain child:
(i) Thin and weak.

(ii) Wrinkled face.

(iii) Pot bellied.

(iv) Hungry and crying a lot.

 

The child was most likely suffering from

A. anaemia

B. rickets

C. kwashiorkor

D. marasmus. Q41,2006

2. Which one of the following groups consists only of foodstuffs that protect the body against diseases?

A. Lemon, cabbage, carrot.

B. Beans, groundnuts, fish.

C. Maize, potatoes, rice.

D. Meat, orange, spinach. Q42,2006

3. The most likely reason why some expectant mothers crave for soil is to

A. increase breast milk production after delivery

B. increase appetite

C. help in digestion of food

D. provide sufficient mineral nutrients
Q44,2006

4. Which one of the following groups consists of only foodstuffs that are used for body building and
repair?

A. Rice, oranges, meat.

B. Wheat, fish, maize.

C. Beans, potatoes, groundnuts.

D. Eggs, peas, milk. Q34,2007

 

child with thin and brown hair, swollen hands, feel and face is also likely to
A. have knock knees

B. appear weak and inactive

C. have a face like an old person

D. have faster heart beats.
Q33,2008

 

6. Which one of the following groups of foodstuffs constitutes a balanced diet?
A. Potatoes, beans, eggs

B. Chicken, cabbage, beans

C. Rice, chapatti, beef

D. Peas, ugali, spinach Q28,2009

 

 

Methods of preserving food

1. The purpose of salt in food preservation is to

A. remove water

B. add flavour

C. remove air

D. lower the temperature.
Q43,2006

2. The following are some methods of preserving foods:

(i) smoking

(ii) drying

(iii) freezing

(iv) salting

(v) canning

 

Which methods are traditional?

A. (ii), (iv) and (v).

B. (ii), (iii) and (v).

C. (i), (iii) and (iv).

D. (i), (ii) and (iv). Q13,2007

3. Which one of the following is a modern method of preserving food?

A. Canning.

B. Salting.

C. Smoking.

D. Drying. Q45,2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Which one of the following methods of preserving food is both modern and traditional

A. Salting.

B. Using honey.

C. Smoking.

D. Drying. Q32,2010

 

 

Food for special groups of people in the society

C. to increase milk production

D. to replace blood lost during birth.
Q48,2008

 

2. The MAIN reason why a baby needs to be breast fed by the mother is that the milk produced

A. helps to build the baby’s immunity

B. helps the baby to grow fast

C. hclps the baby’s bones to be strong

D. is easily digested. Q32,2009

 

3. Which one of the following deficiency diseases is caused by lack of calcium in the diet?

A. Anaemia.

B. Kwashiorkor.

C. Rickets.

D. Marasmus. Q33,2010

lactating mother needs foods rich in iron

A. to protect the baby against diseases

B. for the formation of strong bones in the baby

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Characteristics of matter

plastic cup was inverted over in a basin as shown in the diagram below. It was observed that the water did not enter the cup

 

Which one of the following could be done to make water enter the cup?

A. Pushing the cup to the bottom

B. Adding more water to the basin

C. Reducing the size of the cup by cutting

D. Making a hole at the bottom of the cup
Q36,2003

2. A change in the force of gravity on an object will change its

A. mass

B. weight

C. volume

D. Density Q7,2004

3. Which one of the following is NOT definite for liquids?
A. Shape.

B. Volume.
C. Mass.
D. Density. Q13, 2004

4.. Which one of the following is NOT required when finding the density of a regular solid?

A. Spring balance.

B. Ruler.

C. Overflow can.

D. String.
Q26,2005

5. Which one of the following statements about water is
TRUE?

A. Water mixes with all liquids

B. Water has definite size

C. Water has definite shape

D. Water is a good conductor of heat.
Q27,2005

 

6. Which of the following processes involve loss of heat to the surroundings?
A. Melting and freezing.

B. Evaporation and condensation.

C. Freezing and condensation.

D. Melting and evaporation.
Q38,2005

 

7. The mass of1cm3 of a substance is its

A. Volume

B. Density

C. Weight

D. surface area Q11, 2003

 

8. The diagram below represents a setup that can be used to demonstrate a certain property of metals.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which property of metals was being demonstrated?

A. Metals expand when heated.

B. Metals bend when heated.

C. Solids conduct heat.

D. Hot metals are pulled down by weight.
Q25,2006

 

pupil investigating a certain aspect of pressure in a liquid used a setup shown in the diagram below.

 

 

 

 

 

What conclusion could the pupil make from the investigation?
A. Air exerts pressure on the surface of a liquid.

B. Pressure in a liquid increases with depth.

C. Pressure in a liquid is equal at the same depth.

D. Pressure in a liquid is exerted on the sides only.

Q26,2006

7. The temperature at which a substance freezes is the same temperature at which the substance
A. condenses

B. evaporates

C. boils

D. melts. Q27,2006

8. Which one of the following consists only of substances that have no definite shape but have definite volume?
A. Stone, kerosene, carbon dioxide.

B. Oil, toothpaste, glue.

C. Clay, flour, cement.

D. Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour.
Q28,2006

 

9. The diagram below represents a setup that can be used to

 

For the demonstration to work a burning candle must be placed at
A. P

B. Q

C. R

D. S Q29,2006

 

10. The diagram below shows a set up that was used to demonstrate a certain property of matter.

 

 

 

d

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The coloured water rises up the straw because

A. liquids expand when heated

B. liquids occupy space

C. air occupies space

D. air expands when heated. Q27,2007

 

11. Which of the following materials will NOT be required in an experiment to show that pressure in a liquid increases with depth?

A. Tin can.

B. Water.

C. Nail.

D. Collecting jar. Q29,2007

 

12.. The diagram below shows a set-up that was used to

investigate a certain property of air.

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following would NOT

observed if the tin can was heated gently?

A. Bubbles in the basin.

B. Drop of ink moving towards water in the basin.

C. Water level in the basin decreasing when

heating is stopped.

D. Water level in the glass tube decreasing when heating is stopped. Q11,2008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13. The diagram below represents a set-up that can be used to demonstrate a certain aspect of heat.

 

A. solids melt when heated

B. metals expand when heated

C. solids conduct heat

D. metals bend when heated. Q8,2009

 

14. The diagram below represents a set-up that was used to demonstrate a certain property of matter.

 

 

 

 

The property demonstrated was

A. Air occupies space.

B. Water exerts pressure.

C. Air has mass.

D. Water occupies space. Q21,2009

 

15. The diagram below represents a set-up that can be used to demonstrate certain processes involved in change of state of matter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The process that takes place at point labelled Q is

A. boiling

B. condensation

C. Evaporation

D. freezing. Q34,2009

 

16. Which one of the following pairs consists only of substances that are in the same state of matter?

A. Oil and water vapour.

B. Wax and glue.

C. Ice and water.

D. Air and water vapour.
Q19,2010

 

17. The diagram below represents a set up that is used to demonstrate a certain process.

The process investigated is

A. evaporation

B. freezing

C. condensation

D. convection.
Q27,2010

Floating and sinking

1. Which one of the following DOES NOT affect floating and sinking of an object?
A. Size.

B. Shape.

C. Density.

D. Weight. Q40,2005

 

2.A sufuria made up of steel weighing 1000 g floats on

water while a nail made of iron weighing 50 g sinks. This is because of difference in

A. type of material

B. shape

C. volume

D. mass. Q28,2007

 

3. Which one of the following factors will NOT affect sinking and floating of a material in water? The
A. mass of the material

B. type of the material

C. shape of the material

D. size of the material.
Q12,2008

 

4. Which one of the following activities will make an aluminium foil that was floating on water sink?

A. Increasing amount of water.

B. Rolling the aluminium foil into a tube.

C. Making holes on the aluminium foil.

D. Crushing the aluminium foil into a ball.
Q37,2009

5. Which one of the following pairs consists only
of materials that would not sink in water even when their shape is changed?
A. Wax and wood.
B. Wood and aluminium.
C. Aluminium andglass.
D. Glass and wax. Q11,2010

Composition of air
1.. The diagram below represents a set up that can be used to demonstrate a certain property of air.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which property of air is demonstrated by the set up?

A. Air exerts pressure in all directions.

B. Air occupies space.

C. Part of air is used in burning.

D. Air expands when heated. Q12, 2005

 

glass containing ice cubes was placed in the open. After some time the outer surface of the glass

became wet. This shows that

A. air contains water vapor

B. ice melts to form water

C. air is a mixture of gases

D. air can be cooled. Q25, 22005

 

3. The component of air used in making plant food is A. 0.03%
B. 0.97%

C. 21%

D. 78%. Q36, 2005

4. The percentage of the component of air that is fixed by bacteria in root nodules to make nutrients for the plant is

A. 0.03%

B. 0.97%

C. 21%

D. 78%. Q30,2006

 

5. The component that makes up 0.97% of air is used in

A. rusting

B. preservation of soft drinks

C. electric bulbs

D. making proteins. Q25,2007

 

6. Which one of the following are the percentages of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the air?
A. 1% and 21%.

B. 0.03% and 78%.

C. 21% and 78%.

D. 0.03% and 1%. Q9,2008

 

7. In which one of the following processes is oxygen

NOT used?

A. Making plant food.

B. Burning

C. Breathing.

D. Germination of seed Q29,2008

8. The following are some uses of components of air:

(i) manufacture of electric bulbs

(ii) supporting burning

(iii) manufacture of soft drinks

(iv) germination of seeds

(v) putting out fires

Which one of the uses are for carbon dioxide?

A. (i) and (ii)

B. (ii) and (iv)

C. (iii) and (v)

D. (iii) and (iv) Q16,209

 

9. Which one of the following components of air is
NOT CORRECTLY matched with its use’?
Component of air Use of air
A. Nitrogen Used by plants to make
proteins.
B. Carbon dioxide Manufacture of soft drinks.
C. Oxygen Manufacture of plant food.
D. Inert gases In electric bulbs.
Q12,2010

 

Making mixtures

1. When lime water was mixed with juice obtained from hibiscus flower, it changed colour. Which of the following substances WOULD NOT make hibiscus flower juice change to the same colour?

A,Wet wood ash

B. Sour milk

C. Baking powder

D. Chalk dust Q40,2003

 

2. Which of the following liquids mix?

A. Kerosene and water.

B. Water and milk.

C. Milk and kerosene.

D. Cooking oil and milk. Q24,2006

 

Magnetism

3. Which one of the following pairs consists only of materials that are non-magnetic?

A. Copper and aluminium.

B. Steel and zinc.

C. Silver and steel.

D. Iron and aluminium. Q36,2009

 

4. Which one of the following groups consists of materials that are ALL magnetic?
A. Staple pins, scissors, metallic bottle top.

B. Silver coin, knife, marble balls.

C. Ball bearing, copper coin, razor blade.

D. Hack-saw, steel wool, aluminium plate.
Q40,2010

 

1. Which one of the following consists of only materials

that are ALL non-magnetic?

A. Aluminium foil, a shilling coin.

B. Iron nails, staple pins.

C. Metal scissors, steel wool.

D Piece of glass, sewing needle. Q48,2007

 

2. Which one of the following consists of magnetic materials only?
A. Tin, aluminium, copper.

B. Iron, steel, cobalt.

C. Tin, iron, copper.

D. Aluminium, steel, cobalt. Q16,2008

Separation of mixitures

1. Sifting, picking and sieving are some methods of separating mixtures. Which one of the following mixtures can be separated by all the three methods?

A. Maize and beans.

B. Sand and rice.

C. Maize flour and small pieces of iron.

D. Sugar and tiny pieces of glass. Q45, 2005

 

2. Which one of the following materials is magnetic?

A. Aluminium plate.

B. Steel razor blade.

C. Silver coin.

D. Copper ring. Q47, 2005

3. In which one of the following methods of separation would be recovered from a mixture of two subtances?

A.Evaporation B.Filtration C.Decanting
D.Distillation Q12, 2003

 

 

4. Which one of the following is the last step when separating a mixture of sand and salt?
A. Dissolving.

B. Filtering

C. Evaporating.

D. Decanting. Q31,2006

 

5. The following are liquids added together in glass bottles labelled P, Q, R and S by some pupils.

P – kerosene and cooking oil

Q – water and cooking oil

Which glass bottle contains liquids that cannot be separated by decanting?
A. P.

B. Q.

C. R.

D. S. Q16,2007

 

6. Which one of the following groups of methods can be used to separate solid mixtures only?

A. Sieving, picking, winnowing.

B. Picking, use of magnet, decanting.

C. Winnowing, sieving, filtration.

D. Use of magnet, filtration, decanting.
Q44,2007

 

7. The MOST appropriate method of separating a mixture of sand and salt after addition of water is A decanting
B. filtering

C. sieving

D. evaporating.
Q28,2008

 

8. The chart below represents a simple classification of liquids.

10. The following are some liquids:

(i) Water

(ii) Kerosene

(iii) Fresh milk

(iv) Cooking oil.

 

Which liquids are represented by P and Q?

P Q

A. Methylated spirit Milk.

B. Engine oil Methylated spirit

C. Cooking oil Milk

D. Turpentine Engine oil.
Q50,2009

 

9. The following are methods of separating mixtures:

(i) picking

(ii) filtering

(iii) decanting

(iv) sieving

Which two liquids will mix when put in a container?
A. (i) and (iv).

B. (ii) and (iii).

C. (iii) and (iv).

D. (ii) and (iv). Q39,2010

 

11. Which one of the following mixtures can separated by winnowing?

A. Flour and husks.

B. Maize and millet.

C. Rice and sand.

D. Millet and husks Q24,2010

Which two methods are suitable for separating a mixture of water and sand?

A. (i) and (iii)

B. (i) and (iv)

C. (ii) and (iii)

D. (ii) and (iv) Q18,2009

12.

The activities below are carried out when separating a mixture of salt, iron fillings, and sand but not in the correct order.

Filter the mixture through a sieve Add water to the mixture
Leave the mixture in the sun

Pass a magnet through the magnet

A.(iv)(ii)(i)(iii)

B.(ii)(iii)(i)(iv)

C.(ii)(iii)(iv)(i)

D.(iv)(i)(ii)(iii Q49,2003

 

changes of states

 

1. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE about pressure exerted by liquids?

Pressure in liquids increases when the A Amount of liquid is increased
B Diameter of container is reduced C Depth of liquid is increased
D Container with liquid is raised
Q38,2003

2. The diagram below represents a straw fitted in an airtight glass bottle containing a liquid

 

 

 

 

 

 

The sucking of the liquid is difficult because A.The straw does no reach the bottom
B.The liquid does not fill the bottle

C.The air inside the straw prevents the liquid from rising
D.Air pressure does not act on the liquid
Q20,2003

 

3. The processes 1, II, III and IV in the chart below bring about changes in states of matter.

 

 

 

 

The processes that require increase in temperature are:
A. III, IV

B. I, II

C. II, IV

D. I, III. Q10,2008

 

Effects of heat on matter

1. In which of the following activities can CORRECT CONCLUSION be drawn about evaporation of equal amounts of water and spirit?

A. Putting the liquids in bottle tops and placing both in the sun

B. Putting one liquid in a bottle top and the other in a shoe polish tin lid then placing the two in the sun

C. Putting the liquids in bottle tops then placing one in the sun and heating the other with a candle

D. Putting one liquid in a bottle top and the other in a shoe polish tin lid then heating both of them with a candle
Q37,2003

2. Which one of the following pairs of processes is as a result of increase in temperature?
A. Melting and evaporation.

B. Condensation and freezing.

C. Condensation and evaporation.

 

D. Melting and freezing. Q26,2007

 

3. Which one of the following is a reason why a glass container is likely to break if hot water is poured into it?
A. Sudden expansion of the inner side of the glass wall.

B. Sudden expansion of air in the container.

C. Sudden contraction of the outer side of the glass wall.
D. The fact that the heated wall had expanded.

Q48,2010

 

 

ENERGY
Heat energy

1. The diagram below represents a set up used by pupils to compare the rate at which heat is conducted in metals

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pupils would make wrong conclusions if they used A Metals of different thickness
B Different types of pins

C Metals of different lengths

D Different types of metals Q19,2003

2. Which one of the following pairs of processes involves absorption of heat from the surroundings?

A. Condensation and evaporation.

B. Freezing and condensation.

C. Melting and freezing.

D. Evaporation and melting.
Q24,2004

 

3. The diagram below represents a set up that is used to demonstrate a certain property of air.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The demonstration shows that air

A. is dissolved in water

B. has weight

C. occupies space

D. exerts pressure Q35,2004

 

4. Which of the following processes involve loss of heat to the surroundings?

A. Melting and freezing.

B. Evaporation and condensation.

C. Freezing and condensation.

D. Melting and evaporation. Q38, 2005
5. Heat reaches the feet of a person seated by the side of a fire by
A. conduction and convection

B. radiation only

C. convection only

D. radiation and convection.
Q38,2006

 

6. The reason why an ordinary jiko without a clay lining is not recommended for use is because.

A. it pollutes the environment

B. of the large amounts of charcoal used

C. it takes a long time when cooking

D. it gets too hot to hold.
Q15,2007

 

plastic bottle was placed in a carton and insulating material put around the bottle as shown in the diagram below. The bottle was then filled with hot water.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following would help keep the water hot for a longer time?

A. Putting a lining of aluminum foil around the carton.

B. Using insulating material with large air spaces.

C. Using black insulating material.

D. Using a metal box instead of a carton.
Q3,2003

 

8. When sand particles are put in a glass of cold water and heated at the bottom, the particles are seen to rise and fall.This is because sand particles

A. are carried by hot water which comes down on cooling

B. rise when heated and come down on cooling

C. become lighter than water when heated

D. and water rise when heated and come down on cooling. Q22,2008

9. When pieces of paper are dropped above a fire they rise. This is because

A. heat makes the paper lighter than air

B. paper expands when heated

C. hot air carries the paper upwards

D. heat from the fire carries the paper upwards.
Q20,2009

10. Which one of the following is TRUE about heat transfer by convention? It takes place in
A. Solids only

B. Liquid and gases

C. Gases only

D. Solids and gases. Q49,2009

Sound energy

1. In a box guitar high sound can be produced without changing the tension of the strings by

A. plucking the strings hard

B. increasing the lengths of the strings

C. using thinner strings

D. increasing the size of the box.
Q4,2005

 

Light energy

1. The splitting of white light into its constituent colours is called?

A.Reflection B.diffraction C.refraction
D.Dispersion Q1,2003

2.A stone at the bottom of a pond appears nearer the surface due to

A. refraction

B. dispersion

C. diffraction

D. Reflection Q28,2004

 

3. If the size of the hole in the pinhole camera is increased, the image formed is

A. enlarged

B. blurred

C. upright

D. not real Q26,2004

 

4. Which one of the following is TRUE about the rainbow? It forms

A. before heavy rainfall

B. when it rains while the sun is shining

C. when the sky is covered with thick clouds

D. when it rains in the afternoon. Q35,2006

 

5.. Which one of the following is a natural way of lighting a

house? Using a

A. candle

B. torch

C. hurricane lamp

D. transparent roof. Q42,2007

6.A card with the word BRICK written on it was placed in front of a mirror. Which one of the following shows how the word would appear in the mirror?

 

 

 

7. Which one of the following is NOT a source of light?

A. Moon.

B. Firefly.

C. Star.

D. Sun. Q26,2008

 

8. The diagram below represents a set-up that is used to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The property investigated is that light

A. is refracted

B. travels in a straight line

C. is dispersed

D. does not pass through opaque materials.
Q42,2008

 

9. Which one of the following is NOT a reason for lighting a house?

A. For safety purposes.

B. To discourage pests.

C. To feel warm.

D. To read comfortably.
Q43,2008

 

ruler placed slanting and partially immersed in water appears bent because light
A. from that part of the ruler under water is reflected
B. from that part of the ruler under water is refracted

C. from that part of the ruler under water is scattered
D. travels in a straight line in the same medium.
Q7,2009

11.. Which one of the following materials allows light to pass through it clearly?

A. Frosted glass.

B. Mirror.

C. Clean water.

D. Milk. Q22,2009

 

12.. The following are activities involved in

demonstrating that light travels in a straight line:

(i) Light a candle and place if at the opposite end of the cardboards

(ii) Thread a string through the holes

(iii) Observe the candle through the holes

(iv) Make a hole at the same level in the three cardboards

(v) cut three similar squares of cardboard and fix each cardboard to a piece of wood.

Which one of the following is the correct order of activities?
A. (v), (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)

B. (v), (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)

C. (v), (i), (iv), (ii), (iii)

D. (v), (iii). (iv), (ii), (i). Q46,2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13. The diagram below represents a set up that is used to investigate a certain aspect of light.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The aspect investigated is

A. light travels in a straight line

B. refraction

C. reflection

D. passage of light through materials.
Q29,2010

14. The diagram below represents a set up used to investigate a certain aspect of light.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The aspect being investigated

A. reflection of light

B. making a rainbow

C. refraction of light

D. how light travels Q47,2010

Electricity

1. The diagram below represents a circuit

 

Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the circuit? The

A. Bulb uses power from three cells

B. Bulb uses power from one cell

C. Cells are connected in series

D. Cells are connected in parallel
Q17,2003

 

2. Tall buildings are fitted with sharp pointed metal

rods at their tops and connected to the ground. The rods are for

A. protecting the buildings against lightning

B. protecting electricity users from being electrocuted

C. fixing aerials for radios and televisions

D. allowing expansion of walls during hot weather.

Q34,2006

3. Which one of the following DOES NOT function the same way as a bicycle dynamo when used to produce electricity?
A. Hydro-electric generator.

B. Car battery.

C. Diesel generator.

D. Wind driven turbines. Q45,2007

 

4. In which one of the following circuit diagrams will the bulb not light?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. The diagram below represents a set up that can be used to investigate good and poor conductors of electricity.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following materials when used to connect wires at position K would make the bulb light?
A. Piece of thread.

B. Razor blade.

C. Piece of glass.

D. Cello tape. Q6,2010

 

6. The diagram below represents a safety sign when dealing with electricity.

 

 

 

 

The sign means
A. do not insert objects into electric socket

B. do not use appliances with damaged plugs or wires
C. do not plug in many electrical appliances

D. do not get near. Q46,2010

 

 

Forms of energy
1. Which one of the following pairs of renewable sources of energy?

A.Firewood and kerosene B.Waterfall and petrol C.Biogas and charcoal
D.Wind and coal Q18, 2003

2. Which one of the following sources of energy is non- renewable?

A. Kerosene.

B. Firewood.

C. Solar.

D. Biogas. Q27, 2004

3. Which one of the following sources of energy is renewable?
A. Kerosene.

B. Biogas from cow dung.

C. Coal.

D. Cooking gas from crude oil. Q1, 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Steam can be used to drive a wheel as in the set up shown in the diagram below

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following CANNOT increase the speed of the rotating wheel?

A. Using blades made from lighter material B.Increasing the size of the blades C.Increasing the size of the small hole D.Increasing the amount of heat

4. Which one of the following is an example of force?
A. Weight B,Energy C.Pressure
D.Work Q27,2003

5. Coins were arranged in a pile as shown in the diagram below.

When the coin at the bottom was knocked out suddenly using a ruler, it moved out leaving the pile intact.

The pile remained intact because of

A. friction.

B. gravity.

C. inertia.

D. weight. Q48,2004

6. When an object is thrown up in the air it falls because it
A. is pulled by the earth.

B. exerts pressure.

C. is resisted by air. Q15,2005

 

7..Which one of the following is CORRECT about a solar heater? A solar heater changes
A. heat energy to electrical energy

B. light energy to electrical energy

C. chemical energy to heat energy

D. light energy to heat energy. Q33,2006

K.C.P.E REVISION 360

 

8. Which one of the following sources of energy DOES NOT contain chemical energy?

A. Car battery.

B. Bicycle dynamo.

C. Food.

D. Firewood. Q37,2006

9. The following are forms of energy:

(i) heat

(ii) electricity

(iii) light

(iv) sound

The two forms of energy that DO NOT require a medium for transmission are
A. (ii) and (iv)

B. (i) and (iii)

C. (i) and (ii)

D. (iii) and (iv). Q31,2007

 

10. Which one of the following groups of sources of energy consists of only sources that have chemical energy?

A. Charcoal, kerosene, food.

B. Dynamo, drycell, firewood.

C. Biogas, hydroelectric power generator, matches.

D. Geothermal, generator, cooking gas, car battery.

Q25,2010

Energy changes

1. Below is an energy transformation:

Chemical electrical heat light.

 

In which one of the following does the energy transformation shown take place when used to produce light?
A. Geothermal.

B. Car battery.

C. Electric bulb.

D. Bicycle dynamo. Q5,2005

 

2. .Which one of the following energy transformations takes place when a radio that uses cells is operating?
A. Chemical —> electrical —> magnetic —> kinetic
—> sound

 

B. Magnetic —> electrical —> kinetic —> chemical

—> sound.

C. Electrical —> chemical —> kinetic —> magnetic

—> sound.

D. Kinetic —> chemical —> electrical —>magnetic —
> sound. Q36,2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. The diagram below shows a stone being thrown using a catapult.

 

The energy transformation that occurs at the section marked P is
A. electrical —» magnetic

B. chemical —» electrical

C. heat —» electricity

 

The form of energy in the rubber band before the stone is released is
A. kinetic

B. potential

C. chemical

D. sound. Q32,2006

 

4.. The diagram below represents a circuit that can be used to take a temporary magnet.

 

cells

D. chemical —» magnetic.
Q30,2007

 

5. Which one of the following shows the correct order of energy changes that take place when a bulb is connected to a dry cell to produce light?

A. Chemical —» heat —» electrical —» light.

B. Electrical —» chemical —» heat —» light.

C. Chemical —» electrical —» heat —» light.

D. Electrical —» heat —» chemical —» light.
Q24,2008

 

6. The beginning of energy transformations in radio that uses dry cells is

 

Copper wire

 

coil

Copper

A. electrical

B. magnetic

C. chemical

D. sound.
Q45,2010

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 363

3. The following practices help to conserve energy:

(i) using improved firewood jikos

(ii) switching off lights that use hydro-electric power when not needed
(iii) using public transport whenever possible

(iv) using biogas for cooking

 

Which two practices conserve non-renewable sources of energy?
A. (i) and (ii).

 

Conservation of energy

1. Which one of the following is the MAIN reason why the inside of a solar drier is painted black?

A. To prevent rusting.

B. To make it last longer.

C. To make it absorb heat.

D. To decorate it. Q2,2005

 

2. Which one of the following sources of energy is renewable?
A. Kerosene.

B. Biogas from cow dung.

C. Coal.

D. Cooking gas from crude oil. Q1,2005

B. (ii) and (iii).

C. (ii) and (iv).

D. (iii) and (iv). Q33,2007

 

4. Which one of the following groups of sources of energyconsists of only renewable sources?

A. Firewood, kerosene, waterfall.

B. Wind, charcoal, biogas.

C. Diesel, waterfall, wind.

D. Biogas, kerosene, firewood.
Q43,2008

 

5. The following are ways of maintaining tools

EXCEPT:

A. cleaning after use

B. greasing

C. sharpening

D. using them regularly. Q44,2008

6. Which one of the following DOES NOT explain why an improved jiko conserves energy? It has

A. A cone shape

B. Walls made of clay

C. A small space for holding charcoal

D. An outer cover made of metal.
Q26,2009

 

7. Which one of the following is NOT a method of conserving energy? Using

A. a wind mill to pump water

B. biogas for cooking

C. solar panels to produce electricity

D. a traditional jiko for cooking Q28,2010

8. The following are ways of maintaining tools

EXCEPT:

A. cleaning after use

B. greasing

C. sharpening

D. using them regularly. Q45,2008

When in use the fulcrum is at point

9. Which one of the following is NOT a practice tor maintaining simple tools?

A. Oiling.

B. Using them for the right purpose.

C. Sharpening.

D. Storing in a sale place. Q40,2009

 

 

 

MAKING WORK EASIER

Simple tools

A P

B. Q

C. R

D. S
Q18,2004

 

2. Which one of the following machines is the effort equal to the load and the effort distance equal to the load distance?
A. Inclined plane.
B. Wheel and axle.
C. Lever.
D. Single fixed pulley. Q8.,2004

3. The diagram below represents a simple machine in use.

1.The diagram below represents a fishing rod with points labelled P, Q, R and S.

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 366

A. Spade.

B. Wheelbarrow.

C. Claw hammer.

The machine is an example of

A. an inclined plane

B. a wheel and axle

C. a lever

D. a pulley Q16,2005

 

 

4. Which one of the following pairs of levers has the position of load, fulcrum and effort as a forearm?

A. Fishing rod and pliers.

B. Spade and tongs.

C. Bottle top opener and nutcracker.

D. Scissors and claw hammer. Q29,2005

 

5. The reason for using rollers when moving heavy objects on a floor is to
A. make objects lighter

B. avoid damaging the floor

C. increase speed of moving objects

D. reduce force that opposes movement.
Q17,2005

 

6. Which one of the following levers when in use has the position of the effort between the load and the fulcrum?

D. Crowbar. Q45,2006

 

7. The diagram below represents a simple machine.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the positions labelled P, Q and R would represent the load, effort and fulcrum when the machine is in use?
Load Effort Fulcrum

A. P Q R

B. R P Q

C. Q P R

D. R Q P Q46,2007

8. The diagram below represents a block of wood being pushed along a surface towards point X.

 

 

 

L

 

J

Which one of the arrows represents the direction of the force of friction?
A J.

B. K.

C. L.

D. M. Q47,2007

 

9. The purpose of using rollers to move a load is to

A. increase the force required to push the load

B. reduce the force that hinders movement of the load

C. make the load lighter

D. control the direction of the movement of the load.

Q48, 2009

certain machine, when in use, can work with load, effort and fulcrum at different positions as shown in the diagrams I and II.

 

 

 

 

The machine is

A. wheelbarrow

B. Crowbar

C. Spade

D. claw hammer. Q17, 2009

 

 

Balancing

1. On a see-saw a small boy can lift a big boy when

A. the small boy stands on it

B. the big boy moves closer to the fulcrum

C. the two boys interchange positions

D. the two boys move equal distances away from the fulcrum. Q49,2010

2. The following activities are carried out when making a beam balance but not in the correct order:
(i) Suspend the arm to find balance point and mark.
(ii) Make a base, a stand and the arm. (iil) Fix the stand and the arm to the base.
(iv) Suspend tins on both sides of the arm.

 

Which one of the following is the CORRECT order in which the activities are carried out?
A. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv).

B. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv).

C. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i).

D. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii). Q48,2006

3. In which of the following is work made easier by changing the direction of force applied?

A. Ladder.

B. Flag post.

C. Staircase.

D. A road winding uphill. Q27, 2009

.4.On a see-saw a small boy can lift a big boy when

A. the small boy stands on it

B. the big boy moves closer to the fulcrum

C. the two boys interchange positions

D. the two boys move equal distances away from the fulcrum. Q49, 2010

 

Movement

1. Which one of the following statements is
CORRECT about a stone thrown a few metres

directly upwards by a passenger in a moving lorry? The stone will fall

A. in front of the person

B. behind the person

C. on the person

D. behind the lorry. Q49,2006

 

2. Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE

about the force that opposes movement? The force

A. can be reduced by streamlining

B. makes the load heavier

C. increases effort required to move the load

D. produces heat. Q36,2007

 

Levers

1. Which one of the following pairs of machines consists of levers only?

A. Pliers and wedge.

B. Crowbar and nutcracker.

C. Screw and scissors.

D. Bottle opener and knife.
Q39,2004

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE about some levers when in use?
A. In a crowbar, the load is between the effort and the fulcrum.
B. In a crowbar, the effort is between the load and the fulcrum.
C. In a wheelbarrow, the fulcrum is between the load and the effort.
D. In a spade, the effort is between the load

and the fulcrum. Q15, 2010

 

3. Which one of the following examples of levers has the position of effort between the positions of load and fulcrum when in use?
A. Spade.

B. Wheelbarrow.

C. Claw hammer.

D. Crow bar. Q41,2008

Friction force

1. In which of the following cases is friction both an advantage and a disadvantage?

A. Dragging a heavy box along the floor.

B. Moving parts of a machine.

C. Climbing up a hill.

D. Drawing water from a well using a rope.
Q47,2004

 

2.. The diagram below represents a tyre of a vehicle.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The purpose of treads in the vehicle tyre is to

A. make them last longer

B. increase grip on the road

C. reduce surface area

D. make them lighter.

Q47,2006

3. In which one of the following activities is friction

LEAST needed?

A. Writing.

B. Riding a bicycle.

C. Walking.

D. Using pulleys. Q13 ,2008

 

3. The diagram below represents a person pushing a heavy log of wood along a flat surface.
Which one of the following changes would make the person push the log more easily?

A. Smearing oil on the flat surface.

B. Wearing shoes with rough soles.

C. Smearing oil on the log of wood.

D. Placing rollers on the flat surface

 

 

 

 

Pulleys

1. Which one of the following machines is the effort equal to the load and the effort distance equal to the load distance?
A. Inclined plane.
B. Wheel and axle.
C. Lever.
D. Single fixed pulley. Q9,2004

 

 

 

 

 

To investigate the force required to lift the load

 

2. Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement about pulleys? Pulleys
A..Increase friction

B. Reduce the weight of the load

C. Change the direction of force

D. Increase speed Q26, 2003

 

single fixed pulley

A. changes direction of force

B. increases effort distance

C. reduces effort required

D. reduces load distance.
Q46,2006

 

4. The diagram below represents a set-up that is used to lift

a spring balance must be at

 

A. P

B. Q

C. R

D. S. Q12,2007

 

5. Which one of the following statements about a single fixed pulley is TRUE? The effort
A. moves a shorter distance than the load

B. and the load move the same distance

C. moves twice the distance the load moves

D. required is half the load. Q14, 2008

6. The following are steps followed when

Q investigating the force required to lift a load using a

K.C.P.E 373

p
Effort

Load

fixed pulley but not in their correct order:

(i) Tie the load with a string

(ii) Pass the string with the load through the pulley on the support
(iii) Pull the spring balance and measure

(iv) Fix the pullev on the support

(v) Tie the spring balance at the end of string.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 374

The CORRECT order of steps to be followed is
A. (ii), (i), (iv), (v), (iii)

B. (i), (ii), (iv), (v), (iii)

C. (v), (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)

D. (iv), (i). (ii), (v), (iii). Q50,2010

 

 

Inclined planes

1. An inclined plane makes work easier by

A. changing direction of effort.

B. increasing effort distance.

C. decreasing load distance.

D. decreasing the load Q49,2004

 

2. Which one of the following pairs of machines belongs to the same group as a ladder?

A. Claw hammer and bottle opener.

B. Spade and fishing rod.

C. Staircase and a road winding uphill.

D. Handcart and wheelbarrow.
Q14,2007

 

person intends to push a drum full of oil along an

inclined plane on to a platform, Decreasing the slope of the inclined plane would

A. decrease effort applied

B. decrease effort distance

C. decrease load distance

D. not affect the effort applied Q19, 2008

4. Which one of the following groups of machines consists of inclined planes only?
A. Ladder, spade, crowbar.

B. Staircase, ladder, a road winding up a hill.

C. Spade, staircase, ladder.

D. A road winding up a hill, craw hammer, crowbar.

Q26,2010

5. Which one of the following is NOT an example of an inclined plane?
A. Crowbar B.Staircase C.Wedge
D.Screw Q28,2003

K.C.P.E REVISION 375

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E.

K.N.E.C

 

 

SOCIAL STUDIES

2000-2011

 

TOPICALLY ANALLYSED

SOCIAL STUDIES 2000
1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

MAPWORK

Study the map of Bebe area and answer questions 1 to 7.
1. What is the direction of Kobo hill from Nama town?
A. North East.
B. South East.
C. NorthWest.
D. South West.
2. The physical feature which has been formed at the point where river Bebe enters lake Nama is called A a delta
B. an estuary C a tributary
K.C.P.E REVISION

D. a spring.
3. What evidence is there to show that most parts of Bebe area receive low rainfall?
A. Forest.
B. Scrub.
C. Swamps.
D. Hills.
4. According to the evidence in the map, the economic activities in Bebe area are fishing and
A. trading
B. cattle keeping
C. mining 381

D. saw-milling.
5. The headteacher of the school in Nama town wants to pass urgent information to the District Officer in Bebe town. The quickest means for passing the information would be by
A. sending a telegram
B. posting a letter
C. sending a messenger
D. making a telephone call.
6. Business people in Bebe area obtain their trading licences from the

A. chiefs camp
B. county council
C. post office
D. police post.
7. The length of the murram road from the shores of the lake to the junction in Nama town is
A. 13km
B. 16km
C. 15km
D. 10 km.
Q1-7 , 2003

SOCIAL STUDIES 2001

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

shop in Kaka town. The correct action for them to take would be to

Study the map of Kaka area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. What is the approximate length of the tarmac road

from the junction at Kaka town to the sawmill near river Kayo?
A. 6 km

B. 8 km

C. 10 km

D. 13 km.

 

2. Members of the public found a person breaking into a

A. beat up the person

B. take the person to the police post

C. take the person to the prison

D. run away for safety.

 

3. The highest point in Kaka area is likely to be around
A. Peya market

B. Peke market

C. Kaka town

D. Kuta market.

4. The climate of the area to the west of Kaka town can

6. What is the direction of Liba market from Peke

market?

be described as

A. hot and wet

B. hot and dry

C. cool and wet

D. cool and dry.

5. Which one of the following Local Authorities is in charge of Kaka town?
A. Municipal Council

B. County Council

C. City Council

A. North West

B. South West

C. South East

D. North East.

7. The two main economic activities carried out around Kuta market are

A. trading and mining

B. trading and cattle keeping

C. trading and manufacturing

D. trading and crop growing Q1-7 , 2001

D. Urban Council.

SOCIAL STUDIES 2002

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Study the map of Sogo area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. Sogo municipality is administered by a

A. District Officer

B. Mayor

C. Chief

D. Police Officer.

2. The length of the marram road from Rata market to the

junction in Sogo town is approximately

A. 12 kms

B. 15 kms

C. 18 kms

D. 8 km.

3. The shaded area marked S is set aside for

A. industries

B. landless people

C. wild animals

D. trees.

4. The main economic activity carried out in Sogo area

is

A. fishing

B. mining

C. cattle-keeping

D. trading.

 

5. The general direction of flow of river Sogo is from

A. South West to North East

B. North West to South West

C. North East to South West

K.C.P.E REVISION 385

D. North to South.

 

6. What evidence in the map shows that Sogo area receives low rainfall?

A. Existence of settlements.

B. Presence of scrub vegetation.

C. Existence of a quarry.

D. Presence of hills.

7. A Police Officer in Boro market wants an urgent message to reach the Police Station at Sogo town. The quickest way of passing the message would be to

A. send a letter to Sogo Police Station

B. send a messenger to Sogo Police Station

C. drive to Sogo Police Station

D. make a telephone call to Sogo Police Station.

Q1-7 , 2002

 

SOCIAL STUDIES 2003
1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

MAPWORK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Study the map of Tati area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. What evidence in the map shows that Tusa location has cool climate? The presence of
A. a tea plantation

B. an airstrip

C. rivers

D. a market

 

2. People living in Tati area would have their land disputes solved by the

A. Police Officer

B. District Officer

C. Forest Officer

D. Agricultural Officer

3. The two main economic activities carried out in Tati
area are

A. quarrying and cattle keeping

B. trading and transportation

C. trading and lumbering

D. crop growing and quarrying

4. The approximate length of River Saku from the source up to the point where it joins River Kathi is

 

 

 

A. 9 km

B. 10 km

C. 12 km

D. 2 km

 

5. What is the direction of the maize farm from the forest?
A. North East.

B. South West.

C. North.

D. South

6. Which one of the following pairs of goods is not likely to be sold in the markets shown on the map?
A. Clothes and processed food.

B. Hoes and pangas

C. Aeroplane tickets and motorcycles.

D. Fertilisers and seeds.

7. Which one of the four locations of Tali area is
most

densely settled?

A. Ruta.

B. Gako.

C. Kara.

D. Tusa.

Q1-7 , 2003

KCPE 2004 MAPWORK

 

 

 

 

 

Study the map of Lofi area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. The natural vegetation found in the south-western part of Lofi area is

A. scrub

B. forest

C. scattered trees

D. grass

 

2. Lofi town serves mainly as

A. an educational centre

B. a residential centre

C. an administrative centre

D. an industrial centre

 

3. What is the approximate length of the telephone line from the point where it crosses Lango Road to the south-eastern edge of the map?

A. 10 km

B. 7 km

C. 9 km

D. 12 km

4. What evidence on the map shows that there is likely to be security in Lofi town?

A. Post Office.

B. Police Station.

C. Permanent Buildings.

D. County Council Offices.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. According to the information on the map, three of the following statements are true. Which one is not?

A. The northern part of Lofi receives more rain than the southern part.

B. Cattle farming is one of the main agricultural activities in Lofi.

C. The people in Lofi have several sources of water.

D. A person travelling from Pewa to Pili has to pass through Lofi Town.

 

6. The main factor that may influence the setting up of a posho
mill at Pili market is the availability of

A. Water

B. Transport

C. Maize

D. Market

7. Which two religions are practised in Lofi area?

A. Christianity and Islam.

B. Islam and Buddhism.

C. Buddhism and Hinduism.

D. Hinduism and Christianity Q1-7, 2004

KCPE 2005 MAPWORK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Study the map of Ama Area and answer questions 1 to 7.
1. The general direction of the murram pit from the Chief’s Camp is

A. North-East.

B. North-west

C. South-East

D. South-West.

 

2. The length of the tarmac road from the junction at Ama town to the tea factory is approximately.

C. Town Council.

D. Urban Council.

 

5. The main source of water for the residents of Ama town is

A. the swamp

B. the borehole

C. the pond

D. the river.

6. Three of the following are economic activities

practised in Ama Area. Which one is not?

A. Farming.

B. Fishing.

C. Mining.

D. Trading.

7. A person has set fire to the Rest House in Ama town. The most appropriate action that the owner should take

is to report the incident to

A. the District Officer

B. the Chief’s Camp

C. the health centre

D. the police station.

 

Q1-7, 2005
KCPE 2006 MAPWORK

 

 

 

 

Study the map of Mula Area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. The general direction of flow of river Mula is from

A. North to South-East.

B. North to South.

C. South-East to North.

D. South to North-East.

 

2. What is the approximate length in kilometres of the railway line shown on the map?

A. 14.5km.

B. 13.5 km.

C. 12.5 km.

D. 11.5 km.

 

3. The main economic activity carried out in Mula Area is

A. mining

B. farming

C. lumbering

D. trading.

 

4. Three of the following services are available in Mula town. Which one is not?

A. Health

B. Administration.

C. Recreation.

D. Security.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. The climate of the area between Muko and Wema markets is
likely to be

A. hot and dry

B. cool and dry

C. cool and wet

D. hot and wet.

 

6. The school in Mula town wishes to enlarge its compound. Which one of the following government offices should the

school approach for more land?

 

A. The District Education Office.

B. The Municipal Council Office.

C. The District Officer’s Office.

D. The Chiefs Office.

 

7. A trader in Wema market urgently wishes to order for goods from a supplier in Mula town. The

quickest means of placing the order would be

 

A. to post a letter to the supplier

B. to drive to Mula town

C. to make a telephone call to the supplier

D. to send a messenger to Mula town.

Q1-72006

 

2007 MAPWORK
D. 64 sq. kilometres.

3. Most of the settlements in Timo area are found

A. along the roads

B. near the quarry

C. near the cattle dip

D. along the river.

 

4. Which one of the following features would attract tourists in Zime Location?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Some cows have strayed into the maize plantation in Roti Location and destroyed the crop. The correct action for the owner of the plantation to take is to

A. poison the cows

B. arrest the herdsman

C. sell the cows in the nearby market

D. report the matter to the chief.

 

7. Which one of the following social services is not

available in Timo town?

A. Educational services.

B. Religious services.

C. Health services.

D. Recreational services. Q1-7, 2007

KCPE 2008 MAPWORK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Study the map of MINA area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. The length of the railway from the level crossing to the edge of the map is approximately

A. 4km

B. 6 km

C. 9km

D. 13 km.

2. The general direction of flow of River Mina is

A. North-east to South-west

B. South-east to North-west

C. North to South

D. West to East.

 

3. Which one of the following types of soil is likely to be commonly found in Gola sub location?

A. Clay soil.

B. Sandy soil.

C. Alluvial soil.

D. Volcanic soil.

4. The main factor that may have influenced the setting up of a cattle ranch in Pone sub-location is the availability of

A. labour

B. space

C. transport

D. veterinary services.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. In Mina Area, there are permanent settlements in all the sub-locations except

A. Gola sub-location

B. Tosi sub-location

C. Pone sub-location

D. Waro sub-location.

 

6. What evidence in the map shows that Mina Town is an administrative centre? Presence of

A. a post office

B. a chief’s camp

C. a police post

D. a railway station

 

7. Which one of the following is the main source of revenue for Mina Urban Council?
A. Money paid by owners of businesses in the town.

B. Parking fees paid by vehicle owners.

C. Fees paid by people visiting the museum.

D. Fines paid by people who break the by-laws.

KCPE 2009 MAPWORK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Study the map of RAMALI area and answer questions 1 to 7.
1. The natural vegetation found around Kera market is

A. mangrove forest

B. scattered trees

C. papyrus

D. scrub

 

2. The approximate area of the cotton farm is

A. 4 km2

B. 8 km2

C. 12 km2

D. 14 km2.

 

3. River Ramali flows from

A. North-East to South-West

B. North-West to South-East

C. South-West to North-East

D. South-East to North-West

4. Which one of the following social services is provided at Pori market?

A . Health Services.

B. Religious Services.

C. Educational Services.

D. Postal Services.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. In which one of the following parts of Ramah area are most settlements found?

A. Along the Coast.

B. Along the tarmac road

C. Along the murram road.

D. Along the river.

6. The main economic activity carried out in Ramali area is

A. Salt mining

B. cattle keeping

C. fishing

D. trading.

7. The climate of Ramah area can be described as

A. hot and dry

B. hot and wet

C. cold and wet

D. cold and dry. Q1-7 ,2009

KCPE 2010 MAPWORK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Study the map of Molu area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. The land in Molu area slopes from

A. fast to West

B. South to North

C. North-West to South-East

D. North-East to South-West.

 

2. What is the approximate area of the irrigation scheme?

A. 10 square kilometers.

B. 16 square kilometers.

C. 18 square kilometers.

D. 20 square kilometers.

 

3. A trader at Tau market has ordered for maize flour from a wholesale shop in Molu town. The appropriate means of transport to use to deliver the flour would be by

A. road transport

B. railway transport

C. water transport

D. air transport.

4. Three of the following economic activities are carried out in Molu area except

A. fishing

B. farming

C. trading

D. mining.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. If the area under the Game Reserve was to be converted into a farm, which one of the following crops would be suitable to plant?

A. Coffee.

B. Cotton.

C Pyrelhrum.

D. Tea.

 

6. Which hone of the following statements correctly describes the distribution of settlements in Molu area?

A. The settlements are evenly spread.

B. There are few settlements in the irrigation scheme.

C. There are some settlements along River Molu.

D. Settlements are concentrated where there are towns.

 

7. Three of the following social services are available in Molu

Town. Which one is not?

A. Health Services.

B. Recreation services.
C. Educational Services
D Religious Services. Q1-7,2010

Position size and shape

1. Which one of the following groups of countries are found in Eastern Africa?
A. Kenya, Uganda, Angola.

B. Kenya, Rwanda, Egypt.

C. Kenya. Somalia, Namibia.

D. Kenya, Tanzania. Sudan. Q13,2001

2. Which one of the following statements is true
about

the Rift Valley province of Kenya?

A. Most of the inhabitants in the province are Cushites.
B. Its provincial headquarters is Eldoret town.

C. Most of the province is covered by forests.

D. It borders two neighbouring countries.
Q29,2001

3. Which one of the following statements is true about

the position of Kenya?

A. It is to the South of the Equator.

B. It is to the East of the Prime Meridian.

C. It is to the North of Uganda.

D. It is to the West of Ethiopia. Q22,2002

4. Which one of the following statements is true about the location of the Sahara desert? It is located to the

A. South of the Mediterranean Sea.

B. East of the Red Sea.

C. South of the Equator.

D. East of the Congo Basin. Q8, 2003 5Which one of the following statements explains why
there are few natural harbours along the coast of Africa?

A. The coastline is regular.

B. The land along the coast is flat.

C. There are mangrove forests along the coast.

D. The coastline is made up of soft rocks.

Q13, 2003

6. Use the map of Africa below to answer questions 40 to 44.

 

 

 

(i) The Island marked P is

A. Zanzibar

B. Lamu

C. Madagascar

D. Comoros

 

(ii) The country marked S is

A. Nigeria

B. Ghana

C. Benin

D. Cameroon

 

7. Which one of the following countries is correctly matched with its capital city’?
Country Capital city

D receive most of the rain from the North East trade winds. Q11,2000
2. . Below are statements describing a region in Africa (i) it has very hot days and cold nights
(ii) it has cloudless nights
(iii) it has scanty vegetation
The region described above is the A.. Kalahari
B. Congo Basin
C. lake Victoria region
D. Coastal Plains of West Africa. Q14,2000
3. The shaded area marked U has low population because it
A. is frequently invaded by pests
B. is flooded regularly by water from the Red Sea
C. is occupied by many wild animals
D. receives inadequate rainfall. Q35,2000
4. The diagram below represents the climate of a station in Eastern Africa. Use it to answer question 22.

 

A. Mali – Bamako

B. Ghana – Dakar

C. Senegal – Ndjamena

D. Chad – Accra

Q29, 2009

 

Climate
1. Which one of the following is true about the climate of the Kenya highlands? The highlands
A. have one rainy season
B. are hot throughout the year
C. experience cool temperatures

22. Which one of the following statements correctly

describes the climate of the station?

A. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year.
B. It is hot throughout the year.

C. Rainfall is low when temperatures are high.

D. The wettest months are between November and March. Q22,2001

question 51.

 

 

 

 

 

5. Study the map of Kenya below and answer 26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26. The district marked Z is sparsely populated because
A. it is set aside for cattle ranching
B. it has many wild animals
C. it receives little rainfall
D. it has poor soils. Q26,2001
6. The diagram below shows a type of rainfall experienced in some parts of Kenya. Use it to answer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

51. In which one of the following towns is the type of rainfall shown in the diagram commonly experienced?
A. Nairobi.

B. Nyeri.

C. Marsabit.

D. Kisumu. Q51,2001

7. The climate of the Congo Basin is generally

A. cold and wet throughout the year

B. cold and dry for most of the year

C. hot and dry for most of the year

D. hot and wet throughout the year.

K.C.P.E REVISION 410

Q56,2001
Use the map of Africa below to answer questions
8

8. The climate of the area marked Z is

A. hot and wet

B. wet and cold

C. cold and dry

D. hot and dry. Q41,2002

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. The diagram below shows an area where relief rainfall is experienced.

Which one of the areas marked A, B, C and D is in the rain shadow? Q20,2002
10. Which one of the following is a way of making arid
areas in Kenya productive?

A. By moving people from those areas.

B. By constructing roads in those areas.

C. By encouraging people to plant trees in those areas.

D. By encouraging people who live in those areas to practise shifting cultivation. Q45,2002
11. Which one of the following physical regions
of

Kenya is correctly matched with its climatic conditions?

K.C.P.E REVISION 411

Physical Region Climatic Condition

The diagram illustrates the formation of a

 

 

 

Q9, 2003

12. Meru town receives more rainfall than Nanyuki town because

A. Meru is on the windward side of Mount Kenya

B. Nanyuki is far from the Equator

C. Meru is near a forested area

D. Nanyuki is at a low altitude Q11,2004

 

 

 

14. The main economic activity of people living in cold deserts is
A. gathering

B. hunting

C. mining

D. Fishing Q56, 2004

15. The table below represents rainfall and temperature
figures for a station in Africa. Use it to answer question

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Temp in 0C 28 28 28 27 27 26 26 27 27 27 27 28
Rainfall in mm 41 69 150 201 206 114 66 84 193 226 150 40

16. Below are some characteristics of a type of climate experienced in Africa.
(i) Day temperatures are very high.

(ii) The rainfall received in a year is between 250 mm and 450 mm.
(iii) Skies are cloudless during the night.

(iv) Most of the winds experienced are generally dry.

The type of climate described above is

A. Tropical Continental climate

B. Mediterranean climate

C. Semi-desert climate

D. Warm temperate climate. Q47, 2006

 

 

 

 

 

17. The graph below represents the climate of a town in

Africa.

Which one of the following statements correctly

describes the climate of the town?

A. There is rainfall throughout the year.

B. The town has one dry season.

C. Temperatures are high throughout the year.

D. The town has two wet seasons. Q14, 2007
18.. Nairobi is cooler than Mombasa because

A. Mombasa is far from the equator

B. Nairobi is far from the sea

C. Mombasa experiences sea breezes

D. Nairobi is higher above sea level.
Q10,2008 19.

 

 

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 413

 

 

 

. Which one of the following statements explains why the shaded area marked J is densely populated?

 

The ocean current that influences the climate of the area marked Q is
A. Canary

B. Guinea

C. Mozambique

D. Benguela. Q24,2008

20. Below are characteristics of a type of climate in Africa

(i) Rain occurs mainly in the afternoon.

(ii) Annual range of temperature is low.

(iii) Rainfall is high throughout the year.

(iv) Temperatures are high throughout the year.

A. The area has sufficient land for settlement

B. The area receives high rainfall which encourages farming.
C. The area has volcanic soils suitable for growing a variety of crops.
D. The area experiences cool climate suitable for settlement.
Q18,2009

 

22. Use the diagram below to answer questions 22 & 23

 

 

 

 

 

 

21.

The climate described above is

A. Desert climate.

B. Equatorial climate.

C. Tropical climate.

D. Mediterranean climate. Q53,2008

Which of the following characteristics are true about the winds marked X?
A. They are cool and moist.

B. They are warm and dry.

C. They are cool and dry.

D. They are warm and moist.
Q13,2010

23. Which one of the following towns in Kenya

K.C.P.E REVISION 414

experiences the effects of winds similar to the ones marked X?

A. Nanyuki.

B. Nakuru.

C. Thika.

D. Eldoret. Q14,2010

 

Weather prediction and instruments

1. Three of the following instruments used for
measuring weather conditions are commonly found in

a school weather station. Which one is not?

A. Thermometer.

B. Rain gauge.

C. Barometer.

D. Wind vane.
Q10,2003

2. The best time to thresh millet is when the weather is

A. cool and calm

B. cloudy and rainy

C. sunny and windy

D. cool and rainy
18,2003

3. The diagram below represents an instrument that is used to measure an element of weather.

 

Which one of the following elements of weather is measured using the instrument shown in the diagram?

A. Air pressure.

B. Temperature.

C. Wind direction.

D. Rainfall. Q14,2005

4. The diagram below shows an instrument used for recording an element of weather.

 

 

 

 

 

The element of weather recorded using the instrument shown above is
A. rainfall

B. temperature

C. pressure

D. wind direction.

415

Q47,2006

5. Below are some ways used for predicting the coming of a rainy season.
(i) Observing the clouds.

(ii) Using air balloons.

(iii) Measuring the humidity of the air.

(iv) Observing the shape of the moon.

 

Which combination of the ways listed above consists of traditional methods of predicting weather?

A. (i) and (iv)

B. (i) and (ii)

C. (ii) and (iii)

D. (iii) and (iv). Q25,2009

6. In traditional African societies, the croaking of frogs was associated with

A. the coming of dry seasons

B. the coming of good harvest

C. the coming of rains

D. the coming of strong winds.
Q20,2010

7. The diagram below represents an instrument that is used to measure an element of weather.

The instrument is used to measure

A. direction of the wind

B. amount of rainfall

C. atmospheric pressure

D. temperature. Q25,2002

8. Which one of the following weather recording instruments is correctly matched with the element of weather it measures?
Instrument Element of weather
A. Thermometer Humidity
B. Rain gauge Temperature
C. Hygrometer Rainfall
D. Barometer Air pressure Q26,2000

10. Traditional African Societies predicted the coming of rains by

A. reading information received from balloons released into the air
B. bserving types and movements of clouds
C. listening to information about weather over the radio
D. reading weather charts showing the movement ofwinds. Q42,2000
Mountains

1. . Below are statements about a mountain in Africa
(i) it was formed as a result of volcanic activity
(ii) it is located near the boundary of two countries
(iii) it is covered by snow at the peak. The mountain described above is A.Elgon
B.Drakensberg C.Kilimanjaro
D.Atlas. Q41,2000
2. The diagram below represents a volcanic mountain

 

The physical feature marked Z in the above diagram is
A. lava
B. a crater
C. conelet
D. a fault. Q55,2000
3. The diagram below represents a landscape. Use it to answer question 39.

 

 

 

 

 

The landscape above was formed as a result of

A. deposition

B. folding

C. erosion

D. faulting. Q39,2001

4. Three of the following statements are true about Mount Kilimanjaro. Which one is not?
A. It is the highest mountain in Africa.

B. It is covered with snow at the top.

C. It is the source of River Tana.

D. It is located in Tanzania. Q55,2001

Use the map of Africa below to answer questions 5

 

5. The relief feature marked Q is the

A. Adamawa Highlands

B. Atlas Mountains

C. Ahaggar Plateau

D. Cameroun Mountains. Q43,2002

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Most mountains in Africa were formed as a result of

A. erosion

B. volcanicity

C. folding

D. Faulting Q12,2003

7. The floor of the Rift Valley in Kenya receives little rainfall because it
A. lies in between the eastern and western highlands
B. is located far from the Indian Ocean

C. is located near the Equator

D. has many salty lakes.
Q142003

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The feature marked R is

A. Mount Kenya

B. Mount Elgon

C. Mount Marsabit

D. Mount Meru
Q32,2003

8. Mountains were useful to communities in traditional African societies because they
A. provided boundaries between communities

B. provided good areas for settlement

C. were used as places of worship

D. were used as administrative headquarters
Q40,200 3
9. Which one of the following mountains was formed as a result of faulting?

A. Mount Kenya.

B. Mount Kilimanjaro.

C. Atlas Mountains.

D. Ruwenzori Mountains.
Q14,2004

10. The diagram below represents a type of mountain. Use it to answer question 10.

 

 

 

 

11. The type of mountain represented in the diagram was formed as a result of

A. faulting

B. folding

C. volcanicity

D. erosion. Q10,2006

12. The Atlas mountains were formed as a result of

A. faulting

B. erosion

C. folding

D. volcanicity. Q56,2007

13. Which one of the following groups of mountains in Africa are block mountains?

A. Atlas, Ruwenzori and Pare.

B. Ruwenzori, Drakensburg and Usambara.

C. Atlas, Pare and Drakensburg.

D. Pare, Usambara and Ruwenzori.
Q43,2008

14. Which one of the following mountains in Africa was formed as a result of faulting
A. Mt Kenya.

B. Mt Kilimanjaro.

C. The Atlas Mountains.

D. The Ruwenzori Mountains.
Q37,2010

 

Latitudes, longtudes and time

1. The latitude marked B is

A. Greenwich Meridian

B. Tropic of Cancer

C. The Equator

D. Tropic of Capricorn. Q44,2002 2.What is the time in Kigali on longitude 30° E when
it is 10:00 am in Accra on longitude 0°?

A. 8:00 am

B. 6:00 am

C. 2:00 am

D. 12:00 noon
Q15,2003

3. In which two of the following months is the sun overhead at the Equator?
A. December and May.

B. June and November.

C. March and September.

D. June and December. Q13,2004

overhead at the Equator?

A. March and September

B. June and September.

C. March and December,

D. June and December Q13,2009

 

Lakes

1. Most lakes in the Rift Valley of Kenya are salty because they
A. experience high rate of evaporation

B. are narrow

The position of Khartoum is C, are found in basins formed through faulting

A. latitude 16°N and longitude 33°E

B. latitude I6°N and longitude 33⁰ W

C. latitude 10°N and longitude 33°E

D. latitude 20°N and longitude 33°W.

 

 

 

Q26,2004

D. have few water plants.
Q49,2000

2. Below are statements about a lake in Kenya.

(i) It is a fresh water lake.

(ii) It is a source of a river.

5. What is the time in Alexandria on longitude 30°E when it is 9.00 am in Oran on longitude 0°?
A. 7.00 am.

B. 9.00 pm.

C. 11.00 am.

D. 1.00 pm. Q22,2007

6. To make a complete rotation on its axis, the earth takes

(iii) It is a major source of fish. The lake described above is
A. Lake Victoria

B. Lake Magadi

C. Lake Turkana

D. Lake Naivasha. Q21,2002

3. The true statement about the lake marked N is that it is

The lake marked L is

A. Lake Kyoga

B. Lake Albert

C. Lake Tanganyika

D. Lake Malawi. Q24.2006 5.The diagram below represents a type of a lake.

 

A. a fresh water lake

B. found in the Great Rift Valley

C. a home for flamingoes

D. the source of River Nyando Q30,2003

 

 

4.

The type of lake shown is

A. a man-made lake

B. an ox-bow lake

C. a crater lake

D. an oasis. Q51,2006

6. Water pollution in Lake Victoria is caused mainly

by

A. plants growing in the water

B. waste from factories in the area

C. people bathing in the lake

 

D. waste from nearby homes. Q57,2001

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. The vegetation of the shaded area marked R consists of
A. tall evergreen trees and little grass

B. scattered trees and tall grass

C. short trees and short grass

D. thorny trees and short grass. Q42,2002 2.Equatorial forests are evergreen because
A. they are found in areas with few pests that eat their leaves
B. they grow in lowland areas within the tropics

C. they grow in areas which receive heavy rainfall

D. they are found in flat areas with fertile soils

Q35,2003

The major crop grown in the region marked Q is

A. groundnuts

B. maize

C. tea

D. citrus fruits Q41,2004 4.Below are some characteristics of a type of
vegetation found in Africa.

(i) The trees are medium height,

(ii) The trees shed their leaves during the dry seasons.
(iii) Some trees are umbrella-shaped.

(iv) The vegetation is a mixture of grass and trees.
422

This vegetation is most likely to be found in

A. steep mountain slopes

B. equatorial coast lands

C. the Sahara desert

D. the Nyika plateau Q13,2006

 

5. Your class went on a study tour of an area whose

vegetation had the following characteristics:

(i) Scattered umbrella-shaped trees.

(ii) Large areas covered with grass.

(iii) Some thorny bushes and shrubs.

The vegetation found in the area that your class visited is

A Equatorial forest

B. Desert vegetation

C. Savanna vegetation

D. Coniferous forest. Q18,2007 6.Which one of the following is the main effect of
destruction of forests on the slopes of Mt. Kenya?

A. Reduced supply of firewood.

B. Reduced volume of water in rivers.

C. Shortage of timber for building.

D. Shortage of herbal medicine.
Q21,2008

 

7.Which group of characteristics shown below describes the equatorial vegetation?
A B

Very tall trees Very tall trees Trees with straight Trees with straight

C D Q20,2009

 

8. Your class went on a study tour of an area whose vegetation had the following characteristics:
(i) Scattered umbrella-shaped trees.

(ii) Large areas covered with grass.

(iii) Some thorny bushes and shrubs.

The vegetation found in the area that your class visited is

A Equatorial forest

B. Desert vegetation

C. Savanna vegetation

D. Coniferous forest. Q18, 2008

 

Rivers
1. Study the map of Eastern Africa below and answer questions 1
KT.Cin.Py.tEhRoErnVyISbIOusNhes

Plants with thick barks Short grass

Health moorland 423

 

31. Which one of the following explains why navigation along the river marked P is difficult?
A. The amount of water in the river changes from season to season.
B. The river has crocodiles and hippopotamuses.
C. The river has many bends.
D. The river has waterfalls and floating vegetation.
Q31,2000

2. The rivers marked S and T are

(i) It passes through a desert.

(ii) Its source is a freshwater lake.

(iii) It has a delta.

(iv) It provides water for irrigation The river described above is?
A. River Volta.

B. River Tana.

C. River Nile.

D. River Limpopo. Q36,2001

4. The river marked Q is

A. Cunene

B. Orange

C. Limpopo

D. Zambezi. Q28,2005

5. River Nile and River Niger have a common characteristic. It is that both rivers
A. originate from the same highlands

B. end in the Mediterranean Sea

C are navigable throughout the course

D. have a delta at the mouth.
Q40,2010

6. Which one of the following statements is true about the river marked L?

K.C.P.E REVISION 424

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. It originates from Mau Hills.

B. It crosses five provinces.

C. It supplies water for irrigation.

D. It is seasonal. Q20,2009

7. Below are statements about a river in Africa.

(i) It is navigable for some distance.

(ii) It enters the Atlantic Ocean.

(iii) It has many tributaries.

(iv) It forms a boundary between two countries. The river described above is
A. River Zambezi

B. River Nile

C. River Senegal

D. River Congo Q12,2003

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

425

Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C. It is found to the east of Somalia.
D. It lies to the west of the prime meridian.
Q40,2007

1. The Island marked P is

A. Zanzibar

B. Lamu

C. Madagascar

D. Comoros Q40,2004

Countries of Africa

1. The main method used by the Africans in Zimbabwe to attain their independence was
A. boycotting work

B. seeking support from neighbours

C. fighting guerilla warfare

D. negotiating with the colonialists.

2. Which one of the following islands is the largest?
A. Zanzibar.
B. Madagascar.
C. Mauritius.
D. Seychelles. Q13,2000

Rift valley

Q26, 2007

Effects of physical features

1. The diagram below represents a physical feature.
Use it to answer the question that follows.

1. Which one of the following is the least important benefit of Mt. Kenya?
A. It provides stones for building houses.

B. Its slopes have fertile soils for farming.

C. It helps in the formation of relief rainfall.

D. It is a tourist attraction. Q11, 2006

 

Compass

1. Which one of the following statements is true about the geographical position of Kenya?

A. It borders the Atlantic ocean.

B. It lies south of Sudan.

Fault Fault

 

The feature marked X is

A. A block mountain

K.C.P.E REVISION 426

B. A rift valley

C. An escarpment

D. A crater Q10, 2009

 

Rotation and Revolution

5. Countries in North Africa experience winter season

during the months of

A. December to February

B. March to May

C. June to August

 

1. Which one of the following planets is farthest from the Earth?
A. Mercury.
B. Mars.
C. Jupiter.

D. September to November.

Q39, 2010

D. Pluto. Q58,2000

2. In which one of the following months is the sun

overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn?

A. March.

B. December.

C. June.

D. September. Q47,2001

3. Day and Night are caused by

A. revolution of the earth

B. movement of the moon

C. movement of the sun

D. rotation of the earth Q58,2002

4. Different parts of the earth experience day and night at different times. This is caused by

A. the movement of the moon around the arth

B. the revolution of the earth around the sun

C. the movement of the sun from east to west

D. The rotation of the earth on its axis.

Q19, 2010

PEOPLE AND POPURATION

Language groups
1. Which one of the following Kenyan communities belong to the same language group?

A. Abagusii, Iteso, Akamba.
B. Somali, Aembu, Turkana.
C. Samburu, Pokomo, Tugen.

D. Abaluyia, Ameru, Taita Q9,2000

2. The Eastern Africa communities in the boxes below share a common origin.

 

Which one of the following communities is represented by letter Y in the box above?
A. Chagga.
B. Acholi.
C. Amhara.
D. Somali. Q17,2000
3. Which one of the following groups of Kenyan communities share a common origin?

K.C.P.E REVISION 427

The true statement about the communities listed above is that they
A. were the last communities to settle in Eastern Africa
B. migrated into Eastern Africa from the

A. B.

 

 

 

 

C. D. Q8,2001

4. Below are four communities found in Kenya.

(i) Mijikenda

(ii) Abakuria

(iii) Abagusii

(iv) Akamba

 

Which one of the following statements is true
about the communities listed above?

A. They belong to the same language group.

B. They occupy the highland region in Kenya.

C. They traded with the Arabs.

D. They were ruled by Kings. Q8,2002 5.Below are three communities in Eastern Africa
(i) Boran

(ii) Somali

(iii) Rendille

North East

C. migrated from the Central African region

D. first settled around Lake Turkana. Q16, 2003

6. Which one of the following groups of communities migrated and settled in West Africa during the pre-colonial period?

 

 

 

A. B. C. D.

Q39, 2003

7. Which one of the following communities in Kenya make up the Plain Nilotes?
A. B. C. D.

 

 

K.C.P.E REVISION 428

Q8, 2004

8. Below are three communities in Kenya:

(i) Ameru

(ii) Wadawida

(iii) Abagusii

 

Which one of the following statements is true about

these communities?

A. They are mainly pastoralists.

B. They traded with the Abaluhya.

C. They occupy the highland regions in Kenya.

D. They were ruled by kings Q39, 2004

E.

9. The Tigre and Amhara Communities live mainly in

A. Tanzania

B. Somalia

C. Uganda

D. Ethiopia. Q37, 2006

1. The main economic activities of the Mijikenda during the pre-colonial period were farming and

A. basket weaving

B. trading

C. iron smelting

D. hunting. Q10,2000

2. . Which of the following ways of interaction was most common between the Akamba and the Agikuyu during the pre-colonial period?
A. Intermarrying.
B. Raiding.
C. Trading.
D. Sporting. Q15,2000
3. Which one of the following Kenyan communities is correctly matched with its main economic activity during the colonial period?
Community Economic activity

A. Rendille trading

B. Ameru livestock keeping

C. Nandi hunting

D. Abagusii crop growing

17,2001

4. Which one of the following groups of commodities

B. Development of Swahili culture.

C. Construction of the Uganda railway.

D. Introduction of the Kipande system.
Q10,2002

6. During the pre-colonial period trade between the Agikuyu and their neighbours was promoted mainly by

A. demand for goods

B. support from community leaders

C. friendly relations with their neighbours

D. existence of reliable means of transport.

Q17,2002

7. Three of the following are results of the settlement of
the Masai into Kenya, Which one is not?

A. They displaced some communities they found.

B. They traded with other communities.

C. They copied some customs from the other

communities.

D. They taught other communities bark cloth making. Q17, 2003
8. During the pre-colonial period, African communities protected their homes against enemies mainly by

A. building stone walls around the homesteads

B. positioning armed warriors around the homesteads

C. using thorn fences around the homesteads

D. digging trenches around the homesteads

Q36, 2004

A. Formation of Kingdoms in the area.

B. Displacement of the Dorobo from the area.

C. Introduction of cash crop farming in the area.

D. Outbreak of diseases in the area. Q15, 2005

Population growth and distribution

1. A common characteristic about the population of India and Kenya is that in both countries the
A. birth rate is low
B. majority of the people are young
C. death rate is low
D. majority of the people are old. Q56,2000
2. The Age-Sex pyramid below describes the population of a country in Eastern Africa.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following statements is true according to the information in the diagram above?
A. There are more males than females at all

9.Which one of the following was a result of the settlement of the Bantu in the area around Mount

ages.

B. The percentage of male and female at

Kenya during the pre-colonial period?

ages 46-60 is equal.

C. There are more male children being born than females.
D. A high percentage of the population is made up of young people Q50,2002
3. Registration of deaths of people in Kenya is important because
A. it enables the government to know the most

common diseases that kill people

B. it enables the government to have records
for

future planning

C. it enables doctors to know the medicines that are effective in controlling diseases
D. it enables people to know the hospitals that provide good services. Q59,2002
4. The population of Kenya is increasing at a high rate because
A. some men marry several wives

B. there is improved medical care

C. there is enough food in the country

D. having many children earns one respect

Q20, 2003

5. The main reason why people in Kenya are counted every ten years is to

A. find out the number of children who have been born
B. know the number of people living in different parts of the country

C. find out the number of people who have died

D. get information required for planning for the needs of the people
Q51, 2004

6. Which one of the following statements is true about the population of both Kenya and India?

A. It is mainly made up of old people.

B. The rate of population increase is low.

C. Most people live in towns.

D. It is mainly made up of young people.

Q35, 2005

7. The highland areas of Kenya have high population density because

A. there is enough pasture for livestock

B. there is enough space for settlement

C. the climate is warm

D. the soils are fertile. Q40, 2005

5. The Eastern Bantu dispersed from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period mainly because
A. the area became dry

B. they fought among themselves

C. there was an outbreak of diseases

D. they were attacked by the Galla.
Q20,2008

 

8. Which one of the following statements explains why

there are few roads in the northern parts of Kenya?

A. The area has sparse population.

B. The area is generally rocky.

C. The area has many hills.

D. The area has many wild animals. Q48, 2006

9. Which one of the following factors has led to a decline in the rate of population growth in Kenya?

age

0-14 years.

A. Improved medical facilities.

B. Improved methods of food production.

C. Increase in the incidents of early marriages.
D. Increase in awareness of advantages of fewer children. Q50,
2006
10. The Age-sex pyramid below represents the population of Germany.
AGE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following statements is true
about the population according to the pyramid?

A. Most of the population is over 55 years.

B. There are more males than females at all ages.

C. There are more female than male children at

D. The number of males and females who are over 85 years are equal.
Q39, 2007

 

11. The main problem resulting from rapid population growth in the rural areas in Kenya is that it has led to
A. shortage of land for agriculture

B. reduction of areas under forest

C. increased soil erosion

D. inadequate water for domestic use. Q57, 2007
12. Which one of the following would be the best way of controlling rapid population growth in towns in Kenya?

A. By improving social services in rural areas.

B. By creating employment opportunities in rural areas.

C. By setting up family planning clinics in towns.

D. By advising the youth in towns to avoid marrying early.
Q45, 2008

13. In Kenya, a national population census is carried out after a period of

A. 10 years

B. 8 years

C. 5 years

D. 1 year Q42, 2009

 

Migration

K.C.P.E REVISION 432

1. The people who migrated into Kenya from Southern Ethiopia using the route marked R are
A. Nilotes
B. Bantu
C. Cushites
D. Semites. Q32,2000
2. The main cause of rural-rural migration in Kenya is

A. lack of water

B. search for land for settlement

C. search for employment

D. outbreak of diseases. Q20,2001

3. Arabs came to the Kenyan coast before 1500 AD

mainly to

A. spread Islam

B. escape religious persecution

C. trade with the local people

D. explore the area. Q24,2001

4. Three of the following were results of the migration of the Cushites into Eastern Africa. Which one was not?
A. Movement of some communities out of the area.
B. Introduction of plantation farming in the area.

C. Intermarriage with other communities in the area.

D. Development of trade with the communities in the area. Q18,2002
5. One of the ways through which the Government
of Kenya is attempting to reduce rural-urban migration is by
A. discouraging people from moving to towns

B. improving education and health services in rural areas

C. encouraging the establishment of industries in the rural areas
D. restricting the establishment of new towns

in rural areas
Q27,2003

6. From which direction did the Bantu enter into Eastern Africa?
A. The South.

B. The North.

C. The East

D. The West. Q24, 2004

 

7. Which one of the following gives the correct order in which the ancestors of the Luo came to Kenya?

A. Joka-Jok, Joka-Omolo, Joka-Owiny.

B. Joka-Omolo, Joka-Jok, Joka-Owiny.

C. Joka-Owiny, Joka-Omolo, Joka-Jok.

D. Joka-Jok, Joka-Owiny, Joka-Omolo Q45, 2004.

8. Which one of the following is the main reason why the
Somali migrated into Kenya during the pre-colonial period?
A. For adventure.

B. To look for pasture for their animals.

C. To escape from external attacks.

D. To avoid family quarrels. Q9, 2005

9. Which one of the following Kenyan communities is
correctly matched with its place of origin?
Community Place of origin

K.C.P.E REVISION 433

A. Luo – Southern Sudan.
B. Marakwet – Ethiopian Highlands.
C. Rendille – Taita Hills.
D. Wadawida – Mount Elgon. Q21, 2005
10. Which one of the following would be the best way of

controlling rural-urban migration in Kenya?

A. Encouraging setting up of industries in the rural areas.
B. Advising the unemployed people to stay in the rural areas.
C. Providing free food to people in the rural areas

D. Providing free primary education in the rural areas. Q39, 2005

 

Which one of the following routes did the River- Lake Nilotes follow when they were migrating into Kenya during the pre-colonial period?
A. Route 1.

B. Route 2.

C. Route 3.

D. Route 4. Q22, 2006

11. Which one of the following factors least explains

why the Bantu migrated from their original homeland into Eastern Africa?

A. Spirit of adventure.

B. Search for fertile land.

C. Population pressure.

D. Attacks by other communities. Q8, 2007

12.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which one of the following language groups migrated into Kenya along the route marked H?

A. Bantus.

B. Cushites.

C. River-Lake Nilotes.

K.C.P.E REVISION 434

D. Plains Nilotes Q17, 2009 13.The original homeland of the Bantu was
A. The horn of Africa

B. Bah-el-Ghazal

C The Congo Basin

D. Arabian Peninsula Q8, 2010

14.

A. Homo Erectus —> Homo Habilis —> Homo Sapiens.
B. Homo Sapiens —> Homo Habilis —> Homo Erectus.

C. Homo Habilis —> Homo Erectus —» Homo Sapiens.
D. Homo Habilis —» Homo Sapiens —» Homo Erectus.

Q9, 2007

2. The pre-historic site marked R is

A. Koobi Fora

B. Olorgesailie

C. Fort Ternan

D. Kariandusi.
Q31, 2010

 

 

 

 

 

The language group that entered Kenya from the direction the arrow marked S during the pre-colonial period was
A. Plains Nilotes

B. Cushitic speakers

C. River Lake Nilotes

D. Bantu speakers. Q32, 2010

 

Evolution of man
1.Which one of the following gives the correct order of the evolution of Early Man?

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
ACTIVITIES
Cultural aspects
1. Below are some cultural practices of a community in Kenya.
(i) the people decorate themselves with red ochre
(ii) their main food consists of animal products
(iii) women build huts for the family The community whose culture practices are described above is the
A. Ameru
B. Abakuria

K.C.P.E REVISION 435

C. Giriama
D. Maasai. Q18,2000
2. Which one of the following was the main duty of diviners in Africa before the coming of Europeans?
A. Settling disputes among members of the community.

B. Allocating land to members of the community.

C. Leading the warriors to fight their enemies.

D. Telling the community what would happen in future.

Q22,2000

3. Initiations were important in traditional African societies mainly because they
A. marked the passage from one stage of life to another
B. brought people together to share ideas
C. gave people a chance to show their dancingskills
D. enabled the youth to choose their marriage partners.

C. Playing hide and seek.

D. Playing football. Q22, 2003

 

7. Which one of the following is not a reason why songs and stories were used to teach the youth in traditional African Communities?
A. To entertain them.

B. To help them remember what they had learnt.

C. To bring them together.

D. To make them develop interest in learning.

Q59, 2003

8. Which one of the following stages shows the correct order of becoming an elder in traditional African communities?

Q23,2000

4. In traditional African societies festivals and ceremonies were held mainly for people to
A. meet their friends

B. eat special food

C. mark major events

D. display their talents. Q9,2002

5. For a Masai youth to become a warrior he has to
A. undergo circumcision

B. be baptised

C. be married

D. own property Q21, 2003 6.Which one of the following is not a recreational
activity in traditional African communities?

A. Dancing.

B. Wrestling.

A. Initiation —> marriage —> warrior ——> elder.

B. Warrior —> marriage —>initiation —> elder.

C. Warrior —> initiation —> marriage —> elder.

D. Initiation —> warrior —> marriage —> elder.

Q18, 2004

 

9. Among the Agikuyu, people who were initiated together formed

A. a sub-tribe

B. a clan

C. a generation
D. an age-group Q33, 2004 10.The reason why naming ceremonies were held
among the traditional African communities was that they

A. provided an opportunity for clan members to eat together

B. provided an opportunity for people to dance

C. provided an opportunity for people to meet their friends

D. provided an opportunity for the baby to be received into the clan
Q37, 2004

11. During the pre-colonial period, the youth learnt to be good citizens mainly by

A. taking part in community affairs.

B. listening to stories.

C. imitating elders.

D. watching traditional ceremonies. Q49, 2004

12. In traditional African societies, the people who could foretell future events were called

A. witch-doctors

B. diviners

C. rainmakers

D. Sorcerers Q50,
2004

13. Traditional healers wore special charms in order to

A. display their skills to the customers

B. make themselves look beautiful

C. preserve rare items of the community.

D. protect themselves from danger. Q10, 2005

10. Which one of the following occasions brought people of different ages together in most African communities
during the pre-colonial period?

A. Burial ceremonies.

B. Cleansing ceremonies.

C. Marriage ceremonies.

D. Oathing ceremonies. Q9, 2005
14. In which one of the following ways is a person likely

to be infected with HIV and AIDS?

 

A. By sharing injection needles with an infected person.
B. By shaking hands with an infected person.

C. By sharing clothes with an infected person.

D. By playing games with an infected person.

Q14, 2006

15. Which one of the following statements is true
about

clans in traditional African societies?

A. They were headed by wealthy people.

B. They were formed by people from the same age group.
C. They were made up of people with a common ancestor.
D. They were made up of warriors.

Q27,
2006

 

16.. The main reason for teaching moral laws to the youth is to
A. encourage them to support one another

B. guide them on how to choose marriage partners
C. enable them to learn their traditions

D. enable them to acquire responsible behaviour. about

 

2007

Q11,

education in traditional African societies?

A. Learners read books about great people in the

17. The main reason why wife inheritance should be discouraged in Kenya is because it leads to
A. spread of HIV and AIDS

B. increased population

C. immoral behaviour

D. misuse of family resources. Q49, 2007

18. In traditional African societies, the youth were taught moral laws mainly to

A. promote unity among themselves

B. show kindness to other people

C. grow into respectable adults
D. become courageous Q8, 2009 19.Nzau, a primary school pupil assisted an elderly
lady to cross a busy road. The behaviour by Nzau should be encouraged in the society because it

A. promotes courage among children

B. shows that children love old people

C. makes old people live longer

D. is a sign of respect for old people. Q55, 2010

 

The school
1. The most effective way of ensuring discipline in a school is by
A. making rules to govern the school
B. promoting communication among people in the school
C. punishing those who break school rules
D. giving the pupils freedom to do what they wish.
Q47,2000

2. Which one of the following statements is true

society.

B. Learners were given written tests regularly.

C. Learning took place throughout a person’s life.

D. Learning took place in classrooms.

Q19,2001

3. Traditional education was important mainly
because

it enabled the youth to

A. interact with adult members of the society

B. learn about great people in the society

C. prepare for adult roles in the society

D. learn the secrets of the society Q19,2002

4. The best way to prepare pupils to be useful members of society is by
A. punishing them when they make mistakes

B. encouraging them to read many books

C. encouraging them to participate in community activities
D. involving them in sports and games.

Q51,2002

5. The best way to make pupils obey school rules is by
A. involving them in making school rules.

B. asking the parents to talk to pupils who break school rules.
C. encouraging pupils to talk to each other freely.

K.C.P.E REVISION 438

D. putting up the rules on the school noticeboard.

Q60, 2003

6. The main function of a school in Kenya is to

A. pass knowledge and skills to pupils

B. guide and counsel pupils

C. enable pupils to mix freely
D. prepare pupils for adulthood. Q36, 2004 7.The role of the headteacher in the school
committee is to

A. provide security during meetings of the committee

B. chair the meetings of the committee

C. write minutes when the committee is meeting

D. decide who should be a committee member

Q46, 2004

8. Three of the following are ways through which the

youth were taught in traditional Kenyan societies. Which one is not?
A. Reading and writing.

B. Singing and dancing.

C. Telling of stories and riddles.

D. Reciting poems and proverbs. Q25, 2006

9. One of the roles of prefects in school management is to

A. prepare the school timetable

B. keep pupils progress records

C. take part in school committee meetings
D. take care of school property. Q15, 2007 10.You have noticed that your friend Kefa has
started

smoking. What would be the best action for you
to

take in order to help him stop the behaviour?

A. Take away the cigarettes from him.

B. Talk to him about its effects.

C. Advise him to see a doctor.

D. Avoid his company. Q23 , 2007

Standard VIII prefect finds her two classmates

quarrelling in class. The right action for the prefect to take is to

A. ignore the pupils

B. punish the pupils

C. send the pupils out of class

D. discuss the issue with the pupils. Q30, 2008

12. The best way to ensure that the school is kept clean all the time is by

A. organizing weekly cleaning days

B. educating pupils on the importance of cleanliness.
C. providing dust bins for throwing rubbish.

D. Employing workers to collect waste papers.

 

Q21, 2009

13. Aku, your classmate, has been performing poorly in class because she learnt that her parents are HIV positive. Which one of the following is the best action for you to take to help Aku?

A. Advice her to seek counseling services.

B. Encourage her to work hard

C. Advise her to drop out of school.

D. Encourage her to pray about the problem.

Q30, 2009

 

14. Which one of the following is a role of the School

Management Committee in public primary schools in
Kenya?

A. To distribute text books to pupils.

B. To punish pupils tor missing school.

C. To supervise teachers.
D. To build classrooms Q49, 2009 15.The best way through which prefects can help the
other pupils to become responsible citizens is by

A. setting examples of good behaviour for others to copy

B. punishing those who misbehave in school

C. telling pupils to behave well

D. giving presents to those who behave well

Q57, 2009

16. Below are duties of a school administrator.

(i) To monitor teacher’s class attendance.

(ii) To write minutes during staff meetings.

(iii) To maintain discipline in the school. The duties described above are performed by
A. the school prefect

B. the headteacher

C. the deputy headteacher

D. the school committee chairperson.

Q11,2010

Family
1. In traditional Kenyan society polygamy was accepted because
A. it was a way of controlling population growth

B. it was a way of reducing immorality

C. it was a way of controlling infectious diseases

D. it was a sign of prestige Q12,2001

2. Drug abuse is discouraged mainly because it

A. leads to ill-health

B. promotes illegal trade

C. pollutes the environment

D. encourages corruption. Q23,2001

3. Which one of the following groups represents a single

parent family?

A. Father, daughter, son.

B. Father, mother, son.

C. Father, nephew, daughter.

D. Father, daughter, niece. Q8, 2005

4. Children are expected to take part in family duties because
A. it prepares them for future roles

B. it promotes their physical development

C. it is a sign of respect for their parents

D. it helps them develop courage Q30, 2006
3. Tamaru is a sister to Mbeya. Tamaru has a son called Ndavi while Mbeya has a daughter called Maria. To Ndavi, Maria is a

A. niece

B. cousin

C. nephew

D. sister. Q16, 2007

5. In traditional African communities, the basic unit of social organization was
A. the family

B. the clan

C. the age-group
D. the warriors. Q36, 2008 5.Which one of the following groups of people belong
to a nuclear family?

A. Father, daughter, son.

B. Mother, son. Grandfather

C. Father, son, uncle.

D. Grandmother, father, daughter. Q15, 2009

6. In Kenya, civil marriages are conducted by

A. A magistrate

B. A councilor

C. A clan elder

D. A religious leader Q54, 2009
7. Which one of the following marriages is presided over by the District Commissioner’?
A. Civil marriage.

B. Christian marriage.

C. Customary marriage.
D. Islamic marriage. Q34, 2010 8.Which one of the following groups of people
represent single parent family?

A. Mother, daughter, son.

B. Father, mother, son.

C. Mother, son, nephew.

D. Father, daughter, niece. Q52, 2010

 

Traditional education
1. Below are ways of acquiring skills of treating the sick:

(i) By getting information from books.

(ii) By observing how sick people are treated.

(iii) By learning how to make herbal medicine.

(iv) By practicing how to inject sick people.

(v) By working with experienced healers.

 

Which one of the following combinations is made up of ways that traditional healers acquired their skills.

A. (i) (ii) and (iii)

B. (ii) (iii) and (v)

C. (ii) (iv) and (v)

D. (i) (iii) and (iv). Q40, 2008

 

2. Which one of the following was the main reason why proverbs were used in teaching the youth in traditional African communities?
A. To guide the youth on how to behave.

B. To keep the youth busy during their free time.

C. To help the youth develop skills in speaking.

D. To teach the youth about past events.

Q46,2008

3. Three of the following skills were taught through apprenticeship in African traditional societies. Which one was not?

A Harvesting of honey.

B. Treating the sick.

C. Collecting firewood.

D. Hunting for wild animals. Q38, 2010

 

Clan system.

1. Which one of the following groups of people share a
common ancestor in traditional Agikuyu community?

A. Njau, his brothers, his sisters.

B. Njau, his mother, his father.

C. Njau, his wife, his brothers.

D. Njau, his uncle, his mother.
Q18,2001

2. In traditional African societies festivals and ceremonies were held mainly for people to
A. meet their friends

B. eat special food

C. mark major events

D. display their talents. Q9,2002

 

3. Which one of the following was a function of clan elders in traditional African Communities?

A. To provide food to needy families.

B. To treat the sick members of the community.

C. To educate the youth about their culture.
D. To protect the land against invaders.

Q53, 2010

 

RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC CTIVITIES

Development projects

1. . Which one of the following groups of rivers in Africa is used for the production of hydro-electric power?

Q19,2000

1. The most common problem facing dams in Africa is
A. frequent flooding

B. floating vegetation

C. collection of silt in the dams

D. concentration of settlements around the dams

Q11, 2003

2. The main reason for establishing the Volta River project in Ghana was to
A. produce hydro-electric power

B. improve transport

C. provide water for irrigation

D. promote fishing Q22, 2004 3.Which one of the following dams in Africa is

correctly matched with the river on which it is located?
Dam River

A. Kariba dam River Tana

B. Akosombo dam River Zambezi

C. Aswan High dam River Nile

D. Masinga dam River Volta Q55, 2006

4.

6. The multi-purpose project found in the place marked

L is the

A. Aswan High Dam

B. Owen falls Dam

C. Akosombo Dam

D. Karibama D. Q21 2007

7. Use the map of Africa below to answer questions 7

 

 

 

The dam marked P was built mainly to

A. provide water for irrigation

B. create a lake for fishing

C. provide hydro-electric power

D. control floods. Q23, 2008

5. Which one of the following dams in Africa is correctly matched with the river on which it is located?
Dam River

A. Kariba – Zambezi

B. Kindaruma – Nile
C. Aswan – Volta
D. Akosombo – Tana Q18, 2010

 

40. The development project marked A is

A. High Aswan Dam

B. River Tana Project

C. Volta River Scheme

D. Kerio Valley Project. Q402002

Irrigation farming

K.C.P.E REVISION 443

1. Which one of the following statements is true of rice growing in Kenya? Rice is
A. mainly grown under irrigation.
B. harvested by the use of machines.
C. mainly grown for export.
D. grown by large scale farmers. Q12,2000
2. Which one of the following is the main crop grown in the Ahero irrigation scheme?
A. Tomatoes.

B. Cotton.

C. Rice.

D. Onions. Q43,2000

3. Which one of the following statements is true about growing of bananas in Uganda? Bananas
A. are grown for subsistence.
B. were introduced by the British.
C. are mainly grown in the northern part of the country.
D. are mainly grown for export. Q25,2001
4. Mwea-Tebere and Ahero irrigation schemes have one factor in common. It is that they
A. were set up during the colonial days

B. are supplied with water from lakes

C. are used for rice growing

D. were used to settle freedom fighters.
Q12,2002

5. Which one of the following rivers in Kenya is correctly matched with the irrigation scheme to which it supplies water?
River Irrigation Scheme

A. River Nyamindi Mwea

B. River Turkwel Ahero
C. River Nyando Perkerra

D. River Yala Bura

Q23, 2003

6. Three of the following are benefits resulting from setting up of Perkerra Irrigation Scheme. Which one is not?

A. It has led to establishment of industries.

B. It has provided employment opportunities.

C. It has increased food production.

D. It has been used to settle the landless. Q50, 2008.
7. Three of the following are problems experienced by farmers in Mwea-Tebere irrigation Scheme. Which one is not?

A. Silting of canals.

B. Water-borne diseases.

C. Destruction of crops by birds.

D. Shortage of rice seeds. Q28, 2009

 

Livestock farming
1. The government of Kenya is promoting modern methods of livestock farming among pastoral communities mainly to
A. ensure proper use of available pastures
B. improve the standard of living of the people
C. increase the supply of meat in the country
D. improve the quality of livestock breeds.
Q21,2000

 

2. The main problem facing beef farming in Kenya is

A. inadequate market

B. scarcity of water

C. pests and diseases

D. attacks by wild animals. Q15,2001

K.C.P.E REVISION 444

3. Which one of the following factors explains why the Turkana practise nomadic pastoralism?
A. They own large numbers of animals.

B. They live in an area that receives little rainfall.

C. They have a liking for adventure.

D. They lack land for growing crops. Q37,2001

4. Which one of the following reasons best explains why the Fulani of Nigeria practise nomadic

pastoralism?

A. Availability of large tracts of land.

B. Search for pasture for their animals.

C. Need to control animal diseases.

D. Search for markets for their animals.

Q38,2002

5. Which one of the following is the main reason why the Fulani of Northern Nigeria keep large herds of cattle?
A. Large herds provide security against loss of cattle through disease.
B. The Fulani have extensive grazing lands in Northern Nigeria.
C. Cattle are the community’s source of food.

D. Cattle are regarded as a sign of wealth.

Q26, 2003

6. The central part of Tanzania is unsuitable for dairy farming mainly because the area

A. receives inadequate rainfall

B. is sparsely populated

C. has infertile soils

D. is infested with tsetse flies Q23, 2004

7. In which one of the following ways have the Maasai pastoralists benefited from government support?
A. They are given money to buy animal feeds during the dry season
B. Towns have been built in the grazing areas to provide market.
C. Wild animals have been removed to create more

land for grazing.

D. Bore holes have been drilled to provide water in the grazing areas. Q33, 2006

OO 30⁰ E
ORAN
ALEXANDRIA

 

 

 

OO 30⁰ E

 

 

 

 

 

 

The main economic activity carried out in the shaded area marked K is

A mining

K.C.P.E REVISION 445

B. tourism

C. crop growing

D. nomadic pastoralism. Q20, 2007

Crop farming
1. One of the problems facing coffee farming in Tanzania is
A. shortage of seedlings
B. lack of markets
C. frequent flooding
D. attacks by pests and diseases. Q16,2000
2. Which one of the following statements is true about growing of bananas in Uganda? Bananas
A. are grown for subsistence.
B. were introduced by the British.
C. are mainly grown in the northern part of the country.
D. are mainly grown for export.
Q25,2000
3. Which one of the following is the main problem facing sugarcane farmers in Western Kenya?
A. Lack of land to expand their farms.

B. Lack of labour during harvesting.

C. Delayed payment for sugarcane delivered to factories.
D. Lack of storage facilities for sugarcane in the factories. Q16,2001
4. Which one of the following statements explains why farmers in the Kenya highlands grow most of the tea in small scale farms?
A. There is a scarcity of land to establish large farms.
B. It is expensive to establish large farms.

C. There are too few labourers to work on large

farms.

D. There are too few factories to process tea from large farms. Q50,2001
5. Which one of the following statement is true about coffee growing in Kenya and Uganda? In both countries coffee is
A grown mainly through irrigation

B. grown mainly in lowland areas

C. grown mainly for export Q27,2002

6. Three of the following factors promote the growing of maize in Tran-Nzoia district. Which one does not?
A. Adequate means of transport.

B. Availability of water for irrigation.

C. Availability of market.

D. Adequate supply of labour. Q52,2002 7.Bananas are sometimes grown in the same farms
with coffee in Uganda because

A. there is little land for growing the crops separately
B. they provide shade for coffee trees

C. they make the soils more fertile

D. they reduce the pests that attack coffee trees

Q33,2003

8. Which one of the following statements is true about bananas in Somalia? They are

A. grown on small scale

B. an important export crop

C. the staple food

D. an indigenous crop Q21,2004

K.C.P.E REVISION 446

9. Flowers are exported by air mainly because they?

A. are light in weight

B. get spoilt easily

C. are in high demand

D. fetch high prices Q38,2004

 

10. The main problem that has contributed to the decline in coffee production in Kenya is

A. low payments to farmers

B. lack of domestic market

C. competition from other coffee growing countries
D. scarcity of land for growing the crop.

Q13,2005

11. The horticultural crops that are grown in Kenya
mainly for export are

A. bananas and oranges

B. flowers and French beans

C. mangoes and avocados
D. onions and pineapples. Q32,2005 12.Which one of the following statements is true
about

farming in Kenya during the pre-colonial period?

A. Fertilizer was used in the growing of crops.

B. Most crops were grown for sale.

C. Communities practised shifting cultivation.

A. It is cheap to produce.

B. It is exported to earn foreign exchange.

C. It is grown to feed animals.

D. It is the staple food for the people.
Q48,2005 14.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The cash crop grown in the shaded area marked K is

15. Which one of the following statements is true
about the areas where wheat is grown?

A. The areas have clay soils.

B. The areas have low altitude.

C. The areas experience high temperatures.

D. The areas receive moderate rainfall.
Q44,2006

16. Which one of the following methods of irrigation is used in the Ahero Irrigation Scheme?
A. Canal irrigation.

B. Overhead irrigation.

C. Sprinkler irrigation.

D. Trickle irrigation. Q13,2007.

17. Which one of the following groups consists of crops

grown in Kenya during the pre-colonial period?

A. Cassava and sorghum.

B. Rice and sisal.

C. Wheat and coffee.

D. Tea and sugarcane Q32,2007

18. The following are conditions necessary for growing a cash crop in Africa.
(i) High temperatures throughout the year.

(ii) Deep well-drained fertile soils.

(iii) Shelter from strong winds.

(iv) High rainfall throughout the year.

The crop that requires the conditions listed above is

A. cocoa

B. sisal

C. pyrethrum

D. tea. Q35,2007

19. The following are farming practices in Africa.

(i) Using the land communally

(ii) Use of simple tools

(iii) Ploughing along the contours

(iv) Leaving the land fallow

(v) Growing crops on large farms

Which one of the following combination of farming practices applies to shifting cultivation?

 

 

Q45,2007

20. Which one of the following statements is true
about

horticultural farming in both Kenya and the Netherlands? In both countries
A. crops are grown on plantations

B. farmers grow crops in green houses

C. crops are grown on reclaimed land

D. most of the work is done using machines. B

21. Which one of the following groups of crops in Kenya is grown mainly in plantations?

 

B

C D

K.C.P.E REVISION 448

C. Safe

D. Comfortable.
Q41,2009

 

Q38’2008

 

22. Most of the horticultural products from Kenya are exported by
A. air

B. water

C. road
D. railway. Q57,2008 23.Horticultural farming in Kenya is different from
that in the Netherlands in that

A. horticultural cooperatives are better organized in Kenya than in the Netherlands

B. Kenya has a wider local market than the Netherlands
C. Farming is less mechanized in Kenya than in the Netherlands
D. there are more horticultural farms in Kenya than in the Netherlands.

Q29,2009

24. Which one of the following cash crops is commonly grown in Zanzibar?

A. Cocoa.

B. Sugarcane.

C. Cloves.

D. Pyrethrum.
Q39,2009

25. Fresh flowers from Kenya are exported to Europe by air because air transport is

A. fast

B. Cheap
K.C.P.E REVISION

26.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The main economic activity carried out in the shaded area marked Q is

A. mining

C. bee keeping

B. pastoralism

D. crop farming Q30,2010

 

Trade

1. Countries of Eastern Africa have formed regional co-operations in order to
449

A. have one leader for the region

B. promote intermarriages in the region

C. have the same education system in the region

D. promote trade in the region.
Q36,2002
2. Which one of the following factors has greatly undermined trade between the countries of
Eastern

Africa?

A. Inadequate transport links.

B. Lack of a common language.

C. Use of different currencies.

D. Political instability in some countries.
Q53,2003

3. Which one of the following countries is a member of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)?
A. Chad.

B. Ethiopia.

C. Libya.

D. Nigeria. Q55,2005

3. Which one of the following was the reason why COMESA was established?
A. To introduce a common currency for the member states.
B. To expand the border towns in the region.

C. To promote the use of a common language in the region.

4. Which one of the following is the main benefit the West African countries have gained as members of the Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS)?

A. Expansion of trade.

B. Increased production of cash crops.

C. Promotion of free movement of people in the region.
D. Expansion of manufacturing industries in the region.

Q17,2007

 

5. The main problem limiting trade among African countries is that
A. they use different national languages

B. they have poor transport links

C. they use different currencies

D. they produce similar goods.
Q42,2008

6. Thika has grown to an important town mainly
because

A . it has tourist attractions

B. it has many industries

C. it has high population

D. it has a railway line. Q48,2008

 

7. Which one of the following communities is correctly matched with the commodity they traded in during the pre-colonial period?

D. To remove import duties on trade goods from member states.
Q58,2006.
K.C.P.E REVISION 450

Community Items of trade

A. Maasai Grains

B. Akamba Wood carvings

C. AgikuyuSoap stones

D. Abagusii Red ochre Q16,2009

 

8. The main reason why Common Market For Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) was established was to

A. promote trade among member states

B. fight against the spread HIV and AIDS

C facilitate free movement of people within member states
D. expand transport network in the region

Q26,2010

 

 

 

 

CO-OPERATIVES
1. Which one of the following is the main function of agricultural co-operative societies in Kenya?
A. Marketing of produce for the members

B. Buying farm implements for the members.

C. Assisting the members to learn good farming methods.
D. Building schools for the members’ children.

Q14,2001

2. Which one of the following is the main problem facing co-operatives in Kenya?
A. Many people are unwilling to join the cooperatives.
B. A large number of members are illiterate.

C. Members contribute little amounts of money to
\

the co-operatives.

D. Money contributed by members is sometimes misused. Q54,2002
3. The main problem facing agricultural cooperative societies in Kenya is
A. lack of transport

B. shortage of land

C. pests and diseases

D. mismanagement of resources Q23,2003 2.Which one of the following is a function of Kenya
Cooperative Creameries (KCC)?

A. Training veterinary officers.

B. Marketing milk for farmers.

C. Treating dairy animals.

D. Licensing farmers to sell milk. Q25,2004 4.Which one of the following is a benefit of agricultural
cooperative societies to the members in Kenya?

A. Providing labour in the farms.

B. Licensing farmers to start businesses.

C. Marketing the farm produce.

D. Settling the farmers who are landless.
Q49,2005

5. The main problem experienced by agricultural cooperative societies in Kenya is
A. delays in the delivery of farm inputs

B. inadequate transport facilities

C. illiteracy among the members

D. mismanagement of funds. Q49,2006

K.C.P.E REVISION 451

Q60,2002

6. Which one of the following statements is true
about the areas where wheat is grown?

A. The areas have clay soils.

B. The areas have low altitude.

C. The areas experience high temperatures.

D. The areas receive moderate rainfall.
Q44,2007

 

Transport

1. Which one of the following is the safest point for a pedestrian to cross a busy road?
A. At a junction.

B. At a bend.

C. At a footbridge.

D. At a roundabout. Q52,2001

2. The most commonly used means of transport between Eastern African countries is

A. air transport

B. road transport

C. water transport

D. railway transport. Q30,2002

3. The main reasons why there are many accidents on Kenyan roads is because
A. there are many vehicles in the country

B. the roads are used by many pedestrians

C. many roads in the country are narrow

D. many drivers ignore traffic rules.

4. The green sign of a person on the traffic control lights indicate that
A. vehicles should continue moving

B. vehicles can get ready to move

C. pedestrians can cross the road

D. pedestrians should wait before crossing the road

Q24,2003

5. The best way of reducing road accidents in Kenya is by
A. building more roads to lessen traffic congestion

B. educating people continuously on how to use roads
C. punishing those who break traffic rules

D. putting up more road signs. Q30,2005

6. In traditional African societies, goods were transported using
A. vehicles

B. trains

C. animals

D. bicycles. Q49,2010

7. The main problem facing road transport in Kenya is that

A. the roads are costly to construct

B. vehicles cause air pollution

C. some roads are impassable during the wet season

D. vehicles are driven carelessly.
Q59,2010

8. Which one of the following was the main reason

why the British built the Uganda railway?

A. To stop slave trade in the interior.

B. To transport soldiers to the interior.

C. To transport goods to the coast.

D. To promote the spread of Christianity.
Q37,2008

 

Tourism and wildlife
1. What tourist attraction is common to the shaded areas
marked P and Q?

A. Sporting facilities

B. Wildlife

C. Historical sites

D. Mountains Q29,2003

 

2. The main tourist attraction along the coast of Kenya is
A. wildlife
B. sandy beaches
C. mangrove forests
D. peoples culture. Q24,2000
3. The main benefit of tourism to Kenya is that it

A. promotes good relations between Kenya other countries
B. earns foreign exchange for the country

C. encourages the improvement of roads

D. promotes the building of hotels. Q50,2000

4. The main tourist attraction in East African countries is
A. culture of the people

B. pre-historic sites

C. various types of wildlife

D. various types of landscape Q35,2002 5.The main benefit of tourism to Kenya is that it

A. encourages the development of industries in
the

country

B. earns the country foreign exchange

C. encourages conservation of the environment

D. provides employment opportunities.
Q47,2005

6.Which one of the following statements is true about Tourist attraction Country
Lake Bogoria? A. Pyramids – Egypt
A. It has hot springs. B. Gedi Ruins – South Africa
B. It is a source of minerals. C. Victoria Falls – Kenya
C. It provides water for irrigation. D. Sandy beaches – Zimbabwe
D. It is used for fishing. Q38,2006 Q48,2009

8. Which one of the following is the best way through which the Government of Kenya can attract more tourists into the country?
A. By training more tour guides.

B. By advertising the country abroad.

C. By establishing more game parks.

D. By passing strict laws against poaching.
Q52,2006

11. Tourism is important to Kenya mainly because it

A. earns foreign exchange for the country

B. promotes international understanding

C. leads to expansion of transport network

D. encourages protection of wildlife.
Q44,2010

 

 

2. Which one of the following minerals is correctly matched with the country in Africa where it is mined for export?
Mineral Country

A. Gold South Africa

B. Oil Tanzania

C. Copper Nigeria

D. Diamonds Uganda Q38,2001

3. One of the uses of Soda ash is to make
A. cement

B. washing soap

C. plastics

D. roofing materials. Q14,2002

4. Below are statements about a mineral mined in Tanzania
(i) It is used to make sharp instruments.

(ii) It is used to make ornaments.

(iii) it is one of the country’s major exports. The mineral described above is
A. copper

B. limestone

C. diatomite

D. diamond. Q28,2002

5. The mineral obtained from the area marked W is used for the manufacture of
A. cement

B. glass

C. soap

D. Salt Q31,2003

6. The mineral mined at the place marked T is

A. fluorspar

B. oil

C. gold

D. Copper Q44,2004

7. Below are statements about a mineral in Kenya

(i) it is white in appearance.

(ii) it is mined on the floor of the rift valley

(iii) it is used as a water filter.

The mineral described above is

A. diatomite

B. fluorspar

C. limestone

D. soda ash Q50,2005

8. Below are some minerals mined in Eastern Africa.

(i) Diatomite.

(ii) Copper.

(iii) Fluorspar.

(iv) Diamonds.

Which combination of the minerals listed above is mined in Kenya?
A. (i) and (ii).

B. (ii) and (iii).

C. (i) and (iii).

D. (ii) and (iv).

9. Below are some minerals mined in Eastern Africa.

(i) Diatomite.

(ii) Copper.

(iii) Fluorspar.

K.C.P.E REVISION 455

(iv) Diamonds.

Which combination of the minerals listed above is mined in Kenya?
A. (i) and (ii).

B. (ii) and (iii).

C. (i) and (iii).

D. (ii) and (iv). Q31,2006

9. Which one of the following methods is used to mine limestone in Kenya?
A. Deep shaft method.

B. Open cast method.

C. Panning.

D. Dredging. Q31,2007

10. Which one of the following minerals is used for making glass?
A. Limestone.

B. Soda ash.

C. Fluorspar.

D. Diatomite.
Q9,2008

11. The main contribution of petroleum to the economy of Nigeria is that it has led to

A. the development of the transport network.

B. an increase in energy supply

C. the creation of job opportunities

D. an increase in foreign exchange.
Q24,2009

12. In Kenya, fluorspar is mined through

A. deep shaft method

B. open cast method

C. panning

D. drilling. Q56,2008

13. Which one of the following minerals is correctly matched with the method used to mine it? Mineral Mining method

A. Soda Ash – Drilling

B. Diatomite – Opencast

C. Petroleum – Panning

D. Gold – Dredging
Q45,2010

 

Soil
1. The first step to take in controlling gully erosion is to
A. build gabions
B. plant cover crops
C. construct terraces
D. plant trees. Q57,2000 2.The best way to control gulley erosion is by
A. constructing gabbions

B. planting cover crops

C. strip cultivation

D. constructing cut-off drains
Q37,2003

 

3. Which one of the following is an economic use of the soil?
A. Making bricks.

B. Administering oaths.

C. Decorating the body.

K.C.P.E REVISION 456

D. Making traditional medicine.
Q27,2004

 

4. Below are some characteristics of a type of soil:

(i) It contains little humus.

(ii) It allows water to pass through easily.

(iii) Its particles do not hold together when wet. The type of soil described above is
A. black cotton soil

B. alluvial soil

C. sandy soil

D. loamy soil. Q20,2006

 

5. Which one of the following types of soil erosion is

correctly matched with the area where it commonly

occurs?

Type of erosion Area

A. Gully erosion – steep slopes

B. Rill erosion – flat ground

C. Sheet erosion – hill tops

D. Splash erosion – gentle slopes
Q54,2007

 

6. The best way to control sheet erosion is by

A. planting cover crop

B. building gabions

C. contour farming

D. crop rotation.
Q28,2008

7. The diagram below represents a method used to

conserve

 

 

 

 

The method represented in the diagram above is

A. contour ploughing

B. strip cropping

C. gabion building

D. Terracing Q31,2009

8. Three of the following are soil conservation measures. Which one is not?
A. Mono-cropping.

B. Crop rotation.

C. Contour ploughing

D. Building of gabions.
Q48,2010

 

Industries

1. Which one of the following is an example of a service industry?
A. Bicycle repair.

B. Fruit canning.

C. Bread making.

K.C.P.E REVISION 457

D. Milk processing. Q34,2003 2.Which one of the following economic activities in
Kenya is a major foreign exchange earner?

A. Sugarcane growing.

B. Maize farming.

C. Dairy farming.

D. Horticulture
Q35,2003

B. enables people to promote traditional crafts

C. encourages people to move to urban centres

D. encourages people to keep the environment clean. Q53,2002
7.Which one of the following groups of industries consists of service industries?

3. The location of Bamburi cement factory in A B Mombasa was influenced mainly by

A. presence of limestone in the area

B. existence of market in the area C D

C. availability of electricity in the area

D. nearness to the port of Mombasa Q44,2000

4. The main factor that determines the establishment of

a textile manufacturing industry is

A. availability of land

B. availability of workers

C. adequate market

D. adequate transport. Q45,2001

5. Which one of the following is an example of a traditional industry?
A. Paper making

B. Glass making

C. Tyre making

D. Wood-carving Q11,2002

6. The Jua Kali industry in Kenya is important because it
A. enables people to be self-reliant

Q11’2005

8. The government encourages the development of
Jua Kali industries in Kenya mainly to

A. make cheap goods from local raw materials

B. promote trade with other countries

C. enable people to acquire different skills

D. provide an opportunity for people to become self-employed. Q16,2005
9. Below are some factors which determine the location of industries:

(i) Nearness to raw materials.

(ii) Nearness to markets.

(iii) Availability of capital.

K.C.P.E REVISION 458

(iv) Availability of transport.

(v) Availability of land.
Which one of the following combinations of the factors above best determines the location of a

B. They promoted the development of roads.

C. They provided goods for export.

D. They encouraged the establishment of museums.

bakery?

A. (ii) (iii) (iv).

B. (i) (ii) (v).

C. (i) (iii) (iv).

D. (iii) (iv) (v). Q60,2006

10. The main factor that influences the location of a furniture making industry is

A. availability of transport

B. availability of power

C. availability of raw materials
D. availability of market. Q52,2007 11.Maina wishes to set up a Jua Kali industry. Which
one of the following is the main factor that would influence the choice of location?

A. Availability of capital.

B. Availability of labour.

C. Availability of power.

D. Availability of market. Q35,2008 12.Which one of the following is a service industry?
A. Banking.

B. Mining.

Q9,2009

14Which one of the following groups of industries consists of service industries.

 

A B

 

 

 

C D Q52,2009

Fishing

1. Fishing along the coast of Kenya has not been fully developed mainly due to
A. low demand for sea fish in the country
B. inadequate funds to buy modern fishing equipment
C. lack of adequate fishing skills
D. competition from foreign fishermen. Q27,2000
2. Three of the following are reasons why fish farms are

C. Brewing

D. Carving. Q54,2008

13. which one of the following statements is true about traditional industries during the pre- colonial period?
A. They provided the necessary household items.

started. Which one is not?

A. To make harvesting of fish easy.

B. To enable farmers to keep the type of fish they require.
C. To provide people with jobs.

D. To provide clean water for drinking.

K.C.P.E REVISION 459

Q43,2001

3. Three of the following methods of preserving fish were used in Kenya during the pre-colonial period. Which one was not?
A. Freezing.

B. Sun-drying.

C. Smoking.

D. Salting. Q16,2002

Below is a diagram showing a method of fishing. Use it to answer question 1.

Q56,2006

6. The diagram below shows a method of fishing.

 

 

 

 

 

The fishing method represented in the diagram is

A. purse-seining

B. drifting

C. gill net

D. trawling. Q25,2007

7. The diagram below represents a method of fishing.

The fishing method shown in the diagram is

A. basket method

B. purse seining

C. net drifting

D. trawling method.
Q12,2008

8. One of the problems affecting fishing in Lake Victoria is that

A. parts of the lake arc rocky

B. parts of the lake have water hyacinth

C. the lake level keeps changing

D. Sand from rivers is deposited in the lake.
Q45,2009

9. The cheapest method of preserving fish is by

A. freezing

B. salting

C. sun drying

D. deep frying. Q36,2005

 

Urbanisation.
1. Below are descriptions of a town in Kenya,
(i) it is a mining town
(ii) it is a railway terminus
(iii) it receives little rainfall The town described above is’
A. Nanyuki
B. Magadi
C. Athi River
D. Kitale. Q20,2000
2. Which one of the following is the main function of Thika town? It is
A. an administrative centre

B. an agricultural centre

C. a market centre

D. an industrial centre. Q21,2001

3. Nakuru town started as

A. an industrial centre

B. a communication centre

C. an agricultural centre

D. an educational centre. Q15,2002 4.Which one of the following towns in Kenya is an
important mining centre?

A. Eldoret.

B. Magadi.

C. Voi.

D. Nyeri. Q28,2004

5. Below are factors that influenced the origin of a town in Kenya.
(i) Availability of clean water

(ii) Central position along the Uganda railway

(iii) Existence of flat land

 

The town whose origin was influenced by the factors

listed above is

A. Nairobi

B. Kisumu

C. Eldoret

D. Thika. 4,2005

6. The statements below describe a town in Kenya.

(i) It began as a fish landing point.

(ii) A railway line reached the town in 1901.

(iii) It is an administrative centre.

(iv) It is a lake port.

The town described above is

A. Mombasa

B. Malindi

C. Kisumu

D. Nakuru.

7. Use the map of Eastern Africa below to answer questions 21

 

The town marked J is

A. Dodoma

B. Kigoma

C. Arusha

D. Dar-es-Salaam.
Q21,2006

8. The main problem resulting from rapid population growth in the rural areas in Kenya is that it has led to

A. shortage of land for agriculture

B. reduction of areas under forest

C. increased soil erosion

D. inadequate water for domestic use.
Q58,2007

 

Forestry

1. The most serious threat facing equitorial rain forest is
A. destruction of trees by fire
B. frequent cutting down of trees
C. destruction of trees by animals
D. unreliable rainfall.
Q48,2000
2. The government is conserving forests in the shaded areas marked W mainly to
A. protect indigenous species of trees

B. protect trees for their beauty

C. protect soil from erosion

D. protect habitat for wildlife.
Q28,2001

3 Which one of the following activities threatens the existence of natural forests in Kenya?
A. Settling of people around the forests.

B. Destruction of trees by wild animals.

C. Collection of herbs for making medicine.

D. Cutting trees for telephone poles.

Q46,2001

4. Which one of the following regions in Kenya has the largest area under forest?
A. the central highlands

B. the coastal plain

C. the lake region

D. the Nyika plateau Q13,2002

5. Conservation of forests in Kenya is important

mainly because it

A. makes the environment beautiful

B. provides sources of herbal medicine

C. protects water catchment areas

D. provides raw material for the paper industry
Q57,2002

6. Which one of the following statements is not true about planted forests in Kenya?
A. They provide raw materials for making paper.

B. They have straight trunks.

C. They are widespread in dry areas.

D. They provide timber. Q35,2004

 

7. In which one of the following areas in Kenya are mangrove forests found?
A. At the foot of mountains.

B. In the coastal lowlands.

C. In the Lake Victoria basin.

D. On the floor of the rift valley.
Q17,2005

 

8. Which one of the following statements is true about trees in the planted forests in Kenya?

A. The trees have thorns.

B. Most of the trees have climbers.

C. Most of the trees mature fast.

D. The trees are of different types.
Q42,2005

9. The main reason why the government encourages afforestation in Kenya is to
A. create employment opportunities

B. protect the sources of rivers

C. increase the supply of firewood

D. create more areas for wildlife to live in.
Q35,2006

10. Which two types of forests are found in the area marked T?

A. Temperate and Bamboo forests.

B. Tropical and Mangrove forests.

C. Temperate and Mangrove forests.

D. Tropical and Bamboo forests.
Q33,2010

11. In Kenya, forest areas are protected against destruction mainly because they
A. make the scenery beautiful

B. conserve water sources

C. are sources of timber

D. provide herbal medicine.
Q50,2010

 

Communication

1. Which one of the following means of communication

was not used in traditional African societies?

(i) Newspapers

(ii) Telephone

(iii) Television

(iv) Radio

Which one of the following combination is made up of electronic means of communication?
A. (i) (ii) and (iv)

B. (ii) (iii) and (iv)

C. (i)(iii) and (iv)
D. (i) (ii) and (iii). Q15,2008 3.The most widespread means of passing information
in the rural areas of Africa is by

A. radio

B. telegraph

C. television

D. newspapers. Q43,2007.

 

Road safety

 

1. Road safety education is taught in primary schools in Kenya in order to

 

Q11,2001

1. Which one of the following means of communication was used to pass information to distant places in traditional African societies?
A. Beating a drum.

B. Sending smoke signals.

C. Blowing a horn.
D. Sending a messenger. Q29,2004 2.Below are some modern means of communication:

A. prepare pupils to become traffic police officers

B. create awareness on careful use of roads

C. make learning more interesting

D. teach pupils how to drive vehicles
Q42,2007

2. Matatu accidents in Kenya have become fewer in recent years. This is mainly because of the introduction of

A. safety belts

B. speed governors

 

C. uniform for drivers
D. rules against overloading. Q28,2006 3.Which one of the following places is the safest for
pupils to cross the road?

A. Where there are bumps.

B. Where there are traffic light.

C. At a roundabout.

D. Where there is a road junction.
Q51,2009

 

4. The diagram below represents a road sign.

 

 

 

 

 

The road sign indicates that

A. pedestrians must stop

B. there is a roundabout ahead

C. there is danger ahead

D. motorists should avoid overtaking.
Q41,2010

FIRST AID
1. A vehicle has overturned near your school and the

driver has a deep cut on the leg. Which one of the

following would be the immediate action for you to take to help the driver?

A. Remove the driver from the scene.

B. Report the accident to the head teacher.

C. Remove the valuables of the driver for safe keeping.
D. Tie the drivers wound to control bleeding.
Q5,12008

 

pastoralism

1. Which one of the following statements is true of both the Tswana and the Fulani?
A. They earn their living through fishing.

B. They live in Southern Africa.

C. They belong to the same language group.

D. They keep large herds of livestock.
Q51,2008

2. Three of the following statements are true about the Tswana pastoralists. Which one is not?

A. They live in the wetter parts of their country

B. They keep large herd of livestock.

C. They use some of their animals to pay bride price.
D. They grow food crops around their temporary shelters

Q35,2009

3. Which one of the following statements is true
about pastoral farming among the Fulani?

A. They keep cattle mainly for sale.

B. They mainly keep dairy cattle.

C. They grow fodder crops for their cattle.

D. They migrate with their cattle according to seasons.

 

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
AND SYSTEMS
Traditional forms of government

B. the Baganda.

C. the Chagga.

D. the Somali. Q10,2001 4.Which one of the following is the main factor that
led to the growth of the kingdom of Old Ghana?

A. The kingdom acquired wealth from the Trans Saharan trade.
B. The kingdom was surrounded by weak neighbours.
C. The kingdom made iron weapons.

D. The kingdom had adequate food supply.
Q38,2003

 

5.Which one of the following statements is true about

1. Which one of the following communities in Eastern Africa was ruled by Kings during the pre-colonial period?
A. TheBaganda
B. The Wanyamwezi
C. TheNuer
D. TheOromo. Q8,2000
2. The empire of Mwenemutapa was ruled by

A. a king

B. a council of elders

C. a queen mother

D. a chief. Q9,2001

3. Below are statements about a community in

the

 

 

the

the functions of the Orkoiyot of the Nandi during

pre-colonial period?

A. He advised the council of elders.

B. He distributed land to the members of

community.

C. He organised initiation ceremonies.

D. He punished members of the community who broke the laws.
Q42.2003

Eastern Africa during the precolonial period.

(i) The community was ruled by hereditary kings.

(ii) The community traded with the coastal traders.

(iii) The community practised crop growing. The community described above is
A. the Dinka.

6. The Almoravids attacked the Kingdom of Old Ghana in order to

A. become the rulers of the Kingdom

B. obtain land for settlement

C. control the Trans-Saharan trade

D. assist the Europeans to colonise the area.
Q25,2005

period?

7. Use the map of Africa below to answer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. The traditional kingdom that existed in the area marked R was founded by
A. the Khoi-san

B. the Soninke

C. the Nyamwezi

D. the Shona. Q29,2003

8. Which one of the following was a function of the Kabaka of Buganda during the pre-colonial

K.C.P.E REVISION

A. Controlling trade in the Kingdom.

B. Making the budget for the Kingdom.

C. Distributing land for farming.

D. Organising people for communal work.
Q33,2005

9. Which one of the following duties was performed by the Ntemi Chief among the Nyamwezi during the pre- colonial period?
A. Organizing marriage ceremonies.

B. Distributing land to farmers.

C. Controlling trade.

D. Leading hunting trips.
Q12,2007

10. Which one of the following was the title given to the ruler of Buganda Kingdom in the 19th century?

A. Saza.

B. Bataka.

C. Kabaka.

D. Katikiro. Q8,2008

11. Which one of the following was the function of the council of elders among the Ameru during the pre- colonial period?

A. Making laws.

B. Healing the sick

C. Carrying out raids.

D. Foretelling the future.
Q13,2008

12. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the social organization of the San during the pre-colonial period?

A. They lived in small groups of families.
467

B. They had a strong clan system.

C. They lived in permanent homes.

D. They practiced circumcision.
Q17,2008

13. In Old Ghana, the king was succeeded by

A. the Queen Mother

B. his sister’s son

C. his eldest son

D. his youngest brother.
Q27,2008

14. During the pre-colonial period, the Baganda were ruled by

A. A council of elders

B. A queen mother

C. A chief

D. A king Q11,2009

15. The following are functions that were performed by traditional leaders during the pre- colonial period.
(i) Settling deputes.

(ii) Treating the sick.

(iii) Blessing the warrior.

(iv) Allocating land to clan members.

iv) Foretelling the future.

14.Which one of the following functions above was performed by the council of elders in traditional African societies?

A. (i), (ii), (v)

B. (ii), (iii), (v)

C. (i), (iii), (iv)

D. (iii), (iv), (vi) Q14,2009

13. Which one of the following titles used in Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period is correctly matched with its officer?

Title Officer
A. Katikiro ——– Prime Minister

B. Mtwale ——– Treasurer

C. Omuwanika Chief Justice

D. Omulamuzi ——– Army Officer

Q9,2010

14. Which one of the following communities was ruled by a king during the pre-colonial period?
A. The Khoikhoi.

B. The Wanyamwezi.

C. The Abawanga.

D. The Ameru. Q16,2010

 

African response to colonization

1. Sarnore Toure and Lobengula are remembered in the history of Africa because they
A. resisted the establishment of colonial rule in their countries
B. welcomed the Europeans into their countries
C. assisted the Europeans to conquer their neighbours
D. encouraged other African leaders to accept European colonisation. Q28,2000
2. African resistance against European colonisation failed mainly because the Africans
A. lacked modern weapons

B. were disunited

C. had small armies

D. had poor means of communication Q32,2001

3. Which one of the following is a result of colonial

K.C.P.E REVISION 468

rule in Africa?

A. Promotion of African traditional education.

B. Development of transport system.

C. Introduction of crop farming.

D. Promotion of African traditional religion.

Q24,2002

4. Three of the following are results of Maji Maji rebellion. Which one is not? It resulted in

A. loss of many lives in Southern Tanganyika

B. division of Tanganyika among different European Powers.
C. destruction of property of the local people

D. establishment of strict German control in some Areas Q26,2002
5. Europeans were unable to conquer Ethiopia during the scramble for Africa because the
A. Ethiopians were united under able rulers

B. Ethiopians were helped by their neighbours

C. Europeans lacked superior weapons

D. Europeans were divided among themselves
Q39,2002

6. Lobengula led the Ndebele against the British Colonial invasion because
A. the British refused to allow him make guns

B. he thought that the British were weak

C. he wanted to continue ruling his people

D. the British refused to let him travel to England

Q43, 2003

7. The African Communities that resisted European colonisation were defeated mainly because
A. the Europeans had superior weapons

B. some Africans assisted the Europeans

C. African leaders were cheated by the Europeans

D. African warriors were poorly trained.

Q31, 2005

8. Which one of the following is a reason why the Maasai collaborated with the British during the establishment of colonial rule?

A. They wanted to strengthen their trade links with

the British.

B. They wanted to get employment in the settler farms.
C. They wanted the support of the British against their enemies.
D. They wanted to get modern education.

Q34, 2005

9. Which one of the following African leaders collaborated with the Europeans during the establishment of Colonial rule?
A. Lewanika of the Lozi.

B. Samore Toure of the Mandinka.

C. Kabaka Mwanga of the Baganda.
D. Sakawa of the Abagusii. Q24, 2007 10.Who among the following traditional Kenyan
leaders collaborated with the British during the establishment of colonial rule?

A. Karuri wa Gakure.

B. Mekatilili.

C. Samoei.

K.C.P.E REVISION 469

D. Sakawa. Q11,
2008

11. Who among the following leaders in Tanganyika united the Africans during the Maji Maji rebellion?

A. Fundikira.

B. Mirambo.

C. Nyungu ya Mawe.
D. Kinjikitile Ngwale. Q29, 2008 12.The following statements describe a prominent
traditional Kenyan leader.

(i) He was a medicine man.

(ii) He disrupted the construction of Kenya- Uganda railway.

(iii) He was killed by the British. The leader described above is
A. Masaku

B. Sakawa

C. Koitalel arap Samoei

D. Waiyaki wa Hinga.
Q22,2009

13. Horticultural farming in Kenya is different from that in the Netherlands in that
A. horticultural cooperatives are better organized in Kenya than in the Netherlands
B. Kenya has a wider local market than the Netherlands

C. Farming is less mechanized in Kenya than in the Netherlands
D. there are more horticultural farms in Kenya than in the Netherlands.
Q26, 2009

 

African response to scramble of Africa

1. Samoei of the Nandi and Mekatilili of the Agiriama had one thing in common, It is that both

A. were opposed to the building of the railway

B. prophesied about the coming of the Europeans
C. foresaw defeat of Europeans by Africans

D. resisted the British colonial rule.

Q24 2010

 

2. Which one of the following explains why the people of Tanganyika were defeated by the Germans during the Maji Maji rebellion’?

A. The people of Tanganyika were attacked by their neighbours.

B. Tanganyika had few warriors.

C. The Germans were helped by the British.

D. The Germans had better weapons.

Q35,2010

 

Colonial administration in Africa

1. The system used by France to rule her colonies in Africa was known as
A, assimilation
B. direct rule
C. indirect rule
D. association. Q29,2000
2. Which one of the following was a result of British rule in Nigeria?
A. It encouraged African traditional religions.
B. It promoted unity among different African communities.
C. It led to the development of roads.
D. It promoted African traditional education.
Q30,2000
3. Three of the following are results of European

K.C.P.E REVISION 470

colonial rule in Eastern Africa. Which one is not?

A. Creation of reserves for Africans.

B. Promotion of African culture.

C. Introduction of modern health facilities.

D. Introduction of modern methods of farming
Q34,2001

4. Which one of the following was the main duty of diviners in Africa before the coming of Europeans?

A. Settling disputes among members of the community.

B. Allocating land to members of the community.

C. Leading the warriors to fight their enemies.

D. Telling the community what would happen in future.
Q22,2001

5. Which one of the following European countries used

indirect rule to administer their colonies in Africa?

A. Britain.

B. France.

C. Germany.

D. Portugal. Q33,2002

6. Which one of the following is a result of colonial rule in Africa?
A. Promotion of African traditional education.

B. Development of transport system.

C. Introduction of crop farming.

D. Promotion of African traditional religion.

Q34,2002

7. In which one of the following French colonies did the

policy of Assimilation succeed?

A. Chad.

B. Dahomey.

C. Senegal.

D. Guinea. Q43,2003

8. Below are historical events which took place in Kenya before 1918.
(i) Uganda railway reached Kisumu

(ii) The Giriama resistance broke out

(iii) The first European missionaries arrived at the coast.
(iv) Kenya became a British protectorate

What is the correct order in which the events occurred?

A. (iv), (ii), (iii), (i).

B. (iv), (iii), (ii), (iv).

C. (iii), (iv), (i), (ii).

D. (iv), (iii), (i), (ii). Q45,2003

9. Africans in Kenya were not allowed to grow some cash crops because they
A. were taking care of their animals

B. owned small pieces of land

C. were required to provide labour for settlers D lived in areas that had many crop diseases
Q46,2003

10. Which one of the following was a result of British colonial rule in Africa?
A. Promotion of African cultural practices.

B. Loss of fertile land by Africans.

K.C.P.E REVISION 471

C. Establishment of the same schools for children of different races.
D. Appointment of Africans to be in charge of the colonies. Q47,2003
11. Which one of the following activities of the European
colonial rulers had a good effect on Africans?

A. Marking of boundaries between colonies.

B. Creation of reserves for the Africans.

C. Assimilation

D. Association. Q39, 2008 15.One of the duties of African chiefs in Kenya during
the colonial period was to

A. organize for supply of labour to settler farms

B. provide food to freedom fighters

C. nominate people to the Native Councils

D. conduct oathing ceremonies. Q41, 2008

 

 

the

C. Imposing taxes on Africans.

D. Introduction of western education in

16. Which one of the following activities of European colonial rulers had positive effects on Africans?

A. Introduction of western education.

colonies. Q19,2005

12. Which one of the following Kenyan communities is

correctly matched with its traditional leader?

Community Leader

A. Akamba Sakawa

B. Agiriama Mekatilili

C. Nandi Masaku
D. Abagusii Samoei Q40, 2006 13.The Imperial British East Africa Company
stopped administering Kenya because

A. the settlers were against the company

B. the company mistreated Africans

C. the company lacked funds

D. the company was abolished. Q32, 2008
14. The method used by the Portuguese to administer Mozambique was

A. Direct rule

B. Indirect rule

B. Creation of reserves for Africans.

C. Making of boundaries between colonies.

D. Making Africans pay taxes. Q29, 2010

 

 

Scramble and partition in Africa
1. The countries marked S and T were ruled by
A. Britain
B. Portugal
C. Italy
D. Germany. Q33,2000
2. European nations established colonies in Africa during the nineteenth century in order to
A. promote good relations with African leaders

B. secure markets for manufactured goods from Europe
C. encourage Africans to grow cash crops

D. obtain land to settle European refugees.

Q31,2001

3. European countries scrambled for colonies in Africa

K.C.P.E REVISION 472

mainly to

A. obtain raw materials

B. settle their surplus population

C. spread Christianity

D. stop slave trade Q44, 2003

4. Which one of the following groups of countries was colonised by the British?
A. Libya, Egypt, Mozambique.

B. Lesotho, Zambia, Sierra Leone.

C. Ethiopia, Angola, Benin.

D. Senegal, Chad, Tunisia. Q45, 2006

5.

The country marked J was colonized by

A. France

B. Portugal

C. Italy

D. Belgium. Q19, 2007

6.

 

 

The countries marked R and S were colonized by

A. Britain

B. Germany

C. Portugal

D. Italy. Q25, 2008

7.Which one of the following methods of colonial administration was used by the British in Northern Nigeria?

B. Indirect rule.

C. Association.

D. Assimilation. Q12, 2009 8.Which one of the following groups of countries in
Africa was colonized by the French?
A. Mali, Namibia , Uganda
B. Senegal, Madagascar, Mali
C. Togo, Angola, Zambia
D. Tanganyika, Cameroon, Angola Q46, 2010

9. Which one of the following countries in Africa was colonised by the French?
A. Angola.

B. Chad.

C. Tanganyika.

D. Gambia. Q23,2005

A. The nationalists established bases in neighbouring

countries.

B. The nationalists organised guerrilla warfare.

C. The nationalists formed political parties.

D. The nationalists were helped by the OAU.

Q40,2001

2. The following events took place during the struggle for independence in Kenya. Which one came first?

A. Nomination of the first African to the Legislative Council.
B. The release of Jomo Kenyatta from detention.

C. The first Lancaster House Conference.

D. Declaration of the State of Emergency.

Q41,2001

3. Which one of the following events in Kenya took place first?
A. Formation of Kikuyu Central Association.

B. Election of eight African representatives to the Legislative Council.
C. Release of Jomo Kenyatta from detention.

D. Nomination of the second African to
the

Legislative Council. Q29,2002 4.Thomas Mboya is remembered in kenya because he

Struggle for independence
1. Which one of the following statements is true
about

the struggle for independence in Tanganyika?

A. promoted the Harambee spirit.

B. was the first African to join the legislative council (Leg Co)
C. led the Trade Union movement

D. was the first chairman of the Organisation of

African Unity (O.A.U.).

Q49, 2003

B. Tanzania – Benjamin Mkapa.

C. Mozambique – Joakim Chissano.

5. Which one of the following was an effect of the Second World War on African Nationalism in Kenya?

A. It made the Africans stop working in
the

European farms.

B. It increased the Africans’ desire for independence.
C. It led to the Africans being nominated to the Legislative Council.
D. It reduced the Africans’ dislike for the Europeans.
Q41, 2005

6. The political party which led Ghana to independence in 1957 was
A. the National Liberation Movement (NLM)

B. the Convention Peoples’ Party (CPP)

C. the Northern Peoples’ Party (NPP)

D. the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)
Q44,2005

7. In Kenya, 12th December 1964 is remembered as the day when the country became

A. a member of the United Nations

B. a member of the East African Community

C. a one-party state
D. a Republic. Q51, 2005 8.Which one of the following African countries is
correctly matched with its first president?

Country President

A. Zimbabwe – Robert Mugabe.

D. Somalia – Mohamed Abdullahi Yusufu.

Q52, 2005

9. Which one of the following was a reason why the Mau Mau uprising took place in Kenya?

A. The Africans were demanding the establishment

of schools.

B. The Africans were opposed to the construction of the railway.
C. The Africans were against the British Constitution.
D. The Africans were demanding the return of their
land. Q18, 2006

10. The main method used by the Africans in Zimbabwe to attain their independence was
A. boycotting work

B. seeking support from neighbours

C. fighting guerilla warfare

D. negotiating with the colonialists Q26, 2007

11. Which one of the following became the title of the Head of State in Kenya when the country was declared a republic?
A. The prime minister.

B. The governor.

C. The president.
D. The emperor. Q49, 2008 12.Which one of the following is the reason why
Madaraka day is celebrated in Kenya?

A. To remember the day when self government was attained.
B. To remember the day freedom fighters were arrested.

C. To remember the day when Mau Mau movement started.

D. To remember the day Kenya became a colony.

Q46, 2009

13. June 1st is important in Kenya because it is the day
A. freedom fighters were released from detention
B. Kenya got internal self government

C. the country became a republic

D. Kenya became a multi-party state. ( KADU ).

1. Which one of the following countries in Africa is a member
of the Commonwealth?
A. Lybia
B. Senegal,
C. Zambia.
D. Angola. Q53,2000

2. Which one of the following groups of countries are members of the Commonwealth?

 

Q12, 2010

14. Below are statements about a political party that was formed in Kenya during the colonial period.

(i) It supported a regional government.
(ii) It was formed by the smaller communities.
(iii) It was formed in 1960.
(iv) One of its founder members was Ronald Ngala.
The political party described above is

A. Kenya African Union (KAU)

B. Kenya People’s Union (KPU)

C. Kenya African National Union ( K ANU)

D. Kenya African Democratic Union
Q47,2010

 

International co-operations

 

C. D. Q32,2002

3. The organisation which brings together countries that were colonised by Britain is
A. East African Community

B. United Nations

C. Commonwealth of Nations

D. African Q51 ,2003

4. The United Nations Organisation was formed in 1945 mainly to

A. promote democracy in the world

B. promote economic cooperation among

nations

C. promote Human Rights in all the countries

D. promote peace in the world.
Q43,2005

5. Three of the following statements are true about the

8. Which one of the following groups of countries in Africa got assistance from the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to achieve independence?

Commonwealth. Which one is not?

A. It promotes uniform education systems in member states.
B. Most of its members are former British B
colonies.

C. It has its headquarters in London.

D. It is headed by the Queen of England.

Q46,2003

6. One of the reasons why African countries formed the African Union (AU) was to

A. fight against crime in the continent

B. assist in the election of leaders for member states
C. re-draw the boundaries of member states

D. bring greater economic cooperation in the continent. Q26,2006
7. Which one of the following organs of the United Nations (UN) is responsible for resolving disputes between member countries?
A. The Secretariat.

B. The Security Council.

C. The General Assembly.

D. The Economic and Social Council. Q51,2007

 

C D

Q47,2008

 

9. The main reason why the United Nations (UN) was Formed was to
A. promote Economic cooperation among nations
B. take care of the environment
C. promote peace in the world D take care of refugees.
Q34,2009

8. Which one of the following groups of countries formed the Eastern African Community in 1967?

A. Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.

B. Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi.

C. Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda.

D. Kenya, Uganda and Burundi.
Q38,2009

 

Present systems of governments

1. The head of government in Ethiopia is a

A. President

B. Prime Minister

C. King

D. Queen Q40,2000

2. The head of state in Uganda is

A. a King

B. a Prime Minister

C. a President

D. an Emperor
Q31,2002

1. The head of State in Swaziland is the

A. King

B. President

C. Chief

D. Prince Q58,2003

3. The governments of Kenya and Swaziland are similar in that
A. the winning party in elections forms the government
B. the queen mother influences government decisions

C. the parliaments have two houses

D. the head of state appoints the cabinet.
Q54,2006

 

4. The government of Swaziland is headed by

A. a Secretary General

B. a Prime Minister

C. a President

D. a King. Q36,2007

 

5. Which one of the following statements is true about the system of government of Swaziland?
A. Members of parliament elect the Prime Minister.

B. All members of parliament are elected by the people
C. The Head of State is the commander – in-chief of the armed forces.
D. The Queen Mother chairs cabinet meetings.

Q25,2010

 

Early visitors to Eastern Africa

1. Which one of the following was a result of the settlement of the Arabs along the coast of East Africa?

A. Emergence of Swahili culture.

B. Introduction of barter trade.

C. Introduction of maize growing.

D. Construction of hospitals.
Q17,2006

2. Which one of the following was a result of the coming of the Arabs to Eastern Africa?

A. Introduction of growing of cloves in Zanzibar.

B. Building of Fort Jesus at Mombasa.

C. Setting up of kingdoms in the interior.

D. Construction of the railway to the interior.

Q10,2007

3. Where was the first Christian mission station in Kenya established in the 19th century?

A. At Rabai.

B. At Kabaa.

C. At Mumias.

D. At Kibwezi. Q22,2008

4. Below are statements about the achievements of a missionary who came to Eastern Africa in the 19th Century

(i) He established a mission station at Rabai.
(ii) He wrote the first Kiswahili dictionary.

(iii) He taught Africans to read and write. The missionary described above is
A. David Livingstone

B. Ludwig Krapf

C. Jacob Erhardt

D. Johann Rebmann. Q17,2010

 

Contributions of important personalities

1.. One of the contributions of Jomo Kenyatta to the History of Kenya is that he
A. formed the first political party in the country B. was the first African member of the Legislative Council

C. promoted the Harambee spirit in the country

D. formed trade unions to fight for African workers.

Q38,2000

2. One of the achievements of Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana is that
A. he led the trade union movement in Ghana
during the colonial period

B. he abolished taxation in his country

C. he led the country to independence

D. he introduced large scale cocoa farming in Ghana. Q44,2001
3. Leopold Sedar Senghor contributed to democracy in Senegal by
A. introducing French culture in the country

B. allowing the formation of many political parties

C. introducing military skills learnt during the Second World War
D. forming a cabinet after becoming the first president.
Q12,2006

4. One of the achievements of Nelson Mandela is that

A. he took part in making the first constitution in South Africa
B. he was the first black president in South Africa

C. he formed the party that fought for South Africa’s independence
D. he led the demonstrations at Sharpeville town

in South Africa. Q15,2006

5. Which one of the following is an achievement of Daniel Arap Moi?

A. He promoted communal farming.

B. He was the first African representative to the Legislative Council.

C. He was a founder member of Kenya African Union.
D. He promoted soil conservation activities in the country Q46,2007
4. The following are some historical events that have taken place in Kenya since independence.
(i) Daniel Arap Moi retired as president

(ii) Section 2A of the constitution was amended

(iii) Kenya became a republic.

Which is the correct order in which the events took place?

A. (i), (iii), (ii)

B. (iii), (ii), (i)

C. (i), (ii), (iii)

D. (ii), (iii), (i) Q33,2009

5. Which one of the following statements is true of both Julius Nyerere of Tanzania and Haile Selassie of Ethiopia
A. They led their countries to independence.

B. They were founder members of the OAU.

C. They were forced out of the of the power by the army.

D. They introduced socialism in their countries.

Q47,2009

 

Political movements in Kenya before indipedence

1. Three of the following are roles played by the early

political associations in Kenya between 1914 and 1945.

Which one is not?

A. Defending African culture.

B. Fighting for better wages for workers.

C. Demanding for the release of Jomo Kenyatta.

D. Demanding that Africans be allowed to grow cash crops.
Q37,2007

2. The political associations formed in Kenya before 1939 had one factor in common. It was that they

A. had members from all communities in the country
B. were against female circumcision

C. demanded fair treatment for Africans

D. were supported by European missionaries
Q36,2000

3. Below are statements about a political party formed in Kenya during the colonial period.
(i) It was the first national party to be formed.

(ii) It collaborated with the Mau Mau freedom fighters.
(iii) Its first President was James Samuel Gichuru. The party described above is
A. Kenya African National Union (KANU).

B. Kenya African Union (KAU).

C. Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU).

D. Kenya Peoples’ Union (KPU). Q42,2001

LAW, PEACE
AND RECONCILIATION
1. Three of the following are symbols of national unity in Kenya. Which one is not?
A. National flag.

B. National Anthem.

C. Coat of Arms.

D. Armed forces. Q51,2000

2. The colour of the National flag of Kenya which represents peace is
A. white

B. green

C. black

D. red. Q59,2001

3. Two pupils are arguing about the ownership of a book. The best way for the teacher to resolve the conflict is by
A. encouraging the pupils to argue until one wins

B. withdrawing the book from the pupils

C. listening to the argument and advising the pupils

C. ensure that the stranger is arrested

D. take the pupil to the hospital.
Q29,2006

5. Which one of the following colours of the national flag of Kenya represents land of plenty?
A. Red.

B. Green.

C. White.

D. Black. Q36,2006

6. Ngao has been caught by his classmates stealing a bunch of ripe bananas from a farm near their school.

The most appropriate action for the pupils to take is to

A. report Ngao to the headteacher

B. ask Ngao to give the bananas to a poor family

C. share the bananas with Ngao

D. punish Ngao for this behaviour.
Q53,2006

 

7. Three of the following statements are true about Kenya’s National Anthem. Which one is not?

A. It is a form of entertainment.

D. advising the pupils against arguing over the
book
Q16,2006
4.A pupil has been sexually abused by a stranger on the way home from school. The immediate action

B. It unites the citizens.

C. It promotes patriotism.

D. It is a prayer.
Q56,2010

for

the parents to take is to

A. inform the school about the matter

B. advise the pupil to avoid talking to strangers

8. Which one of the following actions by the government would best promote national unity in Kenya?

A. Establishment of urban centres.

B. Construction of roads.

C. Provision of hospitals.

D. Provision of recreational facilities.
Q28,2003

9. Which one of the following statements is true

about the National Flag of Kenya?

A. It is a symbol of national unity.

B. It was given to Kenyans by the British.

C. Its colours represent the arms of Government.

D. It was inherited from freedom fighters.

Q58,2003

10. Three of the following are national philosophies in Kenya. Which one is not?
A. African Socialism

B. Harambee

C. Pan Africanism

D. Nyayoism. Q58,2005

Standard VIII prefect finds her two classmates

quarrelling in class. The right action for the prefect to take is to

A. ignore the pupils

B. punish the pupils

C. send the pupils out of class

D. discuss the issue with the pupils
Q30,2007

12. Which one of the following is a way of promoting peace in society?

A. Allowing many foreigners into the country.

B. Punishing suspected criminals.

C. Encouraging the spirit of forgiveness.

D. Reducing the number of political parties.

Q33,2007

13. In Kenya the national flag is raised in order to

A. display its beauty

B. promote the harambee spirit

C. promote loyalty among citizens

D. show the direction of the wind.
Q60,2007

 

14. Which one of the following cultural practices did the Abaluyia borrow from the Luo as they interacted during the pre-colonial period?

A. The removal of six lower teeth.

B. Respect for the spirit of the ancestors.

C. Use of herbs to treat diseases.

D. Marrying of many wives.
Q30,2008

 

15. The reason why the Kenya National Anthem is important is that

A. it was written when Kenya became independent

B. it creates unity among Kenya citizens

C. it is sung in all schools in Kenya

D. it is played during national celebrations.
Q,60,2008

 

16.. Three of the following are ways through which national unity can be promoted in Kenya.
Which one is not?

A. Encouraging people to listen to vernacular radio
stations.

K.C.P.E REVISION 482

B. Encouraging people to participate in national games.
C. Ensuring that people are free to settle in any part of the country.

D. Ensuring that people know how to sing the National Anthem.
Q59,2009

 

17. The best way of encouraging people in Kenya to be law abiding is by

A. employing more police officers to enforce the law
B. confining law breakers in prisons

C. educating people on the importance of observing the law
D. rewarding people who obey the law
Q57,2004.

 

18. Which one of the following reasons least explains why corruption should be wiped out in Kenya?

A. To promote peace.

B. To promote national unity.

C. To promote economic development.

D. To promote individual talents.
Q31,2004

 

Citizenship

1. A foreign lady who marries a Kenyan man may be allowed to become a citizen of Kenya only if she

A. shows respect to her husband

B. has children

C. has lived in Kenya for many years

D. applies to become a Kenyan. Q46,2000

2. A good citizen of Kenya is one who

A. attends prayer meetings regularly

B. obeys the laws of the land

C. attends political rallies regularly

D. owns a lot of property Q53,2001

3. One may become a Kenyan citizen through

A. registration

B. employment

C. migration

D. Marriage Q,47,2004

 

4. It is important for Kenya citizens to vote during the general elections because
A. it shows their loyalty to the president

B. it enables them to remove political leaders whose work is poor
C. it shows their obedience to the electoral commission
D. it enables the government to know people’s level
of education.
Q19,2006

 

5. Mutua, a football player who is representing Kenya in the Commonwealth Games is promised a lot of money by a Canadian Coach if he agrees to play for Canada. He refuses the offer. The action by Mutua shows that

A. he loves his country

B. he fears the Canadian

C. he has enough money

D. he is foolish
Q38,2007

 

6. David Smith, a former British citizen has acquired Kenyan Citizenship through naturalization. Smith may loose his Kenyan citizenship if he

A. destroys his national identity card

B. refuses to vote during general elections

C. visits a foreign country

D. is found with illegal drugs.
Q59,2007

 

foreigner who wishes to become a citizen of Kenya is

required to obtain

A. a school leaving certificate

B. a marriage certificate

C. a registration certificate

D. a birth certificate.
Q59,2007

 

8. The best way to stop drug abuse in schools is by

A. fencing school compounds to keep off peddlers

B. giving heavy punishments to drug users

C. arresting suspected drug dealers

D. educating pupils on dangers of using drugs.

Q15,2010

foreigner qualifies to apply for Kenyan citizenship after living in the country continuously for
A. two years

B. five years

C. seven years

D. ten years.
Q21,2010

 

10. Three of the following are actions which indicate that a person is a patriotic citizen. Which one is not?

A. Welcoming visitors at one’s home.

B. Participating in tree planting.

C. Contributing towards famine relief.
D. Attending rallies on national days.
Q42,2010

 

 

DEMOCRACY
AND HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Juma has written a letter to the editor of a local newspaper giving his opinion on the review of the Constitution of Kenya. Which one of the following freedoms is Juma exercising? Freedom of
A. expression.
B. worship.
C. movement.
D. association. Q52,2000

2. Kenya citizens are allowed to register as voters for parliamentary election when they
A. become members of political parties

B. have completed primary level of education

C. participate in development projects

D. have attained the age of 18 years.

Q48,2001

person who is under house arrest is denied the
Freedom of

A. Speech

B. Worship

C. Ownership of property

D. Movement
Q57,2003

4. Which one of the following events took place in Kenya in 1991?

A. General elections were held.

B. Section 2A of the constitution was repealed.

C. A new constitution was made.

D. Regional governments were established.

Q52,200
4

5. In Kenya, the rights of an individual are guaranteed by the

A. National Assembly

B. Constitution

C. Judiciary

D. Police Force
Q55,2004

 

6. Which one of the following Human Rights is enjoyed by Kenya citizens on attaining the age of 18 years?

A. The right to vote.

B. The right to worship.

C. The right to life.
K.C.P.E REVISION

D. The right to security.
Q32,2006

7. Below are statements about a political party in Kenya.

(i) Its chairman later became the country’s president.

(ii) It was once the official opposition party.

(iii) It joined with the other parties in 2002 to form NARC.

The political party described above is the

A. Democratic Party of Kenya

B. Ford People

C. Kenya Social Congress

D. Liberal Democratic Party.
Q57,2006

8. Three of the following are benefits of democracy.

Which one is not?

A. It allows equal distribution of land.

B. It allows formation of many political parties.

C. it allows citizens to choose their leaders.

D. It allows freedom of speech.
Q59,2006

 

9. Which one of the following is a benefit of a representative democracy?

A. People freely elect their leaders.

B. All citizens take part in decision-making.

C. All people obey the law.

D. Citizens are excused from paying taxes.
Q29,2007

10. The main role of the opposition parties in a democratic system of government is to
485

A. educate citizens on their rights

B. nominate members to parliament

C. promote development projects

D. ensure that the country is administered fairly.

Q41,2007

11. Lewa, a pupil at Chui Primary School has been

refused by his teacher to go for break for failing to

answer questions in class. Which one of the following child rights has Lewa been denied?

A. The right to privacy.

B. The right to leisure.

C. The right to education.

D. The right to security.
Q53,2007

 

12. Three of the following are benefits of democracy.
Which one is not?

A. Laws are applied fairly to all people.

B. People are made to join the ruling party.

C. People are free to elect their leaders.

D. People respect human rights.
Q56,2008

 

13. The reason why the Kenya National Anthem is important is that

A. it was written when Kenya became independent

B. it creates unity among Kenya citizens

C. it is sung in all schools in Kenya

D. it is played during national celebrations.
Q60,2008

14. Three of the following are roles of political parties in a

democracy. Which one is not?

A. They encourage citizens to take part in election.
B. They monitor activities of the government.

C. They campaign for equal rights for the citizens.

D. They approve bills to be debated in parliament.
Q40,2009

pupil has been told by the parents to help in fetching water for sale instead of attending school.
The best action for the pupil to take is to

A. ignore the parents

B. accept to do the work

C. run away from home

D. report the matter to the head teacher.
Q43,2009

foreigner living in Kenya may enjoy the following rights except
A. Right to life

B. Right to own property

C. Right to fair trial

D. Right to vote during general elections
Q55,2009

17. Maria was stopped from joining a women’s group by her husband. Which one of the following freedoms was she denied? Freedom of

A. expression

B. association

C. movement

D. worship. Q28,2010 17.Which one of the following is an economic right?

A. Right to life.

B. Right to education.

C. Right to work.

D. Right to privacy.
Q57,2010

 

GOVERNMENT
OF KENYA
Arms of government
1. One of the duties of a chief of a location in Kenya is to

A. appoint social development officers in the location

B. make laws for governing the location

C. supervise parliamentary elections in the location
D. maintain security in the location.

37,2000

2. Which one of the following officers is appointed by the Public Service Commission (PSC) of Kenya?
A. Chiefs to head locations.

B. Speaker of the National Assembly.

C. Headteachers of primary schools.

D. Judges of the high court. Q54,2001

3. Three of the following statements are true about the

not? The President

A. chairs cabinet meetings

B. is the Chancellor of Public Universities

C. clears candidates for general elections

D. is the head of the Central Government.

Q58,2001

3. A person becomes the Speaker of the National Assembly in Kenya through
A. nomination by the President

B. election by members of parliament

C. election by registered voters

D. nomination by the Electoral Commission

Q48,2002

5. In Kenya, a member of parliament may lose the parliamentary seat when the member
A. misses eight continuous sittings in parliament

B. is unpopular among parliamentarians

C. makes little contributions during parliamentary
debates

D. fails to visit the constituency regularly

Q49,2002

6. Which one of the following age conditions

is a requirement for those who wish to be elected President of Kenya? They must have attained the age of
A. 55 years.

B. 35 years.

C. 21 years.

functions of the President of Kenya. Which one is

D. 18 years.
Q50,2003

7. Who among the following leaders is responsible for keeping law and order in a location in Kenya?
A. The Chief.

B. The Religious leader.

C. The Councillor.

D. The Member of Parliament (M.P).
Q54,2003

 

8. The members of parliament in the Republic of Kenya are sworn in by the
A. Chief Justice

B. The Speaker of the National Assembly

C. Attorney-General

D. Chairman of the Electoral Commission

Q55,2003

9. The stages through which a bill passes before it becomes law are called

A. readings

B. sessions

C. discussions

D. Sittings Q53,2004

10. The most senior civil servant in a government ministry in Kenya is the
A. Under secretary

B. Auditor general

C. Director general

D. Permanent secretary
Q54,2004

11. Which one of the following officers advises

Government of Kenya on legal matters?

A. The Court Prosecutor.

B. The Chief Magistrate.

C. The Vice-President.

D. The Attorney-General.
Q59,2004

12. Three of the following are powers of the President of Kenya. Which one is not?

A. Dissolving parliament.

B. Pardoning criminals.

C. Supervising elections.

D. Appointing judges. Q60,2004 13.In Kenya, laws are made by
A. the High Court

B. the Judicial Service Commission

C. the National Assembly

D. the Public Service Commission. Q53,2005

 

14. One parliamentary duty of the president of Kenya is to

A. appoint the Speaker of the National Assembly

B. open parliamentary sessions

C. chair parliamentary meetings

D. swear in the members of parliament.

Q54,2005

15. The main source of revenue for the Government of Kenya is
A. fines

B. grants

C. loans

D. taxes. Q57,2005

16. Nomination of members of parliament in Kenya is done by

A. the Attorney-General

B. the constituency development committees

C. the Electoral Commission

D. the political parties. Q59,2005

 

17. Which one of the following courts in Kenya is the
lowest?

A. Chief Magistrate’s Court

B. District Magistrate’s Court

C. Principal Magistrate’s Court

D. Resident Magistrate’s Court Q60,2005 18.In Kenya, justice is administered by
A. the Armed Forces

B. the prisons

C. the Judiciary

D. the Cabinet. Q39,2006

19. Which one of the following is the correct order of the Provincial Administration in Kenya?

Q27,2007

20. The court system in Kenya is headed by the

A. Chief Magistrate

B. Chief Justice

C. Registrar of the High Court
D. Attorney General. Q34,2007 21.According to the laws of Kenya, amending
the constitution is the responsibility of

A. the High Court

B. the office of the President

C. the National Assembly

D. the Judicial Service Commission.
Q48,2007

22. In Kenya, a parliamentary bill becomes law only when it has been signed by
A. the Minister for Constitutional Affairs

B. the Registrar of the High Court

C. the Attorney General

D. the President
Q14,2008

23. Which one of the following government officers
A B
is

correctly matched with the right responsibility?

Government officer responsibilities
C D
A. Attorney General – to arrest criminals

B. Police Officer – to help law breakers to

reform

C. District Commissioner – to explain government
policy

D. Prison Officer – to advice government on legal matters

Q53,2009

24. Which one of the following is a function of parliament in Kenya?

A. Implementing laws.

B. Making laws.

C. Judging those who break the law.

D. Advising the president on matters of law.

Q60,2009

 

Local authorities

1. The Minister for Local Government has the powers to
A. supervise elections of councillors
B. prepare budgets for local authorities
C. appoint mayors of municipal councils
D. approve by-laws for local authorities. Q60,2000
2. Three of the following services are provided by town

councils in Kenya. Which one is not?

A. Medical facilities.

B. Religious facilities.

C. Sports and games facilities.
D. Educational facilities. Q56,2002 3.Below are some administrative units in Kenya.

The cabinet minister in charge of the above areas
is

the

A. Minister of Co-operative Development.

B. Minister of State for Provincial Administration and National Security.
C. Minister for Home Affairs and National Heritage.

D. Minister for Local Government.
Q56,2003

4. Who among the following Municipal Council officials is elected?

A. The Town Clerk.

B. The Treasurer.

C. The Mayor.

D. The Town Engineer. Q50,2007
5. Which one of the following courts in Kenya deals with cases involving people under 18 years of
age?

A. The Court of Appeal.

B. The High Court.

C. The Juvenile Court.

D. The Resident Magistrate’s Court.
Q52,2008

6. One of the functions of local authorities in Kenya is to

(i) County Council

(ii) Town Council

(iii) City Council

(iv) Municipal council

A. build places of worship

B. ensure that people pay taxes

C. issue trade licenses to traders

D. provide security to visitors.
Q58,2009

7. Zawadi is charged a fee every time she goes to the

air market near her home to sell her farm produce. The money she pays goes to

A. the chief of the area

B. the county council

C. the market attendant

D. the constituency development fund.

Q22,2010

8. Municipalities and County Councils are under the Ministry of

A. Home affairs

B. Education

C. Local Government

D. Finance.
Q43,2010

 

National Defence

3. Suspected criminals are kept in cells before being taken to court in order to
A. punish them for the offences they have committed
B. allow time for carrying out investigations

C. give them time to contact their relatives

D. make them clean up the cells. Q49,2001

4. Which one of the following groups of security departments is responsible for protecting Kenya against external attack?

A. B.

1. Traffic Police Officers wear clothes that reflect light at night in order to

A. keep themselves warm

B. warn motorists of dangerous sections of the road

C. protect themselves from lightning

D. make themselves visible to motorists.
Q45,2000

2. Which one of the following is a function of the police force in Kenya?
A. To punish suspected criminals.
B. To ensure that people attend public rallies.
C. To prevent people from committing crime.
D. To protect the country from external attacks.

Q59,2000

C. D.

Q60,2001

5. In Kenya, law and order is maintained by

A. the Police

B. the Army

C. the National Youth Service

D. the Prisons department Q55,2002

6. Which one of the following is the main function of the armed forces in Kenya?

A. Transporting relief food to famine stricken areas.

B. Protecting the country from external attacks.

C. Entertaining guests during national celebrations.

D. Constructing bridges across rivers.
Q48,2004

 

7. Which one of the following police units in Kenya is

correctly matched with its duty?

Police Unit Duty

A. General Service Unit — Assisting in stopping

riots.

B. Administrative Police — Guarding suspected

criminals in the cells.

C. Criminal Investigation — Providing security to Department government officers
D. Dog Handlers’ Unit — Recovering stolen

A. Creating new constituencies

B. Campaigning for candidates

C. Registering voters.

D. Announcing election results.
Q37,2009

3. Which one of the following is a requirement for a person who wishes to be elected as a member of parliament in Kenya?

The person should be

A. married and with children

B. a retired councillor

C. eighteen years and above

D. supported by one thousand registered voters.

Q50,2009

 

National Philosophies

animals.

 

Electoral process

Q46,2006

1. The Harambee movement in Kenya has led to

A. establishment of new towns

B. development of railway transport

C. the expansion of health services

 

1. A person who wishes to be elected the President of the Republic of Kenya must
A. have attained a minimum age of 35 years
B. have served as a member of parliament
C. be a founder member of a political party

 

Legislature

Q45,2009

D. come from a constituency with many voters.

Q54,2000

2. Which one of the following is not a function of the body in charge of elections in Kenya?

1. Which one of the following statements

correctly describes a parliamentary bill?

A It is a document containing names of members of parliament.

B. It is a document that shows how parliament operates.

C It is a proposed law waiting to be discussed in Parliament.

D. It is a law that has been passed by parliament.

Q27,2010

2. In Kenya, a person becomes the speaker of the National Assembly through

A. nomination by the president

B. election by members of parliament

C. nomination by the electoral body

D. election by voters.
Q54,2010

3. Three of the following are circumstances which may lead to a loss of parliamentary seat. Which one is not? When a member of parliament
A. is declared insane

B. B. visits another country

C. is jailed for over six months

D. is declared bankrupt by a court of law.
Q60,2010

Internal security

1. Which one of the following is a duty of the police force in Kenya?
A. To punish law breakers.

B. To judge cases.

C. To defend the country.

D. To arrest suspected criminals.
Q51,2010

 

Sources of government revenue

1. The Government of Kenya obtains revenue mainly through

A. licence fees paid by traders

B. taxes paid by citizens

C. grants given by foreign countries

D. sale of bonds
Q58,2010

 

 

K.C.P.E
C.R.E
2003-2010

TOPICALLY ANALYSED

 

TOPIC 1.

CREATION

5. Which one of the following statements from the stories of creation shows that marriage is permanent?

1. Which one of the following statements from the Bible shows that God wanted human beings to take care of the environment?
A. Let us make man in our own image.
B. Let the earth produce all kinds of animal life.
C. Have many children and fill the earth.
D. Live all over the earth and bring it under control.
Q 61,2000

2. What punishment did God give to Eve because of her disobedience?
A. Suffering while giving birth.
B. Putting on clothes.
C. Eating selected fruits.
D. Living with wild animals.
Q62,2000
3. Which one of the following duties was given to Adam and Eve when God created them?
A. To obey the ten commandments.

B. To offer sacrifice to God.

C. To take care of other living things.

D. To obey the prophets of God. Q61,2001

4. According to the Genesis stories of Creation, which one of the following statements best describes human beings as special? They were
A. moulded from clay

B. created in the image of God

C. created by God’s word of mouth

D. told to name the animals

Q61,2002

A. “The man and the woman were both naked but they were not embarrassed.”
B. “And now we will make human beings, they will be like us and resemble us.”
C. “A man leaves his father and mother and is united with his wife and they become one.”
D. “You listened to your wife and ate the fruit which I told you not to eat.”
Q61,2003

6. Which one of the following is the main reason why God created Eve?
He wanted her to

A. look after the animals

B. take care of the garden of Eden

C. be a companion to Adam

D. eat the fruits of the garden of Eden Q61,2004 7.Adam and Eve are the greatest in God’s creation because they
A. were the last to be created

B. named the animals

C. were made in His likeness

D. took care of the garden of Eden. Q61,2005 8.Which one of the following actions made God
chase Adam and Eve from the garden of Eden?

A. Speaking to the snake.

B. Eating of the forbidden fruit.

C. Destroying God’s creation.

D. Hiding from God. Q61,2006

9. The main teaching of the Genesis stories of creation is that

A. human beings were the last to be created

B. human beings were created to multiply

C. God is the creator of the universe

D. God blessed the day of rest. Q61,2007

B. Abraham.

C. Esau.

D. Joseph.

2. When Moses was called by God he was living in

A. Ur

B. Midian

C. Haran

10. Which one of the following was a result of the disobedience of D. Egypt.
human beings in the garden of Eden?

They were to

A. cultivate the land

B. fill the earth

C. face death

D. become old. Q61,2008

 

11. From the Biblical stories of creation in Genesis 1 and 2. God created Adam and Eve to

A. build places of worship

B. offer gifts to him

C. care for the environment

D. eat the fruits in the garden. Q61,2009

 

GOD SPEAKS TO US IN THE
OLD TESTAMENT

2000:-Q62-69

3. Which one of the following commandments teaches about
respect for human life?

A. ‘Do not commit murder’.

B. ‘Do not accuse anyone falsely’.

C. ‘Do not steal’.

D. ‘Do not desire another man’s house’.

4. Who among the following people was a judge in Israel?

A. Joshua.

 

B. Gideon.

C. Aaron.

D. Miriam.

5. Who among the following kings was punished by God because of performing the duty of a priest?

A. Jehu.

B. Ahab.

C. Saul.

D. Ahaz.

6. Who among the following kings is famous for being wise?
A. David.

 

1. Who among the following people is the father of the Jews?
A. Moses.

B. Jeroboam.

C. Rehoboam.

D. Solomon.

7. The boy raised to life by prophet Elijah was the son of the
A. Shunammite woman

B. Canaanite woman

C. widow of Zarephath

D. widow of Nain.

 

2001:-Q62-69

8. God changed the name of Abram to Abraham

mainly because he wanted to

A. make him a father of nations

B. give him a new land

C. make him rich

D. give him protection.

 

9. Joseph the son of Jacob was sold by his brothers because they
A. hoped to become rich

B. were jealous

C. needed food

D. wanted to visit Egypt.

 

10. Which one of the following qualities of God is shown on the night the Jews left Egypt?
A. He is the creator.

B. He is forgiving.

C. He is a saviour.

D. He is holy.

11. Who among the following people asked God to forgive the Israelites at Mount Sinai?
A. Moses.

B. Joshua.

C. Miriam.

D. Aaron.

 

12. David annoyed God when he

A. killed Goliath

B. killed Uriah

C. cried over the death of Saul

D. married many women.

 

13. ‘Give me the wisdom I need to rule your people with justice’ (1 Kings 3:9). These words were spoken by King
A. Ahaz

B. Solomon

C. Jeroboam

D. Ahab.

 

14. Who among the following prophets anointed Saul to be King of Israel?
A. Elisha.

B. Isaiah.

C. Nathan.

D. Samuel.

15. The prophets of Baal were put to test by Elijah on Mount Carmel to show that
A. God answers prayers

B. God is three in one

C. Baal was asleep

D. Baal was a coward.

 

2002:-Q62-69

16. Which one of the following activities shows Abraham’s obedience to God?
A. Moving from Haran to Canaan.

B. Visiting his cousin Lot.

C. Going to Egypt.

D. Marrying Sarah.

 

17. Joseph was able to overcome the temptations from the wife of Potipher because he
A. feared his father Jacob

B. was hardworking

C. was physically strong

D. believed in God.

 

18. Which one of the following activities was carried out by the Israelites on the night of the Passover in Egypt? They
A. worshipped the golden calf

B. offered their first borns to God

C. ate roast meat

D. drank wine.

65. ‘Do not desire another man’s house; do not desire his wife, his slaves, his cattle, his donkeys or anything else that he owns.’(Exodus 20:17)
Who among the following people broke this commandment?
A. Ahab.

B. Joshua.

C. Saul.

D. Moses.

 

19. Which one of the following values do Christians learn from the story of Gideon when he was led by the spirit to defeat the Midianites?
A. Courage.

B. Honesty.

C. Kindness.

D. Tolerance

 

20. Who among the following prophets challenged the worship of Baal on Mount Carmel?
A. Micah.

B. Samuel

C. Elijah.

D. Isaiah.

 

21. In which one of the following ways did King David

make Jerusalem a centre of worship?

A. Building the temple.

B. Defeating his enemies.

C. Appointing priests to serve in the temple.

D. Bringing in the ark of the covenant.

 

22. According to prophet Jeremiah the new covenant would be different from the old covenant because it will be
A. written in peoples’ hearts

B. written on stone tablets

C. for the Gentiles

D. sealed by animal blood

 

(2003:-Q62-69)

23. The sign of the covenant made between Noah and God was
A. water

B. rainbow

C. cloud

D. blood.

 

24. Joseph became a famous man in the land of Egypt

mainly because he was

A. courageous

B. forgiving

C. hardworking

D. faithful.

25. Which one of the following activities shows what the Israelites did with the blood of the lambs they killed on the Passover night? They
A. put it on their doorposts

B. poured it in their gardens

C. took it to Moses

D. poured it in the rivers of Egypt.

 

26. The main lesson the Israelites learnt about God when the Egyptians drowned in the Red sea was that. He is
A. jealous

B. powerful

C. holy

D. merciful.

 

5. Who among the following kings disobeyed God’s command to kill all the animals captured in war?
A. Saul.

B. Jeroboam.

C. Solomon.

D. Ahab.

 

27. Jesse, the father of David lived in

A. Bethlehem

B. Jerusalem

C. Samaria

D. Nazareth.

28. Who among the following people was thrown into the

lion’s den?

A. Darius.

B. Daniel.

C. Shadrack.

D. Nebuchadnezzar.

 

29. The prophet who anointed Solomon to be King of Israel was
A. Samuel

B. Gad

C. Nathan

D. Elijah.

 

(2004:-Q62-69)

30. Which one of the following is a lesson that Christians learn from the story of Joseph in prison?

A. God protects the innocent.

B. God forgives his people.

C. People should have dreams.

D. People should look after their parents.

 

31. God led the people of Israel through the wilderness to the promised land by use of

A. fire and smoke

B. fire and cloud

C. wind and rainfall

D. thunder and lightening

32. Which one among the following activities did Joshua carry out during the Exodus?

A. He led the Israelites out of Egypt.

B. He made the golden calf for the Israelites.

C. He received the ten commandments from God.

D. He led the Israelites in crossing river Jordan.

 

33. Which one of the following is the main reason why the Israelites celebrated the Passover? It reminded them of

A. their going to Egypt

B. God’s saving power in Egypt

C. the Manna they ate in the desert

D. their sufferings in the desert

 

34. David is remembered as a great king of Israel because he

A. killed Goliath

B. married many wives

C. built a palace for himself

D. killed wild animals

 

35. The main reason why King Solomon built the temple in Jerusalem was

A. to unite the people of Israel

B. have a place for offering sacrifices to God

C. have a place for keeping the Ark of the Covenant

D. to fulfil the prophecy of Nathan

36. Who among the following people was a priest when Samuel was called by God?

A. Elkana.

B. Elijah.

C. Aaron.

D. Eli.

 

37. Who among the following prophets refers to the Messiah. as “the Prince of Peace”?

A. Isaiah.

B. Jeremiah.

C. Amos.

D. Hosea.

 

(Q 62-69) 2005

38. Who among the following people was commanded by God to build an ark?

A. Noah.

B. Laban.

C. Isaac.

D. Joshua.

 

39. Which one of the following promises was made by God to Abraham during his call? He was promised that he would
A. become a priest

B. be blessed

C. rule forever

D. have a strong kingdom.

40. God said “I am who I am” (Exodus 3:14). These words were spoken to Moses when he was

A. crossing the Red Sea

B. given the Ten Commandments

C. looking after his father-in-law’s sheep

D. performing miracles in Egypt.

 

41. The main lesson the Israelites learnt about God when He gave them manna during the Exodus is that He is

A. everlasting

B. humble

C. holy

D. caring.

 

42. Moses poured blood on the Israelites during the Covenant at Mount Sinai because he wanted them to

A. be loyal to God

B. defeat their enemies

C. go to Canaan

D . forget about Egypt.

 

43. Who among the following people was a judge in Israel?
A. Ruth.

B. Hannah.

C. Deborah.

D. Zipporah.

 

44. Who among the following kings of Israel was a musician?

A. Saul.

B. David.

C. Ahaz.

D. Jeroboam.

 

45. The prophet who showed faith in God at Mount Carmel is
A. Hosea

B. Elisha

C. Amos

D. Elijah.

 

(Q62-69) 2006

46. Who among the following people was asked by God to give his son as a sacrifice?

A. Abraham.

B. Noah.

C. Moses.

D. Jacob.

 

47. From the incident when Joseph welcomed his brothers in Egypt Christians learn that they should be

A. courageous

B. obedient

C. kind

D. repentant.

 

48. The Jews celebrate the Passover feast to remember when

A. they were given the ten commandments

B. Moses was called by God

C. Noah built the Ark

D. they were delivered from Egypt.

 

49. Which one of the following commandments shows respect for human life?
A. “Do not steal.”

B. “Do not commit adultery.”

C. “Do not accuse anyone falsely.”

D. “Do not murder.”

 

50. Who among the following kings of Israel took Naboth’s vineyard?

A. Saul.

B. Ahab.

C. David.

D. Jeroboam.

51. From the story of King Solomon the best gift one can ask God for is
A. wisdom

B. riches

C. protection

D. courage.

 

52. Which one of the following statements is true about the teaching of Jeremiah on the New Covenant?
A. The laws will be written on people’s hearts.

B. The Israelites will serve God as priests.

C. God will punish children for the sins of their parents.
D. The Israelites will be given an everlasting kingdom.

53. Who among the following prophets foretold that the Messiah would be born in the town of Bethlehem?
A. Amos.

B. Micah.

C. Daniel.

D. Malachi.
(Q62-69) 2007

54. From the call of Abraham, Christians learn that they should
A. go to strange lands to preach the good news

B. travel in groups when going on a journey

C. believe in dreams

D. live in peace.

 

55. The father of Esau and Jacob was

A. Laban

B. Joseph

C. Noah

D. Isaac.

 

56. Moses was not willing to go back to Egypt when he was sent by God mainly because
A. the Israelites did not know him

B. he was afraid of the Egyptian Pharaoh

C. his family was in Midian

D. he was not good in speaking.

 

57. Which one of the following commandments teaches Christians to be satisfied with what they have?
A. Respect your father and mother.

B. Do not accuse anyone falsely.

C. Keep the Sabbath day holy.

D. Do not desire your neighbours’ property.

 

58. Which one of the following was an achievement of King David?
A. Writing the first books of the Bible.

B. Bringing the Ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.

C. Fighting against idol worship in Israel.

D. Judging cases in Israel.

 

59. “I inherited the vineyard from my ancestors”

Naboth replied. “The Lord forbid that I should let you have it” (I Kings 21:3).

From this incident of King

Ahab and Naboth, Christians learn that they should

A. work as a team

B. enjoy the fruits of their labour

C. look after their gardens

D. be fair in their dealings.

 

60. Prophet Elisha told the Shunamite woman that she was going to have a son because she

A. had asked for a miracle

B. was a hardworking woman

C. was a kind person

D. was a famous person.

 

61. Which one of the following was a prophecy of Isaiah about the Messiah? He would be

A. born of a virgin

B. born in Jerusalem

C. called a Nazarine

D. called out of Egypt.

 

(Q62-69) 2008

62. God punished the people during the time of Noah by sending
A. flood

B. fire

C. wind

D. earthquake.

 

63. The main lesson Christians learn from the call of Abraham by God is that they should be
A. tolerant

B. obedient

C. caring

D. merciful.

 

64. During the Passover night, the Israelites were to eat

bitter herbs to show

A. their painful life in Egypt

B. that they were God’s people

C. that God was with them

D. their readiness to leave Egypt.

 

65. A problem faced by the Israelites during the exodus was lack of

A. clothing

B. leaders

C. water

D. livestock.

 

 

66. Which one of the following qualities of leadership was
mainly shown by David when he fought Goliath?

A. Honesty.

B. Humility.

C. Faithfulness.

D. Courage.

 

67. Which one of the following sins was committed by King Solomon? He

A. took other people’s property

B. gave the Israelites land to foreigners

C. killed the prophets of God

D. married foreign wives.

 

68. Which one of the following miracles was performed by both prophet Elijah and Elisha?

A. Raising the son of the Shunammite woman.

B. Purification of the water.

C. Multiplication of oil.

D. Bringing fire from heaven

 

69. Jeremiah refused to accept the call to become a prophet of God because he felt he was

A. too young

B. too busy

C. physically weak

D. a sinful man.

 

(Q62-69) 2009

70. The main reason why Noah built an ark was to make him be able to
A. fulfill God’s wish

B. Worship God there

C. keep the animals

D. hide his family.

71. “Leave your country, your relatives and your father’s home and go to the land that I am going to show you.” (Genesis 12:1)

God spoke these words to

A. Abram

B. Joseph

C. Jacob

D. Elisha

72. Which one of the following happenings took place during the night marking the start of the Exodus?

A. Moses killed an Egyptian.

B. All first born sons of the Egyptians died.

C. Water in river Nile turned into blood.

D. Frogs filled the land of Egypt.

 

73. Which of the following commandments was broken by the Israelites when they worshipped the golden bull calf at Mount Sinai?

A. ‘Do not commit adultery.’

B. ‘Do not desire another person’s property.’

C. ‘Do not make for yourselves image.’

D. ‘Do not accuse anyone falsely.’

 

74. Who among the following people was anointed as the first King of Israel?

A. Saul

B. David

C. Solomon.

D. Ahab.

75. Jerusalem was considered a Jewish religious centre of worship because
A. many people lived there

B. it was built on a hill

C. it was in the middle of the kingdom

D. it had the Ark of the Covenant.

 

76. Who among the following couples were the parents of prophet Samuel?

A. Sarah and Abraham.

B. Rebecca and Isaac.

C. Hannah and Elkanah.

D. Ruth and Boaz.

 

78. But the Lord said to me, “Do not say you are too young, but go to the people I send you to…..” (Jeremiah 1:7)

The main lesson Christians learn from this is that

A. They should obey God’s command

B. They should be concerned about others

C. God cares for his people

D. God wants them to be holy.

 

(Q61-69) 2010

79. Which one of the following actions by Adam shows that he had power over the creation?

A. Tilling the land.

B. Naming the animals.

C. Marrying Eve

D. Eating the fruits.

 

80. The main reason why God asked Noah to build the ark was to

A. save Noah’s family.

B. store foodstuffs

C. separate the sinners from the righteous

D. assist him to move to the mountain.

 

81. The main virtue that the children of Israel were required to have when crossing the Red Sea was

A. honesty

B. holiness

C. tolerance

D. obedience.

82. Who among the following people is the father of faith?

A. Jacob.

B. Abraham.

C. Isaac.

D. Joseph.

 

83. When the Israelites went to receive the ten

commandment, God’s presence was shown through

A. fire

B. flaming torch

C. earthquake

D. strong wind.

 

84. Who among the following Kings of Israel annoyed God when he took Uriah’s wife?

A. Rehoboam.

B. Jeroboam.

C. David.

D. Solomon.

 

85. The main lesson Christians learn from the story of King Ahab and Naboth is that

A. one should be truthful.

B. land belongs to the community.

C. one should control his desires.

D. one should obey the laws of the land.

 

86. When David was anointed by Prophet Samuel he was

A. Going to fight with Goliath.

B. Taking food for his brothers.

C. Playing music for King Saul.

D. Herding the father’s sheep.

 

87. The prophet who was called by God when still young was

A. Jeremiah

B. Isaiah

C. Hosea

D. Amos.

 

JESUS
AND THE NEW TESTAMENT

1. (Q70-77) 2000

D. shepherd.

72. The main message of John the Baptist to the people was to A. become his disciples
B. repent their sins

C. love one another

D. feed one another.

73. ‘Worship the Lord your God and serve only him’ (Luke 4:8). These words were said by Jesus during his
A. temptation

B. baptism

C. crucifixion

D. transfiguration.

74. The main lesson Christians learn from the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand is to be
A. generous

B. courageous

C. obedient

D. honest.

75. Which one of the following parables of Jesus teaches about treating neighbours well? The parable of the

70. Which one of the following happenings took place when Jesus was born?

A. Mary visited Elizabeth.

B. Zechariah began to speak.

C. The angels sang.

A. rich fool.

B. sower.

C. sheep.

D. Samaritan.

D. There was an earthquake.

71. Joseph the husband of Mary worked as a

A. carpenter

B. fisherman

C. preacher

K.C.P.E REVISION

76. Who among the following disciples of Jesus broke the law of love because of his greed for money?
A. Peter.

B. John.

C. Judas.

D. James.
506

77. ‘Remember me, Jesus, when you come as King’

(Luke 23:42). These words were spoken by the thief on the
cross because he was

A. innocent
B. patient
C. repentant
D. tolerant.

(Q70-77) 2001

D. look for food when hungry.

 

73. A miracle of Jesus which shows His power over nature is the
A. healing of the paralysed man

B. walking on water

C. healing the blind man

D. raising of Jairus’ daughter.

70. When Jesus was born, the angel appeared to

the shepherds to

A. help them guard animals

B. tell them the good news

C. warn them about Herod

D. guide them to Bethlehem.

 

71. ‘Didn’t you know that I had to be in my father’s house?’ (Luke 2:49). When did Jesus say these words?
A. When he was found by his parents in the temple.
B. When he chased the traders from the temple.

C. During his baptism by John.

D. During his trial before the High Priest.

 

72. The temptation of Jesus in the desert teaches Christians that they should
A. seek earthly riches

B. run away from trials

C. do the will of God

74. Which one of the following is the main reason why Jesus mixed with sinners?
A. He came from a poor family.

B. Sinners were hated by other people.

C. He came to save all people.

D. Sinners were friendly to him.

 

75. Which one of the following actions of Mary and Martha best shows their love for their brother Lazarus?
A. Staying with the mourners.

B. Showing Jesus Lazarus’ grave.

C. Welcoming Jesus to their home.

D. Informing Jesus about Lazarus’ sickness.

 

76. ‘This is my body, which is given for you.’ (Luke 22:19). These words were said by Jesus during the
A. last supper

B. trial before Pilate

C. crucifixion on the cross

D. ascension into heaven.

 

77. Who among the following people helped Jesus to carry the cross?
A. Joseph of Arimathea.

B. Simon of Cyrene.

C. Peter.

D. Nicodemus.

 

(Q70-77) 2002

70. Through which one of the following ways did God tell Joseph to return to Israel with baby Jesus after the death of King Herod?
A. The shepherds.

B. The wisemen.

C. A dream.

D. Zechariah.

 

71. From the incident when Jesus went with his parents to the Temple at the age of twelve the main lesson Christians learn is that
A. parents should discipline their children

B. children should obey their parents

C. children should be concerned about their parents
D. parents should pray for their children.

 

72. When Jesus healed the leper he asked him to

present himself to the priest. This shows that Jesus

A. wanted to please the priest

B. wanted the man to respect him

C. wanted the man to be cured

D. had come to fulfil the law.

 

73. From the incident when Jesus calmed the storm, Christians learn that they should have
A. faith

B. honesty

C. obedience

D. humility.

 

74. The parable of the friend at midnight teaches Christians that they should
A. ask for advice from neighbours

B. be ready to forgive others

C. ask for food from neighbours

D. pray without giving up.

 

75. Which one of the following is a teaching of Jesus on the love of enemies?
A. Pray for those who mistreat you.

B. Curse those who curse you.

C. Love those who love you.

D. Lend and expect back.

 

76. ‘I find no reason to condemn this man.’ (Luke 23:4). Who among the following people said this during

the trial of Jesus?

A. Herod.

B. Pilate.

C. The High Priest.

D. Barabas.

 

77. In which one of the following ways did Jesus prove to the disciples that he had resurrected?
A. Baptising them.

B. Healing the sick.

C. Eating with them.

D. Washing their feet.

 

(Q70-77) 2003

 

1. When Jesus was presented in the temple, prophetess Anna described him as
A. Son of God

B. Lamb of God

C. Prince of peace

D. Savior of the Jews.

 

2. “Do not collect more than is legal” (Luke 3:13).

These words were said by John the Baptist to teach about

A. honesty

B. tolerance

C. humility

D. mercy.

3. The main lesson Christians learn from the parable of the rich man and Lazarus is that
A. the needy should be taken care of

B. those who enjoy now will suffer after death

C. one must suffer in order to enter heaven

D. one should know that this life is temporary.

 

4. Which one of the following actions of Jesus shows that a leader is a servant?
A. Washing the feet of his disciples.

B. Mixing with sinners.

C. Visiting Martha and Mary.

D. Riding on a donkey to Jerusalem.

 

5. Pilate washed his hands after trying Jesus to show that
A. Jesus was king of Jews

B. he was afraid of the Jews

C. he had nothing to do with the case

D. he was obedient to the Jewish laws.

 

6. Which one of the following reasons explains why the tomb of Jesus was protected?
A. The Jewish leaders feared that the body would be stolen.
B. The disciples wanted it to be guarded.

C. The crowd might want to visit the tomb.

D. The disciples feared that wild animals would

eat the body.

 

(Q70-77) 2004

7.. Who among the following people visited baby Jesus?

A. The Samaritans.

B. King Herod.

C. The Pharisees.

D. The Shepherds.

 

8. Who among the following people were in the temple when Jesus was dedicated to God?

A. Zachariah and Elizabeth.

B. Simeon and Anna.

C. Ananias and Saphira.

D. Lazarus and Martha.

 

9. During the baptism of Jesus, a voice was heard from heaven saying that

A. “There is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.”
B. “This is my own dear son with whom I am well pleased.”

C. “He will be called a Nazarene.”

D. “He will be called the wonderful counsellor.”

 

10. Which one of the following parables of Jesus teaches about forgiveness? The parable of the

A. sower

B. good Samaritan

C. prodigal son

D. rich man and Lazarus

11. Jesus performed miracles mainly to show that he had
A. come to conquer evil

B. love for the people

C. power over death

D. power over nature

12. “I promise you that today you will be in paradise with me.” (Luke 23: 43) Jesus said these words when he was

A. in the garden of Gethsamane

B. at the sea of Tiberias

C. on the way to Emmaus

D. on the cross

 

13. After the resurrection of Jesus, he told his disciples to wait in Jerusalem for the Holy Spirit who would help them to
A. become wealthy

B. conquer the Roman Empire

C. serve in the Jewish council

D. preach the good news

 

14. The resurrection of Jesus teaches Christians to be

A. tolerant

B. obedient

C. hopeful

D. Honest

 

(Q70-77) 2005
15. Which one of the following reasons best explains why angel Gabriel announced that Mary’s son was to be

holy? He was to

A. be great

B. rule forever

C. be conceived by the Holy Spirit

D. be born in Bethlehem.

 

16. King Herod wanted to know the place baby Jesus was born in order to go and

A. kill him

B. worship him

C. offer him gifts

D. meet his parents.

 

17. Which one of the following statements is a teaching of Jesus from the sermon on the Mount?
A. Let the children come to me.

B. Love your enemies and pray for them

C. You must be born of water and spirit.

D. Sell your property and have riches in heaven.

 

18. The Pharisees and the Scribes condemned Jesus for healing on the Sabbath because they thought that?
A. he was breaking the law

B. he was the son of a carpenter

C. the sick were sinners

D. he was seeking popularity.

 

19. Which one of the following parables of Jesus teaches about prayer? The parable of the

A prodigal son

B. great banquet

C. mustard seed

D. friend at midnight.

 

20. After Jesus healed the ten lepers, the one who went back to thank him was a
A. Jew

B. Cananite

C. Samaritan

D. Syrian.

 

21. Jesus asked his disciples to pray at the Mount of Olives because he wanted them to

A. stay awake

B. avoid falling into temptations

C. save him from his enemies

D. go with him to Pilate.

 

22. Who among the following people prepared the body of Jesus for burial?

A. Joseph of Arimathea.

B. Symon of Cyrene.

C. Cleopas.

D. Andrew.

23. “Unless I see the scars of the nails in his hands, and put my finger on those scars and my hand in his side, I will not believe.” (John 20:25) When did Thomas speak these words?

A. When Jesus was on the cross.

B. During the miraculous catch of fish.

C. During the journey to Emmaus.

D. When the disciples told him they had seen the risen 27. Which one of the following parables of Jesus teaches

Lord.

 

(Q70-78) 2006
24. After Angel Gabriel told Zechariah that his wife would bear him a son, Zechariah was unable to speak because he
A. was so shocked to hear the news

B. did not want anybody to know the message given
C. had been told not to tell anyone else

D. did not believe in the message.

 

25. Herod wanted to kill Jesus when he was born because he feared that Jesus would
A. stop people from paying taxes

B. convert the Jews to another religion

C. take over as ruler of the Jews

 

D. stop people from going to the synagogues.

26. “So when you give something to a needy person, do not make a big show of it” (Matthew 6: 2). Which one of the following values do Christians learn from this teaching?
A. Humility.

B. Patience.

C. Loyalty.

D. Obedience.

Christians to take care of people with special needs? The parable of the
A. sower

B. good Samaritan

C. talents

D. mustard seed.

 

28. The lesson Christians learn from the healing of the ten lepers is that they should
A. seek God in prayer

B. be righteous in their daily dealings

C. try to be happy in life

D. practise the art of thankfulness.

 

29. When Zacchaeus said that he would give half of his belongings to the poor it showed that he
A. had acquired a lot of wealth

B. had always wanted to help the needy

C. was sorry for having acquired wealth wrongly

D. wanted people to think that he was a good person.

30. In which one of the following occasions did Jesus identify the disciple who was going to betray him?
A. At the trial before Pilate.

B. During the last supper.

C. During the transfiguration.

D. When he was cleansing the temple.

 

31. The action of Jesus which teaches Christians that

there is life after death is

A. feeding the hungry

B. raising of Lazarus

C. healing the sick

D. driving out demons.

 

(Q70-77) 2007
32. The reason why Joseph and Mary went to Bethlehem the night Jesus was born is because they wanted to

A. meet their parents

B. meet king Herod

C. register in their home town

D. look for a place to deliver the baby.

talents is to

A. help their workmates

B. use their abilities well

C. love one another

D. get advice from the leaders.

 

36. Which one of the following miracles of Jesus shows that he was a universal saviour?

A. The healing of the centurion’s servant.

B. The healing of the blind Bartimaeus.

C. The cure of the paralysed man.

D. The feeding of the five thousand.

C. accepted to stay with them

D. explained to them the written word.

 

(Q70-77) 2008
40.70. Which one of the following activities is correctly matched with the people who performed it during the early life of Jesus?

Activity People

A. Visiting Elizabeth – Anna

B. Following a star – Simeon

C. Burning incense – Zechariah

D. Looking after the flock – wise men

 

71. Joseph and Mary took baby Jesus to Egypt because

A. the Pharaoh wanted to see him.

B. they were going for registration.

C. parents had to take their children there.

D. Herod wanted to kill him.

 

41. Which one of the following parables of Jesus encourages Christians to bring members back to church? The parable of the

A. good Samaritan

B. lost coin

C. sower

D. rich man and Lazarus.

 

42. “The son of man is the Lord of the Sabbath. ” (Luke 6:5).

Those words were spoken by Jesus when

A. he calmed the storm

B. he healed a paralysed man

C. his disciples picked ears of corn

D. he healed the woman with the flow of blood.

 

43. The main lesson Christians learn from the healing of the man with demons is that Jesus

A. forgives sins

B. is a provider

C. has power over nature

D. has power over evil.

 

44. The main lesson Christians learn from the teaching of Jesus on wealth is that it should be

A. used for personal requirements

B. shared with the needy

C. sold out to others

D. used to make profits.

 

45. Which one of the following events took place when Jesus was at the garden of Gethsemane? Jesus was
A. transfigured

B. arrested

C. lifted up to heaven

D. crucified on the Cross.

 

46. A lesson Christians learn about Jesus from Cleopas and his friend on their way to Emmaus is that Jesus

A. is the bread of life

B. will judge the world

K.C.P.E REVISION 514

C. brings salvation to people

D. is the light of the world.

 

(Q70-77) 2009
47. Which one of the following happenings took place on the eighth day after Jesus was born?

A. The angel appeared to Mary.

B. Jesus was circumcised.

C. The angel appeared to the shepherds.

D. Jesus was dedicated.

48. From the incident when King Herod failed to kill baby Jesus, Christians learn that

A. God loves honest people

B. they should be wise in their actions

C. God protects his people

D. they should forgive others.

 

49. Jesus was baptized in the river Jordan. The main
lesson Christians learn from this is to

A. obey the church leaders

B. identify with their church

C. keep away from sin

D. prepare for the work of God.

50. Which one of the following statements from the New Testament is a beatitude?
A. “The Lord is with you and has greatly blessed you.”

B. “Happy are those who believe without seeing me.”
C. “How happy you are to believe the Lord’s message.”

D. “Happy are those who are merciful to others, God will be merciful to them.”

51. The parable of the widow and the judge teaches Christians to
A. keep on praying

B. look for the lost

C. live in joy

D. be repentant.

 

52. The main lesson Christians learn from the miracle of the raising of Lazarus is to

A. look for help

B. have courage

C. be thankful

D. have faith.

 

53. The army officer who saw Jesus dying on the cross described him as
A. kind person

B. powerful man

C. humble person

D. good man.

54. The two disciples whom Jesus met after his resurrection were on their way to

A. Emmaus

B. Jerusalem

C. Jericho

D. Bethlehem.

K.C.P.E REVISION 515

(Q70-77) 2010
55. The main lesson Christians learn from the announcement of the births of John and Jesus is that they should

A. be ready to do God’s work

B. Trust in God’s power

C. be humble before God

D. be prayerful

 

56. King Herod wanted to kill baby Jesus because A Jesus was born in Bethlehem
B. Jesus was born in a poor family

C. he feared that Jesus would become famous

D. Jesus crime from the house of David.

 

57. Which one of the following parables of Jesus teaches on the value of the Kingdom of God? The parable of the

A. mustard seed

B. grest feast

C. coin

D. courageous

 

58. The story of the rich man and Lazarus teaches Christians to be

A. caring

B. holy

C. faithful

D. courageous.

A. calming the storm

B. raising the dead

C. feeding the five thousand

D. changing water into wine.

 

90. The main reason why the Jewish people opposed Jesus is because he

A. healed on a Sabbath

B. claimed to be the Messiah

C. mixed with sinners

D. ate with unclean hands.

 

91. “Unless I see the scars of the nails in his hands and put my fingers on those scars and my hands on his side, 1 will not believe” (John 20:25) These words were spoken by Thomas when Jesus

A. was on the cross

B. shared a meal with the disciples

C. appeared to the disciples

D. had ascended into heaven.

 

THE EARLY CHURCH AND THE
CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY

(Q78-81) 2000

 

59. Which one of the following miracles of Jesus was performed by Peter?

78. Who among the following people died because of cheating the apostles?
A. Stephen.

B. Ananias.

C. Cornelius.

D. Philip.

79. Paul was called by God mainly to

A. preach the gospel to the Gentiles

B. go to Damascus for baptism

C. stop persecuting Christians

D. heal the sick.

80. Which one of the following statements from the Apostles’ Creed teaches that Jesus is the Son of God? A. Descended into hell.
B. Suffered under Pontius Pilate.

C. Conceived by the Holy Spirit.

D. Crucified, died and was buried.

81. Which one of the following activities by the early Christians shows a fruit of the Holy Spirit?
A. Preached the gospel.

B. Lived in joy.

C. Performed miracles.

D. Spoke in tongues.

Q90,2000

The main reason why Christian missionaries came to Kenya was to
A. introduce western education

B. stop slave trade

C. spread the gospel

D. stop female circumcision

(Q78-79) 2001

On the day of Pentecost the Holy Spirit came down in the form of
A. a cloud

B. a dove

C. fire

D. water.

 

79. Who among the following people was the first Christian to be killed because of his faith?
A. Philip.

B. Paul.

C. James.

D. Stephen

Q90,2001

Which one of the following was the work of the early Christian missionaries in Kenya?
A. Building schools.

B. Appointing local rulers.

C. Setting boundaries for colonies.

D. Building the railway.

 

(Q78-80) 2002

78. ‘Jesus Christ makes you well. Get up and make you bed’. At once Aenas got up. (Acts of the Apostle 9:34) These words were spoken by Peter when he was in
A. Joppa

B. Lydda

C. Jerusalem

D. Antioch.

 

79. Who among the following people prayed for those who persecuted him?
A. Peter.

B. Thomas.

C. Stephen.

D. Andrew.

 

80. Who among the following people in the New Testament is referred to as the ‘Apostle to the Gentiles’?
A. James.

B. Matthew.

C. Paul.

D. John.

 

Q90,2002

The first mission school in Kenya was started in Rabai mainly because the Africans
A. needed to read the Bible

B. wanted to read in English

C. needed white collar jobs

D. wanted to trade.

 

(Q77-8O) 2003
1. Which one of the following activities by the early church best shows how their members lived in

unity?

A. Singing praises.

B. Baptising one another.

C. Reciting the Scriptures.

D. Sharing food.

2. Who among the following people offered money

to Peter and John so as to receive the Holy Spirit?

A. Joseph of Cyprus.

B. Simon of Samaria.

C. Cleopas.

D. James.

 

3. Who among following people baptised the Ethiopian eunuch?
A. Stephen.

B. Paul.

C. Philip.

D. Peter.

 

4. According to Saint Paul’s teaching a Christian should love his wife as much as
A. Christ loves the Church

B. he loves his friends

C. his wife loves him

D. Christ loves the world.

 

5. Which one of the following activities by Christians today is an example of the gifts of the Holy Spirit?
A. Reading the Bible.
B. Collecting offerings.

C. Cleaning the church.
D. Singing in the choir. Q85,2003

6. Heal the sick, bring the dead back to life, heal those who suffer from dreaded diseases …..

C. Freretown.

D. Kaimosi.

 

Q90,2004

” (Matthew 10:8). The early Christian missionaries to Kenya obeyed this command by
A. training teachers

B. teaching people hygiene

C. building the railway

D. training catechists. Q90,2003

7. Which one of the following is a reason why Stephen was stoned to death? He

A. wanted to lead a rebellion

B. refused to deny Jesus

C. refused to pay taxes

D. worked on the Sabbath day Q78,2004

10. Paul the apostle advises Christians to obey those in authority because
A. they are powerful

B. their rule is perfect

C. they are chosen by God

D. they are well to do.

Q79,2005

11. Which one of the following activities did Johann Ludwig Krapf involve himself in as a missionary in Kenya?

A. Building railway stations.

B. Appointing local chiefs.

C. Building mission stations.

 

8. Three of the following activities in the early church demonstrated unity among the believers. Which one does not?

D. Planting cash crops.

Q90,2005

A. Meeting in the temple for worship.

B. Helping the needy.

C. Breaking of the bread.

D. Speaking in tongues.

Q80,2004

9. Which one of the following mission stations in Kenya was started as a colony for freed slaves?
A. Maseno.

B. Kikuyu.

(Q78-81) 2006

12. Which one of the following beliefs about God is found in the Apostles Creed? He is
A. just

B. holy

C. loving

D. almighty.

 

13. Who among the following people was raised by Peter from the dead?

A. Tabitha.

B. Lydia.

C. Priscilla.

D. Aquilla.

 

14. The main lesson to be learnt from the story of Ananias and Sapphira is that Christians should

A. give out their property for sale

B. be honest in all that they do

C. punish those who tell lies

D. repent when they sin.

 

15. Which one of the following is a gift of the Holy Spirit?

A. Goodness.

B. Gentleness.

C. Self-control.

D. Prophecy.

 

16. Which one of the following activities best shows that Christians are disciples of Jesus Christ?

A. Laying of hands.

B. Giving offerings.

C. Speaking in tongues.

D. Preaching the gospel.

Q85,2006

 

(Q78-81) 2007

17. 78. From the Apostle’s creed we learn that God is

A. a saviour

B. a judge

C. our father

D. our Lord

 

18. Which one of the following happenings took place on the day of Pentecost?

A. Jesus ascended into heaven. B The rocks split apart.
C. A lame man was healed.

D. People spoke in many languages.

 

19. Which one of the following is a gift of the Holy Spirit

A. Wisdom.

B. Goodness.

C. Gentleness.

D. Humility.

 

20. The early Christians chose the seven deacons because they wanted them to

A. distribute food among the widows

B. help Christians sell their property

C. witness to the believers in prison

D. stop the persecution of believers

 

(Q78-81) 2008

21. On the day of Pentecost people spoke in many languages because they
A. were drunk

B. were filled with the Holy Spirit

C. were confused

D. came from different places.

22 Which one of the following statements is true about Ananias and Sapphira? They
A. were stoned to death

B. lived in Nazareth

C. performed miracles

D. were dishonest.

23. During the time of the early church, the apostles were assisted to share money among the believers by

A. pastors

B. priests

C. bishops

D. deacons.

 

24. Which one of the following acts of worship was done by Paul and Silas when they were in prison? They

A. took the Holy communion

B. sang hymns

C. repented their sins

D. read scriptures.

 

(Q78-81) 2009

26. Who among the following disciples was chosen to replace Judas as an apostle of Christ?

A. Matthias.

B. Barnabas.

C. Simeon of Cyrene

D. Joseph of Arimathea.

 

27. “I see heaven opened and the Son of Man standing at the right side of God.”

(Acts 7:56). These words were spoken by Stephen when he was
A. serving food

B. helping widows

C. performing miracles

D. preaching to the people.

 

28.. What was Saul going to do in Damascus when he was blinded by a strong light?
A. meet with Ananias

B. persecute the believers

C. be baptised

D. meet with the gentiles.

 

(Q77-81) 2010

 

25. Which one of the following events took place on the day of Pentecost?
A. The curtain of the Temple was torn in two.

B. The believers spoke in other languages.

C. Jesus was taken up to heaven

D. Saul became an apostle of Jesus.

29. Which one of the following took place on the day of Pentecost?

A. The believers spoke in different languages.

B. A crippled person was healed.

C. The disciples saw the risen Christ.

D. The disciples drunk wine.

30. Stephen met his death through being

A. burnt

B. crucified

C. beheaded

D. stoned.

 

31. Which one of the following events took place as Paul was on the way to Damascus?

A. Ananias came to baptize him.

B. A light from heaven struck him.

C. He lost the letters he had.

D. He spoke strange languages.

RELIGIOUS HERITAGE

(Q82-85) 2000
82. In some traditional African communities people worshipped under a tree because it
A. gave them fruits

B. was God’s dwelling place

C. protected them from the wind

D. was beautiful.

83. Which one of the following traditional African practices is found in Christianity?

32. Lydia welcomed the needy in her home. The fruit of the holy spirit which she showed is

A. peace

B. patience

C. joy

A. Making libation.

B. Tattooing of the body.

C. Marrying many wives.

D. Giving of new names.

D. kindness

84. Which one of the following rituals in traditional African communities was mainly carried out by a priest?

33. Who among the following, people were sent to
take money to help the believers in Judea?

A. Phillip and Mathew.

B. Andrew and Mathias.

C. Barnabas and Saul.

A. Burying the afterbirth.

B. Shaving the hair.

C. Circumcising.

D. Offering sacrifices.

D. Silas and James

 

 

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL

85. In some traditional African communities shedding of blood during circumcision showed that the initiates were
A. strong and healthy

B. united with the ancestors

C. ready to lead others in prayer

D. separated from the community.

(Q80-84) 2001
80. Which one of the following beliefs about God is found in both Christianity and traditional African communities?
A. God became man.

B. God raises the dead.

C. God is everywhere.

D. God is three in one.

 

81. Which one of the following acts were performed by elders in traditional African communities during worship?
A. Sacrificing animals.

B. Reciting the creed.

C. Baptising members.

D. Serving the Holy Communion.

 

82. Which one of the following is the best reason why people in traditional African communities were expected to marry?
A. To be respected.

B. To have a partner.

C. To get children.

D. To be accepted.

 

83. In traditional African communities ancestors were respected mainly because they
A. appeared to the living in a dream

B. united the living and the dead

C. reminded people of the past

D. were the dead relatives.

 

84. Who among the following people is found in Christianity and traditional African communities?
A. Herbalist.

B. Rainmaker.

C. Diviner.

D. Prophet.

 

(Q81-84) 2002
81. Which one of the following statements is true

about traditional African religion and Christianity?

A. The followers pray in sacred places.

B. The followers offer animal sacrifices to the ancestors.
C. Both religions have a founder.

D. Both religions have a holy book.

 

82. In which one of the following ways did people in traditional African society give thanks to God for the blessings?
A. Giving offerings.

B. Visiting others.

C. Sharing land with foreigners.

D. Shaking hands.

83. Which one of the following is a rite of passage in traditional African society?
A. Baptism.

B. Confirmation.

C. Pregnancy.

D. Marriage.

 

84. In some traditional African societies boys and girls were allowed to mix freely when
A. working

B. feasting

C. dancing

D. playing.

 

(Q81-84) 2003

1. In traditional African communities people showed that God is holy mainly by

A. punishing offenders

B. worshipping him

C. telling stories about him

D. obeying the religious specialists.

 

2. Which one of the following teachings from the creation stories is found in both Christianity and traditional African Communities? Human beings
A. were created on the sixth day

B. were created in the image of God

C. should hike care of creation

D. should offer sacrifices to God.

3. When people were wealthy in traditional African societies the main explanation given was that they

were

A. blessed by God

B. hardworking

C. generous

D. wise.

 

4. The main reason why people shared things in traditional African communities was because they

wanted to

A. become famous

B. show concern

C. show unity

D. obey the ancestors

 

(Q81-84) 2004

5.. During worship, offerings are given in both

Christianity and traditional African communities as a way of showing

A. thanksgiving

B. mercy

C. patience

D. justice

 

6. The main virtue expected of the youth after initiation in traditional African communities is

A. responsibility

B. honesty

C. obedience

D. humility

 

7. Which one of the following marriage practices is found both in Christianity and traditional African communities?

A. Polygamy.

B. Divorce.

C. Wedding.

D. Wife inheritance.

 

 

 

8. Which one of the following practices is carried

in traditional African communities to remember the dead?

A. Removal of teeth.

B. Drinking of beer.

C. Tatooing of bodies.

D. Naming of children

 

(Q81-84) 2005

9. Which one of the following acts was performed by Priests during worship in traditional African communities?
A. Making sacrifices .

B. Baptising people.

C. Confirming people.

D. Giving Holy Communion.

 

10. In traditional African communities, initiation ceremonies were held to show that the
A. community enjoyed leisure

B. community was wealthy

C. New Year had begun

D. young had become adults.

 

11. The living dead in traditional African communities were mainly remembered through

A. holding dancing ceremonies

B. composing songs for them

C. pouring libation

D. lighting fire.

 

12. Which one of the following rituals was performed when a baby was born in traditional African communities?

A. Paying dowry.

B. Tatooing the body.

C. Shaving the hair.

D. Baptising the baby.

 

(Q82-84) 2006
13. In traditional African communities people reconciled with God mainly by

A. naming children after the dead

B. respecting the aged

C. making sacrifices

D. visiting shrines.

 

14. Which one of the following marriage practices is found in both Christianity and traditional African communities?

A. Giving gifts.

B. Tattooing the body.

C. Going to church.

D. Making libation.

15. Which one of the following is the main reason why traditional African communities are against abortion?
It

A. may lead to infertility

B. is a destruction of life

C. annoys the ancestors

D. may cause hatred in the family.

 

(Q82-85) 2007
16.. In some traditional African communities people worship in a cave because it
A. is a place to hide

B. is God’s dwelling place

C. protects them from danger

D. is a quiet place.

A. Prayers are offered for the couple.

B. A certificate is given to the couple.

C. Sacrifices are made to thank God.

D. Holy communion is given to the couple.

 

18. In traditional African communities kinship ties are important mainly because they

A. make relatives stay together

B. give guidance in matters of the family

C. make clan members to respect one another

D. give relatives a sense of belonging.

 

19. The youth in traditional African societies are taught moral values by
A. seers

B. peers

C. elders

D. warriors.

 

(Q82-84) 2008
20. Which one of the following beliefs about God is found in both traditional African communities and in the Apostles’ Creed? God
A. is the creator

B. is three in one

C. lives in caves

D. is the father of Jesus.

17. Which one of the following wedding practices is found
in both Christian and traditional African communities? 21. Gifts are given to a couple during the wedding in

both traditional African communities and Christianity 25. In traditional African communities children are told
mainly to

A. make them feel important

B. show that the two are special

C. ensure they have property in their home

D. make them responsible.

 

22. Who among the following people were not specialist in traditional African communities?

A. Rainmakers.

B. Warriors.

C. Prophets.

D. Diviners.

 

(Q82-84) 2009
23. Which one of the following types of worship is common in both Christianity and traditional African religion?

A. Reading the Bible.

B. Reciting creeds.

C. Giving offerings.

D Celebrating the Lord’s supper.

 

24. Three of the following activities in traditional African

communities show that there is life after death. Which one does not?

A. Pouring libations.

B. Singing and dancing.

C. Slaughtering animals.

D. Giving bride price.

stories mainly to

A. teach them moral values

B. entertain them

C. keep them busy

D. pass on community history.

 

(Q82-84) 2010
26.. In some traditional African communities people are reconciled with the ancestors through

A. naming of children

B. protecting the aged

C. paying of dowry

D. drinking beer.

 

27. The main reason why sex before marriage is discouraged in both Christianity and traditional African communities is because it

A. encourages prostitution

B. is considered holy

C. can lead to diseases

D. can lead to unwanted children.

 

28. Which one of the following is the main role of grandparents in the bringing up of children in traditional African communities?
A. Passing on the moral values.

B. Correcting the wrong doers.

C. Providing food for them.

 

CONTEMPORARY CHRISTIAN LIVING
(Q86-89) 2000

86. Which one of the following activities best promotes love among Christians?
A. Going to church.

B. Praying with others.

C. Caring for the hungry.

D. Visiting one another.

87. Your classmate James takes away your lunch and eats it. As a Christian what would you do?
A. Ask him to pay for it.

B. Tell him not to do it again.
C. Report him to the class prefect.

D. Announce it to the class.

88. John, a standard eight pupil who comes from a rich family ; despises other members of the class. As a Christian the best advice you would give him is that he should be
A. trustworthy

B. brave

C. humble

D. a peace maker.

89. Rose, a standard six pupil finds out that her friend Jane has not been doing her morning duties. As a Christian what should Rose do about it?
A. Report her to the class teacher.

B. Report her to the parents.

C. Tell her to be responsible.

D. Do the work for her.

 

(Q85-89) 2001

85. According to Christian teaching the greatest fruit of the Holy Spirit is
A. joy

B. love

C. hope

D. faith.

 

86. Sarah is sent to buy a kilogram of sugar. The shop keeper gives her more change. As a Christian, Sarah should
A. return it to the shopkeeper

B. keep quiet about it

C. use it to buy sweets

D. take it home.

 

87. Your deskmate Simon, has told you that he is suffering from AIDS As a Christian, which one the following is the best action to take?
A. Report the matter to the class teacher.

B. Change your sitting place.

C. Advise him to seek medical help.

D. Inform your classmates about it.

 

88. Peter, who is a rich man is thinking of how to use

K.C.P.E REVISION 528

his extra money. As a Christian, what advice would you give him?
A. Go for trips abroad.

B. Pay school fees for orphans.

C. Build a bigger house for his family.

D. Buy a farm for his family.

 

89. Jane, a standard eight pupil has been asked by her class teacher to go to school on the day of worship. As a Christian, the best advice you would give Jane is

A. obey the class teacher

B. talk to the church leader

C. transfer to another school

D. go to church.

 

(Q85-89) 2002

85. The main reason why Christians should obey their leaders is because they
A. are God’s representatives on earth

B. are chosen to rule with justice

C. keep peace in the community

D. ask people to do good.

 

86. Which one of the following activities would best promote good relationship between Christian parents and their children?
A. children asking advice from their parents

B. children being allowed to visit their relatives

C. parents being role models to their children

D. parents paying fees for their children.

 

87. Your classmate Jane, has refused to lend you a pen. As a Christian, what action would you take?
A. Ask the class teacher to talk to her.

B. Report her to the class prefect.

C. Tell her to help others.

D. Take the pen from her.

 

88. David played the harp for King Saul. (1 Samuel 16:23). This teaches Christians that leisure time should best be used for
A. helping others

B. enjoying oneself

C. developing new skills

D. visiting places.

 

89. Your friend Peter, does not want to wash dishes at home because he says that it is a dirty job. As a Christian, what advice would you give him? I would advise him to
A. ask his parents to employ a house help

B. understand that such work is good

C. move out of the home

D. tell his uncle to talk to his parents.

 

(Q86-89) 2003

1. As a Christian which one of the following is the

best advice to give to a person living with HIV/AIDS?
A. Avoid sitting close to others.

B. Do not greet others.

C. Do not donate blood.

D. Avoid sharing food.

 

2. Agnes, a Standard Seven pupil finds two Standard Three pupils fighting on their way home. As Christian, what action should Agnes take?
A. Stop them from fighting.

B. Pass and leave them fighting.

C. Report the matter to the teacher.

D. Tell them to go home.

 

3. Christopher, your friend is given money to buy

a pen but he plans to buy sweets instead. As a Christian what is the best advice to give him? Tell him to
A. buy the sweets and share.

B. buy the sweets another time.

C. share the money with friends.

D. follow the instructions given.

 

4. A Class six teacher has asked the pupils to weed the Garden. John is not willing to do it because he feels it is manual work. As a Christian what is the best advice to give him? Tell him to
A. ask other pupils to help him

B. transfer to another school

C. do the work quickly

D. do the work as well as he can

 

(Q85-89) 2004
5. Which one of the following best shows how Christians are helping to reduce the spread of HIV and Aids?
A. Being role models.

B. Counselling the sick.

C. Teaching on behaviour changes.

D. Providing drugs.

 

6. Mark, your deskmate hides his Christian Religious Education textbook from you. As a Christian what action would you take?

A. Stop talking to him.

B. Report him to the teacher.

C. Teach him about sharing.

D. Move away from the desk.

 

7. Susan has been given a thousand shillings by her. father. As a Christian the best way to spend this money is to
A. organise a birthday party

B. buy food for orphans

C. go and watch a film

D. buy a dress

 

8. According to Christian teaching, leisure time can

best be spent

A. visiting the sick

B. reading story books

C. sleeping

D. playing

9. Tom, your classmate has a dirty uniform which he has refused to wash because he says that it is not his
duty. As a Christian what advice would you give him? Tell him

A. to ask his younger brother to wash it for him.

B. to find money and buy another uniform.

C. to pay a classmate to wash it for him.

D. work is duty and he should be proud of it.

 

(Q85-89) 2005
10. Peninah visits the sick and gives them food. The fruit of the Holy Spirit she demonstrates is

A. patience

B. kindness

C. joy

D. Peace.

 

11. Kelvin, your deskmate has lost your pencil. As a Christian you should

A. demand payment

B. report him to the teacher

C. report him to your parents

D. forgive him.

12. Mary is a rich lady who has poor neighbours. As a Christian, the best advice to give her is that she should
A. give jobs to the needy

B. move to a well to do area

C. donate her money to the church

D. keep her money in a safe place.

 

13. Margaret, a standard Eight pupil finds out that her

classmate is taking alcohol. What is the best action for her to take?
A. Tell the other members of the class.

B. Advise the classmate to see a counseller.

C. Report the matter to the nearest police station.

D. Avoid talking to the classmate.

 

14. Timothy, your deskmate tells you that he hates doing homework. As a Christian, what advice would you give him? Tell him to

A. copy from his friends

B. move to another class

C. ask his parents to do it for him

D. take his duties seriously.

 

(Q86-90) 2006
15. The main reason why Christians condemn prostitution is because it leads to
A. unwanted pregnancies

B. street children

C. misuse of sex

D. break-up of families.

 

16. The best use of leisure by Christian youths would be to

A. visit their friends

B. listen to music

C. help the elderly

D. play games.

 

17. You and your friend James are on duty to sweep the

class room. James has refused to sweep saying that there are workers employed to keep the school clean.
As a Christian what action would you take?

A. Tell him the advantages of learning to do various jobs.
B. Get the workers to come and sweep the classroom.

C. Report James to the class prefect.

D. Discuss James’ behaviour with your friends.

 

18. You have noticed that your friend Philip has been going out of school during class time and you would like him to stop. As a Christian you should
A. go and tell his parents about it

B. show him why it is important to respect school rules
C. threaten to end your relationship with him

when they

A. honour those in authority

B. tolerate those who mistreat them

C. obey rules of the society

D. care for the sick.

 

20. While playing in the school field with your friends

you pick a fifty Kenya shilling note, what would you do?

A. Keep the money to use later.

B. Take the money to the church.

C. Give it to a needy pupil.

D. Find out who the owner is.

 

21. The best way to spend leisure after sitting the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination is by
A. helping the old people

B. visiting former classmates

C. listening to Christian music

D. writing letters to former classmates.

 

22. Titus, a Standard Seven pupil does not want to help his brother in cleaning their compound because he feels it is a dirty job.

What advice would you give him? Tell him to

23. The parents of Anne a Standard Eight pupil, want her to get married to an old wealthy man hoping that this would improve their life. As a Christian what is the best action for her to take?

A. Run away from home.

B. Refuse and seek help from her teachers.

C. Report the matter to the local pastor.

D. Refuse and seek help from friends.

 

(Q85-90) 2008
24. The best way a Christian can show respect for authority is by
A. obeying the laws of the country

B. praying for the leaders

C. voting for the leaders

D. taking part in development projects.

 

25. Your desk mate tells you that he has a fifty shilling note which he picked from his friend’s school bag.

As a Christian what advice would you give him? Tell him to
A. buy for you some sweets

B. buy a ball for himself

C. give it to the classmates

D. return it to the owner.

 

26. After assisting his mother with kitchen work, Tom realizes that he has some extra time. As a Christian

the best way to spend it is by

A. visiting his friends

B. visiting an orphan

C. reading story books

D. watching films.

 

27. Nancy, a standard six pupil, is lazy and does not complete her class work. How best would you help her overcome this problem?

A. Tell her to ask her brother to do it for her.

B. Do the work for her.

C. Encourage her to do it.

D. Give her your work to copy.

 

28. Jane, a Standard Eight pupil, is being forced to get married by her parents before she sits for the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination. As a Christian what action should she take? She should

A. seek advise from her class teacher

B. keep it to herself

C. tell others about it

D. accept to get married.

 

29. Which one of the following actions does not lead to the spread of HIVAIDS?

A. Donating blood.

B. Sharing injection needles.

C. Sexual immorality.

D. Shaking hands.

K.C.P.E REVISION 533

(Q85-90) 2009

30. Which one of the following practices would best show how a Christian can care for the environment?

A. Burning rubbish.

B. Planting trees.

C. Sweeping the house.

D. Draining stagnant water.

 

31. Which one of the following ways shows the right use of wealth by Christians?

A. Going for tours.

B Saving in the bank.

C. Developing community projects.

D. Buying clothes.

 

32. Which one of the following activities by Christians best
shows how they can use their day of rest?

A. Helping the needy.

B. Singing in the choir.

C. Making new friends.

D. Reading story books.

34. While waiting for the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination results, Daniel is asked by an old lady for a hand in marriage. As a Christian the best action to take is to

A. tell his parents about it

B. seek advice from his friends

C. tell the pastor about it

D. tell her he is not ready for it.

 

35. After Agnes, a standard eight pupil, has bought a kilogram of sugar, the shopkeeper refuses to give her the correct change. As a Christian the best action for her to take is to

A. shout for help

B. ask for it

C. cry about it

D. forget about it.

 

(Q85-90) 2010

36. Your classmate Brian tells you he has been taking money from his parents without their permission. As a Christian what action would you take?

A Announce it to the class.

33. Which one of the following is a reason why a Christian should take part in group work? To

A. seek favours

B. become popular

C. make money

D. promote unity.

B. Avoid talking to him.

C. Report the mailer to the parents.

D. Tell him the dangers of such a habit.

37. Your deskmate tells you to go out of school so that you can visit a friend. As a Christian what would you do?

A. Inform the class teacher about it.

B. Tell her to obey the rules.

K.C.P.E REVISION 534

C. Ask advice from the classmates.

D. Keep off her company.

 

38. You have been asked by your church leader to plan for an activity for young people. What is the best leisure activity for them?

A. Playing games.

B. Reading story books.

C. Visiting a children’s home.

D. Watching Christian films.

 

39. Your neighbour tells you she no longer goes to school because she has to do some work for her parents. As a Christian what is the best action for her to take?

A. Ask a friend to help her do the work.

B. Ask her parents to employ a worker.

C. Run a way from home.

D. Report the matter to the chief

 

40. Your friend Daniel is not willing to take up a job he has been offered after sitting for the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination because he lacks the needed skills. As a Christian what advice would you give him’?

A. Tell him to give you the job.

B. Tell him seek help from friends.

C. Encourage him to go for training.

D. Encourage him to take up the job.

 

41. Which one of the following is the main reason why Christians are against drug abuse in Kenya? It leads to

A. crime in the community

B. disunity in the family

C. poverty

D. addiction.

 

 

BIBLE LIBRARY

1. Which one of the following New Testament books is a gospel?

A. Hebrews.

B. Galatians.

C. John.

D. James. Q79,2004

K.C.P.E REVISION 535

 

 

 

MATHEMATICS
Time: 2 hours

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2011

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES (Please read these instructions carefully)

1. You have been given this question booklet and a separate answer sheet. The question booklet contains 50 questions.
2. Do any necessary rough work in this booklet.

3. When you have chosen your answer, mark it on the ANSWER SHEET, not in this question booklet. HOW TO USE THE ANSWER SHEET
4. Use only an ordinary pencil

5. Make sure that you have written on the answer sheet:
YOUR INDEX NUMBER YOUR NAME
NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL

 

6. By drawing a dark line inside the correct numbered boxes mark your full Index Number (i.e. School Code Number and the three-figure Candidate’s Number) in the grid near the top of the answer sheet.
7. Do not make any marks outside the boxes.

8. Keep the sheet as clean as possible and do not fold it.

9. For each of the questions 1-50 four answers are given. The answers are lettered A, B, C and D. In each case only ONE of the four answers is correct. Choose the correct answer.
10. On the answer sheet the correct answer is to be shown by drawing a dark line inside the box in which the letter you have chosen is written.
Example

In the Question Booklet:

11 What is the value of 6(24-18)+ 6 ×4
6

A. 30

B. 25

C. 10

D. 28

The correct answer is C (10). On the answer sheet:

1. [A] [B] [C] [D] 11. [A] [B] [C] [D] 21. [A] [B] [c] [D] 31. [A] [B] [C] [D] 41. [A] [B] [C] [D|

 

In the set of boxes numbered 11, the box with the letter C printed in it is marked.

11. Your dark line MUST be within the box.
12. For each question ONLY ONE box is to be marked in each set of four boxes.

1. What is 9301854 written in words?
A. Nine million three thousand and one, eight hundred and fifty four.
B. Ninety three and one thousand, eight hundred and fifty four.
C. Nine million three hundred and one thousand eight hundred and fifty four.
D. Nine hundred and thirty thousand eighteen hundred and fifty four.

2. What is the value of

 

A. 2 B.14
C. 18

D. 24

3. What is 4.59954 written correct to three decimal places?
A. 4.599

B. 4.6

C. 4.60

D. 4.600

4. What is the L.C.M of 30, 45 and 60?
A. 15

B. 135

C. 180

D. 540

5. What is the place value of digit 2 in the product of the total value of digit 4 multiplied by the total value of digit 3 in the number 57438?
A. Ones

B. Tens

C. Hundreds

D. Thousands

6. Jebet bought the following items;
3 packets of maize flour at sh 90 each
2 kg of beans for sh 1 70 1/2 kg of potatoes at sh 40 per kg 2loaves of bread at sh 34 each.
If she had sh 800, how much money was she left with?
A. sh 62
B. sh232
C. sh466
D. sh568

7. What is the value of x in the equation

A. 14

B. 10

C. 8

D. 4

8. The area of a square is 3 844cm2. What is the length of each side of the square?
A. 1922cm

B. 961cm ,

C. 67cm

D. 62 cm

9. Which is the correct order of writing the fractions

2 4 1 1 2 starting from the smallest to

5, 15, 6, 2, 3

Largest

10. In the triangle PQR below, construct the bisector of angle PQR to cut line PR at M and the bisector of angle QPR to cut line QR at N. The two bisectors intersect at point X. Join RX. P

 

 

 

•r

What is the size of angle RXM? A. 58°
B. 60°
C. 65°
D. 117°

 

 

11. How many fencing posts, spaced 5m apart, are required to fence a rectangular plot measuring 745m by 230m?
A. 391

B. 390

C. 195

D. 196

12. Awinja bought a pair of shoes for sh 810 after getting a discount of 10%. What was the marked price of the pair of shoes?
A. sh 81

B. sh 729

C. sh 891

D. sh 900

13. The table below shows the amount of milk delivered by a farmer to the dairy in 6 days.

What was the median sale of milk, in litres, for the 6 days?
A. 18

B. 19

C. 20

D. 21

14. Mutiso and Oluoch shared the profit of their

business such that Mutiso got 3/5 of the profit. What was the ratio of Mutiso’s share to Oluoch’s share?
A. 3:2

B. 5:3

C. 3:5

D. 2:3

15. What is the value of

 

A. 14

B. 6.5

C. 4.5

D. 2.75

16. Mulwa had 5 one thousand shillings notes, 7 five hundred shillings notes, 10 two hundred shilling notes and 6 one hundred shillings notes. He then changed the money into fifty shillings notes.

How many notes altogether did he get?
A. 555000
B. 11100
C. 2220
D. 222

17. The figure below is a map of a village drawn to the scale 1:250 000

What is the perimeter of the village in

kilometres? A. 6000
B. 600

C. 60

D. 6

18. A cylindrical container has a circumference of 176cm and a height of 40cm. What is the volume of the container in cm2?

A. 394240

B. 98560

C. 7040

D. 3 520

which angle ZXY=50°, angle YZX=70° and line ZX=6cm.

 

 

Which one of the statements below leads to the correct construction of the triangle?
A. Use a ruler to draw line ZX=6cm long
and drop a perpendicular from Y to ZX. Then join Y to X and to Z.
B. Use a ruler to draw line ZX=6cm long and a pair of compasses to construct angle ZXY=50° and YZX=70°.

C. Measure and draw the angles ZXY=50° and YZX=70° using a protractor and draw line ZX = 6 cm long.
D. Use a ruler to draw line ZX=6cm long. Use a protractor to mark off an angle 70° at Z and angle of 50° at X. Let the lines
formed by the angles meet at Y.

21. Each of the diagonals of a rectangular flower garden is 65m. If one side of the garden measures 25m, what is the measurement of the other side?
A. 90m
B. 60m
C. 40m
D. 20m

22. A meeting was attended by 150 people. Out of these, 0,14 were men, 0.2 were women and the rest were children. How many more children than women were there?
A. 69

B. 78

C. 99

D. 129

23. The triangle PQR shown below has been drawn accurately.

What is the size of angle QPR? A. 95°
B. 85°

C. 50°

D. 45°

 

24. Mwaruwa is paid sh3 750 after working for 25 days. How much money would he be paid if he does not work for 4 days?

A. sh 600 B. sh 4464

C. sh 4350 D. sh 3150

25. A family uses 5 decilitres of milk each day. How many litres of milk altogether would the family use in the months of June and July?
A. 305 B. 30.5
C. 30.0 D. 3.05

26. In the triangle ABC below, construct a perpendicular from A to meet line BC at N.

Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. Line AN bisects line BC

B. Angle BAN is equal to angle CAN

C. Angle ANB is equal to angle ANC

D. Line AB is equal to line BN.

27. The graph below shows the journey made by a social worker on a certain day.

 

 

Between which two places was his speed the
highest?
A. Home and school
B. School and health centre
C. Health centre and the market

D. Market and home.

 

29. What is the surface area of a cylindrical rod of height 17cm and diameter 14cm?

 

A. 748cm2
B. 902cm2
C. 1056cm2
D. 2728cm2

31. Halima bought 50 bananas @ sh3 each. She spent sh. 75 for transportation. During transportation 5 bananas got spoilt but she sold the rest making a 20% profit. For how much did she sell each banana?
A. sh4.00

B. sh5.40

C. sh5.60

D. sh6.00

 

32. Two sides of a parallelogram EFGH have been drawn below. Complete the parallelogram EFGH. Draw diagonals EG and FH to intersect at J.

 

What is the length of line FJ?
A. 2.7cm
B. 3.5cm
C. 4.4cm
D. 6.5cm

 

33. Mutuma left Mombasa on Tuesday at 6.30
p.m. and took 8 hours 45 minutes to reach his home. On what day and at what time in a 24 hour system did he reach home?
A. Wednesday 0315 h

B. Wednesday 1515 h

C. Tuesday 1515 h

D. Tuesday 0315 h

34. The pie chart below represents the population of 1 800 animals in a farm.

35. A car travelled 216km at an average speed of 48km/h. On the return journey the average speed increased to 72 km/h. Calculate the average speed, in km/h, for the whole journey?

How many more chickens than goats are there in the farm?
A. 300

B. 900

C. 1200

D. 180

 

 

 

37. A mathematics text book has 97 sheets of paper and a cover. Each sheet of paper has a mass of 4 grams and the cover has a mass of

A. 57.6

C. 28.8

B. 60

D. 68.6

20 g. Find the mass of the book in kilograms.

36. Which one of the statements below is a property of a right angled triangle?
A. All sides are equal.
B. Adjacent angles are supplementary.
C. Two of its sides are perpendicular.
D. The longest side of the triangle is opposite the smallest angle.

A 0.408

B. 4.08

C. 40.8

D. 408

 

If the area of the trapezium is 198cm2, what is the length of RP?
A. 15cm
B. 18cm
C. 25cm
D. 32cm

39 Ali is now two years older than Martha. If Martha’s age is represented by x, what will be their total ages after 10 years?
A. 2x+ 22
B. 3x + 20
C. x + 22
D. 2x+18
40. A football match was attended by 42000 men. The number of women who attended was 27000 less than the number of men and 12000 more than the number of children. The entrance fee for adults was sh100 and for children was sh50. How much money was collected altogether?
A. sh 11 700 000

B. sh 7 500000

C. sh 7 050000

D. sh 5 850000

41. In the figure below EFG is a straight line. Lines GH and FH are equal and lines HI and FI are also equal. Angle GHF is a right angle and angle HIF is 32°.
What is the size of angle EFI?

A. 45° B. 61°
C. 74° D. 103°
42. The table below shows part of Tariff for Ordinary Money Order and Postapay.

 

Range Ordinary Money Order

(sh) Postapay (sh)
7501-10000 250 550
10001-20000 300 675
20001-35000 400 800
35001-50000 450 1200
50 001-75 000 550 1600

Karimi has two children in one school. To pay for their school fees he sent sh 8 900 by Ordinary Money Order and sh 15 400 by Postapay. How much money would he have saved had he bought one Ordinary Money Order to pay for all the fees?
A. sh 125
B. sh400
C. sh525
D. sh925
43. Nina is paid a basic salary of sh 8 000 as a sales agent. In addition she is paid a 5% commission for goods sold above sh15000.In one month she earned sh12000 altogether. What were the total sales?
A. sh 255 000
B. sh 95000
C. sh 80000
D. sh 65000

44. What is the next number in the pattern 4 4,9, 25, 49,121,169, ?

A.289 B.256 C.225 D.196
45. The marked price of a motorcycle was sh30000 but a discount of 5% was allowed for cash payment. Taabu bought the motorcycle on hire purchase terms by paying a deposit of sh8500 followed by ten equal monthly instalments of sh 2 400 each. How much money would Taabu have saved had she bought it for cash?

A. sh 4000
B. sh 2500
C. sh 1500
D. sh 28500
46. Figure ABCDE below represents a vegetable garden in which AE=12m, AB = 36m and CD=24m. Angle DEA is a right angle. The distance from A to D is 15m. A perpendicular distance from C to AB is 10m.

 

47. A tailor made 48 pieces of uniform. Half of the number of the uniforms was each made using 11/4 metres of material. A quarter of the remainder was each made using 11/2 metres of material and the rest was each made using 13/4 metres of material. The tailor also fixed a logo made using 1/16 metres of material on each uniform.

How many metres of material did the tailor use?
A. 73 1/2 metres
B. 72 metres

C. 70 9/16 metres
D. 70 1/2 metres

48. The table below shows the train fares for Nairobi-Mombasa route.

The following passengers travelled in the train:

23 pupils of age 12 years and above 12 pupils aged between 7 and 10 years
2 children below 3 years

3 parents

5 teachers

1 headteacher

The passengers occupied the following classes in the train:

1st class: Headteacher, 1 parent
2 class: 5 teachers, 2 parents and all pupils and children
How much money did they pay for the journey to Mombasa?
A. sh 119 560
B. sh 151300
C. sh 156 100
D. sh 164 080
49. A man deposited sh50000 in a bank for 2 years. The bank paid compound interest at the rate of 10% per annum. How much money was in his account at the end of the two years?
A. sh 10500

B. sh 55500

 

 

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

 

ENGLISH SECTION A: LANGUAGE

C. sh 60 000

D. sh 60 500

50. The figures below represent a pattern.

 

 

 

 

 

 

KCPE 2011

Time: 1 hour 40 minutes

READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. You have been given this question booklet and a separate answer sheet. The question booklet contains 50 questions.

2. When you have chosen your answer, mark it on the ANSWER SHEET, not in this question booklet.

HOW TO USE THE ANSWER SHEET

3. Use an ordinary pencil.

4. Make sure you have written on the answer sheet:
YOUR INDEX NUMBER YOUR NAME
NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL

5. By drawing a dark line inside the correct numbered boxes mark your full Index Number (i.e. School Code Number and the three-figure Candidate’s Number) in the grid near the top of the answer sheet.

6. Do not make any marks outside the boxes.

7. Keep the sheet as clean as possible and do not fold it.

8. For each of the questions 1 – 50 four answers are given. The answers are lettered A, B, C and D. In each case only
ONE of the four answers is correct. Choose the correct answer.

9. On the answer sheet the correct answer is to be shown by drawing a dark line inside the box in which the letter you have chosen is written.
Example

For questions 23 to 25, choose the alternative that best completes the sentence.

23. She passed her exams very well, ?
A. is it
B. did she
C. didn’t she
D. isn’t it
The correct answer is C.
On the answer sheet:

3. [A] [B] [C] [D] 13. [A] [B] [C] [D] 23. [A] [B] [c] [D] 33. [A] [B] [C] [D] 43. [A] [B] [C] [D|

In the set of boxes numbered 23, the box with the letter C printed in it is marked.

10. Your dark line MUST be within the box.

11. For each question ONLY ONE box is to be marked in each set of four boxes

This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

901501 © The Kenya National Examinations Council, 2011 TURN OVER

Questions 1 to 15
Read the passage below. It contains blank spaces numbered 1 to 15. For each blank space, choose the
best alternative from the choices given.

It is often 1 that all living things, plants and animals, have a 2 for existence. Each living organism plays an important role 3_it exists. However, there is one creature whose importance is 4 to see. This is the mosquito. What most people know 5 this tiny beast is that it is the major 6 by which Malaria is spread. It is therefore not 7 that some people have demanded the complete elimination of 8 species from the face of the earth.

It is interesting to note that the insect does not 9 to spread disease. It just wants to feed itself and to reproduce. Researchers have discovered that the female mosquito needs to feed on blood in order to lay eggs. As it moves from one source to another in 10 of blood, it ends up picking up and spreading the organisms that cause the disease. A common rule of nature is 11 at work here the survival of one creature means the death of another.
Some scientists have argued that the insect is not 12 useless. It serves as food for some other creatures such as lizards, geckos and birds. The lives of these predators 13 be at risk if there were no

1. A. seen

13. A. would

B. fully

 

2. A. part

3. A. wherever

4. A. hard

5. A. with

6. A. way

7. A. shocking

8. A. that

9. A. set off

10. A. search

11. A. seen

12. A. actually

14. A. lastly

15. A. for

B felt

B. reason

B. where

B. impossible

B. on

B. means

B. surprising

B. those

B. set about

B. need

B. found

B. must
B. eventually
B. on

C. thought

C. cause

C. whenever

C. easy

C. of

C. style

C. astonishing

C. this

C. set out

C. hunt

C. noticed

C. extremely

C. will

C. furthermore

C. in

D. said

D. purpose

D. when

D. clear

D. about

D. method

D. amazing

D. these

D. set forth

D. chase

D. observed

D. completely

D. may

D. therefore

D. against

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For questions 16 and 17 select the alternative that
best fills the blank space in the sentences below.

16. They had just finished reading the story

A. had they

B. did they

C. hadn’t they

D. didn’t they

17. She often sings in the choir,

C. said

D. imagined.

20. She complained that most of her classmates looked down on her.

A. rejected

B. despised

C. abused

D. hated

A. isn’t it

B. doesn’t she

C. does she

D. is it

For questions 18 to 20 choose the alternative that can best replace the underlined phrase.

18. The little boy decided he would no longer put up with the bullying.

 

A. accept.

B. receive.

C. take.

D. tolerate.

19. Tomno had not made up his mind where he would spend his holidays.

A. decided

B. planned

In questions 21 and 22 choose the alternative that is
correctly punctuated

21. A “Juma, the teacher asked, where have you been since yesterday?”.
B. “Juma?” the teacher asked, where have you been since yesterday.”
C. “Juma,” the teacher asked, “where,have you been since yesterday?”
D. “Juma, the teacher asked where has you been since yesterday?”
22. A. The doctor said, “Keep medicine out of children’s reach.”
B. The doctor said, keep medicine out of childrens’ reach.”
C. The doctor said, “keep medicine out of childrens’ reach.”
D. The doctor said, “keep medicine out of children’s reach.”

For questions 23 to 25, choose the alternative that means the opposite of the underlined word.

23. When I asked him why he had arrived late, I found his answer unsatisfactory.

A. sensible

B. reasonable

C. incorrect

D. unacceptable

24. It is risky to cross that bridge at night.

A. safe

B. dangerous

C. harmful

D. secure

25. The headteacher forbade the pupils to bring cooked food into the school compound.

A. told

B. encouraged

C. allowed

D. advised.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 26 to 38.

“I wonder what Aoko is doing at home,” Njeri said, looking at her friend Cherono. ” Why don’t we go and find out?”
The three were close friends, in fact inseparable. They spent most of the day together, especially during the school holidays like now. Nine o’clock always found the girls together, and they would not part till evening. Strangely today, Aoko was nowhere to be seen yet it was already 10 o’clock.
The two girls walked to Aoko’s home. As they neared the house, Njeri called out, “Aoko, you have visitors!” There was no response. Obviously, their friend was not in.

Outside the house was seated an old lady the two girls had never seen before. They went up to her and Cherono greeted her in Aoko’s mother tongue. Cherono spoke the language fluently, one could not tell she was from a different community. The old lady responded and smiled broadly, exposing toothless gums. Njeri guessed the old lady was probably a hundred years old. Cherono then asked her where Aoko was.

I sent her to the shops to buy something, just get in and wait. I’m sure she’s on her way back,” said the
lady.

Njeri did not understand a word. She just followed her friend into the house.

Half an hour later, the girls were still waiting. Impatience got the better of Njeri. She suggested that they go away and return later. Cherono on the other hand had a different idea. She was curious about the old lady seated outside.
“Why don’t we go out and chat with the lady, you know these old people usually have fascinating stories to tell,” she said.
“But I won’t understand a thing. For you, the language is not a problem, so you’ll probably enjoy the stories,” grumbled Njeri.
After a little persuasion, Njeri gave in on condition that Cherono would translate everything into English or Kiswahili. They went out and found the lady humming a tune. She was in a world of her own, her face a picture of happiness. She did not seem to notice the two girls, who also did not want to break in on her bliss.
“Oh!” she exclaimed when she realized she was being watched. “I really love singing. It is good for the soul.
Do you also sing?” She asked.

Njeri looked at Cherono expecting her to translate what the lady had just said. And she did.

“I see your friend does not understand our language. The lady commented in English. The two girls were taken aback. “I just wanted to find out whether you two also love to sing,” she said, looking at Njeri.
“Yes,” replied Njeri, “but I did not know you spoke English.”

The lady let out a hearty laugh, once again exposing her toothless gums. She then went on to explain that she was a retired teacher of English, having taught for forty years
“I was taught the language by its owners,” she boasted.

“Just as I learnt your language from its owners,” Cherono remarked proudly. It was the lady’s turn to be astonished. “You mean you do not come from our community yet you speak our language so well?”

Aoko arrived to find the three deep in conversation. She was holding a newspaper. She explained that she had to walk all the way to the shopping centre for it. “My great grandma loves reading and as soon as she arrived here this morning she asked for a newspaper.”
Soon afterwards the three girls skipped away leaving the old lady buried in the paper.

 

 

26. Njeri wondered what Aoko was doing at home because
A. it was already 10 o’clock.

B. she wanted to play with her.

C. they were close friends.

D. it was unusual for Aoko to be late.

27. During the school holidays, the girls

A. always met at nine o’clock

B. loved listening to stories

C. became close friends

D. spent the better part of the day together.

28. Why did Njeri suggest that they “go away and come back later”?
A. She was bored.

B. She was nervous.

C. She was impatient.

D. She was worried.

29. Which of the following statements best explains why Cherono greeted the old lady in Aoko’s mother tongue?

A. She knew the old lady did not know English.

B. She assumed the old lady was from Aoko’s community.
C. She knew the old lady could understand

” the language.

D. She wanted to surprise the old iady by speaking her language.
30. When Njeri did not understand what the old lady was saying, she must have felt
A. embarrassed

B. annoyed

C. frustrated

D. rejected.

31. Which of the following is not a possible

explanation why Cherono was curious about the old lady?

A. The old lady was about a hundred years old.

B. She had never seen the old lady before.

C. The old lady had toothless gums.

D. She had learnt the old lady’s language.

32. Njeri was reluctant to ‘go out and chat’ with the old lady because

A. only Cherono could understand the old lady’s language.
B. she did not enjoy stories in another language.
C. She thought the stones would not be in English.
D. the old lady was not from her community.

33. The phrase “buried in the paper” as used in the passage means

A. covered with the paper.

B. reading the paper keenly.

C. looking at the paper.

D. the old lady was dead.

34. The expression “taken aback” as used in the passage means
A. shocked.

B. surprised.

C. frightened.

D. excited.

35. Why do you think the old lady “let out a hearty laugh”?
A. She was amused by the girls’ ignorance.

B. She wanted to surprise the girls.

C. She wanted to show off that she knew English.

D. She was proud about her community.

36. The old lady was ‘astonished’ because Cherono

A. was not from her community B, had been taught her language
C. was a good interpreter

D. could speak her language fluently.

37. Which of the following statements is not true about Aoko?

A. She was shocked to find her friends with her great grandmother.
B. She had been away for over thirty minutes.
C. She was an obedient girl.

D. She loved being with her friends.

38. Which of the following sayings can best apply to this passage?

A. A stitch in time saves nine.

B. Do not judge a book by its cover.

C. Experience is the best teacher.

D. Better late than never.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 39 to 50.

One of the most amazing things about the discovery of a 2,000 year old cemetery in the Bahariyah Oasis in Egypt was that no one was looking for it. No one even knew it existed. It had been completely buried by sand.
In 1996, a donkey belonging to a guard at the nearby temple stumbled into a hole in the sand a mile from the temple. When the guard peered into the hole, he saw something shining brightly. He reported the discovery to Egyptian archaeologists right away.
However, the archaeologists did not begin serious digging immediately. They did not have the workers or the money. So they made a quick survey of the site, and then covered everything up again. They wanted to hide it from thieves and protect it from exposure to the sun and weather. Finally, in 1999, they had enough money to begin exploring the site.
On their very first.day of work, after digging only several feet into the sand, they found a lot of mummies. Mummies are dead bodies that have been preserved for a long time. They are mostly found in Egypt. One of them had an especially beautiful mask. It was not a pharaoh’s mummy, though. It turned out that none of the tombs in this cemetery belonged to royalty. Most of the people buried here came from families that grew rich by trading in wine.
The most spectacular of these mummies have masks made of plaster covered with a thin layer of gold. Many are in wonderful condition. And because grave robbers never found these tombs, everything that was buried with them is still there. Most of the mummies have been left where they were found, but a few of the best preserved ones are on display in the Bahariyah Museum, where the public can take a look at them.
Two mummies were found lying side by side and were probably a husband and a wife. His mask and chest plate were decorated with religious figures. Her head was turned in his direction, indicating that the husband had died first.
Two other mummies are of children. Archaeologists think they were brother and sister because they were found together. The boy was probably about five years old. His mask with its painted eyes and features are so real – he almost seems alive!
Did archaeologists find treasures in these tombs? It depends on what you mean by “treasures.” They have not found any solid gold, but they have discovered all sorts of objects. The people buried in the cemetery may have thought some of these items would be useful in the afterlife. Or some may have been intended as gifts to the gods. For example, archaeologists have unearthed small statues of various gods. They have found many pieces of jewelry – necklaces, bracelets and anklets – made of copper, glass, ivory and semi-precious stones.

 

They have also discovered many pottery pieces used for storing, cooking or serving food. There were some bronze Greek and Roman coins too. And in the children’s tombs, they found toys – carved animals for the children to play with in the afterlife.
Archaeologists will be able to learn more about these people and their way of life by further studying their mummies and the things buried with them. And so many mummies were buried in the Valley of the Golden Mummies that excavation and learning will continue at the site for years to come.

(Adapted from Secrets of the Past by World Book, Inc. 2002)

39. The discovery of the 2,000 year-old cemetery in Bahariyah was
A. very sudden

B. really surprising

C. quite accidental

D. extremely important.

40. Who actually discovered the cemetery?

A. The guard.

B. The donkey.

C. The archaeologists.

D. The Egyptians.

41. What can we tell about the archaeologists from the information in the third paragraph?
A. They did not do things in a hurry.

B. They had a lot of digging to do.

C. They received reports from guards.

D. They did not have much money.

42. Which of the following statements is not true
according to the passage?

A. Robbers can interfere with the mummies.

B. Thieves had also discovered the cemetery.

C. Exposure to the weather can affect the

mummies.

D. There was enough sand to cover the cemetery.
43. The first day of digging can be described as

A. very stressful.

B. quite amazing.

C. very successful.

D. quite interesting.

44. “None of the tombs in this cemetery belonged to royalty” means that

A. the royal family did not own that cemetery.
B. members of the royal family were not buried there.
C. it was not good enough for kings and queens.
D. you do not bury such important people anywhere.

45. What evidence is there that the people buried there were rich?
A. They traded in wine.

B. They were well-preserved.

C. Their bodies were beautifully decorated.

D. Their masks arc covered with a layer of gold.

46. What can we assume about the culture of the people buried in this cemetery?
A. Members of the same family were buried
together.

B. The people were buried side by side.

C. The woman was supposed to face her husband.
D. They used masks in their religious ceremonies.
47. According to the passage, the word “treasures”
A. means different things to different people

B. is an important word in the passage

C. refers to all sorts of objects

D. refers to items found in tombs.

48. It is obvious that the people in the community believed
A. they would meet some gods later.

B. the gods expected some gifts.

C. there was live after death.

D. they needed some items after dying.

49. The word unearthed means

A. removed

B. discovered

C. exposed

D. recovered.

50. Which of the following would be the best

title for this passage?

A. The Unusual Discovery.

B. The Mummies of Bahariyah.

C. The Wonders of Ancient Egypt.

D. The Work of Archaeologists.

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2011

KISWAHILI SEHEMU YA PILI: INSHA
Muda: Dakika 40

 

 

NAMBA YAKO YA MTIHANI
JINA LAKO
JINA LA SHULE YAKO

 

SOMA MAAGIZO HAYA KWA MAKINI

1. Kwenye nafasi zilizoachwa hapo juu andika Namba yako kamili ya mtihani, Jina lako na Jina la Shule yako.
2. Sasa fungua karatasi hii, soma kichwa cha insha kwa makini na uandike insha yako kwenye nafasi ulizoachiwa.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

560 REVISING KCPE

Kijitabu hiki kina kurasa 4 zilizopigwa chapa.

© The Kenya National Examinations Council, 2011 FUNGUA UKURASA

901505

Umepewa dakika 40 kuandika insha yako.

Andika insha isiyopungua ukurasa mmoja na nusu ukifuata maagizo uliyopewa.
Mwandikie rafiki yako barua ukimshauri kuhusu namna ya kujiandaa vyema kwa mtihani wa KCPE.
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KISWAHILI
SEHEMU YA KWANZA: LUGHA

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2011

Muda: Saa 1 dakika 40

MAAGIZO KWA WATAHINIWA

SOMA KWA MAKINI MAAGIZO YAFUATAYO:

1. Umepewa kijitabu hiki cha maswali na karatasi ya kujibia. Kijitabu hiki kina maswali 50.

2. Ukishachagua jibu lako lionyeshe katika KARATASI YA MAJIBU na wala sio katika kijitabu hiki cha maswali.

JINSI YA KUTUMIA KARATASI YA MAJIBU

3. Tumia penseli ya kawaida.

4. Hakikisha ya kwamba umeandika yafuatayo katika karatasi ya majibu:
NAMBA YAKO YA MTIHANI JINA LAKO
JINA LA SHULE YAKO
5. Kwa kuchora kistari katika visanduku vyenye namba zinazokuhusu, onyesha namba yako kamili ya mtihani (yaani namba ya shule, na zile namba tatu za mtahiniwa) katika sehemu iliyotengwa mwanzo wa karatasi ya majibu.

6. Usitie alama zozote nje ya visanduku.

7. Iweke safi karatasi yako ya majibu na usiikunje.

8. Kwa kila swali 1-50 umepewa majibu manne. Majibu hayo yameonyeshwa kwa herufi A, B, C, D. Nijibu MOJA tukati ya hayo manne ambalo ni sahihi. Chagua jibu hilo.

9. Kwenye karatasi ya majibu, jibu sahihi lionyeshwe kwa kuchora kistari katika kisanduku chenye herufi uliyochagua kuwandilojibu.
Mfano:
Katika kijitabu cha maswali:.
21. ‘Tunakimbiana’ maana yake ni:

A. Tunaogopana
B. Tunahepana
C. Tunasaidiana
D. Tunachukiana Jibu sahihi ni B
Katika karatasi ya majibu:

1. [A] [B] [C] [D] 11. [A] [B] [C] [D] 21. [A] [B] [C ] [D] 31. [A] [B] [C] [D] 41 [A] [B] [C] [D]

Katika visanduku vinavyoonyesha majibu ya swali namba 21, kisanduku chenye herufi B ndicho kilichochorwa kistari.
10. Chora kistari chako vizuri. Kistari chako kiwe cheusi na kisijitokeze nje ya kisanduku.

11. Kwa kila swali, chora kistari katika kisanduku kimoja tu kati ya visanduku vinne ulivyopewa.

Kijitabu hiki cha maswali kina kurasa 7 zilizopigwa chapa.

901504 © The Kenya National Examinations Council, 2011 FUNGUA UKURASA

Maswali 1 mpaka 15.

Soma vifungn vifuatavyo. Vina nafasi 1 mpaka 15. Kwa kila nqfasi umepewa majibu manne hapo. Chaguajibu lifaalo zaidi kati ya yale uliyopewa.

Wakazi wavitongoji duni 1 na matatizo mengi. Asiiimia kubwa ya waja hapa 2 3 aila. 4 katika mitaa ya mabwanyenye 5 na vitongoji hivi, hali ni tofauti; majumba yenye kuvutia yamepamba mazingira humo. Maisha ya makundi haya mawili 6 Wana wa matajiri hupata mahitaji 7 huku maskini 8 kwa ukosefu. Ama kwa kweli 9

 

1. A. wametwaliwa B. wamekabidhiwa C. ametengwa D. wametingwa

2. A. haiwezi B. hawawezi C. haziwezi D. hamuwezi

3. A. kumkimu B. kuzikimu C. kujikimu D. kuwakimu

4. A. Labda B. Kwa hivyo C. Hata hivyo D. Ingawa

5. A. waliyopakana B. iliyopakana C. uliyopakana D.yaliyopakana

6. A. yamebaidika kama ardhi na mbingu. B. yameadimika kama wali wa daku.

C. yameingia kati kama mchuzi wa ugali. D. yamejikaukia kama ukuni.

7. A. zote B. yote C. nyote D. sote

8. A. wakila mwata B. wakilamwande C. wakilayamini D. wakilahasara

9. A. dua la kuku halimpati mwewe B. bidii ya mja haiondoi kudura

C. dau la mnyonge haliendi joshi D. mtegemea nundu haachi kunona

Tina alijua kwamba alihitaji kutia bidii masoraoni asije 10 shule. Kijijini mwao ilikuwa kawaida wasichana 11 nafasi katika elimu. Palipotokea uhaba 12 karo, masomo ya msichana 13 huku mvulana akiendelea na elimu. Mara hii Tina aliamua kutia bidii ili angaa Mwalimu Mkuu amtafutie mhisani 14 Kwa niia hii Tina 15 namna fulani va kuliokoa tabaka lake.
10. A. akaachishwa B. akaachiwa C. akaachilia D. akaachia

11. A. kunyanyaswa B. kubadilishiwa C. kudhulumiwa D.kupunguzwa

12. A. ya B.kwa C. wa D. na

13. A. yangekatizwa B. yanakatizwa C. yakikatizwa D.yakakatizwa

14. A. ayathamini masomo yake B. amthamini masomo yake

C. amdhamini masomo yake D. ayadhamini masomo yake

15. A. alitarajia alipata B. alijihimu alipata C. alijihimu kupata D. alitarajia kupata

Kutoka swali la 16 mpaka 30, chaguajibu lililo sahihi.

16. Sentensi inayounganisha sentensi: “Juma ni mzee. Juma anasoma kitabu bila miwani”. kisahihi ni:
A. Juma ni mzee maadamu anasoma kitabu bila miwani.
B. Juma anasoma kitabu bila miwani licha ya kuwa yeye ni mzee.
C. Juma ni mzee madhali anasoma kitabu bila miwani.
D. Juma anasoma kitabu bila miwani minghairi ya yeye ni mzee.

17. Ki katika sentensi; “Mwanafunzi huyo akikuona atatembea kijeshi”, imetumiwa kuonyesha:
A. Masharti, nomino.

B. Wakati, nomino.

C. Masharti, narnna.

D. Wakati, namna.

18. Chagua neno ambalo limetumia silabi changamano:
A. Mbuga.

B. Kituta.

C. Ziwa.

D. Utulivu.

19. Kamilisha, ‘Fahamikiana kama

A. sahani na kawa

B. kinunamchi

C. puana mdorno

D. tui na maziwa.

20. Chagua sentensi yenye vivumishi:

A Mwashi amejenga nyumba juu ya mlima.

B. Yule ahimba vizuri mno akatuzwa

C. Nokoa atafika hapa hivi punde.

D. Wanafunzi wengi walifaulu mtihani huo.

21. Ni sentensi ipi ambayo imetumia ‘kwa’ kuonyesha sehemu ya kitu?
A. Alitembea moja kwa moja hadi shuleni.

B. Wazee kwa vijana walihudhuria sherehe hiyo.
C. Watu watatu kwa kumi huepuka mitego.

D. Monika alipongezewa kwa wazazi wake.

22. Mkono wazi ni kwa ukarimu ilhali ni kwa inda.

A. jicho lanje

B. joka la mdimu

C. kifauongo

D. kisebusebu.

23. Chagua kifaa cha uhunzi

A. fuawe

B. patasi

C. timazi

D. chetezo

24. Ni kundi lipi lenye sauti ghuna pekee?

A. p, t, z

B. v, th, n

C. sh, l, w

D. b, d, g.

25. Wingi wa, ‘Kiduka hicho kilifunguliwa jana’. ni:

A. Madukahizo ziliftmguliwajana.

B. Vidukahizozilifunguliwajana.

C. Viduka hivyo vilifunguliwa jana.

D. Maduka hayo yalifunguliwa jana.

26. Ni sentensi ipi sahihi?

A. Hewala! Nitakusaidia.

B. Kefule! Naombamaji.

C. Oyee! Tumeshindwa.

D. Hamadi! Amekuja.

27. Miaka mia ni kwa karne ilhali vitu ishirini ni kwa
A. kikwi

B. korija

C. mwongo

D. lukuki.

28. Chagua sentensi yenye kiwakilishi cha idadi:
A. Mwanafunzi aliyefika kwanza alimpata mwalimu wa pili darasani.
B. Mwalimu aliyetufunza mwanzoni alituuliza swali moja mara mbili.
C. Mwalimu aliyetufunza mwanzoni alitufafanulia mambo kadha ya kutufaa.
D. Mwanafunzi aliyefika kwanza alipewa medali na wa pili akapewa kitabu.

29. Ni sentensi ipi ambayo imetumia sitiari?

A. Mwakio ni sungura siku hizi.

B. Moyo wake ulimwambia asirudi nyuma.

C. Muuguzi alisema atajifungua salama.

D. Nyaboke ni mpole kama njiwa.

30. Ikiwa juzi ilikuwa Jumatatu, Jumamosi itakuwa:

A. Kesho

B. Mtondo

C. Mtondogoo

D. Keshokutwa.

Soma kifungu kijuatacho kisha ujibu maswali 31 – 40.

Mfumo wa elimu nchini unatilia mkazo mafunzo mengine ambayo, japo yamo nje ya masomo ya kawaida, yanahusiana na kwenda sambamba na masomo hayo ya kawaida. Vyama vya wanafunzi shuleni vinachangia pakubwa kupitisha mafunzo hayo ya ziada

Vyama vya wanafunzi hutofautiana kulingana na majukumu. Mathalani, vipo vyama vya kidini, vya kitaaluma na vya michezo. Pia, kuna vyama vya kijamii kama vile Chama cha Kupambana na Matumizi Mabaya ya Dawa na vya kiuchumi kama vile Chama cha Wakulima Chipukizi.

Imedhihirika kwamba vyama vya wanafunzi vina manufaa ya kuhusudiwa. Hii ndiyo sababu shuleni, kila mwanafunzi anahimizwa kujiunga na angaa vyama viwili. Vyama vya wanafunzi huwasaidia kukuza vipawa na kuimarisha stadi za kujieleza. Haya hufikiwa kupitia kwa shughuli za vyama kama vile ukariri wa mashairi, mijadala, utegaji na uteguaji

vitendawili, chemsha bongo na ulumbi. Aidha, vyama hivi huhimiza utangamano miongoni mwa wanachama kwani wao hujiona kuwa watu wenye mwelekeo mmoja. Vilevile utangamano wa kitaifa na kimataifa hujengeka.

Mwanafunzi arnbaye amejiunga na vyama vya wanafunzi huweza kukabiliana na changamoto za maisha kwa urahisi kuliko yule ambaye hajawahi kujiunga na chama chochote. Katika vyama hivi. wanafunzi hufunzana mikakati na maarifa ya kutatua matatizo na mbinu za kuepuka mitego ya ujana. Kupitia kwa ushauri wa marika kwa mfano, mwanafunzi hushauriwa kuhusu masuala kama vile uteuzi wa marafiki, kuratibu muda, kujikubali na kuwakubali wenzake.

Hali kadhalika, mwanafunzi hujifunza maadili ya kijamii na kidini. Kupitia kwa vyama vya kidini na vinginevyo, yeye hujifunza kujistahi na kuwa na stahamala ya kidini, kiitikadi na kikabiia. Kadhalika, majukumu ambayo mwanafunzi huenda akapewa hupalilia uwajibikaji, uaminifu na kipawa cha uongozi. Hata anapohitimu masomo yake, mwanafunzi huyu huendeleza sifa hizi.

Vijana wana nafasi kubwa katika kukabiliana na maovu ya kijamii kwani wao ndio wengi zaidi. Kupitia kwa vyama hivi, wanamnzi wanaweza kuwahamasisha wenzao dhidi ya tabia hasi kama vile kushiriki mapenzi kiholela, ulanguzi wa dawa za kulevya na kujiingiza katika burudani zisizofaa. Pia, shughuli na miradi ya vyama hivi huwawezesha wanafunzi kutumia nishati zao kwa njia ya kujinufaisha na kuepuka maovu. Kwa mfano, wanaweza kwenda kukwea milima, kufanya matembezi ya kukusanya pesa za kuwafadhili wahitaji, kuendeleza shughuli za kunadhifisha mazingira na kutembelea vituo vya mayatima na wazee.

Kushiriki katika vyama vya michezo hakumwezeshi mwanafunzi kuimarisha afya na kujenga misuli tu, bali pia huweza kuwa msingi wa kupata chanzo cha riziki baadaye. Wapo wachezaji maarufu ambao walitarnbua na kuviendeleza vipawa vyao kupitia kwa vyama vya aina hii, na hivi sasa wana uwezo wa kuyaendesha maisha yao na ya familia zao.

Ifahamike kuwa vyama vya wanafunzi vinapaswa kuwa msingi wa mshikamano na maridhiano. Visitumiwe kama vyombo vya kuwagawa wanafunzi kitabaka. Mwanafunzi hana budi kusawazisha muda anaotumia. Atenge muda wa shughuli za vyama na wa kudurusu masomo yake.

31. Kulingana na kifungu, mwanafunzi akiwa shuleni:

A. Hufunzwa mfumo sambamba, hufunzwa kupitisha mafunzo ya ziada
B. Hujiungana vyama, hujifunza mfumo sambamba
C. Huftmzwa mfumo sambamba, hufunzwa taaluma ya vyama
D. Hujiunga na vyama, hujifunza taaluma mbalimbali.

32. Katika aya ya pili, wazo kuu analozungumzia mwandishi ni:

A. Aina za vyama vya kijamii

B. Majukumu ya vyama vya wanafunzi

C. Aina za vyama vya wanafunzi

D. Majukumu ya vyama vya kijamii.

33. Chagua jibu lisilo sahihi kwa mujibu wa taarifa.

A. Vyama vya wanafimzi huchangia kukuza ubunifu wa wanafimzi.
B. Vyama vya wanafunzi huchangia kukuza uzalendo wa kimataifa.
C. Vyama vya wanafunzi huwasaidia kuimarisha uzalendo na mahusiano mema.
D. Vyama vya wanafunzi huwasaidia kuimarisha uhusiano na nchi nyingine.
34. Kifungu kinaonyesha kuwa ushauri na uelekezaji:

A. Humwezesha mwanafunzi kujithamini.
B. Humsaidia mwanafunzi kupata marafiki.
C. Humwandalia mwanafunzi mpangilio wa kazi.
D. Humwondolea mwanafunzi mitego.

35. Kwa mujibu wa taarifa, jibu linalodhihirisha maana ya methali, “Ukiona vyaelea vimeundwa,”

ni:

A. Wanafunzi wakipewa nafasi ya uongozi huheshimu mielekeo ya wengine.
B. Wanafunzi wakipewa nafasi ya uongozi hujistahiki na kustahimili wengine.
C. Wanafunzi wakipewa nafasi ya uongozi huhimiza stahamala ya kidini baadaye.
D. Wanafunzi wakipewa nafasi ya uongozi huwa wa kutegemewa baadaye.

36. Kulingana na kifungu, vijana wanaweza kudhihirisha uwajibikaji katika jamii kupitia:

A. Kuwapinga walanguzi wa dawa za kulevya na kuepuka burudani.
B. Kufanya matembezi anuwai ya kukusanya pesa.

C. Kushirtki katika miradi ya kuwaauni wanyonge.

D. Kuendeleza shughuli za kuhifadhi mazingira na kutembea milimani.
37. Kifungu kimebainisha kuwa:

A. Vijana ndio wanaoweza kushiriki mapenzi

kiholela.

B. Vijana wanaweza kutumiwa kama msingi wa

kustawisha vituo vya wahitaji.

C. Vijana wanaweza kutumiwa kama msingi wa kuadilisha jamii pana.
D. Vijana ndio wanaoweza kukabiliana na matatizo ya kijamii.

38. Chagua jibu sahihi kulingana na kifungu

A. Michezo huweza kumjengea mtu jina na kumwimarisha kiuchumi.
B. Wachezaji maarufu walianza kucheza walipojiunga na vyama.
C. Wachezaji maarufu walianza kugundua

vipawa vyao walipojiunga na vyama.

D. Michezo huweza kumjengea mtu uwezo na kumwimarisha kiuchumi

39. Maoni ya mwandishi katika aya ya mwisho ni kwamba:
A. Vyama vya wanafunzi vinaweza kuvuruga usawa katika jamii.
B. Vyama vya wanafunzi ndio msingi wa kumsaidia mwanafunzi kutumia muda wake darasani.
C. Vyama vya wanafunzi vinaweza kuvuruga masomo katika darasa.
D. Vyama vya wanafunzi ndio msingi wa kuimarisha umoja na maelewano katika jamii.
40. Kulingana na kifungu, ‘manufaayakuhusudiwa’

ni:

A. manufaa yanayowafaidi wengi

B. manufaa yanayowavutia wengi

C. manufaa yasiyosahaulika kwa urahisi

D. manufaa yasiyopatikana kwa urahisi.

Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali 41 mpaka 50.

Naikumbuka siku hiyo vizuri. Niliamka alfajiri mbichi tayari kuanza safari kutoka kijijini mwetu hadi Mji Mkuu. Hii ndiyo iliyokuwa mara yangu ya kwanza kuuzum mji huu. Moyoni nilikuwa na bashasha isiyokuwa ya kawaida kwa sababu siku hiyo ningeuona mji ambao sifa zake nilikuwa nikizisikia tu kutoka kwa wenzangu waliobahatika kuutembelea. Hamu ya kuona majengo marefu, barabara zilizosakifiwa, magari mengi, watu wa asili mbalimbali na mabustani ya starehe ilinigubika, nikawa sijifai kwa matumaini.

Tsilitembea hatua chache hadi kituo cha rnabasi, nikapata daladala moja ihyotoza nauli nafuu, nikaiabiria mpaka mji uliokuwa pua na mdomo kutoka kitongojini mwetu. Hapo nilitumaima kupata matwana ya kusafiria hadi Mji Mkuu. Kwenye stesheni kulikuwa na msongamano wa matwana na harakati za utingo waliokuwa waking’ang’ania abiria. Nikaingia katika matwana moja iliyoitwa Upepo. Nilikuwa abiria wa kumi na mbili kuingia. Baada ya dakika tano hivi, gari lilijaa abiria, wote kumi na wanne. Tukang’oa nanga. Mandhari ya kupendeza yalijikunjua mbele yangu. Upepo mwanana kupitia dirishani, mpito wa kasi wa miti, mazigazi ….vyote vilishirikiana kunipumbaza kiasi cha kunisahaulisha kufunga mkanda wa usalama.

Baada ya robo saa utingo alidai nauli. Nikapeleka mkono kwa tahadhari kwenye kibindo changu ambamo nilikuwa nimezifutika hela za usafiri na masurufu. Nikatoa noti ya shilingi mia mbili na kumkabidhi utingo huku nikitarajia baki. – Utingo alinikazia macho, akanyoosha mkono na kusema, “Mia zaidi!” Nikarudi tena kwenye kibindo, nikatoa noti mbili za shilingi hamsini na kumpa. Safari ikaendelea.

Tulipofika mji mdogo wa Pitia, matwana ilisimama. Utingo aliinama chini ya viti, akatoa vibao na kuviweka baina ya viti vya kawaida. Kisha akaanza kutangaza, “Wa Jiji na mia; mia hamsini”, Abiria walioonekana kuwa wachovu kwa kungojea na kupigwa na mzizimo wa kipupwe walipigana vikumbo kuingia, huku utingo akiwaelekeza kwenye vile vibao. Viti vilivyotengenezewa abiria watatu vikaishia kubeba abiria watano! Matwana nayo ikawa haina budi kustahimili uzito wa abiria ishirini na watatu. Tukawa tunabanana kweli kweli. Utingo naye alining’inia mlangoni, shati lake lapeperushwa na upepo. NUipojaribu kulalamikia hali hii nilinyamazishwa hata na abiria wenzangu.

Gari likaanza mwendo tena huku likiendeshwa kwa kasi ya umeme. Abiria waliokuwa wakizungumza sasa walinyamaza, kila mmoja roho i mkononi. Kimya cha kaburi kikatawala hadi pale utingo alipomwambia dereva, “Weka ngoma.” Muziki ukahanikiza hewani kwa fujo. Baadhi ya abiria wakaanza kuyumbisha vichwa kwa kufuata mdundo wa muziki ambao ulitishia kuvipasua viwambo vya masikio yangu.

Njiani tulikutana na walinda usalama ambao walitusimamisha. Utingo alishuka na kwenda chemba na mrnojawapo wa hao maafisa. kisha akarudi huku kipaji chake kirnenawiri kwa tabasamu. Akasema, “Nimempaka mafuta viganjani.” Baadhi ya abiria walitikisa vichwa, wengine wakacheka kama kwamba wameona kinyago. Mimi nilibaki kuduwaa tu. Gari liliongeza mwendo na baada ya muda mfupi tukafika kwenye mji mmoja ambao ulikuwa na majengo makubwa makubwa. Nikadhani tumefika Mji Mkuu. Nilipomuuliza abiria jirani aliniambia kuwa huu ulikuwa tu mji mkuu wa Jimbo la Buraha. Tukazidi kuyakunja masafa ya safari hii kwa kasi ya kuogofya huku dereva akitafuna majani aliyokuwa akiyatoa mfukoni mwa shati lake. Kadiri alivyoyatafuna ndivyo alivyozidisha kasi. Nikahisi kama gari linapaa juu angani. Nikataka kumwambia dereva jambo, lakini nikajiasa, “Ikiwa wengine wamenyamaza sembuse mimi?”

Baada ya kitambo kidogo mvua ilianza kunyesha. kukawa na ukungu na utelezi barabarani. Abiria mmoja alimsihi dereva kupunguza mwendo. Haya hayakumgusa dereva mshipa. Aliongeza kasi kana kwamba hajasikia lolote. Gari lilifika kwenye kuruba, dereva akawa haoni vizuri. Ghafla nikasikia, “Kirrr..!” Kisha/’Mungu wangu!” Halafu, ‘ngu!’ Kiza cha kaniki kikatanda.

41. Kulingana na kifungu;
A. Wenzake Msimulizi waliwahi kupata fursa ya kuishi katika Mji Mkuu.
B. Barabara za Mji Mkuu hazina mashimo.
C. Mji Mkuu una majumba mengi marefu.
D. Msimulizi ana mwao na hali ilivyo katika Mji Mkuu.
42. Chagua jibu sahihi kuhusu vituo vya raagari kwa mujibu wa aya ya pili:
A. Wasafiri wengi kushindania nafasi
B. Magari mengi kushindania wasafiri
C. Misongamano mingi ya kutangazia wasafari
D. Shughuli nyingi za kunadia nafasi.

43. Mazingira ya kuvutia yalimwathiri Msimulizi kwani:
A. Aliduwaanakujisahau.
B. Alifurahiaupeponakujisahau.
C. Alizubaa na kupuuza sheria za usafiri,
D. Alipumbaa na kupinga sheria za usafiri.

44. Msimulizi alikuwa amehifadhi pesa katika:
A. Mfuko mdogo ndani ya suruali.
B. Mfuko mdogo mbele ya suruali.
C. Mkunjo wa nguo iliyoshonwa kiunoni.
D. Mkunjo wa nguo uliofungwa kiunoni.

45. Katika mji wa Pitia abiria walipigana vikumbo kuingia garini kwa sababu:
A. Kulikuwa na uhaba wa magari.
B. Kulikuwa na uhaba wa viti.
C. Walikuwa wamechoka kungojea matwana Upepo.
D. Walikuwa wamepigwa na baridi na mvua.
46. Kulingana na kifungu, ajali barabarani husababishwa na:
A. ukosefu wa magari, kubeba abiria wetigi.
B. kiburi cha madereva, kutozingatia maelekezo barabarani.
C. ukosefu wa mikanda ya usalama, madereva kutowajibika.
D. muziki wa kupasua viwambo, madereva kutoona vizuri.

47. Msimulizi ni mkakamavu kwa vile:
A. Alishutumu hali ya gari kubeba abiria kuliko kiasi.
B. Alishutumu hali ya shati na utingo kuning’inia nje.
C. Alinyarnaza alipoona dereva akikaribia kurubakwakasi.
D. Alinyamaza alipoona utingo akienda chemba na afisa.

48. Chagua jibu lisilo sahihi kulingana na kifungu:
A. Abiria wengine waliufurahia muziki garini.
B. Ufisadi unaweza kusababisha ajali barabarani,
C. Abiria wanaweza kuzuia ajali barabarani.
D. Kuruba ndiyo iliyosababisha ajali garini.

49. Ni mfuatano upi wa matukio ufaao kwa mujibu wa kifungu?
A. Kucheza muziki, kukutana na polisi, kufikia kuruba, mvua kunyesha, kupata ajali
B. Kukutana na polisi, kuhonga, kucheza muziki,kufikia kuruba, kupata ajali
C. Kucheza muziki, kukutana na polisi, kuhonga,kufikia kuruba, kupata ajali.
D. Kukutana na polisi, gari kupaa juu, mvua kunyesha, kufikia-kuruba, kupata ajali.
50. ‘Kiza cha kauiki kikatanda’: kulingana na kifungu ina maana:
A. Msimulizi akapoteza fahamu.
B. Msimulizi akapoteza uwezo wa kuona.
C. Kukawa na weusi mkubwa.
D. Kukawa na giza totoro.

 

 

SCIENCE

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2011

Time: 1 hour 40 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES (Please read these instructions carefully)
1. You have been given this question booklet and a separate answer sheet. The question booklet contains 50 questions.
2. Do any necessary rough work in this booklet.

3. When you have chosen your answer, mark it on the ANSWER SHEET, not in this question booklet.

HOW TO USE THE ANSWER SHEET

4. Use an ordinary pencil only.

5. Make sure that you have written on the answer sheet:

YOUR INDEX NUMBER YOUR NAME
NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL

6. By drawing a dark line inside the correct numbered boxes mark your full Index Number (i.e. School Code Number and the three-figure Candidate’s Number) in the grid near the top of the answer sheet.
7. Do not make any marks outside the boxes.

8. Keep the sheet as clean as possible and do not fold it.

9. For each of the questions 1 – 50 four answers are given. The answers are lettered A, B, C and D. In each case only ONE of the four answers is correct. Choose the correct answer.

10. On the answer sheet, show the correct answer by drawing a dark line inside the box in which the letter you have chosen is written.

Example

In the Question Booklet

4. Which one of the following components of blood is involved in clotting after injury?
A. Plasma

B. White blood cells

C. Red blood cells

D. Platelets. The correct answer is D. On the answer sheet:
4. [A] [B] [C] [D] 14. [A] [B] [C] [D] 24. [A] [B] [C] [D] 34. [A] [B] [C] [D] 44. [A]
[B] [C] [D]
In the set of boxes numbered 4, the box with the letter D printed in it is marked.

11. Your dark line MUST be within the box.

12. For each question ONLY ONE box is to be marked in each set of four boxes.

 

This Question Paper consists of 7 printed pages.

© The Kenya National Examinations Council, 2011 TURN OVER

1. Which one of the following diseases is a child immunized against at birth, sixth week, tenth week and fourteenth week after birth?
A. Measles.

B. Yellow fever.

C. Tuberculosis.

D. Poliomyelitis.

2. Which one of the following is advisable when spraying with chemicals?

A. Spraying when the temperatures are very high.
B. Wearing a gas mask when spraying.

C. Spraying against the direction of wind.

D. Washing hands before spraying.

3. Which one of the following pairs consists only of omnivorous animals?

A. Chimpanzee and pig.
B. Chimpanzee and hyena.
C. Hippopotamus and crocodile.
D. Hippopotamus and pig.

4. The reason why some plants have thick waxy cuticle is to
A. store manufactured food
B. reduce water loss
C. allow breathing to take place
D. traps more sunlight.

5. Which one of the following consists of groups of food that mainly contains fats?
A. Avocado, groundnuts, coconut.
B. Maize, coconut, beans.
C. Irish potatoes, groundnuts, maize.
D. Irish potatoes, beans, avocado.

6. The first step in obtaining salt from a mixture of salt solution and pieces of copper
wire is

A. filtering

B. winnowing

C. using a magnet

D. evaporating to dryness.

7. Substances that have definite mass and volume are
A. solids only
B. solids and liquids
C. liquids only
D. liquids and gases.

8. A lactating mother should feed on a diet rich in calcium and phosphorous in order to
A. enables her to regain strength
B. replaces blood lost during birth
C. improve the immunity of the baby
D. strengthens the bones of the baby.
9. Which one of the following is the most effective preventive measure against the spread of sexually transmitted infections amongst the youth in schools?
A. Seeking medical attention.
B. Use of condoms.
C. Circumcision.
D. Abstinence.

10. Which one of the following pairs consists only of inclined planes?
A. Wheelbarrow and see-saw.
B. Road winding up a hill and staircase.
C. Ladder and see-saw.
D. Wheelbarrow and staircase.

11. The percentage of the component of air in the atmosphere used by legumes to make proteins is
A. 78%

B. 21%

C. 0.97%

D. 0.03%.

12. The following are signs and symptoms of anaemia
EXCEPT
A. breathlessness
B. pale white eyes
C. muscle wastage
D. tiredness.
13. Which one of the following consists only of a pair of animals that have constant body temperature?
A. Shark and whale.
B. Tortoise and ostrich.
C. Shark and bat.

D. Bat and ostrich.
14. The following are some activities carried out in an experiment to investigate drainage in soil.

 

(i) Put equal amounts of three types of soil in separate funnels,
(ii) Place the funnels on the mouth of each of the three plastic bottles.
(iii) Put cotton wool in the neck of each funnel,
(iv) Pour equal amounts of water on each type of soil at the same time.
Which one of the following is the CORRECT order of the activities?
A. (i),(ii),(iii),(iv).
B. (iii),(ii),(i),(iv).
C. (i),(iii),(ii),(iv).
D. (ii),(i),(iii),(iv).

15. Which one of the following methods of soil conservation can be used to control splash erosion?
A. Making terraces.
B. Building gabions.
C. Planting cover crops.
D. Practising contour farming.

16. The effects of heat on ice that make it change to gaseous form are
A. freezing and condensing
B. melting and evaporating
C. condensing and evaporating
D. freezing and melting.

Which one of the following is CORRECTLY

represented by K?
A. Frogs.
B. Snakes.
C. Weaverbirds.
D. Lizards.

19. Which one of the following pests is CORRECTLY
matched with the part of the crop it attacks?

Pest Part of crop attacked
A. Aphids Grains.
B. Stalkborer Leaves.
C. Cutworm Stems.
D. Weevils Leaves.

20. Which one of the following diagrams represents what is observed when water is poured into a tin can with holes of the same size at different depths?

 

From the thermometer, the temperature of the liquid is

A. 30°C

B. 27°C

C. 20°C

D. 10°C.

The aspect demonstrated was
A. conduction in different solids
B. convection in water
C. conduction in water

D. expansion indifferent solids.

 

23. To save a person who has touched an exposed electric wire, one should
A. push the person away using dry wood
B. pull the person from the wire
C. pour cold water on the person
D. shake the person vigorously.

24. In a certain investigation pupils heated different materials and recorded their findings.

Which one of the following CORRECTLY shows the pupils’ findings?

Materials that felt Materials that did hot quickly not feel hot quickly
A. Rubber Iron.

B. Copper Aluminium.
C. Plastic Glass.
D. Steel Wood.

25. Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE about friction. Friction is a force that
A. makes work difficult
B. is reduced by treading tyres
C. can be used to produce fire
D. affect the speed of moving objects.

 

 

26. Which one of the following statements describe a human canine tooth?
A. Chisel shaped with one root.
B. Rough surface with two roots.
C. Rough surface with three roots.
D. Pointed tip with one root.

27. Which one of the following consists only of parts of the human body where digestion takes place?
A. Mouth and stomach.
B. Large intestines and mouth.
C. Liver and stomach.
D. Large intestines and liver.

28. Which one of the following statements about reproduction in human beings is CORRECT?
A. Fertilization takes place in the uterus.
B. Ovulation always takes place twice in a month.
C. Uterine wall contracts during birth.

D. The embryo develops into a zygote.

29. In which one of the following activities is water used for recreation?
A. Watering plants.
B. Cooking.
C. Washing clothes.
D. Swimming.

30. In which one of the following is water used sparingly?

A. Using domestic waste water to clean toilets.
B. Turning off water taps after use.

C. Recycling waste water from factories.

D. Using harvested rain water for animals to drink.
31. When constructing a windvane the

A. pointer should be fixed on a short stand

B. pointer should be firmly held to the stand

C. pointer should be made of cardboard

D. tail of the pointer should be larger than arrow head.

32. Which one of the following groups of planets are in the CORRECT order in terms of distance from the sun?

A. Venus, Mars, Earth.

B. Earth, Saturn, Jupiter.

C. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus.

D. Mars, Neptune, Uranus.

 

 

 

33. The diagram below represents a weather chart prepared by pupils.

Which one of the following statements is
CORRECT about the weather chart?
A. Whenever it was sunny it was also calm at the same time.
B. It only rained after calm conditions.
C. Whenever it was rainy it was also windy at the same time.
D. It rained only in the afternoons.

34. Birds that have short, straight and thick beaks are
A. filter feeders
B. flesh eaters
C. nectar feeders
D. grain eaters.
35. In which one of the following does the load move through the same distance as the effort when in use?
A. Crowbar.
B. Flagpost.
C. Spade.
D. Clawhammer.

36. Which one of the following pairs of objects will float on water?
A. Coin and candlewax.
B. Bottle opener and needle.
C. Biro pen casing and rubber band.
D. Nail and bottle top.

37. During a demonstration to investigate a certain property of matter, soil was put in a small container and then dipped in water in a basin.
This was to show the presence of
A. air in water
B. water in soil
C. minerals in soil
D. air in soil.
38. Which one of the following pairs of materials are good conductors of electricity?
A. Steelwool and glass.
B. Coin and chalk.
C. Pins and dry wood.
D. Aluminium foil and razor blade.

39. Which one of the following statements about energy is TRUE? Energy is
A. a push or a pull
B. ability to do work
C. force that moves a load
D. force overcome by a machine.
40. Driving a motor vehicle with a well maintained engine will mainly control pollution in
A. air only
B. water only

C. soil and air
D. air and water.

41. A flower which has long feathery stigma and loosely held anthers is also likely to
A. have brightly coloured petals
B. have sweet scent
C. produce many pollen grains
D. produce nectar.

42. The chart below shows some farm animals and their products.

B. measure amount of force of different materials
C. show how different materials move up and down
D. compare the masses of different materials.

44. Which one of the following is TRUE about soil that has high water retention? It has
A. large air spaces
B. low capillarity
C. fine texture
D. large particles.

45. Which one of the following is an effect of soil pollution?
A. Formation of acid rain.
B. Death of small animals.
C. Interferes with photosynthesis.
D. Causes respiratory diseases.

46. Which one of the following groups consist only of external livestock parasites?
A. Fleas, mites, ticks.
B. Roundworms, lice, mites.
C. Fleas, tape worms, lice.
D. Mites, roundworms, ticks.

47. In which one of the following cases is friction a disadvantage?
A. Grinding maize.
B. Writing.
C. A bird flying.
D. Braking.

 

 

 

48. Which one of the following is a source of electricity?
A. Electromagnet.
B. Bulb.
C. Dynamo.
D. Dam.

49. Which one of the following are both reasons for lighting a house?
A. Safety and discouraging pests.
B. Drying and discouraging pests.
C. Warming and seeing clearly.
D. Safety and warming.

50. In a certain investigation on soil, pupils heated soil in a container until smoke was produced. This was to investigate presence of

A. air in soil
B. organic matter in soil
C. water in soil
D. living organisms in soil.

 

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KCPE 2011

SOCIAL STUDIES AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Time: 2 hour 15 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES (Please read these instructions carefully)

1. You have been given this question booklet and a separate answer sheet. The question booklet contains 90 questions.

2. Do any necessary rough work hi this booklet.

3. When you have chosen your answer, mark it on the ANSWER SHEET, not in this question booklet.

HOWTOUSETHEANSWERSHEET

4. Use an ordinary pencil.

5. Make sure you have written on the answer sheet:

YOUR INDEX NUMBER YOUR NAME
NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL

6. By drawing a dark line inside the correct numbered boxes mark your full Index Number (i.e. School Code Number and the three-figure Candidate’s Number) in the grid near the top of the answer sheet.
7. Do not make any marks outside the boxes.

8. Keep the sheet as clean as possible and do not fold it.

9. For each of the questions 1-90 four answers are given. The answers are lettered A, B, C and D. In each case only ONE of the four answers is correct. Choose the correct answer.

10. On the answer sheet the correct answer is to be shown by drawing a dark line inside the box in which the letter you have chosen is written.

Example

584 REVISING KCPE

In the Question Booklet:

31. Which one of the following groups of people belong to a nuclear family?
A. Mother, Son, Grandfather.
B. Father, Son, Uncle.
C. Father, Daughter, Son.
D. Grandmother, Father, Daughter. The correct answer is “C”
On the answer sheet
31. [A] [B] [C] [D] 32. [A] [B] [C] [D] 33. [A] [B] [C] [D] 34. [A] [B] [C] [D] 35. [A] [B] [C] [D]
In the set of boxes numbered 31, the box with the letter C printed in it is marked.

11. Your dark line MUST be within the box.

12. For each question ONLY ONE box is to be marked in each set of four boxes.

This question paper consists of 12 printed pages.

© The Kenya National Examinations Council, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

585 REVISING KCPE

Study the map of Liki area and answer questions 1 to 7.

1. What is the direction of Loti hilt from the Mission Station?
A. North East.

B. NorthWest.

C. South East.

D. SouthWest.

2. The approximate length of the railway line shown on the map is
A. 10 kilometres
B. 12 kilometres
C. 13 kilometres
D. 18 kilometres.

3. The main type of natural vegetation in Liki area is
A. forest
B. swamp
C. scrub
D. scattered trees.

4. Which one of the following statements is true about river Li mar?
A. It is a seasonal river.
B. It has few meanders.
C. It flows westwards.
D. Tt is used for transport.

5. The following economic activities are carried out in Liki area except
A. fishing
B. mining
C. trading
D. cattle keeping.

6. The distribution of settlements in Liki area can mainly be described as
A. dispersed

B. clustered

C. linear

D. dense.

7. Which one of the following local authorities is in charge of Liki town?
A. City Council.
B. Municipal Council.

C. Urban Council.
D. County Council.

8. Which one of the following was a way of educating the youth in traditional African societies?
A. Using a fixed time table.

B. Attaching the learners to an expert.

C. Teaching boys and girls similar skills.

D. Asking the learners to write down points.

 

9. The migration of people into a country is called
A. immigration
B. emmigration
C. rural-urban migration
D. urban-urban migration.

 

10. Which one of the following is true about the interaction of Kenyan communities during the pre-colomaS period?
A. Having a common standing army.
B. Organizing common initiation ceremonies.
C. Carrying out trading activities.
D. Worshipping the same gods.

11. Who among the following explorers carried out activities along River Zambezi?
A. Dr. David Livingstone.
B. Dr. Ludwig Krapf.
C. Johann Rebmann.
D. Vasco da Gama.
12. Which one of the following was the reason for the coming of the Portuguese to the East African coast?
A. They wanted to build Fort Jesus.
B. They were looking for the source of river Nile.
C. They wanted to trade with people in the region.
D. The wanted to establish maize plantations in the region.

13. The revolution of the earth causes
A. changes in the direction of wind
B. day and night
C. formation of clouds
D. the four seasons.

14. The diagram below shows the structure of a type of mountain. Use it to answer the question that follows.

The type of mountain shown in the diagram was formed as a result of
A. faulting of the rocks
B. folding of the rocks
C. deposition of eroded materials
D. accumulation of lava on the earth’s surface.

15. Below are statements that describe the organization of traditional African Societies,
(i) They lived in caves,
(ii) They believed in a Supreme Being,
(iii) They practised the art of painting,
(iv) They were organized in clans,
(v) They were nomads.
Which one of the following combination of statements describes the social organization of the Khoikhoi.
A. (i), (ii) and (iv)
B. (i), (iii) and (v)
C. (ii), (iv) and (v)
D. (iii), (iv) and (v)

16. Which one of the following Kenyan communities belong to the same language group?
A. Nandi, Boran and Kipsigis.
B. Rendille, Galla and Nandi.
C. Kipsigis, Rendille and Orma.
D. Galla, Orma and Borana.

17. The diagram below shows an instrument used for measuring weather. Use it to answer the question that follows.

 

 

 

 

 

The community whose migration pattern is describe above is
A. Agikuyu
B. Luo
C. Abagusii
D. Iteso.
19. One of the causes of soil erosion is
A. terracing
B. contour ploughing
C. crop rotation
D. monocropping.

20. The reason why children should help parents in carrying out family responsibilities is to
A. enable them earn some money

B. improve their performance in school

C. enable them grow faster

 

 

 

 

 

18.

 

of L.

Which one of the following statements is true
about the instrument shown in the diagram?
It is used to
A. determine the direction of the wind
B. record the speed of the wind
C, determine the strength of the wind
D. record the distance moved by the wind.

Below are statements about the migration of a community into Kenya during the pre-colonial period,
(i) They migrated from the Congo Basin,

(ii) They travelled along the western shores

Victoria.

(ii) They entered Kenya through the Mt.
Elgon area.

(iii) They migrated further eastwards in

D. promote harmony in the family.

21. Which one of the following was the reason why European nations scrambled for colonies in Africa?
A. To acquire raw materials for their industries.
B. To promote the African culture.
C. To create job opportunities for the Africans.
D. To promote peace in the continent.

22. Three of the following are characteristics of the Mediterranean type of climate. Which one is NOT?
A. The annual range of temperature is
high.

B. Rain occurs throughout the year.

C. Summers are hot and dry.

search of

D. Dust storms are common.

agricultural land.

23. Which one of the following is a reason why Lewanika allowed Christian missionaries to establish stations in the Lozi Kingdom?
A. He desired to use them to fight his enemies.
B. He obeyed the advice of Khama of Ngwato.
C. He wanted them to spread Christianity.
D. He wanted them to assist him become wealthy.

24. The meaning of climate is
A. the daily weather condition of a given place
B. the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time
C. the daily temperature records of a given place
D. the amount of moisture in the atmosphere.

25. Below are some uses of soil
(i) Brick making,
(ii) Pottery making,
(iii) Building terraces,
(iv) Decorating walls,
(v) Decorating bodies.
Which one of the following combinations gives the traditional uses of soil?
A. (i), (ii) and (iv).
B. (i), (iii) and (iv).
C. (ii), (iii) and (v).
D. (ii), (iv) and (v).

26. Which one of the following factors led to the Hehe resistance of German occupation in Tanganyika?
A. They were influenced by the prophecy of Mkwawa.
B. They wanted to protect their cultural beliefs.
C. They had been promised support by the British.
D. They wanted to show their military power.

27. Which one of the following methods is used to catch fish in the deep sea?
A. Line fishing.

B. Trawling.
C. Basket fishing.
D. spearing.

28. Which one of the following pre-historic sites in Eastern Africa is correctly matched with the country where it is located?

Pre-historic site Country

A. Hadar Kenya.

B. Ishango Ethiopia.

C. Olduvai Gorge Tanzania.

D. Olorgesaille Uganda.

29. Which one of the following ways indicates how pupils may be abused white at school?
A. Asking them to clean the chalkboard.

B. Retaining them in class during break time.

C. Asking them to complete their home work.

D. Retaining them for extra teaching.

30. Which one of the following is the main effect of HIV and AIDS on population growth?
A. It lowers the life expectancy.
B. It reduces the fertility rates.
C. It leads to increased deaths.
D. It lowers the birth rates.

31. The main reason for establishing settlement schemes in Kenya after independence was to
A. improve standards of living in the rural areas
B. provide farms to the people who had no land
C. reduce pressure on land in densely populated areas
D. increase crop and livestock production.

32. Below are some conditions necessary for the growing, of a crop.

(i) Deep well drained soils which are slightly acidic.
(ii) Gently sloping land.
(iii) Well distributed rainfall throughout the year.

(i v) Temperatures of about 21 °C
The crop that grows under the condition listed above is
A. coffee
B. pyrethrum
C. tea
D. wheat.

33. Below are contributions of an African leader
towards the struggle for independence,
(i) Supported African Liberation Movements,
(ii) Organized non violent struggle,
(iii) Negotiated for independence from colonialist.

The leader referred to is
A. Leopold Senghor
B. Julius Nyerere
C. Camel Nasser
D. Haile Salasie.

34. The following are characteristics of a type of traditional farming in Kenya,
(i) Small portions of land are cultivated at a time,
(ii) Trees are cut and burnt,
(iii) Simple farming tools are used,
(iv) Loss of soil fertility leads to movement of people to new areas.
The characteristics listed above describe traditional type of farming known as
A. bush fallowing
B. rotational farming
C. shifting cultivation
D. crop rotation.
Use the map of Africa below to answer questions 35 to 38

 

591 REVISING KCPE

35. The relief feature marked J is
A. Ahaggar plateau
B. Adamawa Highlands
C. Atlas Mountains
D. Tibesti Mountains.

36. The multi-purpose river project marked K is
A. Aswan High Dam
B. Tana River project
C. Kariba Dam
D. Volta River Scheme.

37. The town marked M is
A. Eldoret
B. Nakuru
C. Nairobi
D. Thika.

38. Which one of the following colonial system of administration was applied in the country marked L?
A. Direct rule.
B. Indirect rule.
C. Association.
D. Assimilation.

39. The main contribution of sugar cane farming to the economy of Sudan is that it has led to the
A. development of social amenities
B. earning of foreign exchange
C. creation of job opportunities
D. development of transport network.

40. Below are statements about a mineral in Kenya,
(i) It is mined on the floor of the Rift Valley,
(ii) It is used for softening water,
(iii) It is the leading mineral export.

The mineral described above is
A. diatomite
B. flourspar
C. limestone
D. soda Ash.
41. Which one of the following groups of factors has favoured the growth of Nakuru town?

preserving facilities.

B. Fishing is carried out during particular seasons.
C. Fish is mainly for export market.
D. Fish is mainly transported by railway.

47. Which one of the following industries is correctly
matched with the main type of pollution it causes?

 

 

42. Three of the following are problems facing poultry farming in Kenya. Which one is not? .

Industry
A. Leather tanning
B. Saw milling
C. Cement manufacture
D. Vehicle assembly

Type of pollution Noise pollution Water pollution Air pollution Land

A. Diseases that kill the birds.

B. Shortage of workers.

C. Expensive poultry feeds.

D. Changes in the prices of poultry products.

43. John, a standard six pupil, notices an elderly person lying along the pathway. The best action for John to take to assist the person is to
A. try to talk to the person
B. call for help
C. let the person rest
D. try to move the person.

44. The main factor favouring large scale dairy farming in the Kenya highlands is
A. existence of cool climate
B. availability of veterinary services
C. availability of labour
D. existence of milk storage facilities.

45. The main reason why there are many road accidents in Kenya is that

A. roads are in poor condition
B. cyclists ride carelessly
C. roads lack road signs
D. drivers ignore traffic rules.

46. Which one of the following statements is true
about inland fishing in both Kenya and Tanzania?

A. Fishermen have inadequate modern fish

48. Below are some factors which are considered in the location of industries,
(i) availability of water,
(ii) nearness to the market,
(iii) availability of raw materials,
(iv) government policy,
(v) availability of labour.
Which one of the following combinations of factors could be considered when locating a basket weaving industry?
A. (i), (ii) and (v).
B. (i), (iii) and (v).
C. (ii), (iii) and (v)
D. (ii), (iv) and (v).

49. Kenya’s philosophy of African Socialism is important in that it

A. promotes traditional systems of government
B. encourages individuals to get wealth
C. encourages people to work as a team
D. promotes the use of different currencies.

50. Below are tourist attractions in Kenya and Switzerland,
(i) Coastal beaches,
(ii) Winter sports,
(iii) Varied glacial scenery,
(iv) Hot sunny climate throughout the year.

592 REVISING KCPE

Which one of the following combinations is made up of tourist attractions in Switzerland?
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (i)and(iv)
C. (ii) and (iii)
D. (iv) and (iii).

51. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) had its members drawn from
A. independent states of Africa
B. English speaking states of Africa
C. states with similar systems of government
D. states with common currency.

52. Pupils should participate in school management so that they
A. ensure the teachers do their work effectively
B. prepare their class timetables
C. understand the rules that guide them
D. take care of the school money.

53. The following are statements about a type of democracy,
(i) Power is in the hands of citizen.
(ii) Citizens meet to make laws,
(iii) Citizens appoint officials to implement policies.

The type of democracy referred to is
A. direct democracy
B. indirect democracy
C. parliamentary democracy
D. civic democracy.

54. The reason why electric fences are constructed around some national parks is to
A. prevent wild animals from destroying crops
B. make the parks beautiful
C. mark migration routes of wild animals
D. enable people to visit the parks.

55. It is important for citizens to participate in General Elections in order to
A. choose responsible leaders
B. get a share of the national resources
C. assist their relatives to get jobs
D. settle their political differences.

56. One of the benefits of trade to Kenya’s economy is that it

A. encourages people to move to urban centres

B. makes people get to know each other
C. generates revenue for the government
D. reduces the importation of goods.

57. Which one of the following statements describes litigation as a way of resolving conflict in the society?
A. Taking the matter to court.
B. Asking for forgiveness.
C. Discussing with one another.
D. Involving a third party.
58 In Kenya, a councillor may lose a civic seat if he/she is A- unable to contribute in council meeting
B. admitted in hospital
C. declared bankrupt by a court of law
D. unable to use the allocated funds.

59. The work of the police force in Kenya is to
A. make laws
B. arrest low breakers
C. punish law breakers
D. protect the borders.

60. Two communities have disagreed over the ownership of a piece of grazing land.
The best way through which peace could be maintained is by
A. moving one of the communities to a new area
B. teaching the communities how to !ive together
C. negotiating over the matter
D. taking the matter to court.

PART II RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
SECTION A:
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
61. According to the stories of creation in Genesis chapter 1 and 2, human beings were to care for the environment by
A. naming the animals
B. tilling the land
C. building shelters
D. building shrines.

62. The story of Noah and the flood mainly teaches Christians that

A. they should protect their lives
B. families are important

C. they should protect the animals
D. those who sin are punished.

63. The promises that God made to Abraham mainly
teach Christians to be
A. faithful
B. courageous
C. humble
D. tolerant.

64. Who among the following people was the son of Isaac?
A. Joseph.
B. Joshua.
C. Jacob.
D. Jonah.

65. During their last night in Egypt, the Israelites put the blood on the door posts in order to
A. keep their enemies away
B. show their suffering
C. mark their houses
D. show that they were in a hurry.

66. Which one of the following actions was carried out by Moses at Mount Sinai?
A. Building an altar.
B. Removing water from the stone.
C. Feeding people with manna.
D. Performing miraculous deeds.

67. Who among the following people led the Israelites against the Midianites?
A. David.
B. Ahab.
C. Gideon.
D. Saul.

 

68. The Shunamite woman welcomed prophet Elijah into her house by
A. giving him clothes
B. giving him a place to stay
C. pouring oil on his feet
D. washing his clothes.

69. The prophet who foretold about the suffering servant is
A. Amos
B. Jeremiah
C. Micah
D. Isaiah.

70. Which one of the following was said about Jesus by Angel Gabriel? The child will
A. be mighty
B. be called Holy
C. not drink any wine
D. be a light to the Gentiles.

71. Which one of the following reasons explains why the shepherds visited baby Jesus? They
A. wanted to take gold to him
B. were sent by Herod
C. wanted to worship him
D. wanted to please his parents.

72. “Happy are those who work for peace; God will call them his children” (Matthew 5:9)
These words were spoken by Jesus
A. during the sermon on the mount
B. during his temptations
C. when choosing the disciples
D. when attending the wedding at Cana.

73. The main lesson Christians learn from the miracle of the miraculous catch offish is that they should
A. be committed to their work
B. be ready to serve God
C. work with others
D. obey God’s word.

74. A lesson that Christians learn from the raising of Jairus’ daughter is that they should
A. ask for help
B. protect themselves against evil
C. give out their belongings
D. repent their sins.

75. Which one of the following parables teaches Christians to accept others?
The parable of the
A. sower
B. mustard seed
C. lost son
D. rich man and lazarus.
76. Which one of the following statements was said by Jesus during the last super?

A. “This is my body which is given for you.”
B. “Do not worry about your life, what you will eat.”
C. “Father if you are willing, take this cup from me.”
D. “Do not put the Lord your God to the test.”

77. Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus because he wanted to
A. please the Roman authorities
B. please the Jewish leaders
C. become famous
D. get riches.

78. Jesus made his eleven disciples to believe that He had resurrected by
A. healing them
B. washing their feet
C. breaking the bread
D. showing them the scars.

79. Which one of the following practices was carried out by believers in the early church?
A. Naming of the children.
B. Burning incense.
C. Sharing meals.
D. Pouring libations.

80. Who among the following people baptised the Ethiopian Eunuch?
A. Philip.
B. Peter.
C. Paul.
D. Ananias.

81. Which one of the following is a gift of the Holy Spirit?
A. Mercy.
B. Wisdom.
C. Kindness.
D. Self-control.

82. Which one of the following ways of worship is common to both the traditional African religion and Christianity?
A. Making sacrifices.
B. Reciting prayers.
C. Reading scriptures
D. Baptising believers.

83. The main reason why marriage is important in traditional African communities is
A. to get security

B. to improve one’s status
C. to provide companionship
D. for the continuity of the family line.

84. In traditional African communities children are taught their responsibilities by
A. brothers

B. friends

C. parents

D. sisters.

85. Which one of the following actions by Christians best show their respect for leaders?
A. Being obedient.
B. Paying visits.
C. Correcting the leaders.
D. Offering gifts.

86. Your classmate Tabitha makes a lot of noise during study time. This is affecting the performance of the class.
As a Christian what is the best action to take?
A. Inform her parents about it.
B. Inform the class teacher.
C. Advice her to stop the habit.
D. Tell others not to talk to her.

87. Which one of the following group of activities show
the Christian teaching on leisure activities?

 

88. Your classmate John has been asked by the mother to help in doing housework. He refuses because he feels that this is a dirty job. As a Christian, what advice would you give him?
Tell him
A. the benefit of working
B. to let the mother do it

595 REVISING KCPE

C. to ask the mother to employ a house help
D. to leave home.

89. Timothy a standard seven pupil has been asked to give money to the Captain so as to be allowed to play in the school football team. As a Christian, what action should he take?
A. Pay the money required.
B. Tell him it is wrong.
C. Announce it to the others.
D. Report the matter to the games master.

90. Which one of the following is a main reason why Christians condemn misuse of drugs?
A. It leads to fights.
B. It leads to poverty.
C. It defiles the body.
D. It causes insecurity.

64. A lesson that Muslims learn from Surah At- takathur is that they should
A. take care of orphans
B. worship only one God
C. keep away from worldly things
D. observe punctuality in salah.
65. The following are verses of Surah Al-khlas:
(i) “He begets not nor was He begotten”
(ii) “Say He is Allah the one”
(iii) “And there is none comparable to Him”
(iv) “Allah the self-sufficient master” The correct order of the above verses is
A. (iii)(iv)(ii)(i)
B. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. (ii) (iv)(i)(iii)
D. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

66. “If you want to do something ” Which one
of the following statements completes the quoted Hadith of the Prophet?
A. Think of its outcome.
B. Do it on your own.
C. Do it immediately.
D. Consult others.

67. Khamis, a standard five pupil was riding on a donkey when it suddenly stopped. According to the Hadith of the Prophet(P.b.u.h) Khamis should

A. feed the donkey
B. force the donkey to move
C. get off the donkey
D. beat up the donkey.

68. The first wife of the prophet (P.b.u.h.) was known as
A. Hafsa bint Umar-al-khattab
B. Khadija bint Khuwailid
C. Aisha bint Abubakar D, Safiya bint Huyay.
69. According to the Hadith of the Prophet (p.b.u.h), the best person is the one who acquires knowledge and
A. memorises it
B. preserves it
C. conceals it
D. teaches it.
70. Who among the following is not a prophet?
A. Zakariya.
B. Lukman.
597 REVISING KCPE

C. Yahya.
D. Yunus.
71. The main reason why hard work is important to
Muslims is because it
A. discourages laziness
B. discourages begging
C. is a way of earning lawfully
D. is a way of creating wealth.

72. Kassim’s mother overworks their maid Halima. The best course of action for Kassim to take is to
A. plead with his mother to be kind to Halima
B. advise his mother to increase Halima’s salary
C. ask Halima to quit her job
D. assist Halima in her duties.

73. According to the teachings of the Prophet (P.b.u.h.), jazakallah should be said when a person
A. becomes sick
B. completes a task
C. wakes up from sleep
D. performs a good deed.

74. Which one of the following Surahs is recited by Muslims when going to sleep?
A. An-Nas.
B. Al-Asr.
C. Al-Alaq.
D. An-Nasr.

 

75. Below are events in the history of Islam;
(i) treaty of Hudaibiya
(ii) farewell Hajj
(iii) battle of Badr
(iv) Hijra to Madina
(v) conquest of Makka
The correct order of the above events is
A. (iii)(iv)(v)(ii)(i)
B. (v) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
C. (iv) (iii) (i) (v) (ii)
D. (i) (ii) (iii) (v) (iv).

76. Fatma, a standard six pupil saw her classmate Zainab stealing some money. The right course of action for Fatma to take is to
A. advise Zainab to stop stealing
B. pretend that she did not see Zainab
C. tell other pupils about Zainab’s action
D. ask Zainab to share the money with her.

77. A lesson that Muslims learn from the treatment of prisoners of war in the battle of Badr is that prisoners should be

A. Sitta-tul-shawwal.
B. Ayyamul-beidh.
C. Yaumul ashura.
D. Yaumul arafa.

84. Which one of the following prophets is correctly matched with the scripture revealed to him?

A. set free
B. locked up

Prophet
A. Musa

Scripture
Injil.

C. denied food
D. treated kindly.

78. Your classmate tells you that she would like to buy a dress for Idd celebrations. As a Muslim, you would advise her to buy a dress that is
A. currently on fashion
B. shiny and attractive
C. very expensive
D. modest and covers nakedness.
79. The major activity performed Idd-Ul- on the day of Hajj is
A. visiting the sick
B. attending parties
C. slaughtering animals
D. visiting relatives.

80. The duty of Angel Isrqfil is
A. blowing the trumpet
B. removing the souls
C. recording deeds
D. bringing rain.

81. Which one of the following months is not
among the ash-hurul-hurum?
A. Muharram.
B. Ramadhan.
C. Dhulhijja.
D. Rajab.

82. When Muslims are in need they should seek for assistance from
A. Imam
B. Allah
C. Prophet
D. Jibril.
83. Which is the Sunnah fast observed on the 9th of Dhul-hijjal?

C. Tbrahim – Suhuf.
D. Issa Zabur.

85. The salah which is performed at dawn is known as
A. fajr
B. dhuhr
C. is hah
D. asr.

86. When Muslims perform halal acts, they are
A. protected by Allah
B. punished by Allah
C. rewarded by Allah
D. forgiven by Allah.
87. Muhammad a standard seven pupil forgot that he was fasting and ate a piece of cake. The right action for him to take is to
A. force himself to vomit
B. break the fast and repent
C. continue eating and fast later
D. stop eating and continue fasting.

88. Three of the following items are liable for Zakat
except
A. household furniture
B. clothes for sale
C. cash savings
D. farm produce.

89. A visit to the prophet’s mosque in Madina during Hajj is important because
A. it is a ritual of Hajj.
B. it is the second holiest mosque in Islam.
C. it is the first mosque in Islam.
D. it is where the Sahaba were buried.

90. Which one of the following factors contributed to the spread of Islam along the Kenyan Coast?
A. Colonisation.

B. Holy war.
C. Intermarriage.

D. Slavery.
ANSWERS TO THE 2003 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

MATHEMATICS GHC QUESTIONS ENGLISH KISWAHILI SCIENCE CRE
1 C C B D A C C C 31 B A B D A
2 A B C B B B B B 32 B D A C C
3 D A B B B D D D 33 D C D A B
4 A B D D B A A A 34 A B A C A
5 B D C C B B B B 35 C A A D C
6 B C C B C A A A 36 B D B A D
7 C A A A D A A A 37 A C B D A
8 A D D D A B B B 38 C A B B A
9 C B C B C C C C 39 B B C B A
10 D D C A C D D D 40 B C C B C
11 A C D B C A A A 41 B C C B C
12 B B C D B A A A 42 A A C C A
13 D A B B A B B B 43 D D D B C
14 A D A D A A A A 44 C B D A A
15 B C B A D C C C 45 D C A D C
16 C C D D D A A A 46 C A D B C
17 B D D C D D D D 47 D D A D B
18 A A C A C B B B 48 C B C A D
19 A D D B C C C C 49 C C D A C

20 D C B D B A A A 50 D A A C B
21 B B B B A B B B 51 C
22 D A C C D C C C 52 A
23 A D D B A A A A 53 D
24 B C A C D B B B 54 A
25 C B C C C D D D 55 B
26 C D A A D C C C 56 D
27 D A B A C A A A 57 D
28 C D D B A D D D 58 A
29 D C B C B D D D 59 C
30 D B A A A B B B 60 A

 

ANSWERS TO THE 2004 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

8 C D A D B D D D 38 C C B A B
9 A C D C A A A A 39 C A A B C
10 C A D B B D D D 40 A D C D C
11 C D A B A B B B 41 D B B C D
12 A B C D D B B B 42 B D D D B
13 A A C A C C C C 43 C A B C A
14 D C C C D B B B 44 D A D B C
15 B B B B C D D D 45 A A A D D
16 D D A A B D D D 46 B B B B C
17 A B B B A C C C 47 D D C A A
18 C A A D D B B B 48 B D A C B
19 D D B C A C A A 49 D C C B C
20 C C D B C D D D 50 A B B B B
21 C A D A B A A A 51 D
22 C D B C A A A A 52 B
23 C C D D D C C C 53 A
24 D B C D D D D D 54 D
25 A D C C B C C C 55 B
26 C B C A C C C C 56 D
27 A A A B A B B B 57 C
28 D C C A B A A A 58 A
29 A A A A D D D D 59 D
30 C D D C C C C C 60 C

ANSWERS TO THE 2005 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

19 B C C C D C C C 49 B C D D C
20 C A A D B B B B 50 D C D A A
21 A C D A A A A A 51 D
22 D D D B D D D D 52 A
23 B B B D B C C C 53 C
24 C D A A A C C C 54 B
25 A C B A C B B B 55 B
26 A A B C A D D D 56 A
27 C B C B D A A A 57 D
28 A A D B B B B B 58 C
29 C D C D D D D D 59 D
30 B C D C B C C C 60 B
C. uwezo wa kuweka mipaka

D. serikali yake.

43. Mipaka ya Kitaifa:

A. hutambulisha watawala

B. huimarisha uzalendo

C. huimarisha ubunifu

D. hutambulisha utamaduni.

44. “Bila hisia za umoja na udugu kwa hakika haingewezekana kuwa na taifa madhubuti.” Methali inayoweza kujumuisha kauli hii ni:
A. Mla nawe hafi nawe ila mzaliwa nawe.

B. Papo kwa papo kamba hukata jiwe.

C Kinga na kinga ndipo moto uwakapo. D Udugu wa nazi hukutania chunguni.

45. Kulingana na kifungu, kuishi katika eneo moja husababisha

A. kutegemeana na kupendana

B. kutiana ari na kutambuana

C. kujenga taifa na kuelewana D kushirikiana na kufahamiana.

46. Kulingana na kifungu, ‘mazoea yana taabu’ inamaanisha:

A. mtu akizoea biriani hatatamani vyakula vingine
B. mtu akizoea chakula cha kienyeji hatatamani mapochopocho
C. mtu hutamani chakula alichozoea kuliko kizuri alichoandaliwa
D. mtu hutamani chakula mahsusi kuliko kizuri alichoandaliwa.

47. Huko Afrika Magharibi vitenge vilivyonakshiwa:

A. hupendelewa na wanawake wote

B. hutofautisha wanawake na wanaume

C. hupendelewa na wanajamii wote

D. hutofautisha jamii moja na nyingine.

1 B D B B C

B B B

31 D B

D C C

2 D B D C

B A A A

32 A A A B A

3 A A C

A D C C C

33 B B

D D D

4 C C

C D C

D D D

34 C C

D A C

5 D B

B A A

D D D

35 B

D A B B

6 B C C C

B B B B

36 D A

D A B

7 C D A D C

A A A

37 C D C B D

8 A A B C

D A A A

38 A A A B A

9 B D D A A B B B

39 B C

B D C

10 A C C C

C D D D

40 C B

B D B

11 D A C C

A C C C

41 A B

A D A

12 C

B D B

B A A A

42 A

D D A D

13 C

A C A D B B B

43 C A C A C

14 A

D A B

A D D D

44 B C

A D D

15 B B

D A B C C C

45 B D C A B

16 D C

D A C

B B B

46 D A C A A

17 B

D D C

A B C

D 47 D C

A B C

18 B C A C

D D D D

48 C B

B B A

19 A A B D B

A A A

49 D A B C D

20 D B C B C

B B B

50 A D A D D

21 B C

B D A

D D D 51 B

Control Africa SOLUTIONS

22 C

A A C

A C C C 52 B

606 STD 8 BOOSTER
23 C C C B D A A A 53 A

ANSWERS TO THE 2006 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ANSWERS TO THE 2007 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

20 C C C C D A A A 50 B C A C C
21 B D D B A A A A 51 B
22 D A D D C B B B 52 D
23 A C D A B A A A 53 B
24 D B B D A D D D 54 A
25 B C C C D C C C 55 D
26 B D D A C B B B 56 C
27 D A A D D D D D 57 A
28 A D A B B A A A 58 B
29 C C D D A C C C 59 D
30 B B D A D B B B 60 C

ANSWERS TO THE 2008 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
ENGLISH KISWAHILI MATHEMATICS
SCIENCE SOCIAL STUDIES
CRE
IRE
HRE
QUESTIONS
ENGLISH KISWAHILI MATHEMATICS
SCIENCE SOCIAL STUDIES
1 D C A C C C C C 31 A C B A A
2 C B C D A A B B 32 D B C D C
3 A A D B D B D D 33 B A C B D
4 A A A B B A A A 34 B A C C B
5 D D B D D C B B 35 B D B A D
6 B A B D B D A A 36 A C C B A
7 C C A C A D C D 37 D B B C C

8 B D C D C C D C 38 A C D B D
9 B B B B B A A A 39 A D A D C
10 A B D A D C C C 40 C A B C B
11 D A C D A D A B 41 D A A A A
12 C D B A C B A B 42 D B A B D
13 B C D D A C B A 43 C D B B D
14 B C D B D D D D 44 D C C C A
15 A D C D B B D C 45 C A D D B
16 C A B B D B A B 46 D C A B A
17 A B D A A C C C 47 A B C C D
18 A A D A C B A A 48 A C A D B
19 B C C A B D C D 49 B A A C C
20 D D B C D D C D 50 C C C A A
21 C D B A B B B B 51 D
22 B C D A A A A A 52 C
23 D B A C C C A A 53 B
24 A A C C D B C C 54 A
25 A B A B A A C D 55 D
26 C A D A C D A B 56 B
27 B C D D B B C C 57 A
28 C D D B A C B A 58 D
29 B C B A D A D D 59 C

30 D B A D A D C B 60 B

ANSWERS TO THE 2009 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS ENGLISH
KISWAHILI MATHEMATICS
SCIENCE CRE
IRE HRE QUESTIONS ENGLISH KISWAHILI MATHEMATICS
SCIENCE SOCIAL STUDIES
1 C C C D D C A A 31 D B C A D
2 C A D A B A B B 32 D D C A B
3 A D B A D A B B 33 A B B D B
4 D B B C C B D D 34 A D A B C
5 B D C B B C C C 35 D C B A A
6 B A B A D A A A 36 B A D A D
7 B A A B B D B B 37 C C C D B
8 D B D B C C C C 38 A A B A A
9 B B D B A A A A 39 D C A A C
10 C D B C B B A A 40 A D C D D
11 C A C C D C C C 41 B D D B A
12 C A C B B D B D 42 B A A D A
13 B C A B A D D D 43 D B D C D
14 C D B D C A A A 44 A A A D C
15 C D D D A A D D 45 A C D A B
16 D B A C B D D D 46 A B A B A
17 A D C B D A A A 47 D A D D B
18 C C D C B B B B 48 C D B B A

19 A A B B A A A A 49 B C B B D
20 A B B C C D B B 50 C B A A D
21 B A A A B B C C 51 B
22 B D A A C C B B 52 A
23 C B A C B D D D 53 C
24 B D D C D A A A 54 A
25 C D B B A B C C 55 D
26 D A A D C C A A 56 B
27 A C C B A A D D 57 A
28 C B C D D D C C 58 C
29 A C D C C D B B 59 A
30 A A B A A B A A 60 B

 

ANSWERS TO THE 2010 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

 

QUESTIONS ENGLISH
KISWAHILI MATHEMATICS SCIENCE CRE IRE
HRE QUESTIONS ENGLISH KISWAHILI MATHEMATICS SCIENCE SOCIAL STUDIES
1. A B D C D B B B 31. D A A C B
2. D C C A C C C C 32. A A A D C
3. C D B C A C C C 33. B A A C C
4. D C D A D B B B 34. A C D B A

5. C A D D B C C C 35. C A B B D
6. A C B B D C C C 36. B D C A B
7. C D D C B C C C 37. B B A D D
8. D B A D C D D D 38. B D B D C
9. B D B A A A A 39 B C C D D
10. A B B B D B B B 40. B B C A D
11. D A A A C C C C 41. D A C A B
12. D C B C B D D D 42. C B C B A
13. B C C D B A A A 43. B B D A C
14. B B D A A B B B 44. D C B D A
15. A A C D D B B B 45. C D A C B
16. A D C C C C C C 46. D C A D B
17. C B A B B A A A 47. C C C C D
18. D C B A A D D D 48. B B C A A
19. A A C D D B B B 49. A A B C
20. A A A B C D D D 50. B A C D B
21. C A A C 51. D
22. A D A C B A A A 52. A
23. D A D A B B B 53. C
24. C C D D D A A A 54. B
25. B D A A C D D D 55. D
26. C B D B A B B B 56. A

27. A D B C C A A A 57. C
28. D B A D B D D D 58. B
29. B D A A A C C C 59. C
30. C A C B D A A A 60. B

ANSWERS TO THE 2011 KCPE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

14. B A A B D A 44. B D A C D
15. C D B C C D 45. D A A B A
16. C B D B D A 46. A B C A C
17. B C C A B D 47. D A A C C
18. D A B B C D 48. D D A C C
19. A B A C D C 49. C C D A D
20. B D D A D A 50. A A D B A
21. C C B B A B 51. C
22. A B A* A B B 52. A
23. B A B A A D 53. A
24. A D D B* B C 54. A
25. C C B B D A 55. A
26. D A C D B C 56. C
27. D B B A B D 57. A
28. C B C C C A 58. C
29. B A C D B B 59. B
30. A B A B C C 60. B
NB: PLEASE, Teachers are requested to scrutinize this marking scheme before use.it is worth.

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FORM ONE NOTES

INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING CRE

Definition of Christian Religious Education (CRE)

Christian Religious Education is the study of God’s revelation to human beings through scriptures, the persons of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit.

Why do schools study CRE?

There are many reasons why schools study CRE. Some of the reasons are to:

  1. a) Enable you to develop a personal relationship with God.
  2. a) Help you to acquire basic principles of Christian living.
  3. b) Help you to develop a sense of self-respect and respect for others.
  4. c) Help you to develop positive attitudes and values, which help you to cope with challenges of life.
  5. d) Contribute to the moral and spiritual development of students.
  6. e) Help you to contribute positively to the transformation of an individual and the society as whole.
  7. f) Help you to identify answers to situations of life, including death and Eternal life.
  8. g) Help learners to identify answers to life’s questions.
  9. h) Promotes international consciousness.
  10. i) Help you to understand yourself.
  11. j) Promote cultural integration.
  12. k) Enable you to acquire a better understanding of God.
  13. l) Unite people.
  14. m) Guide you in choosing a career
  15. n) Help you to appreciate African religious heritage and other religions.
  16. o) Promote living values such as honesty concern for others, kindness, love and unity.

 

 

THE BIBLE

The Bible is the sacred book containing God’s revelation to people. It is the inspired word of God. It is the book through which God communicates with His people.

The Bible as the word of God

The Bible is the word of God because:

  1. a) The written scripture contain God’s word.
  2. b) Through the Bible God communicates his will to humans.
  3. c) It contains word written by inspired authors such as the prophets who were sent by God.
  4. d) God himself took part in the writing of the Bible. E.g. God is believed to have written the Ten Commandments
  5. e) It contains the history of salvation realized through Jesus Christ.
  6. f) The Word gives revelation to mysteries.
  7. g) The Bible contains a message of hope and reconciliation.
  8. h) It reveals that God controlled what was being written and what He inte-nded the writers to pass to the people.

The Bible as a library

The Bible is referred to as a library since it is a collection of inspired scri-ptures or books. The Bible contains 66 books. The Bible is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament contains 39 books while the New Testament contains 27 books. However, the Ro-man Catholic Church accepts 7 additional books referred to as Apocrypha or Deutero or canonical books. The word Apocrypha means hidden or secret. They are Esdras (1, 2), Tobit, Judith, Ecclesiaticus, Baarch and

Maccabees.

 

Why the Bible is a library

Several studies show that:

  1. a) The Bible contains (66) book just like a library has many books. The Bible is a collection of books arranged in series.
  2. b) The Bible is a reference book for Christians. The authors of the Bible had a special spiritual guidance; hence each book was written for a pur-pose.
  3. c) The books were written at different times in history.
  4. d) The Bible has literary works.
  5. e) The Books written contain different topics.
  6. f) The Bible has different books written by different authors.
  7. g) The books of the Bible were written under different situations and cir-cumstances.

 

THE BIBLE: MAJOR DIVISIONS AND ITS BOOKS

Major divisions of the Bible

The bible is divided into two major divisions. These are the Old Testame-nt with (39 Books) and the New Testament with (27 Books). The word Testament means covenant or agreement with God.

The Old Testament books are divided into:

  1. Books of the law or the Pentateuch or Torah.
  2. Historical books.
  3. Poetic Books
  4. Prophetic books.

Law books or the Pentateuch or Torah

The books of law are (i) Genesis (ii) Exodus (iii) Leviticus (iv) Numbers (v) Deuteronomy.

Moses wrote these books. They contain the law of God as it was given to the people of Israel through Moses. They also contain the history of the Israelites from creation to the time they entered the Promised Land. The author Moses is regarded as a lawgiver, teacher and prophet.

Historical books

There are the 12 consecutive books from (i) Joshua (ii) Judges (iii) Ruth (iv) 1, 2 Samuel (v) 1, 2 Kings (vi)1, 2 Chronicles (vii) Ezra (viii) Nehemiah (ix) Esther. These 12 books record the history of the Israelites.

They also contain information about the life and achievements of some prophets, for example, the life history of Elisha and Elijah.

Exercise 1 – Go through the 12 books and check page by page the names of other prophets.

Poetic Books

The books are poetic in nature. The poetic books contain wise sayings, songs, and prayers. The poetic books are (1) Psalms which was written by David (ii) Proverbs (iii) Ecclesiastes (iv) Song of Solomon written by Solomon and (v) Job.

Prophetic books

These are divided into major and minor prophets. A prophet is a messe-nger of God, or God’s spokesperson. A prophet is a mouthpiece of God. Prophets pass information and messages from God to the people. They are messengers from God. Their messages from God concern the future.

Five Major Prophetic Books

  1. The major prophetic books are by (i) Isaiah (ii) Jeremiah (iii) Lamentations (iv) Ezekiel and (v) Daniel. The books are named after the prophets who prophesied and probably wrote them. Jeremiah wrote lamentations. These prophets are called Major Prophets because they cover a longer period of time. Their prophe-cies are long, and they prophesied over a long period of time.
  2. Minor Prophets. There are 12 books of (1) Hosea (2 Joel (3) Amos (4) Obadiah (5) Jonah (6) Micah (7) Nahum (8) Habakkuk (9) Zephaniah (10) Haggai (11) Zechariah and (12) Malachi. These books are by Minor Prophets who are said to have prophesied over a shorter period of time if you compare them with the Major Prophets.

New Testament books are:

  1. Biographical books or Gospels.
  2. Historical books (Acts of the Apostles).
  3. The Epistles.
  4. Apocalyptic or Prophetic book
  5. a) Biographical book or Gospels

Gospel means Good News. The disciples of Jesus wrote the biographical books. They contain information about the birth, life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The biographical books are four. (i) Mathew – Written by Mathew (ii) Mark – Written by Mark (iii) Luke – Written by Luke, the doctor and (iv) John – written by John (the beloved disciple of Jesus Christ)

  1. b) Historical books

There is one historical book, which is the Acts of the Apostles. Luke, the writer of the St. Luke’s Gospel, wrote it. The book of Acts tells us the history of the early church.

  1. c) The Epistles

There are two Epistles: Pauline Epistles and General Epistles. Pauline Epistles are letters written by Paul. They are 13 letters that Paul wrote to (1) Romans (2,3) 1, 2 Corinthians (4) Galatians (5) Ephesians (6) Philip-pines (7) Colossians (8, 9) 1, 2 Thessalonians (10, 11) 1, 2 Timothy (12) Titus and (13) Philemon.

General Epistles are letters written to the church by other people. The letters are 8 in number. They (1) Hebrews (2) James (3,4) 1, 2 Peter (5,6,7) 1, 2, 3, John and (8) Jude

  1. d) Apocalyptic or Prophetic book

This is the book of Revelation. It is the last book in the New Testament. It is different from other books. This is because it is prophetic of things to come. It is about the future. It was written by John the beloved disciple of Jesus Christ.

 

MAJOR BIBLE TRANSLATIONS FROM THE ORIGINAL LAN-GUAGES TO LOCAL LANGUAGES

These books of the Bible are accepted as the Canon of the Bible. The term Canon means Standard or guidance or rule. Translation means expression of books by words and pictures, poems and songs from one language to another. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the langua-ge of the Israelites. Then between 250 – 100 BC, it was translated to the Greek language. The Greek translation of the Bible was known as Septua-gint. This term refers to 70 translators. The Jews in dispersion or Diaspora used this translation. These were the Jews living outside Palestine.

Between 386 – 420 A.D. Jerome, a great Christian Scholar, translated the entire bible from Greek into Latin, the language of the Romans. This tran-slation was called Vulgate. Christians used the Latin translation of the Bible up to the 16th century. During the reformation in the 16th Century, Christians were encouraged to use their own native languages in worship. From that time, the Bible was translated into English and German. As Christianity spread to different parts of the world, there was the need for

translations of the Holy Bible into various languages. In 1804, the British formed the Foreign Bible Society, which translated the Bible into many languages.

Johann Ludwig Krapf translated the New Testament into Kiswahili. This was the first Bible translation in East Africa. Since that time, the Bible Society of Kenya has translated the Bible into other languages such

as Kikuyu in 1951, Kikamba in 1956, Kimeru in 1964, Kalenjin in 1968, and Luhya in 1974. By 1980 the Bible had been translated into 29 Kenyan languages. To date (2010) the Bible has been translated into 42 languages of Kenya.

Translation and versions used in Kenya today

Besides bible translation into several languages, there are many English translation versions, which are commonly used in Kenya. These are (i) King James Version (ii) Jerusalem Bible (iii) New International

version (iv) English Bible (v) The Authorized Version (vi) Good News (vii) Revised Standard Version (viii) New King James Version (ix) Amplified Bible (x) The living Bible (xi) The African Bible (xii) Common Bible (xiii) Today’s English Bible (xiv) American version among others.

Writing of the Bible

By 2010, the Bible Society of Kenya had translated the Bible into 42 Kenyan languages. The need to read the Bible led to writing of Bible reading materials to teach literacy in local languages. Those who wrote

the Bible used different styles, and figures of speech to make their message vivid and clear. Several literary forms were used in the writing of the Bible.

These are:

  1. Poetry in Psalms

Activity

  1. a) Read Psalms and notice the poetry used by David when he wrote psalms
  2. b) Read Job. Notice the rhythm of the words
  3. c) Turn to your English textbook – the Integrated English. Read topic 4 on sound and pattern in poetry.
  4. d) Read any Psalm and any verse from Job. What do you notice?

Other literary forms that are used in the Bible are:

  1. i) Prose in Leviticus, which is a Legislative text
  2. ii) Wise sayings in Proverbs

iii) Prophetic speeches by Jeremiah

  1. iv) Prayers by Nehemiah
  2. v) Love Songs, for example, the Songs of Solomon
  3. vi) Letters. Here see Pauline Epistles (Romans)

vii) Gospels, for example, Mark’s Gospel

viii) Religious events, for example, Exodus

  1. ix) Narratives, for example, Genesis
  2. x) Philosophical essays, for example, the book of Job. Here note the use of metaphors and similes in philosophical essays.

The effects of Bible translations on African languages

Bible translations:

  1. i) Increased and deepened African faith in God.
  2. ii) Led to increased literacy. After Africans acquired literacy skills, they read the Bible and improved their literacy skills. Christian missionaries established schools in order to teach literacy that helped African to read the Bible.
  3. ii) Made it easy for missionaries to spread the gospel to the African communities.

iii) Increased the demand for the Bible. This led to writing of Books and setting up of printing presses in African countries.

  1. iv) Made it easy for the expansion of the church i.e. more people became Christians.
  2. v) Led to the emergence of independent churches and schools.
  3. vi) The missionaries and colonialists learnt the African languages.

vii) The African converts realized that the missionaries were unfair to them. There was for example a different treatment of African by White missionaries. This was inequality of races, which was and is even now against Christian teachings.

viii) Helped Africans to re-discover their cultural identity. For example the use of African instruments, dressings, and practice of polygamy, which David and other kings in the Old Testament did.

  1. ix) Led to the writings and spread of African languages. The missionaries learnt local languages.
  2. x) Improved communications between missionaries and the local people because they could understand each other.
  3. xi) Increased printing of reading materials

The effects of Bible translations on Africans communities

After the first Bible translations, there were immediate effects or influences on some communities. For example, some community leaders did not agree with the Christian teachings. Some wanted to retain aspects of their African religion. As a result, some communities who disagreed with Bible translations established their own Christian denominations in order to preach the Bible, as they understood it. This was the emergence of independent churches. Some African communities built independent schools where their children could learn how to read and write without being forced to practice all the Christian teachings.

Review questions

1) What is the importance of reading the Bible?

2) How is the Bible used in society today?

3) How does the Kenya Government use the Bible today?

4) Name the major divisions of the Bible in both the New Testament and the Old Testament

5) What are the effects of Bible translation on African languages?

6) Why is the Bible referred to as (a) a Library and (b) the Word of God

7) What is the meaning of the term inspiration?

Study activities

  1. Read the Bible quotations given above.
  2. Carry out role plays e.g. the sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham.
  3. Visit old people in your community and ask them about African religious traditional practices.

 

CREATION AND THE FALL OF MAN (GENESIS 1-3, 6-9, 11)

INTRODUCTION

In this topic, you shall learn about creation and the fall of man. This information is in Genesis.

BIBLICAL ACCOUNTS OF CREATION AND THEIR MEANINGS

The book of Genesis begins with two creation stories. The first creation story is in Genesis chapter one. The second creation story is in Genesis chapter two.

The two creation stories

The first creation story is in Genesis chapter one. The second creation story is in Genesis chapter two. This story is like a song or poem. It’s written, “Let there be…” and “God saw that it was good … to separate,” and “there was evening and morning on …” Each creation is taken as a day. The creation took place in the following order. It is orderly:

1st day – God created day and night (Light and darkness)

2nd day – The Heavens (sky)

3rd day – The Earth, Water / Sea, Vegetation (Plants, trees, grass)

4th day – Sun, Moon and Stars

5thday – Birds, Sea Creatures

6th day – Animals, Livestock, Man was the last creation (human beings)

7th day – God rested and blessed the 7th day and made it holy.

In this creation story, we see God creating things in an orderly manner, day after day until the 6th day. It was last in the first account.

God created man from dust and breathed into his nostrils before anything else is mentioned. God then put man in the Garden of Eden, which He had made for him so that man could till and keep it. The garden was planted eastward in Eden. Out of the ground, God made every tree to grow. In the middle of the garden, there was the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Man was given the responsibility of tilling and conserving the garden. Man was commanded to eat of every tree in the garden except the tree of

knowledge of good and evil. A river flowed from the garden and then it separated into four tributaries. God saw that man should not be alone hence He made him a helper/mate; a woman from one of the man’s ribs. Man was also given the responsibility of naming all the animals in the garden. There is mention of God resting after work

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Differences between the two creation stories

FIRST ACCOUNT

 

SECOND ACCOUNT

 

Mentions what was created on which day. Each creation takes a day.

-This story is like a song or a poem. It’s written, “Let there be…” and “God saw that it was good … to separate”, and “there was evening and morning…”

-It is orderly.

 

-Mentions what was created on which day.

-Rivers and garden are not me-ntioned.

-Man and woman were created together.

-No mention of the knowledge.

-Marriage is for procreation.

-Sun, moon, stars, sky are mentioned

-God rested on the seventh day hence the Sabbath day

-doesn’t mention the daily activities of GOD

 

-The story is in prose. For example “… and God said … and it was evening…”

 

 

 

-Not orderly was last in the first account

-Doesn’t’ mention what was created on which day

-Mentions rivers, and garden for tilling

-Woman was created from ribs of man

-Mention of the knowledge

-Marriage is for companionship

-Sun, moon, stars, sky are not mentioned

-Mention of resting after work but Sabbath day is not mentioned

   

Similarities between the two accounts of creation

In both creation accounts:

  1. a) Men and women are created by God and are given special references. Man and woman are special to God.
  2. b) God rested after creation.
  3. c) God provided the source of food.
  4. d) God is portrayed as the sole creator of the universe and everything in it.
  5. e) Man is given the responsibility of controlling animals, birds and plants that God created

Activity

Find out the differences between the two creation stories and write them down. Now compare them with my answer.

 

ATTRIBUTES OF GOD FROM THE BIBLICAL CREATION ACCOUNTS

The creation stories tell us that God is:

(i) The sole creator and the only source of life

(ii) Immortal and Eternal

(iii) He is self existent

(iv) God of order

(v) Source of goodness and true happiness

(vi) Holy, merciful and just

(vii) Provider and sustainer of the universe and all that is in it

(viii) All knowing (Omniscient)

(ix) All powerful (Omnipotent)

(x) Everywhere (Omnipresent)

(xi) A personal God.

(xii) He has a mind and a will

(xiii) Moral God. He is interested in the behaviour of man and woman. He commands her/him to do the right things.

TRADITIONAL AFRICAN UNDERSTANDING OF CREATION

Traditional African view of creation is brought out through traditional stories of creation (Myths). The Agikuyu, Akamba, Gusii and other Kenyan communities have stories explaining their origin. These stories

give each community a sense of belonging, and identity. The stories explain the mysteries of life. These stories have common characteristics or teachings.

Thus all African communities believe that God: –

(i) Is the chief architect of the world

(ii) Existed from the very beginning of time.

(iii) Created everything out of nothing.

(iv) Provides for the needs of human beings.

(v) Was disobeyed by human beings who had lived in eternal bliss. This bliss came to an end when human beings disobeyed God.

(vi) The African communities had different names to describe God. God was not known as God but as the Creator of everything that existed on earth and skies. He was Mumbi and “Mungai” to Gikuyu. He was master of the universe. The Kamba called Him …Ngai wa Matu. They believed that God continues to create through human beings.

Examples of African creation stories

  1. The Kamba believed that God created man and woman then tossed them to the earth.
  2. The Bukusu say that God the creator (Were Khakaba) created the world alone.
  3. First God created heaven then created two assistants, Mukhaba and Murumwa. Were the God made the sun, moon, stars, a big red cock which crows whenever it thunders, the rains, the rainbow, mountains, rivers, lakes, streams and all the other things on earth.
  4. Created a woman for the man.
  5. Created plants, animals, birds and other creatures.
  6. Creation work took six days. On the seventh day Were rested.

Activity

Ask your parents about your community creation story.

 

THE TEACHINGS FROM THE BIBLICAL CREATION ACCOUNTS

  1. God is responsible for all creation. He is the sole creator. God’s creation was good. Everything He created God said it was good. It was without flaws and mistakes. God is the provider. God created everything that man needs. He also created food for all animals and other creatures. God is orderly.
  2. Man has a special place in God’s creation. Man was made as the keeper of God creation. Man is a co-creator and keeper of God’s creation since he was made in the image and likeness of God. Man was comma-nded to work.

III. A woman was made from the man’s flesh. She joins man in marriage and they become one flesh. God ordains marriage. Human beings were created to socialize.

  1. Sin is a result of man and woman disobedience of God.

Responsibilities given to human beings by God in the Genesis stories of creation

After creating man and then woman, God asked man to:

  1. Reproduce and multiply.
  2. Rule over the rest of His creations.
  3. Be in charge of the fish, birds, and all the animals.
  4. Cultivate the garden and guard it.
  5. Eat from the fruits of the garden except from the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
  6. Name the animals.
  7. Subdue the earth
  8. Transform the creation that God has provided human beings with
  9. Use creation – forests, rivers, mountains with responsibility and respect.
  10. Be a steward of God’s creation
  11. Engineer God’s creation by creating things from the creation
  12. Dominate the earth

Group work

Work in twos or threes and answer these questions.

  1. How does man fulfill the command to subdue and fill the earth?
  2. How is man a co – creator with God?

 

BIBLICAL TEACHING: THE FALL OF MAN, ORIGIN OF SIN AND THE CONSEQUENCES

Introduction

Man and woman fell from the Garden of Eden. This experience is expla-ined in genesis chapter 3 verse 4; chapter 6 verse 9 and chapter 11. In these verses, the Bible is teaching about sin, which made Adam and

Eve fall.

Sin is defined as iniquity, and guilt. It is to miss a mark, to transgress. Sin is a rebellion or an offence against God. Sin originated with the disobedience of Adam and Eve. They had been commanded not to eat of the fruits of the tree of knowledge of good and evil – the tree in the middle of the Garden of Eden. But Adam and Eve ate the fruit after being deceived by the serpent.

Man had the power to resist temptation but instead he yielded. Genesis Chapter 3 verse 6 states that man wanted to be wise and thought how wonderful it would be to become wise…” hence sin arises from the lack of knowledge of God, from the denial of trust of God.

The consequences of sin

After sinning, we the human race and sinners:

1) Replaced friendship with God with fear of God.

2) Lost innocence. What had been innocent and good became shameful. Adam and Eve became ashamed of their nakedness, something they had never felt before they sinned against God.

3) Lost good relationship with God. The good relationship between God and man was betrayed. Human beings – were alienated from God. “The Lord God sent him out of the Garden of Eden…”

4) Damaged the perfect relationship between man and woman. The Lord said to the woman “You will have desire for your husband, yet you will be subject to him”.

5) Pain became part of human experience. “I will greatly multiply your pain in child bearing”.

6) Man began toiling and struggling to meet his needs… “You will have to work hard and sweat to make the soil produce anything”

7) The home of man, and the earth itself was placed under a curse. “Cursed is the ground because of you.”

Enmity between man and wild animals emerged.

9) Man began to die. Death sentence is passed upon all men. “You will return to the ground… you are dust”

10) Man began to hate. Man developed murderous feelings in his heart, for example Cain killed Abel, his younger brother.

11) Man changed and became prone to sin.

12) Life span of man was reduced (see Gen. 6:3) “I will not allow people to live forever, they will live no longer than 120 years”

13) Man’s language was confused by God after the flood (read Gen.11: 7)

14) Sin led to embarrassment, mistrust, suffering, pain, pride, arrogance and death.

Summary

Disobedience of God by Adam and Eve brought serious sin consequences to human beings. Sin brings sadness and suffering to man even today.

Activity

In groups of two or three, discuss the origin and consequences of sin.

 

CONCEPT OF EVIL

Introduction

In this lesson, we shall discuss the concept of evil as told by the traditi-onal African religion and the biblical writings. We shall study similarities and differences of evil from the two religions.

What is evil?

In the traditional African society, evil was an offence against God, spirits and ancestors. It was also viewed as an offence against another person or community. Evil was also a misfortune that can befall an individual or a community.

What are the causes of evil?

Many of the traditional African societies do not associate God with evil. God is not the creator of evil. Some communities believe that evil is an external power that exists on its own. Thus in the traditional African society, evil was understood or explained as something mysterious that was caused by several people and things. These were:

  1. a) Evil spirits
  2. b) Ancestral spirits – due to disobedience to them
  3. c) Some animals like the chameleon are sources of evil. The Akamba believed that chameleons brought evil. Other communities believed that if an owl cries near one’s homestead, it is a sign of evil.
  4. d) People with mystical powers for example magic, sorcery, and witchcraft are evils
  5. e) If a member of a community breaks a taboo by disobedience, this action may bring evil spirits.
  6. f) The spirits of the dead; cause evil; if they are not remembered or respected. Evil spirits cause harm and violence.

Consequences of evil in traditional African society

These were many and ranged from (a) Barrenness (b) Drought (c) Epidemics (d) Madness (e) Sickness (f) Death (g) Drowning (h) Burning in a house (i) War (j) Physically and mentally handicapped children (l) Rebellious children

 

GOD’S PLAN OF SALVATION

After the fall of man, God took steps to heal the damaged situation and relationship between Him and Adam and Eve.

GOD:

  1. Provided clothing of skin to Adam and Eve.
  2. Looked for Adam and Eve since they were hiding from His presence.
  3. Provided Adam and Eve with the knowledge to find different foods.
  4. Declared enmity between man and the snake.
  5. Hinted at the ultimate victory of man when He said that the seed of the woman would crush the snake or serpent’s head. The serpent would attack the heel of man and woman.

All through the Old Testament, and the New Testament, we see God’s plan of salvation being manifested. For instance, GOD chose and separated Abraham from other communities. The children of

Israel led by Moses (were delivered) from Egypt,. God sent prophets to teach and warn the Israelites of the dangers of sin. Finally God sent his only son Jesus Christ to die on the cross to save human kind.

 

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN VIEW OF EVIL AND BIBLICAL CONCEPT OF SIN

Similarities

Both the Biblical and traditional African view or agree that

1) God is supreme. God is neither the creator nor author of evil

2) Sin comes from the disobedience of God by human beings

3) Evil and misfortune are God’s curse to man (Biblical) while the traditional African society sees evil as curses by ancestors, and elders. Both curses lead to misfortunes.

4) The result of sin and evil is human sufferings

5) Sin and evil lead to man being separated from God

6) God is the guardian of law and order

7) Human beings have the ability to overcome evil

Differences

1) Biblical account emphasizes personal nature of sin while in the African concept; sin is more social and communal

2) Biblical account attributes evil to disobedience while African concept attributes evil not only to disobediences but other external forces.

3) Biblical accounts offer a message of hope to overcome evil while African concept doesn’t offer a solution to sin and evil.

4) Traditional African concept all forms of suffering as a result of sin while in the Bible suffering is not always a result of sin.

Review questions

1) Explain the differences between the two creation stories

2) State the traditional African view of creation

3) Explain how human beings continue with the work of creation

4) What is the origin of sin and evil according to traditional African society?

5) Give three consequences of sin as stated in Genesis

6) State the consequences of evil according to African traditional societies

7) Trace God’s plan of salvation of human kind

Compare biblical and traditional African understanding of evil and sin.

9) What does the command “Subdue the earth” in Genesis 1 verse 28 mean?

 

FAITH AND GOD PROMISES TO ABRAHAM

BACKGROUND TO THE CALL OF ABRAHAM (Genesis 11:24-32, 12)

Introduction

The background to the call of Abraham is found in the first book of the bible. This is Genesis which is a Greek word meaning “Beginning”. The relationship between Adam and God was good but after Adam disobeyed GOD, their relationship changed because of sin by Eve and Adam. After sometime, God repaired this relationship by calling Abraham and offering salvation.

Background

-Abraham lived with his father Terah at a place called Ur. Abraham’s father lived among people who worshiped many gods. One of the god’s whom people of Ur worshipped was the moon. This worship of many gods is referred to as polytheism.

-The family of Terah moved from Ur to Haran. While at Haran, God called Abraham at 75 years old. He was told to…. “Leave your country, your relatives and your father’s home and go to a land that I am going to show you”. Abraham obeyed God’s call. He left Haran for a land that was unknown to him. He took his property his wife Sarah and his nephew lot. At the time of the call of Abraham, he was known as Abram and his wife Sarai. God changed their names to Abraham and Sarah. Abraham means Father of many nations while Sarah means mother of nations.

-On arrival in Canaan, he travelled and came to a place called Schechem. God appeared to him once more. Abraham built an altar for the lord at this place. Altars are places of worship. They were regarded as holy and were manifestations of God’s presence. An altar was made of stones.

-After sometime, he separated with his nephew Lot due to their servants having strife over water for their livestock. Abraham left Canaan due to feminine. He went to Egypt.

Activity

  1. Where did Lot settle?
  2. Read GENESIS, chapter 11 (24 – 32) and chapter 12 (1 – 9)

 

FAITH AND GOD’S PROMISES TO ABRAHAM (HEBREWS 11: 1 – 6)

  1. THE MEANING OF FAITH

-Faith is a strong belief, a complete trust or confidence in someone or something. It is also a firm belief, which is not based on any scientific or logical proof. Faith in God is an attitude of complete trust in God.

It is not based on concrete or tangible objects. Faith is manifested in the ways of life of a believer.

-Abraham is an example of someone who had faith in God. He showed his faith in action in several ways.

  1. HOW ABRAHAM DEMONSTRATED HIS FAITH IN GOD
  2. Although Abraham was old, he left Haran to go to a strange unknown land of Canaan.
  3. After he settled in Canaan, Abraham was assured by God of his protection and was given other promises such as he will get a son, and Abraham believed God. Sarah gave birth to a son when she was

90 years old and Abraham was around 120 years old. This was as the lord had promised Abraham.

  1. The son was named Isaac that means “laughter” – because Sarah had laughed when she was told that she would have a child in her old age. The child Isaac was circumcised when he was eight (8) days old.
  2. Abraham was told by God to circumcise all males in his household including himself. He obeyed.
  3. When Abraham was asked to sacrifice his son Isaac to God, he was ready to do so.
  4. Abraham believed that God would fulfill all the promises he had given to him
  5. Abraham demonstrated his faith by building altars
  6. GOD’S PROMISES TO ABRAHAM (GENESIS 12:2-3, 15:1-21, 21, 17:1-8, 17:15-18)

A promise is giving an assurance of something to someone. The promises God gave to Abraham were that:

  1. God told him he would give him a land. His descendants would be given the land of Canaan to dwell in
  2. His name would be made famous
  3. His descendants will be many. Abraham would be made a great nation.
  4. God would protect him
  5. He was promised a son of their own
  6. God would bless him
  7. God would bless those who bless him and curse those who curse him
  8. Abraham was promised that he would die in peace and in an old age
  9. His descendants would be strangers in a foreign land but afterwards would come out with great possessions.
  10. THE RELEVANCE OF THE PROMISES MADE BY GOD TO ABRAHAM TO CHRISTIANS TODAY (Gen. 12: 2 – 3, 15: 1 – 21, 21:1 – 7, 17: 15 – 18)

God called Abraham from idol worship in the same way God continues to call people to serve him.

1) Through Abraham, God had a plan to restore the relationship between man and God

2) Christians receive the promises of blessings from God through Abraham (Gods promises to Abraham fulfilled through Christians)

3) As Abraham left his own people, Christians should leave their sinful lives and put their whole trust in God.

4) Abraham is seen as the descendant not only of the Israelites but also of Christians

5) Christians have faith that God fulfils promises to them as he did to Abraham

6) Christians are assured of God’s protection

7) Through God’s dealing with Abraham, God shows that he values a personal relationship with human kind.

Through Jesus Christ Christians enter into an everlasting covenant with God. Just like Abraham entered into a covenant with God.

9) The promise to Abraham of Canaan Promised Land is to Christians the hope for new land – heaven

10) God continues to make promises to those who believe him

11) Abraham is the ancestor (Father) of all believers)

  1. DEFINE THE TERM COVENANT
  2. Definition.

A covenant is a solemn agreement between two persons or two groups of people. An agreement is between two separated parties. It’s a pact, a treaty. When it is a covenant, it conveys a union or partnership.

  1. Characteristics / components of a covenant

There are components or features that must be in a covenant. A covenant must have a ceremony, sign, witnesses, promises/vows/oaths, obligations / consequences, and participants. A covenant establishes a sacrificial bond between the parties involved. There are obligations or rules by which the parties must abide by, adhere to and observe in order to keep the covenant. A covenant is an agreement and if it is broken, there are consequences for breaking it. In the Bible, there are many covenants.

iii. Examples of covenants in the Bible

  1. Adamic covenant – Agreement between God and Adam
  2. Noahlic Covenant – God’s covenant with Noah where God promised to preserve life of man and not to destroy it with water. The sign of the covenant is the rainbow. In Gen 9 verse 3, GOD told Noah, “Everything that lives and moves will be food for you…Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. Verse 4 says, “But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it”
  3. Abrahamic covenant – Gods covenant with Abraham. He promised to fulfill promises He gave to Abraham. These promises were: (1) Increase numbers of descendant of Abraham. He will be father of many nations, (2) Be GOD of his descendants (3) Abraham will have a son an heir, (4) Given land of Canaan and other lands from the river of Egypt to River Euphrates, and all for heirs of Abraham (Gen. 15: 17 – 18) (5) Circum-cision of all males at 8 days after birth even none Israelites living in their land (6) Covenant with Isaac
  4. Mosaic Covenant – is a covenant between the Israelites and GOD. Moses led Israel to Mt. Sinai. God promised to be their God. Israelites were given the law written by GOD in “tablets of stone, with law and commands I have written for…. instruction”. (Read exodus 23).
  5. Davidic Covenant – covenant between David and God – God promised him that his dynasty would rule forever.
  6. Messianic Covenant – new covenant between Christians and God through Jesus Christ.
  7. God’s covenant with Abraham and its importance (Genesis 15:1-19)

The covenant was established after God appeared to Abraham in a vision. During the visitation of God, Abraham was 100 years old and Sarah 90 years. He was promised a son. Abraham wanted assurance from God. God told him to bring him the following items for sacrifice.

  1. Items for sacrifice

Three (3) years olds: heifer, goat, ram and a dove and a pigeon.

Abraham then cut these animals into two halves and placed them opposite each other.

The birds were not split.

After it was dark, smoking fire and a flaming torch suddenly appeared and passed between the pieces of animals.

Towards evening, Abraham fell into a deep sleep. While he slept the Lord appeared to him and told him that:

His descendants will be strangers in a foreign land and be slaves for 400 years. But they will come out of this land with a lot of wealth and God will punish the nation that will enslave Israelites.

He, Abraham will live up to a ripe age, and die in peace. Then the Lord made a covenant with Abraham and promised to give him and his descendants the land of Canaan. God himself passed through the sacrifi-ces and bound himself to keep the promises.

  1. f) IMPORTANCE OF THE COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND ABRAHAM (GEN. 15: 1- 19)

God bound himself in a personal relationship with a human being

As God passed through the meat, he showed Abraham he would always protect him. This passed on to the descendants of Abraham

This covenant between God and Abraham begins a lasting relationship between God and all the nations of the earth.

Throughout this covenant God was initiating his plan of salvation for human kind

The promises made to Abraham were fulfilled in New Testament blood of the lamb – death of Jesus Christ

It emphasized the importance of faith followed by obedience that Abraham shared.

  1. g) COVENANTS IN MODERN LIFE AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

Modern covenants are (a) Marriage (b) Baptism (c) Oath of loyalty and (d) Ordination of clergy

Marriage ceremony: In marriage, the bride, bridegroom and their fami-lies come together. When the two families come together a relationship is developed. They make an agreement and both sides are seriously involved in the ceremony, whether the marriage is civil or religious. During the marriage ceremony the couple makes vows/promises to each other, before a priest/ pastor and the congregation. Two officials witness these agree-ments. Rings are exchanged as a sign of a lasting relationship. A certifi-cate is given in some cases as a testimony (sign) of this agreement. There is eating and drinking.

Baptism: In a Christian baptism, a covenant is entered into between the believer and God. The believer makes vows before God. The priest and the whole congregation witness this agreement. In some churches, a card is issued to the person who has been baptized as a sign of Christian mem-bership. The baptized can now take the Holy Communion, which is a Christian Ceremony. But when an infant is baptized, parents take the vows on behalf of the child.

Loyalty /oath: Leaders in public service for example the president, ministers, Members of Parliament, and chief officers are sworn in before they take over their new responsibilities. They swear (take an oath) and promise to carry out their duties firmly and without fear or favour.

Ordination of the clergy: Church leaders, nuns and priests take oaths and make vows to God and to the congregation in a ceremony attended by worshippers.

The importance of modern day covenants

  • They bind different groups
  • They act as a security
  • They strengthen relationships
  • They unite people together
  • They create loyalty
  • They create peace, harmony and bring a sense of permanence

 

  1. h) THE TESTING OF ABRAHAM’S FAITH (GEN. 22: 1 – 18)

God tested Abraham’s faith by asking him to go and sacrifice his only son Isaac. This was the son he loved so much. He was to travel to Mount Moniah. On reaching Mt. Moriah, he built an altar, and arranged wood on it. He tied up his son Isaac and placed him on the altar on top of the wood. He lifted a knife to kill him. “But the Angel of the Lord called out to him from heaven. Abraham! Abraham! Do not lay a hand on the boy…Do not do anything to him. Now I know you that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son” (v 11-12). Abraham had obedient reverence for God became he did not keep back his only son from God. God provided a ram for sacrifice. He named the mountain “the Lord provided” God was pleased with Abraham and promised him blessings, many descendants’ victory, and protection.

Activity

Read Genesis 12:1 – 9, 15:1 – 6, 17:23 – 24, 21:1 – 7, 22:1-19

 

 

 

IMPORTANCE OF FAITH IN CHRISTIAN LIFE TODAY

  1. A Christian today is acceptable to God through his faith in God through Jesus Christ. Without faith it is impossible to please God.
  2. A Christian can only serve God if he has faith in him. Faith enables a Christian to serve God
  3. Faith enables a Christian to accomplish what appears to be impossible
  4. Through faith, Christians are able to trust God to fulfill his promises to them
  5. Faith is the foundation of the Christians salvation
  6. Faith in God gives a Christian the power to overcome all temptations.
  7. Christians should expect to have their faith tested just like Abraham was.
  8. Faith enables Christians to patiently wait on God’s promises
  9. Christians through faith in God help the poor, make right decisions and are able to understand and know God better.

 

JEWISH AND AFRICAN PRACTICES OF CIRCUMCISION

  1. IMPORTANCE OF CIRCUMCISION TO ABRAHAM AND HIS DESCENDANTS (GEN. 17: 1 – 16)

The rite of circumcision was started by Abraham and has been practiced by the Jews up to the present times.

In the Old Testament, it was important because:

(i) Through circumcision: God assured Abraham that he would fulfill His promises to him.

(ii) Circumcision was a sign that Abraham and his descendants had entered into a covenant with God. It was an outward sign of inner faith.

(iii) Circumcision was a mark of identity for the Jews

(iv) It was a sign of obedience to God

(v) It was an acceptance of God as the only true God and their willingness to remain faithful to him

 

 

 

In the New Testament

(vi) Circumcision doesn’t qualify one to be a child of God. One is accepted as a Christian without circumcision as long as they have faith in God.

(vii) A true descendant of Abraham is the Christian who truly believes in God and lives according to His will regardless of colour, race or creed.

  1. CIRCUMCISION IN AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

Circumcision is one of the rites of passage among the African people. It marks the transition from one stage to another. Many ethnic communities in Kenya still practice the rite of circumcision. During circumcision ceremonies, prayers are offered to God for the well being of the initiates (those who are being circumcised) and the prosperity of the whole community. Initiates learn secrets of their community and society. They are taught myths, origin, religious beliefs, and sex education. In some

communities, initiates are given new names or ornaments to signify their new status.

  1. JEWISH AND AFRICAN PRACTICES OF CIRCUMCISION

Similarities

In both Jewish and African communities, circumcision: (a) is a mark of identity (b) provided a sense of belonging (c) was observed as a religious experience (d) was compulsory (e) was a tradition passed from one generation to another (f) is a time for shedding blood (g) was a time for offering prayers to God for the well being of the initiates (h) was a time for giving gifts (i) was a ceremony for initiation (j) was a time for giving the initiates names (k) took place in sacred places.

Differences

In Jewish community,

  1. Circumcision was a rite for boys while in African society it was for both boys and girls. But it was for boys in a few communities.
  2. Boys were circumcised when aged 8 days while in the African society; it was between 15 to 25 years old.

iii. Circumcision was for boy’s organ while in African societies several forms of initiation were done, for example, removal of teeth, and body piercing among others.

  1. Circumcision was a command from God while for the African communities it was in obedience to customary law where ancestors were invoked to protect the initiates.

Among the African societies

  1. Circumcision was a rite of passage from childhood to adulthood while for the Jews it was not.
  2. The initiates were given specialized education while the Jews were not.

vii. The initiates were grouped into age groups, and were secluded from the community while among the Jews it was not so.

viii. The rite of circumcision according to seasons while the Jews once a child is born, they are circumcised on the 8th day.

  1. After circumcision, the initiates were allowed to marry, enter a warrior group, own property but for the Jews the initiate was still a child.

Revision questions

1.Explain why Abraham is referred to as the father of faith

  1. Give five actions from the life of Abraham that shows his faith to God
  2. List some of the promises God gave to Abraham
  3. Compare and contrast the Jewish and traditional African practice of circumcision
  4. What is the importance of faith to Christians?
  5. State the elements of a covenant
  6. Give examples of covenants in the bible and the modern society
  7. Discuss the circumstances that led God to enter into a covenant relationship with Abraham.

 

SINAI COVENANT

THE CALL OF MOSES

One day, Moses was looking after or tending the flock of Jethro his father-in-law. Jethro was a priest of Midian. When Moses came to mount Horeb, the mountain of God, the angel of the Lord appeared to him in flames of fire from within a bush. Moses saw that although the bush was on fire, it was not burning.

Moses went over to the burning bush to look. God called him out within the bush… “Moses! Moses!” He replied, “Here I am”. God then told Moses not to come closer and to take off his sandals for the place where he was standing was a holy ground.

God introduced himself as the God of his father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. God then said he had seen the misery and sufferings of the Israelites in Egypt. He had heard their cry. God had come down to rescue Israelites from the hand of Egyptians. God was to take them to their home, the land of the Canaanites, a land flowing with milk and honey.

God told Moses that He was sending him to go to Pharaoh and bring out the Israelites, the people of God, from Egypt. Moses resisted the call. He asked God “Who am I, that is should go to Pharaoh and bring the Israe-lites out of Egypt?” God promised to be with him. God said to Moses… Say to the Israelites… the Lord. The God of their fathers, God of Abraham, God of Isaac and God of Jacob has sent me to you.

Moses was told to assemble the elders of Israel and inform them that God was going to deliver them from Egypt. Moses was then to go to the king of Egypt with the elders. He was to tell the king “the Lord, the God of the Hebrews has met with us. (EXODUS 3:1 – 22)

God’s sign to Moses

Moses was given several signs by God In case the people of Israel did not believe in him.

  1. a) First sign was his staff turning into a snake when he threw it down. When he touched the snake’s tail it turned into his staff
  2. b) Second sign was God asked Moses to put his hand inside his cloak and it was as white as a snow – leprous. He was asked to put it back into his cloak and it was restored.
  3. c) Moses further complained that he was a stammerer. God then appoi-nted Aaron, his brother, as his spokesman.

Reasons Moses gave against the call

  1. He felt unworthy of the call.
  2. He wondered who he was to tell the Israelites that God had sent him
  3. Moses said that he was a stammerer so he let God choose a spokesperson.

Moses however heeded to the call and went back to Egypt together with his family. God promised to be with him and perform signs before Phara-oh.

What does the name Moses mean?

It means drawn out of water.

What did Moses learn about God from his Calling?

Moses learnt that:

  1. God is caring, merciful and concerned about the welfare of his people – Israelites.
  2. God is transcendent – he is beyond human understanding. He cannot be limited to time and space.
  3. God chooses whomever he wills to carry out his plans. He chose Abraham an old man, a moon worshipper and now Moses, a murderer, a fugitive and a stammerer.
  4. God expects total obedience and faith from those that He chooses
  5. God is powerful, eternal and omnipresent
  6. God is holy.
  7. God is a God of history, which means He is concerned with His people’s welfare.
  8. God is mysterious – He manifested Himself in the burning bush that was not being consumed.

How did God prepare Moses to be the future leader of Israelites?

  1. His life was spared when he was rescued by Pharaoh’s daughter
  2. He was nursed by his own mother who taught him about Yahweh and his own true identity
  3. Life in the wilderness hardened him to be bold and to persevere hardships
  4. He learnt to be patient, keen, and responsible as a shepherd
  5. He acquired leadership skills while living at pharaoh’s palace
  6. He learnt literacy and numeracy skills (Educational skills) at the palace.
  7. He was not a stranger to Pharaoh hence he could approach him freely.

 

THE TEN PLAGUES EXODUS 7:14-11:10

During the call of Moses at Mount Sinai, God gave Moses a rod with which he could perform mighty signs before the Israelites and before Pharaoh. Aaron was to be his spokesman. Moses and Aaron gathered the Israelite elders and leaders to tell them what God had said to them. After Moses had performed the miracles that God had showed him; the Israelite leaders believed him.

They then approached Pharaoh so that he may release the Israelites. However instead of releasing the Israelites, Pharaoh became crueler. He gave Israelites harder work.

When Pharaoh refused to release Israelites, God instructed Moses to bring ten plagues upon Egypt.

These plagues brought; great trouble and suffering to Israelites.

Ten plagues

1) The plague of blood (Exodus 7: 14 – 25)

Moses and Aaron used the rod. They struck the waters of the river as God instructed them. All the water in the rivers, canals, and pools in Egypt turned into blood. All the fish died and there was no water to drink. This situation lasted for seven days. However Pharaoh’s heart was hardened. He did not release the Israelites.

2) The plague of frogs (Exodus 8:1 – 15)

God then sent Moses to tell Pharaoh that if he refused to release the Israelites the whole land would be covered with frogs. At the command of Moses, Aaron held out the rod of Moses and frogs covered the whole land. On seeing this, Pharaoh pleaded with Moses and Aaron to pray to the Lord to get rid of the frogs and he would release them. They prayed and all the frogs died. Pharaoh, however, changed his mind and refused to release the Israelites.

3) Plague of gnats (Exodus 8:16 – 19)

The lord instructed Moses to tell Aaron to strike the ground and Aaron did so and all the dust in Egypt turned into gnats or small flies that bites. The magicians of Egypt could perform the first two plagues.

They could not bring the plague of gnats. Egyptians acknowledged that the presence of gnats or small flies that bites was God’s work. But even with this information, Pharaoh still refused to release the Israelites.

4) Plague of flies (Exodus 8:20 – 32)

The Lord warned Pharaoh through Moses once more. He was told that God would send swarms of flies to the Egyptian houses. The Israelites houses would be spared. Even after bringing the plague of flies, Pharaoh’s heart hardened even more

5) Death of cattle (Exodus 8:1 – 7)

A plague of disease befell the Egyptian cattle. Not a single Israelites’ animal died. Pharaoh was not moved; and he refused to let Jews go home.

6) Plague of boils (Exodus 9:8 – 12)

Moses threw ashes into the air as God had instructed. This produced boils, which became open sores on the skin of the Egyptians. Unmoved by the suffering of his people, Pharaoh still refused to let the Israelites leave.

7) Plague of hail (Exodus 9:13 – 35)

Moses raised his rod and there was a hailstorm with lighting and thunder. The people, animals and plants that were struck by the lightning died. Pharaoh then promised to let the Israelites go but as soon as Moses prayed for the hailstorm to stop, pharaoh hardened his heart and refused to let the Israelites leave.

8)  Plague of Locusts (Exodus 19:1 – 20)

Locusts covered the whole land and ate all the crops in the fields. The locusts ate all that had not been destroyed by the hailstorm. When Moses prayed to God, for locusts to leave; Pharaoh hardened his heart and refu-sed to let the Israelites leave.

9) Plague of darkness (Exodus 10: 21 – 29)

God then instructed Moses to stretch out his hand to heaven. There was total darkness in Egypt for three days. But there was light where the Israe-lites they were living. Pharaoh remained unmoved and would not release the Israelites out of Egypt.

10) Death of Egyptian first-born males (Exodus 11: 1 – 31).

After the plague of darkness, God sent Moses once more to Pharaoh. He was told that this time even his family would be affected. The Lord would kill all the first-born Egyptian sons and first-born male animals at mid-night. This plague occurred during the night of Passover. Pharaoh was moved and allowed Israelites to leave Egypt.

What do the plagues tell us about God’s attributes?

GOD:

  1. Empowers His people to perform miracles and to do His work
  2. Is Almighty and more powerful than the Egyptian gods.
  3. Is determined to fulfil His plans.
  4. Is a God of justice. He protects the oppressed.
  5. Gives everyone a chance to repent. Notice that each time Pharaoh promised to release the Israelites; God relieved the Egyptians from the plagues.
  6. Fulfils His promises – He had promised Abraham to deliver his descen-dants from foreign lands.
  7. Expects total obedience and faith.
  8. Communicates His will through natural events.
  9. Is caring and loving.

 

PASSOVER (EXODUS 12:1-30, 19, 20, 34)

The tenth plague is called the Passover. It happened on the fourteenth day of the month. The Israelites were to offer one-year-old lamb per family. If a family was too small, they were to share the lamb with their neighbours. If a lamb was not available, a one-year-old goat could also be used. They were told to:

  1. Slaughter the lamb/goat; smear some of the blood on the sides and tops of the door- frames of their houses.
  2. Roast the meat and eat it with bitter herbs and unleavened bread (bread without yeast). If there were any leftovers they were to burn them with fire.
  3. Eat in a hurry while fully dressed and having packed their belongings. They were told to borrow silver, clothings, jewellery, and gold from the Egyptians.
  4. That on the same night, the ‘angel of death’ would kill every first born both males and animals in the houses without blood.
  5. The angel of death would pass over the houses with blood sparing them. The blood was a sign to indicate this is a house of Israelites. When the Lord sees the blood, He will pass over that house (V.13)
  6. The Israelites were told to celebrate / commemorate from generation to generation the Passover as a festival to the Lord.
  7. The Israelites were not allowed to come out of their houses on the night of Passover.
  8. At midnight, the Lord struck down all firstborn in Egypt from Phara-oh’s household to the firstborn of the prisoners and firstborn of livestock.
  9. There was loud wailing over Egypt. Every house had someone dead.

Significance of items used during the Passover

1) Roasted Meat – this is the easiest method of preparing food since the Israelites were to leave in a short time.

2) Bitter herbs – was a reminder of the suffering and hardships and slavery experienced in Egypt.

3) Eating while standing. Deliverance was near, hence the need to leave in a hurry.

4) Eating while fully dressed with their stuff at hand. This signified a quick deliverance; hence Israelites should be ready to leave Egypt at once.

5) Eating unleavened bread – the bread was to be eaten and none left over hence there was no need to add yeast for preservation.

6) Collecting Jewellery – God had promised Abraham that after slavery for four hundred and thirty years, his descendants shall be freed with great possessions.

7) Remaining indoors – for security from death. Anyone outside was killed.

Blood on doorposts – a sign for deliverance. The angel of death would pass over doors with blood.

 

THE EXODUS

Introduction

Exodus means movement of a large number of people.

Crossing the Red Sea

During the night of the Passover, Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and told them to leave, to go and worship their Lord. All the Israelites, their flocks and herds were urged to leave in a hurry. Pharaoh took his chariot army and followed the Israelites and found them camped by the Red Sea.

God led the Israelites over the desert towards the Red Sea. Moses took the body (bones) of Joseph, as Joseph had requested the Israelites to do. “When God rescues you, you must carry my body with you from this place” (Ex 13 vs. 19)

During the day the Lord went in front of them in a pillar of cloud (angel of God) to show them the way, and during the night the lord went in front in a pillar of fire to give them light, so that they could travel night and day. This pillar of cloud led the Israelites by day and night.

The Egyptian army followed Israelites and caught up with them by the Red Sea where they had camped.

Moses asked the scared Israelites to move near the sea.

God told Moses to lift up his stick, and hold it over the sea. The waters of the Red Sea divided and the Israelites crossed the sea on dry ground with walls of water on both sides. The angel of God, and the pillar of cloud (who had been in front of the army of Israel) moved behind the Israelites and provided light to them as they cross.

The Egyptians army pursued Israelites. The pillar of cloud made it dark for Egyptians who could not see where they were going. Just before daylight, the Lord looked at the Egyptians from the pillar of cloud and fire and God threw the army of the Egyptians into confusion. Moses was asked by the Lord to stretch out his hand. He did so and waters returned to its normal level drowning Egyptian army and their horses.

God protected the Israelites during the Exodus by:

1) Making them cross the red sea on dry ground.

2) Providing water in the wilderness.

3) Providing manna and quails.

4) Defeating Amalekites – their enemies.

5) Protecting them from snakes and diseases in the wilderness.

Provision of water in the wilderness

Israelites travelled in the desert for three days without water. The water, which they found at Marah was bitter and could not be drunk. They called the place ‘Marah’ meaning ‘bitter’. This made them complain. Moses prayed to the Lord.

The Lord showed Moses a piece of wood. Moses threw it into the water and it became fit to drink. God continued providing Israelites with water.

Again the Israelites lacked water and complained bitterly (Ex.17:1 – 9). God instructed Moses to strike a rock and water came out of it. Moses called that place ‘Massah’ – which means ‘testing ‘and ‘Meribah’ – meaning ‘rebellion’. This was because the Israelites quarreled and tested God.

Provision of manna and quails (EX 16:1 – 35)

As the Israelites were travelling through the desert, they ran out of food. They were hungry and complained to Moses. Their complaints displeased the Lord for they often told Moses they wished he had let them die in Egypt instead of dying in the wilderness. This showed that the Israelites did not trust God to provide for them.

In the morning, they were given Manna, which is a Hebrew word for the type of bread given to Israelites by God. The bread looked like wafers or flakes and tasted like coriander seed.

In the evening, GOD provided Israelites with quail’s meat. The provision of manna and quails (meat) lasted for 40 years.

On the 6th day of each week, God gave them food for two days one for the 6th day and the other for the 7th day (Sabbath).

 

DEFEAT OF THE AMALEKITES (Exodus 17: 8 – 16)

Challenges faced by the Israelites during the Exodus

During the Exodus, the Israelites faced the challenge of the Amalekites. These were desert Nomads who attacked the Israelites in the wilderness. When the Amalekite army came against Israelites, Moses ordered Joshua to gather men and fight.

God promised to destroy the Amalekites forever. During the battle, Moses held up his rod. And each time he raised his hands with the rod, the Amalekites were defeated. When he brought his hands down, the Israe-lites were defeated. Because of this, Aaron and Hur supported Moses’ hands until the Amalekites were defeated.

In the wilderness God protected the Israelites form snakebites. He also used a cloud to protect the Israelites from the scorching heat during the day. At night, the pillar of fire provided warmth to protect them from the harsh cold of the wilderness.

The importance of the exodus in the history of the Israelites

The exodus showed Israelites that:

1) God loves and tolerates His people.

2) God did not abandon the Israelites despite their lack of faith.

3) God gave the Israelites encouragement through his servant Moses.

4) It was the end of the oppression of Israelites in Egypt.

5) Moses was God’s chosen leader.

 

MAKING THE SINAI COVENANT (EXODUS 19: 24 1 –

The Sinai covenant

God and Israelites. God had specific instructions on how the Israelites were to prepare to make the new covenant. Before making the covenant, God brought Israelites to the foot of Mt. Sinai and asked Moses to ask them if they were willing to make the covenant with HIM. GOD asked them to enter into a personal relationship as a community with HIM. The Israelites agreed to make a covenant. They agreed to obey all God’s com-mands. God then promised to make them;

i His people

  1. A kingdom of priests

iii. A holy nation

God and Moses. God wanted to confirm that Moses was His true pro-phet. He therefore told Moses that He would come in a thick cloud to meet Israelites. In preparation for God’s coming on Mt. Sinai the

Israelites were to:

  1. Make themselves holy by washing their clothes (garments)
  2. Mark the boundaries on the foot of the mountain to prevent any person or animal from climbing the mountain.

III. To abstain from sexual relations

At Mt Sinai, God manifested His presence in the form of thunder, lightening, earthquake and a thick cloud of smoke that covered the whole mountain. In addition, there was a loud trumpet blast that made the people tremble. Moses climbed the mountain. God gave Moses the Ten Comma-ndments after sealing the covenant.

Sealing of the covenant. The Lord told Moses “Come up the mountain to me, you and Aaron, Nadab, Abibu and 70 of Israel leaders. At a distance bow down in worship, and come alone to me.”

A ceremony was then prepared to seal the covenant. This is how it was sealed:

  1. Moses built an altar at the foot of the mountain.
  2. He set up twelve stones, which represented the twelve tribes of Israel.
  3. He then sent young men to burn sacrifices to the Lord and sacrificed some cattle as fellowship offering and peace offerings to God (EX 24 vs. 5).
  4. Moses took half the blood of animals and poured it in bowls; and the other half he threw against the altar (vs. 6). He then took the book of the covenant, and read it aloud to the Israelites who responded by saying “all that the Lord has spoken we will do; and we shall be obedient”
  5. Moses then took the blood in the bowls and sprinkled it over the people; saying “This is the blood that seals the covenant which the Lord made with you when he gave all these commands.”

Theophany. God’s presence manifested itself in several ways such as:

The burning bush (during the call of Moses)

Pillar of fire and a pillar of cloud – Exodus story

The mighty wind, earthquake, still small voice – story of Elijah

Thunder, lighting, smoking mountain – Exodus of Israelites from the wilderness

These were physical manifestations of God’s presence.

 

BREAKING THE SINAI COVENANT (Exodus 32:1 – 35; 34:6 –8)

Israelites dishonored their pledge to obey God upon sealing the covenant; Moses went back to talk to God in the mountain. He left Aaron in charge of Israelites’ affairs. He stayed in the mountain for forty days. The lord revealed His glory to Moses at Mt. Sinai and declared His character. ”The Lord the compassionate and glorious God, slow to anger and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin (Ex 34:6 –

The Israelites urged Aaron to make them gods that they could see. Aaron agreed. He melted the rings of gold and moulded a bull calf god. Israelites were happy and said “this is our god who took us out of Egypt”. They offered burnt offerings and peace offerings to it and indulged themselves in eating, drinking and sex. By accepting a bull calf as their god, the Israelites expected bull calf of gold to give them the same strength and fertility like the Egyptian gods. Through this act, they broke their cove-nant with God.

When Moses came down from the mountain, he found Israelites worship-ing the gold bull calf. He got annoyed. He threw down the stone tablets he was holding; on which the 10 commandments were written. Moses then took the golden calf, and burnt it into powder and mixed it with water. He then made those worshipping the calf to drink the mixture. Moses ordered those who had sinned to be killed.

 

RENEWAL OF THE COVENANT (Exodus 34:1 – 14)

The renewal of the covenant came after Moses pleaded with God not to destroy the Israelites after they broke the covenant. God spared the Israe-lites. God agreed to renew the covenant with the Israelites. He gave them several conditions for its renewal.

Conditions for the renewal of the covenant

The Israelites were:

  1. a) To obey God’s commandments
  2. b) Not to make any treaty with those who lived in the land where they were going.
  3. c) To break down their altar, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah (Idols). Not to worship any other god and not to make idols for worship.
  4. d) To keep the feast of unleavened bread (Passover).
  5. e) Not to marry people from other tribes.
  6. f) To rest on the Sabbath day.
  7. g) To sacrifice and offer their best produce and animals to God.

God in turn promised to:

  1. a) Bless them. Protect and preserve the Israelites.
  2. b) Make them prosper so much that the surrounding nations would enquire about their source of wealth and success.

With these conditions, the covenant between God and the Israelites was renewed. From the making and renewal of the covenant, it is clear that:

(i) God expected the Israelites to obey and have faith in Him

(ii) God wanted a personal relationship with Israelites.

(iii) God is the only one to be worshipped.

(iv) God is powerful.

 

WORSHIPING GOD IN THE WILDERNESS

  1. God’s purpose in delivering the Israelites from Egypt was to worship and offer sacrifices to Him in the wilderness. He also intended to fulfil his promises to Abraham.
  2. Features of worshipping God in the wilderness.

(i) The Israelites: Worshipped God through intermediaries. These were the priests who came from the tribe of Levi.

(ii) The Israelites: Were guided in their worship and in daily living by the Ten Commandments and other ordinances

(iii) The Ark of the Covenant was made in the wilderness. It was God’s dwelling place. It was a special box put into the tabernacle. A tabernacle was a portable tent. The ark symbolized the presence of God and the Isra-elites carried it wherever they went.

(iv) Offerings of farm products or agricultural produce were given to God. These included among other farm products; vegetables, flour, oil and fruits.

(v) Other offerings to God were drinks, and incense. The offerings could be burnt, baked, boiled or roasted.

(vi) There were several Sacrifices. They included:

Burnt offerings (Holocaust) – burning a whole animal completely

Sin offering /atonement – sacrifice offered when one had sinned and wanted to have his sins forgiven.

Peace offering – part of an animal was offered, while the people ate part of the meat.

Gift offering – the best animal was given to God. It was offered as a thanksgiving

Animals such as sheep, goats, bulls and birds were sacrificed to God.

(vii) Festivals and feasts. Israelites observed several festivals and feasts. These included:

Feast of Passover and unleavened bread

Harvest festival – feast of weeks or Pentecost. It marked the celebration of the harvest of wheat.

Feast of gathering / shelters. It was celebrated during the season when the Israelites gathered the fruits from the Orchards.

Feast of tabernacles that was celebrated to remember when the Israelites dwelt in tents.

The Israelites kept the Sabbath day. They worshipped God through singing, worship and dancing.

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS (Exodus. 20: 1 – 17)

  1. The Ten Commandments

While on Mount Sinai, God gave Moses Ten Commandments written on a stone tablet. The first four commandments deal with relationship between man and God. God said:

  1. You shall have no other gods but me.
  2. You shall not make yourself a graven image.
  3. You shall not mention Gods’ name in vain.
  4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy.

The last six commandments give man’s relationship with fellow human beings. God said:

  1. Honor you father and mother that your days may be long on earth.
  2. You shall not kill.
  3. You shall not commit adultery.
  4. You shall not steal.
  5. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.
  6. You shall not covet your neighbor’s property.

These are my thoughts. (1) Worshipping God (2) Being faithful to God (3) Resting (4) respecting parental authority (5) love humanity (6) Be faithful to your wife or husband (7) respect other people’s property

(8) Be truthful always (9) be satisfied with what God has given you.

  1. Israelites understand the nature of god

The Israelites had a new and wider revelation about God. Besides GOD being a caring, loving, and a provider, they learnt that:

  1. God is a jealous God. He does not allow the worship of others gods. He alone should be worshipped.
  2. God does not condone evil. He punishes those who cause/engage in it.
  3. God values a personal relationship with his people.
  4. God wants people to live in harmony among them.
  5. God forgives those who repent. He is loving, merciful and compassionate
  6. God is a healer – he healed Israelites in the wilderness when a snake attacked them
  7. God is a God of victory. He defeated the Amalekites, perizzites, and Hittites etc.
  8. God is faithful and can be depended upon.
  9. God is holy, slow to anger, powerful and just.
  10. God demands obedience to His commands.

Revision questions

  1. What are the qualities of Moses as a leader?

b (i). Describe the call of Moses (exodus 3:1-22)

(ii). Why was Moses hesitant to God’s call?

c (i). What is the significance of the items used for the Passover feast (similar to what is the meaning of the Passover meal)

(ii). Compare the Lord’s Supper to the Passover feast

  1. Describe how the Sinai covenant was made
  2. Describe the circumstances that lead to the breaking of the Sinai covenant
  3. How was the broken covenant renewed?
  4. Describe how the Israelites worshipped God in the wilderness
  5. What is the relevance of the Ten Commandments?
  6. What did the Israelites learn about god in the wilderness?

 

LEADERSHIP IN ISRAEL: DAVID AND SOLOMON

REASONS FOR AND AGAINST KINGSHIP IN ISRAEL

Introduction

Yahweh remained the God of Israel and the sovereign ruler of his people.

Leadership refers to the manner in which a community’s way of life is ruled or controlled. When Israelites settled in Canaan, Judges ruled them for the first 200 years. Some of the judges were (i) Othniel (ii) Ehud (iii) Samson (iv) Deborah (v) Gideon (vi) Shamgar (vii) Samuel (viii). Barak

Duties of judges

  1. Leading Israelites to war against their enemies
  2. Settling disputes among the people
  3. Acting as religious leaders and leading Israelites in worship –
  4. Offering sacrifices on behalf of the people.
  5. Some of the judges acted as God’s prophets
  6. They anointed kings, for example Samuel anointed King David.

Demands for a King in Israel

After Israelites settled in Canaan, the Promised Land, they started demanding for an earthly king to rule over them. These demands for a king rulers were brought about by:

  1. Samuel’s sons Joel and Abijah were corrupt and took bribes. The sons of Samuel, who were judges, lacked his good leadership qualities.
  2. The Israelites wanted a warrior king who could lead them to war against their enemies.

iii. The Israelites wanted to be like the other nations around them who had kings.

  1. The Israelites wanted a human leader whom they could see, approach, and talk to him face to face.
  2. The Israelites wanted security, which could be provided by a stable political government ruled by law and order.
  3. They wanted a government that had a regular army,

vii. They also wanted an established law court system.

Reasons against Kingship in Israel (Samuel 8:10 – 20)

By demanding for a king, the Israelites were seen as rejecting Yahweh – their unseen ruler. Two, there would be danger of hereditary kingship which would lead to oppression / dictatorship. God told Samuel to give Israelites strict warnings against Kingship by explaining how the king would treat them. A king would: –

(a) Recruit Israelites sons forcefully into the army.

(b) Grab peoples land.

(c) Force people to pay taxes to the government

(d) Turn people into slaves.

(e) Introduce forced labour.

(f) Force their daughters to work for his wives, sons, and for the royal house in general.

The people of Israel were distinct from other nations. Asking for a king meant rejecting God as their unseen king. Further to this, Israel could become like other nations, which did not worship Yahweh.

Then the covenant with God and the people of Israel would cease.

 

ACHIEVEMENTS AND FAILURES OF KING SAUL (Israel 13:8 – 14; 15:7 – 25)

Samuel was directed by God to choose and anoint Saul as the king of Israel. Saul was from the tribe of Benjamin. He became the first human king of the nation of Israel. He accomplished several things.

Successes of King Saul

1) He was anointed by God; as king to rule the Israelites

2) He was chosen even though it was not God’s idea for a king over his people.

3) He was a great warrior. He led the Israelites to war and defeated their enemies

Failures of King Saul

1) God told Saul through Samuel to destroy the Amalekites completely. Saul however disobeyed God. He spared the king and the fat livestock. He claimed to have spared the fat animals for sacrifice to God. Because of this disobedience, God rejected Saul as king.

2) The Israelites were faced with many enemies. The worst were the Philistines. It was a custom for the king of Israel to enquire from God whether to go to the battle or not. The priest/prophet gave permission to the king to go to war. When Saul was faced with the dilemma whether to fight or not, Samuel enquired from God. Saul did not wait for permission to go to war from Samuel the priest. He decided to bypass Samuel by offering a sacrifice to God before going to war. This action displeased God because it was not his work to offer sacrifice to God. It was the work of priests.

3) After God rejected Saul as the king of Israel, Samuel was guided by God to go to Bethlehem. He was asked to go to the home of Jesse who had eight (8) sons. In that home, God was to show Samuel the next king of Israel. Samuel would then anoint the chosen son of Jesse. Seven of Jesse’s sons were brought before Samuel one by one. God told Samuel that he had not chosen any of them. When David, a shepherd, was brought before Samuel God said to him ’this is the one – anoint him!” (1 Samuel 16:12).

David was anointed (poured oil on) as the next king of Israel. However he had to wait until Saul died before he could take over kingship.

4) After Samuel anointed David to become the next king of Israel, Saul was jealous and plotted many times to kill him. David was employed to serve Saul. He played the harp, lyre wherever an evil spirit possessed Saul.

5) When Samuel died; the Philistines gathered to fight Israel. Saul was filled with terror. Saul enquired from God whether he should go to war, but did not get an answer. Saul disobeyed God by asking a medium (witch) to consult the dead for him. This act led to the death of Saul together with his son Jonathan in battle.

6) Saul was concerned with what people thought of him than pleasing God. He wanted to please people and not God. He was disobedient with God (1 Samuel 15:24)

Lessons which Christians can learn from King Saul’s failures

1) Value of being patient.

2) Christian should obey God, follow His commands and not be afraid of people.

3) Christian should obey religious leaders placed over them by God.

4) Christian leaders should be humble

5) It is against the teachings of God, against the will of God to consult the spirits of the dead through mediums.

7) Without faith, it is impossible to please God. God desires sincere worship.

9) Political leaders should consult and listen to religious leaders.

10) Christians should not turn against their enemies or rivals. They should not plot to have them destroyed and killed.

 

IMPORTANCE OF DAVID (1 Samuel 16: 1 – 23, 2 Samuel 6:1 – 15)

David took over kingship of Israel though some people resisted his rule. At first he ruled the house of Judah. Later on the other tribes rallied behind him.

Importance of King David

David became king after the death of Saul. He ruled for over 40 years as king of Judah and Israel.

Achievements of David

1) He was a brilliant military commander

2) He captured the old fortress of Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made it his capital city.

3) He removed the ark of covenant from the house of Abinadab in Shiloh and brought it to Jerusalem.

4) He expressed great faith in God. Through his faith in God, he was able to kill Goliath, the great Philistine warrior.

5) He was a skilled musician and composed marry psalms that were used and are still being used in temple and church worship.

6) David respected the prophets of God and always consulted them whenever he wanted to do anything.

7) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel through conquests.

He was a great diplomat and established good political relations with the neighboring kings.

9) He was a shrewd administrator who chose wise elders and counselors to advice him.

10) God promised to establish an everlasting kingdom for David

11) David ruled over Israel, administering law and justice to all people.

12) He took a census of the Israelites and used the information to (a) recruit young men into military service and (2) decide on the policy of taxation.

13) David had remarkable leadership qualities. He was kind. He spared mephibosheth, Saul’s grandson.

14) David was humble. He was ready to accept sins he had committed and repent e.g. he repented after committing adultery with Bathsheba. David as an ancestor of Jesus Christ (2 Samuel 1 – 29, LK 1:26 – 33) David intended to build a splendid temple for God in Jerusalem. He felt it was not fair for the Ark of the Covenant to continue dwelling in a tent while he himself lived in a magnificent palace. To achieve this goal, David consulted Nathan, the prophet on whether to build the temple. The prophet approved the idea. But that night, Nathan received a revelation form God that stated that David was not to build a house (temple) for God. David’s son would build the temple of God (2 Samuel 7:5 – 6). Prophet Nathan gave David God’s message to David. The message was that:

  1. a) His son will build the temple
  2. b) God would give David’s descendants a place to settle
  3. c) God promised to raise up an heir from the house of David to sit on the throne
  4. d) God promised to make David’s name great or famous among all other leaders of the earth.

Reasons why God rejected David’s offer to build him a temple

  1. David had been involved in a lot of wars with the Israelites’ enemies and had thus shed a lot of blood.
  2. God was a God of the people and could not be confined to a house.
  3. It was the will of God to establish the house of David (build David a house) rather than David builds a house for him (God). The human body is the temple of God. God dwells in the hearts of people.
  4. David had grown old. God wanted him to rest.
  5. God had planned that David’s son would build a house for him – a place to house the Ark of the Covenant. King Solomon, David’s son built the temple and fulfilled God’s promises to David. Solomon’s rule was peaceful and prosperous.

The New Testament is a fulfillment of God’s promises to David

1) The gospel writers tell us that Jesus was born in the family of David (Luke 1:26 – 27)

2) The angel of God during the annunciation of the birth of Jesus said that He will be like his ancestor David (Luke 1:32 – 33)

3) Jesus was born in Bethlehem which was also the birthplace of David (Luke 2:4)

4) Bartimaeus the blind man of Jericho hailed Jesus as the son of David

5) During his triumphal entry to Jerusalem, Jesus was hailed by the crowd as the messiah descended from David.

6) In his genealogy, Saint Mathew says that Jesus was a descendant of David (Matt.1: 1)

Failures of King David

Although David had many virtues:

1) He ordered Uriah to be placed at the battle forefront so that he can be killed.

2) Uriah was the husband of Bathsheba. David had committed adultery with her.

3) He took Bathsheba as his wife

 

LEADERSHIP OF KING DAVID

David showed:

1) Courage and bravery. David was courageous and brave. Modern leaders should be ready to die with and for their subjects.

2) Gratitude – thankful and grateful. David always thanked God for any success or favors he received. Good leaders should be thankful and grateful to God as well as to their fellow human beings.

3) Loyalty. David was loyal to God and to the Israelites. A good leader should be loyal, and never betray his people.

4) Justice. David administered justice to all his subjects without favoring anyone. No tribalism or nepotism. A leader should be fair to all (2 Samuel 8:15).

5) God – fearing, having faith. David was God fearing. He expressed his total trust in God. Modern leaders need to emulate this quality.

6) Humility. A leader should be a humble person. Though David had been appointed as the king, he continued to serve Saul until Saul died. He accepted his failures and asked for forgiveness

7) Kind. David was a kind leader. Leaders should be kind. David spared the life of Saul twice yet Saul wanted to kill him.

8) Wisdom. David was careful when choosing legal advisors to assist him in his rule. He was also wise. He reduced tribal jealousies by choosing Jerusalem; a neutral spot for administrative purposes.

9) Delegation – a shrewd administrator. A good elder should be able to delegate duties. David delegated duties. He involved others in advising, and administering

 

ACHIEVEMENTS AND FAILURES OF KING SOLOMON (1 KING 3 – 12)

After David died, his son Solomon became the next king. Kingship in Israel was hereditary. Solomon was chosen by David to be his successor. He took over from David at a time of peace and security established by David.

Achievements

1) He made Israel rich by establishing trade with other countries

2) He was a good trader and a successful merchant. He traded in copper, horses, timber, silver and gold. He established international trade with the neighboring countries. For example, he traded with Tyre in cedar and pine logs.

3) He established a well equipped large army for Israel

4) He was a builder. He built a magnificent temple for God in line with God’s promise to David. He also constructed other cities (Megiddo) and a palace for himself.

5) He is remembered for his amazing administrative skills. He had 550 officials in charge of labour force.

6) He was a diplomatic ruler. He established friendly ties with his neigh-bours. This ensured continued peace. For instance he married the daughters of the kings of Egypt, Moab, Eden and Sidon so as to establish strong ties with those nations.

7) He had great wisdom. He judged a difficult case between two women who were claiming ownership of the same child. He composed many wise sayings known as the proverbs of Solomon. He also composed songs like Song of Solomon and Song of Songs and poems in Ecclesiastes.

9) He dedicated the temple of God with great rejoicing.

10) He brought the Ark of the Covenant to the temple of Jerusalem.

Failures of King Solomon

1) He married women from many foreign countries. These actions made Solomon break the Torah as Israelites were not supposed to marry forei-gners. Through these marriages, idol worship started in Israel. This was because he allowed his wives to worship their gods, build temples and altars for them. This led to introduction of idolatry in Israel.

2) Solomon constructed his palace for 13 years. He then built God’s temple for 7 years. This showed that he probably loved himself more than God.

3) He killed his own half brother Adonija on suspicion that he could be a rival to the throne.

4) Solomon lived lavishly, and expensively. He thus burdened the Israelites with high taxes.

5) He used forced labour. This was the same as enslaving the Israelites.

6) He worshipped idols. Solomon’s heart was turned to such other gods as Ashtoreth / ashitarte – goddess of Sidon and Molech – the god of the Ammonites. This was breaking God’s commandments

7) He sold part of Israelite territory to the king of Tyre

He used pagan skills when designing, decorating, and furnishing the temple.

9) He made treaties with other nations in spite of the fact that God had forbidden Israel from making treaties

10) He was extravagant. He used a lot of state wealth to entertain and please his many wives and concubines.

Activity

Many husbands in Kenya practice polygamy. I want you to find out from your neighbours what are the advantages and disadvantages of polygamy. Then write a paper arguing either for polygamy or monogamy.

 

IMPORTANCE OF THE TEMPLE IN ISRAEL

Definition of a temple

This is a building dedicated to the worship of God. Solomon built the temple as a fulfillment of the promises that God gave to David, that his son would build a house for him.

Importance and uses of a temple

1) It was a centre of worship. Prayers and sacrifices were offered to God from the temple.

2) It symbolized the presence of God among the Israelites.

3) The Ark of the Covenant was kept in the temple as a symbol of God’s presence among his people.

4) The temple acted as a symbol of unity in Israel. Every year all the Israelites had to go to Jerusalem to celebrate such feasts as the Passover, feast of tabernacles’ Day of Atonement. This led to the unity of the Israe-lites.

5) Dedication of children and purification were done in the temple.

6) It was a residence for the priest.

7) It was a business centre where people bought and sold animals needed for sacrifice.

8) The temple acted as a school to the scribes, rabbis and others who studied and interpreted the Mosaic Law.

9) The temple also acted as the judicial court of Israel. Judges worked from the temple

10) It is where religious ceremonies like naming and circumcision of baby boys took place.

11) It was a house of prayer.

Revision questions

  1. Explain the reasons against kingship in Israel 1 Sam 8: 10-20
  2. Explain the importance of David as king of Israel
  3. How did Jesus fulfill the prophecies of Prophet Nathan as a descendant of David? (I.e. areas where Jesus is mentioned as coming from David)
  4. What are the failures of King Solomon?
  5. Which leadership qualities can modern leaders learn from David?

LOYALTY TO GOD – ELIJAH

EFFECTS OF IDOLATRY IN ISRAEL

Introduction

After the death of Solomon, the kingdom of Israel split into two countries. The southern kingdom called Judah ruled by King Rehoboam and the Northern kingdom called Israel led by King Jeroboam. Other kings who ruled these two nations were King Abijah, King Asa of Judah, and king Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, and Ahab of Israel. During the time of Elijah King Ahab ruled – Israel.

  1. Factors that led to spread of idolatry in Israel

When Israelites intermarried with other communities, they worshipped their gods. The Bible makes it clear that:

  1. There was a lot of influence by Canaanite religion
  2. There was division /schism of Israel into 2 kingdoms

iii. Ahab’s married the Phoenician princess

  1. Israelites did not destroy all gods after settling in Canaan.

Influence of the local Canaanite religion

Idolatry is the worship of idols. An idol is an image representing a god made using precious materials such as gold, bronze, stone, and hardwood images kept in the places of worship. God had forbidden Israelites from bowing down to images and worshipping idols, intermarrying with non-Israelites, and making treaties. When Israelites settled in Canaan, they forgot God’s commandments. They intermarried and were greatly influ-enced by the local religion.

Israelites changed from being pastoralist to farmers. They therefore worshipped Baal the god of rain, agricultural fertility, and storms. Israelites worshipped Baal, for rain for their crops. The Israelites were also attracted to the visible gods of Canaan as opposed to the invisible Yahweh. This is how idolatry spread in Israel. However some Israelites maintained worship of Yahweh only (monotheistic) while others worshipped Yahweh and Baal (syncretism).

 

 

Characteristics of the Canaanite religion

Canaanite religion was:

  1. Polytheistic. They worshipped many gods. The Israelites religion was monotheistic. They worshipped Yahweh and no other God. They abandoned their religion and worshipped many gods like Canaanite.

This influenced the Israelites.

  1. A nature religion. The gods were related with the forces of nature such as rain, sun, storms, drought, famine, wind, water and death.
  2. Ensured continued fertility of land, people, animals
  3. Based on many families of gods. There was
  4. EL – Chief god – who was their father, king, creator
  5. Asherah – wife of El – the goddess of motherhood and fertility
  6. Baal – also referred to as Baal Hadad, son of El and Asherah – the god of rain, agricultural fertility, storms
  7. Astarte – wife of Baal -the goddess of war
  8. Anat – sister of Baal – the goddess of war and love
  9. Maat – the goddess of love
  10. Mot – most feared. The god of drought, famine and death
  11. Free and temple of prostitution. Israelites turned to temple prostitution. Women who wanted to increase vitality of their husbands had sexual relations with the male priests in the Baal temples.
  12. Had many places of worship. One could pray in the temple, under sacred trees, and on top of the hills among others.
  13. Based on offerings and sacrifices of human beings.

Exercise

State differences between Israel and Canaanite religion

  1. Religious schism between Judah and Israel

Schism occurred among the Israelites because there were sharp differences within them. These differences were religious, political and social. After the death of Solomon, the nation of Israel was split. Re-hoboam ruled one group while the other was ruled by Jeroboam. Because of this split, Jeroboam could not go to Jerusalem to worship in the temple. He thus set up other places of worship one at Bethel, and another at Dan. Jeroboam also set up images to represent Yahweh. Though he had no intention of Idol worship, it turned out to be so because he made his sub-jects to offer sacrifices to these golden calves, which he had designed as images representing Yahweh. He also built places of worship on hilltops like the Canaanites. He chose priests from other families in addition to the Levite Family.

Furthermore, he organized religious festivals and feasts in the month of his choice. As it were, they coincided with the Canaanites calendars. He then burnt incense at the altar of idols. Jeroboam therefore started idol worship and gave room for idolatry. Kings who succeeded him followed this idol worship.

  1. King Ahab’s marriage to the Phoenician/Tyre princess

Ahab married Jezebel, the daughter of the King Ethbaal of Sidon (Tyre) to strengthen ties with Tyre/Phoenicia. Queen Jezebel was ambitious, and a strong follower of Baal religion. Ahab allowed her to bring her gods to Israel. She forced Israelites to worship Baal and not Yahweh. She impo-rted 450 prophets of Baal and supported them using public treasury. Ahab built a temple to Baal in Samaria. He also put up an image of goddess – Asherah.

  1. When Israelites settled in Canaan, they did not destroy temples, places of worship, idols, images that they found there. As a result Canaanite’s religious practices influenced Israelites’ worship of Yahweh leading to idolatry.

The effects of idolatry harmed Israelites as:

1) Syncretism developed. This was a process of mixing beliefs and practices from different religions. Israelites worshipped Yahweh and the gods of Canaan.

2) Former places of worship for the Canaanite gods were used as places of worship for Yahweh

3) The Canaanite agricultural calendar was adopted by Israelites

4) Names of the Canaanite gods were used for Yahweh. For example, EL was referred to as Yahweh

5) Parents began naming their children after Baal.

6) Feasts and celebrations were changed to correspond with those of Canaanites when they celebrated their feasts.

7) King Ahab declared worship of Baal as the state religion

Queen Jezebel ordered the destruction of the altars of Yahweh

9) Prophets of Yahweh were killed. Elijah went into hiding.

10) The 450 prophets of Baal were made the officials of the royal court in order to promote and protect Baal religion

11) Israel started to experience long droughts because Yahweh withdrew his blessings. This made Israel worshippers of El

 

ELIJAH’S FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION AND FALSE RELIGION IN ISRAEL

  1. a) The contest at Mount Carmel (1 King 18:17 – 46). Carmel refers to the vineyard of the Lord. King Ahab brought trouble to Israel because of worshipping the idols of Baal. Elijah told Ahab that the problems

Israel was facing were due to worship of Baal. Elijah requested King Ahab to call a meeting at Mt Carmel. In attendance would be all Israelites, 450 prophets of Baal, and 400 prophets of the goddess Asherah who were supported by Queen Jezebel and Elijah.  Elijah told Israelites it was decision time. They had to choose their God. Would it be Yahweh, the God of Israel or Baal the god of Jezebel of Phoenician/Tyre. If it was to be Baal, then they were told to follow him, if they select Yahweh as their God then they were to follow him (1 kings 18 vs. 21).

The choice. Elijah proposed a contest between him and Baal prophets. He asked for two bulls one for him, the other for 450 prophets of Baal. The contest was who can light fire? Yahweh or Baal? He proposed that Baal prophets and himself be given each a bullock. Both shall cut the bull into pieces and put them on wood without lighting fire. The Baal prophets shall pray to their god and Elijah shall pray to the Lord. The one who sends fire to consume the sacrifices… He is God. The people of Israel accepted

 

 

Elijah’s proposal

Actions. The prophets of Baal prayed first because they were many. They took the bull, prepared it and prayed to Baal until noon (vs. 26). They prayed louder, and cut themselves with knives and daggers; but there were no answer. The prophets of Baal kept on ranting and raving until evening but there was no answer (vs. 29).

Elijah asked people to gather near him. He prepared the altar of the Lord to repair work. He took 12 stones representing the 12 tribes of Israel (who were named after the 12 sons of Jacob or Israel) and used them to rebuild the altar. He then dug a trench around the altar. This trench could hold 14 litres of water. He placed the wood on the altar; cut the bull into pieces and laid them on the wood. He asked for four barrels of water and poured it on the offering and wood. He poured water on the altar three times until the water overflowed, run around the altar and filled the trenches. Elijah then called on the Lord, “O Lord, the God of Abraham, …prove now that you are the God of Israel and that am your servant and have done all this at your command” (vs. 29).

The Lord sent fire down and it burnt up the sacrifice, wood, stones, and dust and licked up the water that was in the trench. When people saw this, they proclaimed ‘The Lord, is God; the Lord alone is God”.

Elijah asked people to arrest the prophets of Baal, led them down to the river Kishon and killed them. And after this there was rain in Israel (vs.40).

Lessons learnt from Mt. Carmel

Israelites acknowledged that Yahweh is:

  1. Is their only God and that Baal was not God
  2. Is powerful

iii. Is a merciful God

  1. Is a jealous God as He will have no other gods but him
  2. Is a God of justice who punishes idolaters and sinners
  3. Answers prayer

vii. Is a forgiving true God

viii. Protects his servants

  1. b) Elijah’s fight against corruption (1 Kings 21: 1 – 29)

Corruption is defined as dishonesty. It’s a form of injustice when dealing with either an individual or the community for selfish gain and benefit. In a corrupt society people in leadership or with wealth take advantage of the weak, and the poor. The powerful exploit the poor and the powerless by denying them their rights. An example of corruption in Israel is the story of the Naboth’s Vineyard.

Naboth’s vineyard

Ahab wanted Naboth to either sell to him his vineyard or exchange it with another vineyard. Naboth refused to sell his inheritance. Jezebel, on seeing that Ahab was sorrowful told him that she will get him Naboth’s vineyard. Jezebel sent out letters in Ahab’s name to the elders of the city.

She found two witnesses who could bear witness that Naboth had blasp-hemed God and King Ahab.

Witnesses testified that Naboth had blasphemed God. He was stoned to death. God then sent Elijah to meet with Ahab as he went to possess the vineyard of Naboth.

God’s sentence to Ahab

God pronounced to Ahab through Elijah that (1) dogs shall lick his own blood from the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth (2) His sons shall be killed (3) Dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel (4) Evil shall be brought upon Ahab’s house.

This was because Ahab had broken these commandments:

The 6th commandment – which forbids murder

The 9th commandment which forbids bearing of false witness. Ahab allowed his wife to bear false witness against Naboth

10th Commandments – you shall not covet your neighbor’s property.

Elijah’s encounter with Yahweh at Mt. Horeb (Mr. Sinai) 1 Kings 19

After killing the prophets of Baal, Elijah was threatened by Jezebel. She vowed to kill him. Elijah ran away to the wilderness. The angel of God fed him with a loaf of bread and a jar of water. After eating and drinking Elijah walked to Mt. Sinai – the holy mountain of God. He stayed there for 40 days and 40 nights. In the mountain God appeared to him.

There was a strong wind, an earthquake, a fire but the Lord was not in them. Then the lord spoke to Elijah in a still small voice. God told Elijah, “Return and anoint Hazael as king of Syria, Jehu as king of Israel, and anoint Elisha as a prophet and your successor.”

Self-assessment question

How can Christians help reduce corruption in Kenya?

Answer

First is to recognize the various forms of corruption like: tribalism, bribery, cheating in business, stealing, misuse of public funds, grabbing public land, robbery with violence and dishonesty

Self-assessment question

How can Christians fight corruption? Christians can fight corruption by:

a). Employing life skills

  1. a) Applying their critical thinking. This is the ability to make appropriate decisions; by weighing in the consequences of actions before taking decisions.
  2. b) Creative thinking and being imaginative. This is the ability to explore new ways of handling issues
  3. c) Decision making which is the ability to make the right choices
  4. d) Assertiveness. This is the ability to express ones opinion with confidence
  5. e) Praying for the corrupt to change their behaviour
  6. f) Setting a good example by acting as a good role model
  7. g) Educating people on the evils of corruption
  8. h) Reporting those who are engaged in corrupt dealings / practices to the relevant authorities.
  9. i) Obeying the laws of the society /country
  10. j) Voting for morally upright leaders.

 

REASONS WHY ELIJAH FACED DANGER AND HOSTILITY AS A PROPHET OF GOD

It’s not easy for a person to oppose the government and its policies. The person normally faces danger and hatred. Elijah faced hostility from King Ahab, his wife Jezebel and the 450 prophets of Baal. Elijah faced hostility because:

  1. He pronounced a three years drought in Israel, which brought suffe-ring.
  2. He put to death 450 prophets of Baal
  3. He boldly condemned King Ahab for taking away Naboth’s vineyard
  4. He preached at a time when there was idolatry, and Baal was the official religion in Israel
  5. He identified himself with Yahweh in the midst of prosecution of God’s prophets by Jezebel.

Relevance of Elijah’s prophetic mission to Christians today

Lessons Christians learnt from the life of Elijah

1) Elijah was courageous. Church leaders should remain courageous and condemn any form of social injustice

2) Modern Christians learn to remain faithful to God through word and deed even if it would cost them their lives

3) As God helped Elijah in difficult times he will also help the Christians hence they should not despair.

4) Elijah was a man of prayer Christians should pray to God always.

5) Christians should advocate for the rights of the poor and speak out against any form of oppression.

6) Christians should not give false evidence against their neighbours

7) Christians should be persistent like Elijah was in their struggle against injustice

God communicated with Elijah in a still small voice indicating his intimacy with the prophet. This means that God is able to establish an intimate relationship with his faithful.

Review questions

  1. a) Describe the qualities of Elijah that led to his achievements
  2. b) What is schism and syncretism?
  3. c) What are some of the characteristics of Elijah that a modern Christian should strive to emulate?
  4. d) What are the effects of idolatry in Israel today?
  5. e) Describe Elijah’s fight against false religion in Israel
  6. f) Describe Elijah’s fight against corruption 1 kings 21
  7. g) What can Christians learn from the teachings of Elijah?

 

SELECTED ASPECTS OF AFRICAN RELIGIOUS HERITAGE

Introduction

All Traditional African Communities believe in a Supreme Being who is the origin and sustainer of all things: He is the creator of the university and all that it contains. All Africans agree that nobody has ever seen God. Therefore, nobody can really describe Him, yet through their religious insights, Africans have formulated ideal about the nature of God. These ideas concern His real being and His activities.

“Traditional religion” refers to African culture that existed in the sub – Saharan Africa. African traditional culture had no scriptures or texts because most of it was oral. It was preserved and handed down from generation to generation-through oral traditions; ceremonies; rituals, and leading personalities.

 

AFRICAN CONCEPT OF GOD, SPIRITS AND ANCESTORS

Africans believed in existence of a supreme being who lived in mountains, clouds and the sky. God was the creator of the universe. In African traditions, religion was integrated in every aspect of life and daily activities. For example, farming activities involved God, spirits and ancestors. People would pray to God, spirits ancestors so as to ask for blessings in order to have a good harvest. Livestock keepers believed that fertility of their animals is a result of the blessings of God. If God was appeased, animals would increase.

Natural phenomena such as thunder, lightning, rain; good harvest, and birth were linked to the Supreme Being and the invisible world. If there were calamities such as drought, disease, famine, and death, it was an indication that God, spirits and ancestors were displeased with humankind. Many communities have invocations uttered throughout the day

Nature or Attributes of god

God is described with many names, which are God’s attributes. These are among others:

  1. a) God is Good – Nearly all-African communities describe God as being good to all people and things. He gives rain, sunshine and life among many other gifts.
  2. b) God is merciful– The Akamba refer to God as “God of pity”, the ‘merciful one’. God shows mercy in times of danger, illness, difficulty or anxiety.
  3. c) God is holy. He is pure, holy and does not make mistakes. Yoruba call him God who is pure, without blemish. The Kikuyu say God is “Possessor of whiteness” and the Bukusu – ‘master whitewash’. African traditions all approach God with reverence, fear, respect and honor. For example when offering sacrifices, they would offer a one-colour animal either white, black, or brown and not a spotted animal.
  4. d) God is powerfule. Omnipotent. God is described as almighty. His power is expressed in natural occurrences like thunder, lighting, earthquakes, rains, and floods.
  5. e) God is all-knowing (Omniscient). God knew all things; nothing can be hidden from him. He discerns hearts.
  6. f) God is all present (Omnipresent).He is present everywhere in the universe
  7. g) God is limitless. God has no limit. He is both very far and very near, beyond and within.
  8. h) God is transcendent .God cannot be exhausted by human imagination. He is unexplainable, beyond human experience and understanding.
  9. i) God is all understanding
  10. j) God is self – existent .He made all things but he himself is not made. He exists on his own. Zulu explain that God is ‘he who is of himself.
  11. k) God is a spirit. He is invisible, and everlasting. Shilluk of Sudan refers to him as ‘great spirit’ ‘the formless spirit.
  12. l) God is everlasting. God is eternal, never changes, and never dies. The Yoruba call him “the mighty immovable rock that never dies.
  13. m) God is God created the creator .The world Kikuyu call him “Mumbi”
  14. n) God is just. Kikuyu refer to God as “Mugai” meaning “divider”. ‘One who shares out.’ God judges fairly, punishes those who do wrong and rewards the good with blessings.
  15. o) God is the provider. All communities acknowledge that God provides them with everything they have. Africans built representation of the power of God. They identified sites, places and things that represented the presence and power of God. For example things like big trees, thick fore-st, high mountains, unique rock formations and large rivers and animals. In these places they built sites, and shrines. Shrines were regarded as holy and people approached them with reverence Spirits. They were believed to exist between God and human beings in the universe. Spirits were diverse and created by God. Some spirits were dead human beings. Spirits were divided into nature, sky, earth and human spirits that were either long dead (ghosts) or recently dead (ancestors).

There were different types of spirits.

These were:

  1. Divinities. These are spirits created by God. They are close to God and act as his agents. They are in charge of natural phenomena like the sun, moon and stars. They are intermediaries between God and ancestral spirits, human beings and other creatures. They reveal God’s plans through diviners and mediums
  2. Human spirits / common spirits. These are inferior to divinities but higher than human kind. They are remains of human beings after their death. These spirits monitor human activities. Human spirits have lost their names and are not longer remembered by the living. They are believed to live in the underworld, undergrounds, in thick bushes, forests, rivers, mountains, lakes, skies, and caves among other places. These spirits can bring harm to the living if disrespected. They appear to people in dreams or in form of shadows. They can also enter or possess a person and cause abnormalities.

 

  1. Ancestors / living dead

These are spirits of the recently dead. They are remembered by the living when children are named after them. They are actively involved in the lives and activities of the living. Their offerings (food or drink) are poured on the ground for them to receive.

Ancestors are in a period of transition between the living and the higher categories. They are believed to know the problems of the living and therefore consulted constantly. They are also associated with evil such as revenge for burying them without honor, or not following the instructions they gave before they died or failing to pour them libations. When they are happy with the living, they are a source of blessings. Ancestors who did evil things or committed suicide are forgotten and ignored.

Hierarchy of beings

Hierarchy means the order or ranking from the highest to the lowest of created beings. At the top is

Divinities

Ancestors

Human Beings

Animals and Plants

Non-living Things

 

THE ROLE OF GOD, SPIRITS AND ANCESTORS

God is the creator. The Akamba community believed that God whom they called Mulungu created man and woman. He then tossed them to the earth. The Luhya claim God created them from the black topsoil hence their skin complexion.

God is the source of life and giver of life. Barren women pray to God to ask for children. Human beings depend on God for life, rain, air, and sunshine.

God is the provider. He gave domestic animals to human beings for their use. Domestic animals have many uses such as repayment of dowry, food, and sacrifices to God, payment of a fine by an offender.

Many wild animals are used in folk songs and tales to discourage coward-ice, and laziness

God is a protector of human beings from evil.

God is the giver of moral laws and a judge of people

God offers solutions to man’s problems through mediums, and prophets

God gives power to the specialists such as medicine men, women and priests.

God punishes people for wrongdoing

Wild animals such as hyena are used in folk stories to discourage cowardice. Stories of tortoise illustrate the importance of being slow but sure. Snakes in some communities such as the Luhya were not killed.

The community believed snakes were immortal ancestors coming to visit the living.

Plants were used as food for people and animals. Trees were used for fuel and building materials. Some trees were used as sacred places of worship.

Non-living things such as the rain, rocks, and rivers had a religious importance. Rain is seen as a blessing from God. When rain fails, diviner/rain maker was consulted .Rocks, and mountains were believed to be dwelling places for the living, the dead and the spirits.

The spirits were viewed as neither good nor evil. Human beings feared them. Their roles were many.

They:

  1. I) appeared in dreams especially to diviners, priests, medicine men and women, and rain makers to relay information
  2. ii) Were consulted by religious specialists to find the cause of a problem in a given situation.

iii) Were bad (naughty) spirits, which disturbed people. African commu-nities believed that bad sprits could call out one’s name but on turning there’s no one.

  1. iv) Were manipulated by some human beings to cause harm to others
  2. v) Relayed God’s messages to human beings.
  3. vi) Sometimes possessed a person causing the person to be sent away from the village to the forest, or away from home.
  4. vi) acted as intermediaries between humans,’ divinities and God

Role of ancestors is to: –

1) Appear to families in dreams and visions.

2) Give family instructions .i.e. what should be done.

3) Rebuke those who fail to honor them and warn them of impending punishment

4) Act as mediators between the living and God.

5) Enquire about family affairs as they considered as members of the family

6) Request for sacrifice of an animal which is slaughtered for them

7) Cause illness or mental disturbance to members of a family if they are disregarded or disobeyed.

8) Preserve the culture of a community

9) Welcome those who die to the spirit world.

 

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LIVING TOWARDS GOD, SPIRITS, AND ANCESTORS

Responsibilities of living include

Human beings are expected to worship God, spirits and ancestors and show reverence and respect or veneration to God. They are also expected to (i) pray (ii) sing and (iii) dance.

Worship. This is our major responsibility as God expects us to meet and communicate with the spiritual world and God. There are several ways of worshipping God. These include among others:

(a) Sacrifices and offerings.

Sacrifices include shedding of blood of animals and birds. Offerings are in the form of foodstuffs, milk, water and honey. God was worshipped because He is recognized as the absolute owner of life and property. We also worship God in order to (i) invoke Him for special blessings

(ii) Thank Him (iii) express our personal fellowship and communion with God (iv) avert or prevent evil. Evils bring about epidemics, famine, floods, and drought.

 

(b) Singing and dancing.

Africans worshipped God through singing, dancing, clapping of hands, drumming, and use of musical instruments.

(c) Prayers, invocations and blessings.

Prayers were accompanied with sacrifices or offerings. Community leaders prayed to God, spirits and ancestors.

(d) Invocations are shortened form of prayers e.g. “Help me oh God” ‘Oh great God”. These are prayers at the spur of the moment. They are few words full of meaning and calling for help from God.

(e) Formal blessings. An elder or older person gave blessings. It is believed that the person blessing the other one is doing so on behalf of God.

(f) Venerations.

Africans treated their ancestors with great respect and honor. They for example worshiped ancestors daily. Worshipping included placing food or pouring libation of beer, milk, water and honey for the spirits. As this act was done, they uttered words to accompany the offerings. Libations were done daily by some communities.

(g). Ancestors were honored by:

– Mentioning their names at prayers was offered to God.

– Naming children after them.

-Inviting them to participate in family ceremonies and rituals. For exam-ple during birth, and initiation.

– Maintaining their graves well.

– Giving the dead a decent burial

Communication with spirits

Diviners and mediums talk with ‘spirits”. To do so, they sit quietly in a place; singing, dancing and clapping their hands. As they dance, sit and sing, diviners lose their senses and get possessed by the spirit. The spirits speak give them messages for individuals and communities. Spirits communicate on issues such as:

  • Lost property
  • Revealing by name the enemy in the society
  • Making demands on the living
  • Giving advice
  • Giving warnings on impending danger and
  • Making promises to bless a family or clan. Spirits that possess mediums are not harmful.

There are bad evil spirits harmful to people whom they possess. Some evil spirits cut themselves; others throw themselves into a fire, river, and lake.

Revision questions

  1. a) Explain African beliefs about god (or qualities)
  2. b) Describe the African understanding of the hierarchy of being
  3. c) Describe the role of the ancestors to the living
  4. d) What was the responsibility of the living towards God?
  5. e) Describe the T.A. ways of worshipping God.

 

AFRICAN MORAL AND CULTURAL VALUES

MEANING OF LIFE AND ITS WHOLENESS IN THE TRADITIO-NAL AFRICAN SOCIETY

Life originates from God and it progress from one stage to another with a certain rhythm each person has to follow. Each stage of life is marked by rites of passage. Life is continuous and unending. Each person is expected to value life and to be responsible. Life involves sharing. It is immoral to be greedy and self centered. People are to be hospitable, warm and caring toward other people. Unity and harmony are to be upheld. Life is viewed as whole only if a person went through all the stages or rites of passage

Life was propagated through bearing children. Life cannot be divided into religious and secular. Every element of life has a religious meaning. Life is communal. Life was celebrated at every stage. Everyone depends on others. Labor was divided. There were duties for men, children and women.

In African traditional society, human life is precious. Murder was condemned harshly. Suicide was considered the worst thing anyone could do. It was seen as a curse on the family. If one died at childhood, it was regarded as abortion. Death did not mark the end of life. Death is referred to as ‘saying goodbye to food”, “sleeping,” “going home”, “being called by the ancestors”.

African concept of a community

A community is a group of people who share a common language, religion, and culture and may live in the same geographical location. This group of people or an ethnic group shares common interests and characte-ristics. For example, African communities:

Share common features and interests

Have the same origin and are likely to be related by blood

Share a common language

Live together and inhabit the same geographical location.

Are divided into smaller units called clans

A clan is made up of people who have the same forefather. A clan is composed of families. A family is made up of members (living or dead) who are related by blood and marriage. Family members therefore include the ancestors and the unborn.

 KINSHIP SYSTEM IN AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

Kinship refers to the relationships between people. These can be by blood, marriage or adoption. People that belong to the same kinship system are referred to as kin.

Importance of kinship system and ties

Kinship relationships were and still are important among African communities. This is because these ties:

  1. Provided company. This ensured that people were not lonely.
  2. Provided a sense of belonging which one of the human needs. We all want to belong
  • Controlled social relationships between people related by blood or marriage.
  1. Promoted mutual responsibility and help
  2. Enhanced a sense of security which is a human need
  3. Regulated marital customs, rules and regulations.
  • Enabled people to live peacefully and in harmony.
  • Bind the community together enhancing social cohesion and loyalty to each other
  1. Facilitated care for the disadvantaged members of community.
  2. Ensured that all members of the community are have knowledge of community beliefs and practices
  3. Provided a peaceful way of settling disputes.
  • Provided mechanisms for proper inheritance of property for example land.

Factors contributing to harmony and mutual responsibility in African communities

Some of them are (1) rites of passage (2) good morals (3) participation in communal activities such as ceremonies, work, leisure activities and worship (4) sharing of property and ideas (5) division of labor.

Tasks were distributed according to one’s age, gender and status. (6) rules/social norms regulated how people grew up; knowing what is wrong and right. Good morals help people to live in peace and harmony

RITES OF PASSAGE

In traditional African society, there were four main stages of life. These were (i) birth and naming (ii) initiation (iii) marriage and (iv) old age and death

Birth and naming

When a woman conceived, and pregnancy was visible, she was treated specially. She wore charms to keep away evil eyes. She ate special food and avoided sexual relations. The family and husband did not expect her to perform heavy task. When she was ready to deliver, midwives helped in delivery. After delivery, the placenta was seen as a sign of fertility hence it was buried in the fertile land such as a banana plantation. Some communities preserved placenta while others threw it into a running stream.

Birth

The arrival of a baby and its sex was announced through ululations or shouts. The placenta was disposed off ceremoniously. The mother was purified and baby protection rites were conducted. Once purified, a mother could wear charms to protect herself and the baby from malicious spirits, sorcery, witchcraft, and evil eyes.

Thanksgiving ceremonies were performed to show gratitude to God. The hair of the mother and child was shaved as a sign of purification and newness of life.

Naming

Naming of babies was carefully chosen. A baby could be named after either a season, weather,

ancestors, place or time of delivery, occasion, experience of mother during delivery, significance events such as war, and drought, personality of the child, and names of heroes and gods. A good example is the name ‘Were’ amongst the Luhya. Twins had special names.

Initiation – the second rite of passage.

There were different types of initiations such as circumcision for boys and clitorisdectomy for girls, excision of teeth and body marks. Initiation rites were important and every individual was expected to go through them or be rendered an outcast. Initiation practices were seen as tests for courage and bravery. They helped the communities when identifying future leaders and warriors.

Initiation was very important in communities where it was practiced. Initiation marked a transition from childhood to adulthood. In this transition, the initiate acquired new rights, new status in life, and privileges. For example the new initiates were allowed to marry, own property, and inherit the father’s property. In addition the initiates received specialized education. They were taught how to behave as adults, warriors, future husbands and parents.

The education brought families, relatives and friends together. This act strengthened kinship ties. It also prepared the initiates to face the difficulties and challenges of adult life. In addition, initiation helped to structure the community. Initiation was programmed to fit an age set; and it marked passage of specific time. Thus each initiation ceremony was held regularly, normally between 16 – 21 years of age. If you calculate, you can see that 16 to 21 years introduced a new age set or group of young people. The age set held power for 16 to 21 years and handed over to the new generation. Initiation was therefore a mark of identity. It gave the initiate a sense of belonging. It bonded the initiates together with the ancestors.

Initiation rituals are not popular today as they were in the past. This is because many communities have undergone social and cultural changes because of modern education. As a result some families take their sons to hospitals to be circumcised to prevent HIV/AIDs and to avoid infections because of unhygienic traditional initiation practices.

Other reasons are (i) urbanization and migration, (ii) individualization (iii) Christians religious values.

These have made some communities abandon some rites e.g. clitoris-dectomy and (iv) some countries have made girl’s circumcision illegal and an issue of human and health rights.

Attitude to birth and naming

There has been a change in attitude to birth and naming. This is because initiation is no longer a community but a family affair. In addition, pregnant women attend antenatal clinics. Majority of pregnant women give birth in hospitals and health centers. Thus a doctor and not a midwife announce the sex of the baby. In modern society, the mother and child are no longer secluded. Lastly most parents prefer western names for their babies.

Marriage was a requirement for all members of the community. It was a source of status in the community. Since a leader had to be married.

Young men and women married after initiation. Marriage was a happy occasion and a source of wealth.

The father gave young initiates some animals for dowry. Fathers of girls received dowry payments, as bride price was mandatory. It was given to the parents of the girl in form of (a) Cows (b) Goats (c) Camels (d) Jewellery (e) Poultry. The young men inherited the father’s property.

 

 

 

Importance of dowry

Dowry unified the community. When young women were married, their parents lost their labor. Dowry payments compensated for this loss. Men paid dowry as a sign of commitment to their wife and parents.

Importance of marriage

Marriage was sacred. It was an ordained by God. Marriage created new social relationships and expanded web of kinships. During the marriage ceremonies the whole community rejoiced, and feasted together. The newly married couple learnt new knowledge and skills. The community and society respected the newly married couple. Children born from this union propagated and ensured continuity of family, and the community

Modern community and marriage

There has been a change in attitude towards marriage. As a result: marriage is no longer seen as sacred and divorce is common. In addition, dowry has been commercialized, as it is no longer seen as important. Some young men do not pay dowry. In fact marriage is no longer seen as a sign of status Children were important in marriage. Barren women were frowned upon. Polygamy solved issues of childlessness. Couples without children can now adopt them from the Child Welfare society.

Divorce

This was very rare. It happened only if the girl (i) was not a virgin (ii) practiced witchcraft (iii) and did not show respect towards her husband.

Old age and death

This is the age of wisdom. Old people were respected. Grey hair was a sign of respect and wisdom. In all culture, the elders were the custodians of the law, norms and regulations. Social and religious specialists were seers, rainmakers, priests, diviners, and medicine men among others

Death

Old age is followed by death. It was seen as a transition into the spiritual life. Besides old age, many cultures believed that death was due to either breaking of the traditional customs and taboos, curses, evil spirits, witchcraft, war, diseases and epidemics. Burial rites were performed in many African communities.

Disposing of the dead body

Several methods were used to dispose the body. These were burials, leaving bodies in the forest, and throwing body to animals or placing the body in an abandoned house. African communities believed that animals carried the spirit of the dead person to the next life. Burial rites were performed by the bereaved. They buried the body with ones person belongings and tools. Thus if a person was a great warrior, he was buried with a war coat. Celebrations accompanied funeral rites.

Funeral songs (dirges) were performed

There was drinking and eating.

Importance of funeral and burial rites

Burial rites created a good relationship between the dead and the living. They were therefore given to appease the world of spirits, express unity in the society, cleanse the remaining relatives and obey the customs of the community. Rituals that were performed depended on the community. Some of the rituals for the dead included.

  1. a) Shaving of heads. Some mourners shaved their hair completely, while others shaved in a specific pattern.
  2. b) Dancing and singing, and giving gifts to the bereaved family
  3. c) Mourning (d) Drum beating (e) Horn blowing 9f) Grave side fires

Here are some questions to make you think about marriages

  1. In your opinion, what has brought changes in modern marriages?
  2. Explain why divorce is rising in Kenya and Africa.
  3. What changes do we see in contemporary marriages?
  4. What has brought about these changes?
  5. What are the major causes of death in Kenya today?

 

RELIGIOUS SPECIALISTS AND THEIR RELEVANCE IN MODERN SOCIETY

Religious specialists include Medicine men / healers, Herbalists, Diviners, Mediums, Prophets / Seers, Rainmakers, Priests and Elders. Religious specialists were given power by their parents who taught them religious duties. Others received divine call through dreams and visions. A few learnt from experts via apprenticeship. This is learning by observing and practicing what one sees the master teacher doing.

-Roles of the medicine women/men in the Community. Medicine women/men are healers who were and are respected by the community. This is because they were and are able to:

1) Treat and heal the sick

2) Solve serious and complicated chronic illnesses

3) Give medicine in form of powder, herbs, minerals or liquid form and observed patients swallowing, drinking, sniffing, and applying on the skin.

4) Offer prayers and sacrifices to God

5) Give charms to protect individual persons from evil spirits.

6) Perform specialized medical roles in some communities in spite of the fact that we have modern hospitals, counselors and psychologists.

Elders were and still are community leaders. They were not religious specialists but the community gave elders duties, which made them close to religious leaders.

Herbalists and their relevance

Herbalists were synonymous with witch doctors. They cured people through herbs just like the medicine women/men. Communities’ belief: Those herbalists are witchdoctors and possess magical powers. Herbalists continue to be consulted as ‘witch doctors’ or “waganga”. Today herbalists do religious tasks that were traditionally done by diviners.

Diviners were able to find hidden secrets and knowledge; reveal witches and thieves. They communicated with spirits and enhanced the work of healers and medicine people. They worked as medicine people and were healers of people. They used magic powers and predicted future occurre-nces. They used items such as pebbles, water, bones or gourds in divina-tion. They also warned of future calamities. They were mediators between God, ancestors and the people. To be a diviner, one had to be trained. There was a specialized curriculum prepared by diviners.

-Relevance of diviners in modern society. Diviners (‘witchdoctor’ “mganga”) are not popular today and are hardly consulted. But the unfo-rtunate Kenyans consult them who: need a job, promotion, and children. This consultation is secret. Mediums were channels of communication between the living and the spirits of people’s ancestors. The ancestor spirits possessed mediums and through them ancestors gave information and messages to their relatives.

Priests were religious leaders and functionaries. They were intermediaries between people, ancestors, spirits and God. Their work was to make sacrifices and give offerings on behalf of the people. They officiated during planting and harvesting rituals. They offered prayers and blessed the needy.

They cared for the shrines and poured libations to the ancestors. They led the community in public worship. They were political heads and judges. Today, traditional priests are not relevant since most Kenyans follow several religious practices like Christianity, Hindus, Islam and many others. But there are however, a few traditional priests who take care of community shrines.

Prophets / Seers predicted the future. They foretold events such as invasions, wars, drought, and epidemics. They gave advice. They also performed religious duties. They could bless and curse. Religious prophets are common today but traditional prophets are not common.

Rainmakers were responsible for bringing or withholding rain to a community. They interpreted weather conditions. They performed certain rituals like asking God for rains. They were highly respected in the society. Modern science has replaced rainmakers

Meteorological departments have made the rainmakers redundant.

Elders were custodians of community values and secrets. They acted as educators. They gave punishment to offenders of social norms/rules. They acted as counselors and guided the youth on matters of sex and marriage. They helped in maintaining roles for important religious functions, such as rites of passage. They were political leaders in the community. They were negotiators and solved conflicts since they settled family disputes especially agreements concerning land. They were custodians of the traditional values, customs and history of the people.

 Relevance

Elders are relevant in modern society. They are referred to as village elders and are recognized by the government of Kenya.

 

AFRICAN MORAL VALUES

Introduction

African communities were regulated by a strict code of laws and moral values. In this lesson we shall study moral values, which regulated individual members of society as well as the community itself.

What is a cultural value?

These are community practices and beliefs. Each community has cultural values that it accepts and upholds. These cultural values are laws, customs, and forms of behavior, regulations, rules, observances and taboos. The cultural values form a moral code, which regulates the community. For example, if the culture, values private property, it will have laws that forbid theft of property. These laws are cultural values. Cultural values influence the social order and peace. God gives peace and harmony. God is seen as the giver and guardian of the law. Disobedience was and still is regarded as evil, wrong and was and still is punishable by law.

What is a moral value?

Moral values are standards of behavior towards others. They are based on what is valued by the community. Moral values are also positive attitudes. Each community decided what is important to it and what is desirable for its members to practice and uphold.

The moral values that communities observed were many. They included amongst others:

  1. Hospitality and Love for self and others. This is the habit of welcoming all people, treating oneself and others well. Members of the community were taught how to be hospitable to visitors, strangers and how to assist the needy.
  2. Honesty. This is developing good habits like telling the truth, Loyalty, Respect, Co – operation with all.
  3. Obedience to parents, elders, community leaders and elders. Cultural regulations were followed and adhered to leading
  4. Caring for others. This is being responsible to members of the community
  5. Developing social moral behavior like Humility, Sharing, Responsibility, Chastity, Integrity, Tolerance, Perseverance, and Courtesy
  6. Working Hard. Do chores. These were according to sex, age and social-economic status.
  7. Cooperation. Members cooperated and worked together with others.

Moral values were learnt in the process of socialization. Leisure activities helped in acquisition of moral values. Learning moral values was a lifelong process. The most valued behavior was obedience.

Children were to obey their parents; wives obey their husbands; community obeys their leaders, and elders.

Learning to obey was a lifelong process. An obedient person was respected and rewarded.

-Misconducts. There were taboos that the community observed. Failure to obey community laws resulted in punishments. The community did not allow stealing of livestock. Domestic animals were the most valued private property. Individuals owned livestock while land ownership was communal. There were many forms of punishment for stealing livestock and committing other crimes. For example

  1. Payment of heavy fines to replace stolen livestock
  2. Being beaten in a sack
  3. Thrown down a hill
  4. Cast out of community. Thieves and murders built their homes at the outskirts of the community.

They were not allowed to interact anymore with the members of the community.

  1. Being covered with dry banana leaves and then set on fire.

 

 

 

CONTINUITY AND CHANGE

Formal education introduced the western way of life. Employment and trade forced Africans to leave their villages to look for employment and markets in towns. These actions led to urbanization and pluralism. As a result different communities came to towns and lived together.

  1. Paid employment.

Workers were paid by money. The concept of money changed community life. Individualism ownership of money replaced communalism

  1. Land used to be communal.

There was plenty of land for everyone. But changes were brought by modern life. For example, health improved and people lived longer. There were fewer deaths and population increased. With money, there was an expansion of trade. Individuals started buying land with money instead of clearing forests.

Modern life changed the concept of land. Individual started owning land.

The colonial governments introduced policies about land ownership in different African countries. In communities where education was accepted and money economy took over from livestock economy, communal land disappeared.

Parents did not have land for inheritance. As a result, people moved and bought land away from their ancestral birthplaces. This resulted in both migrations and immigrations.

  1. Property.

Traditionally property included land, cattle (Livestock), women/ wives, and children. In African traditional culture, this property belonged to men or the first-born son in paternal societies. In maternal communities, it belonged to wives and daughters.

Today property or wealth is in different forms such as money, buildings, vehicles, land, shares, stock, jewels, insurance, and others. Women, men and children own property. Because of this, the status of a person is measured by property.

 

 

Dowry – Bride price / bride wealth

In African societies, bride price was very important. It was given in various forms. For example cows, animals skin, and camels. Today dowry is commercialized. It’s mainly in form of cash money. This has made marriage costly for the poor. Some young people are staying together without a formal wedding in church or in the community. Others do not want to pay dowry. Young couples are living together in what is called – come – we – stay arrangements.

  1. Health Medicine

In traditional society, Illness was caused by witchcraft, sorcery, bad omen, or curses. Diviners, herbalists, and healers treated the sick people.

Today bacteria, viruses, or environmental factors, cause illnesses. These are treated by nurses, and doctors; in hospitals and health centers. There is however a craze for herbalists. The communities are consulting herbalists and are taking herbal tea, and medicine

  1. Dress

Mode of dressing varied between countries. It was dependent on the type of climate. African communities were clothes made from skins or hides, leaves of bananas and trees. Women wore beads, and necklaces for decoration.

Modern mode of dressing is a mixture of African, Asian and European wear. There are clothes for men, women, and unisex. African and western ornaments are worn for beauty and style.

  1. Worship.

Worship is an important activity in African communities. There are different forms of worship, which are done in various places. Those who were converted to Islam worship in Mosques. Those converted to Hinduism worship in temples. Christians worship in churches. The few traditional African communities continue to worship their ancestors in shrines. These are very few. But a few groups are turning back to traditional worship and reviving worship of ancestors and spirits, and their traditional God. For example “Mungiki” a cult in Kenya, made up of young people, worship the traditional Ngai and practice traditional culture.

Traditional religions have many offerings such as foodstuffs and sacrifices such as goats, cows, and sheep and chicken. Human sacrifice has been discarded.

It is illegal, and it is murder. In the news, we have heard of cases of body parts being stolen from a dead body in mortuary probably for religious rituals. This is illegal and a criminal offence.

Modern offerings in most religious institutions consist of money.

  1. Death changes immediately the status of families.

Mothers and fathers become widows and widowers. Children become orphans. Many parents, wives and husbands have died because of HIV / AIDS, road accidents, diseases and other modern calamities. They have left orphans, widows and widowers.

Orphans used to be looked after by grandmothers, brothers and uncles. Today government, churches, charities, NGOs, well-wishers, and guardians, the elder sibling looks after orphans. Some orphan sisters and brothers drop out of school to look after the rest. Some orphans have ended up in the streets because there is no one to look after them Widows. Traditionally brothers inherited widows. However, widow inheritance is being discouraged to prevent HIV / AIDS. But on the other hand, a widow is encouraged to remarry as society has become individualistic and no longer assists community members as an obligation.

Widowers are not inherited and many of them remarry soon after the death of their wives.

  1. Old age.

In traditional African communities, old people were respected. But now old age is not respected. The aged are seen as a burden to their children. This is because the need medical care, food, and other forms of care to meet their needs. Most of them are neglected and mistreated. In traditional communities, children took care of their aged parents. Today some children care for their parents.

Fortunately, churches have set up homes for the aged. An example is “Nyumba za wazee”. A few old people can look after themselves since they have pension schemes, life insurance policies, and income generating projects, investments and bank deposits. They can care for themselves.

Revision questions

  1. a) What is the significance of the kingship system?
  2. b) Outline and explain factors contributing to harmony and mutual responsibility in the traditional African society
  3. c) What was the purpose of the bride wealth in the traditional African society?
  4. d) Explain the role of medicine men in the African communities and their relevance today.

STUDY ACTIVITIES

Read the Bible quotations given

Carry out role-plays e.g. the sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham

Consult the aged to assist in the understanding of African traditional practices Form one answers

TOPIC ONE

  1. What is the importance of reading the Bible?

 Strengthens people’s faith.

 Helps in spreading the gospel.

 Helps in composition of songs and hymns.

 Acts as a reference when we write its translations and other books.

 Promotes good relationship between God and man.

  1. In society, people in schools, crusades, churches, lodgings, homes, and hospitals read the Bible.
  2. In the government, the Bible is used for swearing in the Courts, Parliament and Cabinet when members of parliament are nominated to become ministers of the government.
  3. The major divisions of the Bible are the old and the new testaments. Read 1.3.4. Above for more information
  4. What are the effects of Bible translation on African languages?

The Effects of Bible translation into African languages

The translations increased and deepened people’s faith in God. They also led to the establishment of schools. The Gospel spread to local communities and many of them became Christians. The missionaries and colonialists learnt African Languages. This led to the promotion of African languages. This helped the African converts to judge when the missionaries were unfair or when they practiced inequality of races.

  1. Why is the Bible referred to as (a) a Library and (b) the Word of God?

(a) The Bible is referred to as a Library because its:

  1. Books are arranged in a series and in order.
  2. A reference book
  3. Is a book of literary works?
  4. Books were written under different situations and circumstances
  5. Books are many
  6. Inspiration is a process through which God took the initiative to prompt and enlighten the writers of the Bible its Godly influence

TOPIC TWO: CREATION AND THE FALL OF MAN

  1. Find answers on the differences between the two creation stories in lesson four
  2. Traditional African view of creation is in lesson four. Africans’ view was that:

God is the architect of the world

God existed from the very beginning of time

God created everything from nothing

God provides for the needs of human beings, animals, and all creation

God continues to create through human beings

  1. Human beings continue with the work of creation in lesson four
  2. The origin of sin and evil read again lesson five
  3. Consequences of sin in lesson five When Adam and Eve sinned

Man’s friendship with God changed to fear of GOD

What had been innocent and good became shameful

Relationship between GOD and man was damaged and became spoilt

Man began to toil for food, safety and other basic needs

Pain became part of human experience

Death sentence was passed

  1. Consequences of evil are in lesson six Africans understand evil as barrenness, war, drought, epidemics, madness, sickness, death, burning in a house and others
  2. God’s plan of salvation is lesson seven. The lesson tells us that GOD saved human kind by providing:

Clothing for Adam and Eve

Means to find food

A decree to defeat serpent through the seed of the woman

A solution in which he chooses Abraham and separated him from others

A delivery of Israelites from Egypt

Prophets with messages for Israelites

The Messiah to die on the Cross to save humankind

  1. Compare the biblical concept of sin and the African concept of evil.

Similarities:

Both agree that God is good and did not create evil.

In both, sin is a result of disobedience, greed and selfishness of humankind.

In both cases, sin lead to human suffering.

Both hold the view that sin/evil befalls humankind in the form of a curse.

Sin brings separation between God and man.

In both, there is reconciliation and forgiveness between God and man. Thus sin does not end a relationship.

Differences

In the bible, the serpent is seen as the cause of sin whereas in many Traditional African communities, the spirits of the dead causes evil.

In the bible, there is external punishment (hell) for sinners while the African communities believe that punishment is here on earth.

Biblically, human beings are born sinners because they are descendants of Adam (1st parents’ sin). In Traditional African Community, a child is born free of evil.

Biblically had taken the initiative to end sin but in Traditional African Community, man does through sacrifice to the ancestral spirits.

  1. Subdue the earth in genesis 1 verse 28

TOPIC THREE: FAITH AND GOD’S PROMISES TO ABRAHAM.

Explain why Abraham is referred to as the Father of Faith

Faith is complete trust in somebody or something. This is because he demonstrated faith in his life’s actions.

Accepting to move from his homeland to an unknown land

By accepting circumcision at an old age and change of name

Being ready to sacrifice his only son – Isaac

He made altars for the worship of God at Bethel etc.

He believed in a God he did not know/see.

By accepting to enter into a covenant relationship with God where he gave his best animals as a sacrifice

 Give five (5) actions from the life of Abraham that shows his faith in God

Abraham obeyed God’s call and left his homeland Haran to go to an unknown land.

He believed in the promises God gave him.

Build altars for the worship of God, one at Schechter and the other at Bethel

Covenant – accepted to make a covenant with God where he sacrificed the best of his animals

Circumcision – accepting the command to circumcise himself and all male children in his household

Sacrifice of son – willing to offer his only son Isaac as a burnt offering to God

List some of the promises God gave to Abraham.

Abraham and his wife Sarah would have a son.

Abraham would be famous.

He would become the father of a great nation.

God would curse those who cursed him and bless those who blessed him.

God assured Abraham of a personal protection.

Many descendants – like stars on the sky.

The descendants would be slaves in a foreign land but God would deliver them.

He would live to a ripe old age and die in peace.

God would establish an everlasting covenant with him and his descendants.

Some of his descendants would be kings.

God would give him and his descendants land.

Compare and contrast Jewish and Traditional African practice of circumcision

  1. Similarities

In both communities, circumcision is taken as a physical sign of membership to the community.

It involves the cutting of the foreskin.

Members who refuse to be circumcised are treated as outcasts in the community.

The shedding of blood is symbolic as it binds the people with God and ancestors.

It has a religious significance.

Special people in both do circumcision.

The occasions are accompanied by a ceremony which being kinsmen together.

The rite is compulsory for males.

The practice is handed down from one generation to the next.

Names are given during the occasion.

In both cases, it is done in special or religious places e.g. temple/under mugumo tree/ shrine etc.

It is a command from God/ancestors.

Differences

For African, initiation leads to adult responsibilities such as marriage, becoming a warrior, decision- making and property ownership. In Jewish community, the boys are too young to take up responsibility.

In the Jewish community, only males are circumcised while in the Traditional African Community, both boys and girls are.

For Jews, one remains a child while in the Traditional African Community, they move from childhood to adulthood.

Jewish community circumcise at the age of eight days while in the Traditional African Community, it is at puberty.

Among the Jews, it is a sign that they have become God’s people, but in Traditional African Community, one is bound to the ancestors.

The Jewish circumcision is a command from God as a sign of their covenant with him while Traditional African Communities do it in obedience to the customs and traditions of their duty.

The rite, taken place on the 8th day of both in Jewish community while in the Traditional African Communities, it occurs after every four – six years

Done to individuals in Jewish community while it is done to a group of age mates in the Traditional African Communities.

No seclusion period among Jews as is the case in most African communities.

In African communities, the ceremony enables them to choose future leaders, which is not the case with the Jews.

Helps one endure suffering (pain) in future in the African communities unlike in the Jewish communities.

Only one form of initiation (cutting of foreskin) is done. Various forms are practiced in the Traditional African communities. These include:

Cutting of foreskin

Lib/ear piercing

Removal of lower teeth

Scarification (putting marks on face/body)

What is the importance of faith to Christians?

Faith is the foundation of Christian life today. It makes Christians part of the great nation of God.

Through faith in Jesus, Christians became the chosen people of God.

Faith enables Christians make correct choices in life e.g. When choosing a career, marriage partners etc.

Faiths help them to face temptations and challenges in their lives and are able to overcome them.

It gives them perseverance in prayer as they wait for God’s answer.

It gives them the courage to commit their lives to God totally.

It is through faith that Christians obey God.

They are able to achieve impossible things through faith.

They are able to believe what they have not seen through faith.

They are able to serve the world, help the needy because of their faith in Christ.

. State the elements of a covenant

Partners two or more partners are involved.

A physical reminder – a certificate/sign

Promises: – given by both partners.

Ceremony – whose blood seals it or an oath taken

Witnesses – must be present

It requires faithfulness, obedience and loyalty to the regulations

It spells out serious consequences for those who break it.

On 7. Give examples of covenant in the bible and the modern society

The Bible

God’s covenant with Noah: where he promised never to destroy the earth with flood – rainbow is the sign of the covenant (Gen 9).

God’s covenant with Abraham: God promised to fulfill the promises he made to Abraham. The sign was circumcision (Gen 15 & 17).

The covenant between God and the Israelites on Mt Sinai – sign was the Law – 10 commandments (Exodus 24).

The covenant between God and King David – promise to David’s kingdom would last forever (2 Sam: 7).

Jeremiah’s covenant: The new covenant with God’s people (Jr 31: 31 – 34).

 

 

Modern Society

  • Baptism
  • Marriage
  • Oath of allegiance/loyalty
  • Ordination
  • The National Anthem binds all
  • The loyalty pledge
  • Employment contract

Discuss the circumstances that led God to enter into a covenant relationship with Abraham

To seal the promises given unto Abraham e.g. a great nation, son, many descendants.

It was an assurance of the fulfillment of God’s promises to Abraham.

It was to unite God and the Israelites.

It was to be a source of blessings to all.

A starting point for the salvation of mankind, whereby he would renew the relationship between himself and man after the separation by the 1st parents

TOPIC FOUR: SINAI COVENANT.

What are the qualities of Moses as a leader?

Education: he received education while in the pharaoh’s palace where he grew up.

Jewish religion knowledge: his own mother who was his maid taught him the history of Israel.

He learned leadership skills from the King as he grew up.

Shepherd: herding the father-in-law’s herds made him gain experience of shepherding people.

Life in the wilderness where he lived after killing an Egyptian gave him experience in desert life through where he would lead the Israelites.

Father/parent: his marriage to Zipporah helped him learn family leadership. Later he applied this to his work.

Prophet: Enabled him to foresee the future and inform the community.

Miracle-maker: helped him solve problem facing his people in the wilderness e.g. lack of food, water.

Lawgiver: gave laws that were used to govern the community of Israel i.e. the Ten Commandments.

Hard work: worked for his father-in-law serving the family e.g. fetching water. Later he was able to serve the Jews.

(i) Describe the call of Moses: Exodus 3: 1 – 22

God called Moses as he herded his father-in-law’s flock at Mt Sinai.

Moses saw a burning bush, which was not consumed. He drew nearer to get a better look.

God called Moses by name from the middle of the burning bush and told him to remove his shoes because he was standing on holy ground.

God told Moses that he had seen the suffering of his people in Egypt and heard their cry.

He told Moses that he had chosen him to go to Pharaoh and release them from bondage.

Moses objected to the task because he felt inadequate.

God promised to be with Moses and to protect him.

Moses asked for the name of God so that he would have a point of reference when asked who sent him.

God revealed himself to Moses saying, “IAM WHO I AM”

God gave Moses power to perform miracles that he would use as proof of his work.

Moses protested further saying he was a stammerer.

God commissioned Aaron, Moses’ brother as his spokesman.

Moses then told God he was afraid to go to Egypt.

God assured him that the man he was afraid of was already dead.

On b (ii) Why was Moses hesitant to God’s call?

It is because he was already a criminal and wanted in Egypt after having killed and Egyptian and ran away.

He was not a good speaker (stammerer).

He did not know the name of God who was sending him.

(i) What is the significance of the items used for the Passover feast (similar to what is the meaning of the Passover meal)?

The Lamb: reminded the Israelite of the sacrificial lamb whose blood saved their 1st born from the angel of death.

The unleavened bread signified purity.

It too signified the hurry they had to leave Egypt, as unleavened bread is easy to bake.

Roasting the meat was the easiest method of cooking.

Not breaking bones and spilt blood signified forgiveness.

Bitter herbs symbolized the bitterness of slavery in Egypt.

Other Meanings:

Eating while standing symbolized the haste with which the Israelites were to leave Egypt.

They were not to leave any meal to avoid profanation in the form of flies. Burning was the simplest way of disposal & sacred.

(ii) Compare the Lord’s Supper to the Passover feast

Similarities:

Both are acts of salvation from suffering. Passover saved Israelites from slavery while the Lord’s

Supper saved people from bondage of sin.

Both are celebrated in memory of a past event – suffering.

Lambs offered in both Hebrews – the Passover lamb in the Lord’s Supper Jesus is the paschal lamb.

In both a symbolic meal was taken.

In both cases each group is saved through a mediator – Moses and Jesus respectfully.

God’s covenant is remembered in both cases i.e. Old testament and new covenant respectfully.

In both the religious significance of the feasts is taught and emphasized.

Differences:

In the Passover feast, animal sacrifice is offered while in the Lord’s Supper, Jesus was the last sacrifice and instead bread and wine are offered to represent his blood and body.

Whereas the Jewish Passover was compulsory for every few, the Lord’s Supper is not compulsory in all Christian churches.

The bloodshed in the Jewish Passover is for the salvation of the Jews only while the blood of Jesus shed on the cross is for the salvation of the whole human race.

Passover lamb offered in Hebrew while Jesus was the lamb offered in the Lord’s Supper.

Describe how the Sinai covenant was made

The Israelites arrived at Mt Sinai through God’s saving power.

Moses was instructed by God to tell the elders to do the following in preparation for the making of the covenant.

All Israelites were to cleanse themselves and wash their garments.

Mark the boundaries of the mountain and avoid going near or crossing the border.

Avoid sexual relations between married couple

Note: All these happened after Moses had gone up the mountain and God had promised to make the Israelites the following if they obeyed him.

  1. His people
  2. A kingdom of priests

iii. A holy nation

On the third day after cleansing, Moses took the Israelites to meet their God. God manifested himself in the following forms: thunder, lightening, earthquake and a thick cloud that filled the mountain and a loud trumpet blast.

Moses came down and told people about the laws which was to guide them as a covenant people.

The people agreed to obey all the words the Lord had spoken (Ex 24: 3 – 4)

Thus the covenant was made.

 

 

 

Describe the circumstances that led to the breaking of the Sinai covenant

Moses went up the mountain to receive the stone tablets on which the Ten Commandments where written. He delayed (40 days) thus forgetting God.

The Israelites became impatient. They forgot the saving power of God that had delivered them from

Egypt.

Aaron was a weak leader who failed to lead the people to uphold the covenant. He yielded to their demands to make and worship idols.

Availability of gold jewellery: used to make the calf image.

Idolatry was a practice done while in Egypt so they copied/continued with it.

They were used to God’s (idols). They could see while in Egypt unlike the Yahweh who was invisible.

How was the broken covenant renewed?

Moses pleaded to God not to destroy the Israelites.

God spared them.

God commanded the Israelites to cut two stone tablets where he would rewrite the commandments.

God gave conditions to be fulfilled by the Israelites in the renewal of the covenant.

These were:

  1. a) To obey God’s command.
  2. b) Not to make treaties with other nations.
  3. c) To tear down the altars of the gods of other nations and temples.
  4. d) Not to worship idols.
  5. e) Not to make images to represent God.
  6. f) Not to marry foreign wives.
  7. g) To keep and celebrate the three festivals namely, Passover, feast of weeks and the feast of in gathering.
  8. h) To keep the Sabbath day holy.
  9. i) Dedicate to God 1st born male children and animals.

God promised that if they obeyed Him, He would:

  1. a) Protect and preserve them
  2. b) Bless them
  3. c) Make them prosper

After this Moses was ordered by God to write a new set of Laws on the stone tablets.

Thus the covenant was renewed.

Describe how the Israelites worshipped God in the wilderness

Worship is the practice of showing respect and love for God.

The Israelites showed their respect and love for God in the wilderness in the following ways: –

1) The Ark and the Tabernacle: The Ark was a wooden box where the Ten Commandments were kept.

They signified the presence of God. The tabernacle was a portable tent for meeting between God and the Israelites.

2) The Sabbath: They observed the Sabbath as a sacred day for resting and worshipping God.

3 Festivals: Celebrated many festivals as one way of worshipping God. E.g. Passover

4) Altars – built them when there was need to worship God – meeting place between God and the people and sacrifice to God.

5) Observance of the Ten Commandments. These guided them on how to live with God and man.

6) Religious leaders: God chose priest from the tribe of Levi to organize worship.

What is the relevance of the Ten Commandments to Christian today?

Christians learn that God is a jealous God. They avoid holding other things in their lives strong in the place of God.

Christians learn that God is unique and cannot be represented by visible man-made objects or described in human terms.

They are reminded to observe the Sabbath by worshipping God.

They strive to have a good relationship with God.

They are taught to respect other people and their property.

They learn that long life is a result of honoring and respecting their parents.

They strive to live upright and moral lives.

They learn that lust for money and other property is sinful.

What did the Israelites learn about God in the wilderness?

They learned that God is faithful. He keeps promises.

A provider – provided manna, water etc.

God is the controller of natural forces e.g. Red sea, a pillar of cloud & fire, earthquakes etc.

A jealous God – no worship of other gods

Just – forgave those who broke the covenant and punished those who refused to repent.

Merciful and compassionate

Give them a 2nd chance after breaking the covenant.

A God of victory – helped them defeat Amalekites.

God valued a personal relationship – commandments given.

TOPIC FIVE: LEADERSHIP IN ISRAEL

  1. Explain the reasons against Kingship in Israel (1 Sam 8:10 – 20)

The King would force the sons of the Israelites to serve him as soldiers in the army.

The King would create forced labor and enslavement by making the young men work in his farms and in making weapons. Daughters would work in his house.

He would also grab their land and give it to his loyal servants.

He would overtax them in order to maintain his administration.

It would be seen as a rejection of Yahweh as their King.

Israel would be like other nations who did not know Yahweh.

Yahweh would reject them when they cried to him.

  1. Explain the importance of David as King of Israel

David was important because he was chosen by God and publicly anointed by elders in a religion ceremony. He too became ancestor of many communities.

David was a great musician and wrote many songs for promising God.

He killed Goliath the philistine soldier.

He conquered the enemies of Israel such as Amalekites, Ammonites etc.

He expanded Israel through his military conquests and marked the boundaries of the nation.

He captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made it a capital city.

He too made it a religious centre by placing the Ark of the Covenant there, which had been housed – Abidjab’s.

He had good diplomatic relationship with other nations.

He encouraged trade with other nations thus making Israel prosperous.

He was a shrewd administrator who chose wise elders to advise him.

He was filled with the Holy Spirit.

He established the largest and most enduring dynasty that lasted 400 years.

He composed the books of Psalms used to praise God.

Whenever he wronged God, he genuinely repented and humbled himself before God.

He was a just ruler.

He respected the prophets of God and consulted them before making decisions.

He was prayerful and consulted God in his undertakings.

He united the twelve (12) tribes of Israel.

He set a good example of faithfulness to Yahweh that he wanted all the Israelites to emulate.

  1. How did Jesus fulfill the prophecies of Prophet Nathan as a descendant of David? (i.e. Areas where Jesus is mentioned as coming from David)

Angel Gabriel announced the birth of Jesus to Mary who was engaged to Joseph, a descendant of

David. The Angel referred to Jesus as the King whose wisdom would last forever (Lk 1:26-33).

Jesus was born in Bethlehem – the birth place of David (Lk 2: 4 – 5)

Abraham and David are mentioned as the ancestors of Jesus.

During the triumphant entry into Jerusalem, the crowds who met him sang with joy and shouted ‘Hosanna to the son of David.’

On the days of Pentecost when Peter addressed the crowd, he referred to Jesus as a descendant of David (Acts: 2 29-35).

Zechariah in his Benedictus, says that God has promised a savior descended from the house of David (Lk 1:69)

The blind man at Jericho referred to Jesus as the son of David (Lk 18:38).

  1. d) What was the failure of King Solomon?

Solomon was the 2nd King of Israel, succeeding his father King David. He failed to live according to the covenant way of life in the following ways.

He married foreign wives thus breaking the Total that clearly stated that the Israelites should not marry foreigners because they can come with their gods – idols.

He allowed the wives to worship their gods (idols) thus leading to spread of idolatry in Israel.

He not only worshipped the gods of his wives but also built temple for their worship.

He, by worshipping the gods became a bad example to Israel, as King. They copied him.

Although he built God’s temple, he erred in many ways:

  1. He built his palace for 13 years but took only 7 years to build God’s temple. Shows he loved himself more the God.
  2. He used foreign designs and materials in the construction of the temple, ignoring God’s specifications on how to build it.

iii. He liaised pagan craftsmen from Tyre to design, decorate and furnish the temple.

He broke the sixth commandment by killing his half brother, Adonijah. He suspected that Adonijah would become his rival to the throne.

He spent a lot of Israel’s money on his lavish lifestyle. He had a large army and servants.

He overtaxed the people to meet the amount.

He used forced labor in his development projects.

He enslaved young men and women who went to work in the palace as servants for the wives.

He practiced nepotism. He exempted them from forced labor.

He sold part of Israel – sold 20 towns of Galilee to King of Tyre as payment of a debt he could not pay contrary to God’s command.

He made treaties with other nations that were against the condition set during the renewal of the Sinai covenant.

In the above ways, he oppressed the people of God.

  1. Which leadership qualities can modern leaders learn from David?

Justice: A good leader is one who does not favor some people like David (I Sam 24: 1 – 12).

Courage: David showed this while fighting Goliath. Leaders need to be brave and courageous in their work (I Sam 17:41 – 54).

Fear of God and Faith: David consulted God before any undertaking. Leaders should do the same.

Gratitude: David was thankful to blessings he received. Leaders should be happy and grateful to God.

Loyalty: Modern leaders should remain loyal to their office. David was loyal to God and his people (2 Sam 2:7)

Kindness: Good leaders should show mercy to their people like David did e.g. he forgave Saul twice (2 Sam 19: 9 – 39).

Humility: Leaders should not hesitate to ask for forgiveness from God and people. David was humble and asked for forgiveness any time he went wrong.

Willingness to delegate: Learn to delegate future as David did (2 Sam 20: 23 – 26)

Wisdom: Be wise in choosing legal advisers as David did.

Respect: Leaders should show respect to God and preaches those they serve as David did to the prophets and his people.

 

 

 

TOPIC SIX: LOYALTY TO GOD- ELIJAH.

  1. Qualities of Elijah that led to his achievements
  • Elijah was fearless and courageous. His courage helped him to face King Ahab and Queen Jezebel and condemn them for their wickedness such as corruption and idolatry
  • He was faithful to God. Yahweh guided him in his dealings with Baal prophets and King Ahab.
  • He lived a simple life. For example, he wore simple clothing made of camel’s skin.
  • He stood for the covenant at a time when the religion of Yahweh was in danger
  • He had the power of God in him and was able to control rain.
  • He confirmed that Yahweh had authority over land and over the people.
  1. b) Schism is sharp religious, social, political differences within a group or organization

Syncretism is the process of mixing religious beliefs and practices

  1. c) Some characteristics of Elijah that a modern Christian should strive to emulate

1) Courage

2) Faithfulness

3) Zealousness for God

4) Concern for the needy / poor

5) Provision of social justice

6) Patience

  1. What were the effects of idolatry in Israel?

Syncretism developed where the Israelites worshipped Yahweh alongside the gods of Canaan.

The Israelites started calling Yahweh by the names used for Canaanites gods e.g. El.

The Israelites started naming their children after Canaanite gods like Baal.

They changed their religion calendar and celebration to correspond with their Canaanite celebrations and feasts.

They converted the high places used for worshipping Baal to Yahweh’s shrines without removing the graven images of idols.

The unity that existed between the two tribes of Israel was destroyed. They no longer treated one another as brothers.

The Kings of Israel behaved like the Canaanites leaders by oppressing the weak and grabbing other people’s property.

The people neglected Yahweh’s holy places.

God’s prophets were mistreated, persecuted and even killed.

God withdrew his blessings from the Israelites because they angered Him by worshipping other gods.

They broke God’s commandments, which forbade worship of other god a part from Yahweh.

The Israelites practiced temple prostitution and other Canaanites rituals and sacrifices.

  1. Describe Elijah’s fight against false religion in Israel

Elijah rose to challenge false religion at a time when Baalism had become the official religion.

He prophesied a three and a half years drought because the people had turned away from Yahweh.

After the drought God appeared to Elijah and told him to go to King Ahab and tell him that the drought was as a result of idolatry in Israel.

Elijah requested the King to order all the people to meet at Mt Carmel to hold a contest.

Elijah asked the King to invite the 400 prophets of Asherah and Baal’s 450, saw that they could prove who the true God is.

Elijah would sacrifice a bull and the false prophets would too sacrifice their own to call on their Gods to send fire. The one who could send is the true God.

The prophets of Baal were the 1st to pray to their god but he never sent fire.

The prophets cut themselves with knives to please their god but he never sent it.

Elijah then prepared the altar with 12 pillars representing the 12 tribes of Israel.

He dug a trench around the altar, placed wood and put the cut bull on top of the wood.

He ordered for water to be poured around the trenches until it flooded.

Then in the evening Elijah prayed and called upon the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob to send fire.

Fire came and consumed the whole sacrifice, including the water in the trenches.

As a result, the Israelites bowed down and declared that Yahweh was the true God.

Then Elijah ordered the killing of all the prophets of Baal and the prophetesses of Asherah.

Elijah went to the top of the Mt Carmel and prayed for rain. Yahweh sent His servant to watch for the sign of rain from the sea.

The servant looked towards the sea seven times after, which he saw a small cloud forming.

Then heavy rain fell, signaling end of drought.

  1. Describe Elijah’s fight against corruption – 1 Kings 21

Corruption: Can be defined as dishonesty or misuse of power for personal gain.

In a corrupt society, the rich and powerful people tend to take advantage of the weak/poor by exploiting them and denying them their rights.

King Ahab of Israel desired a fruitful vineyard owned by a man named Naboth.

King Ahab approached Naboth to sell him the vineyard or exchange with another one.

Naboth declined the offer because in Israel, selling ancestral land was against the covenant law. The land belonged to God.

Jezebel, Ahab’s wife, soon learned, Naboth’s refusal and she arranged Naboth’s murder through false accusations.

After Naboth was killed, Ahab possessed the vineyard.

God commanded Elijah to go and declare His judgment on Ahab for committing such an evil act in Israel.

Elijah declared the following judgment on Ahab:

  1. Dogs would lick Ahab’s blood at the same place where they had licked Naboth’s.
  2. Ahab’s dynasty would fall kike those of the Kings before him who had disobeyed God.

iii. All family members of Ahab would face violent deaths.

On hearing this, Ahab humbled himself before God and repented. God postponed Ahab’s punishment to the days of his son.

  1. what can Christian learn from the teachings of Elijah?

From the Mt Carmel incident, they learn that Yahweh controls the forces of nature – can bring rain or stop it.

Yahweh is the only true and living God – Mt Carmel.

Yahweh is forgiving – pardoned those who repented on Mt Carmel.

Yahweh is a jealous God. He will not share honor with any God – killed the 450 prophets worshipping Baal.

A prosecutor – protected Elijah.

A provider – provided Elijah with food.

Yahweh answers prayers. He is faithful.

They also learn that church leaders should condemn evil like Elijah did in the case of Ahab and Naboth.

Christians should work to protect the poor from exploitation.

They should be prayerful so that God can help them overcome difficulties like Elijah.

They should strive to lead lives free from corruption.

They should remain faithful even if it means costing their lives to Naboth.

Leaders should realize authority comes from God and are accountable to Him.

They should avoid idolatry, which Elijah condemned.

Perform tasks given by God however had they may be as Elijah did – facing Ahab, killing the 450 false prophets etc.

Finally, they should invite sinners to repeat and bring them back to God.

TOPIC SEVEN: SELECTED ASPECTS OF AFRICAN RELIGI-OUS HERITAGE

Question a: Explain African beliefs about God (or qualities)

African beliefs about their God are found in their proverbs, myths, songs, prayers, narratives and religious ceremonies.

God was believed to be a supreme being who was beyond human understanding.

The African communities believed that God was all-powerful – omnipotent.

They believed that God’s power is expressed in natural occurrences such as thunder, earthquake floods and volcanic eruptions.

God is believed to be all-knowing omniscient.

He is limitless and knows hears and sees everything.

He is also omnipresent – meaning he is everywhere at all times.

Transcendent – beyond human understanding because of the transcendent nature, Africans found it impossible to represent him using physical representations. They viewed him as being far yet too near them.

He was seen as the provider and sustainer of creation.

They believed that God is everlasting. He has no beginning or end.

God is merciful.

They believed he is incorruptible.

African communities associated God with justice.

Physical features were often seen as a representation of awesome power of God. This is why large mountains, thick forest, unique rock formation were used as shrines.

African viewed God to be mysterious.

Q b. Describe the African understanding of the Hierarchy of Beings

Hierarchy of Beings

Divinities

Ancestors

Human Beings

Animals and Plants

Non-living Things

God as the creator occupies the highest rank in the hierarchy of being – creator.

The Divinities: Came next and control natural forces in the universe, created by God.

The Common Spirits: Comprise spirits of people who died long time ago.

Ancestors: (living dead): Spirits of those who died recently and are still remembered by the living.

Human Beings: Consist of the living and the unborn.

Animals and Plants: Come next – for man’s use as food and sacrifice to God.

Last (7th) are non-living things such as mountains, rocks, rivers, caves, dwelling places of God and Spirits.

Qc. Describe the Role of the ancestors to the living

The ancestors acted as intermediaries between God and human beings.

They communicated the problems and wishes of human beings to God.

God and the spirits used the ancestors to express their wishes concerning human beings.

The ancestors welcomed those who died to the spirit world.

They helped to preserve the culture and standards of a community.

The ancestors blessed the living and corrected them through punishment.

Q d. What was the responsibility of the living towards God?

To show gratitude to God and give thanks to him as an acknowledgement that He is the giver of life.

To honor, worship and adore God by praying to Him for their needs.

To pray to Him during or before a war, before planting, etc.

To obey and trust Him.

To take care of God’s creation

To teach children about God.

Appease him through sacrifice

Q e. Describe the Traditional African ways of worshipping God

Sacrifice: They were used to ask God’s favour, thanksgiving, to avert evil and ask for forgiveness, before planting and after harvest, epidemics, birth, naming, invitation, weddings, funerals etc for different reasons.

Offerings: Foodstuffs e.g. grain, honey, beer, milk was offered in recognition of God as owner of property and provider.

Prayers and invocations: Commonest act of worship. A continuation activity done anytime as the need arises.

Song and dance: People were involved both physically and spiritually. This brought the city together.

Blessings and Salutations: Expressed in greetings and farewells e.g. “Go with God”, God be with you”.

Q f. What were the African ways of venerating and communicating with the spirits and ancestors?

Venerating means showing respect to somebody.

Spirits and ancestors were venerated because they were believed to be senior to human beings and closer to God.

Sacrifices were offered to them as the ways of venerating them.

Pouring libation was done.

The living invited them during ceremonies such as birth, invitation, marriage and burial.

They consulted diviners, mediums and medicine men to keep in contact.

The living named after them – thus they became immortal and members in the physical world again.

Their names were mentioned during prayer.

By maintaining their graves

Giving them proper burial ceremonies

TOPIC EIGHT: AFRICAN MORAL AND CULTURAL VALUES.

Q a. What is the significance of the kinship system?

Kinship means being related either by blood or marriages.

The kinship system was important in the traditional African society because of the following factors.

The kinship system regulated people’s behavior towards each other. This promoted peaceful and harmonious relationships.

It promoted co-operation among community members especially in times of difficulty.

It helped to ensure that the disadvantaged members of the community were taken care of.

The living dead and the ancestors were part of the African kinship system. This showed concern or the families or relatives they left behind.

The kinship system led to the preservation of cultural identity.

It provided a peaceful way of settling disputes with the elders acting as arbitrators.

It ensured fairness and transparency in sharing out inheritance.

The kinship system united the members of a family and clan by giving them a sense of belonging.

It helped people to establish new relationship, especially through marriage.

Kinship ties regulated marital customs rules and regulations. People who were related in any way could not be allowed to marry.

Q b. Outline and explain factors contributing to harmony and mutual responsibility in the Traditional African Society

Good morals: Every member of the community was expected to do the right thing according to the norms of the community.

Participation in communal activities: Means of the community were expected to participate in communal activities e.g. wrestling, dances and communal work.

Sharing: People shared ideas and even property, which created harmony among the people.

Division of labor: Tasks were distributed according to one’s age; gender to avoid conflicts in roles.

Rules: In Traditional African Communities, elders, men youth, and women had their respective roles to play that enhanced harmony in the community.

Virtues: Virtues like generosity, obedience, kindness and honesty were encouraged since they contributed towards harmonious living.

Religious beliefs and practices: A common belief in God, the spirits and ancestors created a sense of togetherness.

Q c. What was the purpose of bride wealth in the Traditional African Society?

It was a way of thanking the bride’s family for taking good care of her.

It was a form of compensation to the bride’s parents because the woman would now belong to another family.

It was a sign of contract that the man would marry the girl and they would live together until death.

It represented evidence of the groom’s ability to take care of a wife and a family.

It was a sign of generosity on the side of the man.

It initiated a long-lasting friendship between the families of the groom and the bride.

It cemented a marriage.

It was a symbol of the marriage covenant between the bride and the groom.

Bride wealth served as an outward seal of the marriage contract.

Q d. Explain the role of medicine-men in the African Communities and their relevant today

1) Medicine men

They are also referred to as healers, herbalists or traditional doctors.

They identified illness and their causes.

They identified appropriate treatment and prevention measures for the illness.

They averted the effects of a curse.

They offered sacrifices and prayers to God and the ancestors.

They prepared charms for protection against witchcraft and evil spirits.

They gave medicine to increase fertility in both people and animals.

They acted as counselors, guiding people on all issues of life.

2) Relevance of Modern Society

Modern medicine has not fully displaced herbalists.

Medical doctors and scientific researchers today work side by side with traditional healers since herbs are used to make modern medicine.

Some people still believe that there are some illnesses that cannot be treated in hospitals hence; they turn to herbalists.

Some people also believe that medicine people who practice magic have the power to change their fate.

 

FORM TWO NOTES

 

GOD MEETS US IN JESUS CHRIST

  1. LUKE’S GOSPEL

INTRODUCTION

Matthew, Mark, Luke and John record the life of Jesus Christ and his ministry in the four Gospel books. We shall trace the life, and ministry of Jesus Christ as written by St Luke to Theophilus. St Luke was a medical doctor.

 

OLD TESTAMENT PROPHESIES ABOUT THE MESSIAH

Introduction: Read 2 Samuel 7:13, Isaiah 7:10-16

Messiah

Meaning: The word Messiah is from a Hebrew word meshiach, which means the anointed: thus a Messiah is one called, anointed and appointed by God to serve Him.

Prophecy:

A prophecy refers to a prediction of what will happen in future.

Messianic Prophecies: These are those predictions that were made by the prophets to describe the coming of a righteous King who will rule Israel according to God’s will.

The origin of the Messianic prophecies in the Bible starts with Prophet Nathan’s prophecy to King David.

 

 

 

NOTE:

The Roman ruled the Israelites before the birth of Jesus. They hated the Roman leadership and longed for somebody of their own to lead them into victory over the Roman rule.

The prophet of Israel (the Old Testament) communicated a message that God would send a messiah to bring all people into a lasting relationship with Him. The prophets who were sent had different ideas about the Messiah. Their ideas about the Messiah were different from the Jewish expectations – whereby they hoped for political King to lead them into victory over the Roman rule. But the prophets were talking about a religious one – to free them from sin.

Topic Outcomes

By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

  1. a) Explain the Old Testament prophecies about the coming of the Messiah.
  2. b) Relate the concept of the Messiah in the Old and New testaments.
  3. c) Explain the link between the Old and the New Testament
  4. d) Discuss the role of John the Baptist.

 

OLD TESTAMENT PROPHESIES ABOUT THE COMING OF THE MESSIAH.

(i) NATHAN’S PROPHECY (2 Samuel 7:3 – 17) and (Psalms 89: 20 – 38).

David proposed to build God a house. Nathan, the prophet was given a message (an oracle) for David. In this prophecy, God told Nathan to tell King David that:

God would ensure that the Kingdom of David would last forever.

An heir from David’s lineage would rule

David’s heir shall build a house for God’s name. God would establish the throne of his Kingdom forever.

David heir shall be God’s son and God shall be his father.

David house and Kingdom shall be established forever.

David died. But God’s mercy shall not depart from the heir of David. Hence the promise that the Kingdom of David, shall last forever referred to the messiah who was to come. David is an ancestor of

Christ.

(ii) ISAIAH’S PROPHECY – Isaiah 7: 10 – 16; 9: 1- 7; 61:1 –2; and 63.

In these readings, Isaiah prophesied that the Messiah would be:

Born of a virgin

A boy, born of a virgin and called ‘Emmanuel’ that is ” God with us”

A Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, The everlasting Father, and the Prince of Peace

The Spirit of God inside him

Anointed of God

Sent to preach the good news to the poor, to bring liberty to the captives, proclaim the year of favor from God.

Isaiah also prophesied that the Messiah would be the suffering servant (Isaiah 53)

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUFFERING SERVANT – ISAIAH 53

He would bear the sins of human kind

He was oppressed, afflicted, despised, and rejected of men

He bore suffering and disgrace submissively

He was mocked and spat on and wounded

He was innocent of sin and yet treated as a criminal.

He was pierced and wounded in the sides

He was crucified with thieves and made intercession for the sinners

He was buried in a rich man’s tomb.

iii. JEREMIAH’S PROPHECY- JEREMIAH 23: 5 – 6.

God promised to rise up a (branch) who shall:

Choose as King, a righteous descendant of David

Prosper

Rule wisely, do what is right, and just in the world

Execute justice on the earth

Ensure that Judah and Israel are safe and live in peace

Be called ‘the God our righteousness” – “The Lord our salvation’

What does the term a ‘righteous branch ‘means?

  1. MICAH’S PROPHESY, (MICAH 5: 1 – 5).

Micah prophesied that:

The Messianic King shall come from Bethlehem

He shall lead with authority

He will bring peace

  1. THE PSALMIST PROPHECY (Psalm 41:9 and 110:1 –2).

David spoke of

Betrayal by a close friend

Messiah is referred to as ‘the Lord’

The messiah shall rule/reign in the midst of enemies.

Summary

Nathan, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Psalmist prophecy (David) and Micah prophesied of a Messiah to come. The Jews expected a Messiah who would be a political leader, a victorious ruler and a King. They expected a

Messiah:

Who would lead his people into a time of great national power and prosperity;

In whose reign, there shall be no illness, no sorrow, no injustice,

In whose reign, there shall be no fear

In whose reign, land shall be filled with joy and peace

Who shall rule forever.

Revision questions

1) Describe the prophecy of Jeremiah concerning the Messiah

2) What does the term Messiah mean?

3) Highlight the Jewish expectations of the Messiah in the Old Testament?

4) Did Jesus Christ fulfill the O.T. prophecies concerning the Messiah? How?

5) Which prophets in the Old Testament prophesied about the expected Messiah?

THE CONCEPT OF THE MESSIAH IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

The concept of messiah is found in Luke 1:26 – 38; 2:1-23; 23:1 – 35; 24:50 – 51. The writer of Luke’s Gospel makes it clear that Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies concerning the coming of the Messiah. How did He do this? Well Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies because:

Jesus was born from the lineage of David (Mathew 1)

Angle Gabriel said the child to be born shall rule forever (Luke 1:32) Nathan’s prophecy

Jesus was born of Mary a Virgin, as pre told by Isaiah 7:14

Messiah is called Emmanuel, Isaiah’s prophecy. Mathew 1:18 – 25

Jesus was born in Bethlehem – Micah’s prophecy

The Messiah would be a ‘Son of David’ – Nathan, and Jeremiah prophesies. Jesus was referred to as a ‘Son of David’ (Luke 18:38)

Jesus would bring salvation said by Simeon during dedication of Jesus. Luke 2:29 – 32. This was a fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy.

Jesus referred to himself as the Messiah by reading the scroll. Isaiah61:1 – 2. And Luke 4: 18 – 19

Isaiah prophesied that the Messiah would perform miracles. Jesus performed many miracles.

The prophecy of the suffering servant (Isaiah 53) was fulfilled through the passion, death and crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

We see Jesus betrayed by one of his disciples – friend, fulfilling the Psalmist prophecy.

Note that the Jews in the New Testament expected a messiah who would deliver them from the rule of the Romans. Jews expected Jesus to be a political leader or king. However, Peter called him ‘the Christ of God’ (Luke 9:20). Matthew called him King of the Jews in chapter (2verse 2). Hence, Jesus came as a Spiritual Leader and King, and not as a political Leader / King.

Self-Assessment Questions

  1. What does the name Emmanuel mean?
  2. Explain the concept of the Messiah in the New Testament?

ANNUNCIATION OF THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST

Introduction

The parents of John the Baptist were Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth. Zechariah’s name meant ‘God has remembered’. Elizabeth’s name meant ‘God has sworn’.

John the Baptist

  1. The Annunciation – Read – Luke 1:5 – 25.

Zechariah was a priest. He and his wife Elizabeth were old, good and righteous people of God. But they did not have a child. They were barren. But God gave them a child, John the Baptist. His birth was announced to his father, Zechariah, when he was in the temple offering incense. An Angel appeared to Zechariah and told him that his prayers had been heard. His wife Elizabeth will bear a son. The angel said the child would be called John, which means that ‘God is gracious’. The child

Will be set aside to serve God.

Will be filled with the Holy Spirit

As an adult, John

Will be a Nazarite. He should neither cut his hair nor drink wine.

Shall turn many hearts of people to the Lord their God.

Shall also turn the hearts of the fathers to their children

Zachariah expressed unbelief to these words. Angel Gabriel told him that he shall be dumb until the fulfillment of the God’s words.

The Birth, Circumcision and Naming Of John the Baptist

Elizabeth brought forth a son. This brought great joy to her and Zachariah. The cousins and neighbors of Elizabeth wanted the Child to be named Zechariah after the father. But Elizabeth insisted on the name John. When Zechariah was asked to name the child, he wrote down the name John. On the 8th day, the child was named John as the angel had said. John was circumcised on the 8th day according to the Jewish traditions.

After naming his Child John, the mouth of Zechariah opened immediately and he started to speak. He sang a song – referred to as Benedictus in Luke 1:67 – 79. As he sung the Benedictus, Zechariah prophesied that God has:

Raised up a horn of salvation on the house of David

Remembered his covenant with Abraham

Zechariah said this about his Child John:

He shall be the prophet of the most high

The child/John shall prepare the way of the lord by

(i) Calling men to forgiveness

(ii) Showing men the light of salvation

(iii) Guiding people into peace.

 

THE ROLE OF JOHN THE BAPTIST

The role of John the Baptist is found in Isaiah 40: 3 – 5, Malachi 3:1, 4:5 – 6, and Luke 7: 20 – 35.

John the Baptist had an important role to play according to the Angel who announced his coming birth.

His role was to:

Be a Prophet with qualities of Elijah (see Malachi 3:1, 4:5)

Announce the good news to come just like Elijah did.

Be the link between the Old Testament and New Testament

Prepare the way for the Lord

Announce the coming of God’s reign that was near

Preach a baptism of repentance

Baptize with water

Introduce people and his disciples to the Messiah – Jesus Christ

Fulfill the Prophecy of Elijah that a messenger was sent before the coming of the Messiah John the Baptist was likened to Elijah.

Topic review questions

  1. Outline the qualities of John as described by angel Gabriel to Zechariah
  2. Why was John referred to as the second Elijah?
  3. What lessons do Christians learn from annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist?
  4. Describe the birth of John the Baptist

THE INFANCY AND EARLY LIFE OF JESUS – LUKE 1:26 – 38

  1. Angel Gabriel announces the birth of Jesus.

Angel Gabriel said that Mary would conceive and bear a child. Angel Gabriel called Mary ‘the highly favored one’. Mary was an ordinary virgin girl in Galilee engaged to marry Joseph, a descendant of David. The Angel said that Mary will bear (i) A Son (ii) called Jesus (which means God serves. (iii) The child shall be great (iv) He shall be called the son of the highest.

(v) He shall be given the throne of his father David (vi) He shall reign forever (vii) His kingdom will never end.

Read again and explain what angel Gabriel said concerning the child to be born to Mary?

  1. Mary visits Elizabeth. Luke 1:39-56

Angel Gabriel had told Mary that her cousin Elizabeth was also going to have a child. Mary went to visit her. The child in Elizabeth’s womb leaped when Mary greeted Elizabeth. The Holy Spirit revealed to Elizabeth that Mary is the mother of her Lord, the Messiah. Mary answered Elizabeth by singing the hymn “The Protector” in Psalm 121:3, The Love of God. Psalm 103:17, 98:3 The Magnificent. In this hymn Mary says:

Her soul magnifies the Lord.

The Lord has regarded the poor and those of low estate.

God’s mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation.

God humbles the proud and mighty, and exalts those of low estate (the lowly)

God has filled the hungry and sent the rich away empty

Through the magnificent, Mary, expresses her joy, gratitude and favor given to her and the world.

  1. The birth of Jesus Christ. Luke.2: 1 – 20

The birth of Jesus took place in Bethlehem, in Judea, during the reign of Augustus Caesar, a Roman Emperor. During that time, Rome was conducting a census of the people / citizens for the purpose of collecting taxes. The census was ordered by the emperor to determine payment of taxes. The method that Rome was using was counting. Joseph, of the house of David went to his hometown, called Bethlehem; for the census. Jesus was born during this time. He was wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in a manger because there was no accommodation in Bethlehem.

The first people to receive the news that a Savior was born were the shepherds. An angel announced the birth of the Savior, Christ the lord, to the shepherds. The shepherds went to Bethlehem and saw the child Jesus. They spread the word concerning what had been told them about the child.

How was the annunciation of the birth of Jesus extraordinary?

  1. The dedication of JESUS – LUKE.2: 22 – 38

Like John the Baptist, Jesus was circumcised, and named on the 8th day. He was named Jesus which means ‘the savior’ or Yahweh or save’s. Mary and Joseph observed the Jewish customs according to the Law of Moses. For her purification and dedication of the child Jesus, Mary brought a pair of turtledoves as an offering. The fist born males were dedicated to God as Holy. Simeon took the child up in his arms for dedication and said that:

“The child is set for the fall and rising of many in Israel. A Sword will pierce Mary’s soul on account of the child.” Prophet Anna also came to the temple and prophesied that the child shall bring deliverance.

  1. Jesus at the Temple Luke 2:42 – 52

The parents of Jesus Mary and Joseph went to Jerusalem every year for the feast of the Passover. When Jesus was 12, he accompanied them to Jerusalem. After the feast the parents went home without realizing that their child, Jesus was not with them. But while on the way, they realized he was not amongst them.

They returned to Jerusalem, and looked for him for 3 days. They found him sitting in the temple; listening and asking teacher’s questions. All those who were in the temple were astonished by his wisdom and intelligence. It is in the temple that Jesus is revealed, first as a true son of his people and also as light and salvation for all people. On being questioned by Mary and Joseph, Jesus answered thus:

”Didn’t you know I had to be in my Father’s house, about my Father’s business?” This was an echo of Malachi 3:1 “the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to his temple”.

Answer these questions

1 Trace occasions when angels appeared to people in the New Testament

2 How did Jesus follow the customs and traditions of the Jewish people?

Answers

  1. Occasions when angels appeared to people in the New Testament

(a) Angel appeared to Zechariah to announce birth of John the Baptist

(b) Angel appeared to Mary to announce the birth of Jesus Christ

(c) Angels appeared to the shepherds on the night Jesus was born

(d) Angel appeared to Joseph in a dream warning him to flee to Egypt with the child and Mary

  1. How Jesus followed the customs and traditions of the Jewish people

(i) He was named on the 8th day

(ii) He was circumcised on the 8th day

(iii) His parents took him to the temple for the annual cerebrations of the. Passover

(iv) He went to the synagogue

(v) In his dedication as a first male, his parents offered the sacrifices expected from them.

Topic Review Questions

  1. Explain events leading to the birth of Jesus
  2. Describe the meeting between Mary and Elizabeth
  3. Describe the birth of Jesus
  4. Explain the dedication of JESUS
  5. Describe Jesus at the Temple

 

THE GALILEAN MINISTRY – LUKE 3-8

John the Baptist and Jesus Christ

THE PREACHING OF JOHN THE BAPTIST (Luke3: 1 – 20)

John the Baptist preached about:

  1. Baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. Baptism means to dip in water’. Repentance means ‘change of heart/mind, turning around. Baptism was a symbol of repentance, which means a total change heart/mind, a confession of sins). Baptism of water was a preparation of the baptism of fire and Holy Spirit by Jesus.
  2. He warned people of God’s coming Judgment. The religious leaders stressed outward observance of the law rather than inner righteousness. John the Baptist told them to bear fruits worthy of repentance.

He told them to live righteous lives and not as hypocrites (brood of vipers). Religious leaders also assumed that since they were descendants of Abraham, God would not punish them. He warned them that God could raise descendants of Abraham from stones.

  1. c) He announced the coming of the Messiah as Judge. John the Baptist became famous that some thought he is the promised messiah. He however pointed to a messiah who will not baptize with water but with the Holy Ghost and fire (Jesus Christ).
  2. d) He preached on social justice. He taught, emphasized, advised:

That those who have should share with those who do not have

The need for fairness and honesty for example tax collectors not to collect more than what was required.

That soldiers should not to abuse their power by accusing others falsely, robbing. They were told to be content with their wages.

e). He condemned King Herod’s immoral behavior. King Herod had married Herodians – his own brother’s wife. Herod imprisoned John the Baptist and this led to his death (Luke 3 v.22)

What does the term social justice mean?

Find the answer in (d).

Summary of the teachings of John the Baptist

He taught on repentance and forgiveness of sins.

He warned people of God’s coming judgment.

He announced the coming of the messiah who would be judge.

He preached on social justice. Those who have should share with the poor.

He emphasized the need for fairness and honesty.

He warned against abuse of power by those in power and authority.

He condemned taking of bribes, corruption and over taxation.

He condemned sexual immorality (adultery).

Relevance of the teachings of John the Baptist to Christians today

The teachings challenge Christians to be fair, honest, and just in their dealings with other people.

Christians should avoid being hypocritical to one another. Christians need to know that God will judge them for their wrongdoing. Hence Christian should repent their sins sincerely and seek forgiveness.

Christians should warn non-believers of the coming judgment. They should preach against evils without fear; and avoid corruption, and sexual immorality. Christians should live together in harmony. Baptism was important to Christians.

 Group activity

Read Luke and find out how John the Baptist was killed, why and by whom

THE BAPTISM OF JESUS AND ITS RELEVANCE TODAY

When Jesus was around 30 years of age, He went to be baptized by John the Baptist. Jesus was the last to be baptized. Although he did not need to repent as He did not sin; He nevertheless was baptized even though He was without sin. When he was baptized, the heaven opened and the Holy Ghost descended on Him in the form of a dove.

At the same time, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased”.

  1. Reasons why Jesus was baptized. He was baptized because:
  2. Jesus wanted to show his approval of John’s Ministry of baptism
  3. Jesus accepted the work of redemption of human kind to be completed through suffering and death
  4. Jesus identified himself with the sinful humankind who needed redemption through baptism
  5. Jesus carried all the sins of humankind (baptized last)
  6. He wanted to carry sins of people/humankind upon himself in order to bring about reconciliation between people and God.
  7. God can confirm to the people that Jesus Christ was the messiah (Ps 2:7)
  8. It was an act of preparing those who were ready to receive the Messiah.
  9. Baptism was a way of fulfilling the Old Testament prophecy.
  10. Relevance or the Importance of the baptism of Jesus to Christians

1) Christians practice baptism. They follow example of Jesus baptism. There are many forms of baptism such as full immersion in water, sprinkling of water on the forehead, partial immersion (head only) and passing under a flag.

2) Christians teach importance of baptism. It qualifies a new convert to become a member of Christian fellowship.

3) Through baptism, Christians receive the power of the Holy Ghost.

4) Through baptism, Christians identify themselves with Jesus Christ and all that he stands for.

5) Baptism unites Christians in the body of Christ.

6) Baptism is a symbol of death and resurrection. In some denominations, the baptized are given new names of other Christians and Jews.

7) Baptism signifies the forgiveness of sins

Through baptism one is considered a child of God.

9) Baptism is a form of preparation for the kingdom of God.

10) Baptism is a sign of Christ’s forgiveness of sins.

Lesson Revision questions

  1. What is the relevance of john the Baptist teaching to Christians today?
  2. Give reasons why Jesus accepted to be baptized
  3. Describe the baptism of Jesus
  4. What is the significance of the baptism of Jesus to Christians Today?

 

 

 

 

TEMPTATIONS OF JESUS: RELEVANCE TO CHRISTIANS TODAY

  1. The temptations of Jesus (Luke 4:1 – 13). Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit returned from Jordan into the desert. Like Elijah, Moses, He ate and drank nothing for 40 days and nights. He was hungry after 40 days.

It is at this time of weakness when the devil tempted Him.

First temptation

The devil told Jesus to proof that He was the Son of God by turning the stones to become bread. Jesus however replied that it is written man does not live on bread alone to sustain him but on everything that the Lord says (Deut 8:3). Satan was telling Jesus to use his Messianic power and Spirit to obtain material security for himself and his followers for selfish, materialistic purposes.

What can we learn from this temptation? Jesus was not seeking to establish a material paradise on earth.

 Second temptation

The devil led Jesus up to a high place (High Mountain) and showed Him in an instant all the Kingdoms of the world. He told Him that he would give Him all their authority and splendor, if He bows and worships Satan. Jesus replied… it is written worship the Lord your God and serve him only. Do not worship other gods (Deut.6: 13-14). Satan wanted Jesus to use Godly power and influence. This was Idolatry i.e. worshipping other gods.

What can we learn from this temptation? Jesus did not come to seek a worldwide political military reign as many Jews expected Him to do.

Third Temptation

The Devil led Jesus to Jerusalem and had Him stand on the highest point of the temple. He told Jesus to throw Himself down if He was the Son of God for it is written that the Lord will command angels to guard him (Psalm 91:11 – 12). Jesus replied and said it is written, do not put the Lord your God to the test. Satan wanted Jesus to presume on God’s good care by jumping from the roof of the temple.

What can we learn from this temptation? Jesus will not force belief in His Messiah ship through a spectacular sign.

Notice that the temptations came after Jesus’ Baptism, where he had solemnly accepted the opening of his public ministry and God confirmed it. Therefore the temptations were a testing of his loyalty to God’s chosen way of life.

  1. Relevance of Jesus temptations to Christians

Jesus, though without sin was tempted. His followers must expect to be tested in their faith. Christians learn that it is not sinful to be tempted. Since Jesus was tempted, he understands Christian’s difficulties when they are tempted. Jesus is always ready to help Christians to cope with temptations.

Why do you think Christians are tempted?

Through temptations and trials, Christian’s faith in God is strengthened. Christians learn to refer to the Bible for guidance when tempted. Jesus said that it is written… in reference to scripture. Christians should seek the Holy Spirit to give them strength to fight any form of trials and temptations.

Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit went to the wilderness and was tempted by the devil. In temptation, God does provide a way out. Thus followers of Jesus Christ (Christians) should not be seekers of spectacular signs.

 

REJECTION OF JESUS AT NAZARETH

After the temptation, Jesus went to Galilee, His home district to begin his ministry. As a faithful Israelite, Jesus attended service in the synagogue every Sabbath day. During that time, it was customary for visiting Rabbis (Teachers of the law) to be given the honor of reading from the law or to address the congregation. When Jesus was given this opportunity, He opened the scroll and read from Isaiah 61: 1 –

3 …’The Sovereign Lord has filled me with his spirit. He has chosen me and sent me.’ Luke writes in 4 v 18 “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he has chosen me to bring good news to the poor”. On completion of the reading, Jesus told them that today this scripture has been fulfilled in their hearing. From this reading Jesus referred to himself as the Messiah. The people of Nazareth in indignation wanted to kill Jesus by throwing him over a cliff.

  1. Possible Reasons for Rejection. Jews of Nazareth rejected Jesus because one, they knew him as the son of Mary and Joseph. They did not know Him as the Son of God. Two, Jesus did not fit into the idea of

a political King that the Jews were expecting. They were waiting for a King with an army and horses.

Three, Jesus preaching was seen as being against that of Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees: the religious leaders at that time. Four, Jesus pointed out evils of religious leaders. Five, a leader is never accepted at home especially in a superior or senior position. Six, Jesus did not follow the general rules of the Mosaic Law. These were fasting, healing and working on the Sabbath day. Worse still Jesus associated Himself with Jewish outcasts such as sinners, and the sick.

Discussion question

  1. What are the possible reasons for rejection of Jesus at Nazareth?

Answers

(i) He was known by people as son of Mary and Joseph

(ii) He did not fit in the idea of a political king that Jews were expecting

(iii) Often times one is not accepted at home and at a senior position

(iv) He did not follow the general rules of the law of Moses

(v) He associated with sinners, and outcasts

HEALING AT CAPERNAUM

  1. Jesus’ healing at Capernaum LK. 4:31 – 44

After his rejection in Nazareth and an attempt to throw him down a hill, Jesus went on to Capernaum. Here he cast out demons (Luke 4: 40 – 41). He was teaching people. He performed many miracles of healing.

For example:

  1. Healing a man possessed by an evil spirit. A man was possessed by an unclean demon/spirit. He was in the synagogue. When he saw Jesus, the evil spirit shouted, “Ah! What do you want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are, the Holy one of God” (Luke 4:34). Jesus replied, “Be silent and come out of him.” The Demon threw the man down and came out without doing any harm. The man was made whole.
  2. Jesus heals Simon’s mother – in law. After Jesus left the synagogue, he went to the house of Simon Peter’s mother in law. She had a fever, Jesus commanded the fever to leave and she was made whole immediately.

Which lessons do Christians learn from the healings at Capernaum?

There are many lessons. These are that

1) Jesus is the son of God

2) Jesus came to establish the Kingdom of God and destroy the kingdom of Satan.

3) Jesus has power over evil spirits / demons.

4) Jesus came to save human beings from the slavery of sin

5) God cares for his people.

THE CALLING OF THE FIRST DISCIPLES

Luke 5: 1 – 11

Introduction

A disciple is a learner, a student or a follower. Learners followed a master so as to learn about religious matters. Disciples were followers of Christ.

Rabbis, these were teachers of law. They had special schools where they taught law. In these schools, learning was by memorization and repetition what students heard from the rabbis.

The disciples of Jesus did not memorize. They learnt by observation. They were witnesses – and they spoke what they heard and described or explained what they saw.

Call of the first disciples

Jesus entered into Simon’s ship and started to teach people who were there. Later, He told Simon to “push off a little from the shore”. Jesus sat in the boat and taught the crowd. After speaking, he told Simon, and his partners James and John; “Push the boat out further to the deep water…and let down your nets for a catch of fish”. Simon told Jesus that they had toiled all night, and caught nothing. But if you say so, I will let down the nets. Simon obeyed. They let down the nets and caught a multitude of fish. They called for assistance from other fishermen. When Simon Peter saw this, he told Jesus “Go away from me, Lord! I am a sinful man!” Jesus said to Simon “Don’t be afraid, from now on you will be catching people”. On getting to the shore, Peter and his friends James and John sons of Zebedee forsook all and followed Jesus

Thus the first disciples of Jesus were Simon Peter; James and John.

Lessons from the call of the first disciples

1) God can choose anybody to serve him regardless of his or her social status.

2) God still calls people to serve him in various capacities as evangelists, pastors and others.

3) Those called should repent their sins as Peter did

4) Christians should trust in God – Simon Peter trusted Jesus and cast his nets even though they had caught no fish from the same spot.

5) God can intervene in people’s lives through miracles (miraculous catch of fish)

6) Christians should work together as a team. Fishermen worked together.

7) There is hope for those who follow Jesus. He told them ‘follow me and I will make you fishers of men’

God reveals himself to people in everyday activities as Jesus revealed himself to Simon Peter, and his friends James and John through fishing.

9) Christian’s vocation may require renunciation of family ties and occupations or a change of life.

10) Those called to serve God are expected to be humble

OPPOSITION IN GALILEE

Jesus ministry consisted of teaching, healing and doing many miracles. Because of this work, Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees, Sadducees and Scribes. These were Jewish religious leaders.

  1. Opposition by Pharisees and Sadducees. Luke 5:12- 6:11

Why did Jewish religious leaders; the Pharisees, Scribes and the Sadducees oppose Jesus? There were many reasons for Jewish opposition to Jesus. These were:

1) Jesus was becoming more famous than the religious leaders

2) His claim to forgive sins. This was reserved only for God.

3) His association with tax collectors / publicans and sinners. For example, Jesus ate with Levi.

4) His failure to observe the law of fasting. Jesus disciples did not fast like the disciples of the Pharisees and John the Baptist.

5) Doing what religious leaders regarded as unlawful things on the Sabbath day. For example,

  1. Eating on Sabbath with unwashed hands (disciples),
  2. Plucking corn on the Sabbath day
  3. Working. Jesus healed on the Sabbath day. This was considered as work, which was unlawful. Jesus healed a man with a paralyzed hand on the Sabbath day.
  4. Touching the unclean. Jesus reached out his hand and touched a leper and healed him. Religious leaders were not allowed to touch the unclean lepers.
  5. Associating with tax collectors who were regarded as sinners because they were corrupt. They collected more tax than the required amount. Jesus was supposed not to associate with them or support them in any way.

Who were the Pharisees? These were:

Referred to as the ‘separated ones’

Religious leaders who expected people to respect and honor them.

Pious leaders and wanted everybody to recognize them.

Rich Jews and looked at their riches as blessings from God.

Called ones and thought of themselves as the ‘righteous’ ones.

Popular to the poor who respected them

Characteristics of Pharisees

  1. They believed in the Law of Moses and accepted the first five books of the Bible as God inspired. They insisted on strict observance of the law.
  2. They upheld and insisted on the observance of the oral traditions of the elders.
  3. They followed strictly 632 distinct rules and regulations broken down from the Ten Commandments
  4. They believed in the teachings of the prophets and other writings of the Old Testament.
  5. They passed religious traditions of the Jews from generation to generation and regarded this as a duty or obligation.
  6. They believed in the existence of angels and regarded them as intermediaries between God and human beings.
  7. They believed in the existence of demons and Satan
  8. They believed in and waited for the Messiah of God to come
  9. The believed in the resurrection of the dead
  10. The believed in the judgment of God at the end of time for all human kind
  11. They were strong nationalists and political leaders who resisted all foreign influences and power.

Who were the Scribes?

The word Scribe means ‘a writer. The work of a scribe was to rewrite by hand – new manuscripts of the Jewish scriptures. The copied the word exactly as it was. The scribes were either Pharisees or Sadducees.

At the time of Jesus, majority of the Scribes were associated with the Pharisees. A scribe was also a ‘Rabbi’ – teacher. Some scribes managed schools called ‘Rabbinical Schools’. In these schools, Jewish male youth learnt the Mosaic Law from the age of 13 years. Scribes were represented in the Jewish religious council called the Sanhedrin. Sanhedrin was the Jewish Court of Justice, which tried those who committed religious sins.

Who were the Sadducees?

Sadducees were the wealthy people. They were an influential group. These were the majority in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish Court of Justice. The poor hated them. They were also members of the Jerusalem priesthood. The chief priests were mainly drawn from the Sadducees. They believed in the divine authority of the Law of Moses and the Pentateuch’s first five Books of the bible. They believed that Moses wrote the first 5 books of the Bible. They regarded all the other books in the Old Testament as not divinely inspired. Hence they rejected them. They rejected and did not believe in (a) The resurrection of the dead (b) Last judgment (c) Coming of the Messiah (d) Angels and demons and (e) the oral traditions of the Pharisees. They were enemies of the Pharisees particularly because of religious matters. However, they joined with the Pharisees and Scribes to oppose Jesus Christ.

 

THE SERMON ON THE PLAIN (Luke. 6:12–16, 27– 49)

Review

In the previous section, we learnt that Jesus chose His apostles. He came down the hill and stood on a level place. He gave a sermon to those present. This address is referred to as the sermon on the plain in Luke’s Gospel.

The people had come to hear Jesus’ word to receive healing and for Jesus to exercise unclean spirits from them. In the sermon, Jesus talked of the characteristics of the new community. All those who would listen to His word would be the “New Israel”.

Selection of 12 disciples (Luke. 6:12 – 16)

Jesus went into a mountain to pray. In the morning, he called his disciples. From them, he selected 12 disciples, whom he also called apostles. Apostle means one who is sent, a missionary. The 12 disciples where: (1) Simon Peter (2) Andrew (3) James (4) John (5) Phillip (6) Bartholomew (7) Mathew (Levi) (8) Thomas (9) James son of Alpheus (10) Simon who was called the Patriot (11) Judas son of James and

(12) Judas Iscariot who became the traitor (Luke vs. 14-16)

Jesus teachings’ on true discipleship

Jesus taught that a follower or disciple of Christ should:

(a) Have unshakeable faith

(b) Be obedient to God’s word

(c) Be self-critical/analytical/self-searching

(d) Be kind, loyal, objective, fair, and generous

(e) Accept others without discrimination.

(f) Be a disciple and show concern for others.

 

 

The Sermon on the plain (Luke 6: 17 – 49)

The Sermon on the plain is a lecture or lesson that Jesus gave to “ a large number of his disciples and a large crowd of people who had come from Judea, Jerusalem, tyre, and Sidon. They came to listen to the sermon of Jesus and to be healed of diseases, evil spirits. The purpose of the sermon was to teach the crowd the meaning of following Christ. Jesus covered 6 beatitudes or topics in his sermon. These are.

1) Blessings and woes – beatitudes (2) Love for enemies (3) Judging others (4) Giving to the needy (5) A tree and its fruits (6) Wise and foolish builders – hearing and doing the words of Jesus.

We shall now discuss each of these beatitudes in detail.

  1. Blessings and woes. Jesus taught that:

(i) Blessed are the poor for theirs is the Kingdom of God.

(ii) Blessed are the hungry for they shall be filled

(iii) Blessed are those who weep now for they shall laugh

(iv) Blessed are those who men shall hate, reject, reproach for the sake of Christ’s for their great reward is kept in heaven.

(v) Woe to those who are rich, for they have already received their reward.

(vi)  Woe to those who are full for they shall go hungry

(vii) Woe to those who laugh now for they shall mourn and weep

(viii) Woe to those whom people speak well, for ancestors said the same about the false prophets.

Those who accept to be followers of Christ are promised blessings while those who reject Christ are to suffer in future.

  1. Love your enemies. Luke. 6: 27 – 36.

Love is often defined as a warm feeling / affection towards somebody or something. Jesus taught his followers to love their enemies and do well to those who hate you. Bless those who curse you. Pray for those who mistreat you. Do unto men as you expect them to do unto you. Lend also to your enemies. Love your enemies and do well to them. Lend and expect nothing back. Be merciful.

From these teachings, true discipleship of Jesus Christ:

  1. a) Entails unconditional love even for enemies
  2. b) Doing good without expecting any returns
  3. c) Praying for those who mistreat us
  4. d) Showing love to our enemies by exhibiting God’s love in us.
  5. e) Is love; because those who love are children of the most high who is kind and merciful to the sinners?

(3) Judging others Luke. 6: 37– 42

Jesus taught his followers not to judge others lest they are also judged. They should not condemn others lest they are also condemned. He asked disciples to forgive others and they shall also be forgiven. True discipleship requires acknowledging one’s shortcomings and avoiding criticism of others.

(4) Giving to the needy.

A true disciple should share what they have with the needy. Those who share shall be rewarded. He also said that the blind couldn’t lead the blind. There is a master and a follower. The disciple is not above his master.

(5) A tree and its fruits.

A healthy tree bears good fruits. A poor tree bears poor fruit. Neither does a corrupt tree bring forth good fruits. A tree is known by its fruits. Followers of Christ are evident to others by their actions. They are not hypocritical or fault finding.

(6) Wise and foolish builders.

A wise builder digs a deep foundation on a rock. When floods come, the house is able to stand. A foolish builder builds his house upon the sand. Without a foundation, when floods come, the house falls and is ruined. Wise builders are those who hear the word of God and do what is required. Those who do not adhere to the teachings are the unwise builders. True discipleship entails obedience to the teachings of Jesus Christ.

 

 

 

Relevance of the lessons of the Sermon on the Plain to Christian Life

Christians are urged to love even those that hate them. The challenges that followers of Christ encountered in the New Testament are not different from those that Christians experience today.

Christians should forgive others, share with the needy, avoid judging others, and follow the teachings of Christ.

Lesson Revision questions

  1. Give the main teaching of Jesus on the sermon on the plain
  2. What is the relevance of the (beatitudes) sermon on the plain to Christians today?

 

JESUS’ WORKS OF COMPASSION

In this lesson, Jesus’ works of compassion is discussed. These include the works of mercy for those in distress and pity for the suffering. Jesus’ mission lays its foundation in these works of compassion, because He came to establish the kingdom of God by conquering all forms of suffering caused by Satan.

Compassion is a feeling of empathy for other people’s sufferings. It’s being merciful, showing concern and affection for others.

  1. Examples of Jesus work of compassion. There are many examples of compassion
  2. i) Healing of the centurion’s servant (Luke 7:1 – 10)

Centurion is an officer in charge of 100 men. Jesus healed the servant of a Roman soldier and a Gentile.

The Centurion showed love and concern for his servant. The centurion sent Jewish elders to Jesus with a request to heal his servant. The leaders said ‘this man deserves to have you do this, because he loves our nation and has built our synagogue’ (Luke 7:5). Jesus agreed and went with the elders. But before Jesus reached the centurion’s house, the centurion sent his friends to stop him from coming to his house. He said that he was not worthy to have Jesus under his roof. He said that he was a man of authority. Hence Jesus could give an order and the servant would be healed. On hearing this, Jesus declared to the crowd ‘I tell you, I have not found such great faith even in Israel’. When the men returned, they found the servant well.

Lessons Christians can learn from the healing of the centurion servant.

  1. Faith in God is important for healing to occur
  2. We should confess our faith in Jesus. The centurion declared his faith in Jesus by saying he believed that Jesus could heal his servant by his word.
  3. Christians should have compassion like Jesus. He took compassion on the servant and was ready to go and heal him.
  4. Salvation was not for Jews alone, but for all who believed in Jesus. Centurion was not a Jew but a gentile officer in the Roman army. But he had faith in Jesus healing.
  5. Christians should love each other regardless of their background or social status – the centurion loved his servant dearly.
  6. Christians should learn to relate well with all around them – the centurion related well with the Jewish elders and others.
  7. Jesus has power to heal any form of sickness.
  8. ii) The raising of the widows son – Luke 7:11 – 17.

 A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. The widow was of the city of Nain. When Jesus neared the gates of the city, he saw the funeral procession of the widow’s son, the only son of his mother. Jesus had compassion on the widow and told her ‘weep not’. Jesus then touched the casket and said ‘young man I say unto you, arise’. The dead sat up and began to speak. All the people were filled with fear and glorified God, saying God has visited his people.

Lessons Christians learn from the raising of the widow’s son

1) Jesus has power over death

2) Jesus empathizes with the suffering

3) Acts of love should not be hindered by traditions – Jesus touched the casket even though Jewish traditions forbid it.

4) The Widow of Nain was a gentile. This is a sign that salvation was universal.

5) The crowd acknowledged Jesus’ lordship; Christians should acknowledge the lordship of Jesus.

What are the practices pertaining to the disposal of the dead in your culture and community?

iii) Assurance to John the Baptist (Luke 7:20 – 30).

A question arose whether Jesus Christ was the Messiah. John the Baptist wanted to assure his disciples that Christ; was the expected messiah: and not him (John the Baptist). He sent his disciples to Jesus to ask “if you are the one he said was going to come, or if we should expect someone else?”(Vs. 20). Jesus told the disciples of John to go back and tell John of the miracles works they saw and heard. Jesus then gave a testimony of John the Baptist as a prophet, whose life and missions is beyond that of ordinary prophets. Jesus testified that John the Baptist; was the forerunner or messenger of Jesus Christ: as the prophets in the Old Testament had written. The Pharisees and the publicans (teaches of the law) however rejected the testimony about John the Baptist. They had refused to be baptized by John. Those baptized by John the Baptist, the tax collectors acknowledged the testimony of Jesus. Jesus rebuked the Pharisees and teachers of law for their hypocrisy.

In what ways were the Pharisees and teaches of law hypocritical?

  1. iv) The forgiveness of the sinful woman (Luke 7: 36 – 50)

Jesus was invited by one of the Pharisees called Simon to his house to dine with him. In that city, there was a sinful woman. She went to the house of Simon when she learnt that Jesus was in the Pharisees house. She brought with her an alabaster jar full of perfume. She stood behind Jesus. She was weeping and washing his feet with her fears. She then wiped the tears from the feet of Jesus with her hair, kissed his feet, and anointed them with oil (an alabaster box of ointment). When Simon, the host saw this he said within himself, ‘if this man was a prophet, he would know who this woman is who is touching him” a sinful woman. Jesus told Simon a parable of a man who forgave two people that owed him money – one 500, the other 50. Jesus asked which of the two debtors would love him most. Simon said the one that was forgiven much, Jesus then told Simon that when he came to his house, Simon did not give him water for his feet; neither did he welcome Jesus with a kiss; nor provide him with olive oil. But the woman washed his feet with her tears, and wiped them with her hair. She also kissed his feet. Jesus told the people that her sins, being many are forgiven for she loved much. Jesus turned to the woman and told her ‘thy sins are forgiven’. ‘Thy faith has saved thee, go in peace’. The people who were eating with

Jesus murmured. Who was Jesus? He forgives sins.

Lessons from the forgiveness of the sinful woman

  1. The Jews believed that by associating with sinners, one becomes virtually defiled. Jesus however allowed the sinful woman to touch him.
  2. By her actions, the woman acknowledged that she was a sinner, and repented. This was in contrast to the Pharisees who were self-righteous and therefore did not repent.
  3. The Woman’s great love for Jesus led to her being forgiven of her sins.
  4. Christians need to accept their sinful nature and seek forgiveness from God.
  5. Faith in Jesus is necessary.

Summary

Jesus is accepted women to be his followers unlike the Jewish customs which viewed women as lesser than men. Other women that played a key role in the ministry of Jesus include Mary Magdalene, Joann Joanna and Susanna among many others.

Lesson Revision questions

  1. What role do women play in the church ministry?
  2. Narrate the story of the forgiveness of the sinful woman (Lk 7: 36, 8:3)
  3. What lessons do you learn from the above story?
  4. Describe the story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain (Lk 7: 11-17)

Answers

Women play many roles in the church ministry. Some of these are:

(i) Carrying out duties of pastors, bishops, and deacons

(ii) Management. Some are heads of the women groups

(iii) Leading in church service

(iv) Participating as church ushers, choir singers, and youth leaders

(v) Attending church. Women are part of the congregations

 

JESUS TEACHING IN PARABLES (LK. 8: 4- 21)

Introduction

Jesus used parables to teach. A parable is a Greek word. It means comparing or ‘putting side by side’ in order to understand. A parable is defined as a short story or description, which teaches something or answers some questions. It is an allegory – an earthly story with a hidden or heavenly meaning.

  1. Use of parables. Jesus used parables in his teachings in order to explain unfamiliar messages in a language that his hearers could understand. Other reasons were because Jesus wanted to:

1) Provoke critical thinking

2) Make the audience understand issues from a different point of view

3) Explain the nature of the kingdom of God by giving real life examples.

4) Explain the nature of God. The parables brought out the attributes of an invisible God. For example, the parable of the prodigal son who had been lost

5) Attract the attention of his audiences so that they could listen and understand.

6) Make people understand how they should relate to one another. Read the parable of the good Samaritan

7) Teach God’s love to mankind the parable of the lost sheep, lost coin.

Separate / identify those who were sincere in seeking the kingdom of God from the onlookers.

9) Challenge the imagination of his hearers since entry to God’s kingdom was a personal decision.

10) Make an indirect attack on his opponents like the Pharisees, the scribes and the Sadducees.

11) Teach his disciples that they should be persistent and never be discouraged.

12) Make his teachings interesting and easy to understand.

  1. The parable of the sower Lk 8:4 – 15

Jesus told this parable to the crowd that followed him. He said that a farmer went out to sow corn. He scattered seeds in the field. As he did so, some of them fell on the path, and they were trampled on and eaten by birds. Other seeds fell on the rock ground. When they germinated, they withered because they lacked moisture. Some seed fell among thorns bushes. They grew with bushes, which choked them as they grew. Some other seeds fell on fertile soil. They grew up in fertile soil and their yield was100 seed for each seed sown.

Meaning or interpretation of the parable

Jesus gave the meaning of the parable to his disciples. He said that the seed is the word of God.

  1. Seed that fell on the path represents people who hear the word of God, and then the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts so that they do not believe. Such listeners are like the seeds that fell on the path. They hear the word but soon after the devil take away the message to stop them from believing and being saved.
  2. Seed that fell on the rocky ground are people who receive the word with joy but it does not stay with them. They believe for a while but when faced with trials and temptations they stop believing and fall away.

iii. Seed that fell on the thorny bushes stands for people who receive the word. However, they fail to follow their beliefs because of interference by life’s worries, riches and pressures of the world. They fail to mature as believers.

  1. Seed that fell on the good soil are those people with a noble and good heart. They hear the word, and retain it in their hearts. Such people persevere and produce good harvest.
  2. Interpretation. The different types of soil in this parable refer to different kinds of Hearts of people.

The farmer is Jesus, God or Preacher. We learn that:

One should not despair and

It’s important to receive the word of God, practice it and persevere so as to bear fruits.

  1. The parable of a lamp under a bowl (Lk.8: 16 – 18).

Jesus taught that no one lights a lamp, then covers it with a bowl or hide it under a bed. When one lights a lamp, they put it on the lamp stand so as to illuminate a room and for people to see the light. For whatever is hidden or covered up shall be revealed. In this parable Jesus is the light. The disciples had a duty to pass on to others messages they had learnt from Jesus. They should not keep messages to themselves. Interpretation from this parable of a lamp under a bowl, we learn that:

  1. A Christian has a duty to share the knowledge of God with others
  2. One cannot be a Christian if this knowledge is hidden

iii. Those who do not share may lose their beliefs.

  1. Jesus mother and brothers. Luke 8:19 – 21

The mother of Jesus and brothers came to see him. Someone told Jesus that they were there. He told the crowd. “My mother and brothers are those who hear the word of God and obey “. Accepters and believers are the members of the family of Jesus.

Lesson Revision Questions

  1. Give reasons why Jesus used parables
  2. Identify various methods used by Christians in spreading the gospel today
  3. Discuss the reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Jewish leaders.

 

MIGHTY WORKS OF JESUS

Jesus continued to do miracles; and teach. His work is referred to as the mighty works of Jesus in various books. Miracles can be defined as acts of power whose purpose is to establish the kingdom of God.

Miracles can also mean extraordinary events that go against the laws of nature.

  1. Categories / types of miracles

Jesus performed four types of miracles. These were:

1) Nature miracles – miracles that dealt with nature e.g. calming of the storm

2) Raising of the dead e.g. Jairus daughter

3) Healing miracles – healing Simon’s mother in law of fever, healing of the woman with the flow of blood.

4) Exorcism miracles – casting out of evil spirits e.g. the Gerasene demonic

  1. i) The calming of the storm

One day, Jesus entered a boat with his disciples to go across Lake Galilee. As they sailed Jesus was asleep in the ship. Suddenly, there was a strong wind and the boat began to sink. The disciples woke him up saying, “Master, we are about to die”. Jesus woke up and gave an order to the winds and the raging waters. They obeyed and there was calm. He then said to his disciples ‘where is your faith?’ Disciples were afraid and amazed and wondered, “Who is this man?” Winds and waves obey him.

This miracle teaches Christians to have faith and to depend on Jesus when they face raging temptations and persecutions. Jesus has power over nature.

  1. ii) Jesus Heals a Man with demons (Lk8: 26 – 39)

Jesus and his disciples sailed to Gerasa town across Lake Galilee. On arrival a man who had demons in him for a long time met Jesus. He lived naked in tombs, and wilderness. On seeing Jesus, he cried out, threw himself down at the feet of Jesus and shouted; “Jesus son of the Most High God! What do you want with me?” ” I beseech thee, torment me not’. Jesus had ordered the demons to go out of him.

Jesus asked him “what is your name?” He replied Legion or Mob. This was because the man had been possessed by many demons. The demons begged Jesus not to send them into the deep but to let them go into some pigs (swine) that were feeding by. Jesus allowed them and the devils went out of the man, into the pigs. The herd ran down the cliff into the lake and drowned. The herders run to the city and spread the news. The multitude found the man sitting at the feet of Jesus clothed, and in his right mind.

The multitude asked Jesus to leave their country region. The healed man wanted to follow Jesus but

Jesus declined and told him to go and tell others of the great things that God had done for him. The man went to town and told all “what Jesus had done for him”.

This miracle teaches Christians that:

  1. The mission of Jesus’ was universal.
  2. Jesus mission is to teach all the people irrespective of their race, tribe or geographical location. The demon man was healed in a Gentile area.
  3. Jesus has power over evil
  4. Powers of evil (demons) are real
  5. Human life is more valuable than man’s material things
  6. The demons – evil spirits identified Jesus as the Son of the most high
  7. Christians need to fight the power of evil SAQ. What were the causes of mental illness and spirit possession in traditional African society and in modern society?

iii) Jairus daughter is raised. Lk.8: 40 – 42, 49 – 56

Jairus was an official in the local synagogue. He begged Jesus to come to his house and heal his only daughter who was 12 was dying.

  1. iv) Woman with the flow of blood is Healed (Lk. 8:43 – 48)

When Jesus was on route to Jairus house, great crowds followed him and pressed him on either side.

Amongst them was a woman who had suffered from severe bleeding for 12 years. She consulted doctors and spent all her savings on physicians. But she was not cured. The society considered the woman unclean. It blamed her for her illness. She herself was embarrassed by her condition. This woman walked behind Jesus and she touched the hem of the garment of Jesus. Her bleeding stopped at once.

Jesus asked who touched me. Everyone denied it. Peter replied the multitude was around Jesus and it was difficult to know who had touched him. Jesus persisted someone touched him. The woman who had touched Jesus the woman came forward, and fell at his feet and confessed to all her sickness and explained why she touched Jesus and how she was healed at once. Jesus said to her “My daughter, your faith has made you well. Go in peace”.

Jairus daughter is raised. Lk.8: 40 – 42, 49 – 56

As Jesus was talking to her, Jairus was told that his little girl was dead. “Don’t bother the teacher anymore. Jesus told Jairus not to fear but to believe and she will be well. When he got to the house he went into the room with Peter, John and James and the parents of the girl. People around were weeping and wailing. But Jesus told them not to weep. She is not dead but asleep. They scorned and laughed at him for saying that she is asleep because they knew she was dead. Jesus took the girl by hand and called out “Get up, my child” – ‘little girl arise’. She immediately got up and Jesus ordered the parent to give her food. He commanded them not to tell what had happened.

Teachings from these two miracles

The miracle of raising Jairus daughter teaches Christians that Jesus is compassionate and the author of life. He has power over death, resurrection and life.

In the miracle of healing the Woman with the flow of blood:

  1. Jesus made her healing public. This was probably because He wanted to acknowledge the woman’s faith in the public. Jesus made it clear that her faith made her whole.
  2. Jesus wanted to challenge the cultural practices that kept women in bandage and could not participate in public life.
  3. Jesus made her healing public so that the community can receive her back and shall not isolate her again.

From this miracle of healing this woman, Christians learn that one; Jesus is the healer. He has power over all sicknesses even those without cure. Two, Christians should have faith in Jesus Christ.

Lesson Revision Questions

  1. Narrate the healing of the Gerasene demoniac Lk 8: 26-39
  2. What lessons can Christians learn from the healing of the demoniac man above?
  3. What do the miracles of Jesus teach us about him?
  4. Compare the raising of Jairus daughter and the healing of the woman with the flow of blood

Answers

A comparison of the raising of Jairus daughter and the healing of the woman with flow of blood

(i) Jairus daughter was 12 years old and the woman sick with the flow of blood had suffered for 12 years.

(ii) Jesus referred to both of them as daughter

(iii) Their situation – death and flow of blood did not have a cure

(iv) The public witnessed the miracle of the woman with the flow of blood.

(v) Jesus commanded Jairus to keep secret raising of his daughter

 

COMMISSIONING OF THE TWELVE DISCIPLES Lk 9:1 – 10

Introduction

Commission means to officially ask someone to do something.

Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

  1. Describe the commissioning of the twelve disciples.
  2. Explain the story of the feeding of the 5000
  3. Describe the transfiguration of Jesus
  4. Explain the teachings of Jesus on faith and humility.
  5. The commissioning of the twelve disciples

The twelve disciples or followers accompanied Jesus wherever he went. They were regarded as apostles.

An apostle comes from a Greek word ‘Apostols’ which means ‘send out’ one who is sent or a ‘missionary’. The commissioning of the 12 disciples meant that they were given four main duties, power and authority to:

  1. a) Exorcise or cast out demons
  2. b) Cure diseases
  3. c) Heal the sick
  4. d) Preach the Kingdom of God and proclaim the arrival of God’s Instructions. They were told to:
  5. i) Take nothing for the journey
  6. ii) Initiate attack on the forces of evil

iii) Depend entirely on God to take care of them

  1. iv) Take no stick, no beggars’ bag, no food, no money and not even an extra shirt for their journey
  2. v) Whatever house they entered they were to stay there until they leave the town.
  3. vi) If they were not welcomed, they were to leave that town and shake the dust off their feet as a warning to that city or town.

With these instructions, the disciples left and travelled to all villages preaching the Good News and healing people everywhere. King Herod was perplexed by the work of the disciples and he desired to see

Jesus.

  1. Feeding of the five thousand.

Please open your Bible and read Luke chapter 9. Verses 11-17)

After reading these verses, about feeding of the five thousand (5000) people we learn that

  1. Jesus is concerned about people’s physical needs
  2. Jesus demonstrated that he is the bread of life
  3. Jesus has divine power
  4. The Church has the duty of continuing to feed its followers both spiritually and physically.
  5. The feeding of the 5000 people points to the Messianic banquet
  6. Christians must learn to share whatever they have with one another
  7. From this miracle, Jesus expected his disciples to appreciate their responsibility. Their work was not only to preach and heal but also feed the hungry. Feeding was both physical and spiritual.

The personality of Jesus and his identity Lk. 9:18 – 27

When Jesus was alone with his disciples, he asked them who people say he is. The disciples told him that some say he is John the Baptist, others say he is Elijah and others say his one of the old prophets who have risen again. Jesus asked them who they, disciples say he is. Peter replied that he is Christ of God.

Jesus then told them not to tell people who he is for the Son of man has first to suffer many things be rejected by the elders chief, priests and scribes, be killed and be raised the third day. Jesus announced to the disciples of his passion (great sufferings) Jesus is the Christ (anointed) of God – Messiah as well as the son of man. A divine nature and a human nature. Jesus went on ahead to tell his disciples that they should deny themselves (self – denial) take up their cross daily and be ready to lose their lives for Jesus. However, great is the reward for the faithful.

 

THE TRANSFIGURATION (LK.9: 28 – 36)

A brief summary from the Bible

Transfiguration is change or transformation of form or appearance. Jesus was transformed in appearance when he took Peter, John and James to the mountain to pray. During the transfiguration,

Moses and Elijah came down from heaven to talk with Jesus about his coming death in Jerusalem.

Moses, Elijah and Jesus were in heavenly glory and glorious splendor. Peter, John and James were asleep. When they woke up, they saw Jesus’ glory. They also saw Elijah and Moses with Jesus. Peter suggested to Jesus that they build three tents for Jesus, Elijah and Moses. As he spoke a cloud overshadowed them. A voice from the cloud said ‘this is my son, whom I have chosen——– listen to him”. The cloud left and the disciples found themselves with Jesus. They kept what they saw and heard to themselves.

Significance and importance of transfiguration

  1. The voice from heaven confirmed that Jesus is the Christ of God, or the Messiah
  2. Moses represented the Old Testament law. Jesus came to fulfill the Law of Moses. It showed that

Jesus was not against the Law of Moses.

  1. Elijah represented the Old Testament Prophets. This meant that Jesus had fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies. He is above the prophets.
  2. Jesus is above or greater than the law and the prophets.
  3. Transfiguration was a way of preparing the disciples for the death and resurrection of Jesus. Death is not the end of life (Moses and Elijah appeared to confirm this)
  4. The transfiguration prepared and gave strength to Jesus for what lay ahead of him
  5. Dazzling appearance showed the glory of Jesus
  6. The transfiguration also shows the importance of encouraging each other.

5.0 Revision questions

  1. Explain the teachings of John the Baptist
  2. Describe the baptism and temptation of Jesus and its relevance to Christians today.
  3. Give reasons as to why Jesus was rejected at Nazareth
  4. Describe the first miracles of Jesus at Capernaum
  5. Narrate and dramatize the temptations of Jesus from the gospel according to St Luke,
  6. Identify five occasions when Jesus was tempted
  7. Explain ways in which Christians can be tempted today
  8. Outline ways in which Christians can overcome temptations in the contemporary world
  9. Identify lessons that Christians can learn from the temptations of Jesus?
  10. What is the role of the clergy in Kenya?
  11. How does the church participate in the upkeep of the clergy?
  12. Define and describe the transfiguration of Jesus

 

THE JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM – LUKE ch. 9-18

Introduction

As Jesus travelled to Jerusalem, He prepared His disciples for the life they were to lead after He leaves them.

DUTIES, PRIVILEGES AND COST OF DISCIPLESHIP

Jesus’ teaching on faith and humility a brief summary from the Bible read (Luke 9: 37 – 50) for details. After the transfiguration, Jesus used two incidents to teach his disciples about faith and humility. One incident was the healing of a boy possessed by an evil spirit (Luke 9: 37 –43). Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit out of the boy and the boy was healed. Jesus told His disciples that their lack of faith was the reason why they did not cure the boy.

Jesus informed his disciples that faith in him was important when carrying out his work.

Jesus’ teaching on His Work

The next question was …. Who is to work for Jesus? All Christians can work for Jesus even believers who are gentiles. Read (Luke 9 vs. 49 – 50). Jesus told his disciples not to forbid others from carrying out his work for whoever is not against Him is for Him. This means that whoever had faith; even the Gentiles could carry out Jesus work.

Jesus’ teaching on His followers

Jesus was determined to go to Jerusalem. As He travelled, men volunte-ered to follow him wherever he was going. Jesus replied that foxes have holes, birds of the air have nests but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head. Jesus had no earthly home. His mission on earth was only for a time. A man requested to follow Jesus but asked permission to bury his father. Jesus told him to let the dead bury their dead. Disciples of Jesus have to leave their families in order to do His Work. Mission of the 72 men. Read Luke 10:1 – 24

On the way to Jerusalem, Jesus sent out 72 disciples on a mission to promote the Gospel of the Kingdom of God through preaching and service. The 72 disciples were sent in 2s in order to encourage or help each other. The 72 were given instructions. Jesus told them that He has given them power over demons, serpents, scorpion. They have power over all the powers of Satan. When disciples returned, they reported that demons obeyed them. In Luke 10 verse 20, Jesus asked the 72 to rejoice not because demons flee but because their names are written in heaven. Out of the many followers, Jesus chose 12 apostles who learnt from Jesus and became His witnesses.

 

 

Jesus’ teaching on the greatest disciple

Read (Luke 9: 46- 48). The disciples asked themselves– who is the greatest amongst disciples amongst the 12 disciples? In response Jesus took a child by His side and said to the disciples. Whoever welcomes this child in my name, welcomes me, as well as the one who sent me. For the one who is least amongst you shall be the greatest in Heaven.

Lessons from this example

Jesus explained that His disciples needed values of humility and simplicity. These virtues were needed to carry out the work of discipleship.

Teaching about Discipleship

  1. True followers of Jesus Christ must
  2. Be ready to detach themselves from families and material possessions.
  3. Be ready to face rejections because not all people will accept them or their message.
  4. Be ready to serve.
  5. Be ready to cater for people’s physical needs.
  6. Be selfless.
  7. Not be hypocrites and should accept hospitality whenever it is given.
  8. Be able to exercise self-evaluation.
  9. Duties of a disciple were:
  10. a) To preach the good news of salvation to other people and be ready to suffer for the sake of Christ.
  11. b) Obey God’s commandments and follow teachings of Jesus.
  12. c) To help the needy spiritually and with material needs.
  13. d) To teach others about the Kingdom of God.
  14. e) To heal the sick.
  15. f) To cast out demons.
  16. g) Be prepared to suffer for the sake of the gospel.
  17. h) Being loyal to Jesus and faithful to the gospel.
  18. i) Commitment and loyalty
  19. Privileges of a disciple
  20. a) One becomes a member of the Kingdom of God.
  21. b) They get an assurance of eternal life.
  22. c) They receive joy of winning other people to follow Jesus.
  23. d) They receive peace, and blessings of God.

How are these teachings relevant to modern church leaders and members?

Modern church leaders have a duty to continue preaching God’s word to all people. They should serve God in several ministries such as visiting the sick, caring for orphans, the destitute, widows, widowers, and the aged. They should also be ready to suffer and even face rejection for the sake of the Christ.

Exercise

  1. What are the characteristics of a true follower of Christ?
  2. State the privileges of being a disciple of Jesus Christ
  3. Why did Jesus choose the 12 disciples?

 

A COMMITTED FOLLOWER OF CHRIST

Read Luke 10: 25-37, and Luke 11: 1-13

  1. The parable of the Good Samaritan

A teacher of law asked Jesus questions in order to tempt him. One was “what must I do to receive eternal life? (Read Luke 10: 25 to 28). Jesus replied with a question. What do the scriptures say? He replied and Jesus told him to do as the scripture say. . He asked another question. Who is my neighbor? (Luke 10 v 29). Jesus answered with the parable of the Good Samaritan. In this parable, the righteous people among the Jews, Levites and priests, did not help the injured man. A Samaritan whom Jews considered unclean and sinners helped him. After narrating this parable Jesus asked the lawyer, who of the 3 travelers was a good neighbor? The lawyer said the Samaritan.

Lessons learnt from the parable of the Good Samaritan

In the above parable, Jesus stressed that a follower of Jesus should be:

(1) Committed

(2) Show love of God by loving people in need and their neighbors. A neighbor is anybody who requires assistance or help regardless of race, ethnicity, creed, color or gender. Jesus wants his followers to show love and concern to all people regardless of their background. A neighbor uses

-His/her resources selflessly to help the needy. A neighbor is also compassionate, kind, and generous to the needy.

Jesus Visit to Martha and Mary (Read Luke 10: 38 – 42)

Martha welcomed Jesus in her home where she lived with her sister Mary. While Martha prepared food,

Mary sat at Jesus’ feet listening to his teaching. Martha complained. She was doing all the work while

Mary sat listening to Jesus teaching. Jesus told Martha that Mary had made the right choice to listen to His teaching.

Lessons we can learn from Jesus Visit to Martha and Mary

  1. A committed follower of Jesus is one who creates time to study and listen to God’s word.
  2. A follower of Christ should ensure that their commitment to God is not overshadowed by daily duties, worries and responsibilities.
  3. Jesus visit to Mary and Martha was also to teach disciples on the characteristics of a true disciple.

Revision exercise

  1. From the teachings of Jesus, on the parable of the Good Samaritan; who do you think is a committed follower of Jesus?

 

JESUS’ TEACHING ON PRAYER (Read Luke 11:1 – 13)

Prayer is communication with God. It is talking with God. People pray to God all the time. For example, people pray to God when:

  1. They are in problems and in happiness;
  2. Seeking healing and wealth,
  3. Giving thanks to God,
  4. Identifying the needs to be met, and asking for favors from God
  5. Repenting and confessing their sins
  6. Thanking God

There are many forms or types of prayers. These are:

  1. Intercessory prayer – Praying for the needs of others.
  2. Prayer for repentance – for forgiveness of sins.
  3. Thanksgiving prayer – giving thanks to God for what he has done.
  4. Worship prayer – prayers to worship God.
  5. Praise prayers – to praise God, Honor God.
  6. Supplication and petition prayer – whereby an individual makes their needs known to God and asks for divine intervention.

Jesus prayed often during his life’s Ministry. The disciples asked him to show them how to pray. Jesus responded by teaching them the Lord’s Prayer.

“Our Father who art in Heaven

Hallowed be thy name

Thy Kingdom come

Thy will be done on earth as

It is in heaven

Give us this day our daily bread

Forgive us our trespasses

As we forgive those who trespass against us

Lead us not into temptation

But deliver us from evil”

  1. a) Our Father who art in heaven – The disciples were told to address God as ‘Our father’. God is to be Seen and addressed as a Father.
  2. b) Hallowed be thy name – The name of God should be respected and revered.
  3. c) Thy Kingdom come – In Prayer, Christians/disciples are to pray that the ruler ship of God reign amongst them.
  4. d) Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven – Christians to obey the will of God.
  5. e) Give us this day our daily bread – Christians to pray for their needs.
  6. Forgive us our trespasses – we ask for forgiveness of our sins and those of others.
  7. Jesus taught that one should be persistent in prayer. If a man goes to his friend at midnight and asks for bread to give to his visitor, the friend will open the door and give his friend all that he needs. This is because his friend was persistent in knocking on the door.

In conclusion, if prayers are to be effective, one must have faith and be persistent. Believe that God shall answer prayers. A committed follower of Jesus should pray at all times. In prayer, one should acknowledge that God is the Father and that all prayers should be addressed to him. Two, one should have faith that God answers prayers. Therefore we should be persistent in prayer.

Reasons why Christians should pray

To honor God

To request for favors

To offer thanksgiving

To confess their sins and seek for forgiveness of sins

To seek God’s protection

To intercede on behalf of others

To strengthen their relationship with God

Revision exercise

  1. What did Jesus teach about prayer?
  2. What is the importance of prayer?

 

USE OF GOD’S POWER TO OVERCOME EVIL. Read Luke 11:14 – 28

  1. Jesus and Beelzebub. (Read Luke 11: 14 to 28)

Jesus drove out a mute demon. The possessed man began to talk. The crowd said that Jesus was casting out demons using the power of Beelzebub (the price of demons). Beelzebul was an evil spirit. However

Jesus replied “Any country that divides itself into groups which fight each other will not last very long, and a family divided against itself will fall. Jesus said it is by the power of God that drives out demons. Lessons learnt

  1. Satan cannot fight against himself therefore Jesus cannot be an agent of Beelzebub / Satan.
  2. Gods Kingdom and that of Satan were two separate Kingdoms and could not co-exist.

iii. The destruction of Satan’s power meant that the Kingdom of God was in Israel and it was powerful.

God’s power destroyed Satan’s kingdom. It is impossible to be neutral in the battle between Christ and Satan. One has to belong to either Christ or Satan.

  1. Jesus has power to drive out demons.
  2. Demons occupy people. They bring disabilities and diseases.

What makes people to be insane? Mentally sick

  1. The sign of Jonah. (Read Luke 11: 29 – 32)

After Jesus drove out the dumb spirit, Jews demanded performance of greater miracles. They wanted Jesus to prove that he was their expected messiah. Jesus said that Jonah was a great miracle. But Jesus was greater miracle than that of Jonah, and King Solomon. King Solomon was full of wisdom. He was so great that Queen of Sheba came to listen to his wisdom. Jesus like Jonah had brought a message of judgment. Jesus is greater than Jonah or Solomon. If Jews refuse to receive and listen to Jesus, the Gentiles like Queen of Sheba, will bear testimony against the Jews and receive God’s salvation.

  1. The light of the body. Read Luke: 11: 33 – 36

Jesus taught that no one lights a lamp and hides it under a bowl. A lamp is placed where all can see its light. He said that the human eye is the lamp or the light of the body. Jesus asked the listeners to make sure that “the light in you is not darkness” (vs. 35).

What is the main message in this story?

 

JESUS TEACHING ON HYPOCRISY, WEALTH, WATCHFUL-NESS AND READINESS

Introduction

Hypocrisy is being dishonest and insincere or pretending to someone else or people. What did Jesus teach about hypocrisy?

  1. Hypocrisy. Read Luke 12: 1- 12

A Pharisee invited Jesus to his house for a meal. When Jesus did not wash before eating the meal, the Pharisee was surprised. Jesus told him, “You Pharisees clean the outside of your cup and plate, but inside you are full violence and evil, greed and wickedness” (vs. 39). Jesus condemned the Pharisees for their hypocrisy. They were concerned with outward appearances and traditions such as ceremonial washing of cups, hands, and dishes but not the souls of people. They loved the outward show and public recognition. Pharisees tithed, “but neglected justice and love of God” (vs. 42). They imposed rules and regulations for people to follow, yet they themselves did not practice what they preached. They refused to confess their sins but pointed out sins in others. They hinder others from entering the kingdom of God. They had failed to make people understand the true interpretation of the law. They were like unmarked graves – dead to people yet the people trusted them. After this teaching, the Pharisees and the teachers of the law began to oppose Jesus fiercely.

What do we learn from Jesus teachings? Followers of Jesus should be

  1. Sincere and upright (honest); (2) obey God’s commands; (3), live to please God but not other people;

(4) Confess publicly their loyalty to God and (5) love God without fear and (6) be dependent on the Holy Spirit

  1. The Parable of the Rich Fool. (Read Luke 12:13 to 21).

Someone wanted justice. His brother had refused to share with him his father’s wealth. He wanted Jesus to order his brother to divide their father’s inheritance between him. In response, Jesus answered him with the parable of the rich fool.

A rich man expected a good harvest of his crops. He thought he did not have storage for the crop he expected to harvest. The man said to himself. i will demolish my granaries and stores, then build bigger ones to store all my corn, and other goods. He expected to have enough food to last him a lifetime. Then he can enjoy his wealth; eating, drinking and making merry. But God told him that his life would be demanded from him that same night. What will happen to his wealth, as he was not rich in God’s sight?

Lessons to learn

  1. Followers of Jesus should not put their trust in material wealth but in God
  2. Life consists of food, other material wealth and trust in God

iii. Whoever seeks God’s kingdom, will receive material blessings from God

  1. Jesus did not condemn material possessions but rather the attitude towards material possessions.
  2. Jesus condemned attachment to material wealth instead of trust in God who controls our lives.
  3. Watchfulness, Readiness, and Instructions. (Read Luke 12: 35 – 59)

Jesus told his disciples to be:

  1. Watchful and ready for the return of the Son of Man i.e. Jesus.
  2. Faithful servants so that when Jesus returns, he will find them ready and acting responsibly

iii. Watchful of possible divisions in families

  1. Royal to Christ
  2. Ready for the coming of the Son of Man. He will come at unexpected time; like a thief who comes when the owner of the house is not aware.
  3. Observing things of the kingdom of God, which were present in the person of Jesus.

vii. Like good servants, and watch over the affairs of the master.

viii. Be decision makers and follow the teachings of Jesus without being watched.

Review questions

  1. In what ways were the Pharisees hypocritical?

 

THE KINGDOM OF GOD

  1. The unfaithful fig tree
  2. The mustard seed
  3. Parable of the feast
  4. Parable of the great feast
  5. Parable of the lost sheep and the lost son

The Kingdom of God

Kingdom of God refers to rule of God, or God’s authority on people’s lives and the world He created. The kingdom of God was present in Jesus. It is now and in the future reality. The teachings and miracles of

Jesus was a manifestation of the Kingdom of God. For anyone to enter God’s kingdom, one has to repent and ask for forgiveness. The Kingdom of God continues to grow and spread through the work of the Church. Those who accept the teachings of Jesus Christ about God’s Kingdom are members of the Kingdom of God. Now to enter the Kingdom of God, one has to repent and not judge others.

Read Luke 13:1-5. Luke has explained the kingdom of God and outlined who will enter it.

The Kingdom of God has unfruitful fig tree (Read Luke, 13: 6 – 9). A farmer had a fig tree that was unproductive for 3 years. He ordered the gardener to cut it down. The gardener requested for the fig tree to be given another chance. He promised to dig around the fig tree and add fertilizer. If it bears fruits well, it can survive, if it doesn’t bear fruit, then it should be cut down.

Lessons learnt from the parable

The unproductive fig tree represents followers of Jesus who are unproductive because they do not follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. God gives people chances to repent just like the fig tree was given a second chance to bear fruit. Jesus is the gardener who pleads for people before God. The followers of

Jesus is expected to be fruitful.

What are the figs used for?

  1. Parable of the mustard seed. Read Luke, 13:18 – 19

Jesus likened the kingdom of God to a mustard seed, which is very small. When a mustard seed is planted, it grows fast to become a big tree. It is difficult to control its growth. When mature, the fig tree attracts many birds, which feed on its seeds.

Lesson learnt from the parable.

The Kingdom of God

Begins as a small seed and grows quietly and humbly

Then it grows and spreads to all corners of the earth

And It attracts many people

  1. Parable of the Yeast. Read Luke, 13: 20 – 21

The Kingdom of God is like yeast. Yeast makes dough rise and the bread big. The Kingdom of God grows secretly and slowly just like the dough rises without being noticed. It is only God who knows how a kingdom grows. The Kingdom of God grows as a small unit that eventually grows, spreads and reaches out to many people in many nations.

  1. The narrow door. Read Luke, 13: 22 – 30

As Jesus was teaching in towns and villages, a person asked him whether a few people would be saved.

Jesus replied that his followers should make every effort to go through the narrow door as it leads to the Kingdom of God. The narrow door will not remain open forever.

Lesson learnt from the parable

Those who wish to follow Jesus must repent immediately

Entrance to God’s Kingdom is through repentance

Everybody is invited to enter into the Kingdom of God.

  1. Jesus heals a crippled woman on the Sabbath. Luke, 13:10 – 12

Jesus was teaching in the synagogue on Sabbath. Jesus healed a woman who had an evil spirit, which had bent her back (Hunch back) for 18 years. Jesus saw her and told her “woman, you are free from your illness!” She was made straight and immediately glorified God. The official of the synagogue was annoyed that Jesus was healing on a Sabbath. He and others were hostile to Jesus for healing/working on the Sabbath. Jesus told him, you hypocrite. You feed and look after your animals on the Sabbath day.

Jesus emphasized that human life is more important than animal life or even observing the Sabbath.

Lessons learnt from the parable

Jesus came to set people free from the bondage of sickness and Satan. Jesus work of liberation is continuous. It has to be performed even on a Sabbath day because human life is more important than animal life or even observing the Sabbath.

  1. Jesus’ Love for Jerusalem. (Read Luke13: 31 – 35)

As Jesus continued with his teachings, he reached Jerusalem. Pharisees informed him that Herod wanted to kill him. His response was ‘go and tell that fox” I will continue healing the sick and casting out demons. Jesus however, lamented over Jerusalem for rejecting God’s messengers. God would abandon Jerusalem for rejecting Jesus. Jerusalem was the site of Jesus death. It would eventually acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah who brings salvation to Israel and to the rest of the world.

  1. Man with dropsy healed (Read Luke 14:1 – 6).

Jesus was invited to the house of the leading Pharisees for a meal on a Sabbath. A man with dropsy (swollen legs and arms) came to Jesus for healing. The Pharisees watched Jesus closely to see what he would do. Jesus asked the Pharisees “does our Law allow healing on the Sabbath or not?” They kept quiet. Jesus healed the man who then left. Jesus asked the Pharisees, would they save their son or an ox if it fell in a well on a Sabbath. They kept quiet.

  1. Humility and Hospitality. (Read Luke 14: 7 – 14)

Jesus was in the house of a leading Pharisees and observed that some of the invited guests were choosing the best places to sit at the table. He taught the disciples how to be humble. He said, when invited for a meal, let the owner give you a seat of honor that is reserved for important and honorable guests. Read verse 11.

Jesus advised his host to invite the poor, cripples, and the blind who cannot invite you, as they have nothing to give back for generosity.

Lessons learnt from the parable

Jesus is teaching about humility and hospitality. Those who are humble shall be elevated. Those who elevate themselves shall be humbled. Followers of Jesus should extend invitations to the poor and the underprivileged in the society. The Kingdom of God belongs to the humble people.

 

  1. The parable of the Great Feast. Read Luke, 14: 15 – 24.

A man said to Jesus, “How happy are those who will sit down at the feast in the Kingdom of God” (verse

15). in response Jesus told him that a man made a great feast and invited many friends and colleagues to the feast. The invited guests failed to come and a servant was sent to inform them that the feast was ready. All the invited guests gave personal excuses explaining why they could not come.

The master was angry and asked the servant to invite the poor, crippled, lame, the blind and anyone willing to come to the feast.

Lessons learnt from the parable

God has invited all people to the great feast of the Kingdom of God. Those who honor his invitation will be blessed. Those who reject the invitation will be excluded from the feast. Jesus explained that the

Kingdom of God is like a great feast open to all Jews and Gentiles.

To enter the Kingdom of God, one has to make a personal decision because following Jesus means sacrificing activities that we consider important to us.

  1. The Cost of Being a Disciple

Read Luke 14: 25 – 33

True discipleship means loving Jesus more than ones family. This is a great sacrifice to detach oneself from the family. A disciple must be ready to suffer for the sake of following Jesus. Following Jesus requires skills of careful thinking, planning and detailed preparations. Jesus compared true discipleship to the planning required when building a tower or engaging in a military operation.

Lessons / teachings learnt from the parable

True discipleship means making great sacrifices, “None of you can be my disciple unless you give up everything you have” (verse 33). Jesus disciples are expected to do careful planning before deciding to follow him because they are required to love God more than anyone else even their relatives and friends.

 

  1. The parable of the Lost Sheep

Read Luke, 15:1 – 7

Pharisees and teachers of law complained to Jesus because Jesus was teaching ordinary people such as tax collectors, and outcasts considered sinners by them.

Jesus told the Pharisees and teachers of law the parable of the lost sheep. He told them that if a shepherd with 100 sheep lost one of them, what action would he take? Wouldn’t he leave the 99 sheep and go out to look for the lost sheep? And on finding it, wouldn’t the shepherd celebrate with friends and neighbors? Jesus said that God celebrates if “over one sinner who repents than over 99 respectable people who do not need to repent.”

Lessons / teachings learnt from the parable

iii. God is a shepherd and takes care of all his people.

  1. He does not want any of his people to be lost.
  2. God searches for those lost in sin until he finds them.
  3. When one sinner repents, God is overjoyed and rejoices.

vii. God is the good shepherd who has come to seek and save the lost.

  1. Parable of the Lost Coin.

Read Luke, 15: 8 – 10

If a woman losses one of her ten silver coins, she searches until she finds it. And if it is found, she invites her friends and neighbors to celebrate.

Lessons learnt from the parable

God and the angels in heaven search make every effort to seek the lost sinner until they find them. Jesus lights the world, looking for sinners who are lost because they are precious in God’s sight.

  1. Parable of the Lost Son (prodigal son)

Read Luke 15:11 – 32

Jesus then told the story of a father who had two sons. The younger was given his share of inheritance he had requested. He went to foreign lands and wasted his inheritance. He became poor and decided to return home and ask his father to forgive him and employ him as a servant.

His father kissed him and celebrated his return. The father announced to his guests that the son who was lost is now found. – – The one who was dead is now live.

The elder son was angry and unhappy because his father had never held a celebration for him, in spite of his hard work and obedience.

His father told him “my son you are always here with me and everything I have is yours”. We are just celebrating the return of the lost son.

Lessons learnt from the parable

  1. A person dies spiritually if they sin
  2. God loves all people including sinners
  3. God is ready to forgive every sinner who repents
  4. There is no sin that God cannot forgive
  5. Jesus taught that both the righteous and unrighteous require God’s forgiveness
  6. There is joy and happiness in heaven when one sinner repents.
  7. Christians should confess their sins and acknowledge that Jesus saves repentant sinners
  8. God accepts unconditionally any sinner who comes back to him in repentance
  9. Confession of sins is a condition for entering the Kingdom of God.

 

A GREAT FEAST FOR ALL WHO ARE PREPARED Luke 14: 1 – 35

Q: What are the qualities of those who belong to the kingdom of God?

Answer. Qualities of people who belong to the Kingdom of God

Those who belong to the Kingdom of God:

  1. Obey God’s commandments
  2. Accept God’s rule in their lives

Iii Show God’s love to others

IV Are ready to make sacrifices so as to be followers of Jesus

V Read God’s word and preach to others

VI Confess their sins and seek forgiveness of their sins through repentance.

Review questions

  1. Give an explanation of the term Kingdom of God
  2. What did Jesus teach about the kingdom of God?
  3. What lessons do Christians learn from the parables of the lost son?

Answer

  1. The term Kingdom of God means the role of God or God’s authority in people’s lives and the world.

TEACHINGS ON WEALTH AND POVERTY. LK 16:1 – 32

Introduction

While wealth is possession of material things such as money or occupation of a high social economic status, poverty is the opposite. It is lack of basic needs such as water, education, food, shelter, clothing, and health.

When teaching about wealth, Jesus taught using two parables. These were: (1) parable of the shrewd manager (2) parable of the rich man and Lazarus

Parable of the shrewd manager

Read Luke, 16: 1 – 18

When the shrewd manager realized that his master was going to sack him due to his dishonesty, he asked the debtors to change the amounts they owed their master to smaller amounts. He did this to make friends with a few people who would give him a place to stay after he was sacked. The master praised the shrewd manager and did not sack him. The shrewd manager is praised not because of his dishonesty but because he acted promptly and with great presence of mind in a moment of crisis.

Jesus is encouraging his disciples and followers to make prompt (quick, appropriate, timely) decisions.

They should use wealth to serve God. It should not be allowed to take the place of God. Followers of

Jesus should be honest in small and big things.

The Rich Man and Lazarus Read Luke, 16: 19 – 31.

A rich man lived in luxury. At his gates was a poor man, called Lazarus whose body was covered by sores.

The rich man did not feed Lazarus. He ate food remains together with the rich man’s dogs.

When rich man died, he went to hell. When Lazarus died, he went to heaven and sat at Abraham/s bosom. When in hell, the rich man was tormented while Lazarus was at peace.

Lessons to learn from this parable

The rich isn’t condemned for being rich but because of his altitude towards Lazarus. He used his wealth for self-gratification and not for service to the needy. The wealthy should realize that it is God who gives wealth and he should be given honor. Riches can hinder the wealthy from inheriting eternal life, especially if they put their trust in riches instead of God who is the source of all wealth and blessings.

Revision exercise

  1. From the parable of the rich fool what can Christians learn about the use of wealth?
  2. Narrate the parable of the shrewd manager

 

JESUS TEACHING ON FORGIVENESS

Read Luke 17: 1 – 4

Jesus taught his disciples to forgive offenders who repent. Those who sin should seek forgiveness. If they offend 7 times in a day, forgive them 7 times. Followers of Jesus need faith to forgive others.

The power of faith. Read Luke, 17: 5 – 11.

Faith is defined as complete trust or confidence in God. It is absolute truthfulness and trust in everything that comes from God. The apostles asked Jesus to increase their faith. Followers of Jesus should have faith. Faith has no measure. Faith as big as a mustard seed can empower Christians to perform miracles that serve God. Faith is necessary. With faith, Christians can forgive others and be servants of God.

Disciples should have faith. Christians understand that they owe everything to God.

 

 

Jesus heals ten lepers. Read Luke, 17:11- 19

Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem when he met ten lepers. They requested Jesus to heal them. Jesus told them to go and show themselves to the priests. On the way, they were healed. One of them, a Samaritan, returned to thank Jesus for healing him. The Samaritans and the Jews did not associate. Jesus told the Samaritan that his faith has made him whole. Faith is necessary for healing any disease.

Leprosy is a disease that leads to loss of fingers, toes and other parts of the body. It was a dreadful skin disease, which Jews feared. Lepers were isolated from other people. They lived dejected lives the coming of the kingdom. Read Luke 17: 20 – 37

The Pharisee demanded to know when the kingdom of God would come. Jesus replied that the kingdom of God was within those who had accepted Jesus and his teachings. Those who wanted had received the kingdom. Faith is necessary to discover the power of God’s kingdom. The coming of the son of man, i.e. Jesus will bring the kingdom to reality.

The coming of the son of man is also referred to as the day of the Lord, Day of Judgment. Read Luke, 21:

27- 28. Those who obey Jesus will be saved but those who reject him will be punished.

Lessons to learn

God expects Christians to have faith in him. Christians should have faith in Jesus so that they can inherit eternal life. Faith is needed to strengthen Christians. Faith is important in the life of a

Christian until Jesus returns, i.e. the second coming.

Revision exercise

  1. What did Jesus teach on forgiveness?

 

PERSISTENCE IN PRAYER, Read Luke, 18:1 – 14

To teach about persistence in prayer, Jesus used two parables. These were the parables of: the widow and a corrupt judge and examples of prayer by a Pharisee and a tax collector.

  1. The widow and the unjust judge. Read Luke, 18: 1 – 9

Jesus had already taught the disciples how to pray. He now tells them that they ought to pray and not faint. He gives a parable to explain his point.

A widow went to a corrupt judge to have her adversaries judged. The judge was corrupt and ignored her. He however gave in to her demands since she was persistent and wearing him down. The judge helped her because of her persistence and courage.

Lessons learnt from the parable

Followers of Jesus should pray with courage and be persistent in prayer. God hears and answers prayers.

Christians should pray without ceasing and with faith and trust that their prayers will be answered.

  1. Parable of the Pharisee, and tax collector, Read Luke, 18:9 – 14

A Pharisee and tax collector went to the temple to pray. The Pharisee offered a long prayer focusing on his achievements. The tax collector (publican) did not have much to say except asking for mercy, as he was a sinner. Followers of Jesus should acknowledge they are sinners and seek forgiveness. They should approach God in humility and avoid spiritual pride, and self-righteousness.

Revision exercise

  1. State the parable of the widow and the unjust judge

 

THE WAY TO SALVATION, Read Luke, 18: 15 – 19: 1 – 27.

Introduction

The word ‘salvation’ refers to the act of saving or being saved from sin. Those who have received salvation area assured of eternal life. To receive salvation a person must acknowledge that he is a sinner and repent their sins. In this way, they receive forgiveness and are reconciled to God.

Introduction

Salvation means being saved from a life-threatening situation. In Christianity, salvation refers to the process of being delivered from sin and its consequences. Those who are saved are assured of eternal life.

Jesus taught about salvation using children to illustrate his message. This is what happened. Some people brought their children to Jesus so that he could bless them. The disciples scolded them. Jesus asked the children to come to him and he blessed them.

Jesus taught his disciples that they must be humble like children in order to enter the kingdom of God.

The road to salvation is by being simple, humble, and trusting like little children. The kingdom of God belongs to those who humble themselves like the little children.

The rich man. Read Luke, 18:18 – 30

The entry into the kingdom of God was further explained through the story of the rich man. The rich man came to Jesus wanting to know how he could inherit eternal life and be saved. Jesus reminded him of the importance of keeping the commandments. The young man responded that he had observed the commandments since he was young. Jesus told him there is one thing remaining to do; sell everything he has, and give it to the poor, and then follow Jesus.

The rich man was very sorrowful for he was very wealthy. Wealth can hinder the rich from receiving salvation. Jesus acknowledged the sacrifice made by his disciples. He emphasized that disciples shall receive salvation in the present and in life to come. Salvation is a gift from God. Salvation is received; by those who accept to follow Jesus. Trusting in wealth can be a hindrance to salvation. The rich may find it difficult to inherit eternal life.

Jesus predicts his death, a 3rd time. Read Luke, 18: 31 – 34.

Jesus predicted his death a three times. First was after asking his disciples who they say he was. The second time was after transfiguration when his face was set towards Jerusalem. The third prediction shall be in Jerusalem (Luke 18:31-34). Jesus told the disciples that previous prophecies would be fulfilled in Jerusalem. His death was going to take place in Jerusalem according to the writings of the prophets. It was going to be a painful death. He shall be beaten, mocked, spit upon and put to death. But on the third day, he shall rise again.

The disciples did not understand what Jesus was telling them. Jesus had to die so that those who believed in him may receive eternal life. The death and resurrection of Jesus gives Christians hope of eternal life.

Jesus heals a blood beggar. Read Luke, 18: 35 – 43 As Jesus neared Jericho, a blind man sat by the roadside begging. When he heard the multitude pass by, he inquired what was going on and he was told that Jesus of Nazareth was passing by. He then cried out, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!”

The crowds rebuked him but he cried out louder to Jesus to have mercy on him. Jesus asked him what he wanted. He said he wanted to see. Jesus told him to receive his sight for his faith had made him whole. The beggar was joyful and he followed Jesus rejoicing.

Lessons learnt

Christians should have faith in Jesus. They should also be persistent and make specific requests.

 

JESUS AND ZACCHAEUS LK 19:1 – 9

Zacchaeus was short. His profession was a tax collector. He was rich. He wanted to be saved. When Jesus was passing by Jericho, he wanted to see Jesus. He couldn’t because he was short. He ran and climbed a sycamore tree to see Jesus. When Jesus came to the place where Zacchaeus was, he looked up and said “Hurry down, Zacchaeus, because I must stay in your house today” (verse 5). Jesus then went with Zacchaeus to his house. When people saw this they grumbled, and murmured. They said that Jesus was going to a house of a sinner.

Jesus told them that salvation has come to the house of Zacchaeus, a son of Abraham … the Son of man came to seek and save the lost. There is no sin that God cannot forgive, even that of a tax collector.

Zacchaeus told Jesus that he was going to give to the poor half of his wealth and whatever he took from any man and woman wrongfully, he will restore four times. From this salvation, we learn that the rich should share their wealth with the needy.

 

The Parable of the Gold Coins: Luke, 19: 11 – 27.

A certain nobleman went to a far country. Before he left he called his ten servants and gave each a gold coin (ten pounds in total). He told them to trade with the coins until he returns.

When he returned, he called the servants to report profits they had made. The first servant said that one-pound coin had made profit of 10 pounds (gold coins). He made the manager of ten cities. The second servant had traded and gained 5 pounds. He was made the manager of 5 cities. The third one had hidden the pound. He did not trade. He accused the master of being mean, and cruel. He returned the pound, which was given to the servant with 10 pounds.

Lessons to learn

This parable was about the kingdom of God. God expects us to use opportunities he has given to us for his work. Each one of us shall account for the use of the abilities and skills that God gave to us – students, workers, and other professionals. To receive eternal life, Christians should repent and be obedient to God’s instructions.

Revision questions

  1. What did Jesus teach by using the example of little children?
  2. Give an account of how Jesus healed the blind beggar
  3. Explain the relevance of Jesus’ teachings on salvation to Christians

 

THE JERUSALEM MINISTRY Luke, 19: 28 – 21: 38

THE TRIUMPHANT ENTRY OF JESUS TO JERUSALEM LK.19:28 – 40

  1. The triumphant approach to Jerusalem. Luke 19: 28- 40.

Jesus death had to happen in Jerusalem. Hence Jesus went to Jerusalem. He sent two disciples to a place where there was a colt (young donkey) that no person had ever ridden. They took it to Jesus. They threw their garments on the colt, and Jesus sat on it. As Jesus rode, people spread their clothes on the road. As Jesus neared Jerusalem, a “large crowd of his disciples began to” praise God (vs37). The crowd said ‘blessed be the king who comes in the name of the lord’.

The Pharisees told Jesus to rebuke the disciples. Jesus told them if the disciples kept quiet the stones would start shouting.

Jesus made his entry into Jerusalem in a royal (kingly) procession. He was Israel’s humble king who came with peace and not a political leader. He rode on a donkey – a symbol of peace. This was unlike the political kings who rode on the horses during that time.

  1. Jesus weeps over Jerusalem. Read, Luke 41- 44

When Jesus was near Jerusalem he wept. He then foretold the coming destruction of Jerusalem due to its rejection of the messiah.

The rejoicing of his triumphant entry to Jerusalem turned to mourning as he foretold the destruction of Jerusalem by Romans in 70 A.D.

  1. Jesus goes to the temple. Read Luke 19:45 – 48

Jesus went to Jerusalem temple and evicted traders. He told them that the house of God is a house of prayer not a den of thieves. Jeremiah spoke these same words during his temple sermon. The chief priests and scribes began planning how to kill Jesus.

PHARISEES, SCRIBES QUESTION JESUS. LUKE 20 1-47

  1. The question about Jesus’ authority. Read Luke, 20:1 – 8.

The Jewish leaders wanted to know from Jesus by whose authority he was doing all the things he was doing. In response Jesus asked them “did John’s right to baptize come from God or from human beings?” (Vs4).

They discussed among themselves and decided not answer. Jesus told them “neither will I tell you”. In response to his authority being questioned he told a parable.

  1. The parable of the Tenants in the Vineyard.

Read the parable in Luke, 20: 9 – 18. The tenants refused to pay the owner of the vineyard his share of the harvest. They threw out the servants he sent to collect his share of the harvest. When he sent his son, they killed him so that they can own the vineyard. Jesus asked the people… “What will the owner of the vineyard do to the tenants?”

  1. The Question about paying taxes. Read Luke 20:19-28

Pharisees, and scribes (teachers of the law) and chief priests planned to arrest Jesus but they were afraid of the people. They sent spies to trick Jesus by asking this question -” …is it against our law for us to pay taxes to the Roman Empire, or not?

Jesus used the currency and told them “pay the Emperor Caesar what belongs to him and pay God what belongs to God.” (Verse 25)

This was a tricky question. Jesus here teachers people to obey the rules of the land and to obey God’s rules

  1. The Question about Resurrection

The Sadducees who did not believe in resurrection tempted Jesus with another question. They wanted to know this. When resurrection comes, who shall be the husband to a woman who was married to the first brother and inherited as a widow by the other six brothers?

Jesus told them the men and women who shall be worthy of resurrection shall not marry. They shall be like angels and cannot die (verse 34 to 38)

  1. Jesus warns against the Teachers of the law

Jesus warned his disciples. Be careful and guard yourselves against teachers of the law, the scribes. They were hypocritical. They wore long robes, said long prayers, looked for positions of honor and exploited the widows.

  1. The Widow’s offering. Luke, 21: 1- 4

When people were giving offerings in the temple, a widow gave “two little copper coins”. Jesus said the poor widow had given all she had. Likewise Christians should give to God not to be seen but from their hearts. It is not the quantity of the gift that matters but the attitude of the giver.

 

THE TEACHINGS OF JESUS ABOUT ESCHATOLOGY LK. 21: 5 – 38

Eschatology is from two Greek words, ‘eschatus’ and ‘logos’. Eschatus means end, Logos means study.

Eschatology means the study of the end times or in CRE the last days of Jesus. For biblical information, read Luke 21:5-38 and Mathew 24: 1 – 36 and Mark 13:1-31.

 

  1. Signs of the end times

Jesus gave many signs that will inform Christians that end of the time has come. These were to happen at different times. The signs were:

  1. a) Destruction of the temple of Jerusalem by invading armies which shall surrounded it
  2. b) Hatred of disciples and Christians because they were followers of Christ
  3. c) Rejection of disciples by families because they were followers of Christ
  4. d) Betrayal of the followers of Christ
  5. e) Prosecution and imprisonment of Christians.
  6. f) Many false messiahs. People would come claiming to be the Messiah, the Son God
  7. g) Wars as nation rise against nations
  8. h) Eruption of natural calamities such as plagues, earthquakes, famines, great fear among people. Disruption in the sky and seas. Fall of strange heavenly beings from the sky and rise of seas.
  9. j) Natural calamities such as earthquakes, plagues, famines bringing despair and distress in all nations
  10. k) The times shall be announced by signs in the stars, moon, sun and sea
  11. l) Appear of the ‘Son of man ‘in power and glory at the end of times.
  12. Uses of the temple during the time of Jesus

During the time of Jesus, the temple was used for (a) Child dedication (b) Circumcision (c) Purification (d) Trading and business centre (e) Wor-shipping and prayer (f) a place for celebrating festivals such as the Passover and other major feasts (g) a learning centre or school for religious purposes. For example, disciples of the scribes learnt law in the temple.

The destruction of the temple symbolized the birth of Christianity. From that time Christians became the new temple of God.

  1. The parable of the fig tree Lk.21: 29 – 33

Jesus used the parable of the fig tree to explain more about the end times. Appearance of leaves in the fig tree and other trees inform us that summer will soon come. When Christians see signs of the end times, they should know that the kingdom of God is about to come. Jesus told disciples to be watchful, alert, and praying for strength to endure the coming tribulations. See the previous teachings on watchfulness and readiness. Christians are to watch out and be ready for the end times.

  1. Relevance of Jesus’ teachings on eschatology

These teachings assure and continue to tell Christians these messages from Jesus:

  1. a) There is life after death
  2. b) Christ will return to receive the faithful
  3. c) Christians are to be watchful, prayerful, and hopeful despite trials and tribulations
  4. d) Christians are assured of God’s protection from evil.
  5. e) Christians should prepare for the coming of Christ by leading a righteous life
  6. f) Do not lose hope
  7. g) Do not be pre occupied with the cares of this would for they never end
  8. h) Preach and spread the word of God Obey God’s commandment
  9. j) Help the needy

Revision questions

  1. Describe Jesus triumphant entry into Jerusalem according to Luke chapter 19:29- 30
  2. What does the manner of Jesus entry into Jerusalem reveal about the nature of his kingdom?
  3. What lessons can Christians learn from Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem?
  4. State and explain why Jesus wept over Jerusalem
  5. Explain the cleansing of the temple
  6. Give reasons why Jesus cleansed the temple of Jerusalem
  7. What lessons can Christians learn from the cleansing of the temple?
  8. Explain Jesus’ conflict with the Jewish leaders
  9. Describe the parable of the tenants in the vineyard
  10. Explain the relevance of the parable of the of tenants in the vineyard
  11. Explain the question about paying taxes
  12. Explain the question about the resurrection
  13. What is eschatology?
  14. What will happen at the end of the world (eschatology) according to Jesus’ teaching in Luke’s gospel?

21; 5-38

  1. How do Christians prepare for the second coming of Christ?

 

THE PASSION, DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS LK. 22 – 24

Passion is a strong feeling of love, hate or anger. Passion of Jesus is the great sufferings of Jesus, which was a deep emotional anguish.

The plot against Jesus

The Jewish religious leaders were determined to ensure that Jesus was either arrested or killed (Lk.22: 1 – 6)

They were helped by Satan who entered into Judas Iscariot one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. Judas decided to betray Jesus. He communed with the Jewish leaders who agreed to pay him money to betray

Jesus. He searched for a way to betray Jesus without knowledge of Jesus. He forgot who Jesus was. Judas agreed to betray Jesus probably because:

  1. He belonged to the party of Zealots who wanted political changes
  2. He was probably frustrated by Jesus’ approach to the Kingdom of God which was establishing a peaceful spiritual kingdom
  3. He expected Jesus to establish a political kingdom
  4. He was greedy for money
  5. Satan entered him

 

THE LORDS SUPPERS/ THE LAST SUPPER. LK 22: 7 – 13

The last supper was the lost Passover meal that Jesus took before his arrest. Passover is celebrated in obedience to God’s command to Moses. It is a remembrance of Israel’s deliverance by God from slavery in Egypt.

 

 

 

  1. Passover The meal

Preparations for the Passover, Read Luke 22: 7 – 23.

Peter and John were sent by Jesus to go and prepare the Passover meal. They were to do so in a house in the city. They were taken to the house by, a man who was carrying a vessel of water. They were given a big furnished upper room upstairs. They prepared the Passover meal as instructed by Jesus.

Passover meal

During the meal with the 12 disciples / apostles Jesus told them that this was going to be his last meal with them before his death. He took a cup of wine gave thanks to God and said “Take this and share it among yourselves. I tell you that from now on I will not drink this wine until the Kingdom of God comes.” The cup of wine was his blood that he was going to shed for them. Wine therefore symbolized the blood of Jesus, shed for the purification of humankind and forgiveness of sins. This blood is the New Testament and covenant with Christians.

After drinking of wine, He “took a piece of bread, gave thanks to God “and shared it and told them that the piece of bread represented his body which is “given for them”.

He presented his death as a sacrifice whose blood sealed the new covenant. His death replaced the sacrifices of the Old law, those of animals, which sealed the Sinai covenant. The new covenant will be for all people including Gentiles. This is to fulfill God’s promise of salvation for all people.

Jesus and disciples ate Passover together so that henceforth Christians would eat the meal together in remembrance of Jesus. Passover was initially taken to remind them of the deliverance from Egypt. But during the last supper, Jesus gave the Passover a new meaning.

As they ate, Jesus foretold of his betrayal by one of his disciple.

Q

  1. Which items were used to celebrate the Passover in the Old Testament?
  2. What items do modern Christians use to celebrate the Lord’s Supper?

 

Comparisons of the Lord’s Supper and the Passover

(a) The Passover commemorates the divine act of redemption of the Jews from their bondage in Egypt while the Last Supper commemorates the deliverance of human kind from sin.

(b) The Passover feast reminded the Israelites that they were free, redeemed people while the Lords Suppers is to remind Christians of their forgiveness of sins. The death of Jesus set Christians free from sins.

(c) Passover was followed by the Old covenant of Mount Sinai. The Lords suppers is a new covenant based on the death of Jesus for sins of humankind?

(d) Passover (Old Testament) was sealed by the blood of Lambs while New Covenant (Lords suppers) is sealed by the blood of Jesus on the cross.

(e) Items for celebrating in Passover (Old Testament) are different from the cup of wine and pieces of bread used by Jesus to celebrate his last supper with the disciples.

Relevance of the Lord’s Supper today

Christians celebrate the Lords supper. This celebration is called the Eucharist, the Lords suppers, or Lords meal. Christians celebrate it as an act of repentance; through which they receive assurance of forgiveness of their sins. The presence of Jesus becomes a reality when Christians share bread and wine.

Bread and wine are symbols of heavenly feast, which Christians will partake in God’s kingdom.

The Lords supper is also a sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving to God. It is a time for rededication to Christ and self-renewal. Through the celebration of the Lords supper, Christians anticipate the second coming of Jesus and the establishment of Gods Kingdom. It is also a time to remember the death and resurrection of Jesus and reflect on God’s love for humankind.

 

 

 

  1. The Argument about Greatness. Read Luke, 22: 24 – 30

A question arose among the disciples. They wanted to know who among them was the greatest. Jesus told them that they do not belong to the world system of authority given on the basis of wealth and fame.

The authority among the disciples will be determined on the basis of their service to others. The greatest is the servant. Jesus likened himself to a servant hence disciples are called to serve. By sharing in trials and sufferings of Jesus, the disciples will share in his ruling power over the new Israel.

Leadership in church should be understood in terms of service – being a servant of people. In the community of Christians, all people who are followers of Jesus are all equal.

Q: In your opinion, which are the signs of greatness in the world?

  1. Jesus Predicts Peters’ Denial. Read Luke, 22: 31 – 38

Jesus told peter that Satan had received permission to test or tempt all the disciples but Jesus had prayed for Peter’s faith not to fail. Jesus told Peter that he shall deny Jesus three times before the cock crows.

Jesus was telling his disciples that they will encounter hostility in their evangelism hence they should be prepared for suffering and opposition because of Him as Isaiah 53:12 says ‘he shared the fate of evil men.’

Jesus death was imminent inevitable. The disciples were expected to be strong

 

PRAYER, ARREST OF JESUS AND DENIAL BY PETER

  1. Prayer on the Mount of Olives. Read Luke. 22: 39 – 46

After celebrating the last supper, Jesus went to the Mount of Olives with his disciples to pray to resist temptation. Jesus went ahead of his disciples, knelt down and prayed.

Jesus left them to pray by himself. He said” Father if you will, take this cup of suffering away from me.

Not my will, however, but your will to be done” (42). An angel came to strengthen him. He prayed earnestly, in agony and turmoil great than the physical pain. He sweated great drops of blood.

After praying, Jesus found his disciples asleep “worn out by their grief” vs. 45). Jesus asked them to wake up and pray to avoid temptation.

Significance

The disciples fell asleep. This was a sign of moral and physical exhaustion. Jesus expressed inner struggle about the fulfillment of his messianic mission. He prayed for God’s help. Christians should always pray to avoid temptation and seek God’s help.

  1. Betrayal and arrest of Jesus. Read Luke, 22: 47 – 53

Jesus was arrested by: the chief priest, elders, officers of the temple guard, and a crowd of people as he talked to his disciples. He was taken to the house of the high priest. Judas had identified Jesus with a kiss. Jesus asked Judas” him “Judas, is it with a kiss that you betray the Son of man?”

Jewish religious leaders had come to arrest Jesus as they arrested other criminals. Jesus told his disciples not to resist his arrest. He rejected armed resistance refusing the role of a political messiah. Peter followed him from a distance.

  1. Peters Denies Jesus. Read Luke, 22: 54 – 65

After Jesus was arrested he was taken to the house of the High Priest. As Peter sat warming himself with others, a maid identified Peter. She said, “This man too was with Jesus. Peter denied knowing Jesus three times. After the third denial, the cock crowed just as Jesus predicted.

Jesus turned and looked at Peter who remembered the words of Jesus. “Peter went out and wept bitterly” (Vs. 62). Weeping was a sign of repentance

THE TRIALS AND CRUCIFIXION OF

  1. Trials of Jesus by the various authorities
  2. Trial by the Sanhedrin Lk.22: 66 – 71

After being taken to the house of the High Priest, the next morning Jesus was taken to the Jewish religious council or court; called the Sanhedrin. They all asked him if he was the messiah. Jesus told they wouldn’t believe whatever he says. But “the Son of Man will be seated on the right hand of Almighty God.” (Vs. 69). Jesus told them he was the Son of God. The Sanhedrin accused Jesus of blasphemy, a sin punishable by death.

  1. Trial before Pilate. Read Luke 23: 1 – 5

The second court was the Roman court. The judge was Pilate, the Roman Governor. In this court the Sanhedrin accused Jesus of:

Inciting people to revolt, and rebelling against Roman authority

Forbidding people to pay taxes to the Emperor

Claiming to be the king, a Messiah, they could not accuse him of blasphemy before Pilate since this offence was not acceptable under the Roman law. Pilate asked Jesus if he was the king, Jesus replied, “So you say”. (vs.3). Pilate found no fault with Jesus so he sent him to Herod.

iii. Trial by Herod. Read Luke, 23: 6 – 12

Herod was in Jerusalem. When Jesus was brought before him, he expected Jesus to perform miracles to impress him. He asked Jesus many questions and Jesus kept quiet. Herod and his soldiers mocked Jesus, and ridiculed him. They put on him royal clothes; then sent Jesus back to Pilate.

  1. Jesus is sentenced to Death. Read Luke 23: 13 – 25

Jesus was brought back to Pilate a second time. Pilate repeated that Jesus was not guilty (innocent) of any crime. Pilate offered to have Jesus beaten and then released.

The crowds, leaders and chief priests gave their judgment. “Kill him!” and release Barabbas, who was a rioter and a murderer. Pilate did not find Jesus guilty. But he did what they wanted. He released Barabbas and “handed Jesus over for them to do as they wished” (vs. 25).

  1. The crucifixion of Jesus. Read Luke 22: 26-43

Jesus was led away to be crucified. Solders forced Simon of Cyrene to carry the cross for Jesus. Women followed Jesus and weeping. Jesus told them not to weep for Him but for themselves and their children. Jesus was then crucified at a place called Golgotha (place of skull) or Calvary together with two male criminal; one on His right and the other on His Left. Jesus asked God to forgive those (persecutors) for they did not know what they were doing.

The Jewish leaders, said “He saved others; let him save himself if he is the Messiah whom God has chosen” (vs. 35); Solders mocked Jesus and said “Save yourself if you are the king of Jews” and one criminal hanged with Jesus mocked Jesus and told Him “Aren’t you the Messiah? Save yourself and me”.

The other thief rebuked him saying they deserved the punishment for their deeds but Jesus had done nothing. This thief repented and told Jesus, “Remember me, Jesus, when you come as King”. Jesus told him that he would be in paradise with Jesus on that day (vs. 42 – 43).

On top of the cross, Jews wrote, “This is the King of the Jews” (vs. 38).

 

DEATH OF JESUS Read Luke. 23: 44 – 50

  1. The death of Jesus. There was darkness from 12 o’clock until three o’clock. The veil/curtain of the temple tore into two. Jesus cried out with a loud voice “Father, into the hands I commit my spirit”. At this shout Jesus died.

The Roman centurion saw and praised God. He declared, “Certainly this was an innocent man”. The multitude that watched the crucifixion and death went home beating their breasts, a sign of repentance.

The women, who knew Jesus from Galilee, stood at a distance watching all these things.

  1. The burial of Jesus. Read Luke 23: 50 – 56.

Joseph from Arimathea, a town in Judea sought permission from Pilate to bury the body of Jesus. He was waiting for the coming of the Kingdom of God, a likely secret disciple of Jesus. He was a good and honorable man.

The body of Jesus was laid in a sepulchre (Tomb) where nobody had ever been laid. Jesus’ burial in Joseph’s tomb fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy that the suffering servant of Yahweh was buried in a rich man’s tomb (Isaiah 53:9)

The Galilean women and Joseph saw where the body of Jesus was laid. They went home, and prepared spices to use to wash Jesus’ body. They rested on the Sabbath.

  1. Relevance of the suffering and death of Jesus Christ to Christian life today

Christians today should practice or do the following activities.

  1. Pray in times of sorrow, pain, trials and temptations.

Iii they should not give up when rejected.

IV They should be aware of hypocrites and traitors amongst them.

V They should be willing to suffer for the sake of the Kingdom of God.

VI They should be ready to fight for a just cause

Vii They should never condemn the innocent.

Viii They should go through their suffering bravely.

Ix They should know and accept suffering as a part of the Christian calling

X They should not be afraid of rejection by people l

Xi they should be encouraged that Jesus suffered for them.

  1. In which ways can Christians prepare for their death?

Death is inevitable. Hence, Christians should at all times: live a holy life, repent sins, and forgive those who have wronged them, make a will, accept death as inevitable, and read the word of God

 

THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS. Read Luke 24: 1 – 53

  1. The Resurrection. Resurrection refers to the event of Jesus rising from the dead

After the Sabbath day, on Sunday morning; Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, Salome (Joanna) and other women went to the tomb with the spices they has prepared. They found the entrance open. The stone covering the tomb was rolled away. The tomb was empty. The body of Jesus was not in the tomb.

Suddenly, two men, who were angels, appeared dresses in dazzling and shining clothes. They said “Why are you looking among the dead for one who is alive? He is not here; he has been raised.”

The women went and told the 11 disciples, who did not believe them. Peter ran to the tomb and found it empty.

Women were the first to witness the resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is significant as they (women) were empowered to become witnesses of Christ as evangelists beyond the Jewish culture.

  1. Witnesses of the resurrection of Jesus

The disciple’s en route to Emmaus

Two disciples were traveling to Emmaus, which was 11 km from Jerusalem discussing Jesus suffering, death and the empty tomb. Jesus met them but their eyes were blinded and they did not recognize him.

The disciples explained to Jesus the events that had taken place and how they had hoped that Jesus would liberate Israel from the Roman rule.

Jesus explained to them the scriptures concerning the messiah. When they got to Emmaus, they invited him to dine with them for it was evening. When Jesus, “took the bread and said the blessings; then he broke the bread and gave it to them”, the disciples recognized Jesus but he vanished out of their sight (Vs. 30-31). They returned to Jerusalem and told the 11 disciples that Jesus has risen.

  1. Jesus appears to his Disciples. Read Luke 24: 36 – 49.

As the two disciples explained the event that happened on the journey to Emmaus, Jesus came and said to them ‘Peace be with you’ (vs. 36). Disciples were terrified and frightened. He asked them to look and touch his hands, and feet. He was not a ghost.

He has flesh and bones unlike ghosts, which do not have.

He explained to the apostles his mission, which was prophesied by prophets, and written in the Law of Moses, and Psalms (v.44).

He commissioned the disciples to preach repentance and remission of sins and be his witnesses. He also promised to send them the promise of the father (Holy Spirit)

Q: what was the nature of the resurrected body of Jesus?

  1. The ascension of Jesus, Luke, 24: 50 – 53

From Jerusalem, Jesus took his disciples to Bethany, a town outside Jerusalem. He lifted his hands and blessed them. As he blessed them, he was lifted up and carried to heaven.

The disciples worshipped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy. They continued to go to the temple to praise and give thanks to God.

The disciples were now confident about their mission and who Jesus was

  1. The importance of the resurrection of Jesus to Christian

Resurrection is the foundation of Christian faith. Christianity is based on the fact that Jesus resurrected and was taken up to heaven.

Further to this:

  1. Resurrection proved that Jesus is the Son of God.
  2. Through resurrection, Christians have hope of eternal life
  3. Through resurrections, Christians are assured of a new life in Christ
  4. Sin and death were conquered by resurrection, giving hope of victory to Christians over death and sin.
  5. Resurrection is a fulfillment of the writings of the prophets. It fulfilled Old Testament prophesies by Moses, Elijah, Elisha and others.
  6. It is a proof that there is life after death.
  7. Through resurrection, man was reconciled to God.
  8. Jesus has power over death, over Satan and his Kingdom of darkness
  9. It led to the coming of the Holy Spirit.

Revision questions

  1. Give the different names used in reference to the Lord’s Supper by Christians in different churches
  2. Describe the institution of the Lord’s Supper

c, State the Christian teaching about the lord’s supper

  1. What is the meaning of the Lord’s Supper to Christians?
  2. Compare the Passover feast with the practice of the Lord’s Supper
  3. Describe the prayer on mount olives
  4. Describe the betrayal and arrest of Jesus
  5. State the reasons that made Judas Iscariot to betray Jesus
  6. Describe the trial of Jesus under the following headings: – the council of Sanhedrin, the trial before Pilate, the trial before Herod and Pilate’s judgment.
  7. Why do you think Pilate agreed to have Jesus crucified?
  8. Identify and explain the lessons that Christians learn from the actions of Pilate during the trial of Jesus
  9. Actions taken by the Jewish leaders to ensure that Jesus was put to death
  10. Explain the crucifixion of Jesus
  11. Describe the death of Jesus
  12. The burial of Jesus
  13. Define the term resurrection
  14. Describe the four witnesses of the risen Christ
  15. Describe Jesus’ appearance to the disciples
  16. Describe the ascension of Jesus
  17. Give five evidences from the bible to show that Jesus rose from the dead
  18. Explain the significance of passion, death and the resurrection of Christ
  19. What is the significance of Jesus resurrection to Christians Today?
  20. Explain five importance of eulogy of death of the society.

 

Revision Questions

OLD TESTAMENT PROPHESIES ABOUT THE COMING OF THE MESSIAH

Lesson one:

  1. The prophecy of Jeremiah about the Messiah
  2. a) He shall be a descendant of David
  3. b) He shall be a king
  4. c) He shall prosper
  5. d) He shall execute judgment and justice
  6. e) He shall ensure Judah/Israel is safe and lives in peace
  7. f) He shall be called the lord our righteousness
  8. Meaning of Messiah mean?

Messiah is a Hebrew word ‘Meshiach’ which means ‘the anointed one’. It is equivalent to ‘Christ’, a Greek word, which also means the ‘Anointed one’. A Messiah is therefore someone called, anointed and appointed by God to serve Him in a special way.

In the Old Testament, the Priests and Kings were the only people who were anointed. When a person is anointed oil is poured on them. The anointed person was set aside from the rest of the people in order to serve God and His people. Examples of anointed people are Aaron (Priest) and King David. In addition, God himself anointed Prophets: for example, Samuel, Elijah, Jeremiah, and Nathan among others.

  1. Jewish expectations of the Messiah in the Old Testament

The messiah shall be a political leader, a victorious ruler, a king to lead people to a time of great power and prosperity, a king in whose reign there shall be no sorrow or injustice nor fear, a king to rule forever

  1. How Jesus Christ fulfilled the Old Testament prophetic of the messiah
  2. a) He was born from the lineage of David
  3. b) He was born of Mary, a virgin as foretold by Isaiah
  4. c) The messiah was called Immanuel (Jesus) Isaiah prophecy
  5. d) He was born in Bethlehem – Micah’s prophecy
  6. e) He was referred to as “son of David” – Nathan/Jeremiah/s prophesies
  7. f) He suffered – suffering servant prophecy by Isaiah
  8. Prophets in the Old Testament who prophesied about the expected Messiah Isaiah, Nathan, Jeremiah, Micah and psalmist prophecy.

Answers

Qn 1. The qualities of john as described by angel Gabriel

  1. He would be a prophet of god
  2. He would prepare the way for the messiah
  3. He would bring joy to Zachariah and others
  4. He would be a Nazarite
  5. He would call people to repentance

Qn 2 why john was referred to as the second Elijah

  • Like Elijah john had also lived in the wilderness
  • John was also filled with the Holy Spirit and proclaimed god’s message to the people
  • He also met opposition from the king just like Elijah
  • He was beheaded and Elijah was threatened with death by jezebel
  • He stood firmly for the covenant way of life
  • He was a great prophet of his time
  • He led a simple life and faced many problems like hunger just like Elijah

Qn 3 what lessons do Christians learn from annunciation of the birth of john the Baptist?

  • God answers prayers however long it may take
  • Christians should not doubt God’s messages
  • We should be persistent, faithful and patient in prayers
  • Christians should be devoted to God in prayer
  • Children are a gift from God and a source of joy to their parents
  • God has a purpose for every child’s life

Qn 4 Describe the birth of john the Baptist

  • Elizabeth was very happy and so was Zachariah
  • John was circumcised after eight days in accordance with the Jewish customs
  • Elizabeth named the child john
  • Zachariah affirmed the name of their son in writing
  • They were surprised at the name because it was not in Zechariah’s lineage
  • Zechariah was now able to talk
  • He broke into a hymn called the Benedictus
  • Zechariah expressed his feelings of joy, gratitude and praise
  • Zechariah told of the mission of his son.

TOPIC TWO: INFANCY AND EARLY LIFE OF JESUS

Qn 1 What lessons can Christians learn from the annunciation of the birth of Jesus Christ?

  • God exalts the humble and rejects the proud
  • Christians should humbly accept god’s plan for their lives
  • God has a purpose for the life of every one
  • Nothing is impossible with god
  • God wanted Jesus Christ to be part of the human family for him to identify with the human race

Qn2. Describe Mary’s visit to Elizabeth

  • Mary went to visit Elizabeth after angel Gabriel told her that Elizabeth was expecting a baby
  • Mary greeted Elizabeth and the baby in the Elizabeth’s womb leapt with joy
  • The spirit also revealed that Mary was the most blessed of all women
  • Mary sang a song known as the magnificent

Qn3. identify the main ideas in the magnificent

  • Mary thanks god for
  • Being good to her
  • His goodness and love for all human beings
  • Fulfilling his promises to the people
  • Delivering the oppressed from the oppressors

Qn 4 Describe the dedication ceremony during the infancy of Jesus

  • The parents of Jesus offered the purification sacrifices according to the Law of Moses
  • Simon was moved by the Holy Spirit and took Jesus into his arm and praised God
  • Simon prophesied about the mission of Jesus
  • Prophetess Ann thanked God for sending Jesus who would bring redemption
  • The things Simon and Anne said about their child amazed the parents of Jesus.

TOPIC TWO: THE GALILEAN MINISTRY

Qn a. What is the relevance of John the Baptist teachings to Christians today?

  • Christians should not fear to condemn the evils in the society
  • Christians should commit their lives wholly to the work of God
  • Christians should accept their role with humility and preach the gospel
  • Christians should be ready to proclaim the gospel even harsh environment for the people to know God
  • Christians should share their resources with the less fortunate
  • Christians should be contended with their pay and thus not accept bribes
  • Christians should learn to be truthful in their work environment
  • Christians should pronounce the consequences of judgment to those willing to repent

Qn b. Give reasons why Jesus accepted to be baptized

  • To be identified as the messiah
  • To identify himself with the sinful human kind
  • To receive the Holy Spirit
  • For God to manifest the trinity
  • It was a cleansing ritual
  • To acknowledge the work of John the Baptist
  • He saw it as a way of fulfilling the Old Testament prophesies about the Messiah
  • It was his final acceptance of the work of salvation

Qn c. describe the baptism of Jesus

  • When all the people were baptized Jesus was also baptized
  • He was baptized by John the Baptist in river Jordan at a place called Bethbora
  • Jesus was praying when the heavens opened
  • The holy spirit descended from heaven upon him inform of a dove
  • A voice came from heaven saying “thou art my beloved son with thee I am well pleased

Qn d. what is the significance of the baptism of Jesus to Christians today?

  • Christians get new names that symbolizes new life in Christ
  • Christians receive the Holy Spirit who gives them guidance in their lives
  • Christians identify themselves with Jesus and the church
  • Water is symbolically used as a cleanser as it wipes away one’s sins and gives a new life
  • Christians are brought together as members of the church of Christ
  • During baptism Christians receive the Holy Spirit who guides them in their lives
  • The old self dies and becomes a new person as a Christian
  • It is the first step of being accepted into the Christian brotherhood

 

LESSON THREE: TEMPTATIONS

Qn a. describe the temptations of Jesus

  • Satan told Jesus to turn stones into bread
  • Jesus answered that man does not live on bread alone
  • Satan then took Jesus to a high place and showed him all the kingdoms of the world. Satan promised to give Jesus everything if Jesus worshipped him
  • Jesus answered that one should worship God and serve him alone
  • Hastily, satin took Jesus to the pinnacle of the temple. He asked Jesus to throw himself down since

God would send his angles to ensure that he did not get hurt. Jesus answered that no one should tempt

God

Qn b. from the gospel of St. Luke, identify five occasions when Jesus was tempted

  • In the wilderness
  • When he healed a dumb man the commanded a sign
  • Jesus was tempted to arbitrate between two brothers
  • When the rich young ruler called Jesus a good teacher
  • When he was asked whether it was right to pay taxes to Caesar
  • In the garden of Gethsemane, he was tempted to escape the cup of suffering
  • During his trial he was asked whether he was the Messiah
  • During crucifixion he was spat on but did not fight back
  • On the cross one of the thieves wanted him to deliver them
  • He was questioned by the Sadducees about resurrection

Qn c. Outline ways in which Christians can overcome temptations in the contemporary world

  • They should depend on Jesus
  • They should be well versed with the scripture so that they can refer to the bible
  • They should seek guidance and counseling
  • They should attend bible classes for the right interpretation of the bible
  • They should have faith or believe in God to help them during trials
  • They should avoid bad company
  • The should take part in active leisure
  • They should avoid circumstances that can lead them to sin
  • They should resist Satan

Qn d. Explain ways in which Christians can be tempted

  • To give a bribe in order to get a job
  • To engage in irresponsible sexual behavior due to peer pressure
  • To steal money entrusted to them
  • To cheat in examinations
  • To take drugs/alcohol
  • To exploit those who serve under them in their places of work
  • To keep excess change from a shopkeeper or tout
  • To show off

Qn e. What lessons can Christians learn from the temptations of Jesus?

  • Since Jesus was tempted, he fully understands our difficulties
  • God does not tempt us beyond our strength
  • Through temptations we will also be tempted
  • Through temptations and trials our faith is strengthened
  • When we are tempted we should turn to the bible for guidance
  • We should seek the Holy Spirit who enabled Jesus to conquer evil

LESSON EIGHT: THESERMON ON THE PLAIN:

  1. Give the main teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain

The sermon on the plain consisted of five main parts namely:

Blessings (Lk 6: 20 – 26) and woes

These are also referred to as the beatitudes. Here, Jesus had a message for the poor, the rich, those who hunger and those who are full, those who weep and those who laugh. His concern is to show the social differences and mystery of Christian suffering. Persecution seems to be a common phenomenon for followers of Christ. The poor are those who cannot meet their basic needs and Luke depicts them as hungry and weeping.

The disciples are included in the poor because they have given up everything. But Jesus gives hope.

Jesus warns the rich against using their economic points to oppress the poor. They have an opportunity, however to belong to the Kingdom by using their riches to help the needy.

Love of Enemies: (6:27-37)

Followers of Jesus are supposed to “Love your enemies, do good to those who hate, bless those who curse you, and pray for those who abuse you”.

Judging Others (6:37-43)

Disciples are expected to acknowledge their own shortcomings before they can condemn the faults in others. Failure to recognize one’s fault is a hindrance to becoming a member of the Kingdom of God.

Evidence to Good Discipleship

The proof of a person’s goodness is seen in his deeds. The true nature of a person cannot be hidden because what they do and say will reveal their nature.

Hearing and Doing (6: 47-49)

It is not enough for His followers to proclaim Christ as Lord. They must also do what He tells them.

Q2. What is the relevance of the (beatitudes) sermon on the plain to Christians today?

The teachings on blessings and woes tell us that the goal of a person should be to inherit the Kingdom of God.

Christians should love their enemies as Jesus loved them sinful as they were.

Human beings are self-centered. It is easier to see other people’s mistakes than our own Christian should examine them before passing judgment on others. By so doing we appreciate that we are all sinners who should seek forgiveness from God and we should always appreciate others however sinful they may be.

Be steadfast in faith and do well all the time.

 

 

LESSION 9: JESUS’ WORKS OF COMPASSION

Q2 Narrate the story of the forgiveness of the sinful woman (Lk 7:36-8:3)

On one occasion, Jesus was invited by Simon the Pharisee to his house to eat with him.

While this is a sinful woman walked into the house weeping.

She began to wet Jesus’ feet with her tears and wiped them with her hair.

She kissed his feet and anointed them with an ointment.

When Simon saw this, he questioned Jesus’ power. If he were a prophet, He would have noticed that the woman was a sinner.

And Jesus answered him the telling him about a certain creditor who has two debtors, one owed him hundred denarii and the other fifty.

When asked Simon which of the two debtors would love the creditors more.

Simon said the one who was forgiven more.

Jesus said you have judged rightly.

Then he had not given Him even water to wash His feet.

But the woman used her tears to wet Jesus’ feet and wiped them using her hair and oiled them.

Therefore her sins, which are many, are forgiven for she loved much, one with little love receives little more.

Jesus told Simon he gave him no kiss but the woman had not stopped kissing Him.

Those at table began to ask who Jesus was who ever forgiven sins?

And He said to the woman, “Your faith has saved you, go in peace.”

Q3. What lessons do Christians learn from the above story?

Christians should accept their sins and seek for forgiveness as the sinful woman did.

Faith is important for one to be forgiven. Jesus told the woman “Your faith has saved you.”

A repentant sinner is greater than a righteous man (the Jewish religious leaders).

It is not the magnitude of sin that matters but the attitude of a person towards his sins.

Shows the importance of women in the ministry of Jesus

Q4. Describe the story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain (Lk 7:11-17)

After His preaching in Capernaum, Jesus went to the city of Nain.

He found a man being carried out near the gate.

He was the only son of a widow.

When the Lord saw her, He had compassionate on her and said to her, “do not weep.’

Then He came and touched the open coffin.

And those who carried him stood still.

Jesus said, “Young man, arise.”

And he who was dead sat up and began to speak.

Jesus presented him to his mother.

Then fear came among all and they glorified God.

They said a great prophet has come among us. God has visited His people.

LESSON 10: JESUS’ TEACHING – WHAT IS THE IMPORTA-NCE OF PARABLES?

  1. Give reasons why Jesus used parables
  • To attract the attention of his listeners
  • To help his listeners understand better
  • To separate the serious people from the onlookers
  • To enrich his teachings
  • To avoid direct confrontation with his enemies
  • It was a common way of teaching those days
  • To teach about God’s mercy to sinners
  • To make people think critically out issues concerning God’s kingdom
  • To relate patent issues with those of the future kingdom positively

Qn 2 Identify various methods used by Christians in spreading the gospel today

  • Preaching
  • Teaching
  • Being role models
  • Holding crusades
  • Organizing seminars and conferences
  • Electronic mechanisms e.g. sms and emails
  • Print media e.g. posters and magazines
  • Door to door evangelism
  • Through demonstration and role play
  • Through the mass media e.g. radios and TVs
  • Through Christian music e.g. cassettes and C.Ds

Qn 3 Discuss the reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Jewish leaders

  • His popularity
  • His interpretation of the Sabbath
  • His failure to observe the law of fasting
  • He associated with tax collectors
  • He claimed to be the messiah
  • He out rightly condemned them
  • Teaching with authority
  • His claims to forgive sins.

LESSON 11: MIGHTY WORKS OF JESUS

Q1 Narrate the healing of the Gerasene demoniac – Lk 8:26-39.

After crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus came across a demon – possessed man in a gentile town called Gerasa.

The man had been living in the caves used for burial of the dead.

He wore no clothes.

When the man saw Jesus, he asked Him not to torment him.

When Jesus asked him what his name was; he responded that he was called “Legion” – which stands for 2000 – 6000 soldiers.

This meant that this man possessed by many demons.

Jesus had sympathy and ordered the unclean spirits to leave him.

Jesus let the evil spirits to go to the pigs, which were grazing nearby.

They then fell into the lake and drowned.

Q2. What lesson can Christian learn from the healing of the demoniac man above?

Jesus valued human life. That is why He led the evil/spirits into the pigs, which drowned into the lake and saved the man.

It shows Jesus came for all regardless of tribe. This man was a gentile.

Jesus heals the whole person – physically and spiritually.

That Jesus has power over evil spirits.

Shows that Jesus came to destroy the power of evil

It teaches that Christians have to fight the power of evil constantly. But with Jesus’ help they will overcome it.

God will never allow them to be defeated. He will come to their aid, however, much.

They should give out their material possession to save those in need. This man needed help.

They should tell their people about God as this man went to in his village etc.

Q3. What do the miracles of Jesus teach us about Him?

They show that Jesus is the Son of God.

That Jesus gets power from God.

That Jesus shares his power with His disciples.

The miracles show Jesus compassion to suffering people e.g. the raising of the widow’s son.

They also show that Jesus is Lord. He is the life and the resurrection.

That affirms that Jesus came to save man from sin.

They show that Jesus is a universal savior e.g. the Gesarone demoniac who was a gentile.

They were part of His teaching – they helped Him teach.

Through them He showed the concern for human life, physically, spiritually and mentally.

LESSON 12: COMMISSIONING OF THE TWELVE DISCIPLES (LK 1:1-10)

Q1. What is the role of the clergy in Kenya?

To preach the word of God.

To advise the leaders.

To warn evildoers against their sins.

To condemn evil.

Pray for the needy

Help the needy e.g. give them food, shelter etc.

Hold seminars/workshops where they lead people into forgiveness

Being a good example for emulation

Q2. How does the church participate in the upkeep of the clergy?

By giving sadaka

By giving 1/10 of their income

They pay for their training.

Fundraisings for building theological institutions

Building their residential houses in the church compound.

Giving ‘matega’ – foodstuffs as part of sadaka during service

LESSON 13: THE TRANSFIGURATION

Q2. Describe the transfiguration of Jesus (Luke 9:28-37)

Jesus needed encouragement and reassurance that what He was about to do was the will of His Father.

Therefore He took with Him Peter, James and John and went to Mount Hermon to pray.

As He prayed, His appearance was changed and His face became dazzling white.

Two men, Elijah & Moses appeared and talked of His departure (death), which He was to accomplish in Jerusalem.

The disciples were asleep as this happened.

When they woke up, they saw glory and the two men who stood with Him.

And as the men were parting form Him, Peter said to Jesus, ‘Master, it is well that we are here, Let us make booths, one for you, one for Elijah and one for Moses.

As he said this, a cloud cursed the whole area and they were afraid.

A voice came out of the cloud saying, ‘this is my only son, my chosen, Listen to Him.’

Q3. What is the significance of the transfiguration of Jesus (Lk 9:28-37)?

A voice from heaven confirmed that Jesus was the Son of God.

It strengthened the faith of the disciples so that they would continue with His work after death.

It showed that Jesus had fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies and God. This is seen with the appearance of Elijah and Moses.

The cloud was a symbol of God’s presence.

It was a sign that Jesus’ mission was no longer a secret. It marked the onset of His passion, which would lead to His death.

It confirmed to Jesus that He was doing the right thing and God was in support of His suffering.

It shows that faith in prayer can lead us to God’s presence.

THE JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM

DUTIES, PRIVILEGES AND COST OF DISCIPLESHIP

Q1. What are the characteristics of a true follower of Jesus?

Following Jesus means accepting homelessness and enduring hardship because Jesus did not have a permanent home.

Being a disciple of Jesus means self-denial and suffering.

Being ready to give e.g. to the needy

To spread Christianity and make Jesus known.

Following Jesus means being loyal to Him.

Q2. State the privileges of being a disciple of Jesus

One becomes a member of the Kingdom of God.

One is assured of eternal life.

He has the joy of winning others to the Kingdom of God through preaching.

Q3 why did Jesus choose the 12 disciples?

In order to help Him in the work of spreading the good news

So as to belong to the Kingdom of God and get eternal life

To witness to his work

To share with them the power of God e.g. in performing miracles.

For Company as He worked.

A COMMITED FOLLOWER OF JESUS Lk 10:25 11:1-13

(Note: Not the parable of the Samaritans)

Q1. From the teaching of Jesus on the parable of the Good Samaritan, who do you think is a committed follower of Jesus?

One who understands the law and obeys i

One who understands that a neighbor is anybody who requires help regardless of their social status

One who uses his resources selflessly to help the needy

One who is not restricted by cultural and religious practices in responding to a needy situation

One who is compassionate, kind and generous

One who shows solidarity with the suffering, this includes identifying with the needy and being ready to experience their suffering.

LESSON 3: JESUS’ TEACHING ON PRAYER

Q1. What did Jesus teach about prayer?

Jesus taught that prayer must be persistent, use the parable of Friend at Midnight.

Prayer should be done in a private place.

It should be genuine.

One should not be proud when praying e.g. the parable of the tax collector and the Pharisee.

One should have faith during prayer.

One should pray always/continuously.

There is no formula in prayer. One should address God as a father.

Honestly confess sin as they pray.

Qs 1 & 2 is out of topic.

 

LESSON 5: JESUS’ TEACHINGS ON HYPOCRISY, WEALTH, WATCHFULNESS AND READINESS

Q1. Hypocrisy – In what areas were the Pharisees hypocritical?

In the washing of hands, cups and dishes which were done ceremoniously He told them to pay attention to issues of charity than external appearance.

Tithing habits – They paid this well for the support of priests but neglected justice and love for God.

He criticized them for recognition in the synagogues by taking reserved seats and their desire to be noticed at market places by wearing long white robes.

He accused them of being like their ancestors who persecuted the prophets of God.

LESSON 6: JESUS’ TEACHINGS ON WEALTH AND POVERTY

Read Lk: 11:13-34: Parable of the rich fool

Q1. From the parable of the rich fool, what can Christians learn about the use of wealth?

Material wealth should come second after God.

We should try to help the poor.

It teaches that wealth comes from God.

Wealth should not be misused e.g. in drinking, etc.

We should thank God for wealth received.

It can make Christians to forget God.

Q2. Narrate the parable of the shrewd manager

Jesus taught the following parable about a rich man and his servant.

A rich man wanted to sack his manager. He called the manager and asked him for a full account of how the property was being managed.

The manager knew he was going to be sacked. He made friends with some of his master’s debtors so that they would take care of him if he got sacked.

One debtor who owed 100 barrels of olive oil was asked to pay 50 barrels and one who owed 1000 was asked to pay 800 barrels.

The master praised him for being wise and acting property in his moment of crisis.

LESSION 8: TEACHING ON FORGIVENESS

What were the teachings of Jesus on forgiveness?

Jesus taught that one should forgive and forget

All sins are equal before the eyes of God.

One ought to ask for forgiveness after he has wronged.

One should forgive as many times as he is offended.

One should have faith when asking for forgiveness.

PERSISTENCE IN PRAYER

Q1. State the parable of the widow and the unjust judge 18: 1-8

Jesus told the Pharisees a parable to the effect that they ought always to pray and not lose heart.

In a certain city there was a judge who neither feared God nor regarded man.

And there was a widow in that city which kept coming to him and wanted her right given.

For a while he refused, but afterwards he said to himself, though I neither fear God nor regard man, yet because this widow bothers me, I will allow her set her right or she will wear me out by her continual coming.

And the Lord said, “Hear what the unrighteous judge says, and will he not vindicate His elect who cry to Him day and night?

Will he delays long over them, I, you, He will vindicate them speedily.

LESSON 10: THE WAY TO SALVATION Lk 18: 15 – 19

Q1: What did Jesus teach by using the example of little children?

Jesus said, ‘Let little children come to me because the kingdom of God belongs to such as them.

He went on to tell them that for one to enter God’s kingdom, he must humble himself like children.

This is because children are powerless, innocent and open.

Jesus taught that the kingdom of God is for those who are simple, humble, innocent and trusting like children.

Q2. Give an account of how Jesus healed the blind beggar (18:35-43)

A blind man recognized Jesus as the messiah.

The blind man asked Jesus to heal him.

He received his sight because of his faith.

He followed Jesus, giving thanks to God.

To receive salvation one needs to be bold and determined.

We should seek Christ to heal our physical and spiritual blindness.

Q3. Explain the relevance of Jesus’ teaching on salvation to Christians

Christians learn that they need to repent their sins and seek forgiveness in order to receive salvation and eternal life.

They need to humble themselves like children in order to earn salvation.

They learn to obey the commandments of God so as to receive salvation.

Use their abilities to glorify God e.g. the rich man’s parable

They too learn that wealth can be a hindrance to salvation.

They learn that salvation is given to all by God.

TOPIC FIVE: THE JERUSALEM MINISTRY

Qn a. describe Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem according to Luke chapter 19: 29-30

  • After his journey from Galilee ended, Jesus approached Jerusalem passing through Bethaphage,

Bethany and the mount olives

  • He sent two of his disciples to a village to get him a donkey on which nobody had ridden
  • He gave the disciples instructions that if the owner of the donkey demanded to know why they were untying it, they were to respond, “The lord has need for it”
  • When they got the donkey, they threw their garments on it and helped Jesus to sit on it
  • As Jesus rode along, they spread their garments on the road
  • The crowds following him rejoiced and praised God for all the wonderful work Jesus had done this included: teaching, healing and feeding the hungry
  • The crowds sang, “Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the lord. Peace in heaven and glory in the highest”. By singing, the crowds acclaimed Jesus as king.
  • The Pharisees objected to the crowds singing and asked Jesus to silence them
  • Jesus responded that if his followers were silent, “the very stones would cry out”. Insensitive than stones not to know what was happening, that is, the Messiah has come

Qn b. What does the manner of Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem reveal about the nature of the kingdom of God?

  • Jesus was a descendant of David, prophesied Messiah and son of God
  • Jesus is a triumphant, victorious yet a humble king. A donkey is a symbol of humility and peace. So he came to establish a peaceful kingdom
  • Jesus wanted to proclaim the coming of his kingdom but not as an earthly/ military leader, thus leading them to lay their garments for him to step on. In doing this, they were acknowledging Jesus as

Jerusalem’s promised king

  • Jesus was greeted as a king the same way the kings of Israel were greeted with acclamation and joy
  • By riding on a donkey, Jesus fulfilled the prophesy of Zechariah which says, the king is coming riding on a donkey triumphant, humble and victorious
  • Christianity is not propagated through violent means but peace

Qn c. What lessons can Christians learn fro Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem?

  • Christians learn that they should be prepared to receive Jesus into their lives like the crowd which escorted him to Jerusalem
  • Christians also learn that they should emulate Jesus and be channels of peace in their communities
  • They also learn that they should expect opposition and resistance as they witness to Christ. They should not give up hope
  • Christians learn that they should be humble like Jesus in their service to others
  • Christians should thank and praise God for his intervention in their lives by sending Jesus
  • They should be bold in their witnessing to Christ like the crowds that followed Jesus to Jerusalem and

Qn d. State and explain why Jesus wept over Jerusalem.

  • When Jesus came close to the city of Jerusalem he wept over it saying, “If you only knew what is needed for peace! But now you cannot see it! The time will come when your enemies will surround you with barricades block you and close in on you from every side. They will completely destroy you and the people within your walls, not a single stone will they leave in its place because you did not recognize the time when God came to save you”.
  • According to Luke, all song and rejoicing stopped suddenly when Jesus was deeply distressed at the sight of Jerusalem
  • Jesus knew that Jerusalem (the city of peace) would reject his final appeal and by so doing would bring judgment down on itself. The destruction of the city is viewed as the consequence of its rejection of

Jesus. They cannot see when the true peace comes in the person of Jesus. The coming destruction is a symbol of God’s judgment on lack of trust. The tears of Jerusalem are the tears of tragedy.

  • The heart of the tragedy is that Jerusalem did not recognize the time when God came to save them
  • Now Jesus says that Jerusalem was not ready to receive him as their savior and this would lead to her ruin
  • Just like the Babylonians were God’s instruments of destruction of Jerusalem during the time of

Jeremiah, so will the Romans be instruments of destruction of Jerusalem

  • Jerusalem was completely destroyed by the Roman armies in the year A.D 70

Qn e. Explain the cleansing of the temple.

  • While in Jerusalem, Jesus entered the temple where he found people buying and selling
  • He drove them out and overturned their tables saying that they had turned his father’s house into a den of robbers
  • Here Luke uses this incidence to show how Jerusalem was still unprepared for the day of God’s visit
  • Jesus carried out a symbolic act by driving out those who were buying and selling in the temple
  • Jesus used the words of Jeremiah who too attacked the in his time for turning the temple into a hideout for thieves
  • According to Jesus the temple will no longer give them the sense of security because it will be destroyed
  • Although the temple will be destroyed, a new one will be built. This is the Christian community, which will be a house o prayer for all nations. The new temple will not be limited to Jesus alone but to all people
  • In short Jesus is the Messiah. He exposed the unrighteousness of public life in Jerusalem by attacking the merchants in the temple

Qn f. Give reasons why Jesus cleansed the temple of Jerusalem

  • The temple authorities had allowed a market in the court of the gentiles where the everyday money issued by the Roman government could be exchanged for the special temple coins which had to be used for paying the temple tax
  • In the same place they could also buy the animals needed for sacrifice. These animals had to be certified as acceptable
  • But both the changing of money and the certifying of animals gave ample opportunity for making exorbitant profits
  • Jesus made his protest because all this trading was hiding for the real purpose of the temple and prevented Israel from being a light to the gentiles. For this reason, the temple would be destroyed because it was no longer serving as “a house of prayer”.

Qn g. What lessons can Christians learn from the cleansing of the temple?

  • Christians learn that they should respect the house of God and use it appropriately
  • Christian leaders should avoid exploiting members through asking for excessive contributions
  • Christians should pay more attention to inward righteousness than external observance of rituals
  • Christians should have more courage like Jesus to condemn evil practices by leaders in the church and society
  • Christians should be exemplary with their life styles so as to win others to the kingdom
  • Finally the cleansing of the temple by Jesus provides valuable lesson to Christians who are called upon to be Christ’s ambassadors. There are many incidents where churches have been subjected to disrespect and dishonor and this discourages many people from knowing God. Christians should also avoid leadership wrangles, corruption, sexual abuse, gossip and many others that have caused churches to split

Qn h. Explain Jesus’ conflict with the Jewish leaders

  • In a series of conflicts in and around the temple between Jesus and the official leaders of the Jewish nation, the public ministry of Jesus came to its close
  • After the cleansing the temple, he daily dominated the temple area teaching large crowds. His popularity grew steadily and the leaders felt the threat against their own position. They could not allow this to go on but they were afraid to arrest Jesus. In the end they tried to trap him into making statements which would either get him into trouble with the Roman authorities or discredit him before the people
  • First Jesus was challenged about his authority. The Jewish religious leaders wondered whose authority

Jesus used. They wanted to know which Rabii taught him or to which Jewish religious groups he belonged to i.e. the Pharisees or the Sadducees

  • If Jesus proclaimed himself as the Messiah he could be accused before the Roman authorities for rebellion
  • If he refused to make his claim the crowds would soon leave him alone
  • But Jesus skillfully defeated his adversaries. He invited them to answer their own question. “Tell me, did John’s right to baptize come from God or human beings?”
  • Whatever answer they gave to Jesus’ question about John the Baptist would apply in even stronger measures to their own question about Jesus
  • But they had never supported John and they could no now admit that his right to baptize came from

God

  • If they did they would also have to accept Jesus whom John had announced. Neither could they say

John was a prophet for that would bring trouble from the people who held John in high self-esteem

Qn i. Describe the parable of the tenants in the vineyard

  • After the question of Jesus’ authority, Jesus challenged the Jewish leaders by telling them the parable of the wicked tenants. He said that there was once a man, who planted a vineyard, let it to the tenants and then left home for a long time
  • When the time came to gather the grapes, he sent a slave to the tenants to receive from them his share of the harvest but the tenants beat the slaves and sent him back without a thing. The same treatment was given to the second and the third slave
  • The owner decided to send his own son whom they killed. He therefore decided to come by himself, killed the tenants and handed over the vineyard to other men
  • When the people heard this they said, “Surely not” but Jesus explained to them “the stone which the builders rejected as worthless turned out to be the most important of all. And every one who falls on the stone will be cut to pieces and if that stone falls on someone, it will crush him to dust
  • In this parable, the vineyard represents God’s kingdom, Israel. The servants are the prophets sent to Israel and they are rejected. The son here represents Jesus and the owner is God who will bring judgment on Israel
  • The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone this shows that Jesus saw himself as the rejected but most important. He makes a new foundation of Israel for both Jews and Gentiles. On hearing this, the Pharisees wanted to seize Jesus but were afraid of the people

Qn j. what is the relevance of the parable of the tenants?

  • Over the centuries the situation has not changed. Jesus is still rejected by nations and by men
  • What happened to Jesus happened as he foretold those who follow him
  • Church history reveals many examples of men rejected by political and religious leaders and by the people their time and who have later been seen as the key man in the revelation of God’s purpose
  • As Christians we should also pray for strength and guidance from God to be able to deal with rejection
  • As Christians we should not fear rejection but stand firm for the truth
  • Christians should also seek pastoral counseling from the church leaders and other Christians. When we endure persecution we may be finally proved right

Qn k. the question about paying taxes

  • The teachers of law and the chief priest, after falling to arrest Jesus bribed some spies to ask whether it was right for them to pay taxes to Caesar or not
  • The Israelites were compelled to pay taxes to the Romans who controlled them
  • Many resented this because according to them payment of taxes using coins which had some emperors image was a violation of the Jewish law which forbade the use of images
  • If Jesus would tell them to pay, the people would be against him for supporting Roman rule over them
  • Many resented this because according to them people would be against him for supporting Roman rule over them
  • If he told them not to pay, they would accuse him to the Roman authorities
  • Jesus knew their trick and wanted his questioners to make their own decision about the issue
  • According to him it was right for the Roman government to exert the tax payments without demeaning God’s authority
  • In other words, by having the silver coin in their possession, the Jews accepted Roman authority
  • They had a duty to pay tax to the emperor because they enjoyed the benefit of the Roman rule
  • At the same time they had a duty to be loyal to God. A person’s loyalty should not be owed to the state or Caesar

Qn l. explain the question about resurrection

  • The Sadducees raised the question concerning marriage an resurrection or life after death
  • They asked Jesus whose wife a woman would be in the resurrection when she married seven brothers who had died without bearing children
  • The question was meant or designed to make Jesus look foolish thus to shame him. This would undermine the popular support that we had prevented action against Jesus
  • In his response, Jesus made the following observations
  • He does not accept the assumption that marriage continues after resurrection
  • Quoting from exodus a book that the Sadducees accepted, Jesus confirms that there is life after death
  • The resurrection life is different from earthly life
  • It is a new existence where those who resurrect, live with God as his children in eternity

Qn m. what is eschatology?

  • The term eschatology is derived from two Greek words ’Eschatus’ and ‘Lagos’, which means end and study respectively
  • Eschatology therefore is the study of the last things such as death, judgment, and life after death and the end of the world
  • Jesus talked about the end of the world to his disciples just before he was arrested

Qn n. what will happen at the end of the world (eschatology) according to Jesus’ teaching in Luke’s gospel 21: 5-38?

  • Jesus taught his disciples about the end times in the temple of Jerusalem
  • In his speech, he talked about what will happen to the city of Jerusalem and the world at the end of time
  • Jerusalem was going to be destroyed because of her refusal to recognize and accept the Messiah
  • Jesus told the disciples of the signs that would accompany the end of the world
  • People come claiming to be Jesus the Messiah, the son of God
  • There will be wars between nations
  • Natural calamities like earthquakes, famines and plagues will occur
  • Strange heavenly beings will come from the sky
  • There will be disruption in the sky and in the sea
  • All nations will be in despair
  • People will faint from fear as they witness these signs
  • At the end of all these, the son of man will appear in power and glory
  • Jesus’ teaching of the end times was meant to provide encouragement to the disciples in difficult times
  • They were expected to have hope

Qn o. how do Christians prepare for the second coming of Christ?

  • Christians should prepare for the second coming of Christ by not losing hope in the face of trials and tribulations because the kingdom of God with its promises of a new life will definitely come
  • They prepare for his second coming by leading a righteous life. They are to avoid too much feasting and drinking
  • They should prepare by being watchful through prayers so that God will give them courage and strength to stand firm in their faith
  • They should prepare by preaching the word of God to those who have not heard it
  • They should prepare by being obedient to God’s commandments
  • They should prepare by helping the needy
  • They should prepare by preaching and evangelizing and converting others

TOPIC SIX: THE PASSION, DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST

THE LORD’S SUPPER

Qn a. gives the different names used in reference to the Lord’s Supper by Christians in different churches

  • The holy Eucharist
  • The mass
  • The Lord’s Table or the table of the lord
  • The Holy Communion
  • The Last Supper
  • The breaking of bread
  • The sacrament

Qn b. describe the institution of the Lord’s Supper

  • Jesus was at the last supper with his disciples the night he was betrayed
  • In the room which had been arranged by Jesus. He told his disciples how much he had longed to eat the Passover meal with them before he suffered death
  • He took a piece of bread and gave thanks to God and broke it. He gave it to them saying, “This is my body which is given for you. So do this in memory of me”
  • He took a cup of wine and gave thanks to God and said “ take this and share it among yourselves”
  • He also gave them a cup of wine after supper saying “ this cup is God’s new covenant sealed with my blood which is poured out for you

Qn c. state the Christian teachings about the Lord’s Supper

  • The Last Supper was inaugurated by Jesus
  • It’s celebration of the crucified and rise Christ
  • The Lord’s Supper is a gift from God
  • It is a sacrifice of praise and thanks giving
  • It is the church’s effective proclamation of God’s mighty works acts and promises
  • It is a sign of the unity of the church or the believers
  • It is a new paschal meal of the church. The meal, which by visible signs communicates God’s love in

Jesus Christ. It is the sacrament of Christ’s real presence

  • The bread is a symbol of the body of Christ which was crucified
  • The wine or cup is a symbol of his blood, which was shed. It is the blood of the new covenant
  • It is a fore state of Christ’s passion and of the final kingdom. It is symbolic of the heavenly banquet
  • It is central to Christian worship. (Eucharist)

Qn d. what is the meaning of the Lord’s Supper to Christians?

  • The sacramental meal communicates God’s love in Christ
  • The washing of the disciple’s feet by Jesus signifies humble service to and love for one another
  • They proclaim the lord’s death until his second coming
  • They share in the body of Christ
  • The unity of Christians is evidenced
  • The bread symbolizes the body of Jesus which was crucified on the cross for the sins of human kind and for the healing of their diseases
  • The wine symbolizes the blood of Jesus which was shed for forgiveness of sins
  • The wine also symbolizes the sealing of a new covenant
  • The partaking of the Lord’s Supper strengthens the faith of believers in that, Christ’s presence is felt and in this way they constantly keep in touch with him
  • The Lord’s Supper enhances a personal relationship between the individual believer and Christ
  • It is thanksgiving to God for everything accomplished in creation, redemption and sanctification
  • Through the Holy Communion, Christians offer themselves as a holy and living sacrifice. They rededicate and renew themselves. Those who share in the sacred meal declare their loyalty to Christ
  • The Lord’s Supper is an act of repentance. The partakers receive re-assurance of the forgiveness of sins and are assured of salvation
  • The bread and the wine which represents the body and blood of Jesus become the final sacrifice replacing all O.T sacrifices that were offered for the salvation of the human race

Qn f. Prayer on mount olives

  • After celebrating the last supper, Jesus and his disciples went to mount olives
  • He knelt down and prayed and asked his disciples to join him
  • In response, God sent an angel from heaven to encourage him
  • Jesus prayed in agony until his sweat was like drops of blood
  • This sweat which was like blood was an indication of the struggle and agony he went through to accept the will of his father
  • Though Jesus suffered agony and turmoil, he approached it with great courage and composure
  • His suffering was even greater for it involved more than physical pain. It meant bearing the sin of the world
  • So he prayed to God, his father to give him strength for his coming mission
  • When he went back to his disciples, he found them asleep a sign of moral and physical exhaustion or maybe it was an indication that they were in sorrow because Jesus had told them he was about to be crucified
  • In conclusion, we can say that Jesus expressed an inner struggle about the fulfillment of his Messianic mission. So he prayed to God to help him bear the suffering. Prayer was very important in Jesus’ ministry

Qn g. describe the betrayal and arrest of Jesus

  • When Jesus came down from Mt. Olives he met a multitude of people
  • Judas Iscariot appeared accompanied by a large crowd, the chief priest, elders and the temple guards who had ordered to arrest Jesus
  • Judas Iscariot came forth and kissed Jesus. This was a sign identifying Jesus as the man they were looking for. That kiss was the betrayal
  • When the disciples noticed what was happening one of them used his sword to cut off the ear of a high priest’s slave
  • In other words Jesus stopped his disciples from resisting his arrest
  • By rejecting armed assistance, Jesus was refusing the role of a political Messiah
  • Jesus was arrested and taken to the house of the chief priest Annas

Qn h. state the reasons that made Judas Iscariot to betray Jesus

  • He lacked moral courage to stand by Jesus during his moment
  • He could have been an informer of the Jewish religious leaders
  • He was overcome by the power of evil
  • He was disappointed by Jesus’ teaching on spiritual kingdom rather than fulfilling the Jewish expectation of a political Messiah who could liberate them from the Roman rule
  • He was a mercenary motivated by greed for money
  • He had little faith in Jesus or lost his trust in Jesus Christ
  • He was not loyal to the master
  • He was a northerner who felt foreign and thus was jealous against other disciples
  • He was a zealot who believed in war rather than peace

Qn i. Describe the trial of Jesus under the following

The council of Sanhedrin

  • Jesus was brought to the Sanhedrin council early in the morning following his arrest
  • The council of elders asked him if he was the Messiah
  • Jesus responded by speaking of the son of the man coming in triumph
  • The Sanhedrin accused him of the sin of blasphemy for allegedly claiming to be the son of God
  • He was condemned to die for alleged blasphemy
  • In the Jewish law, blasphemy was punishable by death

The trial before Pilate

  • Since the Sanhedrin could not carry out the death sentence, they took Jesus to the Roman governor Pilate
  • They accused Jesus of inciting the people to revolt, forbidding payment of taxes and claiming to be a king in rebellion to Roman authority
  • They could not accuse Jesus of blasphemy. This charge would not be accepted under Roman law
  • However, by taking Jesus to Pilate, the Jewish religious leaders wanted the Roman authority to take responsibility for Jesus’ death

The trial before Herod

  • Jesus’ ministry works had mesmerized Herod. So when Pilate learned that Jesus was from Galilee, he handed him over to Herod who was the district officer of Galilee and happened to be in Jerusalem at that time
  • The trial of Jesus before Herod (only mentioned in St. Luke’s gospel) is not really a trial because King Herod only wanted to satisfy his curiosity about Jesus
  • He joined the soldiers in mocking Jesus
  • Jesus refused to answer Herod’s questions and he consequently sent Jesus back to Pilate
  • Interestingly the mockery by Herod and his soldiers as another step in the public ridicule of Jesus. It will continue as he hangs on the cross

Pilate’s judgment

  • Jesus was brought to Pilate a second time
  • Pilate reiterated that he found Jesus not guilty of any crime
  • The chief priests prevailed upon Pilate who passed a sentence of death on Jesus to die by crucifixion.

This was the punishment of high treason according to the Roman law

  • The Jewish leaders asked that Barnabas a criminal be released instead of Jesus
  • It was customary for a convicted person to be released during the Passover
  • So the Jewish leaders and not the Jewish people or Pilate were responsible for Jesus’ death
  • Jesus was killed because of the blind hatred of the Jewish leaders

Qn j. why do you think Pilate agreed to have Jesus crucified?

  • He was afraid of a Jew revolt. It was his duty to maintain peace in his territory in accordance with the expectations of the Roman emperor. If he had released Jesus, the Jew would have caused a disturbance
  • He did not want to be disloyal to the Roman emperor after learning that Jesus had been accused of treason. Disloyalty could have resulted in losing favor with the emperor and consequently his job • He washed his hands. This means that he was absolving himself of the guilt of having Jesus crucified.

This is because he had learnt from the Jewish leaders that Jesus was the Son of God. His wife had also cautioned him about Jesus’ innocence. Pilate himself had found no evidence to convict Jesus

Qn k. Identify and explain the lessons that Christians learn from the actions of Pilate during the trial of Jesus

  • Jesus is the king of the Jews
  • Jesus is without sin. Pilate found no guilt in Jesus and he sent him to Herod
  • Pilate gave in to their demands on the grounds of treason- Christians should refrain from giving false witness
  • Pilate was afraid of a revolt. It was his duty to maintain peace as a Roman officer. Christians learn that they should not be compromised by worldly standards
  • Christians should stand firm for the truth because the truth will always prevail
  • Christians should strive not to lose favor with God. They should desire to please God rather than man
  • Pilate washed his hands he learnt that Jesus is truly the son of God (innocent)
  • Great evil can happen when the truth is at the mercy of political pressure
  • Christians should take time before making decisions
  • Resisting the truth leaves a person without purpose or direction

Qn l. actions taken by the Jewish leaders to ensure that Jesus was put to death

  • They paid Judas Iscariot to betray him
  • They bought false witnesses to accuse him of blasphemy before Sanhedrin/ blasphemy was punishable by stoning to death
  • They hurriedly tried Jesus at night before people knew what was happening
  • They framed treason charge against Jesus when he appeared before Pilate/ treason carried a death sentence
  • They employed armed temple guards and armored soldiers to deal with those who would fight for

Jesus

  • They blackmailed Pilate to have Jesus crucified
  • They organized a mob to shout for the death of Jesus and release of Barnabas
  • They crucified him dead when they got permission from Pilate

Qn m. explain the crucifixion of Jesus

  • Jesus was given the cross beam to carry to his crucifixion site
  • Simon of Cyrene helped him carry it
  • A group of women followed Jesus and wept over his plight
  • Jesus asked them to weep over themselves and their children
  • He talked about the impending destruction coming over Jerusalem
  • Jesus eventually arrived at Golgotha and was nailed on the cross
  • Two criminals were crucified on either of his sides
  • After his crucifixion, the soldiers cast lots to divide his garments. This action fulfilled psalms 22: 18,

Jesus is the righteous Messiah who suffers unjustly and is mocked by people as he cries to God

  • The soldiers, Jewish leaders and one of the thieves mocked Jesus for claiming to be the royal Messiah
  • Jesus is mocked with the challenge to save himself
  • One of the criminals crucified with Jesus usually referred to as the repentant thief acknowledged Jesus as the Messiah and admitted the justness of his own condemnation
  • Above Jesus it was written, “This is the king of Jews”
  • Jesus forgave his killers and all those who had accused him falsely. He promised one of the thieves hanging on the cross a place in paradise

Qn n. describe the death of Jesus

  • The death of Jesus was preceded by extra ordinary happenings
  • Darkness covered the land for three hours
  • The curtain in the temple tore into two
  • Jesus died after crying “father into thy hands I commit my spirit”
  • On seeing Jesus die, the Roman centurion who was present testified to Jesus’ innocence. As he recognized Jesus’ lordship
  • In his death, Jesus showed total commitment to God’s will

 

Qn o. the burial of Jesus

  • Joseph of Arimathea, a rich and righteous member of the Sanhedrin asked Pilate to allow him bury

Jesus

  • Joseph could have been a secret disciple of Jesus
  • Jesus’ burial in Joseph’s grave fulfilled Isaiah’s prophesy concerning the suffering servant of Yahweh who was buried in a rich man’s tomb
  • A group of women followed Joseph and saw where he buried Jesus
  • They went back home to prepare spices with which to wash Jesus’ body after the Sabbath
  • Jesus was indeed a king judged by the way he was buried

THE RESURRECTION:

Qn p. define the term resurrection

The term resurrection refers to the event of Jesus rising from the dead. This event took place on the third day i.e. the Sunday morning after Jesus was crucified on Friday afternoon

Qn q. the witnesses of the risen Christ

The testimony of the repentant thief

  • He rebuked his unrepentant companion
  • He recognized his own sinful condition
  • He declared Jesus to be sinless
  • He professed in Jesus’ true Messiah-ship and Lordship
  • He recognized that Jesus would live and exercise his saving power after he died

The testimony of Joseph of Arimathea

  • Joseph of Arimathea was a secret disciple of Christ
  • He witnessed to the lordship of Jesus Christ after his death by his actions
  • He did this by seeking permission from Pilate to bury the body of Jesus
  • By giving Jesus this royal burial he was witnessing to the truth that Jesus was king

Testimony of the holy woman

  • On the day after the Sabbath, Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Jesus went to the tomb planning to prepare Jesus’ body for a proper burial
  • On arrival, they found the stone covering the tomb had been rolled away
  • The tomb was also empty
  • Two men in dazzling clothes confirmed that Jesus had risen as he had prophesied. The two men were angles
  • When the women learnt of Jesus’ resurrection, they broke the news to the apostils and all the others.

The apostles rejected the women’s testimony

The testimony of disciples on their way to Emmaus

  • Jesus appeared to the disciples who were on their way to Emmaus
  • They were discussing Jesus’ suffering, death and the empty tomb
  • They regarded Jesus’ death as a tragedy, for they had hoped he would liberate the Jews from the Roman rule
  • Jesus explained to the scriptures, which say the messiah would suffer to reach his glory.
  • They invited Jesus to dine with them
  • Jesus shared the Holy Eucharist with them before they recognized whom he was at the breaking of the bread
  • The disciples at Emmaus thus became the second witnesses to the risen Christ. The effect of this testimony is that the disciples went and told the eleven apostles about their encounter with the risen

Christ

Qn r. the appearance of Jesus to the disciples

  • As the disciples narrated their encounter with Jesus to the eleven apostles, Jesus appeared to them
  • Jesus asked them to confirm that he had risen by touching his body
  • He explained to the apostles his mission through telling them the prophesies about him in the law of Moses, prophets and psalms
  • Jesus brought his disciples to be witnesses by proclaiming repentance and forgiveness of sins
  • He tested some cooked fish
  • He promised that he was going to be with them through the power of the Holy Spirit

 

THE ASCENSION OF JESUS

Qn s. Describe the ascension of Jesus

  • From Jerusalem Jesus led his disciples to Bethany
  • He raised his hands blessed the disciples and lifted to heaven
  • The disciples returned and witnessed Jesus’ ascension with joy
  • They continued to go to the temple to pray to God waiting for the Holy Spirit that Jesus had promised them
  • From this incidence where Jesus blessed the disciples, we learn that the disciples became confident about their mission. This earlier disbelief and blindness to who Jesus was now overcome

Qn t. Give five evidences from the bible that show that Jesus Christ rose from the dead

  • The tomb was empty
  • Assurance of the angle to the women that Jesus had risen
  • Thomas witnessed the resurrection by feeling the scars on Jesus’ hands
  • The women who had gone to the tomb had found it empty
  • The disciples witnessed his resurrection when he appeared to the two disciples at Emmaus
  • Jesus shared a meal with his disciples after his resurrection in Jerusalem
  • Jesus walked with the disciples up to Bethany prior to his ascension

Qn t. explain the significance of passion, death and the resurrection of Jesus to Christian life

  • The passion deed and resurrection refers to seven incidences namely, Jesus’ last supper, suffering in the garden, suffering before Sanhedrin, Pilate and Herod; mocking by the soldiers, death on the cross, resurrection and ascension
  • Those events are of great significance to the modern Christians. First they proof that Jesus was indeed the son of God and the Messiah
  • The passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ was a fulfillment of the Old Testament prophesies and Psalms
  • The resurrection resulted in the rapid spread of the church. The spread of the church is as a result of the risen Christ and the influence of the Holy Spirit
  • The resurrection is thus the basis/ the central idea or foundation in the Christian faith and missionary activity; if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is useless and you believing it is useless
  • The passion, death and resurrection reveal the power of God to those who believe in him. They also prove that Jesus who was God’s triumphant envoy is alive and Christians are assured living again after the physical death
  • The raising of Jesus from the dead proved that Jesus was not only man but lord over human life so that Christians share in his life on earth by believing in him and living according to the fruits of the Holy Spirit
  • The resurrection of Jesus is a source of inspiration and confidence in Christians. It also points to the fact that Jesus was a man of his word i.e. he fore told the resurrection and it came to pass. His resurrection was a real fact because he showed his disciples the crucifixion marks
  • All that happened during the passion, death and resurrection of Christ was just a completion of God’s revelation through Christ
  • They also point to the power and glory of God in which those who believe share in the hope of their own resurrection in the second coming of Jesus

Qn v. the significance of Jesus’ resurrection to Christians today

  • It is the foundation of the Christian faith and hope which their belief would be useless
  • Christian faith would be in vain (futile) if Jesus had not resurrected
  • Through resurrection Christians have confidence and hope in God because the one they believe in has been exalted and sits at the right hand of God almighty
  • Through the resurrection, Christians are given hope of eternal life
  • The resurrection of Jesus led to the coming of the Holy Spirit which helps Christians to live according to the teachings of Christ, preach the gospel and speak boldly against the evils in the society
  • The resurrection give meaning to baptism in that one dies in sin and is raised with Christ to new life
  • The resurrection confirms the divinity of Jesus as the true son of God
  • The resurrection gives Christians courage to face death because they have hope of resurrecting at his second return
  • It is remembered by Christians during the Eucharist

Qn w. explain five importance of Eulogy of death in the society today

  • It enables mourners to know the cause or nature of death
  • It enables the mourners to forgive the dead person in case of any grudge between them and the dead person
  • It enables the mourners to ask for forgiveness from the dead person
  • It enables the mourners know the wish or last words of the deceased before he/ she died
  • Mourners have an opportunity to declare what they owe or are owed by the dead
  • It enables mourners to know the contribution of work of the dead to the society
  • It provides the mourners with an opportunity to know the nature or character of the dead and his/her social life
  • It enables mourners to know the background or life history of the deceased e.g. education.

 

FORM THREE NOTES

 

SELECTED TEACHINGS FROM THE NEW AND THE OLD TESTAMENTS

GIFTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

TEACHINGS OF JESUS ON THE ROLE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. Read JOHN 14:15-26, 16: 5-15, And ACTS 1: 7- 8

Introduction

The Holy Spirit is the third person in the trinity. There is the power of Christ, the power of God, and the Holy Spirit who gives gifts such as prophecy and healing. The Holy Spirit is mentioned several times in the Bible; (1) during creation in Genesis, (2) at the annunciation of the birth of Jesus, (3) at the beginning of the ministry of Jesus, (4) during baptism, (5) revelation of Jesus in the temple (6) Jesus spoke of the

Holy Spirit during his mission or ministry, after resurrection and before ascension

  1. The role of Holy Spirit in Church and in Christian lives today.

Read JOHN 14:15-26 and JOHN 16: 5-15, ACTS 1: 7- 8

The Holy Spirit has many roles in the church and in Christian lives today. These roles are to:

Teach Christians on a daily basis messages of Jesus

Live in the hearts of believers of Christ

Be an advocate, a counselor, helper and a comforter to those who love Jesus Christ and obey God’s commandments

He would remind the disciples the words said by Jesus Christ and introduce them to their deeper meanings.

Interpret the deeper meaning of the messages of Jesus Christ

Reveal the truth and mysteries of and about God

Affirm the right of Jesus as the Son of God

Reveal the glory of Jesus death

Reveal what is right and wrong

Give the disciples of Jesus power to become witnesses of Christ.

Give courage to the disciples of Jesus and modern Christians to face prosecution on the account of following Jesus

Enable the disciples to expose the secret lives and heart of sinful people

Guide Christians; help believers to cast away evils spirits, to heal, to preach the word of God, to encourage, and to condemn evil in the society.

  1. Paul teaching about the Gifts of the Holy Spirit. Read 1 Corinthians chapters 12, 13, and 14

Spiritual gifts are extra-ordinary favors, talents, abilities, and dispositions given to Christians by God for the benefit of all believers. The gifts are used for the service of others and not for self-glorification and gratification.

The message of Peter on the day of the Pentecost

Peter told the disciple that what was happening was the fulfillment of Jesus’ prophecy.

– He said that Jesus of Nazareth was the Son of God.

– He said that the suffering and death of Jesus was according to God’s plans.

Death was the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecy.

Gifts of the Holy Spirit

  1. Gift of wisdom: – having deep understanding of issues- ‘seeing far’, being perceptive.
  2. Gift of knowledge: – ability to understand the basic facts about Jesus, His mission and knowledge about spiritual issues.
  3. The gift of faith: – refers to the confidence in God’s help. It is deep trust in God.
  4. The Gift of healing: – ability, and power to heal all forms of sickness by calling upon the name of Jesus

Christ.

  1. The gift of performing miracles: – gift of healing miracles, creative miracles for example, dead legs becoming alive.
  2. 6. The gift of preaching
  3. 7. The gift of prophecy: – the ability to interpret God’s word. The ability to foresee what will happen in the future as revealed by God.
  4. The gift of distinguishing spirits or discernment: – the ability to know whether a spiritual gift is from

God, the Holy Spirit or from the evil spirit

  1. The gift of speaking in tongues. The ability to utter, speak in a tongue, language unknown to the believer. Tongues are used when addressing God for self-edifications. It is personal growth.
  2. The gift of interpretation of tongues: – the ability to understand and interpret the messages of those speaking in tongues.
  3. The gift of love. (Read 1 Corinthians 13)

Paul stressed that all the gifts of the Holy Spirit are to be demonstrated with love. He stressed that love, a fruit of the Holy Spirit is supreme over other spiritual gifts possessed by Christians. It’s the greatest of all. Speaking in tongues, preaching, and martyrdom without love is useless.

Components of Love

Love is patient, kind, not jealous or boastful, not arrogant or rude, is not ill mannered or selfish, and does not insist on its own way. It is not disrespectful. It is not irritable or resentful. It does not rejoice at wrong but rejoices in truth. It bears all things.

Love believes all things, hopes all things, and endures all things. Love is eternal. Love never fails. The other gifts are temporary but love, faith and hope are eternal.

  1. Manifestation of the Holy Spirit in the church and Christians today

Gifts of the Holy Spirit have been manifested in churches today. We see this manifestation through people possessing the gifts of the Holy Spirit. For example, leaders in church have displayed the gift of wisdom. Preachers and Christian’s ministers have been casting out demons and performing healing.

There are reported cases of interpretation of tongues and gift of prophecy in churches today.

When Christians display the gifts of the Holy Spirit such as speaking in tongues the Holy Spirit is manifested. Other manifestations of the Holy Spirit are:

Through healing, prophecy, gifts of discernment, boldness in preaching, and casting out demons among others

Christians helping the poor by giving generosity and in kindness

Through singing, dancing, shouting (fruit of joy)

Through unity of believers and fellowships

Through praying,

Christian’s persecutions/temptations

  1. Criteria for Discerning the Gifts of the Holy Spirit.

Christians who have the Holy Spirit and are guided by Jesus have certain characteristics. These are:

They will confess that Jesus is Lord

They cannot say a curse.

They speak the truth. They worship God and behave in accordance with Jesus teaching.

They led by the Holy Spirit and are known by the fruits of the Holy Spirit. These fruits are love, joy, peace, and patience.

Such persons serve all Christians without discrimination and strife.

They do not do sinful acts such as sexual immorality. They do not practice idolatry, and sorcery. They do not have in their hearts and minds hatred, and jealously or any other negative feelings and actions.

  1. The fruits of the HOLY SPIRIT (GALATIANS 5:16-26)

Paul taught that the fruit of the spirit are: Love, Joy, Patience, Long suffering, Goodness or Generosity, Faith and faithfulness, Peace, Meekness and kindness, gentleness, self- control and temperance.

Answer these questions after reading – JOHN 14:15-26 and JOHN 16: 5-15, ACTS 1: 7- 8 and 1 Corinthians chapters 12, 13, and 14.

  1. What is the role of the Holy Spirit among Christians? (Read a)
  2. Discuss the gifts of the Holy Spirit
  3. Write a talk about the Holy Spirit
  4. Define love?
  5. Describe the different types of love
  6. Why do Christians need the Holy Spirit today?
  7. State the role of love in church and in Christian lives today.
  8. How has the gift of the Holy Spirit been manifested in Christian lives?
  9. Which activities show that the Holy Spirit is working among Christian in Kenya.
  10. How have the gifts of the Holy Spirit been misused in the church today?

Answers are also in the text. Read sections with answers

  1. The role of the Holy Spirit

-An advocate, a counselor and a comforter.

-He would remind and introduce the disciples to the deeper meaning of the word of Jesus Christ. To reveal the myth and mysteries of God.

-He would affirm the right of Jesus as the Son of God.

-He would reveal the glory of Jesus’ death.

-He would enable the disciples to discern and expose the secret heart of sinful men.

  1. The gift of the Holy Spirit has been misused today by pride and public manifestation of the gift as a way of show off. Some Christians have misused the gift of Holy Spirit of prophecy by prophesying for money.

 

PETER’S MESSAGE ON THE DAY OF PENTECOST. Read ACTS 2: 14-41

Introduction

Jews commemorate Pentecost day. This is the day that God gave Moses his laws on Mount Sinai. It is also referred to as the festival of weeks. Pentecost day was celebrated 50 days after the Passover. It was compulsory for all Jews. On this day, Jews brought offering, the first fruits of harvest, to the temple in Jerusalem.

  1. Pentecost a day

On the Pentecostal day, the disciples were gathered in Jerusalem awaiting the promise of the Holy Spirit. And as promised, the Holy Spirit came in the form of a strong wind, and tongues of fire. The Holy

Spirit rested on the head of each disciple. The disciples received the gift of the Holy Spirit. They spoke in new tongues. Some of the observers mistook this experience. They thought that the disciples were drunk with wine.

Peter stood up to explain what was happening and defend the disciples. He told those who saw the experience that the disciples were not drunk. It was in the morning.

  1. Peter’s Message. Read Joel 2: 28 – 32

Peter told the onlookers that; what was happening is fulfillment of Joel’s prophesies about the outpouring of Gods spirit. He said that Jesus of Nazareth was the Son of God. This was proved by the miracles that Jesus performed. He emphasized that the suffering and death of Jesus was according to God’s plans. Jesus is a descendant of David. Death and the resurrection of Jesus fulfilled prophesies in the Old Testament.

God raised Jesus from the dead. He taught that Jesus had both the nature of God and Man. The apostles are the living witnesses of the resurrection of Jesus. Jesus has been exalted and sits on the right hand of God where He is Lord and Judge. They holy Spirit is a gift from Jesus

Peter then invited the listeners to repentance so that they could be forgiven and receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. Three thousand souls accepted salvation message and were added to the fellowship of the disciples.

  1. After the Holy Spirit infilling.

The disciples sold their possessions and goods and assisted the needy. They did many wonders and signs. They continued to live in unity, worshiping God, fellowshipping together, and breaking the bread.

  1. Lessons Christians learn from Leadership of Peter.

Christians should be:

  1. Courageous and stand up for Jesus Christ all the times.
  2. Ready to spread the Gospel of Christ.
  3. Win new converts to Jesus by inviting them to repentance.
  4. Have faith in the risen Christ.
  5. Pray to be filled with the Holy Spirit like Peter and those in church leadership should take their roles seriously.
  6. Relevance of the Pentecostal Experience

Speaking in diverse tongues signified that Christianity is a universal religion. It pointed out the importance of all languages when communicating to God. There were no specific languages for speaking with God, as it was when Latin was the language of literacy and Christianity.

Christians should be bold in their preaching. They should not be afraid as they have the counsel and helper, the Holy Spirit. Christians should understand that God chooses anyone as a leader, preacher, and witness of Christ.

Pentecostal experience signifies that Christians need to receive and be filled with the Holy Spirit

Revision questions

  1. a) Explain the meaning of the Pentecost
  2. b) Describe the manifestations of the Holy Spirit on the day of the Pentecost (Acts 2: 1-40) (or narrate the events that took place on the day of the Pentecost)
  3. c) Write down five teachings about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the day of the Pentecost
  4. d) What were the qualities of peter that made him a successful leader of the apostolic church?
  5. e) What lessons can Christians learn from the events of the day of the Pentecost?
  6. f) State the teachings of Jesus on the Holy Spirit (John 14:14-26) (acts 1:7-8)
  7. g) What is the role of the Holy Spirit according to Jesus?
  8. h) What is the role of the Holy Spirit in the believers or the church or Christians?
  9. i) Outline the fruits of the Holy Spirit
  10. j) State the criteria for discerning the spiritual gifts
  11. k) List down the gifts of the Holy Spirit
  12. l) Explain why Paul taught that love is the greatest of all spiritual gifts
  13. m) Explain how the Holy Spirit is manifested in the church today
  14. n) State ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit are being abused in the church today

 

THE UNITY OF BELIEVERS

TEACHINGS OF THE UNITY OF BELIEVERS IN SELECTED NEW TESTAMENT TEXTS

Unity of believers refers to oneness of those who have faith in Jesus Christ.

  1. Early Christians

The early Christians in Jerusalem demonstrated their unity by.

Holding joint prayer sessions

Sharing the Lords supper that is Eucharist

Sharing their possessions with the poor

They showed oneness and unity as believers. They expressed their oneness using various terms, images, Metaphors and symbols. They regarded themselves as the people of God, the church and an Assembly of God. When they celebrated the last supper, eating of bread was a symbol of the body of Christ. They saw themselves as belonging to one tree with the vine and branches. As followers of Christ, the early

Church saw itself as the Bride of Christ.

  1. Discussion of Symbolic Expressions
  2. The people of God

Read 1 PETER 2: 9-10. Peter has outlined the characteristics of the people of God. He says that the people of God are –

Believers in God: through faith in Jesus Christ.

The ‘Chosen race’, ‘a royal priesthood’, a holy nation’ ‘a chosen people’

-Those that stand out from the rest because they live a holy and righteous life.

Form a Holy nation chosen to proclaim the works of God.

Not just the descendants of Abraham but people who follow Jesus Christ and His teachings.

  1. The body of Christ

Read 1 Corinthians 12:12-27, and Ephesians’ 4:1-12.

The Holy Spirit is the one who brings Christians together as one body of Christ to serve the church.

Christians are given gifts for the purpose of sharing the body of Christ.

Jesus Christ is the head of the church. And just as the body has many parts, playing different roles, so has the Church. Every member of the church plays a vital role because different members have different spiritual gifts and callings. Some are Apostles, Teachers, Prophets, Evangelists, Pastors and Miracle performers, Administrators and those who show mercy to others and encourage (exhort) others.

All church activities should be directed to the welfare of the church, just as the function of each part of the body is necessary for the well being of the whole body. To have a united body, members should be meek and patient in order to bear the fruit of the Holy Spirit. For a church to be united, or to be considered as one body, Christians should have faith in God the father, one Lord Jesus Christ, and one Holy Spirit and have faith in God through Jesus Christ.

iii. The Vine and the Branches

Read John 15:1-10

The vine represents Jesus. Vine tree was a tree that bore grapes. The vine tree was a symbol of prosperity and peace. Jesus is the vine and the Father is the vinedresser. Christians/ believers are the branches. They are expected to produce good fruits by remaining faithful and united in Christ. Faithful branches bear fruit like good Christians while unfruitful branches are like unfruitful Christians.

Christians should remain united to Christ who is the vine so as to bear fruits. The teachings of Jesus purify the Christians. The dead branches of the Vine trees are cut off and the livings ones are trimmed or pruned. This is done so that the vines may produce high yields. Likewise unfaithful Christians, believers are rebuked and corrected so as to bear high yields.

  1. The Church or Assembly of God. Read Ephesians 5: 21 – 32

Church is a Greek word “““ekklesia””, which means people, People who belong to the Lord. Assembly of God is the coming together of people of diverse social and cultural backgrounds who recognize lordship of Jesus. The church is likened to the relationship between a husband and a wife. Christians (the church) are expected to be united with Christ just as a husband and wife are united in marriage. Just as husbands and wives are expected to love one another, so too, are Christians called upon to express love to one another and to love God.

A husband is the head of a family; Jesus is also the head of the church.

  1. The Bride. Read 2 Corinthian 11: 2, and Revelations 21: 1 – 12

In the Old Testament, God calls Israel a bride. In the New Testament, Christians are referred to as “a bride’ in the New Jerusalem’. God or Jesus Christ is the bridegroom. Christians are reminded that the life on earth is a temporary home. Their real home is in heaven, the Holy city of God. Just as a bride is expected to be faithful to her husband, so are Christians expected to be faithful to God by observing the covenant way of life. Deviation from the covenant was portrayed as adultery.

John, who wrote the book of revelations, sees a vision of a new heaven and a new earth in which faithful Christians will be rewarded. Christ will come to take His bride to eternity to live there forever. The relationship between Christians and Jesus/ God is like a marriage. It is a covenant. It is a relationship where the church (bride) is expected to submit to God. Jesus died for the church, a show of His or God’s love. Likewise Christians should be committed in their relationship to God.

Q 1. Discuss in twos who is a bride and what takes place in a wedding.

  1. Discuss the significance of the symbols used to express the unity of the believers. These are “The people of God”, “The body of Christ”, “The vine and the branches” “The church or assembly of God” and “The bride”.

 

CAUSES OF DISUNITY IN THE EARLY CHURCH

The early church experienced some challenges, which led to divisions among the early disciples and Christians.

  1. Causes of Disunity in the Early Church

After Jesus ascended to his Father and left the Holy Spirit to look after his followers, the disciples established congregations or communities to spread the Word of God. As believers of Christ met and prayed together, there were disagreements and divisions brought about by several factors and issues.

These were:

Disputes, among early Christians; were concerning leadership of the Church. Christians wanted different leaders: Paul, Apollo’s, Cephas or Christ. Paul told them that Christ couldn’t be divided (1 Corinthians

1:10 -21).

Sexual immorality was another cause of disunity in the early church. Some Christians were doing or having irresponsible sexual behaviors. These were incest, fornication, and prostitution. Paul condemned such behaviors and told Christians to stop sinning and honor God with their bodies. The body of a Christian is the temple of the Holy Ghost (1 Corinthian 5: 1-13, 6:12 – 20).

-Christians settling disputes in civil courts. Paul advised they ought to talk over issues among themselves and agree to solve problems on their own (1 Corinthians 6).

-Dispute over marriage and divorce. Some Christians were opposed to marriage. Others were encouraging divorce. Paul addressed these issues in 1 Corinthian, chapter 71-16. Paul advised Christians that it was okay to marry or not to marry. But marriage was needed to stop immorality.

Eating of meat offered to idols. Some Christians were eating meat offered to idols while others were against it. Paul advised Christians not to eat anything that will cause their faith to weaken or fail. (1 Corinthians 8 and10: 14 – 20.

There were disputes about dressing during worship. Should women cover their head during worship?

Should women shave hair? Should men wear long hair? (1 Corinthian 11:1-16).

-Some Christians were overeating and over drinking during the Holy Communion – misuse of the Lord’s Supper, (1 Corinthians 11:17 – 33).

-Misuses of spiritual gift especially the gift of speaking in tongues. Paul taught that all gifts are equal (1 Corinthians 12).

There was a misunderstanding about the resurrection of the body and the dead. Some were saying there is no resurrection. Paul preached that if there is no resurrection then their preaching was in vain as they were witnesses to the resurrection of Jesus Christ (1 Corinthians 15).

  1. Causes of disunity among believers and church in Kenya today

– Leadership differences. Some Christians are struggling for power. This has led to formation of splinter groups, divisions and enmity between these groups.

– Cultural differences. Christians are divided by their African cultural beliefs from their backgrounds. This culture is merged with Christianity and Western cultural practices forming a unique mixture of beliefs.

Some Christians are permissive, while others are conservative. This has led to disunity, for example in the areas of dressing.

-Discrimination. There is inequality within the church between the rich and the poor, the whites and blacks. Some Christians are viewed as more spiritual than others, on basis of the tribe, gender, wealth and social status among others.

-Misuse of freedom of worship. Christians are starting sprinter churches, probably because they want to control church finances without supervision by the wider church. To justify their departure, they spread propaganda against the ‘mother’ church, and other churches in order to attract followers. The more followers a church has the more tithe it collects.

-Misuse of church funds. Some church leaders and followers misuse church funds

Differences in the practice of baptism

-Arrogance and pride by some Christians.

Sins: sexual immorality in the church, divorce and marriage issues.

Some Christian denominations reject the human nature of the person of Jesus Christ; that Christ had both a human and divine nature e.g. Nomiya church.

Q: Can you think of factors that led to disunity among Christians in the early church that you have noted in the Kenyan church?

  1. Reasons why Christians should work in Unity.

Christians face many problems and they therefore need to work together in unity to:

-Promote oneness of Christians in Jesus Christ.

-Promote the teachings of Jesus Christ.

-Achieve effective evangelism or ministry.

-Adopt a common attitude to the integration of African culture in worship.

-Prevent the formation of sprinter groups and cults.

-Reduce the internal wrangling.

-Have a common stand in dealing with issues affecting the society.

 

  1. Possible Solutions to disunity

The church should settle issues that divide its members by Christians:

Learning to appreciate and respect the practices and belief of other Christian’s denominations.

-Having or forming a common goal

-Striving to be guided by the principle of love in solving problems facing them.

-Observing the teachings of disciples, prophets, apostles, God, laws of —Moses, Jesus and the Bible.

-Avoiding doing anything to their fellow Christians that would cause suffering and disharmony.

-Activities that the early church did in order to remain united were that they:

-Ate bread together.

-Held fellowships together.

-Shared with the needy.

-Prayed together for each other

In the current worldwide Church, there is disunity amongst believers or Christians. The most common ones are due.

-Leadership differences and wrangles for power.

-Cultural differences amongst Christians.

-Some Christians are permissive while others are conservative.

-Differences in the interpretation of the Bible.

-Misuse of church funds

-Pride and arrogance.

Revision questions

  1. Write down terms used in the New Testament to refer to believers in Christ
  2. Identify five causes of disunity in the church today
  3. Identify factors which cause disunity among the Christians today
  4. Discuss reasons why members of Christian families in Kenya find it difficult to harmoniously live together
  5. Explain how the church strengthens family relationships today

TEACHINGS FROM SELECTED OLD TESTAMENT PROPHETS

INTRODUCTION

This chapter introduces one to the work of prophets in the Old Testament. In Form One, some Prophets were taught e.g. Moses, Elijah, Nathan and Samuel. Traditional African prophets were also taught.

In Form Three, we compare true and false prophets and the Traditional African prophets.

PROPHETS

  1. Definitions of a prophet, and prophecy

The word prophet comes from a Hebrew word “Rabii’ meaning ‘one who is called or one who announces God’s message. A prophet is also referred to as a seer. A prophet is a person sent by God to teach and give people messages about things to come in future from God. Prophets received divine messages from God and communicated them to the people.

A prophet is therefore a person who foretells events as revealed to him or her by God. Examples of prophets include Samuel, Elijah, Jeremiah and prophetesses (female prophet) Deborah, and Huidah.

Prophecy is a statement, a message of something that is going to happen in the future. The action of giving future messages is called prophecy.

  1. Categories of prophets

There were many categories of prophets. These were:

  1. a) Major Prophets. These were Prophet’s whose messages covered a long period of time. Their messages were long and detailed. For example, Prophet Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel.
  2. b) Minor prophets. There are 12 books of the Minor Prophets examples they are called minor because their messages are short, brief and do not contain detailed information. The Minor Prophets are Amos, and Hosea, Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.
  3. c) Canonical prophets the term canon means law. Canonical prophets are law prophets. The individual utterances of these prophets are laws. Both minor and major prophets are canonical prophets,
  4. d) The early prophets are Moses, Nathan Elijah, and Elisha. These prophets belonged to guilds schools.

Their prophecies are not recorded under their names. Their prophecies are written in books, which do not bear their names.

  1. e) Cultic prophets like Hannah (N.T.) served in the places of worship. They assisted the priest officiating worship
  2. f) Professional / court prophets like Samuel, Micah, and Gad lived together in the temple and in groups.

They earned their living through their work. They did not work elsewhere

  1. g) False prophets are pretenders to speak in the name of Yahweh but God did not call them. They spoke lies in accordance with the messages people wanted to hear.
  2. Characteristics of true prophets

There were two (2) major categories of prophets in the Old Testament, (1) true prophets and (2) false prophets. True prophets are those whose prophecies occurred and were fulfilled. Prophesies of false prophets did not occur. True prophets distinguished themselves from false prophets and ordinary people.

They experienced God dramatically when He called them and in their ministry. They were God’s spokesmen and women. They responded in faith to their call.

God gave them specific tasks in their commission and God’s assurance and support in their ministry.

They urged people to repent and turn back to God.

In their messages, they taught that God demands sincere worship and not elaborate rituals. They understood God and taught about God righteous-ness, goodness, mercifulness, and loving care. They condemned evil in the society and proclaimed God’s judgment and punishment to those who failed to keep the covenant. They spoke with authority and acted with courage. They upheld God as a universal God for all nations. They talked of a remnant that shall remain after punishment or those that have continued to worship God sincerely. Their utterances were true because they were fulfilled.

They spent a lot of their time in prayers. They prayed regularly. At such times they withdrew from people in order to have a quiet time to seek God.

All the true prophets received opposition from their audiences and they were ready to suffer for telling God’s word.

  1. The Characteristics of false prophets.

Some of the prophecy of false prophets contradicted prophesies of the true prophets. False prophets followed their own imaginations, and gave false hopes. They told people what they wanted to hear.

They had no personal knowledge of God. Hence, their prophecies were not in line with the divine revelations.

They used evil forces such as magic, and divinations to call upon the spirits of the dead. They were paid for prophesy and benefits materially from their clients. They served Baal and were mainly immoral. They committed crime.

Review questions

How can we know true and false prophets today?

 

IMPORTANCE OF PROPHETS IN ISRAEL

Introduction

  1. Work of prophets in Israel

Prophets kept Israelites in communication with God. They communicated God’s will to the people of Israel. They foretold God’s judgments and punishment for sinners. They condemned the behavior of the rich towards the poor. Through their messages, people reformed their lives since they condemned all forms of social evils and ritual sins. They contributed to the writing of their messages leading to the compilation of the Bible.

Prophets guided and gave people hope. They taught people the laws of God. They warned people of dangers to come. They condemned idolatry and stressed the worship of one true God, Yahweh.

They anointed the Kings in Israel. Kings consulted the prophets before any major undertaking such as war among others.

They acted as conscience of kings. They advised them and challenged Kings when they went wrong.

  1. God’s communication with prophets and Israelites

God communicated to Prophets through visions, voices that were audible and clear, events, prayers, dreams, signs, ordinary things, and words which came to their minds with great power.

Writing messages of the prophets

The canonical prophets as mentioned earlier had their works and prophecies recorded under their names. Canonical prophets are referred to as writing prophets. It’s possible that some prophets wrote down their own prophecies. They wrote what God spoke to them as He dictated. An example is Jeremiah who wrote what he was told …’Get a scroll and write on it everything that I have told you about Israel, Judah and all nations. (Jeremiah 36:2, Isaiah 30:8).

Two, the prophet’s message were probably written by other people. These were their assistant, secretary, scribe, and disciples or followers as the prophet prophesied.

Thirdly some of the prophetic messages could have been preserved as oral traditions and later written as books. A good example is 2 Kings.

  1. Content of the Prophetic messages

Prophetic messages contained lessons from God to Israel. For example, the:

  1. Prophetic sayings were and still are oracles or poetic passages spoken by God himself through prophets. The prophecies were addressed to different nations. They carried specific teachings to the people, for example predicting future occurrences
  2. Narratives in the first person give an account of the prophet’s testimony. They spoke of their experiences with God, and responses to the call of God. They tell us about prophet’s impelling compulsion to speak God’s word. The narratives are written in the first person. They have a format ‘The Lord said to me… The year that King Uzziah died, I was the Lord…”

iii. Narratives in the third 3rd person have messages written by a third party, i.e. not the prophet but another person. For example, “Isaiah said to them, “Thus you shall say to your master, thus says the

Lord: “Do not be afraid of the words.” (Isaiah 37:6). The message recounts the prophets’ personal life, and political background.

 

PROPHESIES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT, NEW TESTAMENT AND AFRICAN TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

Introduction

The Israelites and the African traditional societies as well as other world communities had prophets who foretold the future. Among the Israelites, there were prophets chosen by God and false prophets who told messages which communities wanted to hear. Among the African traditional communities, there were wise men and women who prophesied about the future.

In this lesson, we shall compare these prophecies and learn what was similar and different about these them. The Old Testament prophecies are compared with those from the African traditional society and the New Testament

-Learning outcomes. After studying this lesson, you should be able to:

  1. State relationships between Prophesies in the Old Testament New Testament and the African Traditional Society
  2. Discuss the similarities between prophets in the African traditional society and the Old Testament
  3. Identify differences between prophets in the African traditional society and the Old Testament

Several Old Testament (O.T.) prophecies were and are fulfilled in both the old and New Testament (N.T) in the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. The Law of Moses is used in both the Old Testament and the New Testament. However Jesus gave the law a deeper meaning.

The teachings and prophecies of the prophets provided the foundation for the message in the New Testament. The prophecies of Prophet Nathan to King David that God would raise up an offspring from the lineage of David were fulfilled in Jesus Christ, the expected messiah.

Jesus disciples in the New Testament referred a lot to messages in the Old Testament. The teachings of Jesus in the New Testament are based in the Old Testament prophecies. They are therefore similar to each other because New Testament is a continuation of the Old Testament.

The New Testament is the new covenant spoken of by Prophet Jeremiah and other Prophets like Isaiah, Micah, and Nathan. Their prophecies about Messiah are fulfilled in the New Testament.

  1. Similarities between prophets in the African traditional society and the Old Testament. In both traditions, prophets:

Were endowed with divine powers and they dealt with religious matters.

Acted as intermediaries between God and people

Warned people of impending dangers and disasters due to disobedience

Had supernatural experiences

Encouraged morality and discouraged evil ways

In some cases, could heal

Withstood oppression and opposition by the political rulers

Encouraged people to fight injustices in society

 Foretold future disasters such as drought and wars. They explained why they were going to occur.

Were consulted when things were not well in the society.

Received revelations through dreams, visions and thoughts

 were gender sensitive male prophets and female prophetesses.

  1. Differences (O.T.) between prophets in the African traditional society and the Old Testament.

The Old Testament prophets had a personal relationship with God. They communicated God’s messages to Israelites.

The prophets in the African traditional society communicated and received messages from the ancestor spirits

Old Testament prophets were God’s mouthpieces. They began their prophesy with ‘thus saith the lord’…. While the prophets in the African traditional society predicted what would happen to individuals, and communities.

The authority of prophets in the Old Testament came from God while the authority of prophets in the

African traditional society came from their ancestors’ spirits.

In the Old Testament prophets were called directly by God while in some African traditional communities the prophetic office was hereditary. The African traditional prophets dealt with family and local community issues while Old Testament prophets dealt with national issues, and crises. African traditional prophets were diviners while Old Testament prophets consulted God.

  1. Relevance of Old Testament prophets to Christians today

Christian should be ready to be messengers of God. The call to be a Christian has a prophetic role. Some

Christians are called to the office of a prophet and should prophecy for the glory of God and for the common good of the people. As God’s spokes person one should always stand for the truth. Christian should proclaim God’s will even if the message is not pleasant to the people.

Once appointed as a prophet, one should pass the messages to whoever they are sent to without fear or favor. God’s messengers should always condemn the social political economic evils in the society.

As God’s messengers Christians should live exemplary lives. They should stand for what they preach and should expect persecutions because of their works as God’s messengers. They should be ready to suffer for the sake of the gospel.

Christians should pray to God to give them guidance, wisdom, and inspiration to be able to handle hardships in their lives. They should provide hope for the people in times of suffering.

Christians should realize that God calls both men and women to His service. They should be ready to obey Gods’ prophetic call and not run away e.g. Jonah. They should be concerned and take care of the welfare of the poor community members.

 

Revision questions

  1. Define the terms prophet and prophecy
  2. List five categories of true prophets
  3. State the difference between true and false prophets
  4. In what ways were God’s prophets called?
  5. Outline the similarities and differences between the Old Testament prophets and the traditional African ones.
  6. What is the relevance of prophets to Christians today?

 

PROPHET AMOS

Introduction

Amos is one of the prophets God sent to Israel to warn the people because of their evil life. Politically, the Nation of Israel had become rich. There grew classer, the rich and the poor. The rich started oppressing the poor.

Socially, there was still the rich – poor gap. The rich exploited the poor. Merchants sold bad food, expensive and used false measurer.

Religiously, the Israelites had turned away from God and were worshiping false gods. Syncretism was practiced. Priests were paid and God’s prophets were rejected.

It is in this situation that Amos was called.

He is called through visions.

Amos is one of the canonical or writing prophets. The book of Amos is a temptation of oracles spoken by the prophet on different occasions. Note that after the death of King Solomon, the kingdom of Israel was split into two and rules by Rehoboam and Jeroboam. The northern Kingdom; called Judah was ruled by Rehoboam and was inhabited by two tribes. The southern kingdom called Israel was ruled by

Jeroboam and was inhabited by 10 tribes. Amos came from Judah and prophesied in Israel.

Prophet Amos work in Israel Read Amos 1:1

  1. The call of Amos (AMOS 1:1, 3:8, 7:10 – 15)

Prophet Amos was born in a village called Tekoa in Judah, the southern kingdom. Before his call, Amos was a shepherd and a dresser of sycamore trees. He was not a professional prophet. But God called him to be a prophet. He received his call in form of a vision around 758 BC. Amos responded to God’s call with obedience. He felt a deep compulsion to prophesy (Amos 3:8). God directed him to give his message to the people of Israel, the northern kingdom (Amos 7:15). He was asked to speak the will of Yahweh. He was also to fore tell punishment if Israelites did not repent their sins. His message was opposed, and challenged by Amaziah the priest of Bethel.

  1. Religion.

Israelites worshipped Yahweh and other gods. Idolatry was also present. This form of worship is called Syncretism. There was religious hypocrisy. Like today, there was an emphasis on external observances of religious practices and less concern for internal observances. The priests were paid for religious work. Those who couldn’t pay did not have religious ceremonies. They were offered at the expense of the poor. The prophets of God were rejected.

  1. Social – economic – political situation.

When Amos prophesied, King Jeroboam ruled Israel, the northern kingdom while King Uzziah ruled Judah. Amos was sent to prophesy to the people of Israel in the northern kingdom. He concentrated his work mainly in Bethel and Samaria – the capital city of Israel and the main centers of worship.

When Amos started his prophesy, there was peace and prosper in Israel and Judah. Both kingdoms were wealthy. However, the wealth did not reach the poor. This was because the wealth and power were in the hands of the king, his family, his officials, and wealthy merchants. As a result, Israel citizens were divided into two classes; the rich and the poor.

Unfortunately, the rich people owned big luxurious houses. They drunk wine, and used the most expensive perfumes. They acquired their wealth at the expense of the poor. They oppressed and exploited the poor. The merchants of trade for example, were dishonest in their trade businesses. They sold bad wheat to unsuspecting customers and overcharged customers by measuring with false scales.

Because of the inflated prices, the poor borrowed money from the rich at high interest rates to buy basic things like food. Hence, there was massive bribery and corruption in society and law courts.

As a result the poor lacked basic necessities or needs like food, shelter, and clothing. It was at this time when God sent Amos to give prophesy to Israel.

  1. How did the rich oppress the poor in Israel?

VISIONS OF AMOS

Read AMOS 7: 1 – 9, 8:1 – 3. 9:1 – 4)

Vision is a picture we have in our mind. It is a future to come. Amos was shown many visions by God.

-Lesson outcomes. After reading these verses in Amos you should be able to: –

  1. Analyze all the visions and
  2. State the message of each vision
  3. Summaries things that God condemned through Amos
  4. The vision of the locusts (Amos 7:1 – 3)

Amos saw a swarm of locusts being sent by God to destroy all plants and food crops in the land. The locusts were a sign of disaster, which God was going to send to Israel as a punishment for their disobedience. Amos cried to God to forgive the people. God heard and changed his mind.

  1. The vision of a great fire (Amos 7:4 – 6)

Amos saw a vision of a supernatural fire that burnt up the land. He asked God to forgive the people and

God listened. The punishment was stopped.

  1. The vision of a crooked wall/ the plumb line (Amos 7:7 – 9)

Amos saw the Lord standing beside the wall checked it with a plumb line. The wall represented the Israelites. They stopped observing the laws of their covenant with God. God found Israelites disobeying the covenant. God promised to destroy holy places of Israel..

  1. The vision of a basket of ripe fruits (Amos 8:1 – 3)

In this vision, Amos saw a basket of ripe fruits. Fruits are harvested at the end of the summer. This meant that Israel was ripe for punishment for her refusal to turn to God. Amos did not pray for forgiveness. God would no longer withhold His judgment. Time for repentance was over.

  1. The vision of the destruction of the altar. Read Amos 9:1 – 4.

Amos saw the Lord standing by the altar. The Lord ordered the destruction of the temple. The shrines of Dan and Bethel were destroyed because they were the centres of idolatry. No one would escape punish-ment no matter where they hide.

Summary of issues that God pointed out to Israel through Prophet Amos

  1. Lack of social justice

There was lack of social justice and responsibility by the king of Israel. Social justice means dealing with other people fairly. It implies showing concern for the needs of others.

  1. Lack of responsibility.

This refers to the rulers and people of Israel being accountable for their actions.

In modern life, it is doing ones duty and fulfilling ones obligation to God and others.

  1. Practice of hypocritical religion in Israel.

The Israelites were insincere in their worship. They made empty sacrifi-ces. They worshipped idols as well as God. They profaned the name of God (Yahweh). They made idols of Baal and offered sacrifices to them. They worshipped other gods. This is syncretism and God does not allow worship of any other God but himself.

  1. God’s judgment against Israel and other nations.

God promised to destroy Israel and leave a remnant of them for restora-tion.

  1. Oppressions of the poor by the rich

God condemned King Jeroboam rule of Israel because of the oppression of the poor, government corruption and bribery of king’s officials. These officials sold the righteous for silver and the needy for a pair of sandals (shoes) i.e. it’s like practicing slavery. The rich trampled on the poor, despised them and placed no value on the poor. The poor gave their garments as security for loan. This was contrary to God’s commandments. The garment was supposed to be returned back to the owner before sunset. The Samaritan women were ‘fat like the well fed cows of Bashan’ led luxurious lives and were very unkind to the poor. The rich took an excessive share of the harvest from the farmers. Rulers loved luxury and were arrogant. They loved material things and showed pride in material possessions. They used expensive perfumes.

  1. Corruption and bribery.

The judges were corrupt. They accepted bribes. There was a conspiracy between the rich and the judges against the poor

  1. Pride in materials possessions

The capital city of Israel was Samaria. It was built on a mountain called Bethel, which was also a place of worship. There was prosperity in the land. The Israelites prided themselves in their riches and materials possessions. Amos told them God would destroy their wealth.

  1. Dishonesty.

This is telling lies, cheating or using unjust means to get certain things. The wealthy merchants waited impatiently for the end of the holy days so that they could engage in lucrative businesses. They cheated the poor by using false scales. They sold bad wheat to the poor. They mixed good and bad grains and sold them to unsuspecting people.

  1. Sexual immorality

Sexual immorality was prevalent or common in Israel. For example a father and son would have sex with the same girl. There was temple (cultic) prostitution. There was dishonesty; sexual immorality. This sexual behavior made the temple unholy.

  1. Drunkenness

They Israelites spent time drinking when the poor lacked the basic needs. They engaged in excessive drinking of wine. They even forced the Nazarites to drink wine. They accepted drunkenness.

  1. Profaning the name of the God

Israelites did not respect the name of God. They committed sin. They forced Nazirites to drink wine; forcing it down their throats yet they knew that Nazirites were people set aside and chosen by God to serve God. This act showed contempt of God’s commands. Nazirites were not supposed to drink wine or cut their hair. Israelites did this to show their contempt of the Lord.

  1. Hypocritical Religion and Idolatry in Israel

Hypocrisy is pretending to be something different from the person one is. It is also saying one thing, and doing another thing. For example, Israeli-tes did a lot of religious rites according to the laws of Moses and yet majority of them were unjust, corrupt and oppressed the poor. They observed the external religious activities while their hearts were corrupt and insincere. Amos condemned Israelites for this hypocrisy, characteri-zed by insincere worship, and mixture of religious beliefs leading to diverse practices of religion i.e. syncretism. This is a combination or mixture of Israelites’ monotheism (Yahwehism) and worship of idols and other gods especially Baal, the gods of their neighbors.

  1. Empty sacrifices

The Israelites made elaborative offerings and sacrifices. Yet God was interested only in sincere worship and free will offerings and not mere sacrifices, and tithes. ‘Take away from me the noise of your songs’ (Amos 5:21 – 23).

 

GOD’S JUDGMENT AGAINST ISRAEL AND OTHER NATIONS

Read Amos chapter 1 and 2

  1. i) Israel.

She committed several crimes, which were condemned by Prophet Amos. Read lesson two again before you go on and list down crimes that were pointed out by Amos. Okay, you have seen that

Israel committed crimes of injustice, disobedience to God, breaking their covenant with God, idolatry, hypocrisy among other sins mentioned above. Israel was punished for these crimes.

Punishments were severe. Israelites would be exiled forcibly and painfully. Earthquakes, famines, fires, oppression from foreign kings, epidemics and divine silence, would destroy their kingdom and holy places.

  1. ii) Syria.

Its capital was Damascus. Syria committed war crimes. The soldiers were excessively cruel in times of war. They murdered their prisoners brutally. For this cruelty, their punishment was to be severe. Their palaces would be destroyed by fire and the people would be exiled in Kir.

iii) Gaza and philistines.

Their crime was capturing other people and selling them into slavery. For this sin, God’s punishment was destruction of their city by divine fire. It would burn down the wall of Gaza city and destroy it. God would have no more association with them.

  1. iv) Tyre.

Their Crime was violation of a treaty of friendship they had made. They broke it by capturing a “whole nation into exile in the land of Edom”. The punishment was …God would send fire to destroy city of Tyre and its fortress (Amos 1:9-10).

  1. Edom.

Her people were descendants of Esau. Yet Edom was ruthless to the Israelite to whom they were closely related. For this crime of ruthlessness, the punishment was … God would destroy them by fire

  1. vi) Ammon committed crime of brutal killings.

The people of Ammon attacked and killed their neighbors. They “ripped open pregnant woman in Gilead” (vs. 13). God’s punishment was destruction of the fortress and wall of the city of Rabbah by fire. “Their king and his officers will go into exile: (vs. 15).

vii) Moab.

The people of Moab; their crime was mishandling the body of the king of Edom. They burned his bones to ashes. God’s punishment was destruction of the city of Kerioth by divine fire. The people, their rulers and leaders would be killed in battle.

viii) Judah.

Their crimes were:

(1) Failure to obey God’s commands and

(2) Despising god’s teaching.

  1. ix) Samaria, Egypt and Ashdod.

Their crime was dishonesty and “filling their mansions with things taken by crime and violence” (Amos 3:10). Women of Samaria committed the crime of drunkenness, oppressing the weak and poor. The punishment for all these countries is destruction of their land, mansions and army. But a remnant will not go to captivity, and shall not be destroyed. Amos said the remnants are like … 2 legs, or a piece of an ear of a sheep rescued from the mouth of a lion (Amos 3:12)

  1. x) Amaziah the priest of Bethel.

He strongly opposed Amos and told him to go back and prophesy in

Judah. Amos told Amaziah God sent him to Israel. His punishment for opposing God’s messenger was Amaziah’s wife would be a harlot, his children will die in the war, his land will be given to others, and

Amaziah will die in a foreign land (Amos 7: 14-17).

Lessons to learn from God’s judgment of Israel and other nations

The Assyrians attacked Israel, occupied their land and exiled others. God is (a) universal; (b) God hates sin (c) God is concerned about the welfare of his people

(d) God is merciful and spares a remnant

  1. Israel’s election (Amos 2:9 – 11, 3:1 – 2, 9:7

Election: is an act of choosing a person or group of people for a purpose or action. Israel’s election refers to God’s choice of the Israelites out of the entire human kind to be his people. God chose them to serve him, be a Holy nation and to be the light of the world. God made a covenant with the Israelites. In the covenant they agreed to live a holy life. In return, God looked after them. He led them out of Egypt to the wilderness and finally to Canaan. God chose His prophets from the Israelites and raised Nazirites.

Despite God’s favour, the Israelites rebelled and sinned against God. And although Israelites were reminded that God cared for other nations equally and are to be punished if they disobeyed God; and that they were neither superior, nor better than other nations, they disobeyed God several times.

xii. The day of the lord

Amos taught that the day of the lord would be a day of severe judgment for sins.

. It is not a time of happiness, joy or victory. It is a day of darkness, terror, disaster, gloom, wailing, flooding, mourning, defeat, punishment, famine for food and God’s word.

xiii. The Remnant and Restoration.

Remnant means a small number of survivors. These are the Israelites who will remain after the entire nation is punished. They are also those who returned to Jerusalem after the exile.

Restoration is an act of reinstating things / persons to their former state or position. Amos informed the Israelites that God was still looking after them, and waiting for their repentance. The nation of Israel would not be destroyed completely. God would preserve the few righteous ones. He would raise the fallen dynasty of David. People would be restored back to their land to rebuild their cities. There was to be a great harvest and grapes shall overflow.

xiv. Duty of Christians.

Christians are the selected people of God. As the chosen ones, they should one, live holy lives and two, use their position to serve God and others. Three, Christians have a moral responsibility to spread God’s word, four, care for the needy and five, be the light of the world.

  1. The Day of the lord. Read Amos 5:18-20, 6:3-5, 8:7-13.

In the Old Testament, the day of the Lord is the day that Yahweh would make Israel victorious against other nations. On this day the Israelite believed that God would establish his rule over and with Israel. The day of the Lord was also believed to be the day when Israel would be prosperous, would have favor with God, and the just would triumph over the wicked.

In the New Testament, the day of the lord is also the Day of Judgment (Parousia). It is the day of the second coming of Christ. On that day, everyone will be judged. Christians believe that it is the day that Christ will come for His bride (the church). Those who had obeyed the laws of God shall be received by Christ and given the reward of the eternal life. On that day, God’s kingdom shall be established and Christ will reign forever.

xvi. Relevance of Amos teachings to Christians today.

The messages of the prophecy of Amos are relevant to Christians today. This is because God is universal. He chose Israel but still punished her for her disobedience and sins just as He punished other nations like Syria and Gaza.

The message that God hates hypocrisy is very clear. Thus Christians should truthful and practice what they preach. They must worship God in sincerity. Other messages are: Justice. Christians should be just / fair in dealing with others.

-Self – Indulgence. Christians should not pursue luxury and self-indulgence when others lack the basic needs.

-Bribery. Christians should condemn bribery and corruption, and uphold justice.

-Punishment. Christians should bear in mind that God will punish every evil.

-Wealth. When Israel became wealthy, they departed from the covenant with God. Christians should share their wealth with the needy and acquire their wealth justly

-Hypocritical religion. Amos taught about hypocrisy in religion. This was for example offering empty sacrifices. Christians have to learn to be sincere, to be concerned about their internal well being and soul more than outward observances of religion.

-Drunkenness. Christians should not engage in activities that can divert their faith from God. If that happens, they should learn to be Repentant.

Revision exercise

  1. List the visions that Amos saw
  2. Explain the evils that Amos condemned in his teachings
  3. Give reasons why prophet Amos condemned idol worship in Israel
  4. List evils in the society today that Amos would condemn

 

PROPHET JEREMIAH

Introduction

Israel had not taken heed to Amos’ prophecies. This was especially on idolatry. So, God sent another prophet to continue with the same work. Jeremiah was therefore appointed as a prophet.

Jeremiah is one of the Old Testament Major Prophets. He was called to a prophet at around 627 B.C. He was called as a young man, probably 20 years old. He prophesied in the southern kingdom- Judah, for a period of 40 years. His prophetic ministry took place before and during the exile of Judah.

THE CALL JEREMIAH

  1. The Kingdom of Judah

Social background

The people of Judah were divided into three social classes. At the top were the (i) Aristocrats. These were the ruling class, which consisted of the king, his family, royal officials, princesses, priests, and professional prophets. This class of the rich oppressed the poor.

Below them was the class (ii) of technical professional such as stonecutters, carpenters, builders, masons, blacksmiths, masons, and others craftsmen (2 Kings 12:12). Below them was class (iii) made up of poor people such as slaves, widows, orphans, and foreigners. All these poor people were mistreated.

In terms of ethics, there was moral degradation. They committed adultery, prostitution, murder, false witness, and corruption.

Religions background.

The Kings and people of Judah worshipped idols. They practiced human sacrifice, divination and magic, and listened to false prophecies. They abandoned their covenant with God and their way of life and practiced syncretism, which is worshipping God and other false gods like Baal.

King Josiah tried to restore true worship by carrying out several reforms. Prophetess Huldah prophesied that Judah would be punished after Josiah’s death since he humbled before Yahweh.

-Political Background.

Prophet Jeremiah lived in the 7th century BC and prophesied when Judah was ruled by King Josiah, and later his sons Jehoiakim, and Zedekiah; and king Jehoiachin. Judah was conquered and ruled by Assyrians who were conquered by Egyptians who ruled Judah up to 605 BC. Egyptians; were conquered by Babylonians under King Nebuchadnezzar. This was according to the prophecies of Jeremiah.

  1. The Call of Jeremiah. Read Jer 1: 19.

Jeremiah’s father was a priest called Hilkiah. He was born in the territory of Benjamin; at a place called Anathoth, He was well educated.

Jeremiah was called to be a prophet in 627 B.C during the reign of King Josiah. He received his call in form of a dialogue with Yahweh. God told him that he had appointed him to be his messenger; even before he was formed in his mother’s womb; God had selected him to be a prophet. Jeremiah said he was too young and did not know how to speak. Jeremiah was forewarned of the hostility he would encounter in his prophetic career. God told him that He would protect him and not to fear.

God touched Jeremiah’s mouth. This symbolized that God is the one who shall put words in his mouth.

Jeremiah responded to God’s call in faith and obedience. He was given a message that God was going to bring judgment upon the Kingdom of Judah. God promised to make him a fortified city, an iron pillar and bronze wall for protection. He was commanded by God not to marry, neither have children and not to attend social gatherings, weddings, and funerals. His mission made him isolated and lonely.

As a result, his own family and relatives rejected him and plotted to kill him. But he had few friends like Ebed- melech, Ahikam who helped him to get out of a pit.

Jeremiah was persecuted by; the kings of Judah. Priests including priest Pashhur opposed him, and false prophets like Hannaniah. He prophesied that God shall punish wicked Kings, priests, and ordinary people. He suffered spiritually and emotionally.

At the fall of Jerusalem in 587 B.C, the army officers of Nebuchadnezzar released him from prison. He went to Egypt where he died at an old age and as a faithful servant of God. His life was symbolic to the people of Judah. During his call, Jeremiah saw two visions.

Vision one was the vision of a “branch of an almond tree”.

The tree seemed dead, bare, yet life was in it. This vision was telling Judah that although God seemed to be ‘sleeping’, He was watching over them if they obey Him.

Vision two was “a pot boiling in the north, and it is about to tip over this way” (1:13). The boiling pot tilted away from the north signified that the destroyers of Judah would come from the north. The pot was ready to boil over and spill its contents. This meant that Judah was soon going to have trouble.

Babylon would pour horrifying disasters on Judah.

Lessons from the call of Jeremiah

God has a purpose for each person and He can call anybody to do His work. He calls the unborn, the young, old, rich, and poor. God prepares people for His work, through specific experiences at family level, in school, and church.

A person who is called to serve God should be ready to meet opposition. God protects His servants and promises to be with them. Jeremiah felt inadequate to speak. Christians should not let their human weakness hinder them from performing their tasks. Christians should respond to God’s call in obedience.

EVILS ADDRESSED BY JEREMIAH. Read Jeremiah 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 23, and 28.

There were many evils in Judah and Israel. We have mentioned some of them. These were: necromancy, dishonesty, deception, false prophecy, human sacrifice, and idolatry

  1. Necromancy.

Words related to necromancy are divinations, magic, sorcery, and playing tricks on people’s minds. Necromancy is the art of seeking hidden knowledge from the mysterious world of spirits: using magic, and divination, which is invoking the dead. Divination was condemned in the Hebrew language. Diviners, magicians, sooth Sayers and fortunetellers used necromancy. Prophet Jeremiah condemned necromancy.

Reasons why Jeremiah condemned necromancy

Necromancy was a deception and therefore an evil practice. The diviners gave false information from their own imagination. This practice polluted the true worship of Yahweh and indicated Israelites lack of faith in the one true God. Two, by trusting in divination, and magic, the Israelites showed their lack of knowledge of the one true God. Three, by consulting the mediums, the Israelites disobeyed God (Jer 27:8-10).

  1. ii) Deception and Dishonesty

Dishonesty is lack of moral integrity or moral uprightness. Deception is cheating, and telling lies intentionally. It is also giving false and misleading information.

The Israelites were dishonest because they worshiped God and at the same time committed social injustices against their brothers and sisters. Their repentance was insincere. There was treachery, and greed. They laid traps for each other. People pretended to be friendly and at the same time conspired to kill. Jeremiah challenged the Israelites people to ‘circumcise their hearts which were deceitful. Their tongues were ‘deadly arrows’ and they listened to false prophesies like that of Hannaniah.

Jeremiah condemned deception. This was because it led to syncretism, and hypocrisy in worship; and breaking down of the covenant way of life. Jeremiah warned the Israelites and asked them to repent

iii. False prophesy by Hannaniah. Jer 28

During the reign of King Zedekiah, Hannaniah broke the yoke that Jeremiah was wearing. Hannaniah spoke in the name of Yahweh. He lied to the people as he spoke from his imagination and dreams.

Jeremiah denounced Hannaniah. He predicted and prophesied the death of Hannaniah in the same year.

And it came to pass. Jeremiah had also prophesied that the captivity of Judah should be long contrary to Hannaniah who said Judah will be exiled for 2 years.

Reasons for condemning false prophets

Prophets of Baal were still in existence. False prophets like Hannaniah had filled the people of Israel with unrealistic hopes of peace yet Judah was to be destroyed. Recall the characteristics of true and false prophets. False prophets did not condemn sin. They prophesied for money and in the process misled people away from Yahweh. False prophets prophesied from their dreams, imaginations and not from God. They gave people false hopes. They intended to make themselves popular, with the King and the people.

  1. iv) Human sacrifice.

The people offered human sacrifice to idols and oppressed each other. Human sacrifice is the act of killing human beings for a religious or spiritual purpose. The Israelites copied this activity from the Canaanites. Children were believed to be the best sacrifice since people believed they would get great favors from the deities. Some kings such as Ahaz and Manasseh sacrificed their sons to idols. Jeremiah condemned human sacrifice.

Reasons for condemning human sacrifice

Human sacrifice was an act of idolatry. It indicated infidelity of the Israelites to the one true God. It demonstrated Israel’s disrespect for the sacred gift of life. It showed their lack of knowledge of the true nature of Yahweh. Human sacrifice defiled the land for life is in the blood. Blood speaks hence the land was crying at this vengeance. God did not ask for human sacrifices. Human sacrifice was a sign of lack of love of God and love for one another. It is a demonstration of disregard for human life. Only God has the right to take away life. In our country people kill each other every day especially on the road. Why do we do this?

  1. Idolatry

Idolatry is the worship of many gods. Idols are images made by people for worship. The Israelites practiced syncretism, which we said was the worship of Yahweh and idols. The people of Israel were worshipping Baal the Queen of heaven, sun, moon, stars, and also Yahweh (Jer 8:2).

Idols were placed even in Yahweh’s sacred places. The temple was defiled by idols. This temple is unclean. Jeremiah condemned it. He told the people of Israel that “{they have forsaken the fountain of living waters (GOD) and hewn out for themselves broken cisterns (IDOLs) that can hold no water” (Jer 2: 11-13).

Why did Jeremiah condemn idolatry? Read Jer 2: 20, 2:1- 3, 5: 7- 8.

Idolatry is like adultery and prostitution. It defiled people and was a sign of lack of faith in Yahweh. It defiled the land. Idolatry led to divine judgment and punishment.

People of Judah abandoned Yahweh the ‘Husband’ and chased “lovers” the idols and deities The Israelites (Northern kingdom) had been punished before and yet Judah did not learn from them. By worshipping idols Judah broke the covenant and their relationship with God. And unless the people of Judah repented, they would be punished; as there is only one true living God to be worshipped and obeyed. Is there idolatry among Christians today’s

  1. Other evils condemned by Jeremiah

People of Judah trusted that the temple was secure, holy and cannot be destroyed. Jeremiah denounced this false belief about the temple. He warned them that God would destroy the temple because of the many evils committed in it. The temple of God had become a ‘den of robbers’ and human sacrifices.

People of Judah committed other evils such as hypocrisy (Jer 7; 9-10); social injustice (adultery, murder), stubbornness, and rebellion.

  1. The temple

Temple is a place of worship. The temple of Israelites was in Jerusalem. It signified the presence of God among his people. The Israelites believed God could never destroy or allow destruction of the temple.

Jeremiah stood at the gates of the temple court during Jehuiakim’s reign, and Judah that God would destroy the temple and send them to exile. He urged them to repent and turn back to God. King Josiah heard the message of Jeremiah and he reformed religious practices in Judah.

Vii. Religions reforms carried out by King Josiah

This topic is not clearly spelt out in the syllabus. It is based on the book of Deuteronomy. The scroll was discovered in the temple during repairs.

Josiah ordered the repair of the temple of God. He led a national ceremony to review the covenant. He destroyed idols and altars associated with the worship of foreign deities throughout Judah. He eliminated all the priests associated with the worship of false deities. He celebrated Passover in

Jerusalem. The successors of King Josiah did not follow his example. They became corrupt. They persecuted the prophets of God. They listened to false prophets. They promoted idolatry and child sacrifice.

Viii. The Relevance of Jeremiah’s teachings to Christians today.

Christians should denounce hypocrisy in the society today. They should not result to witchcraft, divination and sorcery. They should be upright, and worship God in sincerity. They are to proclaim divine judgment upon those who refuse to obey God’s will, just like Jeremiah declared God’s judgment upon Judah due to the sins of the people.

Like Jeremiah, Christians should speak out against modern idols like love of money, power, and obsession with sports, sex, and drugs among other evils. Christians should condemn destruction of human life, violence; murder, abortion, parents killing their own children, genocide and exploitation of the poor.

Christians should be aware of the existence of false teachings and prophecies. They should pray for God’s guidance and wisdom to be able to distinguish truth from false teaching. Christians have a responsibility to correct one another and call on sinners to repent.

Christians are to be trustworthy, upright, and merciful to the poor and condemn dishonesty. They should practice justice in their relationship with others; preach against disobedience, stubbornness and pray to God to help them overcome these vices.

 

Q: Read these review questions and answer before reading answers>

  1. Why was Jeremiah reluctant to accept the call?
  2. Which evils / sins did Jeremiah Condemn?
  3. Give examples of idol worship in Kenya.
  4. Describe Jeremiahs temple sermon

Answer.

  1. Jeremiah felt inadequate because he was too young to work for God. He argued that he did not know how to speak. He was afraid. He knew he would face stiff opposition from the people of Judah. The message of God’s judgments is difficult to deliver.
  2. Read text again and look for evils and sins that Jeremiah condemned.
  3. Examples of idol worship in Kenya are many. Some people including Christians practice witchcraft, sorcery, personality cults and hero worship of religions and political leaders. Other people, worship money, materialism, media, and sports obsession with power / status Sexual immorality – devil worship
  4. Jeremiahs temple sermon. Read text again.

JEREMIAH’S TEACHINGS ON JUDGMENT AND PUNISHMENT

Read Jeremiah 5:12-18, 6;1-30, 7:30, 8:1-17, 10: 17-25, 15;1-9, 17:1-13, 25: 1-38

  1. Jeremiah teachings

. Sin was internalized in the hearts of the people of Judah. God punished them. God punishes people because of their unfaithfulness. Punishment is a penalty, for an offence or a crime committed.

But in punishing people, God is a just judge. He does not punish people without a reason irrespective of their status.

God judges people by looking into their hearts. Divine judgment is for a group. For example, the people of Judah were punished as a group. However God searches each person’s heart and judges accordingly.

God executes His judgment by means of political and historical events. Divine punishments are in forms of natural disasters like drought, famine, and epidemics. God’s punishment is unavoidable, and inescapable. Judah took the best option by surrendering to the Babylonians.

The purpose for God’s judgment is to correct the sinner. God gave his people a chance to repent before he punished them. God’s judgment is universal. It is not limited to one nation. God punished the neighbors of Judah who at that time were Egypt, Moab, Ammon, and Babylon. God’s punishment is severe compared to that of venomous snakes that bite the people of Judah. God’s judgment is not necessarily a punishment from God for one’s sins. It is symbolic. The sufferings of Jeremiah were symbolic of the life of the people of Judah.

What can we learn about God’s punishments? Are modern disasters such as cyclones, floods, earthquakes, landslides, epidemics, bomb blasts, civil wars, forest fires, rebellions in schools a sign of God’s judgment and punishment? What do you think?

  1. Symbolic acts related to judgment and punishment

People use several methods to convey messages to each other. We use songs, advertisements, dramas, and stories by the fireside, in novels, the Internet, and magazines to communicate messages about children, adults, society, political leaders, poverty and many others. The prophets used: (1). Oracles;

‘Thus says the Lord’; (2) Allegories (3) Parables (4) Songs (5) Symbolic Visions (6) Symbolic actions and (7) dramatized messages

Symbolic acts of Jeremiah

  1. The linen waist cloth (Jer.13)
  2. Jeremiah’s personal life (Jer.16)

iii. Jeremiah’s visit to a potter (Jer.18)

  1. The broken earthen flask (Jer.19)
  2. The symbolic vision of 2 baskets of figs (Jer.24)
  3. The wearing of the yoke
  4. The Linen Waist Cloth. Read Jer.13

Jeremiah was instructed by God to buy a linen waistcloth and wear it around his waist without dipping it in water. He was told to hide the cloth in a hole near river Euphrates. Afterwards he was told to take the cloth. He found it spoilt for wearing.

-Significance. The liner material was for priestly garments in Israel. It symbolized Israel’s holiness. The unwashed cloth represented Judah’s sinful pride. Israel used to cling close to God but now Israel / Judah were spoilt, rebellious, and arrogant and pursued foreign gods. God was going to destroy them if they did not repent. The spoilt linen waistcloth was a symbol for future God’s action.

  1. Jeremiah’s personal Life. Read Jer 16.

His life was a symbolic act. He was told not to marry, have children, and not attend funerals, social gatherings, feasts and wedding parties.

-Significance. The personal life of Jeremiah was one of suffering. This signified the suffering that the people of Judah would be subjected to. Judah was punished because of their wickedness and rebellion.

Jeremiah’s loneliness signified the perishing of families through the sword, famine and disease. It would be a time of terror for the families of Judah. Their normal social life of feasting, merry making would come to an end. There would be no weddings and no one to bury the dead. Hence Jeremiah was forbidden from mourning for the dead.

iii. Jeremiah’s at the potter’s house (Jer.18)

Jeremiah was told to go to a potter’s house. He found the potter making a clay vessel. “Whenever a piece of pottery turned out imperfect, he would take the clay and make it into something else (18: 4).

The potter made a better pot, more perfect vessel than the spoilt one.

-Significance. God is the potter. People of Judah are the clay. As the potter destroyed to vessel, God intended to destroy Judah because of their wickedness and mould those who repented into better people. God was going to shape them into faithful people. God’s judgment was to be a corrective punishment.

  1. The broken clay Jar. Read Jer.19.

God told Jeremiah to buy a clay flask

He then took some elders and priests to the valley of Valley of Hinnon. He delivered a sermon condemning the people of Judah for their idolatry and other evils. Jeremiah then broke the clay jar in their presence and announced to them that Yahweh would destroy Jerusalem and Judah as Jeremiah had destroyed the jar.

-Significance. The kings, priests and prophets of Judah would be shattered like the clay flask because of their sins. Sine, they brutally sacrificed their children; they are to suffer horrifying experiences at the hand of their enemies. They shall suffer starvation and turn into cannibals; eating their own children and neighbors (v.9).

Broken pieces of a clay pot cannot be molded. No one was to escape judgment. However there is hope after punishment.

  1. Two Baskets of Figs (Jer.24).

Jeremiah received the visions, after the deportation and exile of leading citizens of Judah and Israel to Babylon. Two baskets of figs were placed in front of the temple. One basket had very good figs, which had ripened. The other basket had bad figs unfit for human consumption.

-Significance. The basket of good figs signified the first exile. God would renew their hearts; use them to fulfill his promises to the Israelites. He would recreate them to a new people. The basket of the bad figs represented people living in Jerusalem and Egypt. Since they were not exiled they had a self-righteous attitude. They thought that God spared them because they were truthful but it was not so. They shall also be destroyed through famine, and diseases. This vision signifies hope and restoration of the Israelites.

  1. Jeremiah Wears an Ox Yoke. Read Jer. 27.

When Zedekiah son of Josiah became the ruler of Judah,

Jeremiah was instructed by God “to make” for himself “a yoke out of leather straps and wooden crossbars” and to wear it around his neck (27: 2). Jeremiah moved around in the yoke for quite some time in public.

He was also given a message for ambassadors of kings of Edom, Moab, Ammon, Tyre, and Sidon, who were coming to see King Zedekiah in Jerusalem. They were to give God’s message to their kings. The message was to “submit to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia; his son, and his grandson. Any nation that accepted this message shall not suffer; but if any nation.Will not submit to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia rule, God will punish that nation by war, starvation and disease” Read Jer 27:6-8. The message for king Zedekiah was to surrender to the Babylonian rule and live, if he resists he would perish.

The message for priests and people of Judah was not to be misled by the false prophets. The temple would be destroyed. Its treasures looted by the Babylonians.

Significance. The yoke represented the Babylonians rule. Nebuchadnezzar was used by God to bring judgment to all nations. Yahweh is a universal God and his judgment is universal. Sinners are punished regardless of their origin or nation. Those who repent are spared.

Reflection questions

Q: Why did God inspire Jeremiah to use symbolic acts to convey his message?

Answer

Israelites were stubborn. Jeremiah acts were reminders to Judah to turn to God and stop idolatry and all the sins they were committing. They had drifted too far from God. False prophets were prophesying lies to them. The people of Judah were expected to meditate on these acts and understand God’s will for them and see the seriousness of the matter. This was also to imprint a lasting impression in their minds.

  1. Which methods do pastors / priests use to communicate God’s message to Christians today?
  2. The sufferings and lamentations of Jeremiah

Read Jer 11, 12, 17:14 – 18, 18:18- 23, 20: 1 – 6, 27, 37, and 38.

Jeremiah sufferings were experiences that were painful; physically and emotionally. In suffering there is loss and grief. Lamentations are strong emotional expressions of pain and grief. Jeremiah suffered in the following ways

  1. Rejection by his own family and relatives. They plotted to kill him. This grieved Jeremiah.
  2. Anathoth planned to kill him but God protected Jeremiah. He pronounced God’s judgment upon them

III. Jeremiah suffered when he was accused falsely. He was accused of blasphemy after the temple sermon. He foretold the destruction of the temple, just like Jesus Christ in the New Testament did.

  1. He was accused of treachery. That he was planning to leave Jerusalem and join the Babylonians. This led to Jeremiah being arrested and put in an underground jail.
  2. Jeremiah received death threats because of speaking for God. King Jehoiakim plotted to kill prophet

Uriah. The prophet escaped to Egypt but he was followed to Egypt, arrested and killed by king Jehoiakim. The king had planned to accuse Jeremiah of Uriah death. Ahikam and other elders defended Jeremiah. (Jeremiah 26)

  1. Jeremiah suffered loneliness and solitude. He felt emotional anguish and complained to God of his orders not to marry; neither attend social gathering and celebrations. This made Jeremiah lonely since he did not participate in the family life, political life, community activities and religious life.

VII. Jeremiah experienced inner personal struggle due to his love for his own people He did not want to see them suffer but the people were stubborn Read Jer. 12:1 – 6, 15:10 – 21, and 27.

VIII. Jeremiah’s prophesying judgment caused him emotional pain and agony. His messages were mainly of severe judgment and punishment.

  1. He went through a spiritual struggle in his relationship with God. He felt frustrations, doubts, self-pity and despair. He wondered why God made him suffer. Why do the wicked prosper? He also wondered why God was taking too long to fulfill his prophecies. God assured him that Judah would be punished and promised to give Jeremiah victory against his enemies.
  2. Jeremiah suffered physical assault, imprisonment and an attempt on his life. Pashhur, the chief temple priest ordered beating and chaining of Jeremiah to the temple gate. Jeremiah prophesied that Pashshur’s name would change to ‘terror everywhere’.
  3. King Zedekiah released Jeremiah from the cell to his court. Jeremiah continued to prophecy and was thrown in a muddy cistern. Here he was rescued by Ebed- melech an Ethiopian Eunuch. The court officials had accused him of not being patriotic. Jeremiah remained in jail until the Babylonians overthrew Jerusalem. He did not change his prophecies. Read Jer. 10:1 – 6, 27, 37, and 38.

Is there relevance of the sufferings and lamentations of Jeremiah to Christians today? From his suffering

Christians learn to be ready to face opposition and rejection from their own family members and relatives for the sake of the gospel. Christians should be prepared to suffer persecution for the Lord.

Christians should be ready to make sacrifices for the sake of God. Be ready to lead humble lives.

Jeremiah’s open confessions to God encourage Christians to be open to God. Christians should let God avenge for them just like Jeremiah prayed to God to revenge his enemies. Christians should not lose hope in times of difficulty. Christians learn that tribulations strengthen their faith. Christians should learn to deal with negative emotions such as self – pity, grief and trust God. Jeremiah was told by God to repent of his negative utterances. Christians should do the same as they are assured of divine security and protection against their persecutors.

JEREMIAH’S TEACHING ABOUT THE NEW COVENANT

A covenant is an agreement. Another word for covenant is testament. Jeremiah taught that there would be a new covenant between God and Israel. This new covenant would be different from the Old (Sinai) covenant. The new covenant would renew the broken relationship between God and his people.

  1. The New Covenant. In the new covenant, the law would be written in the hearts of the people unlike the old covenant where the law was written on stone tablets. Every individual would know God personally and not through prophets as it was during times of Jeremiah and previous one. Each person would be responsible for his/her sins. God would forgive sins and remember them no more. The new covenant would be established after God’s punishment of Israel and establishing a’ new Israel’, a ‘new people’ of God.

The new covenant would establish a new beginning. People would forget the first Exodus. The second Exodus would be deliverance and restoration from Babylon. God would initiate the new covenant as he did with the first. It would be a new covenant of peace, unity, prosperity, Joy and gladness. In the new covenant a ‘righteous branch’ would be established. The new covenant would be everlasting. It would not be broken again.

  1. Differences between the old covenant and the new covenant

Old Covenant New Covenant

  1. Based on law Based on faith
  2. Word written on stone tablets Word written in people’s hearts
  3. God known personally by a few priests prophets and prophets. Each to person to know God personally
  4. Covenant broken when people sinned Everlasting covenant
  5. Sins punished collectively Sins punished individually
  6. 1st Exodus from Egypt 2nd Exodus from Babylon
  7. Sealed by animal sacrifice Sealed by Jesus sacrifice (blood)

What are the similarities between the old and the new covenant? Jesus fulfilled the new covenant. Jesus is the ‘righteous branch’ from the lineage of David. In the last supper, before his death, Jesus said ‘this cup which is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. Read Luke, 22:20. The death and resurrection of Jesus marks the new covenant. Jesus spoke of forgiveness of sins of humanity Jesus forgave people’s sins, for example, the sinful woman in Simon’s house (Luke7: 36 – 50). In the new covenant the law would be written in people’s hearts. Jesus summarized the Mosaic Law into ‘love God with all your heart, mind, and strength and love your neighbor as you love yourself. Jesus established the kingdom of God as a new community of God’s people based on faith (the Christians).

Jesus fulfilled the new covenant prophecies The teachings of Jeremiah new covenant of hope and restoration is fulfilled in Jesus Christ and the new testament church (Christians) Heb.8:7 – 12.

JEREMIAH’S TEACHINGS ON HOPE AND RESTORATION

  1. Symbolic acts related to hope and restoration.

The symbolic acts were one hope and restore. Hope is to expect something that is desired; while to restore is to bring back as nearly as possible the former or original state or condition. The symbolic acts were 5 in number.

The first symbolic act was a vision of 2 baskets of figs. We have discussed it. Refer to the symbolic act related to judgment.

The second symbolic act was Jeremiah buying a field. God instructed Jeremiah to buy a field from his cousin Hanamel of Anathoth. Jeremiah bought the field for 17 cents of silver. He then handed the title deed and open copy to Baruch. Baruch was told to keep the title deed and the copy in an earthen vessel for preservation for a long time. Jeremiah prophesied the restoration of the exiles to their homeland.

The significance of this symbolic act is the assurance of restoration of Judah and Israel after suffering.

People will be restored to their homeland. After 70 years people of Judah would reconstruct their homes, cultivate their land, and own property (Jer 32; 1 -15).

-The third symbolic act was Jeremiah’ letter to the Jews in Babylonia. Jeremiah wrote to the people of Judah a letter of encouragement while in exile. They were to settle down, build houses, marry and have children, live in peace with the Babylonians. They were to pray for the welfare of their masters and to ignore false prophets who lied to them about the safety of Jerusalem and a quick return. God would restore them back to their land after 70 years of exile were over. The exiles were to trust in God and not give up (Jer.29).

The four symbolic acts was a wooden ox yoke. The yoke represented captivity and suffering of Jews in exile. It was also a sign of hope if the people of Judah were willing to submit to the Babylonian rule. God would restore them back to their land. Their yoke would be broken and they would be set free.

The fifth symbolic act was the visit to the porter’s house

  1. The fall of Jerusalem and the exile of the Israelites (Jer.39)

Jeremiah’s prophecy came to pass. Jerusalem fell to the Babylonians in the ninth year of King Zedekiah in 587BC. The Babylonians conquered Jerusalem and seized it. King Zedekiah fled but; he was captured by the Babylonians army. He witnessed the execution of his sons. His eyes were gauged out. He was then taken in chains to captivity in Babylon. Solomon’s temple was looted and destroyed. Villages,

Jerusalem and the palace were destroyed and burnt down. The priests, court officials, army officials, people in the upper class, craftsmen were executed. City people were taken to Babylon as captives. The poor, aged and a few people were left behind and given vineyards to farm.

Nebuchadnezzar’s army was brutal to the Israelites. Many were killed. A few like Ebed – Melech were spared as prophesied by Jeremiah (he had rescued him from the well). Nebuchadnezzar ordered the release of Jeremiah. He was treated well

Judah became a province of Babylon. Gedaliah was appointed governor of Judah. He stayed at Mizpah, the headquarters of Judah. Ishmael killed Gedaliah. Later Jeremiah was forced to go to Egypt by the Israelites. Jeremiah died in Egypt, an old man, and still faithful to his call.

RELATING THE TEACHINGS OF JEREMIAH TO THE NEW TESTAMENT AND CHRISTIAN LIFE TODAY

Jeremiah was rejected by his relatives, friends and the Israelites. In the New Testament, Jesus was rejected in his hometown of Nazareth: and by the religious leaders of Israel. Jeremiah compared himself to a lamb being led to the slaughter. Jesus in the New Testament is referred to as a lamb led to the slaughter. Jeremiah’s suffering symbolizes divine judgment over Judah. However Jesus sufferings were to bring salvation to all mankind. Both Jeremiah and Jesus experienced spiritual agony. Jeremiah experience agony and felt left alone by God. Jesus too felt agony when praying in the garden of Gethsemane and when on the cross.

Jeremiah taught that God is universal and a just judge. The gospel of Jesus is universal and everybody is judged according to his or her faith in God. Jeremiah and Jesus accused the Israelites of turning the temple into a “den of robbers”. Jeremiah and Jesus were both accused of blasphemy. Both challenged false beliefs about the temple. Both Jeremiah and Jesus spoke of the coming judgment of God.

The new covenant was fulfilled in the life and ministry of Jesus Christ Jeremiah spoke of hope and restoration. Jesus gives hope of eternal life in the New Testament.

  1. Relationship of Jeremiah’s teaching to Christian today.

Christians are to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ. They are empowered by the Holy Spirit to endure suffering and to grow spiritually. Christians like Jeremiah face false prophets who speak in Jesus name.

Christians are to be watchful and obey Yahweh

Like Jeremiah Christians should call people to repentance. The new covenant is fulfilled in Christian’s individual relationship with God. Christians are the new people, the new Israel as prophesied by Jeremiah. His teachings reveal that God is universal. Christians are from all corners of the earth.

Christians should prepare for divine judgment by practicing love, righteousness, self-denial, and faith in God.

Revision exercise

  1. List the evils that Jeremiah condemned
  2. What are some of the evils that church leaders condemn today?
  3. Explain the symbolism used during the call of prophet Jeremiah
  4. What did Jeremiah teach about the new covenant?
  5. Why did prophet Jeremiah condemn the way the Israelites worshipped?
  6. Explain Jeremiah’s temple sermon as recorded in jeremiah7: 1-15
  7. What forms of punishment did Jeremiah prophesy that God would use on Judah?
  8. Outline the content of Jeremiah’s letter to exiles in Babylon
  9. Explain four symbolic acts related to judgment and punishment as demonstrated by prophet Jeremiah
  10. Identify the relevance of Jeremiah’s teaching to Christians today
  11. In what ways is the prophetic mission of Jeremiah similar to that of Jesus?

NEHEMIAH

Introduction

The book of Nehemiah is a historical writing. Nehemiah is a record of his deep dependence on God and his frequent prayer to God. Nehemiah means “Yahweh has comforted. Nehemiah was the son of Hacaliah of Judah. He was not a prophet. He was exiled to Babylon. Persians captured Babylon and improved the living condition of the Israelites. They were allowed religious freedom but had to pay tributes.

BACKGROUND TO NEHEMIAH

  1. Political and historical background.

 From 587 BC to 538 BC, Israelites were in exile. In 538 B.C., the first group of Israelites was set free and returned to Judah. Cyrus the Great, of Persia ruled his subjects through governors. They were led out of Babylon by Joshua the high priest and Zerubbabel who became the first governor of Judah.

Some Jews remained in Babylon. They were referred to as Jews in Diaspora or dispersion. Other Jews remained in other lands including Egypt, and Mediterranean lands Nehemiah. He was a cupbearer in the palace of the Persian king Artaxerxes I. He later became a governor of Judah. Even after the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem, Israelites remained subjects of the Persian king.

The Wall of Jerusalem was important to Israel and Judah. The Wall represented a sense of pride, ownership, privacy, independence and Security. The Greeks conquered the Persians; who were later conquered by Romans.

  1. Social background

The Jews in foreign lands retained their Jewish way of life. The land of Israel was partly occupied by foreigners. The foreign cultures of neighboring rulers influenced Israelites who returned. They for example, intermarried with foreigners, a custom that God did not allow. Israelites were not to intermarry with other people according to the Mosaic Law. In spite of this however, Jews maintained their separated identity. Some of the foreigners despised Jews. The wealthy Jews oppressed the poor Jews. In Jerusalem there was starvation. Nehemiah condemned oppression of the poor.

  1. Religious background

Jews returned to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem and the altar of God for sacrifices. While in exile, Jews were allowed by the Babylonian king to practice their religion. They worshipped Yahweh, practiced circumcision, obeyed dietary laws and observed the Sabbath. The exiles could not however observe all the religious practices for example offering animal sacrifices.

Nehemiah returned to Jerusalem to rebuild it’s the wall. The temple of Jerusalem was rebuilt, cleared and dedicated to God.

Prayers by Nehemiah and modern Christians

Nehemiah prayed, mourned, and fasted. He prayed often and for all actions, keeping God’s law, forgiveness, punishments, human relations, Jerusalem, good works, contributions and offerings, observance of Sabbath day, and preparing duty allocations for priests and Levites. .

  1. When he learnt about the suffering of Jews who remained in Judah and the ruined state of Jerusalem; He prayed for forgiveness on behalf of his people (Neh.4: 1 – 11).
  2. Making a request to King Artaxerxes to be permitted to return to Judah (Neh.2: 4 –

iii. When his enemies ridiculed the Jews and planned to discourage them from rebuilding the wall of

Jerusalem. Tobiah in particular said that the wall was poorly constructed and it could be brought down by; a fox jumping on it. Nehemiah reque-sted God to punish the enemies who were mocking temple builders (Neh.4: 4 – 5).

  1. When he learnt that his enemies were conspiring to attack Jerusalem to stop the construction work, he prayed and organized people to provide a 24-hour guard of the wall (Neh.4: 7 – 9).
  2. For his good work, he prayed for his works (Neh 5:19).
  3. When his enemies plotted to destroy him, he prayed God for strength and courage to overcome his enemies (Neh 6: 19).

vii. When Shemaih attempted to frighten him to hide in the temple claiming that there was a plot to kill him, Nehemiah prayed and asked God to punish his enemies (Neh 6:14).

viii. When he organized contributions for Levites and musicians; and people to distribute them. He asked God to remember his work for the house of God (Neh 13:14).

  1. He stopped trade on the Sabbath day, and organized rest on the Sabbath day. He warned traders against violating the Sabbath law. He asked Lord to remember him for these actions (Neh.13: 22).
  2. Nehemiah prayed for punishment of the son of Joiada. The son of Joiada had brought disgrace to the priest hood by marrying a foreigner, the daughter of Sanballat from the town of Beth Horon, (Neh 13:29). after cleansing the Israelites of foreign influence, he forbade mixed marriages
  3. He prepared duty regulations for priests and Levites. He allocated them duties. He then organized Jews to bring offerings for maintaining priests and Levites. He prayed God to remember his work for the temple, priests and Levites (Neh 13:31).
  4. Importance of prayer in Christian life

Through prayers, Christians express their faith in God and praise God for his greatness, goodness, holiness, and majesty. Prayer brings Christians closer to God; it strengthens their relationship with God.

Through prayer Christians request for their needs, blessings, success, good health, and protection among other requests.

Prayers help Christians to listen to God and to seek his will. Prayer is a source of strength. It gives Christians courage to face and overcome life’s challenges. Christians seek guidance, comfort and support in times of trials. In prayer, Christians intercede for the sick, poor, hungry, prisoners, friends, family and community. The communal / public prayers unite Christians together. Through prayers, Christians ask for forgiveness and the ability to forgive others. In prayers, Christians trust that God listens and answers their prayers.

 

 

LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF NEHEMIAH

Introduction

A leader is someone charged with the responsibility of guiding, contro-lling, directing and leading others. Nehemiah had many leadership qualities. These were: –

1) God fearing man. Nehemiah feared God, relied and depended on God.

2) Prayerfulness – he prayed constantly before and after making decisions.

3) Courageous – He displayed courage even when his life was in danger

4) Hard work and commitment. He was dedicated to the rebuilding of the wall of the temple and Jerusalem.

5) Team spirit – he was a team leader, motivating people to work.

6) He had planning and organizational skills

7) He was visionary

He had compassion for the needy especially the poor, Levites and priests

9) He was patriotic loved his country

10) Wisdom. He made wise decisions at the right time.

11) He led by example, a role model

12) He was honest and sincere in his prayers

13) He was shrewd and impartial

14) His trusted God absolutely.

15) He was decisive. He told God about decisions he had made and asked for their recognition.

16) He was humble. He asked to be allowed to return to Jerusalem and oversee the repair of its wall and temple.

16) He believed in law and punishment of wrong doers. He asked God to punish lawbreakers especially Jews who married foreigners.

  1. Relevance of Nehemiah’s leadership to Christians today

Christians should copy all the leadership qualities of Nehemiah. They should trust in God and seek his guidance in all their activities and needs.

  1. Christians should live a life of prayer
  2. Christians should be courageous, be ready to defend the gospel of Jesus Christ.
  3. Christians should be dedicated to their work. Work diligently and honestly
  4. Christians should set realistic goals and organize their activities.
  5. Christians should seek wisdom from God to be able to choose appropriate activities to attain their visions.
  6. Christians should care for the needy and be compassionate to all
  7. Christians should be patriotic and ready to defend their country against internal / external threats.
  8. Christians should need to fight for the rights of the helpless children, widows, orphans, and aged.
  9. Christians should seek God first, view themselves as servants of God and be good role models.

BUILDING THE WALL OF JERUSALEM

The wall of Jerusalem was destroyed when Babylonians conquered Judah. After finishing the wall, he dedicated it to the Lord. Dedication is to devote something in honor of a person held dear or to set aside something for some special purpose.

  1. Nehemiah rebuilt the wall of Jerusalem. The rebuilt wall had several gates with different names. The gates were the entrances to Jerusalem. Their names were Dung gate, Potsherd gate, Fountain gate, Water gate, Horse gate, East gate, Sheep gate, Fish gate, Watch gate and Ephraim gate. Knowing the names of the gates may not be necessary but its good information.
  2. Problems faced by Nehemiah.

When Nehemiah was building the wall of Jerusalem, he faced many challenges. There was lack of cooperation by the nobles of Tekoa. They did not want to do manual work at first but they later repented. Nehemiah faced opposition from enemies such as. Sanballat, and Tobiah, the Arab who tried to thwart the progress of Nehemiah’s work. As he built Jerusalem, the rich oppressed the poor. This was worsened by famine

The priests misused the temple and the offerings. For example, temple duties had been abandoned. The Levites were not getting their share of the offerings and the Sabbath was violated. There was laxity in observance of the Sabbath. This was a challenge to Nehemiah because Sabbath day should be kept holy.

There was a lot of foreign influence because of the conquests by several foreign armies, intermarriages and interactions between Jews, neighboring people and foreigners. Marriages in particular threatened the identity of the Israelites as a nation. Worse still Priests married to foreign women defiled the priesthood according to Nehemiah. Because of these assimilations of Jews through marriages, Nehemiah knew that Israel and Judah would eventually be lost as God’s nation. Because of his opposition to these interactions, Nehemiah received death threats.

  1. Dedication of the wall of Jerusalem (NEH. 12:27 – 47)

The rebuilt wall was dedicated to God. The wall restored security and prestige of God’s people. The wall of Jerusalem was set-aside for God in a solemn ceremony. There was a dedication ceremony in which people sung with symbols, harps, lyres, trumpets and other instruments. The priests and Levites purified themselves.

The people led by Ezra, Nehemiah, the priests and other leaders of Judah walked around the wall. They divided themselves into two groups. One group walked from the right side and the other group from the left side and converged at the temple. Sacrifices were offered and people rejoiced. Some men were appointed to be in charge of the storehouses; where tithes and first fruits of harvest were kept.

  1. Relevance of Nehemiah’s experience to Christians today

Christians should expect opposition, as did Nehemiah. They should not be afraid of being ridiculed, mocked and despised. If it happens, Christians should persevere in God’s work. They should put their trust in God like Nehemiah did.

They should also fight for the welfare of the disadvantaged groups and not exploit them. They have a moral obligation to condemn injustice and take practical steps to help solve problems that afflict individuals, groups, nations, and society. They should be in the forefront fighting HIV/ AIDS and drug abuse.

Christians should be on the lookout for external influence that may corrupt morals of the society and the church. They should learn that leadership involves suffering, persecution, and sacrifices. This is foregoing personal interests for the sake of the kingdom of God.

RENEWAL OF THE COVENANT

  1. Stages of the renewal of the covenant.

Israelites were the chosen people of God. They had suffered many hardships. There was therefore a need for the renewal of the covenant between God and Israelites. The ceremony to renewal the covenant was held in Jerusalem and was led by Ezra, the Levites and other religious leaders. The renewal of the covenant can be discussed in 3 main stages:

-Stage 1. A great public assembly was held in the square of Jerusalem inside the water gate. God’s law was read and expounded to the people. The people of Israel praised and worshipped God. They cried and grieved. They were sad because they realized that they had failed to observe the Mosaic Law. They were instructed to go and celebrate, as it was a holy day of God and an occasion for joy not sorrows.

-State 2. The feast of booths/tabernacle was celebrated for 7 days. It was a reminder of the days in the wilderness when the Israelites dwelt in tents. The Law of Moses was read each day during the celebrations.

-Stage 3. There was a public confession of sin. People fasted, prayed and praised God. The public confession was followed by the renewal of the covenant vows and a promise to keep God’s law in future.

Ezra’s prayer closed the celebrations. In his prayer, he recalled God’s acts of creation. He then recounted the history of the Israelites. He mentioned the previous acts of God; where the Lord had demonstrated His love and mercy for the Israelites. He then confessed the sins of their ancestors and the present Israelites. These were the sins of rebellion and disobedience.

  1. Promises and vows made by Israelites during the renewal of the covenant. Israelites promised God that they would:

 Live according to God’s law, by obeying all his commands and requirements.

 Stop intermarrying with foreigners living in their land.

Cancel debts every 7th year

Contribute annually towards the temple expenses to ensure that the house of God was not neglected.

Provide sacrifices and offerings for the temple and arrange for provision of wood for burnt sacrifices according to the law.

Offer first fruits of their harvest and dedicate the first born and flocks as required by the law.

 Pay for their tithes as required by the law.

Which lessons can we learn from the renewal of the covenant? God is good, loving, merciful, and faithful to his promises. God forgives all people and we are all sinners. We fail in our moral obligation to God and to one another.

Since we are sinners, we should repent our sins and strive to live according to God’s law. Christians are to encourage one another as well as others to repent as it brings about reconciliation with God and with one another.

Christians should be forgiving and avoid situations that lead them to sin

  1. Check from form 1 work, this information.
  2. Outline Nehemiah’s final reforms
  3. What is a covenant?
  4. What are the components of a covenant?
  5. Discuss how the covenant was renewed
  6. List examples of covenants in the Old Testament and modern life.
  7. Explain what Christians can learn from the experiences of Nehemiah
  8. Compare or relate the teachings from Nehemiah’s exemplary life to the teaching of St. Luke’s Gospel and Christian life today.

FINAL REFORMS OF NEHEMIAH

Introduction.

Changes for improvement are known as reforms, which are political, economical, social, religious or a combination of any of them. Examples of reformers are King David, Prophet Elijah, and Martin Luther King among others.

-Nehemiah. After building the wall, Nehemiah went back to King Artaxerxes II who if you remember had given permission to go to Jerusalem and build its destroyed perimeter wall. Later he returned to

Jerusalem and carried out these reforms.

  1. Reforms by Nehemiah. We have discussed reforms, which Nehemiah carried out during his stay in Judah, where he was the governor (Neh 5:14). The major reforms were:

i Rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem as well as its gates.

  1. Cleansing of the temple: Nehemiah threw him out Tobiah a foreigner who was living in the temple quarters.

iii. Reinstatement of the Levites and other temple workers. Levites, and musicians had left the temple duties to work in their farms to earn a livelihood. They were supposed to work in the temple and be supported by member contributions. Nehemiah organised Jews to make offerings and tithes to support temple workers. With these contributions, Nehemiah reinstated and redeployed Levites, priests, musicians and other temple workers.

  1. Reform of the Sabbath observance. The Israelites were told by the Lord to work for 6 days and rest on the Sabbath day. The Jews started working on the Sabbath day. The merchants camped outside waiting for the reopening of the gates of the temple to do business. When Nehemiah started rebuilding Jerusalem, he ordered closure of the gates of Jerusalem from the eve of Sabbath to the end of the Sabbath.

v Separations from foreigners (Neh.13: 23 – 30). It was against God’s law to marry foreigners. Nehemiah cursed the men who had married foreign wives. He beat Jews, pulled their hair and forced them to take oaths that neither they, nor their sons nor daughters shall intermarry.

  1. Purification of priesthood and the office of the Levites. Nehemiah cleansed the priesthood. He sent away Eliashib, a grandson of the High Priest Joshua, because he had given Tobiah a foreigner, a room in the temple.

 

 

  1. Comparing teachings of Nehemiah and St. Luke’s Gospel
  2. Nehemiah lived a prayerful life while St. Luke’s gospel emphasizes importance of prayer. Jesus taught the role of prayer in Christianity.
  3. Nehemiah fasted, St. Luke’s gospel records that Jesus fasted.

iii. Nehemiah prayed for forgiveness of sinful Jews. We see Jesus in St. Luke’s gospel being a leader who prayed for the forgiveness of his enemies.

  1. Nehemiah cared for the needy. Jesus showed compassion to the needy and taught his followers to follow His example.
  2. Nehemiah condemned evil so did Jesus
  3. Nehemiah is seen as a reformer of the Mosaic Law. In St Luke Gospel, Jesus was also a reformer. He insisted on inner holiness.

vii. Nehemiah cleansed the temple of traders so did Jesus.

viii. Nehemiah was very strict on the Sabbath observance. St. Luke’s gospel teaches that Jesus is lord over Sabbath. He healed and “Worked” on Sabbath.

  1. Nehemiah was opposed to racial intermarriages; St. Luke Gospel was dedicated to Theophilus, a gentile convert
  2. Christianity kingdom of God in St. Luke’s gospel is for all, not just the Jews.
  3. Nehemiah had good leadership skills and wisdom. These are demonstrated in St Luke Gospel.
  4. Relating Nehemiah’s teachings to Christian life today

i Prayers and fasting are fundamental to Christians just like they were to Nehemiah who led a prayerful life.

  1. Nehemiah’s example teaches Christians to face all forms of opposition with courage, wisdom, and firmness

iii. The good leadership qualities of Nehemiah are relevant to Christians and they are to be emulated.

  1. Nehemiah cared for the needy. Christians should learn to give spiritual food, physical food and clothing to the needy, orphans, widows.
  2. As Nehemiah renewed the covenant, Christians should seek spiritual renewal publicly and privately.

They should seek for communal as well as individual forgiveness.

  1. Nehemiah cleansing the temple and organized an inventory for temple contributions, offerings and tithes. He also appointed key people to look after temple contributions and pay Levites and priests.

Christians should learn to use the church buildings and contributions rightly

vii. Nehemiah was guided by the Law of Moses and land just like Christians are guided by the scriptures (Bible) and the law of the nation. The Bible is the source and basis of Christian principles.

Revision questions

  1. Describe the political background of Nehemiah
  2. Describe the social background to the vocation of Nehemiah
  3. Describe the religious background to the vocation of Nehemiah
  4. Describe occasions when Nehemiah prayed
  5. State occasions when Christians pray
  6. What is the importance of prayer in Christian life?
  7. Identify the leadership of Nehemiah’s patriotism
  8. Explain the relevance of Nehemiah’s leadership to a Christian today
  9. Explain the relevance of Nehemiah’s experience to Christians today
  10. Explain the problems that Nehemiah encountered in his vocation
  11. Explain the steps taken by Nehemiah to renew the covenant
  12. State the promises the Israelites made during the renewal of the covenant

Study activities. Visit a church or your church and observe the display of the gifts of the Holy Spirit by the members. Study the books of Amos, Jeremiah and Nehemiah beforehand.

Form three answers.

TOPIC ONE: THE GIFTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT.

Qn a. Explain the meaning of the Pentecost.

Pentecost means fifty days after the harvest.

It was one of the religious festivals celebrated by Israelites annually.

In the Old Testament, the day of the Pentecost was celebrated during the wheat harvest in order to thank god for the blessing of the harvest.

Israelites came from all over the world and gathered in Jerusalem for this celebration.

In the New Testament, the meaning of the festival changed. It was celebrated to commemorate the coming of the Holy Spirit upon God’s people as they gathered in the upper room.

Qn b. Describe the manifestations of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost. (Acts 2: 1-40) OR (narrate the events that took place on the day of Pentecost).

Disciples gathered in a room.

Sounds came from heaven like a rush of mighty wind and filled the house.

There appeared tongues of fire.

The tongues of fire were distributed on each one of them.

They were filled with the Holy Spirit.

They were speaking in foreign languages and tongues.

Those who were observing them were amazed, as they could not understand what they were saying.

They accused them of being drunk

Peter stood up and explained that they were not drunk as it was too early in the day to get drunk.

He explained how they were filled with the Holy Spirit as prophesied by Prophet Joel.

He told them that it was Jesus whom they had rejected and crucified who had sent them the Holy Spirit.

The people asked peter what they could do.

Peter told them to repent and be baptized.

On that day about 3000 people were added to the church.

Qn c. write down five teachings we learn about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the day of Pentecost.

Jesus was from Nazareth

He had a divine nature or was son of God

He had a human nature

He was attested by God to work miracles and wonders through Jesus.

Jesus’ death/ crucifixion was according to God’s plan

God raised Jesus from the dead

Jesus conquered death

The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfils the prophecy of David

Jesus was a descendant of David

The Holy Spirit was from Jesus Christ as he had promised.

God has made Jesus Christ both lord and Christ/ messiah

Jesus ascended into heaven. He is exalted at the right hand of God

The risen Christ is a source if hope or salvation to many sinners/crippled/the dead

Qn d. What were the qualities of peter that made him a successful leader for the apostolic church?

He was a man of great faith

He was a good orator

He dedicated his life to Jesus

He was filled with the Holy Spirit

He could perform miracles or wonders

He was an eye- witness of the ministry of Jesus Christ.

He was full of wisdom and knowledge i.e. Anania’s and Saphira’s case

Qn e. what lessons can Christians learn from the events of the day of Pentecost

They learn that Jesus always honors and keeps his promises e.g. he promised to send the Holy Spirit and did it

Baptism in the Holy Spirit is very important for every believer

That obedience yields immediate results i.e. the disciples obeyed Jesus by testifying in Jerusalem and they received the Holy Spirit.

It is important for believers to meet for fellowship. The disciples did this and they received the Holy

Spirit

That the Holy Spirit enables Christians to declare the gospel with boldness

It was the plan of God that Jesus was crucified

Jesus indeed rose from the dead as peter witnessed

Jesus was the son of God

Qn f. state the teachings of Jesus on the Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit comes from the father

The Holy Spirit will comfort disciples

The Holy Spirit will abide with believers forever. He was to teach the world and reveal the truth about God

The Holy Spirit would guide them into all truth and make them understand or know more about Jesus

The percolate i.e. comforter/make strong/counselor who give advice

He was to help them attain eternal life. If it was necessary for him to die and return to the father so that Holy Spirit will be sent to them. It was to replace Jesus as a counselor and an advocate

He was to give the disciples authority to forgive or not to forgive

The spirit would remind them all that Jesus had taught them

The holy spirit will reprove the world of sin, righteousness and judgment

He would glorify Jesus amongst the believers

He will enable believers to be witnesses of Jesus in the whole world

He was to strengthen disciples as a wonderful counselor

He was to continue with the work of Jesus as a witness

Qn g. what is the role if the holy spirit according to Jesus?

He comforts believers

He teaches believers all things

He bring into remembrance all that Jesus taught his disciples

The holy spirit would convict the world of their sins and lead them to righteousness

He will guide the believers in all the truth

He will glorify Christ and teach about him

He will tell of the things to come in the future

He would not speak on his own authority but would speak only what he hears from the father

He will enable believers to be witnesses of Jesus in the world

He will counsel believers because he knows the mind of God

He will enable believers know the perfect will of God

Qn h. what is the role of the Holy Spirit in the believers (or Christians or the church)

He enables believers to preach with power

He comforts believers

He guides believers in all truth

He gives believers boldness to witness about Jesus

He enables Christians to produce the fruit of the spirit

He washes sacrifices and justifies the believer in the name of Jesus

He teaches believers all things

He enables Christians to access God the father and son in prayer

He enables Christians talk in tongues in worship

He enables Christians to perform miracles in the name of Jesus

He enables Christians to declare sins and transgressions of others

Qn i. Outline the fruits of the Holy Spirit (Galatians 5:6-26)

Love showing compassion to one another

Joy deep happiness when one has a good relationship with God

Peace being at peace with all people

Patience being to wait in difficulties

Kindness being caring and helpful towards others

Goodness seeking to do best in their lives

Faithfulness having confidence in God

Gentleness being calm and avoiding violence

Self-control have strong control over their emotions

Qn j. state the criteria for discerning of the spiritual gifts

The gift must glorify Jesus so that one who is under the influence of th Holy Spirit will be able to recognize Jesus as lord and savior

The gifts must not call Jesus accursed

The test of love. The gift must be accompanied with a good or true frit. To discover whether or not the person who has the Holy Spirit must bear the fruits of the spirit

 One who is user the influence if the Holy Spirit is known by his or her way of life, He/she will act and behave in accordance with the teachings of Jesus.

Doctrinal test for example, prophecy should always in agreement with the scripture because the Holy

Spirit cannot contradict what is written

 Loyalty or conformity to Jesus. The gift doesn’t envy other believers

The gift must be subject to the word of God

The true gift will be guided by principles of sincerity and honesty

The true gift will humbly submit to God

The gift should encourage the growth of the church and edify her

Qn k. List down the gifts of the Holy Spirit.

The gift of wisdom (a deep understanding of who God is an his purpose for human life)

The gift of knowledge that is the basic understanding of the truth about Jesus Christ

The gift of faith that refers to the confidence or truth in God’s inspiration and help in undertaking difficult tasks

The gift of healing: the power to heal all types of sicknesses

The gift to perform all types of miracles including healing

The gift of prophecy: that is the ability to expound on the scriptures and foretell its future implications

The gift of distinguishing gifts: the ability to tell the difference between gifts that come from the spirit and those that are not

The gift of speaking in tongues: the ability to understand and interpret tongues

Lastly the gift of love, which is the greatest of all the spiritual gifts.

Qn l. Explain why Paul taught that love is the greatest of all spiritual gifts.

Paul taught that love is the greatest of all spiritual gifts. He said that love is patient and kind

It’s not jealous or boastful. It is not arrogant or rude or conceited. It does not hold grudges or ill mannered or selfish

It does not insist on its own way. It is not irritable or resentful

It does not rejoice at wrong doings but rejoices in the truth

Love bears, believes, hopes and endures all things

It is ready to deep firm its faith, hope and its patience

Love does not succumb to pressure but always perseveres

He justified that love is the greatest gift of the spiritual gifts because in prayer, the gift of tongues becomes nothing but meaningful when accompanied by love (charity)

On faith, Paul says that even if one has faith that can move mountains but has no love, he is nothing

Charity or generosity including sacrificing own life is nothing without love

Qn m. Explain how the Holy Spirit is manifested in the church today

Through dynamic, power, bold and vigorous teaching of the gospel

Through speaking in tongues in many evangelical churches

Through the gift of healing many people are healed as they are prayed for

Through the gift of love, Christians show mercy to all members of the society regardless of their race, sex or age (helping the poor in the society)

Through the gift of prophecy some believers give proper guidance to the church

Through the gift of discernment of spirits believers are able to tell the type of spirit that is in operation

Through the gift of faith, believers have been able to accomplish tasks that seem rather impossible

Some Christians through the Holy Spirit are able to withstand a persecution to the point of death

The Holy Spirit convicts sinners and makes them confess their sins

Through the Holy Spirit many Christians see heavenly visions and dreams

The fear of the lord is upon many evangelical groups through the Holy Spirit

In some evangelical gatherings, there are many supernatural things during worship e.g. shaking and swaying

It is also manifested through prayer at individual or congregational levels

Through decision making in church i.e. solving problems and issues in church

Through singing and dancing or music

Through offertory and alms or sadaka

Holding fellowship meetings, bible study and reading the bible

Celebration of sacraments e.g. Eucharist and lord’s supper

Bringing new converts to the church

Pastoral cave and counseling It is manifested in Ecumenism: working together of the churches

Writing Christian literature e. g. books, pamphlets and magazines

Enabling Christians to confess their sins and reconciliation meetings

Education and giving instructions

Qn n: State ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit have been abused in the church today.

Cheating that one has a certain gift of the Holy Spirit

Commercialization of the gifts. People are asked to pay money before being prayed for or being healed

False interpretation of the bible, prophecy or predicting the future

Unscrupulous Christians may impart demoniac powers or innocent faithful

Some Christians who possess the gifts of the Holy Spirit develop pride or selfishness or superiority complex

Wrong use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit where faithful get into ecstasy or trance which may lead to injuries

Distinguishing oneself as a person with a special call e.g. preacher with intention of exploiting others or situations

TOPIC TWO: UNITY OF BELIEVERS

Qn a. Write down the terms used in the New Testament to refer to believers in Christ

The people of God

The body of Christ

The bride of Christ

The vine and the branches

The Assembly of God

Christians

The people of the way (followers of the way) other terms

Followers of Christ

New Israel

Church

The sheep

The royal church

Brethren

Royal race

Royal priest hood

Holy nation

The children of light

Saints

Brothers and sisters in Christ

Qn b. identify five causes of disunity in the early church

 The question on the inclusion of the gentiles in the church. Some Jewish Christians were not ready to accept gentile Christians in the church unless they underwent circumcision

There was negligence of the widows in the distribution of food

Disagreement between and among leaders e.g. Paul and Barnabas, Peter and Paul

Groupings in the church where some Christians owed loyalty to individuals. They said that they belonged to individuals like Apollo others Peter and others Paul

Question of immorality, where some Christians did not live according to the teachings of Christ

 The problem of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Some Christians became arrogant because they were more gifted than others

Different interpretations of the doctrines e.g. resurrection, sin, salvation, Christology, Holy Spirit, dressing

Behavior during the Lord’s Supper

Christians took others to a pagan rule of law

Question of the resurrection of the body

Question of celibacy

Question of incest sexual immorality

Different approaches to common life between Christians communities in Jerusalem and Antioch

Qn c. identify factors, which cause disunity among Christians today

Selfishness or greed for money by some Christians

Rivalry or competition for leadership positions or greed for power

Misinterpretation by some Christians of the work of the Holy Spirit

Arrogance or pride by some Christians

Corruption in the church

Failure by some Christians to live according to the law of God or their failure to live exemplary

Lack of concern by some Christians about the plight of others

Misinterpretation of the bible or doctrinal differences

Misuse of church funds or power by some leaders

Lack of transparency and accountability in running church affairs

The emergence of charismatic movements in the church creates a situation where some Christians think that they are more spiritual or holier l than others

Political interference where Christians find themselves in different political camps

 Sexism where women are not involved in decision-making. Women are under represented

Discrimination against the youth or churches ignoring the youth in running the church

Tribalism where Christians are divided along tribal lines

International differences

Qn d. Discuss reasons why members of Christian families in Kenya find it difficult to harmoniously live together

Unfaithfulness or promiscuity

Misuse of family resources or lack of resources

Child abuse e.g. beating, raping, incest or favourism

Alcoholism or drug use and abuse

Separation of family members e.g. due to wage labor or education

Denial of conjugal rights

Sickness e.g. HIV/AIDs, impotence, barrenness or cancer

Child delinquency

Lack of tolerance or forgiveness or presence of cruelty

Greed for wealth or self esteemed prestige or professionalism

Religious fanaticism or denominational differences

Traditional or cultural inhabitation or western cultural influences or permissive

Generation gap

Qn e. explain how the church strengthen family relationships today

Through guidance and counseling and mediation

Hold seminars, conferences for couples, children the youth through publications on Christian living e.g. magazines, books or pamphlets

Use of mass media e.g. televisions Radios or videos

Through offering pastoral care in homes or house to house visits

Giving financial support to the needy families

Praying for families

Through preaching, teaching and condemning vices

Offering employment to the jobless

Providing vocational training skills

SELECTED OLD PROPHETS AND THEIR TEACHINGS

Q1. Define the terms prophet and prophecy

Prophet: Refers to one who speaks God’s message. He is God’s spokesman. His message includes predictions of the future.

Prophecy: Is the message spoken by a prophet. Oracles spoken by prophets

Q2. List the five categories of true prophets

  1. i) Major Prophets.
  • These include Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel.
  • They are called Major Prophets because the books are long and contain clearly written messages.
  • They bear the names of the writers.
  1. ii) Minor Prophets
  • These refer to 12 books that are short and contain less important than those in major books e.g. Amos,

Hosea, Joel, Obadiah through to Malachi.

iii) Canonical prophets

  • Both the major and minor prophets are together referred to as canonical prophets.
  1. iv) The early prophets
  • They belonged to guilds or schools.
  • They lived together in communities under a chief prophet. Elijah and Elisha are examples.
  • These are those who served in places of worship e.g. at Dan, Bethuel)
  • They were called cultic prophets because they were associated with religious activities in shrines.
  • They traveled around together delivering oracles.
  1. v) Cultic prophets
  • They worked side by side with priests and said prayers especially people’s petition to Yahweh.

Q3. State the difference between true and false prophets

True Prophets false prophets

They were called by God to be His spokesmen Not called by God.

Were obedient to God

Not obedient to Him

Believed in one God

Could worship other gods and led people into immorality.

They were prayerful.

Spoke and acted with authority from God.

No authority from God

They led holy lives.

Were immoral e.g. believed in false gods.

Spoke God’s word

Spoke their opinion

Suffered physically and psychologically because of speaking the truth

Run away suffering

Spoke the truth

False

Did not ask for pay.

Asked for pay

Spoke form a common tradition based on the Mosaic Law.

Did not have any reference.

Q4. In what ways were God’s prophets called?

Some were called through visions or dreams e.g. Amos and Samuel.

Others were called through other prophets e.g. Elisha.

Words or message came into their minds.

Through prophetic symbolic actions e.g. Jeremiah

Through common objects – an object becoming a significant sign of God’s power and activities Jer.1:11-13.

Through prayers

Q5. Outline the similarities and differences between the Old Testament prophets and the Traditional African Ones

  1. a) Similarities:

Both possessed spiritual powers.

Both were mediators between people and a Supreme Being.

Both performed the role of healing people physically and spiritually (miracle).

They received calls mainly through visions/dreams, which were considered supernatural.

Were both expected to be people of integrity and obedient to religious codes.

Gave warnings and solutions to their people in case they offended the Supreme Being.

Foretold the future

  1. b) Differences:

Old Testament Tradition African

Received their message from God Received their message from spirits and ancestors

Appointed by God

Inherited

Rejected by people

Respected and feared in society

Prophecy went to other nations

Confined in tribal community

Prophecies preserved in writing

Passed on orally

Believe and worship of one God

Believe in god spirits

Performed miracles

Q6. What is the relevant of prophets to Christians today?

Through reading their prophecies, Christians get to know the will of God.

Jesus who is the cornerstone of Christianity is stressed throughout prophecy – since Abraham.

Prophecy has helped many to be preachers (i.e. prophecy = preaching).

Christians learn to be faithful to Yahweh just like the Old Testament prophets.

They too learn to be holy and prayerful like them e.g. Jeremiah.

Prophets encouraged justice e.g. Elijah, Christians should do the same.

As prophets, Christians should provide hope to the people in times of suffering.

They learn that they can face suffering just like the prophets did e.g. Jeremiah e.g. persecution, rejection etc.

They should condemn sin like the prophets.

The writings of the prophets strengthen their faith when they need them.

PROPHET AMOS

Q1. List the visions that Amos saw

He saw a swarm of locusts. Amos 7:1-3

He saw a great fire. Amos 7:4-6

The plumb line/crooked wall. Amos 7:7-8

Basket of ripe fruits Amos 8:1-3

The destruction of the temple Amos 9:1-4

Q2. Explain the evils that Amos condemned in his teachings

Sexual immorality (Amos 2:17)

  • Amos condemned temple prostitution – 23:17.
  • Father and son were going to the same woman.
  • They copied these from the Canaanite pagans, which was wrong and unfaithful to Yahweh.

Slavery: (Amos 2:6)

The righteous, the rich made the poor slaves. This is because they borrowed from the rich and could not repay so they made them work like slaves and treated them harshly. Some sold them for a pair of sandals. This was breaking God’s laws, which guided them on how to treat their poor fellow Israelites.

Idolatry: Amos 5:26

Amos accused them for breaking God’s covenant by worshipping other gods.

Cheating in Business: He condemned the following:

  • Merchants used false measures
  • They overcharged the poor
  • Sold goods of low quality
  • They sold poor people for not paying debts
  • They too charged high interest rates

Bribery and Corruption Ex. 23:8

  • He condemned elders who were unjust and corrupt.
  • They took bribes and grew rich from heavy levies from innocent people in law courts.

Greed and excessive luxury

  • He condemned women of Samaria who drink and lived in luxury when there were poor needy people.

Breaking God’s law on garments secured for pledges

  • God gave Israelites items that were to be given out to the creditors as guarantees for the goods borrowed e.g. Millstones for grinding, were to be taken and returned in the evening because they were used daily.

Robbery and Violence

  • Poor were being oppressed and violated.

Self – Indulgence and false sense of security

  • Leaders thought God could not punish them because they were a chosen race.
  • But Amos told them they would be attacked.

Q3. Give reasons why Prophet Amos condemned idol worship in Israel

It broke the covenant way of life.

It was against the 10 commandments, which directed the Israelites to worship one God.

It was a sign of disobedience to God.

It promoted immorality e.g. temple prostitution.

The worship of God belittled and degraded God.

It promoted falsehood in the society.

Religion became commercialized.

Led to false prophecy

People got concerned with external behavior and not internal.

Q4. List evils in society today that Amos would condemn

Tribalism

Bribery and corruption

Robbery with violence

Dishonesty in business

Grabbing of public land and property

Stealing

Oppression of the poor e.g. underpayment

Immorality e.g. prostitution

PROPHET JEREMIAH

Q1. List evils that Jeremiah condemned

  • Human sacrifice
  • Hypocrisy in worship
  • Dishonesty in business
  • Defilement of the temple – temple prostitution
  • Social injustice
  • Idolatry
  • False prophecy
  • Necromancy
  • Exploitation of the poor

Q2. What are some of the evils that the church leaders condemn today?

  • Hypocrisy/pretence in worship
  • Murder/suicide/abortion/genocide
  • Exploitation of the poor/robbery
  • Dishonesty
  • False prophets
  • Human sacrifices among devil worshippers
  • Sexual immorality e.g. adultery

Q3. Explain the symbolisms used during the call of Prophet Jeremiah

God touched Jeremiah’s mouth. This was to symbolize that God was the source of the message.

Jeremiah was to deliver.

A branch of an almond tree that was base – God was watching to see the fulfillment of the message he gave to Jeremiah.

A pot of boiling facing away from the north and about to tilt toward Judah. God would use a nation from the North to bring judgment on the people of Judah because of their wickedness.

A fortified city. A bronze wall and an iron pillar. God was going to protect him even though he was going to meet opposition.

To uproot and pull down, to destroy and overthrow. God would pass judgment on the nation of Judah and other nations.

To build and to plant. There was still hope of the restoration of people of Judah after exile.

Q4. What did Jeremiah teach about t the New Covenant?

The new covenant was to be written in people’s hearts.

The covenant was to be made between God and the remnant community after exile.

The people were to have a personal knowledge of God in the new covenant.

God was to forgive their sin and remember them no more.

Each individual was responsible for his own sins.

The new covenant was to be initiated by God.

The new covenant was to last forever.

It was as a result in the emergence of a new people of God or new Israel.

Q5. Why did Prophet Jeremiah condemn the way the Israelites worshipped?

They broke God’s commands e.g. the 1st and do not worship other gods – they worshipped idols.

They practiced hypocrisy i.e. they were concerned with external religious observance while their hearts were far from God.

They forgot the saving history of God and worshipped other gods e.g. Asherah.

They practiced syncretism i.e. they worshipped both Yahweh and foreign Gods.

They listened to false prophets and rejected God’s prophets e.g. Jeremiah. They even killed some.

They dishonored the sanctity of human life by offering human sacrifice.

They neglected the disadvantaged (widows & orphans).

They were dishonest in business and deceitful to one another.

They narrowed themselves in necromancy, divination and magic.

They rebelled against God by breaking the covenant relationship.

Q6. Explain Jeremiah’s temple sermon as recorded in Jeremiah 7:1-15

God commanded prophet Jeremiah to speak in the temple.

It was a response to the people of Israel to stop understanding religion through the practice of syncretism and immorality.

At the gate to the temple, Jeremiah proclaimed that the people of Judah had to change their way of life and stick to the covenant they made with God.

They had to stop defiling the temple of placing idols in it.

They had to stop committing social injustices and as murderer/exploitation of the weak, orphans widows and foreigners.

The practice of human sacrifice was murder and displeasing to God.

Hypocrisy was bad.

The Israelites believed that the temple was secured from destruction because of its holiness was not true.

God would destroy Israelites/Jerusalem through invasion of a foreign nation.

If the people stopped their evil ways, God would not bring judgment upon them.

God would destroy the temple of Jerusalem and send the people to exile.

Q7. What forms of punishment did Jeremiah prophesy that God would use on Judah?

The punishment would be in form of a foreign body that God use to conquer Judah.

They would be attacked and their city destroyed.

People would suffer and die due to their sins.

The punishment would in form of drought. This would affect people and animals.

God’s punishment would come through death, diseases and sword.

Their punishment would be a defeat inflicted to them by Babylonian.

The punishment would be the loss of their land to a foreign nation and their enslavement.

God would allow the enemy to destroy Jerusalem and take survivors to captivity.

Q8. Outline the content of Jeremiah’s letter to exiles in Babylon (Jer. 29)

He encouraged the Israelites in Babylon to build houses and live in them.

Plant gardens and eat their produce.

Marry and increase

Pray for their ruler

Not to worship false gods

Not to be cheated by false prophets

To obey their masters.

Worship one God

 

Q9. Explain four symbolic acts related to judgment and punishment as demonstrated by Prophet

Jeremiah

Linen waist cloth – the rotten/useless linen cloth that had been hidden in the caves and lift to rot stood for Israel’s state of being useless before the eyes of God. A sign that they had soiled their priesthood.

Jeremiah was asked not to marry the solitary life symbolized solitude in exile.

Two baskets of fig fruits – the bad fruits signified that the bad people would be punished.

Wooden yoke – he was asked to carry a wooden yoke and work around with it signifying suffering in Babylon – exile.

Breaking an earthly flask – destruction of the temple

 Visit to a potter whereby the potter destroyed a pot due to poor shape and remolded it, God would remold Israel to a shape befitting them.

Not to comfort anybody – these would be sorrow and suffering, no help while in exile.

 

Q10. Identify the relevance of Jeremiah’s teaching to Christian’s life today

Christians are called to preach God’s gospel as Jeremiah did.

Christians should accept suffering like Jeremiah did.

They should learn to distinguish between false and true prophets.

Like Jeremiah, they should condemn evil in society.

They have a duty to call people to repentance as Jeremiah did.

Christians should be good examples to the people by living, holy and upright lives as Jeremiah did.

People should be able to know the nature of God through the lives of Christians.

They should believe they are the new community as prophesied by Jeremiah in the new covenant.

Q11. In what ways is the prophetic mission of Jeremiah similar to that of Jesus?

Both were rejected by their own relatives and communities.

Both experienced opposition from political and religious authorities.

Both prophesied the destruction of the temple.

Both lamented over the stubbornness of the people of Jerusalem.

Both predicted divine judgment and punishment in Israel.

Jeremiah predicted the new covenant that is fulfilled by Jesus.

Prophet Nehemiah

Qn 1 Describe the political background of Nehemiah

He worked during the Babylonian exile which lasted between 589- 538 BC

During his vacation, Israelites were oppressed politically

The Israelites hoped that God would soon liberate them from this bondage

In 538 BC the Babylonians were conquered by Cyrus the great king of Persia

In 538 BC king Cyrus allowed Israelites to return to Judah

King Cyrus gave the Israelites a decree to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem

In 538BC the first exile under Zebu Babel

Joshua the priest departed from Babylon and started to rebuild alters of God

Under the guidance of prophets Haggai and Zachariah the temple was rebuilt and dedicated

The second exile arrived under prophet Ezra; after king Artaxerxes authorized Ezra to re establish Israelites religious and moral expectations of the Mosaic Law.

Nehemiah was a servant the king Artaxerxes palace. The king authorized him to go and rebuild the walls of Jerusalem

Amidst all opposition from Samaritan, Nehemiah accomplished the reconstruction of the walls of Jerusalem in 52 days. He then dedicated the walls to God.

This restored the sense of political pride in Israel. However the Israelites remained subjected to the

Persians and continued to pay tribute. The Persians were later overthrown by Romans who ruled the entire region until the time of the birth of Jesus

Qn 2 Describe the social background to the vacation of Nehemiah

Israelites men married foreign women

Children spoke different languages from their mothers

Hebrew language almost became extinct

Nehemiah condemned mixed marriages and even banned them

Exiles who returned home were humiliated by foreigners who partially occupied their land

The Samaritans threatened Nehemiah’s life as the rebuilt walls of Jerusalem

Rich Jews oppressed the poor e.g. they would confiscate their property for failure to repay debts

Qn 3 Describe the religious background to the vocation of Nehemiah

While in exile the Babylonians allowed the Jews to continue with their religious lives

The exiles became the period of purification

They returned with a new zeal to worship God; they rebuilt the altar under Zerubbabel for offering burnt offerings to God

The returnees built the temple of Jerusalem under Haggai and Zachariah and dedicated to god by Ezra

Nehemiah embarked on rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem amidst opposition in 52 days the wall was complete. Consequently, Jerusalem once more became the centre of worship for Israel. Idolatry was not allowed again in Israel after the exile.

The temple of Jerusalem was dedicated to Yahweh. The Israelites renewed their covenant with God under prophet and priest Ezra. Nehemiah carried out various religious reforms

Qn 4 Describe occasions when Nehemiah prayed

When he heard about the suffering of his fellow Jews back in Judah

When he learned about the state of ruin of Jerusalem and king Atarterxes to request him to allow him go back to Judah

When his enemies e.g. Tobiah and Samballat ridiculed him as he reconstructed the walls of Jerusalem

When he learned of his enemies’ conspiracy to attack Jerusalem

When his enemies conspired to destroy his life/ kill him

When Shemiah attempted to frighten him to hide in the temple as hi life was in danger

When he cleansed and arranged the temple as a house of God

When he warned the people of Judah against violating the Sabbath law

After chasing away the son in law of Samballat from the temple

After cleansing the Israelites of foreign influence

Qn 5 State occasions when Christians pray

When they are faced with diverse persecutions. They ask God to protect them

When they don’t understand certain scriptures. They ask God to give them revelation

When they are faced with certain difficulties of life. They ask God to help them

When the nation is facing political crisis. They pray for peace

When they feel inadequate and sinful. They ask God to perform certain miracles for them e.g. healing

Qn 6 what is the importance of prayer in Christian life?

Prayer helps Christians to praise God, give thanks to him and to repent

It helps Christians to pour out their hearts to God

It helps Christians to rely to God for emotional and mental stability. It helps put our problems to God

It strengthens Christians. It gives them determination and character to remain steadfast in their responsibilities despite the challenges

Through prayer a Christian can request to stand against personal attacks and temptations

Prayer is the source of courage and strength in times of tribulations

It brings one closer to God, we use it to praise God, use it to ask for God’s supply of their needs, used to ask for forgiveness and promotes important virtues e.g. persistence and patience and promotes unity among different communities

Qn 6 Identify the leadership of Nehemiah’s patriotism

He was a tune patriot i.e. after talking to the Jews and getting the news of distribution of Jerusalem, he was forced to go back home.

Reliance to God- He totally relied on God and to his call i.e. in most cases he prayed before carrying out an activity

Devoted/ talented- As a cupbearer to the emperor he was an educated, talented and trustworthy young man

Visionary- He had a vision and he shared it with enthusiasm to inspire Jerusalem leaders to rebuild the wall

Initiative

He took the initiative to persuade the emperor to put things right

Excelled organizer-He carefully organized the rebuilding process. He organized how the wall of

Jerusalem was to be built in steps

Careful planner-He carefully examined and inspected the wall before starting the work

People’s representative- He was a proper representative of his people in Israel. He had a sense of responsibility to his community

Shrewd-He avoided the meetings organized by his opposer and overlooked the abuses placed on him

Impartial- He appointed men of integrity and God fearing to keep guard over Jerusalem

Selfless and kind-He had the skill of solving problems. He hence cancelled all debts that people had

Homogenous- He employed different strategies to counteract his opposer

Qn7. explain the relevance of Nehemiah’s leadership to a Christian today

A Christian should use his/her present position to serve God

Christians should acknowledge God as their source of power and giver of gifts

A leader should appoint people who are trustworthy and honest to help him/ her in ruling the country

God answers our prayers as a result of asking others for help

A Christian leader should keep his /her plans a secret until it matures to make an announcement

Christians should share their visions with others the way Nehemiah did

Leaders should take care of the needy in the society

As a Christian one could be lured to temptations; the way Nehemiah was opposed we should be ready to resist temptations

Christians should be ready to help in solving problems in the society Christians should act as role models by carrying out spiritual activities with the truth and helping in work after starting projects.

Qn 8.Explain the relevance of Nehemiah’s experience to Christians

They should not exploit the needy and disadvantaged

They should defend the rights of the weak and use their work place, family and friends

They should ask God to protect them from the mischief of their enemies

That they should pray to God to give them guidance in their endeavors

That they should persevere in all difficulties as Nehemiah did

They should condemn the injustices in the society

They should know that leadership involves challenges and difficulties

They should be practically involved in problem solving e.g. HIV/AIDs scourge

Qn 9 Explain the problems that Nehemiah encountered in his vocation

Oppression of the poor Jews by the rich Jews e.g. demanded high interests on borrowed money

Great opposition from the enemies they tried to frustrate his/her efforts to build the walls of

Jerusalem

Threat to his own life- His adversaries wanted to kill him

Lack of co-operation and support from the Jews- They refused to work with him on the wall project

Excessive foreign influence in Israel- Intermarriage brought about foreign influence which threatened

to extinct the Jew culture and language

Violation of the Sabbath laws- Israelites went on to do their daily chores on the Sabbath day

Abuse of the temple- Eliaship housed Tobias the heathen and God’s enemies

Misuse of offerings- The levies were denied their share of sacrificial offerings as required by the law

Qn 10-Describe the steps taken by Nehemiah to renew the covenant

Ezra the priest read the book of the covenant and explained the meaning of the Law of Moses. The

Israelites listened carefully and their lives changed. They responded Amen, amen

Celebration of the feast of shelters- After reading the scriptures, they realized that they had not been celebrating the feast of shelters. This was to remember their deliverance from Egypt. They were also to think about God’s protection and guidance

The Israelites confessed of their sins as they learnt that they had not been following God’s commandments. Nehemiah was devoted to confession of national sin and prayers to God’s grace

Recital of God’s dealings with Israel- They recital of God’s mighty acts is done in this. They remembered their history and this renewed God’s grace and power in them

A renewed covenant sealed. The covenant was renewed in writing and the leaders put seals

The binding agreement that people and God was done by the Israelites joining hands

Qn 11 State the promises that Israelites made during the renewal of the covenant

That every seventh year, they would cancel debts according to the Mosaic Laws

That they should observe God’s commandments and live according to his laws

That they would offer the first of their harvests as required by Torah

That they would dedicate their first-born sons to God

That they will not intermarry with foreigners at all

That they will not buy corn or anything else on the Sabbath day

That they will remit their arrival temple expenses to ensure that God’s house was okay

That they will provide sacrifices and offerings at the temple

That they will pay their tithes according to the law

Group study activities

  1. Read and study the book of Luke by
  2. Dividing up the chapters in the book of Luke among the members of the class and let every group present a summary of the chapters allocated to them.
  3. Check out movies about the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ but note that your study according to the syllabus is based on St. Luke’s gospel.

 

FORM FOUR NOTES

 

CONTEMPORARY CHRISTIAN LIVING

Form four work deals with social issues in society. We shall compare the issues in the following communities – The Traditional African Society Christian community and the contemporary one. By the end of it the student should be able to understand the meaning of life and live to its fullest.

 

INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN ETHICS

Instructions

Form four work covers contemporary issues in a Christian’s life. You are advised to read newspapers, listen to radio news, watch television news and current affairs and any other relevant news source. Work in twos. Give yourself topics to study and then give a presentation to your partner or co learner.

Ethics are moral principles, which influence a person’s behavior. Ethics are defined as the systematic study of human actions and behavior. We use ethics to judge, determine and assess the right and wrong of human behavior. Morals refer to human character, which is the inclination to behave in one-way or another. Ethics is the study of morals and they determine and influence personal and societal behavior. Christian ethics is the study of human conduct or behavior from a Christian point of view.

  1. Basis of Christian ethics. Sources of Christian’s ethics: –
  2. The bible, teachings of Jesus Christ
  3. Human reason and experience
  4. Natural law
  5. The Christian community – the church
  6. Situation ethics
  7. Authoritative Christian literature – based on the bible
  8. Gods revelation – through prophets
  9. Human reason. These are internal thoughts that guide us when we are making decisions and taking actions. We use our minds and thoughts when confronted by situations. They also rely on internal thoughts in their life experiences.

Internal guiding thoughts have many parts. One is our Conscience. This is our inner self that tells us and lets us know what is right and wrong. There are four types of consciences; doubtful conscience, sensitive conscience, certain conscience and perplexed conscience.

For a Christian, rights and wrongs are in the Bible. God gave the Law of Moses to Israelites. Jesus came and explained the Old Testament and taught new scriptures in the New Testament. These teachings, which we have covered from Form one to three, explain very clearly what is right and wrong. When doubtful of the morality of an action, Christian consults the Bible to know if a decision is right or wrong.

  1. Human Experiences: – these are internal and external guides

When confronted by situations, Christians use their minds i.e. human reason and their life experiences in making decisions.

They rely on internal guides, (Human reason) and experience (external guides)

Internal guides

(i) Conscience: – Mind, aspect of knowing right or wrong. When right, there’s’ approval when wrong it registers guilt. When doubtful of the morality of an action we should not do it if conscience is perplexed then make us decision. A decision should be based on a certain conscience.

Types of conscience

– Doubtful conscience

– Sensitive conscience

– Certain conscience

– Perplexed conscience

  1. One can also make decisions based on knowledge and free will

To make a decision one should have

– Facts about the act, its aims, circumstances.

– One should be free to perform

A decision ought to be thoughtful

 

  1. Intuition: inner feeling, insight

It’s an internal moral sense to do good or avoid evil. Intuition is important in situations that require quick and immediate that requires quick and immediate action.

  1. Feelings

Feelings are subjective e.g. it feels good to do so this, hence will do…” it can be dangerous to make decisions purely based on feelings especially in marriage friendship etc.

Eternal guides

Experience

Guides here include authoritative persons such as parents, teachers, police, civil leaders’ philosophers, and religious leaders.

Rules from secular, religions, and African traditional culture are part of external guides.

The bible

The bible, quoted in the text but now out of text guides Christian behavior. God communicates to his people through the Bible. The Bible offers answers to questions in relation to the life of a Christian.

Today, there are ethical issues not found in the bible e.g. HIV / AIDS, sexual and reproductive health rights, contraceptives, abortion, globalization, cloning, environmental degradation, genetically modified foods, terrorism, international trade etc. this gives reason and other sources / factors are basis of Christian ethics in addition to the bible.

Moral principles in the bible

– They are mostly found in the teachings of Jesus and the Ten Commandments, sermon on the mountain

– Christians are also encouraged to have

Faith

– The virtues encouraged include generosity, love, kindness, faithfulness, patience, humility, peace, mercy, loyalty etc.

Christian community – church

Church leadership can make decisions, which touch on their followers. They guide people on ethical issues e.g. politics, land, justice, abortion, contraception etc.

Church organizations give rules on those conducts of their members.

Natural law

– The awareness that one has to choose good and avoid evil

– If one studies human nature and reflects upon it he/she will discover natural laws of human behavior

– Natural law, natural rights such as right to education, life own property many etc. are incorporated into the constitution of any nation.

– The constitution then guides the behavior of list citizens; Christians being citizens of a country are guided in their behavior by the constitution.

Situation ethics

One should reason out the rightness or wrongness of an act. The rightness or wrongness of an act depends on its uniqueness, the circumstances

– Christians are warned against making decisions based on circumstances or the situation e.g. a pregnant student seeking abortion as the option so as to continue with education. God’s revelation

God reveals himself to people through prophets, natural events, the law, dreams and visions. Through such ways God guides Christian on how they should approach certain issues. God’s revelation does not contradict with the bible.

Revision questions

  1. What is the meaning of Christian ethics?
  2. What is the basis or source or foundation of Christian ethics?
  3. List the basic life skills that one needs to be able to lead a better life

 

 

 

 

 

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO HUMAN SEXUALITY, MARRIA-GE AND FAMILY

INTRODUCTION

Christian approaches refer to how Christians view and handle issues of human sexuality, marriage and the family in accordance with Christians ethics. Through marriage, the family is formed.

HUMAN SEXUALITY

  1. Human sexuality.

This is a sacred gift from God. It was given to Adam and Eve. Human sexuality is that which makes us male or female. It is our biological or physiological differences associated with the state of being male or female. It is part of our biological make up. Males and female have different body structures, features, appearances and biological characteristics. In terms of physical strength more men are stronger than females. Besides the biological make up, we have an emotional side, which includes our attitudes, and feelings. Females are said to be more emotional and talkative than males. Human sexuality is also in our brain and mind and it is what makes us human beings. If you look at animals they also have different physiological features based on sexual differen-ces.

  1. Christian teaching on human sexuality.

Males and females are God’s creation. Men and women were created for many reasons. These are (1) to be fruitful and to multiply; and (2) for companionship. In Genesis we learn that men and women share the image of God because God intended man and woman to play complementary roles and both are equal before God.

Sex in marriage is a sign of love and it is sacred. In marriage man / and woman become one flesh. Both of them have the ability to control their sexual desires. Christian teaching forbids: sex before marriage, adultery or unfaithfulness, and other unnatural sexual behaviors like lesbianism, homosexuality or being gay, and incest. God created human body and it is to be kept holy. Chastity is encouraged while unfaithfulness in marriage is discouraged. Husbands / wives are to respect one another and give to each other in mutual love.

  1. Traditional African understanding of human sexuality.

Human sexuality is highly valued in traditional African communities. It is understood in terms of marriage and parenthood. Procreation was the sole purpose of sex. Sex was to be practiced in marriage and it was regarded as another sacred duty.

Adultery was discouraged and offenders punished.

Irresponsible sexual relationships were forbidden. Virginity before marriage was highly valued. If a girl lost her virginity before marriage, she was treated with scorn and punishment. If a boy impregnating a girl, he was fined.

In traditional African society it was a taboo to discuss openly sex matters. Grandparents taught sex education to their grandchildren. Sex education was taught during initiation stages. Free mixing of girls and boys was not allowed except under supervision. Girls were married off immediately after initiation to avoid temptation of engaging in pre-marital sex. To reinforce self – discipline in relationships between the opposite sexes the African traditional society instilled the fear of supernatural curses through myths, marital status. Husbands and wives were expected to relate to each other, their parents, and in laws according to the community customs. Conflicts between a husband and a wife were resolved through intervention of relatives.

  1. Gender roles.

There are specific chores and duties for either male or female in African traditional societies. Roles were therefore according to gender. Boys went hunting, herding, while girls fetched firewood, and helped in cooking. At an early age, girls and boys would mix freely as they played together. Mature boys and girls however, were restricted from mixing freely witho-ut supervision by elders. But there was gender identification. The boys identified with their fathers and other male adults, while girls identified themselves with their mother and other female adults. Education. Children belonged to the community and not just to their biological parents. At the adolescent stage; 13 – 18 years education was given to the adolescents and intensified at initiation stage. Boys and girls were taught traditional rules and secrets of the society during initiation. Learning was informal. Knowledge was communicated through songs, stories and riddles among other forms of presentations. All adults acted as parents to the young ones.

Socialization:

Men were socialized to be superior, while women were socialized to accept their subordinate position and role. Everyone knew and accepted what he/she was culturally supposed to do.

Division of labor was based on sex. In the African communities, despite their differences, there were many common customary roles, rules, regulations, taboos and beliefs that governed the practices related to male – female relationships from early childhood to old age. These traditional African practices relating to male – female relationships existed at various levels. In all of them, man held superior positions when compared to those of women.

Age:

Old women and men were accorded respect. They were consulted for advice and counsel. Kinship system was emphasized.

  1. Christian teaching on male- female relationships.

We learn that the husband is the head of the house and should love his wife like Christ loved the church. Once a wife is loved, she should submit to her husband. We also learn that both male and female are equal and co – creators with God. Adam and Eve were created to complement each other. Likewise men and women should love each other. Jesus taught that each man should have one wife and vice versa. Once married, the husbands’ body belongs to the wife and hers belong to him. If that is the case, wife and husband should avoid immorality.

Males and females are to relate freely. But the youth are to avoid the passions of youth. These are sexual sins. There are no specific chores or duties for either male or female. Relationship between sexes should be governed by love, chastity, respect, self-control, and self-discipline. Parents are to love their children, while children are to obey and honor their parents. Parents are asked to bring up their children in a Godly way.

CHRISTIAN TEACHING ABOUT HUMAN SEXUALITY

  1. Christian teaching on responsible human sexuality.

Christianity teaches us about responsible sexual behavior. Being respon-sible means that one is exercising self control or self-discipline in matters of sexual behavior. Self-discipline is necessary when we have a relationship with the opposite sex (Read, 1 Cor.7: 9 1 Peter 5:8). It is called responsible sexual behavior, which is obedience to God’s commands.

Christians promote healthy social relationship between boys and girls, men and women, and husbands and wives. Responsible sex is between male and female. Sexual intercourse is allowed only between married couples (1 Cor.7: 3 – 5). Married couples are obliged to be sexually faithful to one another

(Heb.13: 4) adultery is condemned (exodus 25:14). Relationship between a husband / wife should be one of respect faithfulness, love, care, mercy, submission, tolerance, and forgiveness

  1. Christian teaching on irresponsible sexual behavior.

There is much irresponsible sexual behaviour.

They include among others all acts and forms of: perversion, misuse, and abuse of sex, incest, rape, fornication, adultery, homosexuality, lesbianism or gay, prostitution, concubine, masturbation, bestiality and child marriages among others. These irresponsible sexual behaviors are against God’s will for humanity. Christians are to shun irresponsible sexual behavior. This is because their bodies are the temples of the Holy Spirit. Thus whatever Christians do with their bodies, it should be for the glory of God.

Let us now discuss in brief some of the irresponsible sexual behavior; beginning with

(I) Incest

-Which is a sexual relationship between people who are closely related by blood. For example, sex between a brother/sister, father / daughter. Incest is condemned in the Bible. It was punishable by death in the Old Testament. Read Leviticus 18:6 – 8.

  1. ii) Rape

. Rape cannot be justified and it is condemned in The Bible. Rape is an act of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse without his or her consent. It is sexual violence and a crime against humanity. It is also a denial, and a violation of human rights of the victims who are sexually assaulted.

Victims of rape include boys, men, girls, women, and babies especially girls.

Rape is an expression of hatred toward the opposite sex. In traditional African society rape was abhorred and culprits were punished by death. In Kenya rape is punishable by 20 years imprisonment.

Indecent assaults or sexual abuses such as touching a person of the opposite sex without their permission or use of vulgar language are both punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment.

iii. Fornication.

This is consensual sexual intercourse between unmarried people. It is condemned by both African and Christian teachings and punishment in African traditional society was by either payment of fines, stoning, and ritual cleansing. In the Old Testament, men were forced to marry the girl.

Jesus said that fornication was due to people’s evil thoughts. Abstinence for the youth is encouraged and preached.

Why do the youth engage in pre – marital sex? There are several reasons. Some of them are: sexual curiosity, proving manhood, human weakness, lack of self control, testing fertility, fear of being jilted / rejected; commercial sex for money; copying acts in the print and electronic media. Others reasons are frustrations, drug abuse, bribe to get a job, and permissiveness in the society.

  1. Adultery

– Is committed by adults who have extra marital affairs; between “married partner and another party”. Adultery is having sex outside marriage with a person with whom one is not married to.

Adultery is caused by lack of self – control, sexual dissatisfaction, and long periods of wife and husband separation, sexual dysfunction and vengeance by an initially faithful spouse who wants to be even with the unfaithful spouse.

  1. Prostitution.

This is the practice of giving sexual pleasure for money or other material benefits. A prostitute can either be male or female. Prostitutes are referred to as commercial – sex workers.

Why is there prostitution? There are factors leading to prostitution. These are economic reasons such as unemployment, poverty, rejection of a girl at home, drug abuse, stress, anger, anxiety, frustrations in the family and pornography. The church condemns prostitution because it defiles the body, which is a temple of the Holy Spirit. It’s sexual immorality. Read Gal 5: 19 – 21.

  1. Homosexuality/ Gay/ Lesbianism.

This is sex between people of the same sex for example; man and man (homosexuality), woman and woman (lesbianism). Homosexuality is a common practice in modern world. It is also a church problem. The Anglican Church in USA, and Canada have accepted homosexuality. The Anglican Church has gay bishops. African Anglican churches are opposing this practice.

What makes people prefer sex with the same sex? The Christian view is that homosexuality is a sign of a lack of Christian moral values. It may also be due to confinement in a prison and permissiveness in society. If it is allowed to continue, it shall disintegrate traditional African values. Because of its threat to God’s people, the Church condemns homosexuality. Other reasons for condemning it is because (1) God created a male and a female. Read, Genesis 1:28. Two, sex is sacred. Homosexuality is an unnatural relationship, which lowers human dignity. It does not provide sexual fulfillment (as traditionally).

Homosexuality is illegal in Kenya.

 

 

Vii. sexually transmitted Diseases (STDs)

There are many diseases passed from one person to the other through sex. These are gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes genitalis is, hepatitis B, Chlamydia, trichonomiasis, HIV/AIDS. Let’s discuss them one by one. HIV / AIDS, This is human immune deficiency virus (HIV) that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) condition. Syndrome refers to many symptoms. HIV is transmitted largely through sex with an infected partner; through blood transfusion; sharing sharp objects with infected persons; and from an infected mother to the unborn child. The HIV virus destroys the white blood cells, and weakens the body‘s immune system. When the body is weak, it is not able to fight, and defend itself against infections. Persons with the virus are vulnerable and susceptible to opportunistic infections.

The signs / symptoms of AIDS are manifestations of symptoms of the opportunistic infections. Some symptoms include persistent coughs, loss of weight, oral thrush, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.

Churches encourage Christians to be compassionate to HIV/AIDS affected people, and to support the infected and the affected individuals like the orphans, widows, and widowers. It also teaches against sexual immorality and against all forms of discrimination.

Gonorrhea -is caused by a bacterium called “Neisseria gonorrhea”. Its symptoms appear a4 days after infection. Its symptoms are burning sensation when passing urine; pain or discomfort in the genitals; sticky discharge or pus in the vagina or through the urethra. The good news is that Gonorrhea is curable if treated early.

Syphilis.

Primary syphilis may show up in the form of a sore or a wound in the genitals a few days after infection. The wound heals by itself without treatment after some time. Syphilis infection may take several years about 7 years before its symptoms re appear. The symptoms of syphilis are a painless sore or pimple on the man’s penis or woman’s vulva; and swelling of the glands in the groin. Other symptoms, which may appear later, are skin rashes and sores either in the face armpits, under breasts, mouth or throat.

Herpes genital -is a sexual disease caused by a virus. It creates wounds in the genitals. A pregnant woman can transmit the infection to her newborn baby during delivery. This disease can be controlled although there is not an effective treatment.

Hepatitis B virus causes Hepatitis B. It is transmitted through sex, injections by unsterilized needles and contact with contaminated blood. The infection does not show on the genitals. The signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B include yellowness of the eyes (jaundice) due to liver damage and pain around the upper abdomen.

  1. The effects of irresponsible sexual behavior.

There are many effects of irresponsible sexual behavior. They include among others HIV / AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STI), abortion; family separations and divorces, deaths, unplanned pregnancies; children living in the streets; school drop outs and psychological problems.

  1. Effects of incest.

These are many. One, incest undermines the healthy relationships between members of a family as it brings shame and guilt among the parties involved. Two, incest destroys relationships within the family and can lead to breaking up of a marriage. Three, incest destroys self-esteem, self – respect, and dignity of the victim. We find that abused boys and girls end up having problems when trying to establish healthy relationship with members of the opposite sex. Four, incest can lead to pregnancy, and abortion. And as you have read in the newspapers, it can lead to infections with sexually transmitted diseases (S.T.I.’s) and HIV / AIDS. As I write, a father was jailed for life for raping his daughter and infecting her with HIV/AIDS virus.

  1. ii. Effects of Rape.

This crime has very serious consequences and harmful effects on the victim. Rape may result in pregnancy and can lead to physical, psychological, social, and spiritual side effects. The victim may suffer (1) serious physical injuries and (2) may contract the STI’s, and HIV / AIDs. The victim is traumatized, and ashamed of self. The victim suffers from guilt, loneliness, humiliation, posttraumatic stress disorders, and depression among others psychological manifestations. Young rape victims in particular may lose trust in the opposite sex. All these sufferings can lead to suicide and death.

iii. Effects of Fornication.

Some of these are having children out of wedlock; feelings of distrust, guilt, and hurt; contracting STI’s and HIV/AIDS; loss of self-respect; early and forced marriage and abortion.

  1. Effects of Adultery. Christians teach against adultery because it is against God’s commandments and can lead to divorce, abortion, STI, HIV/AIDS, domestic violence, murder (death) and psychological problems.
  2. Effects of Prostitution.

. It can lead to break up of marriage, and family. It lowers a person’s dignity and can lead to unplanned pregnancies, school dropouts; infections such as STI’s and HIV /AIDS and improper use of family resources.

  1. Effects of homosexuality.

It is a threat to procreation. It promotes loose short-term informal relationships and therefore promotes HIV / AIDS. Homosexual couples are prone to HIV/AIDS infections because of having many partners; although this is changing in USA where homosexual couples are being married in churches.

vii. Effects of Sexually transmitted diseases

HIV / AIDS effects are numerous. They include recurrent illness due to opportunistic infections. There is also stigmatization. Some individuals have feelings of guilt, anger, denial and depression. The sick persons have to look for extra finances to care for their health. They have the burden for medications, and special diet. HIV/AIDs has no cure and leads to death like many other diseases. Parents die and leave their children as orphans.

Gonorrhea effects are many. The disease damages a woman’s fallopian tubes leading to infertility; and a man’s epidydymis leading to sterility. An infected expectant mother can infect her newborn baby with gonorrhea. The disease may affect the eyes of the unborn child causing blindness. Gonorrhea can also cause inflammation of joints, the heart and liver.

Effects of Syphilis are damage to the heart, brain and the nervous system. This disease can lead to madness and death of the victim. If a child is infected while in the womb, or during birth, the brain maybe damaged. The child may have either physical deformities or the infected mother may give stillbirths.

Effects Herpes genitals. Infection can cause severe brain damage; cancer of the neck of the womb. If a woman is pregnant, the disease can cause death of the baby. The wounds and sores expose the sick person to HIV /AIDS infections.

Effects of Hepatitis B. This disease damages the liver and may lead to death of the infected person. It has a vaccine, but not treatment.

viii. Other consequences of irresponsible sexual behaviors these are death, unplanned pregnancies, children living in the streets, school dropouts and psychological problems related to irresponsible sexual behavior. These include among others: stress, depression, self – pity, withdrawal, aggressiveness, and violence.

Stress is the response of the body and mind to any situation that exerts pressure or makes demands on a person. The intensity or pressure experienced determines the level of stress. Some of the signs of stress are: anxiety, worry, and drop in performance, chest pains, mood swings, rebellion, ulcers, heart palpitations, and fatigue and guilt feelings.

Solutions

To avoid stress, it is suggested that individuals should accept that one is stressed; identify sources of stress, rest, exercise, listening to therapeutic music and talk to a counselor.

 

 

Depression

This is an acute mental disorder. It is also a state of hopelessness and low spirits. Depression can be mild or severe. It has physical, emotional and behavioral signs and symptoms. Let me caution you that it is only a medical doctor who can know if one has a depression or not. We are told by doctors that signs of a depression are: persistent headaches and chest pains; loss of appetite; too much appetite; loss of memory; insomnia i.e. lack of sleep; weight loss or gain; nervousness and mood swings; low self-confidence; suicidal tendencies and self-pity. Other signs and symptoms are loss of libido (sexual desire); poor performance in school and in work places; hopelessness; loss of interest in ones activities; hypertension and high blood pressure

  1. Irresponsible social and human behavior.

There are social and human behaviors that are contrary to Christian life. These unacceptable behaviors are abortion, and divorce.

Abortion is termination of pregnancy before the foetus is capable of independent life. There are two types of abortions. One is spontaneous abortion or miscarriage. The other is induced abortion, which is deliberate and illegal in Kenya. Induced abortion has been debated in Kenya. The main question is should abortion be legalized or not. This is because abortion is legal in some European countries.

Why do mothers seeking abortion? There are many reasons, which are known only to mothers. These are one, pregnancy due to rape and incest. Two, if the mother believes that the unborn child will be a burden. This may be because the baby is conceived outside wedlock and the mother lacks economic resources to take care of the baby. Another reason maybe that the mother is in school and she cannot look after the baby and conti-nue with her education. Three, medical personnel may abort a deformed foetus or in order to save the life of the mother if it is in danger.

Christian’s view of abortion as murder (Exodus20: 13). This is because abortion interferes with the mother’s body, and destroys the baby. Christian view is that the body is the temple of the Holy Spirit.

God is the giver of life and He alone has the right to take it away. Abortion carries with it stigma and the effects mentioned above make Christians condemn abortion.

  1. Effects of irresponsible social and human behavior.

Effects of abortion are infertility, ectopic pregnancy, destruction of a woman’s body parts; fetal malformation; risk of the mother bleeding to death and destruction of uterus. Other effects are that the mother may experience in future still births, miscarriages, risk of barrenness; failed abortions leading to deformed babies and psychological problems that we have discussed. These are stress and depression.

Revision questions

  1. Explain the T.A. understanding of human sexuality
  2. Explain Christian attitudes towards human sexuality
  3. In what ways is sex abused in Kenya?
  4. Why do you think minors are defiled or sexually abused in Kenya?
  5. Explain the Christian teaching on male/female relationships
  6. What is the Christian teaching on responsible sexual behavior?
  7. List the different types of irresponsible sexual behavior
  8. Explain the Christian teaching on irresponsible sexual behavior
  9. State the effects of irresponsible sexual behavior

 

MARRIAGE

  1. Definition of marriage.

Marriage is a binding legal union between a man and a woman who agree to have a lasting relationship as husband / wife. Marriage partners choose each other. In some cases, senior member of the family and church influence the choice of a marriage partner. When marrying partners agree to marry, they are joined in church and they become husband and wife. Marriage is thus a covenant in which the partners give themselves to one another.

Marriage involves other members of the community hence it is a social and community affair. Marriage is a permanent union. Marriage is a community requirement in which everyone in the community participates. Each person is expected to undergo marriage because it is a rite of passage. Marriage gives a person, a high social status and prestige in the community.

Marriage is also a covenant between a man and a woman that should not be broken. Two people are joined in marriage in order to procreate and perpetuate the community. Once married, a couple is allowed to have sexual relationship, and companionship. Marriage is an expression of and fulfillment of mutual love and comfort. It enhance unity; social prestige, and respect in society. Purpose of marriage is sexual fulfillment; cultural and social requirement; obligation to build a family; and procreation although children are a gift from God.

Forms of marriages

There are many forms of marriages. There is a marriage ceremony organized as a symbol or mark of the union between a man and a woman. These marriages ceremonies are either civil, or religious. The main religious ceremonies are Christian, Islamic, Hindu, and Sikh among others. We also have African customary ceremonies many of which are polygamous. Christianity does not allow polygamous marriage.

Secular approaches to marriage.

In the modern world, some people choose not to marry for personal reasons. Some people have children without getting married while others opt to have a marriage without children. Husband and wife are equal. Monogamy is practiced for economic reasons. In some families’ women are the heads of the family. Choosing a partner is an individual act and not communal. In marriage traditional qualities of a good wife such as industrious, honesty, and hospitality are not considered. The modern society values external beauty, financial status and social status. As a result, there is a high rate of marriage, separation, and divorce. At times young people fail to be married in church. There is no formalization of marriages. These marriages are called “Come-we-stay” arrangements.

Gender issues in marriage. The wife is subordinate to the husband but had rights. Marriage did not end with death of the husband. The wife was inherited by one of her husband’s brother. This is widow inheritance / Levirate marriage. She could also refuse to be inherited but remained married to that man even in death. The wife could not marry outside the family because of dowry. There was dowry payment to parents. If a wife died, the man would marry the sister of his dead wife. This is surrogate marriage.

Those who did not marry were considered “lesser humans”. Young people were prepared for marriage during initiation, which was witnessed in a public ceremony. During marriage, couple makes vows to each other. The ancestors are invoked to bless the marriage.

Factors that lead to a stable, healthy and successful marriage

People are different and they understand their roles differently. Here am giving you a few suggestions.

Discuss with your study companions and come up with other suggestions. One important factor is mutual responsibility by the couple. This occurs if there is mutual consultation with each other in decision-making. Two is forgiveness of each other. Three is good treatment of each other especially with equal respect. Four is sharing scriptures together. Five is giving love and respecting each other. Six is having a faithful sexual relationship and lastly being open and honest.

Seven is African traditional qualities of a good wife who is described as: hardworking, fertile, morally upright, generous, kind, obedient, humble, clean, beautiful, polite, warm hearted and hospitable. Eight are the qualities of a good husband, which are described as: being able to provide good leadership in the family. Other qualities are being aggressive, wise, brave, courageous, responsible and good property manager.

  1. Christian Teaching about Marriage.

Christians teach that marriage is sacred and that it is a divine institution, which is ordained God. God started it when he created Adam and Eve. Marriage should therefore be monogamous and permanent as God protects marriages. The woman should submit to the husband who is told to love the wife as Christ loved the church. Church teaches respect of each other.

Marriage is complete even without children as it is between a male and a female. Marriage is not obligatory and it ends when one partner dies.

Christian’s preparation and approach to marriage

Christians organize youth seminars, and rallies to teach the youth how to choose marriage partners and how to treat wife / husbands; care for the children; behave towards in laws; acquire wealth (men); and head a family. Youth are taught to avoid sexual intimacy before marriage. Those intending to marry are encouraged to go for pre marital counseling. During counseling, they are informed that love is the most important bond of unity in marriage. Church encourages partners to go for HIV /AIDs test before. Marriage ceremony is conducted in church

Choice of a marriage partner

There are many ways of identifying a marriage partner. One is arrangement by parents. If not one can make an individual decision and choose a wife or husband. Two is through an intermediary or third party. In African traditional polygamous marriages, the first wife identified a wife for her husband.

Girls would be given out to a chief as a gift

  1. Courtship in African Traditional society (A.T.S). Courtship varied from community to community.

Courtship is the period between engagement and wedding ceremony. During courtship premarital sex is forbidden. Girls and boys dressed with bracelets and rings. Courtship was important in A.T.S. This was because the man and woman who were girls and boys got to know each other better before marriage. It was a period when girls/boys were instructed in family life education. It was also a period for linking the two marrying families. The couple had time to learn about one another’s character, and know their families. It is a symbol (sign) of the girl’s presence in her home (maternal home). She continues to live with her own people.

The families and clan had an opportunity to check if the marrying couple was related and if their clans were acceptable to the parents. Courtship gives time to the two families to negotiate and pay the bride wealth or dowry.

Bridal Wealth, dowry, bride price are all expressions of partnership. The family of the man pays dowry to the family of the woman. Some churches disregard bride wealth, while others encourage it. Dowry is paid in different forms. The girl’s family decides what it wants. Will it be livestock (poultry, pigs, camels, cows, goats, and sheep), beer, grain, jewellery and clothes among others?

Importance of dowry

It acts as a compensation for the girl’s labor and seals the marriage covenant. It is a public expression of appreciation for the coming of a new wife/mother into the man’s family. It promotes friendship and cements relationship between families. It shows commitment and seriousness of the future husband. After dowry payment, the woman belongs to her husband.

A ceremony is carried out depending on the community. Bride price payment is accompanied by marriage ceremonies. Lastly dowry helps in maintaining peace

Traditional African approaches to marriage preparation. Polygamy is one husband, married to many wives. Polygamy is allowed by the African traditional religion because it occurs if the first wife is barren; ensures that all women have husbands; prevents infertility; provides extra labor in farms. A polygamous man has a higher status because many wives symbolize wealth.

Children are important in a marriage because they promote social status of their parents. They cement a bond of unity between husband / wife. They are a source of labor, and wealth. They are heirs to the family wealth

They provide security to the family.

Divorce is legal dissolution of marriage. Christians allow divorce because of specific grounds. Divorce was rare in African traditional societies. Divorce is granted under circumstances of: adultery, witchcraft, laziness, cruelty and disrespect of wife.

In the contemporary society, divorce is sought after or allowed because of: unfaithfulness in marriage or adultery; domestic violence; misuse of family resources; childlessness; in-law interference and alcohol abuse.

Legal reasons for divorce

According to the laws of Kenya, divorce is allowed under the following reasons; adultery; if a man deserts his wife for more than 3 years; if a partner becomes insane; and domestic violence for example, physical, and psychological torture.

Christian teaching about divorce

Christians discourage divorce because marriage is a permanent status.

There is no room for divorce. Church discourages divorce because of its adverse effects. Some denominations allow divorce if there is adultery. God hates divorce. Married couples should remain faithful to each other

Effects of divorce are strained relationships, children suffering psychologically, and experiences of rejection. A divorcee faces social stigma, rejection, and isolation. If parents separate, they create single parent families. These families suffer from economic hardships and feelings of failure and inadequacy.

  1. Celibacy as an alternative to marriage.

Celibacy is a Latin word “Coelebes” meaning bachelor. Why do some people fail to marry? There are many reasons. Some of these are to pursue education leading to delayed marriage; and career demands (workaholic). Other people are discouraged by examples of failed marriages. Other reasons maybe economic independence, poor health, HIV /AIDS, mental illness, parental interference and disappointment from past failed relationships. This happens if parents do not approve a partner.

Revision questions

  1. Explain the traditional African understanding of marriage

2, what is the importance of children in traditional African society?

  1. What is the Christian teaching about marriage?
  2. What is the importance of courtship period in T.As?
  3. Why are many people opting for celibacy?

 

 

 

 

THE FAMILY

Introduction

As society grows and changes, the family grows and changes. As a result, there are several types and practices of the family. In this lesson, we shall discuss the traditional family as it is practiced in the Bible, the traditional African societies and some Christian families.

The family

What is a family? Family is the basic social unit of human society. This basic unit is extended to include relatives bound together by blood, marriage, friendship, and adoption. They are all members of the family. In Kenya, there are many types of families.

  1. Types of families
  2. Nuclear family is parents and their children. .It is father, mother, and children. There is an increase of monogamous families or nuclear because of urbanization as rural youth come to towns in search of white-collar jobs. Migration to cities by people of different tribes has led to pluralism. Education, high cost of living has led to the death of the African culture, which required men and women to marry many partners to produce many children to defend their tribe.

Advantages of nuclear families are many. One, the man is able to give undivided attention to one wife and children. Two, there is sharing of mutual love, and peace in the home. Three it is economical to manage one family. Four there is little competition for attention, less strife, quarrels and stress. Five, it is easier to monitor the behavior of a few children.

  1. Polygamous family – Father, mothers, children. These types of family have disadvantages in modern Kenya. Modern society is a cash economy. Thus if a man has many wives and children, they may lack basic necessities like food, shelter, education and clothes.

iii. Single parent family – one parent, and children. Single – parent families are created by several circumstances. One is by parents separating. Separation of parents is due to several reasons. These are for example, one partner going to another country and failing to return to his or her country and family.

Two, a single family is created by divorce. Divorced parents may decide not to marry again. Three is when one parent refuses to marry. This happens when a girl gets pregnant and the boy does not marry her. Four is because of death of a spouse. The remaining parent may decide not to remarry. Five is when some mothers decide to have children without marriage. This may not be correct as there is no research to suggest it. Six is imprisonment of one partner for a long time. One parent is left looking after children because one is in jail.

  1. Extended family – father, mother, children, uncles, aunts, and cousins. This is the common family type in traditional African communities.
  2. v. Children led family. This happens when parents die and the 1st born takes care of brothers and sisters including cousins.
  3. Grandparent headed family. The HIV/AIDs epidemic has introduced this type of family where grandparents take care of their grandchildren due to the death of both parents especially the mother due to HIV / AIDS disease. This scourge has made many children orphans. In other cases parents go for further studies abroad and leave their children with their parents.
  4. Traditional African family values and practices.

In African societies creation of a family is through marriage, and subsequent procreation. Family is viewed as a sacred institution in African society. The African traditional family includes the dead (ancestors), the unborn children and the living.

An African traditional family has obligations and duties. These were (1) offering sacrifices to ancestors,

(2) Pouring libations; and

(3) Giving the dead decent burials

(4) Providing basic needs to their children

(5) Bringing up children to be morally upright individuals. Further to this, the African traditional family is responsible for the upbringing, caring, and protection of its children. This is demonstrated by the nuclear family, which provides necessities required to meet and satisfy the economic needs of its members.

The African traditional family is expected to participate in communal activities. Work in the family was divided according to age, gender and social status. Each family member worked for its basic needs as well as the welfare of the community.

The African family had well-stated and practiced values There were (1) respect for family members

(2) Providing responsible parenthood, which is the process of bringing up children to become all round or self reliant persons

(3) Educating children in all aspects of life. Parents and the extended family members helped their children to develop intellectually and cognitively.

The family taught children physical skills. It also gave children confidence to appreciate their physical strength. Children were taken through a rigorous physical curriculum of games such as wrestling, swimming and running to develop their physical strength. Children’s bodies were nourished thoroughly.

They were served good and nutritious food, which improved their muscle strength.

Children were taught social skills. They learnt how to behave towards adults, peers and grandparents.

They developed social skills since parents allowed them to socialize and interact with other children, grandparents and the community. This made them grow socially, emotionally and psychologically.

They had a curriculum for teaching and training in traditional African religious values, family matters, moral and social values. This teaching of children started from an early age. The teaching method used was observation and practice. Parents taught by being good role models. They were expected to model desired values and family practices. Children were taught how to relate with one another as brothers and sisters. Parents were to show tolerance to children. These values show that African parents understood their parental roles and responsibilities.

These values were sometimes; exploited by the irresponsible family members or specific individuals.

This exploitation encouraged dependency, leading to conflicts, competition, hatred, and jealousy.

Christian parents are expected to train their children to know God; be self -disciplined, and follow the Christian way of living. Another duty is to provide basic needs to their children.

Christian understanding of the family

Among Christians, family is sacred and instituted by God. Read again about the Christian teachings about marriage.

Role of children in the Christian family A Christian child is expected to obey parents, honor them, and respect parents. This is one of the Ten Commandments given to Moses by God.

Parenting styles

  1. a) Dictatorship /authoritative / autocratic – the parents is the final authority, imposes decisions
  2. b) Permissive or liberal style – also referred to as “Laissez faire” the children do as they want
  3. c) Democratic style – parents discuss with their children on family issues. This is the best style.

Problems related to family life today

Families are faced with numerous problems such as

  1. a) Children abuse – sex assault, beating
  2. b) Domestic violence – abusive language, frequent fights, emotional abuse
  3. c) Diseases e.g. HIV / AIDS epilepsy, autism.
  4. d) Children with special needs, blindness, deafness or those with mental challenges, motor co – ordination (Autism)
  5. e) Separation, divorce
  6. f) Childlessness
  7. g) Single parent families – economic hardships
  8. h) Misuse of family resources, economic crisis
  9. i) Affluence – a lot of wealth
  10. j) Unemployment, underemployment
  11. k) Retrenchment – lying off of some employees in order to reduce the workforce
  12. l) Mismanagement of family finances
  13. m) Alcohol and drug abuse
  14. n) The generation gap
  15. o) Poor relations with in-laws
  16. p) Cultural and religious differences
  • Traditional African approaches to problems related to family life today

1) Individuals were prepared for challenges of family life right from childhood

2) Adolescents, initiates were given family life education

3) People entered marriage knowing that it’s a lifelong union

4) Rules were clear to govern marriage relations

5) Polygamy helped reduce unfaithfulness

6) There were no single parent families. Members lived together reducing loneliness

7) Widows / widowers were encouraged to marry again

Traditional brew was taken in moderation

Christian’s approaches to problems related to family life today

1) Christian families are obliged to live according to Christian principles and values such as mutual respect, self discipline, understanding, honesty, faithfulness, love and forgiveness

2) Premarital counseling is carried out

3) Church holds regular seminars and conferences on family life matters. Love and respect for each other. Christian wife to submit to husband who is head of the family. They are taught to take each other as complementary and equal partners.

4) Women are encouraged to form participate in church organizations e.g. mothers union, women’s guild where they learn roles of being a wife, mother, and a woman.

5) Some churches offer advice to families on management of their families. They are encouraged to have investments.

6) Breadwinner is encouraged to write a written will

7) To improve the parent – child relationship churches offer guidance and counseling to the youth

Christian parents are advised to set positive role models to their children

9) Parents are encouraged to be open and promote effective communication with their children

10) Churches in case of serious family conflicts such as child abuse, domestic violence, advise legal action.

11) Churches organize youth seminars where they talk about drug abuse, premarital sex, negative peer pressure and media influence etc.

12) Relevant information is passed through books, pamphlets, magazines, media FM, TV etc.

13) Some churches welcome unwed mothers

14) Churches provide health services, guidance on HIV / AIDS

15) Some churches care for widows, orphans widowers and the needy

Revision questions

  1. State the different types of families

 

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Work

-Use of energy, physical or mental, for the purpose of improving human life. It is any activity that requires expenditure of energy or application of skills e.g. studying, teaching, cooking, farming etc.

Vocation

 Work can be described as a vocation, profession, trade, craft, career or a job.

Vocation is from a Latin word “Vocare” which means call. Christians believe that every individual has been called of God to various duties.

Vocation is work that requires special skills, special training or a unique call or a special mission in society.

Profession

-Work that is characterized by a code of ethics, lengthy specialized training, advance knowledge and self – disciple. Professionals have their own set standards. The professionals determine entry requirements for new members and usually have machinery for dealing with errant members. E.g. Law, medicine, architecture etc

A trade

-Refers to an occupation, a way of making a living. Some trades require specialized training examples hairdressing

A craft

An occupation which requires manipulative skills or use of the hands e.g. woodcarving, pottery, weaving. A craft may be a trade depending on the nature of occupation.

A career

-An occupation that one chooses to pursue in his/her life. It’s the general way of earning a living.

Job

Refers to tasks performed, services rendered in return for payment of wages. Most jobs are temporary others casual and others permanent and pension able.

What determines one’s career, vocation?

  1. Available opportunities for future development in a particular job
  2. The need to serve others especially the church and the needy
  3. Interests, strengths, talents, abilities
  4. Inclination or attraction to a certain kind of work
  5. Pressure from parents, peers etc

General reasons why people work

  1. a) It’s an essential element of life
  2. b) God ordained work. Humans work for their food
  3. c) Work contributes to the development of the community
  4. d) Work is personal. It defines a person
  5. e) People work to earn a living
  6. f) People work for enjoyment, leisure
  7. g) To assist and give to the needy
  8. h) To get luxuries
  9. i) People work to raise their standards of living
  10. j) For self satisfaction and fulfillment
  11. k) For personal development
  12. l) To keep a person occupied and not idle
  13. m) To acquire wealth and status in the society
  14. n) To socialize with other members of the society
  15. o) To attain independence and not depend on someone else TRADITIONAL AFRICAN ATTITUDE TO WORK
  16. Explain importance of work
  17. Work is essential to the well being of the individual and survival of the community
  18. Work ensured basic needs such as food, shelters etc were provided.
  19. In traditional African society work was divided according to the age, gender, and status e.g. chief, elder of the individual.
  20. Everyone was a worker. Boys assisted in herding, fishing, girls assisted in cooking fetching firewood.

Women cooked, took care of babies constructed houses (maasai) etc.

  1. Works among the traditional African societies included pastoralist, farmers, livestock keeping, fishing, bee keeping etc
  2. Work was a communal affair; people would work together and assist each other
  3. Work was not for a wage (Money). The rewards of work-included food, communal unity, acquisition of moral values etc
  4. Hard work was emphasized, laziness was condemned
  5. There were some specific works for specialization e.g. herbal medicine men, divination, prophecy, rain making, pottery etc.
  6. Work involved giving prayers, offerings, and sacrifices to God
  7. Through work, the basic needs of the individual, community were fulfilled
  8. Through work potentials; talents and skills were explored, acquired and utilized.
  9. Work had a religious dimension as well as a social dimension. It brought people together improving their relations
  10. SAE
  11. Find out how different communities in Kenya lived in the past and how they live today
  12. How did the lifestyle of the communities influence daily activities?

CHRISTIAN TEACHING ON WORK

  1. Describe the christens teachings about work

The Christian teaching on work is based mainly on the interpretation of the bible, the teachings of Jesus and the teachings of the apostles. Some of the teachings are: –

  1. God himself instituted work. He created the heavens and the earth and all in it. Since God worked man should work. (Gen. 2:1)
  2. God’s work of creation is good (Gen. 1:31) Christians should endeavor to produce good works
  3. Work is a duty, an obligation, a command Christians are responsible for God’s creation (Gen.2: 15).

They are to protect it – animals, birds, plants, marine life are all under the care of man.

  1. Human beings should work to acquire their basic needs (Genesis. 1:29 – 30, 3:19) God blesses the work of our hands
  2. Human beings are co – creators with God (Gen.1: 28) God continue to create through human beings.

Human beings glorify God through their work.

  1. God reveals himself through his work of creation. God had a purpose for his creation. He is orderly, source of life, Almighty etc.
  2. Work is a co – operative undertaking. Eve was created to be Adam’s helper (Gen. 2:20) Christians should co – operate in their undertakings
  3. Hard work is praised and laziness is looked down upon. (Proverbs 31:27). Christians should work for their daily needs and not become a burden to others.
  4. Work should be accompanied with rest (Gen.2: 2) God rested on the 7th day from all his work. God commanded the Israelites to rest on the 7th day.
  5. People should enjoy what they have worked for (Ecc.3: 22)
  6. Work should be done for the glory of God and for the good of the society.
  7. People should work honestly not steal but work to earn an honest living (Eph.4: 28)
  8. Those who do not work should not eat

They should always work since God is always at a work (John 15:17)

ROLES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHOS, ETHICS AND CODES IN THE SOCIETY

Definitions

Professional ethics –: principles of behavior / conduct that guide members of a particular profession.

What workers are allowed to do and not to do.

Professional ethos

The group identity of members of a profession, their unique custom or character e.g. what identifies doctors, lawyers etc.

Profession codes or code of ethics Collection of laws arranged systematically according to major concerns and core functions of the profession.

Roles

– To regulate the behavior of professional (workers)

– Enables professionals to understand their role

– Ensures professionals provide quality of services to their clients

– To encourage respect among professionals

– Give guidance on how professionals should relate to one another

– They safe guard professionals against being compromised / misused

– They determine expected level of performance

– They serve as a measure of competence

– Act as a measure of quality service

– They protect the professionals

– They provide a reference point for disciplining (used to discipline the errant professional)

– They inspire respect and high esteem for professionals

– Through professional codes, ethics, ethos, professional earn public trust

VIRTUES RELATED TO WORK

Definition

A virtue is a good human habit. It’s a moral principle, moral quality or goodness of character and behavior.

Examples of virtues elated to work

(i) Diligence – hardworking

(ii) Honesty, integrity – ability to be relied upon (Integrity) Honest is being truthful.

(iii) Faithfulness – being trustworthy and loyal

(iv) Responsibility – ability to make decisions and take action independently. Being mindful of other people’s welfare

(v) Tolerance – ability to bear with others or with difficult situations

 

MORAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES

Employers: government, non – governmental organization, private sector – individuals, company, self-employment.

Employers have several duties and responsibilities towards their employees. They are:

– To organize and conduct business efficiently for the benefit of the institution, employer, community

– To respect the employee, treat them with dignity

– Pay a fair wage to the employee

– Ensure good healthy and safe working conditions

– Provide social welfare for the employees e.g. time off, leave days, time for recreation

– Grant leave as required by law or the terms of contract

– Take care of the welfare of the employees give medical cover, pension scheme etc

– To motivate their employees

– To reward employees

– Compensate employees made redundant

Rights of the employer

Employers have a right to / are entitled to

(a) Get profits from their businesses

(b) Carry out their businesses without unfair taxation

(c) Form association with other employers

(d) Obtain and conduct business

(e) Hire, dismiss employees in accordance with the requirements of their firms and contract

(f) Demand a fair day’s work

(g) Conduct business without subjection to unfair conditions and competitions

Moral duties of the employees

  1. Carry out their duties to the best of their ability without supervision
  2. Respect and protect the property of the employer
  3. Encourage peaceful solutions to any problems encountered in their work place
  4. To work diligently for self – fulfillment and development
  5. To respect their employer and fellow employees
  6. Observe terms of contract with employer
  7. Be loyal, honest, respect to the employer

Rights of the employees

To receive fair wages

To have a reasonable work load

Have reasonable hours of work

Have safety and protection at work

Right to join a labor union

Right to further individual training and development education

Rights to retirement, terminal benefits

Rights to a fair opportunity for provision

A right to time for rest

Right to Favorable working conditions

CHRISTIANS APPROACHES TO ISSUES RELATED TO EMPLOYMENT

Wages and industrial action (Strikes)

A wage is payments for work done. Payment is in modern times done according to hours, weeks or days that one works.

Christian teachings on wages

– Human beings have the right to work for a decent living (Matt.20:1 – 16) they should be paid for their work.

– Workers should be paid wages to the amount and value of their work (1 Timothy 5:18)

– Wages should be paid as agreed upon (Mathew 20:13)

– Employers should not take advantage of the poverty of the employee (Deuteronomy 24: 14 – 15)

– Human beings should not be enslaved to work (Ex.5:22 – 23)

– Employers who degrade their workers in wages are condemned (Deut.24:14 – 15, Jer.22:13)

– Oppression is condemned (Amos 5:18, 8; 4)

– Workers wages should never be withheld (James 5:4)

Industrial action

Also commonly called ‘Strike’ this is an effort by workers to stop work in protest by boycott go-slow sit – ins or refuse to work. There has been increase of industrial action in the recent past in most countries of the world.

Reasons for industrial actions

1 Due to increased awareness of workers’ rights

2 Exposure to global trends through the media

3 Formation of trade unions that fight for the rights of workers

4 Due to poor working conditions

5 Underpaying workers

6 Threatening workers with unjustified dismissals

7 Suspending the workers / interdiction – unjustly

8 A hostile working environment

Results of workers strikes (industrial / action

  1. a) Pay cuts
  2. b) Demotions
  3. c) Loss of jobs
  4. d) Employers suffer losses
  5. e) Inflation
  6. f) Injuries even death when confronted by police
  7. g) Victimization of some individuals
  8. h) Bitterness among the workers and employers

Christian approaches towards strikes

  1. a) Christians recommend a peaceful co – existence between workers and employers
  2. b) There should be fairness, justice, love among workers, employees
  3. c) There should be an open communication channel across the ranks from top to bottom
  4. d) Employees should not destroy property
  5. e) Working conditions should be better and improved
  6. f) Employees to be human when dealing with employees

 

CHILD LABOUR

A child is a person below 18 years. A child does not have an identity card, does not vote (in Kenya).

According to International Labor Organization the minimum employment age is 14 years.

Child labor

It is engaging a person below the age of 14 years in wage / paid employ-ment.

Reasons why children are employed

– To provide cheap labor

– They cannot fight for proper terms

– They are easily hired and fired

 

 

Disadvantages of child labor

Children are not yet mentally and physically prepared to do adult jobs. This leads to

  1. a) Exploitation of children
  2. b) Children paid less, taken advantage of
  3. c) It inhibits the growth of a child and denies them a chance to enjoy their childhood
  4. d) It deprives them of their right to basic education
  5. e) It exposes children to hazards (dangers) from machines, chemicals
  6. f) Heavy workload deprives children of social educational, moral, psychological, physical rights

Places where children are employed

– Plantations – coffee, tea

– Domestic services – homes

– Tourism sector

– Industries

– Children are trafficked and employed as commercial sex workers

Causes of child labor – reasons why children work

1 Lack of money / poverty

2 Death of parents

3 Dropping out of school due to pregnancy, indiscipline, (truancy), poor academic performance or lack of school fees.

4 Those who never went or taken to school

5 Lack of good role models e.g. coast province Mombasa; Malindi has several of the financially stable people being school dropouts, engaged in drug trafficking, commercial sex etc.

6 Influence of cultural values e.g. circumcision of boys in some communities is done later in life and one is declared an adult e.g. the kikuyu circumcising at 13 years, or 12 years

7 Children being lured by employers

8 Greed for material benefits

9 Being homeless ending up as a street child

 

Position of church in dealing with child labor

– The church condemns it

– It has put up homes for poor children (orphanages)

– It provides guidance, counseling to both parents and children

– Children are blessing from God hence should be loved and cared for

– Parents have the responsibilities to protect their children from harm.

 

UNEMPLOYMENT AND SELF –EMPLOYMENT

Unemployment

When people are capable and willing to work but are unable to find a viable income or occupation it is referred to as unemployment.

Causes of unemployment

1 Preference for prestigious white collar jobs (Office jobs, non – manual jobs)

2 Corruption, tribalism, nepotism, bribery denying jobs to the qualified in preference for the unqualified.

3 Unequal distribution of wealth – some regions are more resourceful than others. Industries, good infrastructure concentrated in some areas.

4 Inadequate resources for self – employment (lack of capital, skills)

5 Limited job opportunities – probably due to high population growth

6 Few international investors in Kenya, probably due to high crime rate, insecurity

Identify ways of creating job opportunities

Response of Christians to issues of unemployment

  1. a) They encourage self – employment in cases of unemployment
  2. b) They have set up vocational training, polytechnics to train people towards jobs that are for self – employment
  3. c) Christians condemn idleness

Self-employment

Self-employment is an economic activity initiated, controlled by an individual. It is an occupation in which a person initiates a personal enterprise and manages it with the help of others.

 

Examples

Small businesses enterprises, Jua kali sector, music industry, entertainment (e.g. comedians), community work, agriculture etc

Problems / challenges

– Some lack sufficient capital to start a business and keep it running

– Lack of necessary skills to run the business

– High taxation leading to some business closing down

– Small scale traders face undue competition from larger firms

Revision questions

  1. What is work?
  2. List any six reasons why people work
  3. Explain T.As attitude towards work
  4. List some of the factors that have changed the attitude towards work in the modern society
  5. What are the rights of employers?
  6. State the duties of employees
  7. Why has child labor become common in Kenya?
  8. What are the causes of unemployment in Kenya?
  9. What can the government do to reduce unemployment in Kenya?

 

CHRISTIANS APPROACHES TO LEISURE

MEANING OF LEISURE

Work is an obligation – however people cannot work 24 hours. They need to rest. God rested on the 7th day after work. Work and rest are complementary elements of human life.

Definition of leisure

This is the time when one is free from work or other duties. Time at one’s own disposal, which can be utilized in a productive manner depending on one’s interests and abilities. Leisure provides mental, physical relaxation, spiritual, emotional relaxation and enrichment

Forms of leisure

  1. Passive
  2. Active leisure

Passive involves use of mental energy

Active leisure – there is use of physical energy

Examples of activities of passive leisure are

– Watching television

– Reading story books

– Playing video games

– Chatting with friends

Examples of activities of active leisure are

– Jogging

– Mountain climbing

– Gardening

– Dancing

– Tree planting

– Playing football

Leisure is used for

– Enjoyment

– Entertainment – song, dance, watching movies etc

– Relaxation – exercises

– Socialization – sharing, education

– Religious engagement – wedding ceremonies, visiting the sick, worship

In passive leisure others entertain while in active leisure the person is active, whole body is involved.

Active leisure enables a person to

  1. Develop his/her body
  2. Build stamina
  3. Strengthen relationships etc

Some leisure activities are dangerous e.g. boxing, motor racing; while others are expensive e.g. golf.

Other leisure activities are addictive while others are unproductive.

– Leisure activities should be planned for

– Leisure activities can also be economic, income generating activities.

In traditional African society leisure permeates all aspects of life. Leisure activities accompany work.

Leisure and work were entertainment. Work was accompanied by singing, reciting stories sharing past events. Examples of leisure activities in traditional African society include

– Wrestling

– Running

– Playing ajua

– Mock fighting

– Swimming

– Spear throwing

– Poetry

– Music and dance etc

Leisure activities that were communal include

  • Bull fighting
  • Tongue – twisters
  • Poetry recitation
  • Telling of myths legends
  • Dancing
  • Brain teasers
  • Riddles etc

-Work in African society included fishing, tilling the land, herding, hunting, harvesting o most leisure activities in traditional African society were active form of leisure, communal, not individualistic and not for monetary gains

-All forms of leisure had an educational value. Folk stories had a moral value. People were taught not to be selfish, greedy jealousy etc Myths and legends tell of the origin of the community and its history of important people as well as history of the community.

– In African traditional society, leisure led to acquisition of values or virtues such as co – operation, sharing, solidarity, love, bravery, empathy, endurance, tolerance etc.

– Most activities were linked to the worship of God and, veneration of the ancestors

– Leisure activates were organized along gender and age group season (E.g. harvest – dancing, singing); wet rainy seasons – boat swimming

– Rites of passage e.g. initiation, marriage, birth and naming provided leisure activities

-Leisure activities were planned for

CHRISTIAN TEACHING ON LEISURE

Christian teach that:

  1. a) Work and leisure are of divine origin. God rested on the 7th day after working
  2. b) Leisure is a gift from God leisure should be put to good use. Its not be wasted
  3. c) Leisure provides us with the opportunity to worship God. Leisure should be used to serve God.
  4. d) Christians associate leisure with personal growth and fellowship
  5. e) Jesus recognized the need for rest by withdrawing his disciples from their active ministry. It’s good to have time alone for reflection, rest, visit friend etc.
  6. f) Leisure should be used to seek God and help others e.g. Jesus prayed, helped the needy restored people’s health.

Ways Christian use their leisure time – activities

Worshipping God

Visiting the sick

Caring for the needy

Resting

Watching television

Chatting with family members

Retreat – time spend away with a group of people to be alone with God

Visiting friends, relatives

Reading the bible

Praying etc

IMPORTANT USE AND MISUSE OF LEISURE

Importance of leisure

Leisure is necessary. It’s important in various ways

1) It is a good time to assess the work we have done (Reflection time)

2) It brings people together leading to self – growth and fulfillment (Social function of leisure)

3) Leisure helps individuals to discover their hidden talents

4) Leisure relaxes the mind – a change of activity, relieves the mind

5) Leisure refreshes the body – restores lost energy

6) Leisure enables Christians to offer charity to those in need

7) Leisure provides time for worship and spiritual renewal

8) Leisure gives one time to rest

9) It’s time for recreation

10) Give one time to attend social occasions

11) Allows people to travel and visit friends and relatives

12) Leisure can be used to enhance and acquire new skills and knowledge

13) It’s a time to develop and discover ones talents

Uses of leisure – proper use of leisure

Leisure can be used for

  1. Religious experience
  2. A time for rest
  3. Leisure is used to provide us with time to help others
  4. Leisure can be used to spread the word of God
  5. Development of talents
  6. It’s an opportunity for individual growth
  7. Leisure strengthens social relationships
  8. Leisure can be used for reflection on one’s decision; actions etc leisure activities reveal who we are.
  9. Leisure can be used for educative and economic purposes

Proper use of leisure is when leisure time is spent doing activities that add value to us.

Misuse of leisure today

Leisure time can be misused through various activities e.g.

1) Spending too much time in passive activities e.g. pornography watching, watching films that are violent

2) Spending leisure time in idle talk – gossip-leading to conflicts

3) Spending time in gambling, casinos making bets on horses playing Ajua games etc

4) Alcohol and drug taking – when a person over drinks alcohol, spends time drinking at the expense of family, abusing drugs is misuse of leisure time.

5) Leisure can also be misused by engaging in dangerous activities.

Night dancing, disco dancing has become a common form of leisure worldwide. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

 

DRUG ABUSE AND ITS EFFECTS- ALCOHOL, SOFT AND HARD DRUGS

A drug is any substance which when taken may alter or cause changes in the normal functioning of the body.

Drug abuse

-Improper use of drugs. Using a drug for another purpose than what it is intended for

Drug use

Proper use of drugs

Drugs are taken in various forms namely

1 Liquid

2 Lotions

3 Ointments

4 Powders

5 Cake form,

Drugs are classified as legal and illegal

Ways of administering drugs

Drugs are taken /administered in various ways

– Infecting

– Inhaling / smoking

– Chewing

– Swallowing

– Drinking

– Sniffing / snuffing

Categories of drugs

  1. a) Medicinal
  2. b) Soft drugs
  3. c) Hard / narcotic drugs

Types of drugs

1) Preventive drugs e.g. drugs to prevent polio, cholera, yellow fever

2) Curative drugs – drugs that cure diseases

3) Sedatives, palliatives – drugs that alleviate pain, put patients to sleep e.g. drugs for diabetes, heart diseases, asthma, painkillers

4) Tranquillizers – drugs that relieve tension induce sleep e.g. piriton, valium

5) Stimulants – drugs used to increase physiological activity of a particular organ. They arouse the activity of the central nervous system / senses.

6) Volatile drugs – these drugs intoxicate the user, they are derived from petroleum products paint thinners dry cleaning fluids glue etc. stimulants and volatile drugs classified as soft drugs.

7) Hard drugs or narcotic drugs

These are highly addictive drugs. The body forms dependence on these drugs. These drugs affect the mind causing drowsiness; sleep, stupor and they are the most commonly abused drugs. Examples are

Cocaine

– From coca leaves

– Its highly addictive

– Causes mental problems

– Can lead to death on overdose

– A very expensive drug

Other side effects are confusion, Convulsions, circulatory collapse and rapid heart beat

Bhang / Marijuana

– A plant of Indian hemp

– Also called marijuana, Hashish, Cannabis, and Sativa depending on which part of the plant is taken i.e. leaves, stem, or roots.

– Users become aggressive excited or high

– Bhang changes perception of space, time and reality

– It causes drowsiness and irresponsible behavior

– Its side effects causes people to be engaged in criminal activities e.g. robbery with violence as it gives changes in perception

Morphine

It’s used to suppress pain clinically

– Its addictive

– Its derived from cocaine

– Used as local aesthetic

Heroine

– Its pain relieving

– Highly addictive

– Powder heated in foil paper, vapor forms hence smoked referred to as” chasing the dragon”

– Also called brown sugar

– Its injected and inhaled

– An overdose can lead to death

– Its expensive

– It causes respiratory problems

– Its depressive

– Withdrawal symptoms when heroine is not available are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and severe anxiety

Soft drugs

– Cigarette

– Alcohol

– Miraa / khat

Cigarette

– Made from tobacco

– Cigarettes contain

  1. a) Nicotine – a highly addictive substance.
  2. b) Carbon monoxide, which damages arteries heart and lungs
  3. c) Tar – black substance which promotes cancer of the throat, heart and lungs

Cigarettes are legal drugs in Kenya.

Pregnant women may miscarry or terminate the pregnancy if they smoke.

Leads to chest respiratory diseases poor blood circulation

Leads to destructive fires due to carelessness

Miraa / khat

1 Plants / legally in Kenyan, and other parts of the world

2 They are chewed

3 Causes temporary excitement

4 Makes one loose appetite for food and sex

5 The juice in miraa causes temporary excitement in the user when ingested

6 Miraa makes the user to be irritable

Alcohol

– Alcohol is a drug made through fermentation

– It’s a drink used in social ceremonial occasions

– It’s in form of beer wines, traditional brew (e.g. busaa, muratina, mnazi ) and spirits e.g. whisks, brandy, gin, chang’aa

– Alcohol is prepared by fermentation or distillation – heating to a certain degree.

– In African traditional society, alcohol was fermented and used for

  1. Medicinal value
  2. Entertainment
  3. Marriage celebrations
  4. Beer parties given to visitors

– Excessive drinking was discouraged

– Drunk people were scorned or scolded

– Young people were not allowed to drink alcohol

– When alcohol is taken excessively it is abused

Alcohol abuse

– Alcohol can lead to body dependence or addiction

– Consequences of abusing alcohol are such as

(i) Squandering family resources

(ii) Health deterioration

(iii) Lack of concentration leading to poor quality of work

(iv) Family break-ups due to frustrations

A man experiences a desire for sex but lacks the ability to perform leading to break ups

(v) Deformed foetus if a mother abuses alcohol when pregnant

(vi) Alcohol destroys brain cells

(vii) It leads to unruly behavior such as fights, violence

(viii) One is vulnerable to risky behavior – a drunken person is unable to make proper decisions hence vulnerable to sexual infections such as HIV / AIDS

(ix) Can make a person cause accidents if driving under the influence of alcohol or staggering on the road.

CAUSES OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE (REASONS WHY PEOPLE ABUSE ALCOHOL AND

DRUGS)

(i) Frustration due to unemployment, inability to perform well and meet set standards or other personal frustrations.

(ii) Idleness – when idle some turn to alcohol and drug use

(iii) Addiction

(iv) Boredom

(v) Bad examples from adults

(vi) Availability of drugs in the Kenyan market

(vii) Negative peer pressure

(viii) Experimentation then addiction

(ix) Media influence

(x) Societal permissiveness

(xi) Urbanization

(xii) Pressure of work

(xiii) Financial stress

(xiv) Globalization – foreign world influences

Effects of drug abuse

Drug abuse poses danger to the health of a person, affects family, society in general. Effects of drug abuse are

  1. Psychological problems – drugs are addictive. The body becomes dependant on them. It cannot perform without the drugs. It leads to depression, irritability, aggressiveness, paranoia, one becoming afraid to face reality etc.
  2. Crime – robbery, theft, people abusing drugs will rob, steal so as to get money to buy the drugs. Drugs have led to students setting schools on fire, killing their fellow students
  3. Illusion – users do not face reality
  4. Health problems – one is prone to diseases because of frequent use of drugs. Drugs weaken the body’s system e.g. alcohol leads to liver Cirrhosis, stomach ulcers. One is susceptible / prone to HIV /

AIDS infection STI’s lung cancer, still birth etc

  1. Economic problems

Drugs are expensive. Abuse leads to depletion of family resources leading to poverty

  1. Loss of job and income
  2. Social problems

Abuse of drugs leads to family conflicts, leading to separation, divorce, family quarrels fights and even murder (domestic violence)

  1. Accidents
  2. Frustrations
  3. Poor performance in school work
  4. Death

People die out of drug abuse. An over dose of heroin, cocaine kills. Alcohol can lead to a blackout, this affects the brain

REMEDIES TO DRUG ABUSE

Drug abuse has become a global problem. Remedies or solutions include:

  1. a) Law enforcement

-Through bodies such as UNDCP United Nations International Drug Control Programme Anti Narcotics Police Units, NACADA National Agency for the Campaign against Drug Abuse so as to control abuse of Narcotics and other drugs.

  1. b) Education

-People to be educated on the effects of drugs. The curriculum from pri-mary to secondary to include topics on drug abuse.

Guidance and counseling

Religious teachings – all religious condemn the abuse of drugs

Family values to be promoted. Parents should set good examples to their children

-Every individual to cultivate individual values. Respect their body and take care of their bodies

-Rehabilitation of drug users / abusers

 

CHRISTIAN CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE USE OF LEISURE

Criteria – criterion – a principle or standard for judging something.

How does a Christian determine whether a certain leisure activity is lawful, acceptable before God – criteria for evaluating the use of leisure?

1) Christians, should engage in leisure activities which promote their respect and dignity they should socialize with people who are morally upright (bad company corrupts good morals)

2) God ordains leisure hence it should serve God’s purpose.

3) Leisure should come after work

4) Leisure should be used for the good of others. The activities that are harmful to others should be avoided

5) Activities chosen should enrich their knowledge of God

6) Activities should provide service to others

7) Leisure doesn’t mean laziness

A Christian should not engage in a harmful activity to self but those that promote respect and dignity

9) Christians to avoid activities that lead to sin or to addiction

10) They should perform an activity which develop their physical emotional social and spiritual well being

11) Leisure should be enjoyed with moderation

12) Activities for leisure should be moral, within the laws of God and pleasing to good.

Revision questions

  1. Identify five (5) reasons why the taking of alcohol as a way of spending leisure is condemned
  2. Write down five ways in which modern Christians use their leisure time
  3. Give five ways in which drug use and abuse could affect a Christian
  4. Identify ways in which Christians can overcome temptations to drug use and abuse

5(a). Why is leisure important in the life of a Christian?

5(b). What factors have contributed to the misuse of leisure in Kenya?

  1. State the factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya

 

CHRISTIANS APPROACHES TO WEALTH, MONEY AND POVERTY

DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTS WEALTH, MONEY AND POVERTY

  1. a) Wealth: – accumulation…

-Accumulation of materials owned by an individual, family or a group of people. Wealth is property that has economic value e.g. land, animals, money, valuable possessions such as jewellery, commercial and residential buildings etc.

Ways of acquiring wealth

Inheritance

Business

Commercial farming

Salaried Jobs

Investment of money in financial institution

Provision of commercial services

  1. b) Money

It’s the medium of exchange that functions as a legal tender. It is something that is generally accepted as a medium of exchange, a means of payment. It is usually in form of coins or notes. Good monetary media (money) has certain qualities.

Qualities of money

  • It should be acceptable
  • It should be fairly stable
  • Easy to divide into small units
  • Easy to carry
  • Should be relatively scarce
  • It should be durable
  • Its value should be maintained through proper control of its circulations

Money is a measure of wealth. What it can purchase is the value. Money is used to buy services, goods, pay debts etc.

Examples of currencies in the world are

Ksh. (Kenya), Rand (South Africa) US & Dollar, Pound (Britain) Euro (Europe), Yen (Japan) Etc

  1. c) Poverty

State of being without adequate basic necessities of life e.g. food, shelter, clothing

It’s a state of helplessness. It is characterized by poor health, hunger, and lack of education facilities, uncared for environment.

Causes of poverty

  1. Adverse climatic conditions (Geographical factors)
  2. Poor family background (historical and social factors)
  3. Political stability leading to civil wars
  4. Poor governance
  5. Regional imbalance of natural resources
  6. Low level of technology
  7. Laziness
  8. Over dependence on foreign aid

 

 

 

THE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN UNDERSTANDING OF WEALTH AND POVERTY

In African traditional societies wealth was measured in terms of the amount of land, livestock, grains, and wives, children possessed by an individual or the community.

Wealth was acquired in various ways.

(i) As a gift from God

Most Africans believe that wealth is a blessing from God.

(ii) Inheritance

In cases where the head of the family is dead, the eldest son becomes the custodian of the estate. The clan and community elders give direction on how the wealth is to be shared out.

(iii) Bride wealth

(iv) Farming

(v) Exploitation of natural resources – honey, wood for carving, building materials etc

(vi) Trade

African communities were involved in barter trade where they exchanged good and services

(vii) Raids – wealth was also acquired by raiding other communities – goats, sheep, Cattle.

– People were encouraged to work hard to acquire wealthy honesty

– Wealthy people were highly regarded and were considered for leadership position

– Wealth was incomplete without a family

Poverty

Poverty was viewed as punishment or curse for wrongdoing.

Other causes of poverty according to African Traditional Society were: –

  • Laziness
  • Lack of inheritance
  • Raids by other communities
  • Famine
  • Natural calamities
  • Sickness – rendering the individual weak to acquire wealth

– In acquiring wealth, principles such as value for human life, mutual responsibility, and sharing, communal ownership were emphasized.

– Places that were communal include grazing land, rivers, and watering places

– Laziness was ridiculed through songs, riddles and proverbs.

IMPACTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF MONEY ECONOMY IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETY

Introduction

– Money was introduced to Africa by the Europeans

– Before colonial period, Africans practiced barter trade – actual goods exchanged with other goods e.g. animals would be exchanged with food grains, millet, sorghum, cowpeas, children exchanged for food during famine.

– Trade merchants from Asia had introduced into Africa forms of currency such as the cowry shells, gold and the Indian rupees. Europeans introduced currency still used today

Economy: – careful management of resources, finances, income and expenditure of a family, a business enterprise, community or a country. The economy of a country is to be well managed if it has the ability to meet the social economic needs of her members.

Development

It’s measured by the health of its economy in the provision of health, education, housing, sanitation, employment, and longevity of life, decrease of material and child mortality.

Money economy: – Use of money as a means of exchange in economic activities e.g. banking, investment, insurance, payment of goods and services.

Reasons for money introduction

1) Colonization brought a lot of changes such as unoccupied land declared ‘Crown land’ for colonialists.

2) Tax introduction

Africans were supposed to pay taxes to the government. Taxes were paid in form of money.

3) Introduction of formal education School fees was introduced. Fees were paid in form of money.

4) Introduction of modern medical services

People paid medical services using money.

5) Emergence of new lifestyles

Converts to Christianity were emphasized on to have materials, hence had to work to improve their living standards. They built houses, took their children to schools practiced modern family techniques hence had to use money.

Impact of the introduction of money economy in traditional African society

1) Introduction of wage – labor

2) Break up of family ties as people migrated from rural to urban areas in search of employment

3) African land taken by the colonialists, reducing people to squatters hence need to work

4) There was creation of a gap between people – the rich and the poor

5) Emergence of vices e.g. corruption, bribery, prostitution, robbery

6) Deterioration of cherished African values e.g. bride wealth has become commercialized, customs lost etc.

7) Loss of African human dignity. Africans had to pay taxes to the colonial government. They were forced to work in European farms so as to get money. They worked under dehumanizing conditions

Production of traditional food crops declined replaced by cash crops.

9) Individual ownership of land was emphasized. Land could be sold at will

10) There was increase of rural – urban migration leaving the rural people less educated.

11) Exploitation of the poor by the rich – poor wages, overcharging prices on foods.

12) Destruction of the natural environment to create room for building projects, urban centers

13) The cost of living increased. Almost everything is acquired by money.

THE CHRISTIAN TEACHING ON WEALTH, MONEY, POVER-TY

Teaching on wealth

1) Wealth is a blessing from God

2) Those who obey God’s laws, teachings of the prophets are promised blessings by God Deut28: 1 – 4

3) Wealth has duties associated with it e.g. 10% tithe, alms to the poor, and an aspect of stewardship.

4) Wealth should be used wisely. People are not owners of their property but are stewards. Should share with the poor and needy.

5) Wealth is not permanent e.g. parable of the rich fool. When people die, they take nothing with them. Naked into the world, naked out of the world. Job. 1:21

6) Wealth can create a false sense of independence feeling of self reliance no need for God

7) Wealth should be obtained justly – no happiness for a person who gets riches in the wrong way.

Wrong attitude to wealth can lead to idolatry and other dangers. Matt.19: 23 – 24 danger of materialism – making riches their God, the love of money is the root of all evil (1 timothy 6:10)

9) It is wrong to discriminate against others on the basis of material possessions. Jesus associated with the rich, the poor, the sick etc.

10) Seek spiritual wealth, which is permanent and more fulfilling than material wealth, which is transitory – temporal. Matt 6:19 – 20)

11) Acknowledge God as the source of one’s riches

12) Use wealth to help the needy

13) Wealth is an instrument to enable us live decently.

14) Obsession with money and wealth leads to sin

15) Church leaders should avoid greed for wealth (1 Timothy 3:3)

16) God will judge rich exploiters.

Christian teaching on poverty

1) Christian teachings discourage irresponsible behavior and habits e.g. laziness, idleness and negligence. Some people became poor because of such.

2) Some people become poor because of misfortunes

3) Others are poor because of judgment due to disobedience to God

4) God cares for the poor

5) Those with more should share with the poor

6) People should work to alleviate poverty in the society

7) Jesus helped the poor so should we.

The poor in spirit will be blessed

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES / RESPONSE TO ISSUES RELATED TO WEALTH AND MONEY.

Christians can respond by:

  1. Insistence on fair distribution of wealth
  2. Fighting against bribery and corruption
  3. Using life skills
  4. Practicing Christian values

Introduction

– Affluence – having a lot of material possessions and a luxurious standard of living. Poverty is a state of lack of the basic necessities.

– Illegal means of acquiring wealth include fraud, grabbing public land, selling narcotic drugs etc

Factors that have contributed to poverty

  1. Political instability
  2. Lack of formal education
  3. Laziness
  4. Negative attitude towards work – choosing jobs
  5. Historical factors – colonization lack of land
  6. Exporting unprocessed agricultural products cheaply then sold back expensively.
  7. Fair distribution of wealth / resources
  8. a) Christians to promote the value of justice, fairness, social responsibility. How? By having anti – corruption crusades, be role models, teach or import skills, advocate for cancellation of foreign debts, taxation to all etc.
  9. b) Fair salaries
  10. c) Promotion of affordable and decent housing
  11. d) Favorable terms of loans
  12. e) Encourage Jua Kali artisans
  13. f) Christians to demand transformation of society through implementation of just economic policies that can ensure fair distribution of wealth.
  14. g) Encourage foreign investors through good infrastructure, incentives e.g. shorter process to register business, security.
  15. h) Christian to encourage investments by churches and inculcate in people the values of hard work, proper time management free education free health care for the poor or needy.

Fair distribution of wealth / resources refers to jobs, infrastructure, hospitals, water, agricultural products etc.

 

BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION

Fighting against bribery and corruption

Bribery and corruption are related terms.

Corruption: – practice of giving a bribe in the form of money, goods or privileges in return for a service.

Bribery: – act of giving money, material goods or services to someone to influence the recipient to give underserved favor. It is aimed at influen-cing a decision to favor.

Bribery is a form of corruption.

– Corruption is some kind of moral degeneration. A practice whereby someone uses his/her influence in an activity that is not morally acceptable.

– Example of corruption include promotion by a senior for a favor, colluding to miss work, use of government vehicles to attend to personal matters.

In Kenya, Kenya Anticorruption commission KACC is a national body formed to fight corruption.

Factors leading to bribery and corruption

  1. Un-employment – one will bribe to secure employment
  2. Greed for money – caused by peer pressure, poor moral values, wrong ethical foundation about money etc.
  3. Fear – fear of being imprisoned
  4. Ignorance – giving bribes in form of gifts
  5. Disintegration of traditional African values
  6. Lack of moral integrity – no Christian values, one having no spiritual basis
  7. Frustration in the place of work
  8. A perverted conscience

Consequences of corruption and bribery

  1. Leads to injustice
  2. Leads to incompetent supplies of goods or services being awarded hefty contracts – leads to poor services e.g. road construction
  3. Poor infrastructure, poor public service delivery
  4. Leads to undermining moral fabric of society – leading to social hopelessness and despair
  5. Has led to lack of trust in public servants, and the government
  6. Discontentment among people.
  7. Degrades the personality of an individual
  8. Can lead to imprisonment and lose of job

CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARDS BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION

  1. It is condemned as an evil practice (a social evil) Ex. 23:8
  2. Bribes cause injustice proverbs 17:23
  3. Seen as morally wrong as they negatively affect one’s family
  4. Jesus drove out merchants from the temple. They had started exploitation of the poor.
  5. Condemned because it degrades the personality of an individual
  6. Amos condemned taking and giving of bribes
  7. Bribes blinds the eyes

In the parable of John the Baptist condemned soldiers from taking bribes

Corrupt judge and the widow, corruption is condemned

  1. Christians are to live righteously and not give bribes or receive. They are the light of the world.
  2. Money gained from corruption is not acceptable before God.

C Using life skills

Life skills are abilities, which enable a person to face the challenges of life in an effective way they are

Decision making

Critical thinking

Creative thinking

Self esteem

Assertiveness

  1. Decision making

Process of identifying the best alternative to overcome a challenge encountered. Often decisions we make do not only affect us but those around us.

Steps to decision – making

  1. Identify the challenge (problem) what’s the problem? What is bothering you?
  2. Understand the challenge / problem: – What is really bothering you?
  3. Find out possible solutions
  4. Find out the possible options and alternatives
  5. Consider the possible consequences for each option
  6. Select the best option
  7. Implement
  8. Evaluate the outcome of the action
  9. Critical thinking
  10. Ability to examine and assess a given situation impartially or objectively. It involves reasoning carefully. Getting detailed information, consider the option before making a decision. Critical thinking makes a person responsible for their actions.
  11. Creative thinking

This is the act or practice of using ideas imaginatively to solve a problem

  1. Self-esteem

– This is the regard one has about himself or herself. Self-esteem can be low or high, positive or negative.

A positive or high self-esteem person has confidence, is outgoing, social, appreciates self, realistic and independent.

– A person with low, negative self-esteem is naïve, withdrawn, shy, feels inadequate, and no self-confidence.

  1. Assertiveness

-Ability to express ones feelings and wishes without hurting others. Assertive people are confident; direct in dealing with others assertive people have a high self-esteem.

 

CHRISTIAN VALUES RELATED TO WEALTH, MONEY, AND POVERTY.

Values – Beliefs, which guide people on what is right and wrong. There are

– Social values

– Cultural values

– Moral values

Values related to wealth are:

– Love

– Honesty

– Reliability

– Fairness

– Justice

– Respect

– Faithfulness

– Humility

– Persistence

– Chastity

Love – intense emotion of attachment, affection, warmth, fondness, regard for a person or something

How should love guide a Christian in relation to wealth creation?

Honesty – quality of being truthful, fair trustworthy, sincere, genuine. The opposite of honesty is dishonesty.

Reliability – being dependable, faithful, predictable, unfailing. The ability of being relied upon and keeping promises

Fairness – condition of being unbiased, free from discrimination.

Justice – fair dealings with the people, as they deserve according to the law. Being fair, giving people what’s due to them. Opposite of justice is injustice.

Respect

-Quality of having high regard for somebody or something. Politeness. It’s important to respect other people’s property.

Humility – quality of not thinking that you are better than others. Being humble. Opposite of humility is pride, being proud. Those who humble themselves shall be exalted.

Faithfulness – quality of remaining loyal or true to someone. Christians should be faithful at their places of work and in allocating their wealth to God’s work.

Those who are entrusted with public resources to manage on behalf of the people should show a high degree of faithfulness.

Persistence – quality to persevere. Quality to continue steadfastly, unrelentingly despite opposition e.g. the unjust judge and widow, job =, Jeremiah are people who persisted.

Chastity – a state of being pure, holy, innocent modest. It is abstinence from actions that may make one impure before God.

-Christians should strive hard not to defile their bodies in search of wealth

-Christians should strive to live holy lives, avoid prostitution, drug abuse; corruption

-people use sexual favor to get jobs or promotion. Christians should thus avoid such.

 

Revision questions

  1. Explain the biblical teaching on wealth
  2. Discuss the biblical teaching on acquisition and use of wealth
  3. Explain ways in which people misuse wealth in Kenya today
  4. Show how misuse of wealth leads to family instability
  5. Give ways in which the Kenyan government is alleviating the high levels of poverty
  6. State the factors that have contributed to high levels of poverty in Kenya today

 

APPROACHES TO LAW, ORDER AND JUSTICE

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Introduction

– Law, order, justice are essential for the survival of any society

– Following laws leads to order and justice lack of following leads to disorder and injustice laws of Kenya are laid down in the constitution.

  1. Law

Established rules by an authority to regulate human behavior in the community Schools laws, religious laws, factory laws, hospital laws etc. laws differ from society to society. Laws are dynamic. Laws cover all

Aspects of life.

  1. Order

Condition brought about by obedience to set rules or laws. Order leads to peaceful co – existence in the society. Where there is order, things are done systematically. The opposite of order is disorder.

Types of laws

  1. Non – legal laws – no court action e.g. school rules
  2. Customary traditional laws – based on culture, social traditions. They have to agree with state laws.

They are respected by state.

  1. Statutory laws / legal laws – laws made by local council or national government and citizens are expected to obey them.

 

Types of statutory laws

  1. a) Civil laws – made by parliament on issues such as taxes, labor, divorce etc
  2. b) Criminal law – on crime / punishment
  3. c) Constitutional law – matters of state and governance
  4. d) Company law
  5. e) Religious laws e.g. Islamic law ‘sharia’
  6. Justice

Treating others the way they deserve in relation to the law. It’s administration of rightful dealings in a fair manner according to their actions. A just society follows rules and administers legal action to those who offend others or disobey rules. Justice means treating people the same way without discrimination.

IMPORTANCE OF LAW, ORDER AND JUSTICE

  1. Importance of law, order and justice
  2. a) They are essential to preserve harmony and protect people
  3. b) Laws guide people and ensure people’s rights are protected.
  4. c) They protect people’s property and enable people to live in harmony
  5. d) They protect the consumer from exploitation
  6. e) They safeguard religious freedom
  7. f) Laws control power of those in authority and promote political stability
  8. g) Provides stability, encouraging economic growth
  9. h) Helps to control discontentment among people
  10. i) Helps implementation of taxes effectively
  11. j) Provides / help in maintenance of security
  12. k) Ensures human rights are upheld
  13. l) Enables the government to protect its citizens from internal or external threats.
  14. m) International law regulates relations between countries.

 

 

 

 

RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CITIZENS

Citizen – person who is a member of a state, kingdom, empire. A person who has full rights as a member of a country by birth, decent, registration, naturalization.

Rights – legal claims that one is entitled to from the government

Duty – ones responsibility to the government.

Rights

1) Right to life – to live securely

2) Right to education

3) Right to liberty / freedom e.g. one should not be imprisoned, detained, without trial. One is innocent until proven guilty

4) Right to protection of property

5) Right to own a family – right to marry and raise a family

6) Right to health

7) Freedom of movement

Right to freedom of association

9) Right to freedom of assembly

10) Freedom of religion

11) Right to own property

12) Right to equality – non discrimination

13) Protection of freedom of expression and speech (own opinions, ideas)

Children have rights e.g. Right to life, education, parental care, health, protection from exploitation, right to identity etc.

Duties of citizens (responsibilities)

1) Pay taxes to the government

2) Respect the flag and national anthem

3) Respect those in authority

4) Respect the laws of the land

5) Register as a voter and voter in national elections

6) Be responsible at work

7) Participate in national development

Promote peace and harmony in the society

9) Report errant members of the society to law enforcement agents

10) protect the environmental – clean, plant trees, avoid poaching etc

TRADITIONAL AFRICAN PRACTICES THAT PROMOTE LAW, ORDER, JUSTICE

Some of the practices that promote law, order and justice are:

  1. a) Punishment of offenders

People who committed offences such as stealing, murder, witchcraft were punished through death, curses, paying heavy fines etc. this promoted law, order, justice

  1. b) Installation of rules, kings, chiefs, elders

They were installed to maintain law, order and to execute justice in their areas of jurisdiction

  1. c) Administration of oaths

– Administered by specialists and are used as a method of establishing and maintaining law and order

  1. d) Making of covenants

– Covenants were made if there was a conflict between two communities. They would promise to live in peace and harmony.

  1. e) Observing of taboos and customary law

Taboos were prohibitions. Those who went against taboos were severely punished

  1. f) The kinship system – defined how people related one to another
  2. g) Rites of passage – ensured customs, laws were adhered to
  3. h) Religious practices- such as praying, singing, sacrificing and giving of offerings had the effect of maintaining order.

BIBLICAL TEACHING ON LAW, ORDER AND JUSTICE

God initiated Law, order, and justice.

  1. God’s creation is orderly. God desires order
  2. Man was created with a conscience to know right from wrong sin has consequences or punishment.

God does punish disobedience i.e. justice

  1. God instituted the laws as part of his plan for salvation e.g. law of circumcision, Torah (10 commandments), circumcision of the heart, laws on what to eat etc.
  2. God’s law governed kingship in Israel. National prosperity depended on a king’s ruler ship. Kings were to ensure law and order
  3. In the New Testament John the Baptist urged people to observe the law (social justice).
  4. Jesus taught that the kingdom of God is based on law, order and justice. There should be fair treatment for all people
  5. Jesus said that the Law of Moses was given to guide people
  6. Christians should obey the law of the land and respect those in authority
  7. The apostolic teachings stress the need for law, order, justice (1 Cro.14: 33)
  8. Christians should be orderly.
  9. The birth of Jesus was orderly. His ministry was also orderly hence should Christians.

CAUSES OF SOCIAL DISORDER AND THEIR REMEDIES

Social disorder is a state of confusion or lack of order in the society

Causes

1) Discrimination

2) Inequitable distribution of wealth, resources

3) Crime

4) Racism

5) Tribalism

6) Sexism

Discrimination

Discrimination is unfair treatment. Discrimination is on basis of

– Race

– Tribe

– Sex / gender

People or a particular person is singled out and treated with disfavor or distaste. It is showing bias or prejudice.

Causes of discrimination

  1. Culture
  2. Prejudice – bias original from opinions that have no known basis or supporting facts – stereotypes
  3. Ignorance e.g. on HIV /AIDS
  4. Social status – ones position in a society

Inequitable distribution of wealth and resources

– This is when riches of family, community, and nation are not fairly shared out due to Selfishness or poor planning. Some areas are marginalized.

Racism – unfair treatment of people because of their race

Tribalism – discrimination on basis of ethnic group

Crime – an offence against state, normally settled in court. It’s antisocial behavior causing disorder.

Causes of crime (Why people commit crime)

  1. Poverty
  2. Public mistrust for law enforces
  3. Lack of parental guidance
  4. Wide gap between the rich and the poor
  5. Greed for power, money
  6. Materialism
  7. Drug and substance abuse

Sexism

– Discrimination against people because of gender

– Women are discriminated in areas such as jobs, no promotion for women, oppression of women at home, cultural values demeaning the status of women, wife beating / men beating, female genital mutilation (FGM) early children marriages etc.

Remedies to social disorder

1) Rehabilitation for drugs users / abusers

2) Punishment for offenders of crime

Forms of punishment

– Imprisonment

– Payment of fines

– Corporal punishment

– Probation

– Being assigned community work

– Being placed under house arrest

– Learning in approved schools, Juvenile homes

3) Equitable distribution of national resources

– Develop marginalized areas

– Create jobs

4) Campaign against drug abuse

5) The public to use hot lines to report crime to police

6) Preach against racism, tribalism, and preach equality, freedom and interaction with all people

7) People to be sensitized to appreciate and respect different ethnics groups

Promote national unity through education /cultural programmes

9) Creation of more national schools so as to have students from all backgrounds

10) Encourage domestic tourism

11) Enlighten women on their rights

12) Employment on merit

13) Rich countries to share wealth with the poor

ROLE OF CHRISTIANS IN TRANSFORMING THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL LIFE OF THE SOCIETY

Transformation is to completely change the attitude, character, and well being of the society

  1. a) Christian participation in the social life

– Christians are involved in the preaching of the gospel in many places in the country. They use print and electronic media to spread the gospel.

– Christians have shown concern for the destitute and victims of violence in the society by building homes for them and providing them with food and clothing.

– Christians run schools, vocational institutions, and universities providing educational services

– Christians offer medical services to the society

– They speak openly against sexual immorality, murder, bribery, corruption, abortion etc.

– They show compassion to those in need the poor, HIV / AIDS orphans, widows, widowers, aged etc.

– They offer guidance and counseling to dysfunctional families (the pastors, those trained to do counseling – almost all pastors get a training in guidance and counseling)

  1. b) Christians participation in the political life

– Christians participate in the political life by advocating for fair distribution of wealth

– They offer prayers for government, political leaders

– They exercise their right by voting

– They also participating in the political life by standing up for elections (Vying for elections)

  1. c) Christian participation in economic life

– Christians participate in economic life by paying taxes to the government

– By contributing in collection of funds for construction of churches, schools, hospitals

– They invest in business that promotes their own development as well as the development of the country.

– They provide financial resources in order to assist others to start economic activities or self employment

– They discourage business practices such as using faulty scales, hiking of prices cheating in business etc and encourage proper acquisition of wealth

  1. d) THE CHURCH – STATE RELATIONSHIP

The government and the church interact at various levels and in different areas

  1. a) Religious leaders give advice to the state
  2. b) The church speaks against corruption, robbery, rape, abortion, vices which the government is fighting
  3. c) The church is the conscience of the state
  4. d) Both educate the citizens on the constitution and their rights
  5. e) The church preaches peace, love, unity, order
  6. f) The state needs support of the church in mobilizing citizens to adopt government policies
  7. g) Both are involved in rehabilitation of prisoners
  8. h) The church builds schools and other institutions that supplement government institutions.
  9. i) The church is involved in formulation of educational curriculum.

However the church differs with government on various issues such as

  1. a) Use of condoms (Some churches opposed to this)
  2. b) Use of live bullets by the law enforces when curbing riots
  3. c) Fight on corruption a thorn to the church since state leaders are involved
  4. d) Issue of death penalty – church been fighting against death penalty to convicts
  5. The government lifted the death penalty as a form of punishment in the year 2009.

Revision questions

  1. State ways in which Christians can promote peace/unity in the society
  2. Why should Christians take part in voting?

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO SELECTED ISSUES RELATED TO MODERN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

DEFINITIONS

Science – subject field that deals with a systematic study of our surroundings and behavior of materials in the universe

It is based on observation, experimentation and measurement.

Technology – application of science to achieve desired objectives.

Environment – our surroundings – both natural and human made i.e. mountains, lakes, land, forests, animals, buildings, flowers etc

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Ways science and technology has improved human lives:

1) Improvement of crop production – a quality seeds, fertilizers leading to improved yields

2) Better nutrition, health care, medical services

3) Improvement of livestock production through artificial insemination, quality medicine leading to more milk production.

4) It has led to development of efficient means of transport – land, air, seas

5) Work has been made easier and enjoyable. There is use of machines, automation, and use of computers.

6) People’s lives have been spared, saved e.g. through life saving machines (ICU), incubators

7) Business transactions are being done through the internet

Communication has been made easy – fax, email, short text messages on mobile phones etc

9) Research is ongoing for incurable diseases i.e. HIV / AIDS, cancer

10) There is better management of environment

11) Technology has made the world a global village

12) Through family planning methods, it’s easier to control population growth

13) There’s a better security system through use of scanners, alarms, electrified fences etc.

14) Improvement of learning through e–learning

15) There’s easier movement from one country to another

Negative effects of science and technology

  1. People use medicine to commit suicide
  2. Increase of crime, fraud and death through modern means of communication
  3. Destruction of family relationships
  4. Breakdown of community names, values morals, breakdown of family-es
  5. Terrorism
  6. Greed for money / materialism
  7. Unemployment – replacement of personnel by machines
  8. Health hazards such as accidents in factories
  9. Pollution, air poisoning

CHRISTIAN VIEW ON ISSUES RELATED TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

  1. Euthanasia
  2. Blood transfusion
  3. Organ transplant
  4. Genetic engineering
  5. Plastic surgery

Euthanasia

It’s a Greek word, which means an easy and painless death. It is ‘mercy killing’ ending a person’s life so as to alleviate them from experiencing pain.

Its practiced with the sick person’s knowledge

It is involuntary when it’s practiced against or without the sick person’s consent

It’s done by

  1. a) Injecting an overdose of sleeping pills to the sick person
  2. b) Switching off life support machine
  3. c) Exposing the person with chronic pneumonia to very cold air.

Christians view on Euthanasia

Christians are opposed to euthanasia for several reasons such as

  1. a) Life is sacred; a gift from God and only God can take away human life
  2. b) Suffering is part of human life
  3. c) Euthanasia is against medical ethos, which demands that doctors and nurses work for the sustenance of human life and alleviation of suffering but not to terminate it.
  4. d) Jesus has power over sickness and through his name all sickness are healed
  5. e) Accepting euthanasia discourages medical research on vaccines that may cure various diseases.
  6. f) Euthanasia discourages patients and makes them to lose hope in life. They may feel unwanted and rejected.

 

 

Blood transfusion

– It’s the process of injecting a person’s blood into another person through his/her veins. The giver is a donor the receiver is a recipient.

Reasons for blood transfusion

  1. When a person is suffering from acute anemia (little blood in the body) low blood level.
  2. To restore blood lost during fatal accidents, wars, or childbirth
  3. To maintain blood levels for patients undergoing major operations
  4. To correct the low hemoglobin level of some patients

5 Blood has to be screened for any diseases, and then kept in blood bank after determining the blood group. The transfusion should be in a hygienic way. The equipment used should be sterilized

  1. Donors should not be below 16 years or above 65 years

Alternatives to blood transfusion

  1. a) Volume expanders – increase fluid levels in the body
  2. b) Growth factors – intra operative / post operative
  3. c) Blood salvage – same blood when on surgery is saved then transfused back to the patient

Christian view on blood transfusion

  1. a) Some Christian’s believe it is wrong to take blood from a healthy person and transfuse it to another person.
  2. b) Blood is life and life cannot be taken from one person to another
  3. c) Blood transfusion is essential as it saves life
  4. d) Blood transfusion can transmit dangerous diseases like HIV / AIDS and Hepatitis B
  5. e) God has given Christians the intelligence and capability to make the right decision and choice

Organ transplant

– This is the removal of a defective organ and replacing it with a healthy one. Body organs transplanted are kidneys, heart and eyes small intestines, pan crease.

– The purpose is to replace the damaged organ of a recipient

– Common transplants are the heart, kidney, eyes from living and the dead (heart) within a span of hours. Eyes can be transplanted from animals.

Christian view on organ transplant

  1. a) It saves life hence acceptable to some
  2. b) Its transferring human life from one person to another
  3. c) It’s wrong to transplant from animals – view by some Christians
  4. d) Some support organ transplant by referring to the story of creation of Eve from parts of Adam
  5. e) It is part of human beings continuing with the creation work of God.
  6. f) It is an expression of love and concern for those suffering as taught by Jesus Christ.

Genetic engineering

– It’s a scientific technique used by scientists to change the biological characteristics of living organisms by deliberately altering the structure of individual genes.

– There are genetically modified foods, genetically engineered seeds, test tube babies, human clones, and genes of human insulin.

Human cloning

This is a form of genetic engineering. It’s a creation of genetically identical copy of a human being, human cell.

Twins are a form of natural cloning

There’s therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning (human cloning)

Therapeutic cloning is when cells from an adult are used in creating medicine or for research

Reproduction cloning is the making of human beings

More than 90% of cloning has failed.

Animals cloned have died young, had cancers or arthritis.

Human cloning is illegal worldwide

Genetic cells are used to treat Alzheimer, heart attack, cancer

Test tube babies are different from human cloning. Test tube babies are where the egg and sperm is fused together outside the body.

In cloning, a needle like device is used to draw out the cells from an embryo, then preserved using chemicals, then put in a womb/uterus to grow. Some do not need a sperm cell; they use other body cells for fertilization.

Reasons for advocating human cloning

Can clone people whose genetic composition is of a genius, people with special abilities or talents

Can be able to bring, revive back great extinct characteristics.

Those who support it believes it can reduce immorality

Reasons against human cloning

  1. God is the sole creator. Cloning takes the place of God.
  2. It de –humanizes human beings purpose of human reproduction
  3. It destroys uniqueness of each individual (Cloning is an exact copy)
  4. It can be abused and used to create antisocial people (rapists, thieves)
  5. May create deformed people
  6. Its un-ethical, immoral experiment. Its destruction of the embryo hence abortion
  7. 95% of clones have failed (animal) most animals died
  8. It’s illegal
  9. Closed animals died of cancer, had arthritis, deformities and an early death
  10. Cloning may bring a destructive copy of humans

Advantages of genetic engineering

  1. Implanting genes that are diseases free in people, plant and animals could prevent diseases.
  2. Genetic crops yield more
  3. Helps to determine the biological parent in case of dispute on babies (DNA)
  4. Helps to increase disease resistance in crops and altering animal traits in plants and animals
  5. Assists in classifying blood during screening before it’s transfused to another person.

 

 

 

Christian view of genetic engineering

  1. Christians support genetic engineering that is beneficial to human beings e.g. Cure of genetic diseases, production of drugs, plant and animals
  2. Human beings are made in God’s image and are loved by God with or without defects.
  3. The dignity of the human being is eroded or disregarded and should be upheld.
  4. Christians oppose cloning and test tube babies
  5. it’s against God’s will or teaching

Plastic surgery

– It’s to change or mould the shape of something, to enhance or restore an area of the body

– It’s repairing or improving of damaged, diseased or unsatisfactory shaped parts of the body with pieces of skin or bone taken from other parts of the body.

– Skin grafting is the most common type of plastic surgery

– Plastic surgery is done on cleft lips i.e. cosmetic surgery, breast surgery – reduction or enlargement, surgery done to look younger.

Reasons for plastic surgery

– It can help restore ones confidence or self – esteem

– It enhances beauty, attractiveness or youthfulness

– It enhances a person’s life and can be a life changing procedure

– It may help a person to get a new job

Disadvantages

– Its expensive

– Can lead to transmission of diseases

Christian views on plastic surgery

– Some support it, as it has some benefits

– Some Christian oppose plastic surgery in order to look younger

– Some argue that some people do it because of a lack of self – acceptance, low self esteem hence should work on such issues first.

THE CHRISTIAN VIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE ENVIRONMENT (POLLUTION, DESERTIFICATION)

In Genesis 1, man was given the responsibility of taking care of the environment

Ways of taking care of the environment

  1. Cleaning up the environment, clean up rivers
  2. Educating people on the importance of conservation
  3. Dispose industrial wastes properly
  4. Enforce use of environment – friendly fuel (unleaded fuel)
  5. Factory owners to supply protective wear to factory workers
  6. Planting of trees and flowers
  7. Establishing airports, industries, and disco clubs away from residential areas.
  8. Advocate for laws to be passed to minimize noise from vehicles, aircrafts, and entertainment centers.
  9. Waste to be managed through

Reuse e.g. bottles

Recycle plastic bottles to be recycled to plastic bins, old newspapers to be recycled to tissue papers.

Recover – burning waste products to produce electricity

Waste can be managed to reduce use of ‘Throw away’ goods e.g. batteries to use of electricity.

POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS

Its introduction into the environment of substances or energy that is liable to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological systems

In simple terms pollution is the contamination of the environment.

Substances that cause pollution are called pollutants. Some of the pollutants include;

Industrial affluent

Pesticides

Insecticides

Fertilizers

Ultra – violet rays from nuclear plants

Dust

Smoke

Noise

Waste heat

Exhaust gases from automobiles

Types of pollution

  1. a) Water pollution
  2. p) Air pollution
  3. q) Land pollution
  4. r) Radiation pollution
  5. s) Sound pollution (noise)

Water pollution

This is the increase of substances in water in excess of its rightful chemical components thus making it unsuitable for human, animal or plant use.

– Disposing domestic and industrial waste into rivers, lakes, seas etc pollutes water.

– Disposing agricultural chemicals pesticides into water bodies.

– Oil spilling into waters

– Poor sanitation bathing or washing clothes in rivers or dams

Effects of water pollution

  1. Causes diseases, which are communicable such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery.
  2. Leads to death of marine life – birds (Flamingo) fish by oil spills
  3. Mercury (metal) leads, silver are poisonous. They kill organisms.
  4. Water becomes unfit for human consumption

Air pollution

– Presence of contaminants in the atmosphere caused by

  1. Smoke
  2. Fumes
  3. Dust – from mines, quarries

– When there is an increased level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that’s pollution

– Other major atmospheric pollutants include gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), and sulphur dioxide (SO2)

– Nitrogen Oxide (NO) i.e. fumes from vehicles, aircrafts, and industries

Effects

(i) Leads to diseases such as bronchitis, asthma

(ii) Leads to depletion of the Ozone layer leading to ultra – violet rays of the sun penetrating to the earth causing skin cancer, cataracts (eye problems), and low plant yields.

(iii) Causes rusting of roofs

(iv) Causes acid rains

(v) Carbon dioxide (02) in the atmosphere has led to global warming.

(vi) Formation of smog (thick fog), which can lead to accidents.

(vii) Colored rain due to large amounts of dust in the atmosphere

(viii) Eyesight loss due to gas leakages from industrial plants.

Land pollution

Land pollution is any physical or chemical alteration to land, which causes change in its use and renders it incapable of beneficial use without treatment.

– Improper or excessive use of insecticides, pesticides makes land acidic

– Land is also polluted by improper disposal of waste / garbage, broken glasses.

Effects

(i) Waste is an eye sore spoiling the beauty of the environment

(ii) Broken glass can lead to injuries

(iii) Open mining leaves pits, which are a danger to people and animals.

Noise pollution

– Experienced especially in urban centers, near roads, running water, mining areas, airports, music from bars, nightclubs etc.

– An instrument called sound meter measures noise. The lowest unit is O Decitel, which is okay. More than 80 decibels is harmful to the ear.

Noise over 80 decibels can cause (effects)

– Deafness, hearing problems

– Psychological disorders – frustrations, irritation

– Insomnia

– Shock due to sudden noise

– Cracking of walls

Noise can be minimized by

Construction of sound proof buildings

Location of residential areas away from industries, airports, bars, main roads

Banning of unnecessary hooting, playing of loud music in public vehicles

Installing silencers in generators

Education people on the effects of noise pollution

Pollution caused by radiation

Mainly in developed countries

-Atomic explosions e.g. Hiroshima / Nagasaki in Japan in 1945. The side effects of mutations of born children. Some children born with deformi-ties. The radiation caused chromosome mutations. Some mutations on the cells of the parent / grandparents.

Nuclear power stations also a danger

Medical equipment e.g. X ray machines when one is over exposed to these radiations (x – rays) it can lead to development of cancer.

 

DESERTIFICATION

This is slow encroachment of desert – like a condition to land that was previously productive making it desolate, uncultivatable and uninhabitable. Human activity accelerates creation of deserts.

Causes of deserts

  1. Natural
  2. a) Persistent rains in a semi – arid area
  3. b) Exposure of an area to very high, very cold temperatures
  4. c) Inadequate rainfall for a long period of time
  5. Human

Human activities that lead to desertification are

(i) Cutting down of trees (deforestation) for land use such as building, industries, and not replacing them.

(ii) Use of water from wells to irrigate land. Its harmful especially salty water – salt on soil salination is toxic to soils.

(iii) Incorrect use of pesticides and fertilizers destroy soil nutrients.

(iv) Industrialization – industries emit carbon dioxide (CO2) leading to formation of acid rain, which leads to unproductive land hence desertification

(v) Overgrazing especially among the pastoralist communities

(vi) Poor farming methods like cultivation on riverbanks and slopes, which causes soil erosion, leading to desertification.

SOLUTIONS TO DESERTIFICATION

Land can be restored through the following ways;

(i) Removal of people, livestock from certain areas e.g. forests

(ii) Installation of good drainage systems

(iii) Reduction of water logging / salination

(iv) Use of alternative sources of fuel such as wind, solar, biogas instead of cutting down trees to use as fuel (charcoal)

(v) Advocate for penalties to those who pollute the environment – factories

(vi) Replace trees that are cut down

(vii) Build water storage facilities to store rain water then use it for irrigation

(viii) Educate people on the importance of the environment

(ix) Use of manure instead of harmful fertilizers

Emulate Prof. Wangari Maathai implanting trees – 8th October 2004 she was awarded the Nobel peace prize, an international award, for her efforts in preserving the environment.

Revision questions

  1. How can modern Christians evaluate scientific and technological discoveries?
  2. Why is the church in Kenya opposed to plastic surgery?
  3. How has science and technology improved human life?
  4. What are the consequences of science and technology in our society?

 

C.R.E. – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

TOPIC ONE

CHRISTIAN ETHICS

Q1. What is the meaning of Christian Ethics?

This is the study of human conduct or behavior.

It is about how Christians make choices in their daily lives guided by Christian principles and value.

Q2. What is the basis or sources or foundation of Christian Ethics?

The Bible/Biblical scripture (holy)

The natural law

Human experience and reason

The Christian community – preachers

Situation Ethics

Secular/Civil Law

Q3. List the basic life skills that one needs to be able to lead a better life

(a) Critical thinking

(b) Creative thinking

(c) Decision – making

(d) Self-esteem

(e) Assertiveness

TOPIC TWO

MALE/FEMALE RELATIONSHIPS

Q1. Explain seven Christian teachings on male/female relationships

Male/female were created as equal human beings: created in the image and likeness of God.

Male/female created for companionship, help/ partners/ complements each other.

Both are co-creator with God – done through procreation.

Union between both is consummated in marriage.

Relationship is based on love and respect/chastity.

Man/husband is the head of the family.

Each man to have his own wife and wife own husband.

Husband and wife should not deny each other conjugal rights.

Youth should abstain from sex until marriage.

Male/female body is temple of the Lord.

Short periods of abstinence are allowed among married people but with consent from each other.

Christians appreciate different roles of men and women in the church e.g. leadership in choir for women and men.

TOPIC THREE: HUMAN SEXUALITY

Q1. Explain the Traditional African understanding of human sexuality

Human sexuality is regarded as sacred and secret in many African communities.

The sacredness of sex is related to the power to transmit life – procreation.

It is taboo to discuss sex matters freely especially in the presence of children.

Grandparents who are free from any tying job teach sex education.

Young people are prepared for adult life in the context of age group e.g. games of sexual nature take place within an age group. The age group has control of each other and there is no sex whatsoever.

During initiation ceremonies, vigorous sex education is provided to the initiates.

They are taught about sex, its secrets and the mystery of manhood and womanhood.

Girls are expected to remain virgins

Rape offenders are severely punished.

Boys and girls are not allowed to mix.

Division of labor is on the basis of sex.

Roles of boys and girls are taught from childhood e.g. by copying their parents.

Q2. Explain Christian attitude towards human sexuality

Sex is sacred.

Man and woman are equal before God.

It is for procreation.

Man and woman are complimentary.

Both were created in the image of God.

They became one in marriage.

Sex is only allowed in marriage.

Virginity is valued.

Human beings have the ability to control sexual desires.

Chastity is a virtue.

All forms of irresponsible sexual behavior are condemned.

Q3. In what ways is sex abused in Kenya?

 By practicing fornication/sex before marriage.

Adultery – sex outside marriage

Through prostitution

By practicing bestiality

Through homosexuality/lesbianism/gayism

Incest

Rape/defilement of minors

Masturbation

Pornographic literature – using of technological devices in sex

Q4. Why do you think minors are defiled or sexually abused in Kenya daily?

Lack of self-control among some men

Drugs and drug abuse

Permissiveness in society

Influence from the mass media

Mental illness – mad people

Erosion of the African culture/moral values

Devil worship/strange cults/false religion

Breakdown of religion values

Irresponsible parenthood

Indecent dressing

Leniency of the Law/no punishment for criminal

Idleness

Poverty

Responsible Sexual Behavior

Q 5 what is the Christian teaching on responsible sexual behavior?

Responsible sex is between male and female.

Sexual intercourse is allowed between married people.

Faithfulness is a virtue in this: Both partners must avoid adultery.

Responsible sexual behavior means exercising self-control.

It entails obedience to God’s commands hence a Christian has to shun forbidden sexual behavior e.g. fornication.

Body temple of the Lord, Our sexual relationships should uphold human dignity and respect for our bodies.

The Bible teaches that whatever we do with our bodies should be for the glory of God (1 Cor. 7:19-20).

Q6. List the difference types of irresponsible sexual behavior

  • Homosexuality (lesbianism, sodomy)
  • Bestiality
  • Masturbation
  • Rape
  • Incest
  • Prostitution
  • Fornication
  • Abortion

Q7. Explain the Christian teaching on responsible sexual behavior

It defiles the body, which is the temple of God.

It is wickedness.

It is unholy and dirty before God.

It is spiritually unclean.

Those involved break the commandment of God.

It involves coveting – a sin.

Polygamy is condemned and considered irresponsible.

Q8. State the effects of irresponsible sexual behavior

It can lead to sexually transmitted diseases (AIDS).

Can lead to pregnancy and then abortion.

If married people are involved (adultery) divorce may occur.

Separation

Children suffer lack of parental care due to divorce as a result of adultery.

It may lead to street children.

It discourages young people from marrying.

It can lead to fights, quarrels, misunderstanding and friction.

Young people can chop out of school due to pregnancy/AIDS.

Can lead to single parenthood.

Withdrawing from family and society

Self-pity and loneliness

Psychological problems e.g. depression

Stress

Suicide and death

Unwanted/unexpected pregnancies

Aggressiveness and violence

LESSON THREE: THE FAMILY

Q5. State the different types of families

Nuclear family

Single parent family

Polygamous

Extended

LESSON TWO: MARRIAGE

Q1. Explain the Traditional African understanding of marriage

Marriage is viewed as the focus of existence, i.e. the point where the three members of the community meet (i.e. living, departed and the unborn).

A rhythm of life through which everybody must participate

Marriage is a duty/a must/compulsory

Failure to marry means the person has rejected society and the society rejects him in turn.

Those who do not marry are considered as sub-human or lawbreakers.

Marriage is God ordained.

Young boys and girls are prepared for this sacred institution during initiation.

They are taught everything pertaining to marriage e.g. sex.

Children cement the marriage.

Q2. What is the importance of children in Traditional African Society?

They help their parents at old age.

Cement a marriage: One without children is considered incomplete.

Children (boys) provide security at home and the community.

They help in the perpetuation of the family and community name.

The departed are reborn through naming of children.

Provide labor

It is through children that (new) members meet and get to know each other. Young children are introduced to their relatives e.g. during initiation, marriage etc.

Children uphold the statue of parents.

Q3. What is the Christian teaching about marriage?

The church defines marriage as a covenant.

The Bible teaches that marriage is a divine institution.

Marriage is for procreation.

Marriage is for companionship.

It is for fulfillment of mutual love.

Marriage is a remedy against sin – fornication.

It should be monogamous.

Marriage should be permanent – no divorce.

Without or with children marriage is complete.

Sex outside marriage is forbidden.

Q4. What is the importance of courtship period in Traditional African Societies?

It helped in identifying a suitable marriage partner.

The two families involved established a firm relationship.

The boy and the girl had a chance to learn each other’s character.

It gives an opportunity to know whether the boy and girl are related.

Allows time for exchange of gifts between the two families, thus a firm relationship is established.

Time to negotiate the bride-wealth

Boy and girl are instructed about their duties and responsibilities.

Q5. Why are many people opting for celibacy instead of marriage today?

Celibacy is used to refer to the unmarried.

Many remain single today because of Christianity – to serve God.

Some are born Eunuchs – cannot father children.

Education – one may want to pursue education

Career demands – too demanding to allow one get time for a family.

Lack of guidance and counseling on marriage and family

Discouragement from failing marriages

Economic reasons – one may not have money for a big house, wedding and bringing up a family.

Poor health e.g. epilepsy

Economic independence – whereby young people feel satisfied when they have enough money

Parental interference – or whom their son should marry.

Disappointing relationships

CHAPTER SIX

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK

Q1. What is work?

Answer

Work means any human activity, be it manual, intellectual or both.

Q2. List any six reasons why people work

People work for self-satisfaction and fulfillment

For personal development

In order to acquire basic needs of life

To give life meaning, direction and dignity.

To provide service for the community.

To acquire wealth and status in the community.

In order to socialize and grow as a member of a community

To attain independence and stop depending on others.

In order to help others e.g. beggars.

Q3. Explain the Traditional African attitude towards work

Work was understood as a fundamental dimension of human existence here on earth.

It is through work that human beings were able to change, reorganize and restructure their society.

It was regarded as a recreational activity as through it, people built their houses, places of worship, produced art like sculpture and carving.

Work was highly valued and the dignity of work was taught early in life.

Each member had his own role to play e.g. men went out to hunt, herd etc accompanied with boys while mother did house work with the help of daughters.

Grandparents taught the youth how to behave and baby seated.

They believed work was God’s will and so they invoked God’s name through prayer, sacrifice to bless their work.

They had freedom over their work. No supervision. They decided when to work, when to rest but rest came after work.

Work was related to leisure, for people sang, danced and told stories as they worked.

Through work, many people exploited talents or learned e.g. building houses, song etc.

All were workers – work was compulsory.

Work brought people together – solidarity. This is because they shared work (communal work).

Q3. List some of the factors that have changed the attitude towards work in the modern society

Level of education – determine the type of work.

Availability of job opportunities

Stiff competition

Work is personal unlike in Traditional African Communities where it was social.

Negative attitude to work, this is where some people hate manual work.

People work for personal gain and gratification

Work is a commodity to be sold to the highest bidder.

Q4. What are the rights of employers?

They have a right to a fair taxation in their business.

Get profits from their business.

Have association with other employers

Expect loyalty form their employees.

Receive from their employees work input as agreed upon on the employment contract.

Operate without being black mailed by trade unions.

Open business ventures without Government restrictions.

Q5. State the duties of employees

To carry out their duties to the best of their ability without supervision e.g. is punctual, present etc.

To respect and protect the property of the employer.

To resort to peaceful means of solving problems, and not destructive ways e.g. strike.

To work diligently for self – fulfillment and development

To respect the employer and fellow employees.

Q6. Why has child labor become common in Kenya?

Definition: – This is the employment of children on a full time basis.

Reasons:

Their labor is cheap.

They are not union sable and can therefore not fight for proper terms and conditions of service.

They can easily be lured and fired.

They do not have qualifications in any skill so as to negotiate for their terms.

They are looked at as a source of income by their parents or guardians.

Q7. What are the causes of unemployment in Kenya?

High population – There are too few job opportunities as compared to the many young people.

Hatred for manual work – many youth are looking for white-collar jobs despising the available “blue jobs.”

Bribery and corruption – In the job market whereby the rich are able to give while the poor though with good qualifications cannot secure a job.

Lack of skills and capital to start self-employment

Bad governance and poor economic policies from the government

SAPS – Structural Adjustment of Programmes i.e. Policy – not giving funds has led to poverty.

International policies of globalization that have affected the agric sector that has been the greatest employer in Kenya

Retrenchment of workers in the Civil Service and Private Sectors

Increase in crime that has aggravated insecurity in the country. This has discouraged local and international investors.

Q8. What can the Government do to reduce unemployment in Kenya?

By creating more job opportunities

By starting more industries

Increase of workers by 10% after every 10 years

Encouraging self-employment whereby loans and space are given

Starting of a school curriculum (8.4.4.) – starting that gears students into blue-collar jobs.

Starting the District Funds for Rural Development = C.D.F.

Stopping rural –urban migration

By Africanisation of jobs – sending away foreign workers

 

 

 

CHAPTER SEVEN

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LEISURE: AND THE USE AND ABUSE OF DRUGS

Q1. Identify five (5) reasons why the taking of alcohol as a way of spending leisure is condemned

It leads to conflicts/quarrels within the family.

Misuse of family resources

May lead to addiction.

Leads to irresponsible sexual behaviors e.g. prostitution, adultery, and fornication

Could lead to loss of income.

May lead to irresponsibility, which leads to accidents such as motor accidents.

Q2. Write down 5 ways in which modern Christian use their leisure time

Organize/attend religious seminars.

Participate in church choir/concerts

Offers services to the aged

Read religious literature e.g. Bible

Keep the church and its environment clean.

Have fellowship with other Christians

Initiate self-help projects to assist the needy.

Provide guidance and counseling to the community.

Preach the word of God

Visit relatives and friends

Be with family members

Listen to Christian preaching/songs on radio

Q3. Give 5 ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family

Drains family resources

Fights in families may occur.

Leads to diseases

Leads to family break-ups/separation/divorce

It reduces one’s capacity to be productive in the family.

Results in making wrong decisions/judgment

Leads to denial of conjugal rights

Leads to loss of religious values

Leads to poor role models for children

Leads to crime/imprisonment

Q4. Identify ways in which Christians can overcome temptations to drug abuse

Practicing self-control

Praying against being tempted.

Seeking guidance and counseling

Avoiding the company of those who misuse drugs

Reading literature on the correct use of drugs

Participating in activities that promote proper use of drugs/healthy activities

Q5. Why is leisure important in the life of Christians?

Gives one time to visit the sick/needy

For dedicating oneself to God/worshiping God

Provide an opportunity to fellowship with others

It allows one to develop the different talents given by God.

It gives one an opportunity to meet new friends/family.

One is able to read the word of God.

Provides an opportunity for one to preach/evangelize

Provides an opportunity to take care of the environment

Provides an opportunity to guide and counsel others and be guided

Provides time to rest to gain lost energy.

Q6. What factors have contributed to the misuse or leisure in Kenya today?

Too much money/wealth/availability of drugs/contraceptives

Inadequate facilities

Lack of proper guidance/education on how to use leisure

Poverty

Inability to make right decisions

Bad company/peer pressure

Watching/reading phonographic materials/negative media

Misunderstanding in families/frustrations

Inability to balance between different activities

Permissiveness

Lack of role models

Idleness/boredom/unemployment

Q7. State the factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today

Poor role models

Stress/depression/rebellion

Peer pressure/curiosity

Irresponsible parenthood

Influence of mass media

Availability of drugs/wealth

Lack of guidance and counseling

Corruption/greed

Poverty

Moral decay/permissiveness in the society

Lack of knowledge/ignorance on use of drugs

Idleness

Urbanization/west culture

CHAPTER EIGHT

CHRISTIAN RESPONSE TO ISSUES RELATED TO WEALTH, MONEY AND POVERTY

Q1. Explain the biblical teaching on wealth

It is a blessing from God.

When wealth comes with responsibility.

Wealth can create a sense of false independence.

It should be acquired in just and honest way.

Wrong attitude to wealth leads to idolatry.

One should seek spiritual wealth, which is permanent and more fulfilling.

It is wrong to discriminate others on basis of material possessions.

Christians should share whatever wealth they have.

Wealth is not supreme good.

Wealth gives people independence so that they do not beg.

Wealth may bring suffering and insecurity.

God is the owner of wealth and people should realize that they are only stewards.

Q2. Discuss the biblical teaching on acquisition and use of wealth

Riches acquired through just and fair means are not condemned.

Even if wealth is acquired through just means it should not be idolized.

Failing to use wealth to glorify God

God is the source of all riches.

Wealth is acquired through obedience to God’s laws.

People ought to take care of their wealth not misuse.

Wealth should be equally distributed and not concentrated in the hands of a few.

Wealth should be used to develop the nation’s infrastructure.

Q3. Explain ways in which people misuse wealth in Kenya today

Indulge in alcohol and drugs

Engaging in immoral practices e.g. prostitution

Gambling which might lead to loss of wealth

Being luxurious/extravagant

Unfair class competition among the wealthy

Using wealth to undermine others e.g. assassination

Using wealth to promote crime

Engaging in risky/dangerous sports or projects e.g. motor racing, wrestling.

Using wealth selfishly/lack of social concern

Using wealth to engage young people into immoral practices e.g. sex tourism.

Q4. Show how misuse of wealth leads to family instability

One may indulge in alcohol/drug abuse at the expense of family needs.

Engage in immorality/extra-marital sexual relations/prostitution

Leads to misunderstanding on how to use wealth/invest

One uses wealth to engage in gambling.

Spoils children/encourages laziness.

Arrogance/pride/showing off

One becomes obsessed with wealth and fails to care for the family love – has no time for the family.

Inheritance squabbles in case of death.

One fails to meet the basic needs for the family.

Q5. Give ways in which Kenyan Government is alleviating levels of poverty

Offering free education

Provision of C.D.F

Allocation of bursary to the needy

Creating and enabling environmental employment in formal and informal sectors (easy access to loans)

Providing market for agricultural products e.g. K.C.C, Cereal Board

Provision of low cost health services

Improving infrastructure e.g. roads, electricity

Providing youth fund through the Ministry of Youth Affairs.

Q6. State the factors that have contributed to high levels of poverty in Kenya today

Geographical factors e.g. adverse climate conditions.

Historical/colonialism and social factors e.g. poor family background

Political instability, which may lead to civil wars

Poor governance

Regional imbalance of natural resources

Low level of technology

Unemployment

Laziness

Over dependence on foreign aid

Abuse of alcohol and other drugs

Lack of formal education hence no employment

 

 

CHAPTER NINE

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LAW, ORDER AND JUSTICE

Q1. State ways in which Christians can promote unity/peach in the society

By reporting criminals to the police

By being good example to others as peacekeepers

Praying for criminals

Building and counseling criminals

Teaching the society the importance of keeping peace

Condemning evil and evildoers

Q2. Why should Christians take part in voting?

They belong to the society and leadership affects them.

It is a God-given duty.

In order to choose righteous leaders who will encourage values/virtues

In order to help reduce bribery and corruption and other vices in the society

CHAPTER 10

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO SELECTED ISSUES RELATED TO MODERN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Q1. How can modern Christians evaluate scientific and technological discoveries?

They should keep in mind that God gave them high-level power of thinking.

Discoveries must be used intelligently to solve man’s problems.

They should not be used as an insult to God who created all things e.g. in things like plastic surgery, test tube babies etc.

Discoveries must be used intelligently to solve man’s problems.

Discoveries should not erode Christian values by increasing man’s trust in scientific and technological production.

Acknowledge God as the source of all truth including science

Should help man make moral decision and judgments e.g. effect of alcohol, smoking, etc.

Man should not be a slave to scientific discoveries instead he should control it.

Q2. Why is the church in Kenya opposed to plastic surgery?

It is against God’s plan of old age and death.

It is a sign of lack of appreciation to God’s work of creation.

It can lead to death if the operation fails.

It interferes with God’s image given at birth.

May be very expensive.

Emphasis on beauty and pleasing which are seen as idolatry

Certain diseases can be transmitted especially where tissues may be detached from a donor with an infectious disease.

Can bring about other operations like diseases.

Scientists use it to compete with God’s creation.

Leads to vices such as pride

It may lead to criminal activities by the victim due to different appearances.

It is a sign of lack of faith in God’s power of creation/healing.

It is against human dignity.

Q3. How have science and technology improved human life?

Modern methods of transport and communication have improved social interaction and faster movements.

It has improved efficiency at work where machines are used.

Has improved agricultural development hence increasing food production.

Irrigation and wealth forecasting have too increased in food production.

It has brought better health care through modern medical technology.

Human beings are now better placed in terms of security matters by use of radar, alarms and electrical fencing.

It has led to the creation of job opportunities through industrial development.

Formal education and training has equipped human beings with new skills for survival.

Trade has been promoted through the use of computers and the Internet.

Q4. What are the consequences of science and technology in our society today?

Unemployment is acute in our society today because computers have taken over.

There is exploitation of workers by the employers because they want maximum profits.

It has caused pollution and air poisoning.

It has caused health hazards and accidents in factories, roads etc.

Machines have replaced human labor.

Families are separated due to employment whereby a mother lives in the rural with children while the father goes to town to work.

It has destroyed family relationships and replaced it with individualism

History KNEC Syllabus

Here is the Kenya National Examinations Council, Knec, History Syllabus.

311 HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT SYLLABUS 

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the course the learner should be able to:
1. recognize and appreciate the importance of studying History and Government;
2. acquire knowledge, ability and show appreciation for critical historical analysis of socio-economic and political organization of African societies;
3. understand and show appreciation of the rights, privileges and obligations of oneself and others for promotion of a just and peaceful society;
4. promote a sense of nationalism, patriotism and national unity;
5. encourage and sustain moral and mutual social responsibility;
6. identify, assess and appreciate the rich and varied cultures of the Kenyan people and other peoples;
7. promote a sense of awareness and need for a functional democracy of the Kenyan people and other nations;
8. promote an understanding and appreciation of intra-national and international consciousness and relationships;
9. derive through the study of History and government an interest in further learning;
10. appreciate the importance of interdependence among people and among nations
11. identify, assess and have respect for different ways of life influencing development at local, national and international levels;
12. demonstrate the acquisition of positive attitudes, values, and skills for self reliance;
13. acquire appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes as a basis for technological and industrial development;
14. promote patriotism and national unity.

1.0.0 INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

1.1.0 Specific objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of the term ‘History’;
b) explain the meaning of the term ‘Government’;
c) identify the sources of information on History and Government;
d) explain the importance of studying History and Government.
1.2.0 Content
1.2.1 The meaning of History 1.2.2 The meaning of Government. 1.2.3 Sources of information on History and Government. 1.2.4 Importance of studying History and Government. 2.0.0 EARLY MAN 2.1.0 Specific Objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the origin of man;
b) identify the stages through which man evolved during the Stone Age Period;
132
c) Describe the cultural and economic practices of early man (old, middle and new stone Age).
2.2.0 Content
2.2.1 Origin of man.
2.2.2 Evolution of man.
2.2.3 Cultural and economic practices of early man (old, middle and new stone age) 3.0.0 DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE 3.1.0 Specific Objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify the factors that led to the development of early agriculture;
b) explain the development of agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia;
c) describe the Agrarian Revolution in Britain and the USA;
d) identify the causes of food shortages in Africa and the interest of the Third World;
e) discuss the effects and remedies of food shortages in Africa and the rest of the Third World.
3.2.0 Content
3.2.1 Development of early agriculture.
3.2.2 Early agriculture in:
a) Egypt
b) Mesopotamia.
3.2.3 The Agrarian Revolution in:
a) Britain
b) U.S.A.
3.2.4 The food situation in Africa and the rest of the Third World.
4.0.0 THE PEOPLES OF KENYA UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY
4.1.0 Specific objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) state the origins of the Bantu, Nilotes and Cushites;
b) trace and describe the migration and settlement of the Bantu, Nilotes and Cushites;
c) discuss the results of the migration and settlement of the people of Kenya;
4.2.0 Content
Origin, migration and settlement of the people of Kenya
a) Bantu
i. Western Bantu ii Eastern Bantu
b) Nilotes
i River – Lake Nilotes ii Plains Nilotes iii Highland Nilotes
c) Cushites
i Eastern Cushites ii Southern cushites
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4.2.1 Results of the migration and settlement of the people of Kenya.
5.0.0 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF KENYAN SOCIETIES IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
5.1.0 Specific objective:
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to discuss the Social, Economic and Political organisation of the Bantu, the Nilotes and the Cushites.
5.2.0 Content
5.2.1 Bantu: Agikuyu, , Ameru, Akamba, Abagusii, Mijikenda.
5.2.2 Nilotes: Luo, Nandi, Maasai,
5.2.3 Cushites: Borana, Somali
6.0.0 CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY.
6.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify the origin of the early visitors to the East African Coast;
b) explain the development of trade between the East African Coast and
outside World;
c) discuss the effects of the contact between the East African Coast and
outside world;
d) identify reasons for the coming of the Portuguese
e) trace the portuguese conquest of the East African Coast;
f) discuss the decline and effects of the portuguese rule; g) discuss the establishment and impact of Omani rule; h) explain the reasons for the coming of the Christian misssionaries; i) describe missionary activities and challenges; j) discuss the effects of missionary activities. 6.2.0 Content 6.2.1 Early visitors to the East African Coast up to 1500. 6.2.2 Trade between the East African Coast and the outside World
a) Development of the trade
b) Organization of the trade
c) Impact of the trade on the peoples of East Africa.
6.2.3 The coming of the Portuguese
a) Reasons for their coming to East Africa.
b) Their conquest and rule.
c) The decline of Portuguese power.
d) Impact of Portuguese rule.
6.2.4 Establishment and impact of Omani rule.
a) Seyyid Said and the development of plantation agriculture
b) Development, organization and consequences of:
i) Long distance trade
ii) International trade.
6.2.5 The spread of Christianity:
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a) Reasons for the coming of Christian missionaries
b) Missionary activities and challenges
c) Effects of missionary activities.
7.0.0 CITIZENSHIP
7.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) state ways of becoming a Kenyan citizen;
b) state the rights and responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen;
c) discuss the elements of good citizenship.
7.2.0 Content
7.2.1 Kenyan citizenship.
7.2.2 Rights of a citizen.
7.2.3 Responsibilities of a citizen.
7.2.4 Elements of good citizenship.
8.0.0 NATIONAL INTERGRATION
8.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning and importance of national integration;
b) describe factors promoting and limiting national unity;
c) describe the process of resolving conflicts.
8.2.0 Content
8.2.1 National Integration.
a) Meaning.
b) Importance.
8.2.2 National Unity
a) factors promoting national unity.
b) factors limiting national unity.
8.2.3 Conflict Resolution
a) Meaning of the term ‘conflict’.
b) Methods of resolving conflicts.
c) Processes of resolving conflicts.
9.0.0 TRADE
9.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define the term ‘trade’;
b) explain methods of trade;
c) identify types of trade;
d) discuss the origin, development, organisation and impact of different types of trade.
9.2.0 Content
9.2.1 Definition of trade.
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9.2.2 Methods of trade: (a) Barter (b) Currency.
9.2.3 Types of Trade
a) Local trade: i ) Origin, ii) Development, iii) Organization, iv) Impact.
b) Regional trade (Trans Saharan Trade): i) Origin, ii) Development, iii) Organization,
iv) Impact.
c) International Trade (Trans-Atlantic Trade): i) Origin, ii) Development,
iii) Organization, iv) Impact.
1.0.0 DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define the terms trade and communication;
b) explain the traditional and modern means of transport;
c) describe the traditional and modern means of communication;
d) analyse the impact of modern means of transport and communication.
10.2.0 Content
10.2.1 Definitions of transport and communication.
10.2.2 Traditional forms of transport: land and water.
10.2.3 Developments in modern means of transport: Road transport, Rail transport, Water transport, Air transport, Space exploration
10.2.4 Impact of modern means of transport.
10.2.5 Traditional forms of communication: Smoke signals, Drum beats, Messengers, Horning,
Written messages on scrolls and stone tablets
10.2.6 Development in modern means of communication
a) Telecommunication : Telephone and cellphone, , television, Radio, Telegraph, Electronic mail (E-mail), Facsimile transceiver (fax), Telex, Pager, Internet.
b) Print media: Newspapers, Magazines, Journals, Periodicals.
11.0.0 DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY
11.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify early sources of energy;
b) explain the uses of metals in Africa;
c) trace and describe the development of the Industrial Revolution in Europe;
d) discuss the Scientific Revolution and its effects on agriculture, industry and medicine;
e) describe the emergence of selected world industrial powers;
f) explain the development of industrial in the Third World.
11.2.0 Content
11.2.1 Early sources of energy: Wood, wind , water .
11.2.2 Uses of metal in Africa: Bronze, Gold, Copper, Iron.
11.2.3 The Industrial Revolution in Europe.
a) Uses of various sources of energy: Coal, Oil, Steam, Electricity.
b) Uses of iron and steel
c) Industrialization in Britain
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d) Industrialization in Continental Europe
e) Effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe
11.2.4 The Scientific Revolution
a) Scientific inventions
b) Impact of scientific inventions on Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
11.2.5 Emergence of selected World industrial powers: USA, Germany, Japan.
12.0.0 URBANISATION
12.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define the term ‘Urbanization’;
b) describe Early Urbanisation in African and Europe;
c) describe the emergence of modern urban centres in Africa;
d) discuss the impact of agrarian and industrial developments on urbanisation.
12.2.0 Content
12.2.1 Meaning of urbanization.
12.2.2 Early Urbanization in:
a) Africa – Cairo, Merowe/Meroe and Kilwa.
a) Europe – London and Athens
12.2.3 Emergency of modern urban centers in Africa: Nairobi and Johannesburg
12.2.4 Impact of agrarian and industrial development on Urbanization
13.0.0 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
13.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe the social and economic organization of African societies in the 19th
century.
b) discuss the political organization of African societies in the 19th century.
13.2.0 Content
The Social, Economic, and Political organization of African societies with reference to:
13.2.1 The Baganda
13.2.2 The Shona
13.2.3 The Ashanti/Asante.
14.0.0 CONSTITUTION MAKING
14.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify the difference between written and unwritten constitutions.
b) discuss the features of the Independence Constitution of Kenya
c) trace and describe the constitutional changes in Kenya since independence.
14.2.0 Content
14.2.1 Types of constitutions: Written and Unwritten.
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14.2.2 The Independence Constitution of Kenya.
14.2.3 The Kenya constitution
a) Constitution making process
b) Features of the Kenya constitution
c) Constitutional amendments since independence.
15.0.0 DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
15.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define the terms’Democracy’ and ‘Human Rights’;
b) identify types of democracy;
c) discuss the principles of democracy;
d) identify the rights of a child;
e) classify and discuss Human Rights.
15.2.0 Content 15.2.1 Democracy: Definition ,types and Principles of democracy 15.2.2 Human Rights
a) Definition of Human Rights
b) The Bill of Rights
c) U. N. Charter on Human Rights
d) The rights of the child
e) Classification of Human Rights
16.0.0 EUROPEAN INVASION OF AFRICA AND THE PROCESS OF
COLONIZATION.
16.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define the terms ‘scramble’ and ‘partition’;
b) identify the methods used by Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa;
c) discuss the factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa in the 19th Century
d) describe the process of partition;
e) analyse the impact of the partition;
f) discuss the African reaction to European colonization;
16.2.0 Content
16.2.1 The Scramble for and Partition of Africa
a) Definitions of the terms ‘scramble’ and ‘partition’
b) Methods used by Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa
c) Factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa
d) The process of partition
e) Impact of partition
16.2.2 African reactions to European colonization
a) Resistance: Maji Maji, Mandinka – Samori Toure, Ndebele – Lobengula.
b) Collaboration: Baganda, Lozi-Lewanika
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17.0.0 ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA 17.1.0 Specific Objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain factors for European invasion of Kenya;
b) describe the process of British occupation of Kenya;
c) explain African response to British invasion;
d) identify the method of administration in Kenya.
17.2.0 Content
17.2.1 Background to the Scramble and Partition of East Africa.
17.2.2 British occupation of Kenya.
17.2.3 The response of the peoples of Kenya to the British invasion and occupation
a) Resistance: Nandi, Agiryama, Busuku, Somali
b) Collaboration: Maasai, The wanga
c) Mixed Reactions: Akamba, Agikuyu, Luo
18.0.0 COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
18.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to identify and analyse the colonial systems of administration with special reference to:
a) Indirect rule;
b) Direct rule;
c) Assimilation.
18.2.0 Content
18.2.1 Indirect rule: The British in Kenya, The British in Nigeria.
18.2.2 Direct Rule: The British in Zimbambwe (Southern Rhodesia)
18.2.3 Assimilation: The French in Senegal
19.0.0 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE COLONIAL
PERIOD IN KENYA.
19.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the social changes that took place in Kenya during the colonial
period;
b) identify and explain the main economic developments in Kenya during the colonial period.
19.2.0 Content
19.2.1 The Uganda Railway
19.2.2 Settler farming in Kenya
19.2.3 Colonial land policies
19.2.4 Devonshire White Paper
19.2.5 Urbanization
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20.0.0 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPEDENCE IN KENYA (1919 – 1963)
20.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify and explain the origins, organization and effects of political movements in Kenya up to 1939;
b) trace the origins of the independent churches and schools;
c) discuss political organisations and movements up to 1945;
d) describe the role of trade unionism in the struggle for independence;
e) discuss the role of women in the struggle for independence;
f) describe the constitutional changes leading to independence.
20.2.0 Content
20.2.1 Early Political Organizations in Kenya up to 1939
a) East Africa Association
b) Kikuyu Central Association
c) Kavirondo Tax Payers and Welfare Association
d) Ukamba Members Association
e) Coast African Association
f) Taita Hills Association.
20.2.2 Emergence of Independent Churches and Schools.
20.2.3 Political organisations and movements after 1945
a) Kenya African Study Union (K.A.S.U)
b) Kenya African Union (K.A.U)
c) Mau Mau
d) Kenya African National Union (K.A.N.U)
e) Kenya African Democratic Union (K.A.D.U)
f) African Peoples Party (A.P.P)
20.2.4 Trade Union Movement: African Workers Federation and Kenya Federation of Labour 20.2.5 Role of women in the struggle for independence. 20.2.6 Constitutional changes leading to independence
a) African representation in the Legco
b) Lyttleton Constitution
c) Lennox-Boyd Constitution
d) Lancester House Conferences
21.0.0 RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
21.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to discuss the rise and growth of African Nationalism in selected African countries.
21.2.0 Content
21.2.1 Rise and growth of African Nationalism in Ghana, Mozambique and South Africa.
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22.0.0 LIVES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF KENYAN LEADERS 22.1.0 Specific Objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to analyse the lives and contributions of selected Kenyan leaders.
22.2.0 Content
22.2.1 Jomo Kenyatta
22.2.2 Daniel Arap Moi
22.2.3 Oginga Odinga
22.2.4 Tom Mboya
22.2.5 Ronald Ngala
23.0.0 THE FORMATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF KENYA 23.1.0 Specific Objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe the electoral process in Kenya;
b) state the functions of the Electrol Commission of Kenya;
c) explain the process of the formation of government;
d) describe the structure and functions of the three arms of the Government of Kenya;
e) state the functions of the Armed forces, police and prisons departments in Kenya;
f) analyse the challenges facing the police and prisons departments in Kenya;
g) analyse the concepts of the ‘Rule of Law’ and ‘Natural justice’.
23.2.0 Content 23.2.1 Electrol process. 23.2.2 Functions of the Electoral Commission of Kenya. 23.2.3 Formation of Government. 23.2.4 Structure and Functions of the Government of Kenya
a) Legislature: Composition, Functions , Process of law making, Parliamentary Supremacy.
b) The Executive
i. Powers and functions of the President
ii. Composition and functions of the Cabinet
iii. Composition and functions of the Civil Service
iv. Provincial administration
v. Functions of the armed forces, police and prisons department
vi. Challenges facing the police and prisons departments in Kenya
c) The judiciary
i. Chief Justice
ii. Attorney General
iii. Structure and functions of the Court Systems in Kenya
iv. Importance of the Independence of the Judiciary
v. The rule of law
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vi. The concept of Natural Justice
24.0.0 WORLD WARS
24.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the causes, of the First and the Second World Wars;
b) describe the course of the First and the Second World Wars;
c) discuss the results of the First and the Second World Wars;
d) explain the reasons for the formation of the league of Nations;
e) describe the organisation of the league of Nations;
f) analyse the performance of the league of Nations.
24.2.0 Content
24.2.1 The First World War (1914 – 1918) – Causes, Course and Results.
24.2.2 The league of Nations – Formation, Organization, Performance. 24.2.3 The Second World War (1939 – 1945) – Causes, Course and Results. 25.0.0 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS International organizations
25.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) analyse the reasons for the formation of major international organizations;
b) describe the structure of major international organizations;
c) discuss the functions of major international organizations;
d) analyse the performance of major international organisations;
e) discuss the effects of the cold war.
25.2.0 Content
International Organization
25.2.1 The United Nations – Formation, Organisation, Performance and challenges.
25.2.2 The commonwealth – Formation, Membership, Functions and Challenges
25.2.3 The Non-Aligned Movement – Formation, Performance and Challenges.
25.2.4 The cold War (Vietnam, Cuba, Europe and Angola) – Cause, Course and Effects.
26.0.0 CO-OPERATION IN AFRICA
26.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the origin and development of selected regional organizations in Africa;
b) discuss the performance and challenges of the respective organisations.
26.20 Content
26.2.1 Pan-Africanism – Origin, Development and Performance.
26.2.2 Organization of African Unity (OAU) – Formation, Charter, Performance and challenges.
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26.2.3 African Union – Formation , Charter, Performance and Challenges.
26.2.4 Rebirth of the East African Community – 2001 – Formation, Organization, Performance and challenges. 26.2.5 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) – Formation, Organization Performance and challenges.
26.2.6 The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) – Formation, Function, Performance and challenges.
27.0.0 NATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES (KENYA)
27.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the origin and development of National philosophies;
b) analyse the impact of National Philosophies.
27.2.0 Content
27.2.1 African Socialism
27.2.2 Harambee
27.2.3 Nyayoism
27.2.4 Impact of National Philosophies.
28.0.0 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN KENYA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
28.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) discuss the political developments in Kenya since independence;
b) discuss the social and economic developments in Kenya since independence;
c) analyse the political, social and economic challenges in Kenya since Independece.
28.2.0 Content
28.2.1 Political developments
a) Developments from 1963-19991
b) Multi – party democracy in Kenya
c) Challenges of multi-party democracy
d) The role of political parties in Government and nation building.
28.2.2 Economic developments and challenges: Land policies, Industry.
28.2.3 Social developments and challenges: Education, Health, Culture and sports.
29.0.0 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND
CHALLENGES IN AFRICA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
29.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) discuss the political, social and economic developmnets in selected African countries since independence;
b) analyse the political, social and economic challenges in Africa since independence.
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29.2.0 Content
29.2.1 Social Economic and Political developments in selected African countries
a) Democratic Republic of Congo – DRC
b) Tanzania .
29.2.2 Social, Economic and Political challenges in Africa since independence.
30.0.0 LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN KENYA
30.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe types of local authorities in Kenya;
b) discuss the functions of local authorities;
c) analyse the relationship between local authorities and the Central Government;
d) discuss the challenges facing local authorities in Kenya.
30.2.0 Content
30.2.1 Types of local authorities.
30.2.2 Functions of local authorities.
30.2.3 Relationship between local authorities and the central government.
30.2.4 Challenges facing local authorities.
31.0.0 GOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN KENYA
31.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify and discuss sources of government revenue;
b) explain the expenditure of government revenue;
c) discuss how the government controls public finance.
31.2.0 Content
31.2.1 National budget.
31.2.2 Sources of government revenue.
31.2.3 Control of public finance.
32.0.0 THE ELECTORAL PROCESS AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT IN OTHER PARTS OF THE OWRLD.
32.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the electoral process of governments in selected countries;
b) discuss the functions of governments of the respective countries.
32.2.0 Content
32.2.1 USA.
32.2.2 Britain.
32.2.3 India.
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312 – GEOGRAPHY
GENERAL OBJECTIVES By the end of the course, the learner should be able to: 1. appreciate the importance of studying Geography; 2. recognize different types of environments and manage them for individual, national and international development; 3. identify and explain weather phenomena and their influence on the physical environment and human activities; 4. explain land-forming processes and appreciate the resultant features and their influence on human activities; 5. acquire knowledge of available natural resources and demonstrate ability and willingness to utilize them sustainably; 6. identify and compare economic activities in Kenya and the rest of the world; 7. state, interpret, analyse and use Geographical principles and methods to solve problems of national development; 8. apply field-work techniques in studying Geography; 9. acquire knowledge and skills necessary to analyse population issues of Kenya and the world; 10. appreciate the importance of interdependence among people and among nations; 11. identify, assess and have respect for different ways of life influencing development at local, national and international levels; 12. demonstrate the acquisition of positive attitudes, values and skills for self reliance; 13. acquire appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes as a basis for technological and industrial development; 14. promote patriotism and national unity. 1.0.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the terms Geography and Environment;
(b) describe the branches of Geography;
(c) explain the importance of studying Geography;
(d) explain the relationship between geography and other disciplines.
1.2.0 Content 1.2.1 Definition of: (a) Geography and (b) Environment. 1.2.2 Branches of Geography: (a) Physical geography and (b) Human Geography. 1.2.3 Importance of studying Geography. 1.2.4 Relationship between geography and other disciplines. 2.0.0 THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM 2.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the solar system;
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(b) explain the origin of the earth;
(c) explain the effects of rotation and revolution of the earth;
(d) describe the structure of the earth.
2.2.0 Content. 2.2.1 Definition and composition of the solar system. 2.2.2 Origin, shape, size, and position of the earth in the solar system 2.2.3 Rotation and revolution of the earth and their effects. 2.2.4 Structure of the earth – (a) the atmosphere, (b) the hydrosphere, (c) the lithosphere/crust, (d) the asthenosphere/mantle and (e) the barysphere/centrosphere (outer and inner core). 3.0.0 STATISTICAL METHODS 3.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the term statistics;
(b) identify types and sources of statistical data;
(c) identify and describe methods of collecting and recording data;
(d) analyse, interpret and present statistical data using appropriate graphical methods;
(e) explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method of data presentation.
3.2.0 Content 3.2.1 Definition of statistics. 3.2.2 Types of statistical data. 3.2.3 Sources of statistical data 3.2.4 Methods of collecting data. 3.2.5 Methods of recording data. 3.2.6 Analysis of data by working out arithmetic mean, median, mode, percentage, range. 3.2.7 Statistical analyses, interpretation and presentation by use of Line graphs, Bar graphs, Polygraph (combined line and bar graphs), Wind rose, Comparative/group line and bar graphs, cumulative bar graphs, proportional circles, pie charts, divided bars/rectangles, population pyramids and Age-Sex pyramids. 3.2.8 Analysis and interpretation of dot and choropleth maps. 3.2.9 Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each method of data presentation. 4.0.0 FIELD WORK 4.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the term field work;
(b) state different types of field work;
(c) explain the importance of field work;
(d) explain the procedure to be followed during field work;
(e) identify possible problems during field work;
(f) carry out field work within the local environment.
4.2.0 Content 4.2.1 Definition of field work.
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4.2.2 Types of field work. 4.2.3 Importance of field work. 4.2.4 Field work procedure. 4.2.5 Problems likely to be encountered during fieldwork. 4.2.6 Field work within the local environment. 5.0.0 MINERALS AND ROCKS 5.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define minerals and rocks;
(b) state the characteristics of minerals;
(c) classify rocks according to mode of formation;
(d) state the characteristics of rocks;
(e) account for the distribution of major types of rocks in Kenya;
(f) explain the significance of rocks;
(g) identify major types of rocks and their use within the local environment.
5.2.0 Content 5.2.1 Definition of (a) minerals and (b) rocks. 5.2.2 Characteristics of minerals. 5.2.3 Classification of rocks according to mode of formation. 5.2.4 Characteristics of rocks. 5.2.5 Distribution of major types of rocks in Kenya. 5.2.6 Significance of rocks 5.2.7 Field work – Identification of major types of rocks and their uses within the local environment. 6.0.0 INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES 6.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define earth movements;
(b) explain the causes of horizontal and vertical earth movements;
(c) explain the theories of Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics;
(d) define folding, faulting, vulcanicity and earthquakes;
(e) explain the processes of folding, faulting, and vulcanicity;
(f) describe types of folds, faults and forms of vulcanicity;
(g) explain features that result from folding, faulting and vulcanicity;
(h) explain the causes of earthquakes;
(i) describe how earthquakes are measured;
(j) account for the world distribution of earthquake zones, fold mountain systems and features due to faulting and vulcanicity;
(k) explain the significance of the resultant features of folding, faulting, vulcanicity and effects of earthquakes.
6.2.0 Content 6.2.1 Earth Movements (a) Definition
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(b)Types of earth movements – horizontal and vertical movements. (c) Causes of earth movements 6.2.2 Theories of the origins of
(a) Continental drift and
(b) Plate tectonics
6.2.3 Folding
(a) Definition, and processes of folding.
(b) Types of folds
(c) Features resulting from folding.
(d) World distribution of fold mountain systems.
(e) Significance of folding to human activities. 6.2.4 Faulting
(a) Definition, and processes of faulting.
(b) Types of faults.
(c) Features resulting from faulting.
(d) A study of the Great Rift Valley.
(e) World distribution of features formed through faulting.
(f) Significance of faulting to human activities.
6.2.5 Vulcanicity
(a) Definition of vulcanicity.
(b) Types of vucanicity and the resultant features.
(c) World distribution of features formed through vulcanicity.
(d) Significance of vulcanicity to human activities.
6.2.6 Earthquakes
(a) Definition of earthquakes.
(b) Measurement of earthquakes.
(c) Distribution of the major earthquake zones of the world.
(d) Effects of earthquakes.
7.0.0 EXTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES 7.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define weathering, mass wasting, hydrological cycle, river systems, lakes and glaciation.
(b) distinguish between oceans and seas;
(c) describe water movement in oceans and seas;
(d) explain the factors that contribute to the sculpturing of the earth;
(e) explain external land-forming processes and the resultant features;
(f) identify the sources of underground water;
(g) discuss the significance of the resultant physical features to the environment;
(h) carry out field-work of the landforms within the local environment.
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7.2.0 Content 7.2.1 Weathering
(a) Definition of weathering.
(b) Agents of weathering.
(c) Types and processes of weathering.
(d) Significance of weathering to physical and human environments.
7.2.2 Mass Wasting
(a) Definition of mass wasting.
(b) Factors influencing mass wasting.
(c) Types and processes of mass wasting.
(d) Effects of mass wasting on the physical and human environments.
7.2.3 Hydrological cycle
(a) Definition of hydrological cycle.
(b) Process of the cycle.
(c) Significance of the cycle
7.2.4 Action of rivers
(a) Definition of rivers
(b) River erosion, transportation and deposition and the resultant features.
(c) Development of cross and long river profiles.
(d) River capture and rejuvenation.
(e) Drainage patterns.
(f) Significance of (i ) rivers and (ii) river formed features.
7.2.5 Lakes
(a) Definition of the term lake.
(b) Formation and classification of lakes.
(c) Significance of lakes.
7.2.6 Oceans, seas and types of coasts
(a) Distinction between oceans and seas.
(b) Nature of ocean water.
(c) Water movement: meaning , causes and significance of (i) vertical movements and (ii) horizontal movements – ocean currents, tides and waves.
(d) Wave erosion, transportation and deposition, and resultant features.
(e) Types of Coasts.
(f) Significance of oceans, seas, coasts and coastal features.
7.2.7 Action of wind and water in arid areas.
(a) Processes of wind erosion and transportation in arid areas.
(b) Features formed by wind erosion and deposition.
(c) Features formed by water in arid areas.
(d) Significance of features found in arid areas.
7.2.8 Action of water in limestone areas
(a) Sources of underground water.
(b) Formation of features by surface and underground water in limestone areas.
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(c) Significance of the features.
7.2.9 Glaciation
(a) Definition of the term glaciation, glaciers, ice sheets, ice caps and icebergs.
(b) Processes of glacial erosion, transportation and deposition in highland and lowland areas and the resultant features.
(c) Significance of glaciation.
7.3.0 Field work Study of significant land-forming processes within the local environment. 8.0.0 WEATHER AND CLIMATE 8.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) distinguish between weather and climate;
(b) state the elements of weather;
(c) explain the conditions necessary for the sitting of a weather station,
(d) use instruments to measure elements of weather;
(e) analyse and interpret data on weather conditions,
(f) describe the structure and composition of the atmosphere;
(g) explain the factors that influence weather and climate;
(h) describe the characteristics of climatic regions of Kenya;
(i) describe the characteristics of major climatic regions of the world;
(j) account for the causes of aridity and desertification;
(k) explain the effects and possible solutions to aridity and desertification, discuss the causes and impact of climate change on the physical and human environment;
(l) carry out field study on a weather station. 8.2.0 Content 8.2.1 Distinction between weather and climate. 8.2.2 Elements of weather. 8.2.3 Factors to consider in siting a weather station. 8.2.4 Instruments for measuring weather elements. 8.2.5 Recording and calculating weather data. 8.2.6 Structure and composition of the atmosphere. 8.2.7 Weather forecasting. 8.2.8 Factors influencing weather. 8.2.9 Factors that influence climate. 8.3.0 Distribution and characteristics of climatic regions of Kenya and the world. 8.3.1 Causes, effects and possible solutions to aridity and desertification. 8.3.2 Causes and impact of climate change on physical and human environment. 8.2.9 Field work – a study based on a weather station. 9.00 SOILS 9.10 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define soil, soil profile, soil catena, soil degeneration/degradation and soil erosion;
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(b) discuss the composition of soil and the processes of soil formation;
(c) describe the properties and characteristics of soil;
(d) describe soil profile and soil catena;
(e) explain soil degeneration/degradation;
(f) classify soils according to soil orders;
(g) discuss the significance of soils;
(h) discuss ways and means of managing and conserving soil;
(i) identify different types of soils and their uses within the local environment
9.2.0 Content 9.2.1 Definition of soil. 9.2.2 Composition of soil. 9.2.3 Soil forming processes. 9.2.4 Properties and characteristics of soil. 9.2.5 Soil profile and catena. 9.2.6 Soil degeneration/degradation, including soil erosion. 9.2.7 Classification of soils: zonal, intrazonal and azonal. 9.2.8 Significance of soils. 9.2.9 Management and conservation of the soil. 9.3.0 Field work – identification of different types of soils and explanation of uses within the local environment. 10.0.0 VEGETATION 10.1.0 Specific Objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define vegetation;
(b) discuss the factors that influence the distribution of vegetation;
(c) identify and describe the characteristics of major vegetation regions of Kenya and the world;
(d) discuss the significance of vegetation;
(e) identify different types of vegetation and explain their uses within the local environment.
10.2.0 Content 10.2.1 Definition of vegetation. 10.2.2 Factors that influence the distribution of vegetation. 10.2.3 Characteristics of major vegetation regions of Kenya and the World. 10.2.4 Significance of vegetation. 10.2.5 Fieldwork on identification of different types of vegetation and explanation of their uses within the local environment. 11.0.0 MAPS AND MAP WORK 11.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define pictures, plans and maps;
(b) explain the relationships between pictures plans, and maps;
(c) identify types of maps and state their uses;
(d) identify and use marginal information on maps;
(e) identify types and uses of scales;
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(f) determine distances and areas using scales;
(g) distinguish between direction and bearing;
(h) identify traditional and modern methods of locating places and features;
(i) locate places and features on maps using various methods,
(j) describe the different methods of representing relief on topographical maps;
(k) identify and describe physical features and human activities on topographical maps;
(l) enlarge and reduce parts of topographical maps;
(l) draw cross-sections from topographical maps;
(m) calculate and interpret vertical exaggeration and gradient
(n) determine points of intervisibility.
11.2.0 Content 11.2.1 Definition of pictures, plans and maps. 11.2.2 Relationship between pictures, plans and maps. 11.2.3 Types of maps e.g. Atlas maps, topographical maps, and sketch maps. 11.2.4 Uses of maps. 11.2.5 Marginal information. 11.2.6 Map scales:- types of scales, conversion of scales, sizes of scales. 11.2.7 Uses of scales:- estimation and measurement of distance and calculation of areas of regular and irregular shapes. 11.2.8 Distinction between direction and bearing. 11.2.9 Traditional and modern methods of showing direction. 11.3.0 Calculation of bearing 11.3.1 Location of places and features using compass direction, bearing, distance, place names, latitudes and longitudes, grid reference. 11.3.2 Methods of representing relief on topographical maps. 11.3.3 Identification and description of the following in topographical maps:- landforms, vegetation, drainage, economic activities and settlement. 11.3.4 Enlargement and reduction of maps. 11.3.5 Drawing of cross-sections. 11.3.6 Calculation and interpretation of (a) vertical exaggeration and (b) gradient. 11.3.7 Determining intervisibility. 12.0.0 PHOTOGRAPH WORK 12.1.0 Specific objectives. By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) identify types of photographs;
(b) describe parts of a photograph;
(c) estimate sizes of features appearing on photographs;
(d) draw sketches from photographs;
(e) identify and interpret features from photographs.
12.2.0 Content 12.2.1 Types of photographs. 12.2.2 Parts of a photograph. 12.2.3 Interpretation of photographs by estimation of actual sizes of features, sketching from photographs, studying and describing natural and human features and activities on photographs.
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13.0.0 FORESTRY 13.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define forest and forestry;
(b) discuss the factors that influence the distribution and types of natural forests;
(c) discuss the significance of forests and forest products to Kenya;
(d) identify and explain the problems facing forestry in Kenya;
(e) discuss ways and means of managing and conserving forests in Kenya;
(f) compare and contrast softwood forests in Kenya and Canada;
(g) demonstrate the ability to manage and conserve forests and forest resources.
13.2.0 Content 13.2.1 Definition of forest and forestry. 13.2.2 Factors influencing the distribution and types of natural forests. 13.2.3 Importance of forests and forest products to Kenya. 13.2.4 Problems facing forestry in Kenya. 13.2.5 Management and conservation of forests – with specific emphasis on Kenya. 13.2.6 Related study on softwood in Kenya and Canada. 14.0.0 MINING 14.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the term mining;
(b) explain the factors that influence the occurrence of minerals and mining activities;
(c) describe methods of mining;
(d) state the location of the major minerals of East Africa and show them on a map;
(e) explain the significance of locally available minerals in Kenya;
(f) state and account for the problems facing the mining industry in Kenya;
(g) explain the effects of mining on the environment;
(h) describe the occurrence of specific minerals and their exploitation in selected countries.
14.2.0 Content
14.2.1 Definition of mining 14.2.2 Factors influencing the occurrence of minerals and their exploitation 14.2.3 Methods of mining. 14.2.4 Distribution of major minerals in East Africa 14.2.5 Significance of minerals in Kenya. 14.2.6 Problems facing the mining industry in Kenya. 14.2.7 Effects of mining on the environment. 14.2.8 Study of (a) Trona on Lake Magadi in Kenya (b) Gold and diamonds in South Africa and (c) Petroleum in the Middle East.
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15.0.0 AGRICULTURE 15.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define agriculture;
(b) discuss the factors that influence agriculture;
(c) explain types of agriculture;
(d) locate the major cash crop growing areas in a map of Kenya;
(e) discuss the growing of selected cash crops in different countries;
(f) compare and contrast farming practices for selected cash-crops in Kenya and other countries;
(g) discuss pastoral farming in Kenya;
(h) compare and contrast (i) dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark (ii) beef farming in Kenya and Argentina;
(i) carry out fieldwork on agricultural activities in the local environment.
15.2.0 Content 15.2.1 Definition of agriculture. 15.2.2 Factors that influence agriculture. 15.2.3 Types of agriculture. 15.2.4 Crop farming – (a) distribution of major cash crops in Kenya, (b) a study of tea, sugar-cane and maize in Kenya , (c) a study of cocoa in Ghana and oil palm in Nigeria and (d) comparative studies of coffee in Kenya and Brazil, wheat in Kenya and Canada and horticulture in Kenya and the Netherlands. 15.2.5 Livestock farming – (a) pastoral farming in Kenya (b) comparative study of dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark and beef farming in Kenya and Argentina. 15.2.6 Field work – collect, record, analyse, and present data on agricultural activities in the local environment. 16.0.0 LAND RECLAMATION AND REHABILITATION 16.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to;
(a) define land reclamation and rehabilitation;
(b) discuss the factors that influenced the location of selected irrigation schemes in Kenya, the significance of the schemes and the problems that are experienced in carrying out irrigation farming in Kenya;
(c) describe the methods that are used in land reclamation and rehabilitation in Kenya;
(d) compare the methods of land reclamation in Kenya and the Netherlands,
16.2.0 Content 16.2.1 Meaning of the terms land reclamation and rehabilitation. 16.2.2 A study of Mwea-Tebere and Perkerra irrigation schemes. 16.2.3 Importance of irrigation farming in Kenya. 16.2.4 Problems experienced in irrigation farming in Kenya. 16.2.5 Methods of land reclamation and rehabilitation in Kenya. 16.2.6 Comparative study of land reclamation in Kenya and the Netherlands.
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17.0.0 FISHING 17.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the terms fishing and fisheries;
(b) explain the factors that influence fishing;
(c) account for the location of the major fishing grounds of the world;
(d) identify types and names of fish and describe methods of fishing;
(e) discuss fresh water and marine fisheries in East Africa;
(f) assess the significance of the fishing industry in Kenya;
(g) discuss the problems that face the fishing industry in Kenya and their possible solutions;
(h) compare and contrast fishing activities in Kenya and Japan;
(i) explain ways and means of managing and conserving fresh water and marine fisheries.
17.2.0 Content 17.2.1 Definition of fishing and fisheries 17.2.2 Factors that influence fishing. 17.2.3 distribution of the major fishing grounds of the world. 17.2.4 Types and names of fish. 17.2.5 Methods of fishing. 17.2.6 Fresh water and marine fisheries in East Africa. 17.2.7 Significance of the fishing industry in Kenya, 17.2.8 Problems facing fishing in Kenya and their possible solutions. 17.2.9 Comparative study of fishing in Kenya and Japan. 17.3.0 Management and conservation of fresh water and marine fisheries. 18.0.0 WILDLIFE AND TOURISM 18.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the terms wildlife, tourism and eco-tourism;
(b) distinguish between (i) game reserves, national parks and sanctuaries (ii) domestic tourism and international tourism;
(c) explain the factors that influence the distribution of wildlife in East Africa and tourism in Kenya;
(d) locate national parks, major game reserves and sanctuaries on a map of East Africa;
(e) identify and discuss tourism attractions in Kenya;
(f) discuss the significance of wildlife and tourism in Kenya;
(g) discuss (i) the problems facing wildlife is East Africa and (ii) those facing and associated with tourism in Kenya;
(h) discuss the management and conservation of wildlife in East Africa;
(i) discuss the future of tourism in Kenya;
(j) compare and contrast tourism in Kenya and Switzerland.
18.2.0 Content 18.2.1 Definition of the term wildlife, 18.2.2 Factors influencing the distribution of wildlife in East Africa. 18.2.3 Distinction between game reserves, national parks and sanctuaries and their
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distribution in East Africa. 18.2.4 Location of National Parks, major game reserves and sanctuaries in East Africa. 18.2.5 Significance of wildlife in East Africa. 18.2.6 Problems facing wildlife in East Africa. 18.2.7 Management and conservation of wildlife in East Africa. 18.2.8 Definition of the terms tourism and eco-tourism, 18.2.9 Distinction between domestic and international tourism. 18.2.10 Factors influencing tourism in Kenya. 18.2.11 Significance of tourism. 18.2.12 Problems facing and associated with tourism in Kenya. 18.2.13 Comparative study of tourism in Kenya and Switzerland. 18.2.14 The future of tourism in Kenya. 19.0.0 ENERGY 19.10 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define energy;
(b) discuss sources and types of energy;
(c) discuss the development of electric power projects in Kenya and Uganda;
(d) identify and locate other hydroelectric power projects in Africa;
(e) explain the significance of energy;
(f) explain the impact of the energy crisis in the world;
(g) discuss ways and means of managing and conserving energy;
(h) identify sources and uses of energy within the local environment.
19.2.0 Content 19.2.1 Definition of energy. 19.2.2 Sources and types of energy. 19.2.3 Hydroelectric power projects in Kenya and Uganda. 19.2.4 Geothermal power projects in Kenya. 19.2.5 Location of hydroelectric power projects elsewhere in Africa. 19.2.6 Management and conservation of energy. 19.2.7 Significance of energy 19.2.8 The energy crises. 19.2.9 Fieldwork on identification of sources and uses of energy within the local environment. 20.0.0 INDUSTRY 20.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the leaner should be able to:
(a) define industry and industrialization;
(b) explain the factors that influence the location and development of industries;
(c) describe types of industries;
(d) account for the distribution of industries in Kenya;
(e) explain the significance of industrialization to Kenya,
(f) discuss the problems of industrialization and suggest possible solutions;
(g) compare and contrast aspects of industrialization in selected countries;
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(h) carry out fieldwork on an industry in the local area.
20.2.0 Content 20.2.1 Definition of industry and industrialization. 20.2.2 Factors influencing the location and development of industries. 20.2.3 Types of industries. 20.2.4 Distribution of industries in Kenya. 20.2.5 Significance of industrialization to Kenya. 20.2.6 Problems of industrialization and their possible solutions 20.2.7 A study of (a) the cottage industry in India, (b) iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region in Germany and (c) car manufacture and electronic industry in Japan. 20.2.8 Field work on identification of industries within the local area and a detailed study of one of them. 21.0.0 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION 21.1.0 Specific Objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define transport and communication;
(b) identify modes of transport and types of communication;
(c) locate the major lines of transport in Africa;
(d) outline the role of transport and communication in the economic development of Africa;
(e) discuss the problems facing transport and communication in Africa and the efforts being made to solve them;
(f) explain the role of the Great lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway in the economies of the USA and Canada.
21.2.0 Content 21.2.1 Definition of, and distinction between transport and communications. 21.2.2 Modes of transport and types of communication. 21.2.3 Distribution of major lines of transport if Africa. 21.2.4 The role of transport and communication in the economic development of Africa. 21.2.5 Problems facing transport and communication in Africa and the efforts being made to solve them. 21.2.6 A study of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. 22.0.0 TRADE 22.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define trade;
(b) identify types of trade;
(c) discuss the factors that influence trade;
(d) identify the major exports and imports of Kenya;
(e) assess the significance of trade to Kenya;
(f) discuss the problems facing trade in Kenya;
(g) assess the future of international trade in Kenya;
(h) outline the role played by selected blocs in the economies of their respective countries.
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22.2.0 Content 22.2.1 Definition of trade. 22.2.2 Types of trade. 22.2.3 Factors that influence trade. 22.2.4 Major exports and imports of Kenya. 22.2.5 Significance of trade to Kenya. 22.2.6 Problems facing trade in Kenya. 22.2.7 The future of international trade in Kenya. 22.2.8 The role played by the (a) Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), (b) Southern African Development Cooperation (SADC), (c) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and (d) European Union (EU) in the economies of their respective regions. 23.0.0 POPULATION 23.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define population;
(b) explain the factors influencing the distribution of population is East Africa;
(c) explain the factors influencing population growth;
(d) describe population structure;
(e) analyse the consequences of population growth and structure;
(f) compare and contrast population trends between Kenya and Sweden;
(g) present population data using relevant statistical graphs.
23.2.0 Content 23.2.1 Definition of population. 23.2.2 Factors influencing the distribution of population in East Africa. 23.2.3 Factors influencing population growth with specific reference to the fertility, mortality and migration. 23.2.4 Population structure. 23.2.5 Consequences of population growth and structure. 23.2.6 Comparative studies of the populations of Kenya and Sweden. 24.0.0 SETTLEMENT 24.10 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define settlement and urbanization;
(b) explain the factors that influence settlements and settlement patterns;
(c) account for the distribution of major urban centres in East Africa;
(d) explain the growth and functions of selected towns in Kenya;
(e) compare and contrast selected urban centres in Kenya with those of other part s of the world;
(f) discuss the effects of urbanization.
24.2.0 Content 24.2.1 Definition (a) settlement and (b) urbanization. 24.2.2 Factors that influence settlement and settlement patterns. 24.2.3 Distribution of major urban centres in East Africa.
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24.2.4 Factors influencing the growth of major urban centres ins East Africa. 24.2.5 A study of (a) an industrial town in Kenya (Thika), (b) a lake port (Kisumu) and (c) an agricultural collection centre (Eldoret). 24.2.6 Comparative studies of (a) Nairobi and New York and (b) Mombasa and Rotterdam ports. 24.2.7 Effects of urbanisation. 25.0.0 MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 25.1.0 Specific objectives By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define (i)management and (ii) conservation;
(b) explain the importance managing and conserving the environment;
(c) name environmental hazards;
(d) assess the impact of selected environmental hazards and suggest measures of combating them;
(e) discuss measures taken in managing and conserving the environment.
25.2.0 Content 25.2.1 Definition of (a) management and (b) conservation. 25.2.2 The need for environmental management and conservation. 25.2.3 Environmental hazards. 25.2.4 Problems associated with, and measures of combating floods, lightning, windstorms, pests and diseases and environmental pollution. 25.2.5 Environmental management and conservation measures in Kenya. 25.2.6 Field work on any aspect of environmental pollution.