CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 1996
- Give five reasons why reading the Bible is important to Christians. (5mks)
- Identify five teachings on the relationship between human beings and the environment from the Genesis stories to creation. (5mks)
- State five ways in which the Israelites worshiped god in the wilderness during the exodus. (5mks)
- State five Challenges that Prophet Elijah faced in Israel (5mks)
- State five teachings of Jesus on sin. (5mks)
- Write down five instructions given by Jesus (5mks)
- Give five reasons why the transfiguration of Jesus marked an important event in his life. (5mks)
- What does the story of rich man and Lazarus teach on the proper use of wealth?
(5mks)
- State five ways in which the Roman Empire helped in the spread of the early Church. (5mks)
- Write down five activities of the Church in Kenya which show that the Holy Spirit is working among Christians. (5mks)
- State any five ways in which Christians in Kenya show respect to the Government. (5mks)
- State the duties of a traditional African communities helped bereaved families (5mks)
- State five ways in which people in the traditional Africa marriage. (5mks)
- Give five reason why courtship was as important aspect of traditional African marriage. (5mks)
- Identify five problems which Dr. Ludwing Crapft experienced when he worked as a missionary in Kenya between 1844 and 1858. (5mks)
- State five ways in which the missionaries in Kenya helped to rehabilitate the freed slaves in the nineteenth century. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why some missionaries in Kenya condemned the practice of female circumcision. (5mks)
- State five factors which hinder Christians in Kenya from helping the needy. (5mks)
- Identify five causes of conflicts between parents and children in Kenya today. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why Christians in Kenya encouraged young people to seek church weddings.
C.R.E P2 313/2 1996
- a) Discuss the circumstances which led to the exile of the Israelites in Babylon
(16mks)
- b) Identify factors which cause disunity among Christians today. (9mks)
- a) With reference to the stories of the birth and infancy of Jesus, describe the
occasions when the angel of the Lord appeared. (8mks)
(b) What problems did Jesus experience during his ministry? (8mks)
- a) Discuss the teachings of Jesus in the parable of the sower. (8mks)
- b) How did the early Christians community preserve the teachings of Jesus?
(8mks)
- c) Explain different ways in which Christians in Kenya use the Bible to spread the good news. (8mks)
- a) Give reasons why cleansing rituals were performed in traditional African
Communities. (16mks)
- b) Explain the factors which promoted harmony in traditional African communities .
- a) Explain the factors which favoured the spread of Christianity in Kenya
between 1900 and 1914. (11mks)
- b) Describe the role of the mission stations in transforming the African community. (14mks)
- a) Give reasons why some Christians are opposed to the use of capital
punishment. (8mks)
- b) What lessons can Christians learn from the actions of Pilate during the trial of Jesus? (8mks)
- c) State ways in which Christians in Kenya help those who have been released from prison. (9mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 NOV. 1997
- Identify five responsibilities given to human beings by God in the Genesis stories of creation. (5mks)
- List the qualities of Moses shown during his call at Mount Sinai (5mks)
- Give any five qualities of the servant of Yahweh according to prophet Isaiah
(3mks)
- State five factors which led to the division of the Kingdom of Israel after the death of King Solomon. (5mks)
- Write down five teachings of John the Baptists about Jesus Christ. (5mks)
- Write down five lessons that Christians can learn about the mission of Jesus from the incident when the teachers of the Law and the Pharisees brought to him a woman who was caught committing adultery. (5mks)
- State five Christian’s teachings about the Lord’s Supper. (5mks)
- Identity five causes of disunity in the early church (5mks)
- Write down five teaching about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the day of Pentecost.
(5mks)
- State five effects of the conversion of Paul on the early Church (5mks)
- State the teachings of St Paul in the Resurrection (5mks)
- Write down five lessons on the cost of discipleship that Christians can learn from the Uganda martyrs. (5mks)
- Identify five traditional African Practices which demonstrates people’s belief in God. (5mks)
- Identify five occasions when oaths were administered in traditional African Communities (5mks)
- List occasions when the services of a medicine man were required in traditional African communities (5mks)
- State five factors which hindered expansion of the Christian missionary work in Kenya in the nineteenth Century. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why Kenyans are attracted to the Church (5mks)
- Suggest five ways in which the Church in Kenya could help street children. (5mks)
- State five ways in which Christians practice social justice. (5mks)
- State five advantages of a monogamous marriage. (5 marks)
C.R.E P2 313/2 1997
- a) Describe in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel
(12mks)
- b) What do Christian learn about God from the call of Prophet Isaiah? (7mks)
- c) In what ways do Christians show gratitude to god (6mks)
- a) With reference to the parables of Jesus , explain his teachings about the
Kingdom of God.
- b) Describe the obstacles that a Christian could encounter in trying to promote social justice in Kenya. (12mks)
- a) State the teachings of Saint Paul in 1 Corinthians 13 about love (9mks)
- b) Identify ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their live for him. (8mks)
- c) Discuss the problems that Church ministers (priests) encounter in their work (8mks)
- a) Discuss the measures taken by the traditional African communities to
discourage pregnancy before marriage. (12mks)
- b) What factors have contributed to sexual immorality among the youth in Kenya today? (7mks)
- c) Suggest ways in which the church can help single parents (6mks)
5 a) Describe the practices in the early church which are observed in the
church in Kenya today? (13mks)
- b) Give reasons why early missionaries condemned traditional African music
and dance. (12 mks)
- (a) Describe ways in which Christians make use of science and technology to
spread the gospel ( 10 mks)
(b) Explain the religious significance of the environment in traditional African communities ( 7 mks)
Christians Religious Education Paper 1 Nov. 1998
- What is meant by the expression “the bible is the word of God”? (5 mks)
- State five characteristics of God’s covenant with Abraham (5 mks)
- State five attributes of God as shown in the Jewish Passover (5 mks)
- From the teachings of Prophet Elijah state five effects of idolatry to the Israelites (5 mks)
- State five teachings of Jesus in the Parable of the lost sheep and lost coin (5 mks)
- Identify five lessons from the healing of Bartimaeus the blind beggar ( 5 mks)
- Write down five teachings about Jesus from the cure of the paralytic ( 5 mks)
- Write down five events that took place following Jesus death on the cross
( 5 mks)
- Give five qualities of an apostle in the early church ( 5 mks)
- State five activities a modern Christian can perform in order to be Considered a true follower of Christ ( 5 mks)
- With reference to African traditional communities, state five factor that promote
harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today. ( 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why initiation rites were important in African traditional
communities ( 5 mks)
- State five ways in which Christians spread the gospel of Jesus Christ today
( 5 mks)
- State five reasons why, marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant ( 5 mks)
- List five responsibilities of priests in traditional African communities ( 5 mks)
- Give reasons why taboos are important in traditional African communities
( 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why a Christian should not resort to strike action as a way of
Presenting grievances ( 5 mks)
- Identify five reasons why the taking of alcohol as a way of spending leisure time is condemned ( 5 mks)
- Give five reasons which motivate Christians to take vows in marriage ( 5 mks)
- State five reasons why a preacher may be disliked by the society today ( 5 mks)
Christians Religious Education Paper 2 313/2 1998
- (a) Describe how the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exile
( 10 mks)
- Why did the Prophets of the Old Testament condemn the way the Israelites worshiped? ( 10 mks)
- Give reasons why children should be introduced to the worship of God at an early age ( 5 mks)
- (a) Discuss the areas of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish Religious leaders
which eventually led to his death. ( 16 mks)
(b) Explain the causes of conflict between the young and the old people in the
Church today ( 4 mks)
- State the various ways in which Christians resolve misunderstanding between
parents and their children. ( 5 mks)
- (a) Relate Saint Paul’s teaching on responsibility for others according to
Galatians (6: 1-10) ( 8 mks)
- Discuss reasons why members of Christians families in Kenya find it difficult to harmoniously live together ( 10 mks)
- Explain how the church strengthens family relationships today ( 7 mks)
- (a) Describe how wealth was acquired in traditional African communities
(5 mks)
- Explain how money economy has undermined the Principles of Christians living (12 mks)
- With reference to the proper use of wealth in the Bible, state various ways in which Christians in Kenya utilize their wealth ( 5 mks)
- (a) In what ways were the Africans affected by the introduction of Christianity in
Kenya by 1914? (16 mks)
- Discuss the government’s contribution towards the evangelization process in
Kenya today (9 mks)
- (a) With reference to the story of Perpetua and Felistas, discuss the cost of
discipleship among early Christians in Africa ( 9 mks)
- Give reasons why some Christians are opposed to women leadership in the church today ( 10 mks)
- Explain ways through which women leadership is promoted in the church today ( 5 mks)
Christian Religious Education Paper 1 Nov. 1999
- Identify five lessons that Christians learn about the call of Moses ( 5 mks)
- Give five activities of King Jeroboam that made the Israelites in the Northern
Kingdom turn away from God ( 5 mks)
- State five failures Prophet Micah condemned Israel’s leaders for ( 5 mks)
- With reference to Jeremiah chapter 1:4- 19, state Jeremiah’s five responses
to God’s call ( 5 mks)
- List five Jewish ceremonies in which Jesus was involved ( 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why Jesus was rejected by the people of his home town of
Nazareth ( 5 mks)
- Identify five lessons Christians learn from Jesus reply to the Sadducees question on
Resurrection ( 5 mks)
- List five teachings of Jesus from the beatitudes ( 5 mks)
- State five teachings of Jesus on the cost of discipleship ( 5 mks)
- Give five lessons Christians can learn from the incident of Ananias and Sappira in the
Acts of the Apostles ( 5 mks)
- Identify five occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African Communities
( 5 mks)
- State five rituals marking the birth of child traditional African communities
( 5 mks)
- With reference to traditional African communities state five ways in which the
African sought reconciliation with God ( 5 mks)
- List five factors that affected traditional African Education system ( 5 mks)
- State five ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit have been abused in the church
Today ( 5 mks)
- Give five ways in which Christians spread the gospel using the print media ( 5 mks)
- State five ways in which Christians demonstrate obedience to Jesus command to
love one’s neighbour ( 5 mks)
- Identify five problems which have resulted from freedom of worship in Kenya today
( 5 mks)
- Give reasons why Christians should obey the laws of their country ( 5 mks)
Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313/ 2 1999
- (a) Describe ways in which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God ( 6 mks)
- Identify ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their faith in him
(12 mks)
- Give reasons why Christians should trust in God in their daily lives ( 5 mks)
- (a) Explain how King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life
( 6 mks)
(b) With reference to the teachings of Jeremiah describe how the Israelites were
encouraged to live in hope during Babylonian exile (10 mks)
(c) Identify the activities the church engages in to demonstrate love for others
( 9 mks)
- (a) Using examples from the life and ministry of Jesus show how he tried to
promote social equality ( 12 mks)
(b) How did the disciples react to Jesus use of parables in his teaching? ( 5 mks)
(c) State ways in which Christians show their belief in God? ( 8 mks)
- (a) With Reference to the life and ministry of Jesus Identify activities which
show that he is a worker
(b) Give reasons why people work in traditional African Communities ( 5 mks)
(c) Explain the factors that a Christian should consider when choosing a career
( 6 mks)
- (a) What are the New testament teachings about children? ( 9 mks)
(b) Give ways in which traditional African communities show respect for the unborn Child ( 6 mks)
(c) Explain how a child learns to be part of the traditional community
( 10 mks)
- (a) Describe methods used by the missionaries to win converts among the
Kenyan communities before 1963 ( 16 mks)
(b) What factors have led to increase of Christian denominations in Kenya today
( 9 mks)
Christians Religious Education
Paper 1
Nov. 2000
- Give promise that God made to Abraham ( 5 mks)
- State five ways in which God reveled himself to the Israelites on Mount Sinai ( 5 mks)
- Identify five ways used by the Israelite Kings to bring people back to God ( 5 mks)
- Give five ways in which God used Hosea to show the Israelites that despite their Sinfulness he still loved them ( 5 mks)
- List five events which took place the night Jesus was born ( 5 mks)
- State five ways in which John the Baptist prepared the way for the
Messiah ( 5 mks)
- Give five lessons Christians learn about the nature of Jesus from the incident
When he cast out a demon from a man in a synagogue at Capernaum ( 5 mks)
- What five lessons can a Christian learn from the parable of the prodigal son?
( 5 mks)
- Name five characteristics of an apostle of Jesus Christ ( 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why Christians should live in a community ( 5 mks)
- List five missionary groups that established mission stations in Kenya between 1890
and 1904 ( 5 mks)
- State five factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christians Church in
Kenya ( 5 mks)
- State five factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christian church in
Kenya ( 5 mks)
- State five factors which ed to the coming of missionaries to Kenya ( 5 mks)
- State five problems that hinder effective church influence in the social life of the
community ( 5 mks)
- Identify five African cultural expressions used in Christian worship today. (5 marks)
- Write down five ways in which modern Christians use their leisure time. (5mks)
- State five ways in which the church can promote self employment in modern society. (5mks)
- What roles can Christians play in the national election? ( 5marks)
- Identify five ways in which a Christian can show respect for life today. ( 5marks)
Christian Religious Education paper 2 313/2 2000
- a) Give reasons why the Northern Kingdom of Israel was destroyed before the
Southern kingdom of Judah. (12mks)
- b) Describe the problems faced by Prophet Elijah in Israel. ( 7marks)
- c) Explain how church leaders are put to test today. (6 marks)
- a) With reference to the story of the woman caught in adultery, explain the
teachings of Jesus on forgiveness. (10 marks)
- b) What is the New Testament teaching on the Jewish attitude towards sin? (8 marks)
- c) State the actions the church members would take in handling cases of
dishonesty. (7 marks)
- a) Describe the conversion of Paul the Apostle by Jesus Christ as recorded in the
Acts of the Apostles. (12marks)
- b) Identify the problems faced by the early church before the conversion of Paul
the Apostle.
- c) Give reasons why a person should be converted to Christianity. (7marks)
- a) Give reasons why Christians condemn idleness (10marks)
- b) Explain factors that have led to unemployment in Kenya(8marks)
- c) Outline steps the church in Kenya has taken to solve the problem
of employment.
- a) How was marriage formalized in traditional African communities (8marks)
- b) Why was polygamy common in traditional African communities. ( 8marks)
- c) State the role of parents in a traditional African family (9marks)
- a) Identify the steps the church is taking in assisting orphans. (10 marks)
- b) Explain the factors that prevent effective church co –operation in Kenya. (10marks)
- c) In what did the provision of health facilities by the early missionaries promote the spread of the gospel? (5marks)
Christian Religious Education paper 1 Nov. 2001
- State five versions of the Bible used by the churches in Kenya today (5marks)
- State five characteristics of God revealed to Moses during the renewal of the Sinai Covenant. (5mks)
- State five reasons why Samuel was opposed to the idea of having a king in Israel. (5mks)
- Give five problems prophet Jeremiah encountered before the Babylonian
Exile (5marks)
- State five actions that took place during the presentation of Jesus in the temple (5marks)
- Identify five teachings of Jesus about john the Baptist. (5mks)
- State five lessons Christians learn from the miracle of the raising of jairus’daughter. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why the disciples did not believe that Christians were persecuted. (5mks)
- Write down five ways through which the early Christians were persecuted. ( 5mks)
- List five spiritual gifts given to the church according to Saint Paul.
- List five way which the missionaries used to increase African participant in the
Church in Kenya between 1844 and 1914. (5mks)
- State five ways which the missionaries used to increase African participation in the church in Kenya between 1940 and 1960. ( 5mks)
- State five reasons why the observance of the blood kinship is important in African traditional African societies. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why the birth of a child is a joyous event in traditional African Societies.
- State five beliefs about the nature of God in traditional African communities.
(5mks)
- State five ways through which human beings communicate with the spirit world in traditional African societies.
- Give five reasons why Christians should maintain the family unit. (5mks)
- Identify five effects of irresponsible sexual behaviour in Kenya today. (5mks)
- State five ways through which Christians show love to famine sticken people (5mks)
- Identify five ways through which a Christians can help reduce the practice of corruption Kenya. (5mks)
Christian Religious Education paper 2 313 / 2 2001
- a) What were the promises of God to David through prophet Nathan? (8mks)
- b) State the factors that led to failure of David’ successor. (7mks)
- c) What are the factors that prevent political leaders form performing their duties
efficiently in Kenya today? (10mks)
- a) Describe the problems faced by the Israelites during the Babylonian
exile. (8mks)
- b) Explain the conditions of restoration of the Israelites as preached by prophet Ezekiel. (10mks)
- c) How harmony between the church and the state promoted by Christians in Kenya today? (7mks)
- a) With reference to the life and ministry of Jesus how he
fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah. (12mks)
- b) Explain ways through which the power of God was seen in the early
church. (8mks)
(c) What is the importance of the baptism of Jesus to Christians today? (5mks)
- a) Give reasons why Jesus referred to the Pharisees as hypocites. (12mks)
- b) What do Christians learn from the parable of the wheat and rares? (8mks)
- c) Describe the duties given to the apostle by Jesus. (5mks)
- a) Explain the activities carried out in traditional African communities?
(6mks)
- b) State ways through which the youth are traditional African communities? (7mks)
- c) What is the role of a grandfather in traditional African communities?(6mks)
- a) Describe the methods used by the early missionaries to improve the living
standards of the Africans in Kenya. (7 mks)
- Give reasons why Christians in Kenya should work in unity. (10mks)
- Explain ways through which a Christian can serve God.
Christian religious Education
Paper 1
Nov 2002
- State five actions from the life of Abraham which showed that he had faith in God. (5mks)
- List five values which a Christian can learn from the call of Moses (5mks)
- State five duties of Samuel as a prophet of God (5mks)
- Give five expectations that the jews had concerning the Messiah (5mks)
- List five miracles which show that Jesus had authority over nature. (5mks)
- State five lessons Christians learn from the parable of the wheat and tares(5mks)
- State five actions of Jesus which show that he loved the needy. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why Christians in the early church prayed. (5mks)
- State five ways in Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost.(5mks)
- State five reasons why the resurrection of Jesus is important to Christians.(5mks)
- State five reasons why Christians in the early church prayed.
- Give five reasons why oaths were administered in traditional Africa Communities (5mks)
- List five occasions when seers were consulted in traditional African
communities (5mks)
- State five factors that may hinder the traditional African practice of giving dowry. (5mks)
- Identify five problems that Christian missionaries face today (5 mks)
- Give five reasons why trial marriage is condemned by the church (5mks)
- Give five ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family (5mks)
- State five reasons why a Christian are opposed to deforestation (5mks)
- Give five reasons why Christians should participate in the law reform
Process in Kenya. (5mks)
Christian Religious Education paper 2 313/2 2002
- a) From the Genesis stories of the fall of human beings, explain the results of
sin. (14mks)
- With reference to the incident of naboth’ vineyard, state how King Ahab
failed to keep the covenant laws. (5mks)
- Give reasons why Christians should practice forgiveness. (6mks)
- a) Outline the conditions giving by God to the Israelites during the renewal of
the Sinai covenant laws. (10mks)
- b) Explain the significance of the transfiguration of Jesus to his disciples.(8mks)
- c) State ways in which Christians show respect to God. (7mks)
- a) Explain how John the Baptist prepared the way for the Messiah. (12mks)
- b) What lessons do Christians learn from the call of the first disciples of Jesus? (8mks)
- c) Why are Christians baptized today? (5mks)
- a) Describe the factors that led to the spread of Christianity in the Apostolic Age. (12mks)
- b) In what ways the celebration of the Lord’s Supper misused in the church at
Corinth? (5mks)
- c) Give reasons why Christians take part in the Holy Communion. (8mks)
- a) Give reasons why there was singing during the initiation ceremonies in
traditional African communities. (12mks)
- b) How were the initiates prepared for adult life in traditional African
communities? (7 mks)
- c) Why do some traditional African communities practice ignition rites today. (6mks)
- a) Outline the steps the church is taking to reduce lawlessness in Kenya today. (12mks)
- b) State ways in which sex is abused in Kenya. (6mks)
- c) Describe the problems faced by a family living with a member who is living
with Acquired immune Defienciency syndrome.(AIDS) (7mks)
Christian Religious Education.
Paper 1
Nov. 2003
- Last five animals used in the making of the covenant between God and Abraham
(5mks)
- State five ways in which God’s power is demonstrated in the deliverance of the Israelites form Egypt to the Promised Land.
- List five types of leaders whom god gave his power to in the Old Testament.(5mks)
- State five titles given to the Messiah by prophet Isaiah.
- State five similarities in the announcement of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.
- Identify five occasions in the life of Jesus when he was tempted (5mks)
- List five lessons Christians learn about Jesus from the miracles of healing. (5mks)
- List five parables used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God. (5mks)
- State five works of the Holy Spirit in the early church. (5mks)
- State five leadership qualities shown by Peter the Apostle on the day of Pentecost. (5mks)
- List five practices of the early Christian community. (5mks)
- State five traditional African customs that were condemned by the early Christian missionaries in Kenya. (5mks)
- Write down five teachings about God from the traditional African myths of creation.
- Identify five occasions when sacrifices are made in Traditional
African communities. (5mks)
- State five roles of elders in traditional African communities. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why children are important in traditional African community
(5mks)
- Give five Christian teachings on human sexuality (5mks)
- Identify ways in which Christians can overcome the temptation to drug abuse.(5mks)
- Give five reasons why Christians take up insurance policies. (5mks)
- State five ways in which Christians in Kenya show respect for the state. (5mks)
Christian Religious Education paper 2 313/2 2003
- a) State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in Genesis chapter 1
and 2. (6mks)
- b) Outline the lesions Christians learn about work from the Genesis stories of
creation. (12mks)
- c) How can Christians care for God‘s creation today? (7mks)
- a) With reference to the Old Testament, outline the characteristics of a true
prophet. (7mks)
- b) Identify the evils that prophet Jeremiah condemned (12mks)
- c) How should a Christian respond when offered a bribe? (6mks)
- a) Relate the story of the feeding of the five thousand in Mark 6:30-44 (9mks)
- b) How did the resurrected Christ reveal himself to his followers? (10mks)
- c) Give reasons why some people find it difficult to accept Jesus Christ. (6mks)
- a) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teachings
of Jesus on responsibility to others. (10mks)
- b) How did the believers in the early church take care of the needy? (8mks)
- c) Identify ways in which the youth participate in the church in Kenya (7mks)
- a) Give reasons why pre- marital pregnancies were rare in traditional African
communities. (12mks)
- b) State the causes of prostitution in Kenya (8mks)
- c) What is the role of a midwife in traditional African communities? (5mks)
- a) Explain the effects of the translation of the Bible into African languages in
Kenya. (14mks)
- b) Give reasons why Christians use the bible in worship. (6mks)
- c) Why is the church in Kenya opposed to genetic engineering? (5mks)
Christian Religious Education Paper 1 2004
- Give five reasons why Moses was not willing to go back Egypt after his call. (5mks)
- State five practices of idolatry during the time of Prophet Elijah. (5mks)
- List five visions that Amos saw concerning the coming judgment on the people of Israel. (5mks)
- Identify five commandments given to the Israelites that teach on how to relate to one another. (5mks)
- With reference to the visit of angle Gabriel to Mary, state fiche revelations about Jesus Christ. (5mks)
- Give five qualities of the roman centurion, who requested Jesus to heal his servant. (5mks)
- List five teachings about the kingdom of God from the parable of the treasurer and peal. (5mks)
- Identify five ways through which Jesus prepared the disciples for his coming death. (5mks)
- State five ways through which God revealed himself in the early church (5mks)
- State five reasons why the early Christian shared meals.
- Give five reasons why a naming ceremony is important in traditional African communities. (5mks)
- Write down five ways of solving conflicts in traditional African communities. (5mks)
- Name five specialists in traditional African communities (5mks)
- State five roles of the ancestors in traditional African communities. (5mks)
- List five protestant missions in Kenya by 1914. (5mks)
- Write down five ways in which the catechists helped in spreading Christianity in Kenya. (5mks)
- Give five factors that a Christian employer should consider when decision on a salary for an employee. (5mks)
- List five ways through which the church is rehabilitating wrong doers in Kenya today. (5mks)
- State five ways in which modern science and technology undermine Christian teaching on respect for human life. (5mks)
- Identify five ways through which the church prepares the youth for marriage. (5mks)
Christian Religious Education paper 2 2004
- a) Outline the activities in the life of King David that showed he had faith in
God. (12mks)
- b) Identify the characteristics of God as portrayed in the life of King David (7mks)
- a) Relate the story of the healing of the man born blind (john 9:1-14) (12mks)
- b) What is the New Testament teaching on prayer? (6mks)
- c) Why do some Christians find it difficult to pray? (7mks)
- a) Outline the teaching of Jesus on the role of the holy spirit. (8mks)
- b) Identify the problems that Paul faced in spreading the gospel. (12mks)
- c) What lessons do Christian learn from the life of Stephen? (5mks)
- a) Why is leisure important in the life of a Christian youth? (12mks)
- b) What factors have contributed to the misuse of leisure in Kenya today?
(6mks)
- c) Give reasons why the church condemns injustice in Kenya (7mks)
- a) Outline ways through which a marriage partner is chosen in traditional
African communities (12mks)
- b) Explain why divorce is rare in traditional African communities (6mks)
- c) Identify the effects of divorce on children in Kenya (7mks)
- a) Explain the factors that led to the establishment of African Independent
churches in Kenya. (14mks)
- b) Give reasons why missionaries were opposed to oath taking (6mks)
- c) What is the purpose of singing in the church today? (5mks)
C.R.E PAPER 1 2005
- Name the five books of the bible which are referred to as Pentateuch (5mks)
- Write down five teachings about marriage from the biblical stories of creation (5mks)
- Give five reasons why the temple in Jerusalem was important to the Israelites (5mks)
- State five qualities of God from the teaching of prophet Hosea. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why Jesus was baptized. (5mks)
- State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick. (5mks)
- List five teachings about the kingdom of God from the parables of the Yeast and the mustard seed. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have last supper with his disciples
(5mks)
- Identify five factors that enabled Paul to win converts among the Gentiles. (5mks)
- State five reasons on the cost of discipleship that Christians learn from the story of
Perpetual and Felicita. (5mks)
- Write down five places where worship is carried out in traditional African communities. (5mks)
- Give five reasons why seclusion after child birth is important in traditional
African communities. (5mks)
- List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities (5mks)
- Write down five reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional
African communities. (5mks)
- State five problems faced by the Christian missionaries in Kenya by 1914.
- Identify five causes of conflict between the youth and the old people in the church (5mks)
- State five ways in which Christians use their talents to promote evangelism in Kenya today.
- Give five reasons why Christians should vote during the general elections (5mks).
- Write down five consequences of denying employees rest. (5mks)
- Identify five ways in which Christians assist people who are leaving with HIV?AIDS (5mks)
2005 Christian Religious Education
Paper 2
- a) Give reasons why the Israelites asked Samuel to appoint a king for them (7mks)
- b) What were the failures of King Saul? (12mks)
- c) How has corruption affected the society in Kenya today? (6mks)
- a) Describe the call of prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 6) (9mks)
- b) Explain Jeremiah’s teaching on the ‘New Covenant” (10mks)
- c) How should a Christian respond when offered a job in a hardship area? (6mks)
- a) With references to incident when Jesus was dedicated to God at the age of
forty days outline what Simeon and Anna revealed about his life. (12mks)
- b) What lesson did the disciples of Jesus learn from the miracle of the feeding of
the five thousand? (7 mks)
(c) Why do some Christians find it difficult to share their wealth with others?
(6 mks)
- (a) State the teachings of Jesus on how Christians should approach God in Prayer.
(6 mks)
- With reference to the day of Pentecost, outline Peter’s message to the people
(12 mks)
- What should be the qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today? ( 6 mks)
- (a) Discuss the factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in
traditional African communities. ( 8 mks)
- What changes are taking place in property ownership in traditional African communities (10 mks)
- Why is the church in Kenya opposed to the practice of wife inheritance?
(7 mks)
- (a) Describe the changes the Christian missionaries introduced to the African
Communities in Kenya by 1945 (12 mks)
- What problems is the church in Kenya facing due to industrialization? (6 mks)
- Outline the steps the church is taking to reduce poverty in Kenya ( 7 mks)
C.R.E PAPER 1 2006
- (a) Give reasons why Christians read the bible ( 8 mks)
(b) With reference to the Genesis stories of creation in chapters 1 and 2, outline
the attributes of God ( 7 mks)
(c) What are the consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African
communities? ( 5 mks)
- (a) State the problems that God made to Abraham ( 6 mks)
(b) What problems did Moses face as he led the Israelites during the exodus?
( 10 mks)
(c) Give reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews ( 4 mks)
- (a) Give reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king ( 8 mks)
(b) State the achievements of Solomon as King of Israel ( 6 mks)
(c) Identify the causes of power struggle in the church in Kenya today ( 6 mks)
- (a) Explain the role of prophets in the Old Testament ( 6 mks)
(b) Give reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites
worshipped God ( 10 mks)
(c) How does God reveal himself to Christians today? ( 4 mks)
- (a) Outline the problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of
Jerusalem. ( 10 mks)
- Identify the symbolic acts used by prophet Jeremiah to demonstrate God’s judgment and punishment to the Israelites.
- What lessons do Christians learn from prophet Jeremiah to teaching on the new covenant?
- (a) Explain the importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in
traditional African communities. ( 10 mks)
- Identify the moral values acquire during marriage in traditional African communities ( 5 mks)
- Why is death feared in traditional African communities? ( 5 mks)
C.R.E PAPER 2 2006
- (a) Describe the visit of the angel of the Lord to the Shepherds on the night
Jesus was born. ( 7 mks)
- State the differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ ( 8 mks)
- What lesson do Christians learn about family relationship from the incident when Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover festival ( 5 mks)
- (a) Outline the story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain ( Luke 7: 11- 17) ( 8 mks)
(b) Identify ways through which the church continues with the healing ministry of
Jesus Christ ( 7 mks)
(c) Give the lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus.
(5 mks)
- (a) Give reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching
( 6 mks)
- Outline the preparations that Jesus made for the last supper.( Luke 22: 7- 14)
( 6 mks)
- Identify the reasons that made Judas Iscariot betray Jesus ( 8 mks)
- (a) Identify the spiritual gifts taught by Saint Paul in early church
( 6 mks)
- Explain how the use of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth ( 8 mks)
- Outline the contribution of women in the church in Kenya ( 6 mks)
- (a) What are the advantages of a monogamous marriage? ( 8 mks)
(b) State the factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today
( 7 mks)
(c) Give reasons why the church is involved in the fight against HIV and AIDS
( 5 mks)
- (a) State the rights of citizens in Kenya today ( 7 mks)
(b) Give reasons why Christians pay taxes to the government in Kenya
( 5 mks)
(c) How is the church helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya?
( 8 mks)
K.C.S.E C.R.E PAPER 1 2009
- (a) From the genesis stories of creation, outline seven teachings about human
beings ( 7 mks)
(b) With reference to the story of the fall of human beings in Genesis 3, State
four effects of sin on Adam and Eve ( 8 mks)
(c) How does the church help to bring back members who have fallen from the faith? ( 5 mks)
- (a) Explain four characteristics of a covenant demonstrated in the covenant
Between God and Abraham. ( 8 mks)
(b) Give seven similarities between the Jewish and traditional African
Practice of circumcision ( 7 mks)
(c) Identify five lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham ( 5 mks)
- (a) State seven functions of the temple in The Jewish community ( 7 mks)
(b) Identify six ways which show that king Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life ( 6 mks)
(c) Give seven factors that have led to the increase of Christian denominations in Kenya today ( 7 mks)
- (a) Give four similarities between prophets in the Old Testament and traditional African communities. ( 8 mks)
(b) Outline five teachings of prophets Amos the remnant and restoration of the
Israelites (Amos 9: 8 – 15) ( 5 mks)
(c) State the relevance of Prophet Amos teaching on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya today ( 7 mks)
- (a) State four promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their
covenant with God during the time of Nehemiah ( Nehemiah 10: 28- 29)
( 8 mks)
(b) Identify five final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the
Worship of God in Judah ( 5 mks)
(c) Write down seven problems that Christian leaders in Kenya face in their
work today ( 7 mks)
- (a) Outline six rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional African communities ( 6 mks)
(b) Give six reasons why children are important in traditional African communities ( 6 mks)
(c) Explain four ways children are made responsible members in traditional African communities ( 8 mks)
K.C.S.E C.R. E PAPER 2 2009
- (a) Outline the describe of prophet Isaiah about the messiah ( 8 mks)
(b) State six activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2: 6- 20)
( 6 mks)
(c) Explain the importance of singing in a Christian service ( 6 mks)
- (a) Describe the incident when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth. ( Luke 4: 16- 30)
( 7 mks)
(b) Give four reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees in Galilee
(Luke 5: 12- 6: 11) ( 8 mks)
(c) State five ways in church leaders can respond to those who oppose them in
Their work ( 5 mks)
- (a) Identify five teachings that Jesus made to the guests at the Pharisees’ house
(Luke 14: 1– 14) ( 5 mks)
(b) Give four reasons why Jesus used the parable of the great feast in his teachings (Luke 14: 15 – 24) ( 8 mks)
(c) Write down seven reasons why Christians take part in the Lord’s Supper
( 7 mks)
- (a) Give seven reasons why Jesus sent the holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension ( 7 mks)
(b) Identify four teachings of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband – wife relationship (Ephesians 5: 21- 32). ( 8 mks)
(c) State five ways in which Christians are able to identify those who posses the gifts of the holy spirit ( 5 mks)
- (a) Outline eight Christians teachings on work ( 8 mks)
(b) State the role of professionals ethics in a work place ( 6 mks)
(c) Identify six way sin which the church is helping to reduce the rate of unemployment in Kenya today ( 6 mks)
- (a) Explain four negative effects of the introduction of money economy on traditional African Communities ( 8 mks)
(b) Outline six x teaching of Jesus on wealth ( 6 mks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians should not involve themselves in gambling
( 6 mks)
K.C.S.E YEAR 2010 PAPER 313/1
1 . (a) Identify eight historical books in the Old Testament. (8 marks)
(b) Give seven reasons why the Bible is referred to as a library. (7 marks)
(c) State five different occasions when Christians use the Bible. (5 marks)
- (a) State four ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the Exodus
(8 marks)
(b) How did the Israelites worship God when they were in the wilderness? (5 marks)
(c) Identify seven challenges that Christians face while practising their faith in Kenya today. (7 marks)
3.(a) From the story of Naboth’s vineyard, explain the commandments which King Ahab and Queen Jezebel broke. (8 marks)
(b) With reference to 1st Kings 21: 17 – 29, give the forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Queen Jezebel. (6 marks)
(c) Why is killing condemned in traditional African communities? (6 marks)
4.(a) Outline six characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament. (6 marks)
(b) State four ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Prophet Amos. (8 marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in society today. (6 marks)
- (a) Give six reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet. (6 marks)
(b) Explain four evils condemned by Prophet Jeremiah during the Temple sermon. (8 marks)
(c) State six ways in which Church leaders communicate God’s message to people in Kenya today.
(6 marks)
6 (a) Name six places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional African communities. (6 marks)
(b) Give seven reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities. (7 marks)
(c) State seven roles of ancestors in traditional African communities. (7 marks)
K.C.S.E YEAR 2010 PAPER 313/2
- (a) Describe four activities that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the Temple
(Luke 2: 22 – 40). (8 marks)
(b) Outline seven lessons Christians learn from the incident when Jesus was left behind by his parents in the Temple (Luke 2: 41 – 52). (7 marks)
(c) State five ways in which Christians show respect to places of worship in Kenya today. (5 marks)
- (a) With reference to the sermon on the plain, state five teachings of Jesus on how human beings should relate to one another. (5 marks)
(b) Describe the incident in which Jesus calmed the storm (Luke 8: 22 – 25). (10 marks)
(c) Identify five virtues that Christians learn from the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand.
(5 marks)
- (a) State four accusations that were made against Jesus during his trial (Luke 22: 66 – 23: 1 – 23). (4 marks)
(b) Give five reasons why Jesus appeared to His disciples after resurrection. (10 marks)
(c) Why should Christians be discouraged from taking part is mob justice? (6 marks)
- (a) Explain the teaching of Peter concerning the people of God (1st Peter 2: 9 – 10). (10 marks)
(b) Give six ways through which Christians can promote unity among themselves in Kenya today. (6 marks)
(c) State how kindness as a fruit of the Holy Spirit is abused in the Church in Kenya today. (4 marks)
- (a) State four similarities between the Christian and traditional African view on marriage. (8 marks)
(b) Give six reasons why some young people are choosing to remain unmarried in Kenya today. (6 marks)
(c) Identify six ways in which the Church is helping to solve the problem of domestic violence in Kenya today. (6 marks)
6 (a) Explain the Christian view on plastic surgery hi Kenya today. (10 marks)
(b) Describe four ways through which science and technology has negatively affected the environment created by God. (4 marks)
(c) How can the youth in the Church carry out environmental restoration in Kenya today? (6 marks)
CRE
2011
PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEMES
1.
- The benefits of learning Christian Religious education in secondary school
- It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth
- The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life
- It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
- It helps ones to aquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
- It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people
- It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life
- It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth
- It leads to employment / carrer
(b) The major division of the old and new testament
(i) law books.
(ii) Historical books.
(iii) Prophetic books.
(iv) poetic books
(v) the Gospels/ Biographical books
- vi) Epistles / letters
(c) Ways in which the Bible, is misused in Kenya today.
(i) It is used to take oaths in courts / offices by people who may not be believers /
not saying the truth.
(ii) It is kept in places associated with evil.
(iii) There is distortion of the Biblical teachings / specific verses are picked to fulfil
individual demand misinterpretation
(iv) Some people use Bible like an ordinary..text book I reference .
(v) It is being used in witchcraft / cults to mislead people
(vi) some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade
(vii) some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible
(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display
- Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses
7×1- 7 marks
2(a) How God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at Mt. Sinai
(i) God told Moses to remind the people of” Israel of how he had brought them out of Egypt
(ii) God told Moses that He wanted to make a special relationship with Israel / make
them a kingdom of priests
(iii) Moses called all the elders / people and told them what God had said.
(iv) God told Moses that he wanted the Israelites to obey him.
(v) The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord had said.
(vi) God promised to come down and meet with the people on the third day.
(vii) The people were ins tructed to consecrated themselves /wash their garments
(viii) The people were to abstain from sexual relationships
- On the third day , there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet blast /an earthquake.
- Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God /they took their stand at the foot of the mountain
- The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up to him
(b) Reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant while at mt .Sinai
(i) Moses their leader delayed to come down from the mountain .
(ii) Aaron who had been left in charge of the people was a weak leader
(iii) The people damaded for a god / gods they could see/ feel
(iv) The people were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship /idolatry
(v)Moses teaching / influence had faded / vanished from peoples minds
(vi) The people had lost faith in their invisible God
(c) Lessons learned by Christians about the nature of God from the Exodus
(i) God is caring
(ii) He communicates
(iii) He provides
(iv) He is powerful
(v) He guides
(vi) He protects
(vii) He commands
(viii) He is to be obeyed
(ix) He punishes those who disobey him
- He is holy
- He is faithful
- He is patient
- He is merciful
- He is jealous 8 x = 8 marks
- (a) The failures of king Saul
(i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it
(ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.
(iii) He disobeyed God’s command to destroy Amarekites completely by sparing the life of king Agag.
(iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them
(v) He lost faith in God
(vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jeoulus of David
(vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God
(viii) He committed suicide 5 x 1 = 5 marks
(b) The achievement of David as king of Israel
(i) David conquered and defeated the enemies of Israel .
(ii) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel
(iii)He captured Jerusarem from the jebusites
(iv) He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel .
(v) He made Jerusarem a religious center by bringing the ark of the covenant there.
(vi) He made peace treties with his neighbours
(vii) He composed psalms which are used during worship
(viii) He united the twelve tribes of Israel under one ruler.
(ix) He made preparations for the construction of the temple
(c) Reasons why Christians build churches
( i) Churches are used for worshiping God.
(ii) They signify God’s presence / house of God .
(iii) They are used for meetings / a place of gathering members .
(iv) Religious function take place there.
(v) They are places where members receive religious instructions/preaching .
(vi) As a sign of prestige / recognition / indentification .
(vii) To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God
(viii) To follow the tradition of the old testament teachings on the temple as a house of God
(ix) It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger /calamity
(x) As a sign of growth
4 (a) Characteristics of the true prophets in the Old Testament
- They were God’s mouth piece /spokes people / mediators
- They respoded to God’s call in faith / they obeyed
- They were called by God
- They were given specific tasks to carry out
- They communicated God’s messages with authority / without fear
- They spoke the truth in all circumstances .
- Their prophesies came true / were fulfilled.
- They never work for material gain / were not paid for their work
- They called people to come back to the covenant way of life
- They pronounshed God’s purnishment/ judjement
- They were persecuted for their work
- They led exemplary lives / role modes any 7 x 1 =7 marks
(b) The call of Amos to become a prophet in Israel
(i) Amos was a farmer fending sycamore trees / shepherd
(ii) He came from a village called Tekoa in Judah
(iii) He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah and Jeroboam 11
(iv) God called him through a vision
(v) He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy
(vi) He responded to God’s call in faith / obedience
(c) The five visions of prophet Amos
(i) He saw a swarm of locusts.
(ii) He saw a great fire sent by God
(iii) He saw a crocked wall being measured using a plumb line .
(iv) He saw a basket full of ripe fruits / summer fruits
(v) He saw the destruction of the alter / temple
- (a) The stages followed during the renewal of the covenant at the time of Nehemia
(i) The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem
(ii) The priest Ezra read the law to the people .
(iii) They performed repentance gesture of raising / lowering their hands
(iv) The people constructed makeshift tents /shelters to celebrate the feast of the booths
(v) There was a national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes
(vi) Ezra led people in prayer of confession
(vii) They scaled the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of Nehemiah and
the priest.
(viii) The people promised not to go against the mosaic law.
(ix) The re- distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side. 4 x 2 = 8marks
(b) Reason why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah
(i) To preserve the identity of the Jews as people of God
(ii) To separate the Jews from foreign influence.
(iii) To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner .
(iv) To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests of the temple
(v) To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the up keep of the temple.
(vi) To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities.
(vii)In order to cleanse the Jews who had intermarried with foreigners / exposed to idotry
(c) Lessons from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemia
(i) Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.
(ii) They should lead righteous lives.
(iii) Christian should always pray to God
(iv) Christian should demonstrate humility
(v) They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God
(vi) They should teach others the word of god
(vii) They should set aside aday for worship
(viii) They should respect the church as a place for prayer 6 x 1 = 6 marks
- (a) The traditional African view of a community
(i) The members of the community include the unborn/ the living / living dead / the ancestors
(ii) The members speak common language
(iii) They are related either by blood / marriage / adoption
(iv) The community members occupy the same geographical area region
(v) They carry out similar economic activities.
(vi) The community is made up of smaller units / clans
(vii) Each community has its own disnct rules / taboos /beliefs /customs /cultural /practices
(viii) Members of a community are expected to show concern for the well being of others
(x) The members are expected to participate in the life of the community
Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
(b) The factors that have affected the traditional African people’s dependence on God
(i) The introduction of western culture
(ii) some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems
(iii) Greed for power / materialism without the fear of God.
(iv) some people rely on science and technology
(v) Money economy where success depends on how much money ones earns .
(vi) Abject poverty has made people loose hope / faith in God
(vii) Negative peer pressure influences the members to rely on themselves other than God .
(viii) pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God.
(ix) modern education
(c) Similarities between Christian and traditional African ways of showing respect to God
(i) In both members pray to God
(ii) In both they give offering
(iii) In both members sing songs
(iv) In both members show respect to God by helping those in need
(v) In both they use God ‘s name sparingly /avoid mentioning God’s name carelessly
(vi) In both members use the God given resources / environment carefully
(vii) In both they build / maintain / honour places of worship
(viii) In both members take care of religious leaders
(ix) In both members obey the law / commands of God
CRE 2011
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEMES
- (a) What took place when Mary visited Elizabeth.
(i) She entered Zechariah’s home,
(ii) She greeted Elizabeth.
(iii) When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings the baby in her womb leaped.
(iv) Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
(v) Elizabeth exclaimed with a loud cry.
(vi) She blessed Mary and child in the womb.
(vii) Elizabeth wondered why Mary the mother of her Lord has visited her
(viii) ‘Elizabeth informed Mary that the baby in her womb had leaped for joy in her greetings.
( ix) Mary responded by praising God
(x) Mary stayed with Elizabeth for three months.
(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth
(i) Christians should be righteous / upright / blameless
(ii) They should obey God’s commandments
(iii) They should persevere / be patient
(iv) They should serve God faithfully /commitment.
(v) They should be prayerful.
(vi) They should depend on God / ask God for their needs
(vii) They should believe God’s word .
(viii) They should thank God for blessings
(ix) They praise / worship the lord
(x) They should desire to be led by the Holy Spirit
(xi) Christian should rejoice at the blessings of others.
6 x1 = 6 marks
(c) Ways through which Christians in Kenya express their joy for the birth of Jesus
(i) They sing / listen to Christian songs /carols
(ii) They attend Christmas worship/service/ mass
(iii) They partake of the Holy communion/ Eucharist
(iv) They exchange gifts / cards / messages of goodwill
(v) They visit friends/ relatives.
(vi) They decorate their homes/churches
(vii) They buy/ wear new clothes
(viii) They prepare special dishes /drinks
(ix) They rest from normal duties
(x) They hold Christmas concerts/ drama
(xi) They watch movies /films on the birth of Jesus
(xii) They read Christmas stories /the bible
- They help the needy /acts of charity
- They repent /rededicate themselves to God.
2.(a) The teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain on how human beings should relate
to one another.
(i) Human beings should love one another / their enemies.
(ii) They should practice sharing / help others
(iii) They should be merciful| to each other.
(iv) They not judge / condemn others.
(v) They forgive one another / not to revenge.
(vi) Pray for those who wrong them
(vii) They should not discriminate against one another.
(b) A description of the incident in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman
(i) Jesus had been invited by a Pharisee for dinner.
(ii) While he was at the table a sinful woman came with an alabaster flask of ointment.
iii) She stood at Jesus’ feet weeping and wet his feet with her tears.
(iv) She used her hair to wipe the feet of Jesus,
(v) She kissed the feet of Jesus
(vi) She then anointed the feet of Jesus with the ointment.
(vii) The Pharisee who had invited Jesus questioned in his heart whether Jesus was a prophet
(viii) Jesus knew the thoughts of Simon and told him the parable of the creditor and the two debtors .
(ix) Jesus asked Simon who of the two debtors would love the creditor more
(x) Simon said the debtor with more debt would love the creditor more
(xi) He told simon that the woman had shown much love because her many sins had been forgiven .
(xii) Jesus then told the woman that her sins had been forgiven
(xiii) The other guests began to question who Jesus was to have the power to forgive sins
- Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her.
- He told her to go in peace
(c) Reasons why Christians should ask for forgiveness from God.
(i) To be at peace with God
(ii) To show obedience to the teachings of Jesus
(iii To improve their relationship with others
(iv) It gives them confidence to serve God
(v) To acknowledge their weakness / a sign of humility
(vi) It shows their desire to lead a righteous life
(vii) It is a sign of appreciation of God’s mercy
(viii) It is a way of self reproach
(ix) It is a demonstration of their faith in God
(x) so as to be forgiven by God.
3.(a) The instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy two disciples when he sent them on a mission.
(i) The disciples were to pray for more labourers to be sent for the harvest,
(ii) The disciples were not to carry any pulse / bag / sandals.
(iii) They were not to salute anyone on the road.
(iv) They were to say peace any house they entered.
(v) They were to remain in the same house / NOT to go from house to house.
(vi) They were to eat / drink whatever was provided.
(vii) They were to heal the sick
( viii) They were, to tell the people that the kingdom of God has corne near
(ix) They were to wipe off the dust on their feet against the people if not received.
4×2=8 marks
(b) The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector.
(i) Two men went into the Temple to pray, a Pharisee and a tax collector.
(ii) The pharisee praised himself in prayer.
(iii) He said he was holy / better than others / tax collector.
(iv) The tax collector also prayed but could not lift his eyes to heaven.
(v) The tax collector beat his breast saying he is a sinner / asked for God’s mercy.
(vi) It was the prayer of the tax collector that was accepted / the tax collector was justified
(vii) Jesus concluded by saying that whoever exalts himself will be humbled / whoever humbles himself will be exalted.
(c) Reason s why Christian pray
(i) To show their dependence in God / faith in God
(ii) To express the power /greatness of God /adore / honour God
(iii) They pray to ask for their needs / seek guidance.
(iv) Through prayer, they confess their sins / ask for forgiveness.
(v) To thank God for his faithfulness / goodness / blessings.
(vi) Prayer helps to relieve fears / anxiety / worries.
(vii) It is an instrument through which the work of satan is destroyed.
(viii) To communicate with God / have fellowship with God.
(ix) To follow the example of Jesus.
(x) It is a command from God / a sign of obedience.
4 (a) How Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost.
(i) Peter was filled with the Holy spirit.
(ii) He started speaking in tongues.
(iii) He became courageous / defended the disciples that they were not drunk.
(iv) He was able to remember Old Testament prophecies / teachings.
- v) He began witnessing the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.
- vi) He called people to repentance.
(vii) He was empowered to perform miracles.
(b) Saint Paul’s teaching on how the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used in the church.
( i) The gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used for the common good of all
(ii) They should be used to strengthen / encourage & comfort members
(iii) They should be used to bring unity not to discriminate /divide members
(iv) There is need to respect / appreciate all the gifts
(v) They should be used in an orderly way / no confusion
(vi) The gifts should be used in love.
(vii) The gift of speaking in tongues should be minimised in public
(viii) There is need to have interpretation of tongues for them to be meaningful /helpful.
(ix) Prophecies should be carefully evaluated / weighted.
(c) Reasons why some Christians find it difficult to help the sick.
(i) Some Christians lack the gift of healing.
(ii) They are afraid of being infected.
(iii) Because of religious / denominational f’ barriers .
- iv) They lack knowledge / skill of handling the sick.
(v} They have no time for the sick.
(vi) Lack of faith in healing / miracles.
(vii) Because of poverty / may not have enough resources to share.
(viii) Lack of love for the needy / sick.
(ix) It is difficult for some Christians to determine those who are genuinely sick
(x) Due to social differences / status / educational background.
(xi) ‘Due to nepotism /ethnic affiliations.
5.(a) Reasons why manual work is important in Kenya today.
(i) Through manual work human being emulate God as a worker.
(ii) It is a sign of being obedient to God’s instructions to work.
(iii) It enables human beings to look after / preserve the environment / be co-creators
with God.
(iv) It keeps the body physically fit.
(v) Human beings are able to obtain their basic needs / earn their living through manual work
(vi) It is a way of serving others / community
(vii) It enables human beings to develop their talents / abilities.
(viii) Manual work gives satisfaction / fulfillment
(ix) It keeps one busy / active
(b) Activities that the youth should engage in during their leisure time
(i) Taking part in church choir / singing.
(ii) Helping the sick / needy.
(iii) Taking part in retreats / seminars / camps
(iv) Reading Christian literature.
(v) Playing games.
(vi) Planting flowers / trees / cleaning the compound.
(vii) Watching TV / listening to Christian music / messages.
(viii) Taking part in Bible study.
(ix) Visiting their friends/relatives
(c) Consequences of denying employees rest
- It may lead to poor working relations.
- The organization may realize low output.
(iii) The workers may resort to a strike action / go slow,
- Some of the employees may lose their job through sacking/resignation,
(v) It can lead to poor health / death.
- It may lead to break| up of families.
- It can lead to labour conflicts between the employer/ employee,
- Mistrust may arise leading to close supervision,
- Employees may develop negative attitudes towards work.
- Accidents are likely to occur.
- Vandalism
6 (a) Ways in which Christians can contribute towards maintenance of law and order in society.
(i) By obeying the law of the land / leading exemplary lives,
(ii) By respecting the lawful authority.
(iii) Through rehabilitating criminals.
(iv) By condemning acts which violate human rights/unjust laws.
(v) Through educating the masses on their rights and responsibilities.
(vi) By sharing what they have with the needy,
(vii) By praying for peace / the national leaders / citizens,
(viii) By preaching on the importance of law and order/peace,
(ix) Forgiving others freely.
(x) Reporting criminals to the relevant authorities,
(xi) Through-reconciling the waring-parties.
(xii) Through guidance and counseling services.
(b) Methods of disciplinary errant members in traditional African communities.
(i) Paying fines.
(ii) Denying children food for sometime.
(iii) Reprimanding wrong doers.
(iv) Giving unpleasant names to reflect the wrong that the person has done
(v) Denying culprits access to social occasions / being detained / isolation.
(vi) Summoning an indiscipline member before the council of elders.
(vii) Excommunicating wrong doers from the community.
(viij) ‘Through caning and beating.
(ix) Disowning by parents / relative / friends.
(x) Being cursed by elders,
(xi) Refusing to name children after them.
(c) Obstacles to effective maintenance of law and order in Kenya today.
(i) There is an increase in the rate of crime / the law enforcement officers can not
cope with the work load.
(ii) Due to unequal distribution of resources,
(iii) Permissiveness in the society.
(iv) Due to political instability / incitement by politicians,
(v) Extreme poverty.
(yi) Social discrimination.
vii) Some cultural beliefs / practices hinder effective maintenance of law/
(viii) High rate of unemployment.
(ix) Bribery / corruption.
- x) Greed for material wealth
(xi) Inadequate modern equipment to combat crime,
(xii) Delay in the delivery of justice to the offended.
(xiii) The citizens lack knowledge on the procedures for the effective maintenance of law and order.
C.R.E QUESTIONS PAPER 1
KCSE 2012
1.(a) Identify six literary forms used in the writing of the Bible (6 marks)
(b) State four reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by the
early Christians. (8 marks)
(c) Outline six ways in which Christians in Kenya use the Bible. (6 marks)
2.(a) Describe the covenant ceremony between God and Abraham in Genesis 15: 1-19.
(7 marks)
(b) Identify four differences between the Jewish and the traditional African practices of
Circumcision (8 marks)
(c) Give five reasons why church leaders take vows before starting their mission.
(5 marks)
3.(a) Describe six ways that king David used to promote the worship of God in Israel.
(6 marks)
(b) Explain four life skills that Elijah used to fight against false religion in Israel.
(8 marks)
(c) What problems do church leaders in Kenya face when carrying out their work?
(6 marks)
4.(a) Give four reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites worshipped
God. (8 marks)
(b) State six ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet
Amos. (6 marks)
(c) How does the church in Kenya punish errant members? (6 marks)
5 . a) From the call of Jeremiah, identify eight qualities of God (Jeremiah 1).
(8 marks)
(b) Give six characteristics of the New Covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.
(6 marks)
(c) Give six ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters. (6 marks)
6.(a) Describe five ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate
with God.
(5 marks)
(b) Give eight reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in
traditional African communities.
(8 marks)
(c) Give seven reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African communities.
(7 marks)
K.C.S.E 2012
C.R.E PAPER 2
- (a) Outline Micah’s prophecies about the Messiah (Micah 5: 1-5). (7 marks)
(b) With reference to Luke 1:13 -17, outline the message of angel Gabriel about John
to Zechariah. (7 marks)
(c) Give three lessons Christians learn from the incident when Jesus was dedicated.
(6 marks)
2.(a) Describe the incident when Jesus was baptised in river Jordan by John the Baptist
(Luke 3: 21-22). (5 marks)
(b) Outline seven reasons why Christians undergo baptism. (7 marks)
(c) Explain the importance of transfiguration of Jesus to Christians today. (8 marks)
- (a) Describe the incident of the healing of the ten lepers. (7 marks)
(b) Explain the teaching of Jesus on the power of faith (Luke 17: 1- 37). (8 marks)
(c) What lessons do Christians learn from the parable of the ten pounds?
(Luke 19:11-27) (5 marks)
4.(a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the body of Christ.
(8 marks)
(b) State six reasons why the use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth. (6 marks)
(c) In what ways do the Christians in Kenya demonstrate the New Testament teaching
on unity? (6 marks)
5.(a) Identify five sources of Christian ethics. (5 marks)
(b) Give seven reasons why Christians in Kenya condemn homosexuality. (7 marks)
(c) Explain how responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians in Kenya
today. (8 marks)
- (a) Outline the traditional African concept of wealth. (6 marks)
(b) Give eight reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today. (8 marks)
(c) Explain six ways the church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya today. (6 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________________
K.C.S.E C.R.E PAPER 11996
- Reasons why reading the bible is important to Christians
(i) It provides moral and spiritual guidance
(ii) Helps them discover the will of God/ God reveal himself through bible
(iii) Reading the bible is an aspect of Christians worship/ a way of worshipping
(iv) The bible is the basis of Christians doctrines and practices/ Helps in
understanding Christians doctrines/eschatological times.
- It gives guidance on the relationship among human beings/ and between human beings and God
- It is the word of God
- Christians come to discover who they are/ help a person discover his/ her worth dignity of the human person.
- It is a source of consolation to xtions/ gives hope to xtions/ personarace hope.
- Source of inspiration
- Source of knowledge/ enlightened/ improves their knowledge
- Helps in spiritual development and maturity/ enlightens them/ improve their faith
- Helps them understand the universe/ environment/ their relationship to it.
- Helps them understand the meaning of their lives and relationship to God/ and to one another.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teaching on the relationship between human being and the environment from Genesis stories of creation
- Both human beings and the environment were created by God/ common origin
- Human beings are superior to all other creatures
- Human beings should take care of the environment/ preserve and conserve it
- Human beings have authority over the rest of creation subdue the earth
- Human beings should enjoy God’s creation/ the rest of creation was made for the human beings/ use for glory of God
- All creation is very good human beings should treat the rest of creation with reverence respect.
- Human beings and the environment ( rest of creation) are independent/ over their existence to each other.
- Human beings and the rest of God’s creation have a common destiny.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God in the wilderness during the
Exodus
(i) They celebrated the three yearly feasts to honour and thank God- the Passover Pentecost and Tabernacle.
(ii) Three times a year all the menfolk presumed themselves before God
- They built an altar of earth for God
- On the alter they sacrificed the holocaust and communion sacrifices from their flocks and heads
- They hallowed the altar of God/ kept it holy
- Approached God’s altar with respect/ honour/ reverence
- They observed the ten commandment to guide them in their day to day living
- They assembled at the foot of Mount Sinai and God gave them the Ten commandments
- They made tabernacle (tent of meeting) which symbolized God’s presence among them.
- They gave offerings of various articles to God e.g. gold, bronze, silver and oil
- They burnt incense to the Lord
- They observed the Sabbath as a day of worship
- They prayed to God/ some praised / danced
- They held the covenant ceremony at mount Sinai
- They paid a tithe for upkeep of the tabernacle
- They consecrated the tent of meeting
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Challenges faced by Prophet Elijah (challenges faced by Elijah himself)
(i) There was widespread idolatry and apostasy among the Israelites / worshiping
false god
- There was corruption and injustice as people rejected the covenant way of life
- There was religious persecution and hostility ( Jezebel had put to death some of prophets of Yahweh) and those who escaped with their lives went into hiding
- The people had abandoned the worship of Yahweh and ignored to life and practicing syncretism the covenant way of life.
- He had to face opposition and even threats on his life from Jezebel and Arab
- There were false prophets of Baal and Asherah who were brought to Israel by Jezebel to promote false religion
- He had to face king Ahab and challenge him for misleading the people
- Convincing the people that he was a true prophet of Yahweh
- Had to prove to Israel that it is Yahweh who was the true god and not Baal by holding a contest at mountCannel in which he challenged the prophets of Baal
- He had to endure hardships in the wilderness
1 mark for properly analyzed answers ½ for narrated answers
- Jesus teaching on sin
(i) Jesus has power to forgive sins
(ii) God forgives people’s sins on condition that they also forgive others
- We should ask God to forgive our sin/ should repent
- We should ask God to protect us against sin.
- Nothing is covered that shall not be revealed sins will be exposed
- Sin comes from the heart
- Sin is not only the act but evil thoughts also
- We should forgive each other our sins
- Those who cause/ lead others to sin will be severely punished
- Forgiveness of sin should be limitless
- Sins that are forgiven on earth are also forgiven in heaven
- Sin leads to death ( Luke 13: 1-5) sin leads to punishment/ loss of God kingdom / separation from God
- All other sins are forgivable by God except the sin of blasphemy
- Sin should be condemned / rebuked
- Instructions given by Jesus to his disciples on how to pray
- Prayers must be honest/ sincere
- To humble themselves before God during prayer/ not to exalt oneself rather be humble.
- Prayer should be addressed to God who is the loving heavenly father
- To be persistent in prayer/ wait patiently for God to answer prayers/ Not to loose hope
- To have faith in God hence prayer
- Prayers should be short, clear and to the point
- Should show honour to God before making any request
- Prayer should be made in private/ silent places (Jesus always withdrew from the crowd to go and pray).
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Bible reading is important to Christians
- To help in search of spiritual knowledge
- It is read to increase Godly knowledge
- Help Christians learn virtues/ morals hence be role models to others
- Helps in giving instructions to Christians on how to live Godly lives/ it is instructional
- It is used as the main reference book by the pastors/ priests/ evangelists during preaching
- Used as a guide on how God expects us to live
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teachings on the use of wealth from the story of the Rich man and Lazarus
- Wealth should not be used to buy luxuries when others are suffering languishing in misery and poverty/ not for ones glory
- Wealth should be sued to alleviate the suffering of others/ to help the poor and the needy
- The rich should show concern for the suffering of others
- Wealth should be used to spread the good news/ Glorify God
- Use the earthly wealth to acquire a place in the kingdom of God
- Wealth should not be used to oppress humiliate the poor
- Wealth should not be used selfishly/ should be shared
- Ways in which the Roman Empire helped in the spread of the holy church
- The persecution of Christianity by Roman authorities forced Christian to disperse in different parts of the empire to escape persecution. As they went to spread the Good news and where they settled they started the Christian community. The blood of the martyr is the seed of the church.
- The roman authorities had provided good roads and other infrastructure which make communication easy. Thus Christians missionaries and preachers were able to travel with relative ease.
- The roman authorities maintained law and order therefore peace a factor which enabled Christian missionaries to travel safely within the empire
- There was unity in the Roman empire, under the ruler in Rome thus citizens of the empire could move from place to place without hindrance or visas. A factor which helped the Christians missionaries in their travels
- Greek was the common language ( Lingua- Franca) of the empire which enabled the Christians to communicate their message wherever they went
- The empire had adopted Greek education philosophy and cultures which provided a point of departure in preaching the gospel.
- The organization skills of the Roman administrators, provinces, city states and towns helped the Christians in founding churches
- There was some degree of religious freedom which had allowed Jewish synagogues to exist in cities from where the missionaries started preaching the
- The roman authorities gave roman citizenship to non- romans which allowed them the same privileges as the Roman themselves. Those Christians like Paul who had this citizenship could travel throughout the empire with guaranteed safety and
- Later part of roman empire, Christianity was encouraged by Emperor Eenstantine.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Activities of the church in Kenya which show the Holy Spirit is working
among Christians
- Praying e.g. individual, congregational
- Decision making in the church/ solving issues and problems in the church
- Faith healing/ healing the sick
- Speaking in tongues
- Singing in tongues
- Singing and dancing/ music
- Preaching/ teaching
- Giving of offertory and alms/ sadaka
- Condemning on the prophetic ministry of the church
- Hold fellowship meeting/ Bible study/ reading the bible
- Celebrating of sacraments e.g. Eucharist/ Lord’s supper
- Bringing new converts to the church
- Pastoral care and consulting
- Helping the poor and the needy
- Working together of the churches/ ecumenism/ co-operation
- Writing Christians literature e.g. books/ pamphlets/ magazines
- Confession of sins/ reconciliations
- Education/ giving instructions
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways of showing respect to the Government
(i) Obeying the laws and observing the constitution of the nation
(ii) Working towards the welfare/ development of the country
- Performing the duties expected of them/ entrusted to them faithfully
- Preaching against sin/ Evil e.g. injustice, exploitation, tribalism, sexism, oppression
- Exercising their civic rights e.g. right to vote, during elections
- Pray for the government and for leaders, the welfare of the nation
- Preaching peace/ love/ justice and reconciliation
- Being involved in charitable work to supplement government efforts e.g. helping the sick, poor, old, people with special needs
- Working towards the establishment of good social relationships
- Teaching the people to obey the laws of god/ teaching of Jesus to mould them into good citizens of the country
- Paying taxes to the state
- Christians serve in the government as civil servants
- Report law breakers/ evil doers to the authorities
- Observing/ celebrating national days
- Avoiding activities that undermine the government or lead to breakdown of Law and order e.g. illegal strikes, demonstrations
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Duties of Traditional African healers/ counselors( As a counselor)
- They carefully listened to people’s problems
- Created a report/ good relationship with the patients/ trust/ confidence
- Showed interest/ concern/ compassion to the people’s problems
- Asked carefully worded questions to elicit appropriate responses. (These could be questions on the patients life expenses, his/ her family about friends and enemies
- Analyzed the information given to identify the cause (s) of problems
- They gave their patient assurance that the problem be solved
- They offered remedies for the problems/ Situations to the problems/ giving medicine
- Made appointments for future consultation. Follow – ups
- Gave advice to the patients evil or harm e.g protective charms medicine.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which people in Traditional African Communities helped bereaved families
- They visited the bereaved/ stayed with them/ kept them company/ gave them moral support
- Consoled them though singing, dancing, praying, giving words of comfort
- Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
- Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking, cleaning, welcoming mourners running errands
- They attended the funeral to give the departed a good send- off
- Helped in preparing the body for burial
- Informed friends and relatives about the death
- Made a eulogy to praise/ to testify the deceased’s contribution to the community
- Participated in rituals/ ceremonies performed by the bereaved family e.g. slaughtering, eating, dancing, cleansing
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why courtship was important in Traditional African Marriage
- It helps in identification of suitable marriage partners
- The two families involved in marriage negotiations ( of the boy and girl) established relationship/ familiarization
- The boy and girl had the opportunity to learn one another and their families
- Offered the opportunity to check/ establish whether the two people ( boy and girl) are related. Near kin to each other
- Offered opportunity to establish whether the two people came from marriageable clans/ families
- Cemented/ strengthened the relationship between the two families through exchange of gifts mutual visits sharing of food and drink
- Gave the two families time to negotiate for dowry
- Gave time to the family of the young man to look for and pay dowry or part of it.
- Gave the two families time to arrangements
- Gave time to the girl and boy to be instructed in family life education/ prepare them for a marriage relationship
- Boy and girl were instructed on their duties responsibilities/ privileges in the community
- Gave time to establish whether the boy and girl weren’t for marriage e.g. on virginity, impotency, infertility, frigidity
- (not marriage but courtship)
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Problems which Dr, J L Krapf experienced as a missionary in Kenya
- Hostile climate i.e hot and humid weather
- Language barriers, at first he could not communicate effectively with the local people
- Had to contend with tropical diseases e.g. malaria/ lack of proper medical facilities
- Suffered personal tragedies when he lost his wife and child through death
- Hostility from some quarters e.g. Muslim Arabs and Swahili. Suffered an attack by robbers when he traveled inland with Chief Kivoi
- Frustrations because the people he had come to work among were slow in accepting the gospel/ slow phase of the missionary work
- Problems of adopting to a different life style form the one he used to in Europe e.g. housing, food
- Suffered from loneliness
- Lack of transport
- Wild animals
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which missionaries helped to rehabilitate freed slaves
- They established freed slaves colonies/ centers in their mission stations e.g. Freetown, Rabai, Ribe, Jomvu, Mazeras where they provided the homeless freed slaves with home/ shelter and other basic needs
- They taught the freed slaves industrial/ vocational skills to help them become self- supporting e.g. carpenters, masons, Bricklayers
- Some of them were professionally trained as catechists, evangelists, teachers to enable them secure employment
- Provided them with formal education to help them improve their living standards and fir self – realization
- Taught Christianity/ converted to Christianity to create awareness of their human dignity and worth
- Some freed slaves were given jobs in the mission stations as teachers, catechists, evangelists
- They provided them with land on which to grow their food as well as provided them with agricultural tools/ material support for business
- They taught the freed slaves better agricultural methods to improve their yield
- They were taught health science, hygiene and home science to help improve their health
- They were provided with medical care and medicine
- Those who wanted to live outside the colony were allowed and helped to do so.
- They were helped to find marriage partners
- They were to observe very strict discipline/ helped in character building
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Why missionaries condemned female circumcision
- They argued that the practice was unnecessary / useless
- They viewed the practice with abhorrence/ it was repugnant
- It was not keeping wife European uncivilized norms/ European civilization
- They condemned it was an absence act/ immoral act
- It was injurious to the health of the girls/ could lead to death though bleeding/ could cause infection/ had medical consequences especially in maternity cases
- It was unchristian/ not agreeable with the biblical teachings
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors which hinder Christians from helping the needy
- Too many needy cases
- Lack of experts to help in specialized areas e.g. in hospitals to help people with special needs
- Tribal/ ethnic feelings/ zoning prevalent at present/ marginalization
- Political learning’s and influence Christians belonging to a political party are not free to help needy people who do not belong where they belong
- Poor communication/ infrastructure in some parts of the country
- Some times aid has some strings attached donors dictate how aid should be spent// given used
- Economic demands/ inflation which leave Christians with nothing to help he poor with/ give/ lack of enough resources
- Indifferences by some Christians to the plight of the needy/ some Christians are too attached to their material wealth/ selfishness
- Corruption/ bribery prevailing in the society/ lack of transparency and accountability discourage some of the Christians from helping the poor
- Denominational factors where Christians from one denomination are not ready to help the needy who are not members of their church
- Lack of strategies/ procedure/ system on how help given is spent
- Lack of awareness by some Christians on almsgiving
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Causes of conflicts between parents and children
- Age gap between the parents and children, where parents fail to understand the children and children fail to understand the parents
- Lack of concern by the parents to the needs and interests of their children
- Unwillingness by the children to perform duties accept instruction by the parents
- Children expecting too much from their parents and vice versa
- Failure by parents to give time/ spend time with their children because they are involved in other things/ guidance and counseling
- Children getting too involved with their peer group and have place for parents
- Failure by parents to command respect from their children because of their weakness or failures
- Failure by parents to set good examples to their children/ poor role models
- Extreme poverty which dehumanizes/ extreme wealth which may spoil some children- doing what they want
- Some children are not informed about their responsibilities to the family and the community
- Parents putting too much restriction on their children’s freedom/ exercising too much control over the children / over protectiveness
- Too much freedom given to the children by the parents the pressure/ laxity by the parents to their children
- Marital problems by parents
- Influence of foreign culture/ mass media etc.
- Why Christians encourage young people to seek church weddings
- Marriages is God- ordained/ Marriage is holy/ a sacrament
- So the young people can learn and accept the teachings of the church on marriage
- So they can have God’s blessings for their marriage
- It is a respectable way to publicize the marriage/ publicly announce that the two people are man and wife
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 (313/2) 1996
- (a) Circumstances which led to the exile of Israelites from in Babylon
- Towards the end of the seventh century B.C the Babylonians had become the most powerful nation in the middle East through conquest
- The Israelites had forsaken the covenant way of life with the neighbours/ the leaders of the people were corrupt/ there was social injustice/ lack of moral responsibility/ accountability
- The Israelites had broken the covenant relationship with God by forsaking the religion of their forefathers/ by worshipping idols/ practicing syncretism
- Intermarriages with non- Israelites brought in foreign influence which made the Israelites run away from Yahweh to other gods
- The Israelites also persecuted the prophets of Yahweh( Jeremiah) when they challenged them about their way of life/ hypocrisy in order to silence them.
- The Israelites failure to take the opportunity given to them by the prophets to repent.
- Israel had experienced a succession of weak rulers who did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
- In 605 B.C Nebuchadnezzar/ Babylonians defeated the Egyptians at Carchemish leaving no obstacle to prevent the Babylonians from marching north.
- The Babylonian army captured Judah/ the cities/ forced kind Jehonakim to accept Babylonian control ( became Nebuchadnezzar’s vassal).
- After three years of Babylonian rule, King Hehoiakim tried to overthrow the Babylonian rule (but he died suddenly) He was succeeded by his son Jehorachin)
- The Babylonians armies forced the new king/ Jehoiachin to surrender in 597 B.C leading to deportation to Babylon as exiles
- The Babylonians installed Zedekiah as their vassal in Judah and Surrounded the city of Jerusalem.
- In 587 B.C the Babylonians broke into the city/ completely destroyed the city/ temple of Jerusalem/ most of the people who survived the destruction were deported as exiles to Babylon.
8 x 2 = 16 mks
(b) Factors which cause disunity among Christians
(i) Selfishness/ greed for money by some Christians
(ii) Rivalry/ competition for leadership positions/ greed for power
- Misinterpretation by some Christians of the work of the Holy Spirit
- Arrogance/ Pride by some Christians
- Corruption in the church
- Failure by the church leaders to live according to the law of god/ their failure to live exemplary lives
- Lack of concern by some Christians about the plight of others
- Misinterpretation of the Bible/ doctrinal differences
- Misuse of church funds/ power by some leaders
- Lack of transparency/ accountability in running church affairs
- The emergency of charismatic movements in the church creates a situation where some Christians think they are more equal/ holier than others.
- Political interference where Christians find themselves in different political camps
- Sexism/ women are not involved in decision making they are under represented
- Discrimination against the youth churches ignoring the youth in the running of the church
- Tribalism where Christians are divided along tribal lines/ racism
- Denominational differences.
(9 x 1 = 9 mks)
- (a) Occasions when the angel appeared
(i) The angel appeared to Mary in Nazareth and told her she would be pregnant and will give birth a son who will be called the son of the most High God.
(ii) The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and told him to take Mary as his wife, when he was contemplating on leaving her when he found out that she was pregnant. The angel told him that she was conceived by the Holy Spirit.
- After the birth of Jesus, the angel of the Lord appeared to the shepherds who were looking after their flocks at night and informed them of the birth of the saviour in Bethlehem
- After the visit of the Magi, the angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph and told him to take Mary and Baby Jesus and escape to Egypt because Herod would be looking for the child to kill him.
- After the death of King Herod, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in Egypt and told him to take Jesus and his mother and return to Israel because Herod who tried to kill the child was dead
(4 x 8 = 8 mks)
Occasion———— 1 mk to be marked as a
Message ————- 1 mk to be marked as b
- Methods used by Jesus to spread the gospel
- Preaching/ teaching the good news in the synagogues. He preached in the synagogues in Nazareth and throughout the country ( Luke 4: 42 – 44)
- Through the healing miracles/ curing various diseases. Healing of the paralytic ( Any other miracle)
- Raising the people back to life. Raising of Jairus Daughter ( Any other)
- Casting out evils spirits/ exorcism. Healing the man with an evil spirit at Capernaum. ( Any other exorcism
- Through miracles of nature. Calling of the storm ( any other
- Giving of discourses/ sermons. Sermon on the mount/ Oschatological discourse. ( any other.
- Through the use of parables/ allegories. The parable of the sower ( any other)
- Setting good examples for his disciples/ others to emulate. Washing the disciples feet, forgave sinners, died on the cross. ( any other)
- Use of live examples/ visual aids. Used a child to teach on meekness. Innocence as a prerequisite for entry into the kingdom
- Delegated his disciples to go on a preaching mission. Mission of the 12/72.
- Through house visits. Visited the home ofMary and Martha. Simon the Pharisee/ Levi/ Zacheaus/ the sinful woman/ the disciples at Emmaus (Any other.
- Use of the demonstrations/ role play, washing of feet. ( any other.
- Question and answer/ asking probing questions “ who do men say I am”?/ Any other
- Giving private tuition to his disciples. When he explained to them the meaning of the parable of the sower/ when he taught them how to pray/ the last supper . ( “do this in remembrance of me”)
- Teaching in the temple of Jerusalem. During the holy week be taught in the temple every day.
- Used life experiences of the people/ human experience. When he asked for a coin to answer the question on payment of taxes to Caesar.
- Taught from the known to the unknown. Conversations with the Samaritan woman ( any other)
- Use of the Old Testament texts to back his teachings/ elaborate his teachings. Read the book of Isaiah in the Synagogue in Nazareth.
- He evaluated his listeners after teaching. After the parable of the good Samaritan, he asked the teacher of the law. “in your opinion, which one of these acted like a neighbour towards the man attacked by robbers”? The teacher of the Law answered,” The one who was kind to him.” Jesus told him to go and do likewise.
- He Commanded people to do and witness what they had been taught and what they had seen. Gerasene demoniac.
- Use of wise sayings e.g. “salt is good, but if it loses its saltness, there is no way to make it salty again. ( any other)
9 x 1 = 9 mks)
( To get a mark, a candidate must give the method and example)
- (a) Problems faced by Jesus during his ministry
(i) Rejection by his own people in Nazareth
(ii) Death threats in Nazareth/ by Herod
- He was accused of breaking the law of Moses ( e.g, working on the Sabbath day/ eating with unwashed hands/ etc
- He was accused of being a friend of sinners and publican/ associating with sinners and publicans
- He was accused of being the prince of demons/ Beelzebub/ Beelzebul
- Faced opposition from the Jewish leaders
- Temptation by the devil
- Was questioned by the Jewish leaders so that they could use his answers to arrest/trap/ put him to death
- Was betrayed by Judas
- Was arrested/ agony
- Was deserted by his disciples after his arrest
- Was denied by peter
- Was falsely accused of blasphemy/ treachery/ treason
- Faced trials before the Sanhedrin/ Pilate/ Herod
- Was sentenced to death although he was innocent
- Was whipped by Pilate
- Was forced to carry his own cross
- Was crucified on the cross
- Mocked/ humiliated when he was hanging on the cross
- Was pierced on his side/ a crown of thorns was placed on his head
- Convincing his disciples about the way he was to fulfil his messianic role ( Through suffering and death.
- (a) Jesus teaching in the parable of the sower
(i) The word of God is preached to all people, but different people
take it in different ways
- Some people hear the word of God, but the devil come and takes it away, so that they do not believe get saved
- Some people hear the word of God and receive it gladly, but when problems come they forget it. Fail away.
- Some people hear the word of God, but it does not take in their hearts because the worries/ riches/ pleasures of the world crop and in the choke the word
- Some people hear the word of God and keep it in their hearts until they bear fruits
- Christians should keep the word of God in their hearts and should spread it to others.
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
- (b) How the early Christians preserved the teaching of Jesus
(i) Through worship e.g. Prayers/ praises
(ii) Preaching the good news to others/ baptism
- Teachings/ instructions by the apostles
- Putting the teachings of Jesus into practice/ committed to Jesus teaching (e.g. helping the poor/ sharing e. t.c)
- By witnessing about Jesus/ testimonies
- Celebrating of the Lord’s supper’
- Missionary work
- Writing/ keeping a written record of the teachings of Jesus/ what he did and said.
- Keryoma/ oral traditions
- Through their faith in Jesus Christ
- Allowing the Holy Spirit to guide them
- Welcoming/ winning the converts into the community
- Through counseling/ pastoral care
- Through writing letters/ epistles
- Through visiting other members
- Sharing of the good news among themselves/ fellowship
- Apostle training e.g. Paul trained Timothy
- Accepting to suffer/ persecution and even death for the sake of the gospel
- Incorporating people’s culture into the gospel ( E.g. Hellenism/ Greek Philosophy)
( 9 x 1 = 9 mks)
- Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Good news
- Reading the bible to others
- It is used for instructing new converts
- Preaching/ preaching the bible
- Used as a textbook in Christians Religious in schools and colleges
- Used as a basic reference book in general dissemination/ reach for knowledge
- Christian hymns/ songs are derived from the bible ( E.g. Psalms, magnificent, benedicts.
- Distribute bible to individuals/ institutions making them available for all read
- Translation of the Bible into vernaculars so that people can read/ understand it in their own language
- Used in taking of oath/ making promises ( e.g. swearing in members of parliament, in law courts)
- Christians literature book, pamphlets/ magazines) quote the bible/ use it to back their teaching/ messages.
( 8 x 1 = mks)
- (a) Reasons why cleansing rituals were important in traditional
African Communities
- Cleansing rituals were used to expiate/ forgive wrongdoers of their sins
- Cleaning ceremonies/ rituals were performed to protect individuals/ families/ community against repercussion for the wrong done
- Helped to maintain good inter – personal relationship / cohesion in the community/ reconciliation of the parties.
- For purification/ acceptance of members who had been declared ritually unclean/ or had broken taboos, so that they could continue with their normal activities in the society, ( e.g. after childbirth/ those who had committed murder/ adultery/ after bereavement/ etc.
- To appease the ancestral spirits
- Cleaning rituals were part of the rites of passage. (Individual had to go through ritual cleaning to signify that they had left their old selves and acquired different status. ( e.g. circumcision/ death.)
- The cleaning of the body before burial was prepared the deceased for the new life.
- To rid individual/ families/ community of evil
- To send away evil spirits/ forces
- To protect against calamities/ problems/ sicknesses/ epidemics
- Cleansing rituals were performed to persuade the spirits of the dead not to linger around the homestead/ cause misfortune to the family.
(8 x 2 = 16 mks)
- Factors which promoted harmony in traditional African Communities
- Sharing of resources among members of the community, (e.g food and drink)
- Participation in communal activities/ work ( according to sex/ age/ status).
- Participation of individual in social activities which through people together ( e.g. during harvest festivals, communal dances and games)
- Involvement of all members of the community to celebrate the rites of passage/ rituals accompanying them ( e.g. birth, initiation, marriage, death)
- People in the community were governed by rules/ regulations and taboos/ which were strictly observed
- Those who deviated from the norms of the society were punished/ prescribed punishments for the wrong doers/ which discouraged vices ( such as cheating, dishonesty, greed, disobedience).
- Children were educated on the values/ virtues/ their duties/ responsibilities obligations to the community.
- There was continued education for all members of the community on what was expected of them.
- Ancestral land was communally owned/ there were no landless people in the community.
- Extended family system ensured that children / orphans and the widows were taken care of by other members of the extended family.
- Communal way of solving individual/ family problems promoted understanding in the community.
- Division of labour/ the roles of each individual member of the community were defined and adhered
- A system of taking care of the needy/ the disadvantaged/ strangers existed
- The people held the same religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
- The people believed that they had a common origin, the Kikuyu believed that they are children of Gikuyu and Mumbi
- The communities had their own mechanism of defending themselves against outside invaders
- Each community had its own social/ political organization and the members simply fitted in the system
- (a) Factors which favoured the spread of Christianity in Kenya
between 1900 and 1914
- The completion of the Uganda railway linking the coast to the hinterland of Kenya made it easier/ safer for the missionaries to travel to the mainland
- The colonization of Kenya by the British helped in the establishment of law and order which enabled the missionaries
- Settle among different communities/ carry on with their work
- The building of towns roads/ the installation of other infrastructure by the colonial government connecting their administrative centers enabled the missionaries to move with relative ease.
- The colonial administration favoured the missionaries ( whom they saw as complementing their work) by ready giving them land certificates of occupation. ( the missionaries enjoyed support of the colonial administration as both were working as “allies” to introduce western concepts.
- The colonial administration provided security/ protection necessary for the successful work of the missionaries
- Some Africans were not so successfully in their tribal setting and were quick to join the “new” religion where they were recognized
- The need for western education provided by the missionaries attracted Africans to the mission stations. ( some people were quick to realize the importance of education in the new colonial set –ups e.g. acquisition of job employment/ better living standards
- The missionaries/ colonial administration used chiefs to persuade their people to send their children to mission schools
- The need for western medicine ( led to the establishment of hospitals/ health centers/ dispensaries/ clinics by the missionaries made some Africans who sought treatment to come in to contact with Christianity.
- The oppression and exploitation of the Africans by the administration and settlers created room for Christians teachings/ helped to develop friendship and trust between the missionaries and the Africans
- Need for development by those Africans who were quick to realize that Christianity went hand in hand with development.
- (a) Reasons why some Christians are opposed to capital punishment
(i) It is against the human rights to take away an individuals life.
(ii) God’s law forbids human beings form killings/ committing
murder. (“You shall not kill”)
- Capital punishment does not serve/ fulfill the purpose for which punishment is intended, i.e retribution/ warning/ reform/ discouragement from repeating the offence.
- It is an attack on the human dignity of an individual
- Human beings are made in the image/ likeness of God, so capital punishment is destroying then image of God in human beings
- It is a criminal attack on another person in the eyes of Christians
- It is God who gives life and only God has the right to take it.
- The judge who pronounces capital punishment on the accused person may be prejudiced/ unjust/ dishonest/ might make the wrong judgment
- Human beings are imperfect/ they cannot assess the responsibility of the offender with absolute accuracy/ God alone is accurate ( e.g person might be accused wrongly/ human beings are unable to assess the inner intentions of the offender. How much evil was done).
- God’s intention of punishment is to bring repentance/ reform ( capital punishment denies an individuals this opportunity
- Those who execute punishment/ the offender/ their family/ suffer degradation
- Deprive a family community of a member
- It is irreversible
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (b) Lessons from Jesus Trial by Pilate
(i) Jesus was innocent/ did not deserve death
(ii) Christians should not accuse other falsely
- Should not be intimidated/ influenced by others to do/ say what
they know is wrong
- Should only do what is pleasing to God and not what pleases fellow human beings
- Should strive for justice/ fairness regardless of the cost
- Should be careful in judging/ accusing others/ passing judgment on others
- Should give examples to others/ give guidance
- Jesus is the messiah/ son of God.
(8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c) Ways in which Christians help those who have been released from
Prison
- Visiting them so that they may feel wanted in the society / invite them to their homes
- Pray for them
- Preach the good news of salvation to them
- Provide them with basic necessities (e.g shelter, food and clothing)
- Show them love/ concern
- Involve them in the community/ church activities
- Provide them with guidance and counseling to help them and reform
- Welcome them into the church
- Help them to become self- reliant by helping them acquire employment/ survival skills for self/ job employment
- Listen to them/ help them solve problems
- Counsel their families to accept/ forgive them.
9 x 1= 9 mks
K.C.S.E MARKING SCHEME 1997
C.R.E PAPER 1
- The responsibilities given by God to human being in the Genesis stories of creation
(i) Procreate – To rule over the rest of creation/ to care, conserve
and preserve the environment
(ii) Take care – To be in charge of the fish, the birds and all the
birds and all the animals/ rule over God’s creation
(iii) In charge – To cultivate the garden and guard it
(iv) Eat – To eat from the fruits of the garden
(v) Obey – To obey God/ God’s command
(vi) Marry – to get married/ should marry
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- The qualities of Moses shown during His call
(i) Care/ cautiousness
(ii) Inquisitiveness
(iii) Respect/ cautiousness
- Patience
- Obedience
- Wisdom/ intelligence
- Courage/ Bravery/ fearlessness
- Faith/ trust
- Consistence/ reliability
- Humility
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Five qualities of the servant of Yahweh according to prophet Isaiah
(i) Messiah – Chosen one of God/ God’s anointed/ messiah
(ii) Pleasing – Pleasing to God
(iii) Spirit filled – God’s spirit is in film
(v) Patience – Patience/ tolerance/ endurance
(vi) Humble – Humility
(vii) nonviolence – gentleness/ non- violence
(viii) Courage – Courage
(ix) Righteousness – Righteousness/ holiness/ uprightness
(x) Liberator – Liberator from oppression/ saves/ redeemed/
Restores
(xi) – God is glorified in him/ reflects God glory
(xii) Teacher – Knowledge/ teacher/ ready to learn
(xiii) Constant – Stead fastness/ constant
(xiv) Hope – Hope
(xv) – Vindicated/ free of guilt/ innocent
(xvi) – He is faithful/ obedient
(xvii) – Messenger of goods news
(xviii) – Prosperity
(xiv) – Divinity/ supernatural
(xv) – Power/ almightiness
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors which led to the division of the kingdom of Israel
(i) Foreign wives – Solomon had married many foreign
princesses who bought high places ( idols) with them the worship of foreign gods to Israel.
(ii) Sol. Worship ( idols) – Solomon not only allowed his foreigners
wives to worship their gods but also built high places of worship where his wives worshipped their gods. This displeased God.
(iii) – Solomon broke the covenant with God by
disobeying his commands not to worship foreign gods. ( 1 kings 11: 9- 10)
(iv) Over taxation – In order to support his harem of wives and
court officials, Solomon needed a lot of money and this he got by overtaxing his subjects. This was oppression.
(v) Forced labour – Solomon spent years and a lot of resources
building his own palace and the temple, projects made him introduce forced labour in Israel.
(vi) Kingdom divided redness of Jeroboam
- The over- taxation and forced labour made the Israelites dissatisfied with Solomon’s rules. The dissatisfaction among the Israelites found a spokesman in Jeroboam.
(vii) After Solon’s death his son Rehoboam succeeded him/ rejection of the
advice from the old men
(viii) Jeroboam led a delegation of Israelites elders to Rehoboam to ask him to
rule them less harshly than his father Solomon. The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion.
(ix) Rehoboam rejected the counsel of the elders who advised him to tell the ` delegation that he would rule them less harshly than Solomon.
The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion
(x) He listened to the young men who told him to tell the delegation that he
would rule them more harshly than his father cared for him/ Rehoboam listened
The readiness of Jeroboam to lead a rebellion/ encouragement from prophet Elijah to lead the rebellion North
(xi) When Rehoboam told the delegation that his rule would be harsher than his father’ they were so angered and the ten northern tribes of Israel rejected him as King and rebelled against him.
- The rebellious tribes chose Jeroboam as their king and only the two southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained under the Kingship of Rehoboam. The redness of Jeroboam to lead rebellious tribes/ encouragement of Prophet Elijah to lead rebellion tribe.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- The Teachings of John the Baptist about Jesus Christ
- Jesus is great/ famous/ greater than John
- Jesus will bring God’s Salvation/ saviour/ save humanity from sin
- He will proclaim judgment
- He will punish sinners and reward he righteous/ believers/ give eternal life to those who believe in him
- Jesus is the Messiah/ Christ/ God’s anointed
- Jesus is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world/ Jesus will die for the sin of humanity/ save humanity from sin
- Jesus will lead the new community of believers ( Bridegroom)
- Jesus was sent by God / He is from God/ God’s messenger/ son of God
- Jesus is loved by God / God has given Jesus everything/ believed of God
- Jesus will be filled with the Holy Spirit
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Lessons about Jesus Mission from the incident when a woman caught in
Adultery was brought to him.
- Jesus mission was to teach/ Preach the good news
- Jesus mission was to justify/ fulfill the Law of Moses/ to fulfill the Law of the prophets.
- Jesus’ mission was to and for all people/ universal/ for all nations/ Jesus/ Mission did not discriminate against any group of people / it was fair to all
- Jesus did not come to judge/ condemn sinners but to save them
- Jesus mission was to seek and save the lost
- Jesus mission was to challenge the Jewish leaders in their attitudes/ their hypocrisy/ their interpretation of the law
- Jesus was going to experience problems/ difficulties/ temptations in his mission
- Jesus does not condone sin although he forgives the sinner
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Christians teachings about the Lord’s Supper
(i) The Lord’s Supper was inaugurated by Jesus
(ii) It is celebrated Jesus death and resurrection/ memorial of crucified and
risen Christ ( Anamnesis).
- The Lord’s supper is a gift from the lord
- It is a sacrifice of praise and thanks giving
- It is the Church’s effective proclamation of God’s mighty acts and promises
- It is a sign of the unity of the church/ believers
- It is the new Paschal meal of the church/ the meal of the new covenant which Christ gave to his disciple
- It is a sacramental meal which by visible signs communities God’s love in Jesus Christ / sacrament of Christ real presence
- The bread is a symbol of the body of Christ which was crucified
- The wine/ cup is a symbol of his blood which was shed/ blood of the new covenant.
- It is a foretaste of Christ poising and of the final kingdom/ symbolic of the heavenly banquets
- It is central to Christian worship/ Eucharistic.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Causes of disunity in the Early church
- The questions on the inclusion of the Gentiles in the church. Some Jewish Christians were not read to accept Gentle Christians in the church unless they underwent circumcision.
- There was negligence of the Windows in the distribution of food
- Disagreement between/ among leaders, e.g. Paul and Barnabas, Paul and Peter.
- Groupings in the church where some Christians did not live according to the teachings of Christ.
- The problem of the gifts of the Holy spirit some Christians became arrogant because they believed they were more gifted than others
- Different interpretations of the doctrines e.g. resurrection, sin, salvation, Christology holy spirit, dressing
- Behaviour during the celebration of the Lord’s supper
- Christians took other to pagan courts
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teachings about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the Day of Pentecost
- Jesus was from Nazareth
- Jesus had a human nature
- Jesus had a divine nature
- Jesus was attested by God to work miracles and wonders through Jesus
- Jesus death/ crucifixion was according to God’s plan
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Jesus conquered death/ has victory over death/ overcame death
- The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the prophecy of David. / the death and resurrection of Jesus were foretold by David
- Jesus is a descendant of David
- Jesus ascended into heaven/ is exalted at the right – hand of God
- The Holy spirit is a gift from Jesus
- God has made Jesus both Lord and Christ / Messiah
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Effects of Paul’s conversation on the early Christian church
- The persecution of Christians decreased as Paul had been their chief persecutor
- Expansion of the new faith through Paul’s missionary journeys/ evangelization
- The spread of the new faith to the Gentiles as Paul had been appointed apostle to the Gentiles
- Paul’s letter to different churches were included in the scriptures/ canonized
- Through his teachings and admonitions to different churches. Paul gave interpretations to Christians doctrines/ clarified the teachings of the church
- He helped set up structures in the early church e.g. types of leadership and thus church in a society
- By his examples of tolerance, Constance in faith the Gospel in spite of persecution he set a model for other Christians to emulate at this difficult time of persecution
- Paul defended the gospel against any attacks
- Teachings of saint Paul on the resurrection
- The resurrection of Jesus was foretold in the scriptures/ resurrected according to scriptures
- His appearance to Peter the twelve and the five hundred
- Jesus appeared to Paul
- Jesus resurrection is a proof that there is the resurrection of the dead
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Christians faith is found on their belief in the resurrection of Jesus
- Because Christ rose from the dead, all those who die will resurrect
- The resurrection of Jesus destroyed death/ was victory over death
- Baptism signifies that Jesus resurrected
- People will resurrect in new/ different spiritual bodies
- The trumpet will sound and the dead will be raised imperishable and all will be changed a day.
- Resurrection gives hope to believers/ Christians
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Lessons on the cost of discipleship from the Uganda
(i) Christians should be ready to suffer and even die for their faith/ should not
give up their faith during persecution/ held on the truth at all cost.
- Following Jesus can lead to suffering and even death
- Christians should be ready to deny themselves for the sake of the gospel
- They should rely on God help during persecution
- They should not conform/ compromise political social or traditional demands expense of their faith
- They should pray and forgive their enemies martyrdom should unite against oppression injustice and persecution
- They should be determined to carry out the work of God. Propagate the gospel witness to Christ. In spite of persecutions/ condemn evil.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Traditional African Practices which demonstrate people’s belief in God
(i) Praying to God
(ii) Offering of sacrifices
- Singing and dancing to God
- Giving children the names of God
- Building of shrines for God, e.g. mountains, caves, lakes, hills, forests
- Pronouncing blessings and curses in the name of God
- Taking oaths in the name of God/ making covenants in the name of God
- Giving instructions on / /t the teaching attributes of God
- Teaching of moral, taboos/ living virtues lives
- Invoking the name of God in times of problems
- Visiting holy scared places
- Telling stories of creation/ origin of life and death to their descendants
- Using proverbs and riddles to uncover the mysteries of nature/ creation
- Caring for God’s creation/ sacred trees, animals and birds
- Consulting priest/ seers, prophets about God’s will.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when oaths were administered in Traditional African Communities
- During reconciliation ceremonies
- During marriage
- After initiation
- When preparing for a raid
- When deciding on cases/ setting disputes
- When a person was being adopted into a family clan or tribe
- When a person was being initiated into a secret society
- During installation of leaders ( oath of office
- When a community was threatened member took oath to remain united against the enemy
- During the making of peace treaties
- When buying land
- During naming ceremonies/ children dedicated to God/ ancestors.
- Occasions when the services of a medicine- man- were required in traditional African communities
- During sickness
- During initiations into adulthood
- Before important undertaking e.g raid, war, marriage
- During catastrophes e.g. drought, floods, death
- When a person required charms for protection against evil ort a portion to use to achieve a desired goal
- When it was necessary to dispel witchcraft/ magic/ sorcery and other forces of evil
- In case of impotence/ barrenness
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors which hindered the expansion of the missionary work in Kenya in the
19th Century
- Lack of trained personnel such as ministries, catechists, evangelistic and
teachers to do missionary work
- Lack of resources ( money), to expand the work and put up facilities
For missionary work
- Poor infrastructure e.g. roads and others means of
Missionaries could only stay in one station and traveling from one place to
Another was difficult .
(iv) Failure by missionaries to use appropriate methods and approaches to win
the Africans to Christianity.
(v) Negative attitudes and lack of interest by Africans to Christianity
(vi) Language problems, missionaries would not communicate effectively with the
local people and vice versa. Missionaries spent valuable time learning local languages which they could otherwise put into missionary work.
- Cultural resistance from the local people. Some people felt that becoming Christians would alienate them from their communities
- Environmental and geographical factors hostile climate, difficult terrains, droughts.
- Attacks by tropical diseases, e.g. Malaria, blackwater diseases
- Fear of wild animals
- Fear of hostile tribes, e.g. Maasai, Gallo
- Competition from other religious e.g. Islam and African traditional religious
- Rivalry among Mission societies/ denominations/ religion groups
- Attitudes of some missionaries towards Africans- considered Africans primitive/ savage / untutored/ unable to comprehend Christian abstract doctrines
- German missionaries were not accepted in British colonies
- Contradiction in the Christian message / some condemned use of alcohol while others tolerated it some condemned polygamy while others tolerated it, circumcision of women.
- Reasons why Kenyans are attracted to the church
(i) being members of a church gives the belonging/ identity
(ii) Some go to church as a form of leisure / routine/ habit
- To worship and join others in worship
- Some go to church to make friends / met friends/ socialize
- Others go to church to look for material help
- for spiritual growth/ development and nurture.
- To some, it is prestigious to go church/ seek popularity/ recognition
- To fulfill an obligation/ as a sense of duty
- To seek comfort and consolation
- To seek forgiveness and correction
- To physical and spiritual healing
- For guidance and counseling
- To cover up their sins/ crimes/ wrong doing/ hypocrism
- To seek God’s blessings
- To provide good education for their children/ get them Christian schools
- To follow the religion of their parents/ not to annoy their
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which the church could help street children
- Rehabilitate them/ reform them/ change them
- Try to link them up with their families / parents
- Give them guidance and counseling
- Provide them with the basics of life- food, shelter and clothing/ material support
- Help them to got to school/ provide leaving resources/ pay school fees
- Help in building home for them/ contribute to building homes
- Appeal to the governments and the non- governmental organizations and the community to help those children
- Persuade them to attend church and accept them into the churches/ give them moral support.
- Accept and welcome street boys to their homes
- Evangelize them/ win them to the church
- Start money generating projects for them
- Help equip them with survival skills for employment and self- employment
- Teach them values and morals e.g. cleanliness, honesty, self – respect
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which Christians practices social justice
- By sharing belongings and resources with those who dot have
- Helping the poor and the needy/ orphans
- Visiting the sick, prisoners, bereaved, the oppressed and the depressed
- Fulfilling their domestic obligations
- Fulfilling their civic obligations
- Provision of social services e.g. schools, hospitals and orphanages
- Fulfilling ecclesiastical obligations and responsibilities
- Praying for peace and justice
- Pointing for peace and justice
- Pointing out and correcting evil in society
- Calling for justice and the rule of law
- Caring for the environment
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Advantages of a monogamous marriage
(i) To achieve intimate oneness for two persons. Two is company, three is a
Crowd
- Wife, husband and children get undivided love
- It is easier to achieve complete faithfulness and trust
- It becomes easier to build mutual confidence
- Makes it easier to bring up children in a healthy and peaceful atmosphere
- It is the only legal marriage relationship in law and according to the church
- Reduces the risk of drug and alcohol use by the children and parents/ produces delinquency
- Helps to enhance/ improves family resources
- Wife is able to enjoy all the rights and privileges without threat and competition
- Reduce of the effect of injected with S.T.D.S
- Easier to achieve complete harmony and peace in the family
- The practices of inheritance upon the death of the father
- Children grow in confidence and develop love, trust and respect for the father
- Reduces rivalry in family / Favoritism/ jealously among wives and children
- Reduces cases of homicide
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313/2 1997
- a) Ways in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh.
- i) David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. (The Ark of the Covenant in Jerusalem signified the presence of God among his people). Yahweh’s presence was at the centre of Israel ‘s life).
- ii) He made Jerusalem the HoldCity / religious / spiritual capital to which Israelites from over the land came for important religious occasions.
iii) He composed psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites / Jews (e.g. reading / singing / reading)
- iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh (Nathan/God) listened to their
messages/advice/admonitions.
- v) When David made mistakes, he repented / asked for Yahweh’s
forgiveness/pardon.
- vi) David humbled himself before Yahweh/ he called himself the servant of
Yahweh / completely submitted to His will / obeyed God / was loyal.
vii) He advised others to obey God / to keep God’s commandments /
Shepherded Israel to true worship of Yahweh.
viii) David praised God through song/ dance / music.
- ix) David Wanted to build a house / temple for God (where the Ark of
the covenant would be kept / Israelited would meet for worship).
- x) David constantly prayed to God / Sought God’s guidance / Glorified
God / gave thanks to God.
- xi) He conquered the enemies of Israel so that they could live in peace / was a sign of God’s presence among them.
6 x 2 = 12marks
- b) What Christian learn about God from the call of prophet Isaiah.
- i) Transcendent (High and lifted up) exalted.
- ii) Almighty / all powerful / omnipotent.
iii) Majestic
- iv) Holy
- v) Glorious
- vi) To be glorified / praised / worthy of praise.
vii) To be worshiped / adored
viii) Sanctifies / cleanses / from sin / purifies
- ix) Punishes sin/ destroys
- x) God restores / forgives / pardons
- xi) He commissions/ sends / gives a task / proclaims / promises
a task / service.
xii) God chooses / uses / calls / makes a choice / selects to service /
whom to send.
- C) Ways in which Christians show gratitude to God.
- i) Through prayers / thanks giving/ praise / adoration/worship.
- ii) Through offertory / tithes.
iii) Caring for the sick / old / disabled.
- iv) Through song / dance / music.
- v) Dedicating themselves to the service of God/ church.
- vi) Preaching / teaching / witnessing to the Gospel / evangelizing.
vii) Working for the well – being / development of their community.
viii) Caring for the environment.
- ix) Taking caring of themselves.
- x) Obeying God’s laws / doing
- ix) Taking caring of themselves.
- x) Obeying God’s laws /doing God’s will dedicate to God’s service.
- xi) Acting as peace-makers/reconcilers.
- xi) Celebration of the sacraments.
xiii) Celebration of Christian Holidays/Sabbath /Feasts (e.g. Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost.
xiv) Observing the traditions of the church/ following the doctrines of the church.
- xv) Through writing/composing Christian literature/ songs
- xv) Through writings/ composing Christian literature/ songs.
xvi). Offering their time/talents for the wok of the church/ building worshipping places.
6×1= 6mks
2 a) Jesus Teachings about the Kingdom of God from His parables.
- i) It is God who establishes His Kingdom. He is like a sower. (parable of the sower).
- ii) God gives life to the kingdom so that it grows from within like a seed and spreads out irresistibly as yeast permeates the dough. (Parables of the Mustard seed/Yeast/leaven).
iii) Jesus has brought / ushered in the Kingdom of God/ through his works and his very person.
- iv) The kingdom of God is a present reality, as sower, God has sown the seed it is growing.
- v) The Kingdom of God is a future reality (eschatological)/ the kingdom of God is awaiting completion/perfection (the parable of the wheat and Tares).
Vi) The secrets of the Kingdom are reveal. Given to a chosen few, to others they are in parables. Hidden.
vii) The Kingdom of God is universal /for all peoples/nations (mustard seed).
viii) The Kingdom of God starts in a small way /grows secretly to include all the nations of the world (mustard seed/Yeast).
- ix) There will be judgment in the Kingdom of God/ God will separate the righteous and the sinners/ The righteous will be rewarded and sinners will be punished . (Wheat and the Tares).
- x) The Kingdom of God is for the righteous ones.
- xi) The Kingdom of God is precious / valuable (it was worthy forfeiting all else for the sake of the Kingdom ). (e.g Treasure/the pearl)
xii) God searches lost individuals and bring them back/ restore them to the Kingdom.
xiii) There is rejoicing in the kingdom when one lost individual is retrieved /brought back.
Note: Candidates do not have to quote the parable.
7 x 2 = 13mks (maximum)
- b) Obstacles that Christians could encounter in trying to promote social
justice in Kenya.
(i) Opposition from the rich/Government –who will not be willing to help/ share their riches with the poor.
(ii) Opposition from the powerful/those in power making positions-because they are not willing to share the power/power making positions with others.
(iii) Greed/selfishness/corruption – resulting in grabbing exploitation of the poor/powerless.
- iv) Political leanings/people belonging to a political party- are not willing to share power/wealth resources with those belonging to different political parties.
- vi) Racism-people belonging to a certain race discriminating against others.
vii) Different religious/ faiths/denominations-are not walling to help people of other faiths/denominations.
viii) Sexism-where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women.
- ix) Age factor- Where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women youth, as to them the youth are irresponsible/ inexperienced/the youth are not ready to share power/ responsibilities with the old because they are out of dead wood.
- x) The educated-who have no regard for the uneducated who they regard as ignorant.
6×2= 12mks)
- a) Saint Pail’s Teachings about Love (1 Cor. 13)
i It is a gift from God/ of the Holy spirit
- It is the most important gift
iii. It is patient / does not let down.
Iv It kind
- Not jealous/envious
vi Not conceited/Proud /not cruel/not self seeking
vii Not ill mannered
viii. Not selfish/it is generous/ not cruel/not self seeking.
Ix Not irritable/ resentful/not quick to anger/bears no grudges
- Does not keep a record of wrongs
xi Not happy with evil
xii It is happy with truth
xiii. Never give up/endures/not tired/tolerant/withstands long suffering
xiv Its faith/hope/patience never fails/it is reliable.
- It is eternal 8 x 1 = 9mks.
- b) i They left their jobs/occupations/families and followed Jesus.
ii Listened to /accepted his teachings/obeyed him.
iii Invited him to their homes (Mary and Martha/Peter/Levi)
iv They joined him in prayer
v Anointed him as a mark of great honour (Mary Magdalene/the sinful woman.
- Gave him physical protection (e.g. Peter).
vii. Served Jesus.
viii Accompanied/followed him from place/kept him company.
- Helped him to spread/teach/proclaim/preach the good news (e.g Mission of the 12/72/70)
- Showed concern/love for his well-being /cared for him.
Xi Advised him/sought advice from him.
Xii Glorified /praised him
Xiii Put their faith/trust in him were steadfast.
Xiv Addressed him as Rabbi/ master/Teacher/ respected him
- Paid tax for him
xvi. Peter was prepared to die with Jesus/followed him to the home of the High Priest during the trial.
Xvii Peter cried when he remembered he had denied Jesus.
Xviii Were present at the cross of Jesus/weeping.
xix. Removed his body from the cross/wrapped it/ buried it/were sad when he died.
Xx Took care of his mother.
Xxi were happy/ excited when Jesus resurrected.
xxii. Accompanied him to the mount of ascension.
Xxiii Waited on his promise of the Holy spirit in Jerusalem.
xxiv. Spread the Good News of Jesus Christ after his ascension.
8×1=8mks
- c) Problems faced by Church ministers in their work
- Lack of money/resources to pay their salaries/meet other expenses.
ii Poor housing/lack of housing for themselves/their families
iii some Christians might reject a minister/lack of acceptance by some Christians on grounds of education/age/tribe.
Iv What they preach/teach might make them unpopular with some members of the congregation/with the powers that be.
- Might work in geographical hostile environments where they might suffer from disease/drought/weather /traveling long distances.
- People might expect too much from them when they are only human. When they make mistakes people may not readily forgive them.
Vii some members may not co-operate with them.
viii. Might face un co-operate from other church leaders (e.g. Bishops/moderators).
- Might not be in agreement with some rules/regulations/ standing orders of the church.
- Pastoral problems might be too complex to deal with/might not be able to handle some people.
- Settling quarrels/disagreements/disputes without being seen to take sides
xii suffer from stress. Depression from personal problems/ problems form the congregation and have nobody to share with them/might not share problems with people for fear of exposing weaknesses.
Xiii Problems/ harassment form civil authorities/politicians who might want to use the church for their own benefits/accusation of involvement in politics.
Xiv Might not know how to deal with different groups in the church (e.g. youth/women/men/choir/revival groups).
Xv Might face cultural barriers. Language problems if they are not working in their home districts.
xvi. Temptations from worldly/ earthly pleasures/materials.
xvii. External factors-competition/rivalry from other religions/other Christian denominations.
xviii. Too much demand on their time/services by the members.
8×1=8mks
4 a) Measures taken by traditional African communities to discourage
pregnancies before marriage.
- Sex education was given to the youth in order to instill discipline/responsibility.
Ii The youth were made aware /advised/sensitized of the dire consequences of irresponsible sex leading to pregnancy before marriage.
iii. Sex before marriage was prohibitive in most traditional African communities virginity was highly valued.
- girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished/they were ostracized. Disowned by he family/put to death/forced to marry old/useless men.
v Young men who were found to have impregnated a girl before marriage were also punished /paid a heavy fine/reprimanded/banned by their age groups/ defamed in songs/ given nasty nicknames.
- Parents, (especially the mothers) were held responsible for their daughter conduct/ girls movements were closely watched and their movements monitored. Limited
vii. During social occasions(e.g dances) young people were supervised so that they did not misbehave.
Viii There was physical separation of sexes/boys and girls/ males, lived in separate houses.
Ix There were taboos/rules/regulations on sex relationships
X The entire traditional African community was concerned about the moral fiber /integrity.
Xi Sexes were taught to respect each other/treat each other with respect/ to respect their own bodies/maintain their dignity/ honour.
4 b) Factors which have contributed sexual immorality among the youth
- Drugs/alcohol abuse among the youth
- Permissiveness in the society/moral laxity /lack of discipline in the society.
Iii Pornography form print media/materials /literature/pictures.
Iv Poverty which has led some to turn to commercial sex/prostitution
V Lack of proper sex education for the youth.
Vi Changing life styles/urbanization resulting in overcrowded house/ lack of privacy.
Vii Influence form electronic media (e.g television. Video cassettes/cinemas).
Viii Availability of contraceptives which make the youth engage in sex education without any fear of pregnancies.
Ix Unemployment/Idleness the youth are lured into sex with promises of jobs/favors
X Stress/frustrations, force the youth to seek consolation in sex among other things.
Xi The wrong role models from the adults/the youth don’t have examples to emulate.
Xii Peer pressure/youth engage in sex to fit in their peer group/to be accepted.
Xiii Parents have abdicated their role of teaching the youth about the facts of life to the schools which doing very little/nothing at all.
7×1=1mk
4 c) Ways in which the church can help single parents
- should provide pastoral care/guidance and counseling/preaching to them .
ii Accept them in church/community.
Iii Provide them with material help where necessary/provide opportunity.
Iv Visit them/invite them to visits with them.
V Pray with them/for them.
Vi Involve them in church activities
Vii Encourage them to get married
Viii Invite them to church seminars on family life.
6 x 1=6mks
5 a) Practices in the Early church which are observed in the church in Kenya.
- Holding prayer/fellowship meeting (meeting together for prayers/for fellowship.
ii Observing a day of worship/having weekly worship services.
Iii Baptism of the new converts to make them full members of the church.
- Instruction of new converts in the Bible/Christian doctrines.
- Celebration of the Lord’s Supper/Eucharist/Holy Communion/Mass.
Vi Visiting /helping the sick /poor /orphans/the needy/widows.
vii. Giving of offertory/tithes for the work of the church.
Viii Meeting to discuss issues/problems/solve problems
Ix Teaching/preaching the Gospel
X Missionary work/evangelism/taking the gospel to those who did not have it spreading the gospel to new people/areas.
Xi Speaking in tongues/laying of hands to receive the Holy spirit.
Xii singing to/praise God
Xiii Pastoral care/guidance and counseling.
Xiv sharing of resources/sharing what they have with others.
Xv Sending of famine relief to those who have no food as a result of man-made/natural catastrophes/wars/drought/floods.
Xvi Celebrating Christian events (e.g Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost/Ascension days)
Xvii Healing/ spiritual healing/performing miracles.
xviii. Observing the Law of god/Ten commandments/Decalogue /the traditions of the church.
Xix reading/ studying of scriptures. 7×2=13mks.
5 b) Reasons why Missionaries condemned traditional African music and
dance.
- They regarded them as obscene/disgusting (e.g body movements/the songs)
ii They regarded them as evil/ satanic as they did with other aspects of African culture.
Iii They were regarded heathen /contradicting/ anti-Christian/ pagan practices/ witchcraft.
Iv Regarded them as demonstration of savagely dangerous harmful/barbaric.
- they assumed that they promoted sexual immorality/were immoral/led to sexual immorality.
Vi discourage the African Christians from going back to their old ways/practices
Vii To encourage the African Christians from going back to their old ways/practices.
Viii the missionaries condemned the African dance/music out of ignorance/they did not understand their/ language /social/religious significance.
Ix The music instruments used by the Africans were primitive according to the missionaries.
- the white missionaries were already biased/hated/did not like/that what was African was culturally inferior/primitive/should be abandoned.
Xi They wanted to liberate/ the Africans for the primitive culture/ practices so that they could embrace Christianity/western civilization (and all that it could offer).
5x =12
- a) Ways in which Christians make use of since and Technology make use of
science and technology to spread the Gospel.
- Through the use of electronic media (e.g radio/television/video cassettes/ cinemas to preach/ teach the good news.
ii Use public address systems when preaching to large congregations/during Christian crusades/rallies /conventions.
iii Make use of modern means of communication (automobiles aero plane /trains) to travel from place to place to preach/teach/ evangelize/to send.
Iv make use of recorded cassettes to preach/ for recording gospel music which people can listen to.
- Make use of modern musical instruments (electronic guitars/key boards for accompaniment in music.
Vi use of telephones/fax/postal service from station to station/country to country/which is essential in running of churches.
Vii Use typewriters/ computers printing machines has enabled the church to put messages/teachings in writing so that they can be read by more people/enabled them to print their literature for wider readership.
Viii Technology in architecture/building technology has enabled churches not only to put up sanctuaries from where to preach to the people but also to put up other complexes (e.g. halls, schools/officers) for the work of the church equip their hospitals/modern methods to treat the six /to carry out the healing ministry.
- Scientific research/innovations in different disciplines has been adopted by the church and this has contributed to their critically looking at methods/approaches used in spreading the gospel with the intention of changing to modern methods/ approaches.
X The use of modern technology in industry agriculture/commerce, has helped to bring more money in the churches which is essential in spreading the gospel/for the work of the church.
Xi use of modern equipment for leisure (e.g. games /music drama social activities/ parties )has helped to enhance the work of the church.
Xii scientific discoveries/explorations have gone a long way to affirm/ attest the truth of the Gospel (e.g. (Archaeological discoveries).
5×2 = 10mks
6 b) Religious significance of the environment in traditional African
communities.
i The environment was created by God/it is sacred/ to be reversed.
ii Each ethnic group believed that their homeland was given to them by God/it was a gift from God.
Iii In some communities, the most important oaths were taken by one taking the soil as a symbol of land/environment.
Iv African communities set aside certain places as sacred/ to symbolize God’s presence among them (e.g mountains/ forests/caves/rivers /trees). These places were also used as places of worship.
- some communities hat totemic animals/birds/heavenly bodies which were considered sacred.
Vi The environment demonstrated the relationship between god and the people at given times e.g drought/flood/epidemics) showed that God was annoyed with the people/good rains/ a bumper harvest/ green vegetation showed God’s blessings.
Vii People believed that it was their religious obligation to take care of the environment.
Viii Used the environment to reveal / understand God’s attributes/his nature (e.g. thunder/ lightning/ rain/ clouds/earthquakes/ volacanicity/eclipses/sun moon/stars.
- Rites of passages were connected to the environment/ circumcision blood flowed to the soil to blind the initiate to the ancestors/ birth –placenta was buried in the ground/upon death the body was buried in the ground.
- The Africans believed that the environment was the abode of the spirits/the living dead / the ancestors.
Christian Religious Education paper 1 313/1 1998
- The meaning of the expression the Bible is the Word of God’
(i) The Bible was inspired by God
(ii) The authors of the Bible wrote under the influence of the Holy Spirit
(iii) The bible deals with God’s revelation to human beings and their responses.
(iv) The Bible contains the true message of God for daily living
(v) God wrote the Ten Commandments on the stone tablets.
(vi) The Bible is the revealed word of God/God reveals Himself to us through His activity in the Old Testament and in the Holy Spirit in the Church today.
5×1=5mks
- Characteristics of God’s covenant with Abraham
(i) It was unconditional
(ii) It had promises to be fulfilled.
(iii) It had an outside sigh /circumcision.
(iv) It was sealed through sacrifice/ritual
(v) It was voluntary / the parties were willing to enter into covenant /mutual
(vi) It was solemn/binding
(vii) It was initiated by God
5×1=5mks
- Attributes of God as shown in the Jewish Passover
(i) God is merciful
(ii) God is faithful to His promises/covenant
(iii) God is omniscient /all knowing
(iv) God punishes the disobedient/stubborn
(v) God saves /rescue those he loves
(vi) God responds to / answers prayers
(vii) God is worthy of worship
(viii) God is omnipresent /always
5×1 = 5 mks
- Effects of idolatry to the Israelites
(i) The rejection/ignoring the covenant way of life (corruption and injustice)
(ii) The coming up of prophets who stood firmly for the covenant / prophets who reminded people of God’s covenant.
(iii) The adoption of the Canaanite worship by many Israelites / syncretism (temple prostitution. Incorporating Canaanites feasts, building temples and shrines.
(iv) The suffering of the Israelites in their land through calamities (e.g. drought)
(v) Gods punishment of the Israelites/the exile to Assyria.
(vi) the rise of prophets who spoke of hope / restoration of the remnant.
- The teachings of Jesus in the parables of the lost sheep and lost coin.
(i) Jesus came to save all from their infirmities/ ailments/sicknesses
(ii) He was the son of God
(iii) Healed people who had faith in Him
(iv) He healed through command
(v) Christians should be grateful to God for the blessings he bestows upon them
(vi) Christian should forgive one another
(vii) Christian should go out and seek for sinners. 5×1=5mks
- Lessons learnt from the healing of Bartimaeus the blind beggar
(i) Jesus came to save all from their infirmities/ailments/sicknesses
(ii) He was the son of God.
(iii) He healed people who had faith in Him
(iv) He healed through command
(v) Christians should be grateful to god for the blessings he bestows upon them.
(vi) Christians should always seek God
(vii) Christians should not stop those who seek God/be a stumbling block to those who seek God.
5 x 1= 5mks
- The teaching about Jesus from the cure of paralytic.
(i) Jesus was a teacher
(ii) He had power of the Lord to heal
(iii) People had faith in him
(iv) He was able to forgives sins
(v) He was accused of blasphemy by the Jewish religious leaders.
(vi) He had authority over sins and sickness.
(vii) Jesus was sought by crowds who wanted to be healed.
(ix) He had ability to read/ know people’s thoughts
(x) He healed by word of mouth
(xi) He was praised by people for his mighty deeds.
5×1 = 5mks
- The events that took place following Jesus’ death
(i) There was darkness from twelve non to three o’clock
(ii) the curtain of the temple was torn into two
(iii) Jesus cried out with a loud voice ‘father into Thy hands I commit my spirit’
(iv) Jesus’ body was laid by Joseph of Arimathea in a new tomb
(v) The army officer who was present was a good man/ innocent/ son of god
(vi) Those who had followed Jesus went away in great sorrow
(vii) There was an earthquake / rocks split/ tombs opened /the dead resurrected
(viii) Jesus’ body was removed from the cross
(ix) One of the soldier s divided Jesus garments and casted lost on his tunic
(x) The soldiers divided Jesus garment sand casted lot on his tunic
(xi) Jesus handed over his mother to the beloved disciple, who took her to his home.
5 x 1=5mks
- The qualities of an apostle in the early Church
(i) He was called/appointed by God
(ii) He was to be prepared to persevere/ suffer for Christ.
(iii) Be ready to forgive those who persecute/no retaliation
(iv) He was to humble /avoid pride
(v) strive to win converts for the Lord
(vi) Be loyal /teach Christian principles/ doctrines
(vii) Commit one’s life to the course and work of Christ
(viii) Depend on God for provision and wisdom
(ix) Rely on the Holy Spirit for interpretation/ revelation/inspiration.
5 x1=5mks
- Activities a modern Christian can perform in order to be considered a true follower of Christ
- Take a vocation/ do work whose benefits are minimal –even when there is a better alternative.
- Spreading the gospel in remote places/under difficult circumstances/ persevering persecution.
- Witnessing through work (e.g. teaching, medical, social work)
- Guiding and counseling people in understanding God’s message/interpreting God’s blessings/guidance.
- Setting good example / role models
- Praying for God’s blessing/guidance
- Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes)
- Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes)
- Keeping to the teachings of Jesus Christ.
5 x1 =5mks.
- Factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today.
- The worship of god / a supreme being.
- Belief in common ancestry/ origin
- Sharing of material thins with the less endowed/ giving moral support in times-of need.
- Adopting positive attitude towards work/communal work
- Citizens have an obligation to obey the laws /rules of the country.
- Developing and practicing acceptable leisure activities.
- Conservation natural resources/land / environment /water/minerals
- Promotion of a common language for easy/effective communication.
- Respecting other people’s cultures.
- Shunning practices that are incompatible with Christian values
- Sharing respect for leaders/elders.
5×1=5mks.
- The importance of initiation rites in Africa Traditional communities
- Promote the youth into adulthood
- Provided a learning forum for the youth to know the societies idea/ ideals.
- Used as a method of preserving between the initiaties and the sponsor/age sets.
- Used as a method of preserving between the society’s cultural heritage.
- Enhanced a bond friendship/unity among the initiates
- It made one a full member of the community / created a sense of belonging
- One had the right to own property/ marry
- Created a strong relationship between the initiates and sponsors/age sets.
- Ways Christian spread the gospel of Jesus today.
- Use of mass media/radio/television
- Missionary activities such as crusades/rallies seminars/evangelism
- Preaching in churches/schools/colleges
- Administering sacraments in the church as baptism/marriage
- Giving tithe/ offerings/sponsoring preachers
- Living exemplary lives/Being role models/living according to Christian virtues/charitable deeds- e.g. visiting prison, hospitals. Etc.
- Why marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant.
- Should be permanent /breaking of the marriage had serious consequences
- Its binding/the couple/family /clans all who were separate before
- Ceremonies are conducted where the concerned couple/family/clan take vows promising loyalty to each other.
- Exchange of gifts/as a sing of lasting relationship/ cement the relationship
- Certain conditions have to be fulfilled such as payment of dowry/bearing of children
- Gods/spirit are evoked to bless and protect the marriage/prayers are offered to God
- There are witnesses i.e. families/friends
- There is sharing of a meal/ceremony to express unity/friendship
- Five responsibilities of priests in traditional African communities
- They offered sacrifices on behalf of the communities
- Acted as mediators between God and the people
- Offered prayers during religious ceremonies such as birth/initiation/marriage/death/war
- Performed rituals of cleansing/healing
- Reconciled warring parties/peace makers
- Were part of decision making body especially during calamities such as war/epidemics/drought
- Foretold the future/warned people of impending danger/calamities.
- Reasons why taboos were important in traditional African communities
- Guided people on moral behavior/discipline
- Outlined social relationships/kinship ties
- Faster respect for elders/leaders
- Maintenance of respect for God
- Help in maintenance of dignity/integrity.
- Guided on acceptable eating habits/discourages vices such as gluttonness, greediness etc
- Create harmony/maintain law and order/promoted peace in society.
- Why a Christian should not resort to strike action as a way of presenting grievances.
- Shows disobedience to lawful institutional authority which is against biblical teachings.
- Leads to waste of time and resources
- Disrupts peaceful working atmosphere
- Could lead to destruction of property
- May lead to loss of life which against God’s commandments
- May lead to sacking/unemployment/suffering of the individuals and their dependants
- Leads to bitterness/hatred/frustrations/revenge.
- Why taking of alcohol as a way spending leisure is condemned
- Lead to conflicts/squirrels within the family
- Misuse of family resources/wealth
- May lead to alcoholism/addiction
- Leads to irresponsible sexual behaviours such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
- Could lead loss of means of livelihood/loss of income
- May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to divorce/separation/crimes etc
- May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to divorce/separation/crimes etc
- Leads to accidents such motor accidents.
- Five reasons which motivate Christians to take vows in marriage
(i) If the preacher glorifies himself more than God
(ii) If the preacher is imposter
(iii) If the preacher enriches himself in the expenses of the
congregation
(iv) If the preacher is an imposer
(v) If the preacher tries to force truth into their lives
(vi) The preacher’s message (sermon) may contradict their beliefs
(vii) If the preacher is not sensitive to their needs
THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/2 1998 MARKING SCHEME
1.a) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exile
- Through animal sacrifices
- Through offerings
- By observing religious ritual (e.g. presentation/circumcision)
- By keeping the Sabbath Day.
- By keeping/observing the Ten commandments
- Through prayer/song/dance
- By Commemorating God’s saving deeds/ religious festivals/ feasts.
- By regarding God as their king / ruler /by obeying the earthly kings who were regarded as special representatives of God.
- By building places of worship where they prayed to God/ listened to his teachings.
- By following the teachings of the prophets.
- Honouring the temples as a sacred place where the ark of the covenant was kept
- By respecting the Leviticus priest.
5×2=10mks.
- b) Why worship was condemned in the Old Testament
- People became concerned with the external practices/observances /their hearts far from God/hypocrisy.
- People broke the Ten Commandments/disobeyed God’s commands.
- Religion became too commercialized/money could be used to buy favous from God./hypocrisy.
- People forgot the saving works of God/worshiped foreign gods (e.g. Baal, Sherah /Idols)
- The poor were hated/despised/considered outcasts.
- The widows/orphans were neglected.
- People believed in false prophets prophecies.
- People practiced syncretism.
- c) Why children should be introduced to the worship of God
- To create in them an awareness of God/ creation of the universe/man
- To learn the true teachings of their church.
- To familiarize themselves with the religious practices of their church/sacramental life of the church.
- To learn to trust/obey God give themselves to God.
- To learn the prayers /songs of worship.
- To enable them become members of the church
- To initiate the example of Christ.
- To give them a sense of belonging to the Christian community.
5×1= 5mks.
2 a) Areas of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish religious leaders.
(i) The Sabbath- The law said no work should be done on the Sabbath day BUT, Jesus healed on the Sabbath healed on the Sabbath declaring that he is the of the Sabbath (saving human life is more important than keeping the laws of the Sabbath).
(ii) The divinity of Jesus- Jesus claimed to be equal to God (The father and
I are one” )/ He had the power to forgive sins. But the Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners/outcasts- The Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners who are outcasts.
(iii) Jesus association with sinners/outcasts-The Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners who are outcasts.
(iv) Jesus teachings- Jesus directly condemned the religious practices of the Pharisees/He called them blind leaders/hypocrites/white washed tombs, But this abuse ultimately brought hatred for Jesus (He spoke of destroying the temple and rebuilding it in three days)/ any other relevant teaching.
(v) Jesus claim to be a Mesiah – The Pharisees expected a political conquering messiah. But Jesus stated that he was humble serving Messiah/ His concern was for the spiritual kingdom (as a result the Pharisees were confused and could not read and interpret the signs of the time).
(vi) The popularity of Jesus brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders who were afraid of losing their own authority.
(vii) Jesus failure to observe the traditions of elders (e.g fasting /not washing hand before meals).
(viii) Jesus style of doing things e.g cleansing the temple/ teaching with authority brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders.
Note: THE CONFLICT HAS TO BE SHOWN
6 X2= 12MKS
(b) Causes of Conflicts between the young and the old
- Church leadership – The young want to have say in church affairs/decision making
- Church worship- the young may consider some forms of worship dull/out of date/they may want to introduce new forms of worship e.g dance.
- Religious beliefs- some are considered outdated.
- Church teachings- Failure of the young people to observe certain church teaching (e.g sex before marriage/love of the church leaders may be pretenders- therefore the youth lack role models.
- Hypocrisy – some of the church leaders may be too autocratic/intolerant to the opinions of the young.
- Lack of democracy – the church leaders may be too autocratic/intolerant to the opinions of the young.
- Permissiveness in society/loss of Christian values
- Family conflicts leading to loss of respect/confidence.
- Loss of faith in God’s workshop/loss of patience.
- Manner of dress-Some churches don’t accept modern fashions.
4 x2 =8mks
(c) Ways of resolving misunderstandings
(i) Through prayers to bring about proper understanding .
(ii) By committing the children to God’s will/surrender them to God.
(iii) By advising them/ Providing guidance and counseling.
(iv) seeking help from church leaders/ priests/pastors.
(v) By listening to their views/making fair/Frank judgements.
(vi) By bing open to hem/present them with the correct picture of the situation.
(vii) By setting a good example to them/being role models.
(5 x 1 =5 mks)
- (a) Paul’s teaching on responsibility for others according to Galatians
6:1-10
(i) Correcting wrong doers gently.
(ii) Sharing one another’s problems/burdens.
(iii) Avoiding boastful behaviour that may discourage other in faith/self righteousness.
(iv) Taking care that one does not fall into temptation lest one becomes a stumbling block to the brethren.
(v) Everyone will be responsible for his/her spiritual life/problems
(vi) There should be fellowship between the teacher and the learner.
(vii) Whoever sows evel will be punished/whoever sows good will be rewarded.
(ix) Be honest to God for He is not mocked.
(b) Difficulties to harmonious living in Christian families today.
- Unfaithfulness/promiscuity
- Misuse of family resources/lack of resources.
- Child-abuse (e.g. beating/raping/incest/favoritism).
- Alcoholism/drug abuse.
- Separation of family members (e.g. due to wage/labour/education)
- Denial of conjugal rights.
- Sickness (e.g. AIDS/ cancer/impotence /barrens )
- Child delinquency
- Lack of tolerance/forgiveness/cruelty.
- Greed for wealth/self esteem/prestige/professionalism.
- Religious fanaticism/denominational difference.
- Traditional/cultural inhibitions/influence.
- Peer group influence/pressure western influence/permissiveness.
- Generation gap
(c) Ways in which the church strengthens family relationship today.
- Through guidance and counseling /mediation.
- Hold seminars/conferences/etc for couples/children/the youth.
- Through publications on Christian living (e.g. magazines/books/ pamphlets).
- Use of mass –media (radio/videos/television).
- Through preaching/teaching /condemning vices
- Through offering pastoral care in homes/house visits.
- Giving financial support to the needy families
- Praying for the families.
- Offering employment to the jobless.
- Providing vocational training /skills.
7×1 =7mks.
- a) How wealth acquired in African Traditional Societies.
- Bride price was given as a token of appreciation to the girl’s parents.
- Trough barter trade (exchange of commodities/ goods).
- Through inheritance of property from parents /guardians/relatives
- Gifts were given in appreciation of talents/goods conduct/loyalty.
- Through warfare/raids
- Through marrying many wives/getting many children who provided labour force.
- Through use of skills like tool making/weaving /pottery/ welding (they were able to produce goods for exchange).
- Those with talents like medicine men/dividers/rainmakers sold there services.
- Those who worked hard (e.g through clearing forest/breading of verging land enriched themselves.
- b) Ways through which money economy has undermined the principles of Christian living.
- There is the use of corruption/bribery/giving false witness/other immoral practices.
- People are discriminated against because of poverty
- There is power struggle to acquire wealth/riches to protect it.
- Wage labour has undermined the family unit
- People sell family land and end up living as squatters/labourers on the very land.
- There is the rise of individualism/unwillingness to share.
- Dependence on foreign aid/donations/has undermined the virtue of hard work to earn a living..
- Development of class system in Africa.
- There is rural-urban migration leading to weakness in the family unit
- Bride price/ marriage has been commercialized thus undermining love/equality in the home.
- Struggle to acquire wealth has undermined commitment to God/worship of God.
- c) Proper use of wealth
- Through financing the spread of the Gospel.
- Contributions towards the construction of hospitals/schools/churches/homes for the old/destitute/disabled/rehabilitation centers.
- Provision of formal education
- Provision of professional training.
- Provision of technical training
- Giving famine relief (e.g. to the drought stricken areas etc)
- Provision of social services/amenities to the needy.
- Giving arms to the poor /sharing /helping others/needy.
- Giving tithes/offerings
- Providing for the family needs.
8x 1=8mks.
- (a) Effects of Christianity on Traditional African communities in Kenya by 1914
- It encouraged monogamy therefore many women remained unmarried.
- It led to the disintegration of communal life of the Africans/encouraged individualism
- The role of African specialists/leaders/medicine men/prophets/midwives/elders declined.
- Africans lost land to missionaries for mission stations.
- It led to the discouragement of African Religious practices/beliefs.
- The life span was lengthened due to the introduction of healthy services.
- It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans literate /acquire white collar jobs.
- It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans skills (e.g. agricultural skills).
- Some Africans were made to despise some practices which were considered harmful (e.g. female circumcision/tattooing /killing of twins).
- African started accepting the idea of universal God/converted to Christianity.
- Africans were enlightened about their rights
(EFFECTS TO COME OUT CLEARLY)
8 X 2 =16 MKS.
(b) Government’s contribution towards the evangelization process
- The Kenya constitution guarantees freedom of worship.
- The government provides a peaceful environment by maintaining law and order
- Provision of infrastructure for ease of accessibility.
- Allowing Christian Religious Education t be included in the curriculum
- Training/offering employment to Christian Religious Education teachers.
- Helping in the construction of churches/Christian run schools/hospitals seminars/conferences/ worship.
- The government allows her institutions to be used as venues for seminars /conferences/worship.
- Allowing churches to be sponsors/control their sponsored institutions.
- The government sets aside land for church construction.
- Allowing the use of mass media (e.g. radio/television/magazines/pamphlets) to popularize church activities/evangelization.
- The government allows evangelists from other countries to come and preach/win converts for Christ/allowing Kenyans to go to foreign countries for theological training.
- Christian holidays are incorporated in the national calendar (e.g Easter/Chrismas)
- The government officials are invited to attend opening/closing of Christian functions as a way of boosting their morale.
- Christian leaders are invited to pray in official functions/national anthem proceeds official openings.
6 a) The cost of discipleship among the early Christians in Africa.
- Be ready to cut off family ties
- Denouncing of previous faith/beliefs.
- Supporting one another in all situations/circumstances.
- Shunning away from material wealth.
- Accepting Jesus under any circumstances
- Ready to suffer/die for Jesus sake.
- Being firm in faith
- No fear of earthly authority.
- Should not fight back when provoked.
- To co-exist with others regardless of status /education.
- Being –joyous when persecuted.
- Encouraging new converts in the faith not to fear for persecution.
- Loving one another.
9 x 1 =9mks
(b) Why some Christians are opposed to women leadership in the Church today.
- The woman was the first to fall into sin in the story of Adam and Eve
- According to Old Testament teachings, the woman was considered ritually unclean during her monthly flow.
- Due to African/Jewish cultural influence where women were considered lesser beings.
- Due to the misinterpretation of the second account of the creation story where a woman was created after man an therefore belie fed to the inferior/subordinate to man/misinterpretation of the Bible.
- God is referred to as a He (man) and therefore men are held closer to Him in comparison to women.
- Inability of women to carryout duties continuously due to interruption (e.g. pregnancy/ child birth/marital obligations.)
- Inability o women to work under strenuous conditions/circumstances.
- Basing on St. Paul’s teaching where he says tat women should be silent in church (1 Corinthians 14: 34-36)
- The argument is based on the choosing of the twelve apostles by Jesus Christ who were all men.
- Basing on Pauline teaching about the appointment of the bishops/deacons in the early church.
(c) Ways through which women leadership is promoted in the church today
- Providing education for women/sanitizing women on their rights.
- Training women on various church ministries.
- In some churches, women are ordained as pastors/reverends/elders.
- Involving them in teaching/preaching the gospel.
- Women are appointed as leaders in church organizations/activities (e.g. Mothers union/giving sacraments/women ‘s guild/community fellowships).
- They take leadership roles in the Guidance and Counseling of the youth/church members.
- The church allows women to initiate manage self help projects for the needy (e.g health/famine relief).
- They are made in charge of the community based programmes (e.g. health /famine relief).
(ix) Training women in management skills/key positions/policy makers in the society.
6x 1 =6mks.
Christian Religious Education Paper 313/1 1999
- Lessons that Christians learn from the call of Moses
- God commissions/appoints people to perform certain tasks/chooses or works through people of his choice.
- God does not give people impossible tasks
- God is beyond human understanding/transcendent
- God responds to the cry of his people when they call upon Him
- God is almighty/all powerful/Omnipresent and Omniscience/all knowing/Holy/ Pure
- God punishes the enemies of his people. (5mks)
- Activities of King Jeroboam that made Israelites in the Northern Kingdom turn away from God.
- Made images/golden calf’s /idols to represent Yahweh
- Made Dan and Bethel as centre of worship
- Stopped the Israelites from going to worship in Jerusalem which was against the law.
- He build other places of idol worship/high places/hilltops/shrines
- He chooses priests who did not belong to the family of Levi.
- He instituted religious festivals unlike those found in Judah
- He himself worshipped idols. (5mks)
- Failures prophet Micah condemned Israel’s leaders for
- False prophets who prophesied peace when god judgment was near/impending judgment
- Murder of the people/elimination of opponents through murder
- Judges were corrupt/received bribes/injustice
- Priests served people for money/pay
- Oppression of the poor by those in power
- Unjust rule/exploitation/stealing/lust for money. (5mks)
- Responses to God’s call Jeremiah 4:4-19
- He was hesitant/immature due to age (young)
- He was not ready
- Did not know how to speak
- He had dialogue with God/talked to God
- He saw two visions that changed his attitude towards God’s mission for Him
- He accepted to be sent. (5mks)
- Jewish ceremonies that Jesus was involved in
- Circumcision
- Naming
- Baptism.
- Presentation in the temple/ dedication/purification/redeemed.
- Visit to the temple in Jerusalem during the Passover at the age of twelve.
- Celebrated the Passover with the twelve disciples/ last supper
- He participated in the feast of the Tabernacles (John 7:1 -10)
5×1=5mks
- Reasons why Jesus was rejected in Nazareth
- He annoyed the people by telling them that their forefathers rejected God’s prophets.
- He failed to perform the kind of miracles that he had performed in Capernaum.
- He told the people that prophets are ignored in their own country.
- He declared that he had come to fulfill Isaiah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah.
- He was the son of Joseph
- He healed on the Sabbath.
5* 1 = 5mks.
- Lessons Christians learn from the reply to the Sadducees question on the resurrection.
- In life after death there is no marriage/no husband-wife relationship
- They should live with a hope for a better future.
- God is the god of the living
- Through resurrection Christians become sons of god
- After resurrection there is no death/immortality.
- The righteous will recurrent and live eternally.
- At resurrection Christians are like angles.
5×1=5mks.
- Teachings of Jesus from beatitudes
- The poor in spirit shall inherit the kingdom of God.
- They should live with a hope for a better future.
- God is the God of the living
- Through resurrection there is no death/immorality.
- The righteous will resurrect and live eternally.
- At resurrection Christians are like angles
5×1=5mks
- Five teaching of Jesus on the cost of discipleship
- Take up the cross and follow Jesus. /Be ready to suffer.
- Be ready to die for the sake of the kingdom
- Should not be ashamed of Jesus.
- Follow him without expecting material gains.
- Let the dead bury their dead/be ready to proclaim the kingdom.
- Should not look back/nobody who takes the plough and looks back is fit for the kingdom.
- Separate yourself from even family members/be fully committed.
- Five lessons a Christian can learn from Ananias and sapphire in Acts of the Apostles.
- Honesty should be observed /faithfulness is important Acts 5: 1-11)
- Lying should be avoided
- Christians should be willing to share their property with others/should not be selfish/greedy
- Christians should resist temptation.
- Sin can results to death/suffering . / God will not compromise with evil
- Sins bring fear
- Christians should not be influenced by others to commit sin/evil
- Christians should not test God
- /Holy spirit /God sees everything
- Christians should speak against evil.
5×1= 5mks
- Occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African communities.
- Breaking a new ground
- Planting seasons
- In times of crisis such as drought/epidermic/persistent diseases.
- Rites of passage e.g naming /birth.
- When preparing warriors for war.
- When breaking a curse.
- After abundant harvest. / in thanksgiving.
- At day-break and sunset.
- Before setting off on a journey
- Installation of leaders.
5×1= 5mks.
- Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.
There was dancing /singing for the new life.
- The new born was praised/ blessed.
- There was feasting and celebrations
- The father received praises.
- There were ululations whose numbers was determined by the sex of the child.
- Children were given names.
- The mother’s hair was shave./ cleansing of the mother.
- The mother and baby were kept in seclusion.
- Protective were given to the child/mother
5×1=5mks
13 Ways in which the Africans sought reconciliation with God.
- Through prayers
- Through invoking the name of God
- Pouring libations to the ancestors.
- Offering sacrifices
- Singing /dancing to God
- Visiting the sacred places
- Helping the less fortunate in the community
- Giving offerings /gifts.
- Reciting/chanting the names of the ancestors.
- Approaching God through the mediators e.g. diviners
- Cleansing wrongdoers/abstaining from various practices.
5×1=5mks.
- Factors that have affected traditional African Education System
- Introduction of modern technology
- Introduction of western education/schools
- The coming of Christian missionaries.
- The establishment of a colonial rule/ new systems of government.
- Growth of urban centres/urbanization.
- Rural –urban migration.
- Rural-rural migration.
- Western culture/westernization.
- Money culture/economy.
5×1=5mks
- How the gifts of the holy spirit have been abused in the church today.
- Cheating that one has a certain gift of the holy spirit /pretence.
- Commercialization of the gifts/people are asked to pay money before being prayed for /healed.
- False interpretation of the bible/prophesy/predicting the future.
- Unscrupulous Christians may impart demoniac powers on innocent faithful.
- Some Christians who possess the gifts of the Holy Spirit develop pride/superiority complex.
- Wrong use of the gifts of the Holy spirit where faithful get into eccsy/trance which may lead t injuries.
- Distinguishing oneself as a person with a special call/preacher with an intention of exploiting others
5×1= 5mks
- The use of print media in spreading the gospel
- Reading the bible /Christians literature/studying.
- Teaching using C.R.E textbooks.
- Selling magazines with Christian messages
- Advertising Christian issues in newspapers/printing Christian newspapers.
- Distributing Christian pamphlets /newsletters/giving the printed material free.
- Illustrating Christian messages using the Bible Atlas
- Use of encyclopedia to explain /interpret Christian terminologies/ bible dictionary.
- Displaying posters with Christian messages.
- Imprinting Christian messages on various objects/items/clothes
- Translating print media into local languages to reach most people
5×5 =5mks
17 Ways Christians demonstrate obedience to Jesus’ command to love one’s neighbour
- Praying of one another
- Being role models/living exemplary life/witness good virtues.
- Fellowships with one another by forgiving one another.
- Helping one another in various duties
- Sharing items with one another
- Consoling the needy/guiding and counseling those in problems
- Avoid hurting others either physically or emotionally. (5mks)
- Problems resulted from freedom of worship in Kenya today
- Rise of state church conflicts
- Many churches have sprung up whose main aim is material gain
- Leading to confusion due to different interpretations of the scripture/some Christians many five up their faith completely due to confusion.
- Misuse of resources due to duplication of churches activities.
- Open conflict between leaders and the public due to different modes of worship
- Has led to mergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
- Ways which forced reduction of employees affect the Christian family in Kenya today.
- May lead/ give room to temptations/immorality
- May lead to separation of families/disrupt the family unit
- May lead to poverty overstretching of family resources
- May lead to ill health/depression/ stress/death
- May lead to change of family roles.
- If one is paid any dues, if well invested may lead to prosperity
- May lead to pride due to the large sum of money acquired
- May lead to irresponsibility/ negligence of duty.
- Why Christians should obey the laws of their country
- In order to maintain peace/harmony
- To as to imitate Jesus Christ emulate Jesus
- To promote justice in society
- To be role models/live exemplary lives
- Avoid punishment/avoid crimes
- Its Christians duty to respect the authority.
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION 313/2 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
MARKINGS SCHEME/1999
- a) Ways in which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God
- By abandoning the idol worship (moon god) to serve Yahweh the true God
- By accepting to leave Haran to unknown land
- By building alters at Bethel/Shechen in honour God
- By accepting circumcision as a sign of the covenant (He got circumcised/his servants were circumcised/so was his son.
- By sacrificising the animals in the covenant making
- By accepting to change their names (Abram to Abraham as the father of the great nation, Sarai Sarah as the mother of the great nations.
- By agreeing to sacrifice his son Isaac.
- By worshiping god he prayed/sacrificed to god/interceded.
- By believing in the fulfillment of God’s promises
- By making a covenant with God. 6×1=6mks
- b) Ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their faith in Jesus.
- They accepted Jesus as their teacher/Rabbi/ Messiah/son of God /Christ
- They accompanied Jesus /Went with Him from place of place/Left every thing and followed Him
- They accepted (The mission of the twelve/ seventy two/miracles of the disciples.
- They accepted miracles of Jesus.
- They accepted miracles of Jesus.
- Peter walked on water
- Invited Jesus to their home (peter/Levi)
- Two of his disciples accepted/believe in Jesuss teachings
- Two of his disciples brought a donkey for His triumphant entry into Jerusalem
- Peter confessed that Jesus/Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter was ready to die.
- The disciples were ready to defend Jesus/ Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter was ready to die.
- The disciples accepted/believe in Jesus teachings
- John took care of Jesus’ mother after His death
- They were happy/believed when He resurrected
- They waited in Jerusalem for the Holy Spirit as promised by Jesus..
(c) Reasons to why Christians should trust in god in their daily lives.
(i) God is the creator/gives life
(ii) He is all powerful/Almighty /Omnipotent
(iii) God is Omnipresent/ He is everywhere
(iv) God is Omniscient/ All knowing
(v) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trust
(vi) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trustworthy
(vii) He is a judge
(viii) God is the King/Lord/ruler
(ix) He is true god/Only one to be worship
(x) He is true God/Only one to be worshipped.
- xi) He loves
xii) God is just/punishes sin/rewards good
- xv) He is protector/overcomes temptation/not afraid
xvi) He is the controller of the universe 7×1 = 7mks
2a) How King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life
- He married Canaanite wives/foreign wives.
- He disobeyed God’s command of not worshipping the Canaanite gods.
- He did not observe the brotherhood law (When he taxed the Israelites heavily for the upkeep of the foreign wives.
- He disregard the advice of god’s prophets when he built worship places for false gods.
- By signing trade and marriage agreements with his neigbours, hence relying on human beings other than God/ selling of the cities.
- He disobeyed the instructions from his father, David that he should relay on God only.
- He subjected the Israelites to forced labour/oppression/slavery in the construction of the temple/the place.
- He murdered his half brother (adonija) who he thought would be his rival in power.
6×1=6mks.
- b) How the Israelites were encouraged to live in hope during the Babylonian exile
- Jeremiah taught that the Israelites would be restored
- When they came back from exile, they would prosper
- They would have fair/just rules
- They would live in peace
- God would increase their number by them having many children/encouraged to marry/get children.
- They would worship Him alone/They would be His people / He would be their God.
- They would live forever in the land God would give them
- God would give them a king from David’s lineage who would rule wisely.
- The exile suffering would no last for ever/god had good plans for them/exiles is God’s plan.
- People would cry to God/he would answer their prayers
- The Law will be written in their hearts
- They will know God individually
- Their sins will be forgiven
- Individuals will be responsible for their own sins
- Jeremiah encouraged them to build houses/plants gardens so as to prosper.
- Jeremiah’s purchase of land spelt for the future
5×2=10mks.
(c) Activities that the church engage in to demonstrate love for others
- Pastoral care/counseling (visits- in general terms.
- Giving offering/tithes
- Worshipping together/fellowships
- Praying for one another/faith healing
- Preaching/evangelizing
- By baptizing/confirming converts/other sacraments
- Giving education/training so as to improve living standards
- Condemnation of evil
- Opening of money generating projects to assist those in need/offering employment.
- Involvement in Harambee projects
- Providing affordable medical care
- Homes for destitute/orphaned children /aged
- Provide water for digging boreholes/in the arid semi arid areas
- Relief food /clothes/sharing resources/arms/ work of charity / helping the needy
- Visiting the sick in hospitals/homes
3 a) Examples from the life the life Ministry of Jesus which show how he tried to promote social equality.
- Though Jesus was God/divine son of God, he was born of ordinary peasant parents(Mary and Joseph)
- Jesus was born in a stable/manger.
- Jesus’ birth was first revealed to shepherds (who were ordinary people)/ not fist revealed to the priests in the temple/he was visited by the shepherds.
- Lived ordinary life of a Jewish child (by undergoing the Jewish rites of passage/assisting his parents).
- Though he was not a sinner, he was baptized by John the Baptist like all who sought repentance of sin.
- He selected His disciples from low/high states e.g son of Zebedee- James and John who were of high status and all other were of high status and all other were of low status.
- He preached he message to all – Jews /gentiles/ Poor/ Rich etc
- He called everybody to repentance/forgave all Hews/gentiles/poor/rich /etc
- He healed all Jews/ gentiles/great/might low
- He mixed with all- rich/poor/famous/ordinary people/criminals/children etc
- He reinstated the status of a woman as a helper not as subordinate to a man – any other relevant example
- In his parables, he used daily experiences from different life situations to address the audience-any parapable of Jesus
- He was falsely accused like some people who suffer unjustly/crucified with other criminals.
- He died like everybody else
- He condemned evil doers irrespective of status /oppression
6 x2= 12mks
(b) How the disciples reacted to the use of parables in his teachings
- They were surprised/amazed at the meaning/did not understand/reasons for the use parables.
- They failed to understand the message of some of the parables
- They understood some parables clearly (especially about religious practices fo the Pharisees/pries.
- They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his wisdom
- They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his wisdom
- They enjoyed listening Jesus parables
- They felt challenged by Jesus’ parables
5×1=5mks
4 a) Activities which demonstrate that Jesus is a worker
- Preaching /teaching in synagogues/allover the country/ministering
- Healing the sick/healing the blind man/any other miracles of healing
- Raising the dead of life-The raising of Jairus daughter (any other miracles of raising).
- Praying /prayed to God the father
- Feeding in the people e.g. He fed the five thousands/wedding in Cana.
- Being a carpenter/he assisted his father
- Identify with workers by drawing examples of parables/allegories from the world of work-parable of the sower /any other relevant example
- Washing the disciples feet during the last supper
- Calming the storm (any other nature miracles e.g walking on water/cursing the fig tree.
- Fishing /Jesus wet fishing with his disciples (John 21:5-6)
- Judging cases-the woman caught in adultery (John 8) forgiving sins of paralytic
- Training instructor-He trained the disciples on how to carry out their work/the mission of the seventy two (72)
- Leadership-appointment/commissioning of the disciples/apostles looking for disciples 7×2=14mks.
(b) Reasons why people work in traditional African communities
- To meet/satisfy their basic needs (food/clothing/shelter/any other example.
- Divinely ordained to get blessings from God/the ancestors/religious/role/duty tradition
- For community welfare (people work of the good of other/the family/extended family community.
- For socialization (People work together/sing together/ eat together/communally/in unity/as they work.
- As a duty everybody must work
- To demonstrate special skills (as artisans/porters/rain makers/black smith etc
- To raise one’s status / positions (the harder the works the more the wealth Prestige. 5×1=5mks
(c) Factors a Christian should consider when choosing a career
- Ability- academic/physical/ a person should have the knowledge skills/capability and strength to perform the tasks involved.
- Inclination attitude-should have a positive attitude towards the career
- Call- One should have the desire to serve god/community through the task/glory to God.
- Talent-One should consider their inborn/natural abilities
- Enjoyable-convenience-One has to choose a profession that one would to serve is not boring.
- Remuneration-It should meet ones basic needs in life/job opportunity relevant job
- A career that would help one to promote virtues in society.
- The individuals should be able to observe the professional code/honesty/punctuality etc.
- The career should provide opportunities for one to develop to maturity provide job security. 6×1=6Marks
5 a) Teaching of the New Testament about Children
- Parents are to take care of their children/love/value/treasure them.
- Children are innocent/ blameless.
- Children are humble /humility
- Parents are to teach their children about God.
- Children are to obey their parents in the home.
- They are to help their parents in the home.
- They are to help their parents in the home.
- Parents should discipline their children.
- Children should respect their parents/honour.
- Children should be able to enjoy their rights (life/basic requirements/condemn abortion/do not kill
- Children should be brought up in a family. 9×1=9mks
- b) Ways in which traditional African Communities show respect for the unborn child
- The expectant mother is given charms to wear to protect he the unborn child from harm.
- The expectant mother is exempted from heavy work
- The expectant mother observes certain taboos/avoiding certain foods people/places regulations.
- The expectant mother is given special food
- The expectant mother is checked occasionally/advised by traditional midwives
- prayers/sacrifices/Libations are given for protection/consultation of medicine men/priest etc
- Conjugal rights/sexual intercourse is not allowed during pregnancy.
- Herbs/medicines is administered to the expectant mother.
- there should be no harmful implements in the house/compound where the expectant mothers lives
- Expectant mother should not treated cruelly.
6×1= 6mks
- c) Ways in which a child learns to be part of the community
- The are taught the basic rules/customs.
- They are told about the history of the family/clan/community
- They are exposed to songs /dances.
- By listening to stories/myths/tales/riddles/proverbs/from elders
- Playing their roles in society/hunting/collecting fire wood/practically.
5 x 2 = 10Marks.
- (a) Methods used by the missionaries to win converts
- Use of education- Where the Africans were able to read and write/ read the Bible/catechism.
- Use of gifts-Sugar/food/clothes) Charity.
- Use of medical assistance/service thus winning the African favour.
- Teaching Africans new agricultural skills.
- Teaching Africans technical skills.
- Construction of worshipping place
- Befriending the local rules (e.g chiefs/headmen)
- the missionaries learnt the local languages of the people.
- they translated parts of the bile Hymns/Creeds into local languages.
- They used advanced technology when preaching (radio/newspapers/books etc)
- They were friendly in their approach/defended African interests against colonialists.
- They encouraged worship in local languages/tolerated certain African interests against colonialists.
- They use the local people in the church as elders/lay leaders/priests/catechists.
- they rehabilitated feed slaves/outcasts.
- they offered employment to converts.
- Missionaries denied certain services as an indirect force so as to win converts.
8×2= 16mks
(b) Factors that led to the increase of Christian denomination in Kenya.
- Desire to be free from missionary control
- Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power
- Difference in biblical interpretations/teachings.
- Resistance to change by older members of the church
- Lack of good example/role model/corruption
- Rise of revival movement that emphasize the work of the Holy Spirit/spiritual pride.
- Disagreements on the mode of worship (rituals)
- Tribalism/clanism/nepotism/sectionalism/Social class/racism
- Search for spiritual satisfaction/growth.
- Search for spiritual satisfaction/growth.
- Freedom of worship guaranteed in the Kenyan constitution.
- Permissiveness in society.
- For material gains/greed/selfishness/money
9×1= 9mks
C.R.E PAPER 131/1-YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME
- Promises that God made to Abraham
- Abraham would be the father of a great nation/many descendants/many children
- Abraham would receive personal blessings-will die in peace
- Abraham will receive honour /he will have many descendants.
- Abraham will receive personal reputation/his name would be made great
- Abraham would receive personal reputation/his name would be made great
- All those that bless Abraham would be cursed/God would protect Abraham.
- Abraham would be a source of blessings to his descendants/ God will rescue Abraham’s descendants.
- Through him all nations of the earth would be blessed.
- God would give Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan.
- The covenant would be everlasting.
- He promised Abraham a son/a heir through his wife Sarah.
5×1=5mks.
- Ways in which God revealed himself to the Israelites on Mt.Sinai
- Thunder and lightning.
- Fire/pillar of fire.
- Earthquake/the mountain trembled violently.
- Sound of trumpet that grew louder and louder.
- He spoke to Moses/through the ten commandments/through a voice
- Smoke
5×1-5mks
- Ways used by kings of Israel to bring the people back to God
- Destroyed the altars of God. (i.e Asherah poles)
- Set examples to the people by repenting their sins when warned by the prophets of heir wrongdoings by worshipping
- Killing the priests of Baal e.g Jehu
- Restoring temple worship e.g. David/captured the ark/taking the ark to Jerusalem.
- Removal of the covenant/they led the people in renewing their allegiance to Yawheh and the Sinai covenant e.g. Jehu and Josiah they renewed Jewish festivals.
- Repaired the temple/they made God’s dwelling place presentable and accorded it its due respect Hezekiah/build a temple e.g. Solomon.
- Destroyed the bronze serpent that Moses had made during the exodus for the Israelites had began worshipping it they burnt incense to it (Hezekiah of Judah 2 Kings 18:3)
- They did not form political alliances with neighbouring kings thus demonstrating to the people that God was to be completely trusted.
5×1=5mks
- Ways in which God used Hosea to show the Israelites that despite their sinfulness He still loved them
- Hosea preached that the punishment was for the purpose of restoration /God would destroy Israel but he would restore them to their former glory.
- Hosea told them that those who accept God’s punishment and endure it would receive his mercy.
- Hosea told them that God would forgive their sins and would not remember them.
- Hosea condemned idol worship and………..showing that God required faithfulness from the Israelites at all time/ God required total faithfulness.
- The remarrying of….by Hosea symbolized restoration thus the people were further assured of God’s promise.
- Change in the names of Hosea’s children showed for the people of Israel.
5×1=5mks.
- Events which took place the night Jesus was born
- There was census/Jesus parents went to Bethlehem for the census
- No room was available for Mary and Joseph to retire for the night/went to the cattle shed
- Shepherds were looking after the flocks
- Angels visited the shepherds and the magi to announce the birth/angels sang/glorified God
- The visitation of the shepherds and the magi to the place Jesus was (Bethlehem) /Brought gifts/glorified God. (5mks)
- Ways which John the Baptist prepared the way for the Mess
-
- Was a forerunner of Christ/prepared the way for the coming of the messiah
- Baptized Jesus in river Jordan
- Witnessed that Jesus was the messiah/lamb of God/son of God / the introduced Jesus to the crowd.
- Introduced Jesus to his disciples.
- Two of his disciples became Jesus disciples
- Preached repentance and forgiveness of sins/baptized those who repented .
- Warmed people of God’s coming judgment
- He acknowledged Jesus’ greatness /ascendancy over him
- Advised people to live Holy lives/do what is right /share with other
(5mks)
- Lessons learnt about the nature of Jesus from when he casted out a demon from a man
- Taught with authority
- Jesus is the Holy one of God/divine/Messiah/son of God
- He had power over demons/evil spirits/Satan
- He has concern and love for people
- He had power over Sabbath/He is the hard of Sabbath
- He is courageous
- He was a teacher
- His human nature is clear/ was from Nazareth.
- Lessons Christians learn from the parable of the prodigal son
- Christian should be ready to forgive one another
- Should repent ones sins
- Sin do separate us from God the source of true happiness
- There is rejoice in heaven/angels rejoice over repentant sinners
- Should not feel self-righteous
- Christians should accept/welcome repentant sinners
- Sin makes us loose human dignity
- Christians should not place their trust in materials wealth
- Characteristics of an apostle of Jesus Christ
- Called/chosen by Christ himself/commissioned by Christ
- Witness to Jesus’ teachings
- Ready to suffer persecutions/tribulations/suffering for Christ’s sake
- Practice self-denial
- Should live Christ like life.
- Should be filled by Holy spirit
- Preach the goodness/others about Christ
- One had to be a disciple of Christ
- Should go through baptism in the Holy trinity/baptize others.
- Why Christians should live in a community
- To profess/proclaim their faith
- To encourage and strengthen one another in the Lord/praying/worship together
- To become a new people of God/ spirit of brotherhood/separate themselves from non believers
- To emulate Christ who lived with his disciples
- To share their material belonging/assist the needy/solve problems together
- To dedicate themselves fully to God’s work/ to fellowship together.
- Missionary groups that established mission stations in Kenya between 1890-1904
- Church Missionary society (CMS)- Kabete 1904
- Holy Ghost Fathers 1890-91 (Mombasa)
- African Inland Mission (Kangundo 1902)
- Church of Scotland Mission (CSM), Kibwezi 1893
- SDA-Seventh Day Adventist
- Friends African Mission/Qauakers (Kaimosi 1903)
- LutheranChurch
- Consolate Fathers (Tutho And Nyeri 1902
- Factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christian Church in Kenya.
- Wanted to express Christianity in an African way
- Wanted greater role in the leadership and administration of the church/desirable leadership/prominence.
- Missionaries condemned the African cultures such as polygamy/female circumcision
- The literate African were able to read the Bible and made better interpretation/became enlightened thus felt the need to change.
- Bible translation created a desire to worship god in African way
- Realised that there was little or no difference between the missionaries and colonialists
- Wanted freedom from European domination
- Africans were not happy with the missionaries condemnation of their religious beliefs.
- The role of a Diviner
- Predicts future occurrences
- Warns against future calamities
- Advises counsels/guides on various issues
- Intercedes in times of calamities
- Heals those with various diseases and ailments
- Mediates between god/ ancestral/spirit and the people
- Judge/ presides over various cases in the community
- Interprets messages from the spirit world
- Comforts the sick and the depressed in the community
5 x1= 5mks
- Factors which led to the coming of missionaries to Kenya.
- The rise of revival movements in Europe
- To win more Christian converts to the Christian faith
- To stop slave trade and introduce legitimate trade
- Improve the living standards of Africans
- Obeying Jesus Christ’s command of evangelizing the whole world
- To settle freed slaves
- Population pressure in Europe
- To Introduce medical services
- To civilize the Africans
- To introduce formal education
- The respect given by early explorers 5×1=5mks
- Obstacles to affective church influence in the social life of the community
- There is power struggle within the churches/disunity/wrangles.
- Some church leaders/lay Christian involve themselves is sexual immorality) e.g adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, lesbianism.)
- Inadequate training of some church leader/lack of training.
- Rise of self-styled apostles/preachers who bring confusion to believers
- Mismanagement/misappropriation of church funds/resources by some church leaders.
- Some members have a ‘Holier than thou’ attitude/ self righteousness/individualism.
- Partiality treatment of church members is based on materialism /education /social status
- Negative influence from science and technology
- Lack of finance for effective evangelization
- Introduction of ideologies (e.g devil worship/cults/communist/socialism)
- African cultural expressions used in Christian worship today.
- Use of vernacular in worship
- Use of traditional musical instruments (drums, kayamba)
- Use of body movements (e.g dancing, clapping /jumping)
- Shaking of hands/hugging
- Responding to prayers in unison/congregational involvement/ liturgical recitations
- Spontaneous prayer
- Performing cleansing rituals
- Adopting family/ individual names at baptism.
- Giving offerings in kind /agricultural produce
- Use of African texture and design in dressing
- Building churches using traditional African architectural styles.
- Singing using traditional tunes and melodies.
- Ways in which modern Christians use their leisure time
- Organise/attend religious seminar/conference
- Visit/ pray of the sick/prisoners
- Participate in church choir/concerts
- Offer/give free services to the aged
- Read religious literature (e.g. bible, Christian pamphlets, newsletters, magazines)
- Keep the church and its environment clean
- Have fellowship with other Christian / Pastoral care
- Initiate self-help projects to assist the needy
- Provide guidance and counseling to the community
- Preach the word of god
- Visit relatives and friends
- Be with your family
- Listen to Christian preaching/songs on the radio
- Watch Christian films/videos.
5×1=5mks
- Ways through which the church can promote self employment in modern society.
- Open more technical institute for masons, carpenters, electricians
- Provide guidance and counseling for positive attitude towards work/dignity of work
- Enhancing a sense of responsibility in work.
- Giving them assistance in obtaining the equipment to staff small scale enterprises (e.g. sewing machines, tool boxes)
- Help them final market for the finished products
- Organise in-service courses for the self employed to improve the quality of the their products
- Organise communal self help projects
- Help them in obtaining premises for their business.
5×1=5mks
- Role Christian can play in national elections
- By praying for fair/free and just /peaceful elections
- Being employed at various levels in and out of polling stations
- Being committed in playing different roles.
- Being honest/not fearing intimidation/persecution
- Casting one’s vote
- Educating the masses on their civil rights/ obligations
- Financing / assisting the government in facilitating smooth and fair elections.
- Avoiding situations of confrontations with the government of the day.
5×1=5mks
- How a Christian can show respect for life today.
- Care for / conserve the environment (e.g. planting trees/grass/flowers)
- Avoiding pollution of water, air and land/through proper disposal of waste.
- Caring for the less fortunate members of the society/helping the needy.
- Condemning abortion.
- Discouraging capital punishment
- Practicing responsible parenthood/ discouraging child abuse.
- Sharing natural resources with those who are unfortunate
- Discouraging capital punishment
- Providing guidance and counseling on the value of life.
5×1= 5mks
C.R.E PAPER II (313/2) – YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME
1a)
- The people persecuted the prophet of Yahweh.
- The kings led the people in idol worship. E.g. Jeroboam
- The kings were god chosen/they forced their way onto the throne.
- The people rejected the message of the true prophets like Elijah/Elisha/Amos.
- The people refused to repent when given the opportunity/when called to repentance.
- The people didn’t destroy the Canaanite temples but took to worshipping both Yahweh and the Canaanite gods in these temples.
- The rulers/kings did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
- The kings built temples for idol worship.
- They formed political alliance with neighboring nations instead of trusting Yahweh totally.
- The kings propagated injustice where the poor were denied justice e.g ahab and Naboth
- Sexual immorality the people engaged in immoral activities at the temple /cult prostitution
- They sold fellow Israelites into slavery which was forbidden by Yahweh.
- The judges were corrupt. They took bribes thus the innocent were wrongly convicted.
- b)
Jezebel swore to Kill Elijah the way he had killed the prophets of Baal.
- Elijah got afraid and fled in Bathsheba after killing the prophets of Baal.
- He was discouraged and despaired /he felt lonely.
- He got depressed and prayed for death.
- He walked for 40 days and nights to Mount Horeb/Sinai
- When he arrived at Mt. Horeb Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus God rebuked him
- Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it had achieved nothing
- He walked for 40 days and nights to MountHoreb /Sinai
- When he arrived at Mt.Horeb, Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus god rebuked him
- Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it had a achieved nothing.
- He had to convince the people that he was the true prophet of Yahweh.
- After proposing the thre-year drought he lived in fera
- Elijah underestimated his ability in calling back the people back to Yahweh.
- He was accused by King Ahab as the trouble maker of Israel.
- He had to defend his religion to prove that Yahweh was a true God.
c)
- Human suffering which hinders people from accepting the message of hope
- Lack of cooperation from the congregation
- Problems of how to react/relate objectively when their expectations are not met.
- Inadequate knowledge on how to deal with various groups/women/youth/choir/rival groups/relatives.
- There are temptations to acquire property unjustly.
- Difficulties in harmonizing the message of the gospel and innovations of science and technology
- Too much time/service is expected out of them
- Inability to control/meat their human desires (sexually)
- Be in an environment that is hostile/insecure
2a)
- God is merciful towards sinners/he gives a chance to repent/come back to him
- God forgives all types of sin/(according to Jews such a sin is too big to be forgiven)
- Jesus does not condemn sinners/Jesus loves sinners(but hates sins)
- We should avoid sinning after being forgiven/those, whose sins are forgiven, should live according to the law of God/live righteously.
- We are all sinners. No one is righteous /everyone needs forgiveness.
- We should not kill sinners/life is sacred and only God can take it away.
- We should be tolerant sinners/ we should love sinners/pray for them/help them to change and turn them to God.
- b) Jewish attitudes towards sin.
- Sinners are outcast; they are not to be mixed with.
- Sinners are stoned/killed/executed
- Sinners are despised/rebuked
- Sinners are hated
- Sinners are grouped/classified.
- Sinners is inherited .
- Sin causes ill health/sickness/suffering/ god punished sin.
- Only God can forgive sin/no human being can forgive sin.
- c) Action church members would take to handle causes of dishonesty.
- Find out what problems the members have/reasons for dishonesty.
- Help the people to meet their basic needs.
- Offering guidance and counseling.
- Forgive them
- Pray for them
- Encourage them to pray.
- Report the matter to the authorities/discipline them.
- Help the people to set up income generating projects.
- Fellowshipping with them
- Preach to them.
- Setting a good-example for them to emulate
- Delegating duties to responsible persons
- Teaching them to live responsibly
- Encourage them to avoid situations which could lead them to dishonesty
3a) The conversation of Paul the Apostle by Jesus Christ as recorded in Acts of the Apostles 9:1-19
- Saul was on his way to Damascus to persecute Christians
- A strange light stuck him and the voice of the lord said “saul why do you persecute me?”
- Saul recognized the voice of the strange power and asked, “Who are you Lord?”
- The men who were traveling with him stood speechless as they heard the voice but saw no one.
- Saul was blinded and had to be lead to Damascus.
- Saul was blind for three days and stayed without food or drink
- The lord spoke to Ananias at Damascus to lay his hands on Saul so that his sight could
- Ananias laid his hands on Saul and he regained his sight
- Saul was baptized and was filled with Holy spirit.
- Ananias also gave him food and Saul was strengthened.
- b) Problems which early church faced before conversion of Paul
- They were stoned to death /killed.
- They were accused falsely.
- They were arrested.
- They were imprisoned.
- They were mistaken for being drunk when they spoke in tongues.
- There was unfairness in distribution of foods to widows.
- They scattered in fear of persecution.
- There was dishonest among some members e.g. Saphira and Ananias.
- They were warned/threatened not to use the name of Jesus in their preaching.
- They were whipped/beaten
- They were persecuted/oppressed.
- c) Reasons why a person should be converted to Christianity.
- To have eternal life in heaven.
- To enter God’s kingdom on earth.
- To turn away from sins/seek forgiveness/receive salvation.
- To enjoy god’s covenant/enter God’s covenant relationship
- To be the light/salt of the world.
- To acquire a new identity.
- To escape judgment/fire in hell/punishment.
4a) Reasons why idleness is condemned.
- God ordained work/human beings were given the responsibility of looking after God’s creation.
- Jesus condemned idleness in his ministry in the parable of the talents
- Idleness may lead to antisocial activities e.g. stealing, drinking, irresponsible sexual behaviour
- Idleness leads to poverty/inability to meet one’s basic needs
- Jesus worked and so endorsed dignity of work.
- Idleness is a failure to glorify God.
- Idleness dehumanizes individuals.
- Christians should emulate Jesus’ example of hard work
- Idleness is a health hazard e.g. obesity, heart attack.
- Idleness is a rebellion against God’s intention for human beings.
- Idleness retards the development of God giving talents.
- b) Factors that have let to unemployment in Kenya.
- The growth rate of Kenya’s economy is lower than the population growth
- Inadequate land for those who want to self employed in agriculture sector
- Inadequate funds to start economic ventures
- Adoption of lifestyles that do not promote development e.g. drug addiction, laziness.
- The great part of Kenya is low potential
- Wrong attitude instilled in the youth by the society/the youth think they should only do the white collar jobs.
- Poor job distribution where some people hold more than one job.
- Policies that allow foreigners to take up jobs which would have been performed by Kenyans.
- Low investment ability due to debt crisis and conditions set by donor countries.
- Application of redundancy practices by both the government and the private sector i.e (retrenchment)
- Liberalization of market which has led to the influx of cheap goods thus leading to closure of some industries.
- Corruption/nepotism/tribalism.
- c) Steps the church in Kenya has taken to solve the problem of unemployment.
- Employ people as pastors/evangelists/catechist
- Has set up youth polytechnics to provide vocational training/skills required for employment.
- Sponsors people through scholarships and bursaries to enable them acquire the necessary skills for employment
- Church ran training colleges/universities where people are prepared for different careers
- Encourage positive attitudes towards all types of jobs/guidance and counseling
- Establishment of institutions which provide employment opportunities/e.g schools/hospitals
- Provides funds to start small scale income generating industries and projects
- Sustain self-help groups by helping them to make products and market them thus creating job opportunities. (7mks)
5 a) How was marriage formalized in traditional African Communities.
- Giving of bride price/dowry as a token of appreciation to girls/brides family
- Exchange of gifts among the family members performed religious rituals/sacrifices/blessings
- Held ceremonies /celebrations where food and beer were shared among friend and families.
- Exchanged visits by the families of the bride and the groom/exchange of mutual help and services.
- Marriage negotiations/discussion were held .
- Celebration through songs and dance
- Oathing /vowing/pledge of allegiance/ making promises
- Virginity of bride to be proved.
- b) Why polygamy common in traditional African communities
- Many children were viewed as a source of pride/wealth/labour
- Effective family planning
- To ensure unity/harmony in the community
- To acquire wealth through bride price
- Children ensured security in old age
- The more the children the longer the immortality
- To reduce irresponsible sexual behaviors such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
- Curb barrenness/childlessness
- Ones social status was measured by the number of wives one had
- Co-wives worked as a team/boost the man’s wealth
- Due to high mortality rate due to epidemics thus one needed to marry many wives
- To avoid getting children of one sex
- Land was plenty to accommodate large families. (8mks)
- c) State the role of parents in a traditional African communities
- Creating linkage with the wider community.
- Bing role models for their children/set example
- Encouraging and directing them to realize their potential self actualization
- Enhancing family cohesion unity.
- Settling disputes and quarrels that arise in families.
- Making decisions on all matters.
- Passing on inheritance to their offspring.
6 a) Steps the church is taking in assisting orphans.
- Preaching/teaching about individual responsibility towards the orphans.
- Organizing for adoption
- Advocating for their plight so that the state/other interested parties can take action.
- Paying fees/school levies to keep them in school/educational institution.
- Assisting them to link with their relatives.
- Providing them with rehabilitation centres/homes.
- Encouraging them to attend church.
- Visiting and encouraging them to feel accepted/empathies with them.
- Provision of basic needs to promote good health
- Offering employment opportunities to promote self-reliance.
- Offering vocational training to equip them understand and cope with the situation.
- Protecting them from exploitation/ensuring that their property is safe pray for them.
- b) Factors that prevent effective church cooperation in Kenya
- Different interpretations of the bible/ beliefs/holier than though attitude.
- Differences due to historical legacy based on foundation principles/origin.
- Competition to win more converts to supersede the others.
- Lack of equity in resources which make some churches more developed than others hence uneasy relationship.
- Greed to lead which makes the various levels of leadership uncooperative .
- Differences due to political inclination whereby some churches are prostate/non-commital /opposed.
- Discrimination due to training and experience.
- Differences in the acquisition of church wealth.
- Differences arising from appointment of women as preachers
- Differences due to the issue of acceptable Christian norms.
- c) Ways in which the provision of health facilities by the early missionaries
promoted the spread of the gospel
- Treating those with hearing problems enabled Africans to hear gospel.
- Treating those with sight problems enabled Africans to read the word
- Giving food at the health centers to promote good health
- Health centers served as the initial homes of freed slaves so the missionaries had access to people to preach to.
- Through the use of modern medicine the people were discouraged from visiting witch doctors/African specialists.
- At the health centres, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples health and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
- Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the word.
- Health centers, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples health and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
- Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the word
- The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff0 with the Africans removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
- The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff) with the Africans removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
- The medical staff who were also missionaries prayed for the sick thus showing love/concern. This motivated Africans to accepted the gospel.
Christian Religious Education Paper 1 313/ 2001
- Versions of the Bible used by Churches in Kenya.
- Revised standard version
- Living Bible
- New Bible
- New International version
- King James Version.
- The Gideon International
- New English Bible.
- Common Bible
- Good News Bible.
5×1=5mks
- God’s characteristics revealed to Moses during the renewal of the covenant .
Exodus 34: 1-28
- Compassionate/Merciful/full of pity.
-
- Slow to anger.
- Loving/Kind/Intimate/Personal.
- Faithful/firm/fulfill his promises/Restores.
-
- Just/Punisher/fair.
- Powerful/Omnipotent/almighty.
- Jealous
-
5×1=5mks.
- Reasons why Samuel was opposed to the idea of having a king, 1 Sam 8:6-18
- They would be rejecting God as their unseen King/ruler.
- Their sons would be recruited forcefully into the army.
- There would be forced labour
- The people would be enslaved.
- The king would grab their land/property/maid/servant.
- There would be over-taxation.
- Their would loose their identify as a covenant people/Idolatry.
- Their daughter will be made Mandy in the royal houses.
- Hereditary kingship would lead to oppression/dictatorship
5×1=5mks
- Problems prophet Jeremiah encountered.
- He was arrested
- He faced death threats from the people.
- The scroll was burnt by King Jehoiakin.
- He was thrown into a eastern/stared/well
- He had difficulties in convincing the people that his message was true/from Yahweh/faced opposition.
- He was beaten.
- He was insulted/referred/to as a traitor/mocked/ ridiculed
- He was barred from going to the temple.
- He was put in prison/ butted cell/ dungeon/detained
5×1=5mks
- Actions that took place during the presentations of Jesus in the temple.
Lk 2:21-40
- Jesus parents offered a sacrifice two turtle, doves (sin offering purification)
- Simeon took the child into his arms.
- He praised God/gave thanks.
- He prophesied about Jesus mission.
- The parents of Jesus marveled at Simeon’s prophecy.
- Prophets Anna thanked God/Prayed for the child.
- She prophesied that Jesus was the redeemer of Jerusalem.
- Simeon blessed Jesus parents.
- Jesus was dedicated/Redeemed.
- Simeon was led by the Holy spirit
5×1 = 5mks
- Teaching of Jesus about John the Baptist. Lk: 7:24-35
- John the Baptist is a prophet/last prophet.
- He is the greatest of the prophets
- He was prophesied about in the scriptures.
- He was to prepare the way for Christ /messenger/foreman/precursor.
- He was referred to as Elijah.
- He did not take wine/He was a Nazarene
- He fasted.
- He dwelt in the wilderness.
- Jesus said that people referred to John, as demon possessed
- The least in the Kingdom of God is greater than John .
5×1=5mks
- Lessons Christian learn from the raising of Jairus daughter Lk 8:40-56
- Jesus gives life/power over death/there is life after death/death /death is temporary sleep.
- Faith is necessary for healing
- Christian should approach/seek God with humility
- Christian should be persistent in making requests
- God answers requests/Christians should turn to God for their needs.
- God visits his people in their places/He is available.
- Christians should be patient/avoid desperation.
- Jesus brings hope/Joy/compassionate/Sympathetic.
- Jesus is the savior Messiah/Son of God .
5×1=5mks
- Reasons why it was difficult for the disciples to believe that Jesus had resurrected.
- They have witnessed his death and burial
- The report about the resurrected Christ was brought by women who were despised
- The disciples expected a glorious triumphant political Messiah/not one that would die/suffering Messiah
- They lacked faith.
- There was conflicting message/information about the resurrection/He’s stolen
- The tomb was heavily guarded by the Roman soldiers/A big rock.
- They were ignorant of the divine nature of Jesus.
- Influence from their historical background on resurrection/never happened.
5×1= 5mks
- Ways through which the early Christians were persecuted.
- They were imprisoned
- They were stoned to death e.g. Stephen
- Not allowed to preach in public
- They were denied access to the temple
- They were beheaded.
- They were beaten /flogged/tortured
- They were ridiculed/mocked/ despised
- They were insulted/abused.
- They were thrown to wild animals
- They were crucified .
- They were thrown into boiling oil
- Any other forms of persecution which are relevant/poisoned/stripped naked/slavery/exiled/thrown out by family(Rejection) Banished
5×1=5mks.
- Spiritual gift given to the Church according to Saint Paul 1 Cor 12: 7-11.
Wisdom
- Faith
- Knowledge
- Healing
- Performing miracles
- Prophecy
- Distinguishing between spirits
- Interpretation of tongues
- Speaking in tongues
5×1= 5mks
- Reasons why Africans accepted Christianity in Kenya between 1844-1914
- They had a call from God/Inspiration
- They hoped for internal gain (Education, European way of life/European civilization/culture practice.
- They wanted to identify with Europeans/European way of life/European civilization/culture practice.
- They were forced into the mission stations by their local leaders thus got converted.
- The misfits/outcasts in Africa communities found refuge in missions stations and hence got converted/stopping slave trade/orphans/widows.
- There were those who were curious about the new faith/pealing
- There were those who wanted to enhance their social status/prestige/superiority/equality.
- Some of Traditional belief talked with Christian teaching
- Bible translocation
(5×1=5mks)
- Ways through which the missionaries used to increase African participation in the Church in Kenya between 1940 1960.
- Training of AfricanChurch leaders both locally and abroad (St. Pauls theological College, Limuru, St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary).
- Appointing African to leadership positions e.g. Catechist/Priest
- Establishing local parishes/Dioceses.
- Incorporating African culture practices in worship e.g. clamping hands/tunes
- Adopting African attire e.g. way of dressing by clergy.
- Using African architectural styles in the construction of Churches.
- Use of African languages in worship/translation of bible into local language
- Allowing interaction between of different denominations/ecumenism
- Offering special privileges to Church leaders e.g. given a good house. 5×1=5mks
- Reasons why observance of blood kinship is important in tradition African societies.
- Prevents the spread of hereditary diseases
- Provides a wide source of material help in case of need.
- Provides unlimited source of advice to the members/Guidance & counseling
- Promotes harmonious living as related people respect each other.
- Serves as a check on one’s behavior/interrelationships/Discipline
- Provides a wide source of security to members/belonging
- Prevents incestuous behavior/marriages
- Helps maintain the culture of the people (religion, customs, traditions, beliefs) marriage
- Helps members to face challenges together /hardships/moral support.
5×1=5mks
- Reasons why the birth of a child is a joyous event in traditional African societies
- It ensures increase of labour force.
- It provides for community continuity/immortality.
- It enhances the social status of the family
- It cements the relationships between the coupes/the families
- It removes ridicule on the mother/father
- Provides an opportunity for the people to give thanks to God/and the ancestors.
- Provides a chance for the family to get together and celebrate
- Provides a source of wealth
- Provides a source of security.
- Children are blessing in a marriage
5×1=5mks
- Belief about the nature of God in traditional African society.
- He is everywhere/omnipresent.
- He is all powerful/omnipotent/Almighty/controller.
- He is loving
- He punishes evil/he’s just
- He is all knowing/omniscient
- He is the source of all things/the creator.
- He is caring /provides/Generous/blessing
- He’s impartial.
- He’s transcendent/beyond/supreme/high above/as pint.
- He’s immincint/Near/amount
- He’s everlasting.
- Ways through which human beings communicate with the spirit world
- Through pouring/making libations
- By offering sacrifices.
- Through prayers.
- Through the naming of children
- Through the naming of children
- Through divination of children
- Through dreams/visions
- By singing /dancing
- By invoking/ chanting/calling/incantation/salutation
- Giving offerings
5×1=5mks.
- Reasons why Christians should maintain the family unit.
- It provides material/economic/support to family members.
- It provides emotional/psychological/Christian growth to family members/Christian growth.
- It ensures security to family members.
- It ensures that members learn/maintain discipline
- It provides a conducive environment for procreation/continuity of society
- It ensures that members become responsible
- It is the foundation of the society.
- It was instituted by god/No divorce
5×1=5mks
- Effects of irresponsible sexual behavior
- Promote spread of sexually transmitted diseases
- Increase mental disorders e.g. rape victim.
- Unwanted children/Abortion /street children/unwanted pregnancies
- Irresponsible parenthood
- Increase of poverty cases/wastage/misuse of resources
- It leads to deaths e.g aids
- It leads to loss of status in society.
- It causes disagreements the family/divorce/separation
- It leads to one facing legal consequences/imprisonment
- It leads to single parenthood.
- It leads to forced/early marriages
- It leads to school dropout
5×1=5mks.
- How Christian show love in famine stricken people.
- Praying for them
- Providing them with food and water clothes i.e sharing .
- Initiating/funding projects to help them become self reliant food production.
- Sanitizing people on the plight of the affected cases.
- Advocating for equitable distribution of resources.
- Supporting their self help projects.
- Providing medical facilities/care.
- Providing basic education/skills/training
- Providing basic education/skills/training
- Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then
- Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then.
- Providing personal care/visiting them.
5×1=5mks
- Ways through which a Christian can help reduce corruption in Kenya today.
- Pray for the corrupt people to change
- Being a role model/avoiding taking part in corrupt practices
- Preaching to the people on the ills of the corruption/Guiding
- Report incidences of corruption to the relevant authority
- Encourage people to adhere to the stipulated laws/procedures/regulations.
- Publish books/magazines/newsletters on negative effects of corruption
- Organise seminars/conferences/workshops for people to discuss solutions to end corruption out/. Teach people of their rights.
- Campaigning for better salaries to workers
- Choosing/electing honest leaders.
- Carry out/establish the causes of corruption.
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2001
- a) Promises of God to David through Prophet Nathan
- He would be the greatest king/Leader in Israel/ great name.
- God would protect Israel from oppression/give Israel peace during his rule
- Protect David from his enemies
- He would keep the kingdom strong for his sons descendants/the son will be king
- Bury him with his ancestors
- David’s house would rule forever/everlasting dynasty
- David and his descendants would be blessed forever always
- The Messiah would come from David’s lineage
- God would punish David’s sons when they did wrong just as a father punishes a son.
- God would always support him
- David’s son Solomon would build a temple for God
- God would give Israel their own land.
(8×1=8mks)
- b) Factors that led to the failure of David’s successors
- They shed innocent blood
- They were oppressive in their rule (forced labour/heavy taxation/bribery)
- They married foreign wives
- They built temples/shrines for idols
- They were unfaithful/ dishonest
- They did not tell people who God was
- They were disobedient to God
- They did not rule according to the law of Moses
- They did not listen to the prophets
- They worshipped both God and idols/syncretism/worshipped idols
- They sought alliances with neighboring states instead of relying of God.
(7×1=7mks)
- c) Factors that prevent political leaders from performing their duties efficiently
- Ridicule from members of the society
- Inability to live up to the expectations of the electorate/promises made
- Women leaders are discriminated against/looked down upon
- Lack of training in leadership skills/poor looked down upon
- Divisions/conflicts within/between the parties
- Lack of adequate forum to meet/address their electorate
- Insecurity funds to initiate development projects help their electorate
- Differing/conflicting ideologies resulting in divisive decisions.
- Inadequate funds to initiate development projects help their electorate.
- Personal differences
- Inadequate infrastructure
- Cultural/religious barriers/tribal/ethnic/racial corruption (4×2=8)
- a) Problems faced by the Israelites during the Babylonian exile
- They lacked adequate food/famine
- Adapting to a new environment
- Following/keeping the Babylonian laws
- They suffered from various diseases and ailments
- Some of them were executed
- They suffered from various diseases and ailments
- Some of them were executed
- They were turned into refugees in Egypt; Moab, Edom, Ammon, etc
- They were not united
- There religious loyalty to God was undermine
- They were not united
- Their religious loyalty to God was undermined
- They lacked places for worship/religious festivals
- They were influenced into idolatry
- There were false prophets. (8×1=8mks)
- b) Conditions of restoration as preached by prophet Ezekiel
- They should maintain justice/make fair judgment
- They should not worship idols
- They should not worship God at shrines set up in high places
- They should not commit sexual immorality/adultery/fornication
- There should be no oppression of the poor /others
- They should keep pledges ad return what is taken unfairly
- There should be no robbery/theft
- They should give food to the hungry
- They should provide clothes for the naked
- They should not lend at interest/take excessive increase
- They should obey God’s commands/statutes/ordinances
- They should repent/seek forgiveness. (8×1=8mks)
- c) How Christians promote harmony between the church and state
- Encourage the faithful to obey the rulers
- Allowing the rulers to become leaders in the church/inviting them to the church
- Preaching/condemning evils in the society
- Advising the political leaders on the correct ways of administering
- Supporting state related projects
- Participating in reforming laws governing the country
- Promoting the positive image of the country/highlighting the positive activities of the state
- Working jointly with the state when calamities occur/helping the need
- Participating in elections of leaders
- Paying taxes
- Praying for God’s intervention
- Contributing to participation in national development activities (education, health, self-help, etc)
(7×1=7mks)
3 a) How Jesus fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy
- He bore the sins of the human race
- He delivered Israel by dying on the cross/crucified
- He submissively bore suffering and disgrace
- He was despised and rejected
- He was a man of sorrow/grief
- He was pieced/wounded
- He appeared before the Sanhedrin/Pilate for judgment
- He was pieced/wounded
- He was crucified with the thieves
- He was buried in a rich man’s tomb
- Through him God’s everlasting Kingdom was established
- He was without sin/holy
- Through Jesus many have been forgiven/saved.
- Jesus was exalted/made great
- Jesus was born of a virgin/divine birth/Holy spirit
- He was of the lineage of David
- He was a wonderful counselor/prince of peace/Emmanuel
- He established justice on earth
- He was Almighty
- Jesus said he had come to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah
- He was filled with the Holy spirit.
(8×2=12mks)
3 b) Ways through which the power of God was seen in the early church
- They were able to pray together/fellowship
- They lived together
- They shared meals in their homes/breaking of the bread
- They performed miracles/healing/exorcising/raising the dead
- They persevered persecutions/humbled themselves
- They had courage/were bold/they condemned evil
- They were able to speak in tongues/interpret languages
- They were able to solve problems/conflicts amicably
- They sold their property for the common good/shared property
- They laid hands on the converts
- They baptized the new converts
- They appointed leaders/deacons
- They distributed food to the widows/orphans
(8×1 8mks)
- c) The importance of baptism of Jesus to Christians today
- Christians are baptized to identify with Jesus
- It unites Christians as members of one body
- It unites Christians as members of one body
- It is a sign of death and resurrection of Jesus
- Signifies a new life/change of status
- Use of water is symbolic as a leaser.
- Signifies the complete forgiveness of sins
- It makes them children of God
- It marks the beginning of personal commitment to God
- Prepare Christians for the heavenly Kingdom
- It gives one a sense of belonging to a Christian community
- It confirmed that Jesus was the son of God/Messiah/Divinity of Jesus
(5mks)
4 a) Reasons why the Pharisees were referred to as hypocrites by Jesus
- They considered themselves self-righteous
- They despised others/looked down upon others
- They lacked humility/exalted themselves
- They knew the commandments but did not apply them appropriately (observed them for their own gain/they were shy)
- They followed Jesus with an intention of finding faults/trapping him
- They followed rules made by human beings/traditions of elders opposed to God’s rule.
- They emphasized the outward cleanliness as opposed to purity of heart
- They altered the Law of Moses to suit their selfish motives
- They were a bad influence to the people /misled others
- Their effect on the people was hidden yet wide spread (like yeast in the dough)
(5mks)
- b) Lessons from the parable of the wheat and tares
- Be aware that the word of God has been planted in them by Jesus/God’s word is good
- They are living in the world together (the good and the bad)
- They ought to follow Jesus’ teachings
- Bad people love evil
- They ought to be aware that Satan plants bad seeds
- On judgment day, the good and the bad will be separated
- On judgment day, the good will be rewarded and the bad will be punished
- Satan does not want human beings to prosper in God’s word
- Satan comes/invades secretly
- Christians should not be quick to condemn others/god is patient with sinners
- Good/righteous ones belong to God’s kingdom/the evil belong to the devil
- c) Duties given to the apostles of Jesus
- Preaching the Good News
- Baptizing the converts
- Healing the sick/casting out demons
- Evangelizing/spreading the kingdom of God/witnessing
- Performing miracles e.g. raising of the dead
- Counseling/teaching the converts
- Laying of hand to impart power/praying
(5mks)
5a) Activities carried out in traditional African communities to ensure newly born baby is safe.
- Baby is born in a secure/clean place (parent’s house)
- Baby’s birth is first announced to family members
- Placenta/umbilical cord is disposed off in a secret place (uncultivated field/banana plantation)
- Prayers/sacrifices/libations are offered for the well being of the baby and mother
- The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
- Baby is cleaned using medicinal herb solutions/treatment by medicine men/witch doctor/shaving
- Baby mother stayed in seclusion for a number of days
- Baby/mother are given specific nutritious food to promote good health
- Mother takes medicinal herbs to ensure good health for both
- The baby is delivered by an expert/midwife
- The baby is given a name
- b) Ways through which youth are taught to be responsible
- Through participation alongside adults
- Through watching adults perform duties/observations
- By being told stories/proverbs/maxims/riddles/singing songs relating to duty
- By imitating adults/role play/imitation
- By inculcating fear verbally
- Through giving deterrent punishment for failure
- Through apprenticeship
- By rewarding/reinforcing the duty performed
- They were given instructions during initiation
- Through guidance and counseling
(7mks)
- c) Role of a grandfather in traditional African society
- He was a role model
- He guided and counseled family members
- He was a source of valuable knowledge/wisdom experience/traditions
- He was consulted on matters affecting the family/society
- He has a link between the living and the dead
- He was a custodian of the morals/values of the community
- He made decisions for the family/decision maker
- He taught/provided entertainment by telling stories/riddles/singing songs
- He officiated in some family rituals/ceremonies
- He prescribed punishment for evildoers/disciplined evil doers
- He controlled family resources.
(8mks)
6a) Methods used by early missionaries
- Providing them with education/training
- Providing them with jobs/employment
- Inviting them to join the church and serve as priests, catechists, sisters etc
- Preaching against/discouraging some traditional practices
- Providing them with medical facilities/care
- Introducing new (crop/house/clothes) modern technology/agriculture.
- Introducing self-help projects (water)
- Introducing new means of transport/communication/infrastructure
- Providing homes for the freed slaves/destitute.
(7mks)
- b) Reasons why Christians in Kenya should work in unity
- In order to promote oneness of Christ
- To promote the teachings of Christ
- To share the scarce resources/minimize expenses
- In order to achieve effective evangelism/ministry
- In order to adopt a common attitude to the integration of African culture in worship
- To prevent the formation of splinter groups/cults
- To reduce the internal wrangling
- In order to have a common stand in dealing with issues affecting the society (education/constitutional review/medical care
- c) Ways Christian serve God
- Preaching/teaching the word of God/dedications (priests/nuns/sister) participation in choir
- Be feeding the hungry/relief food
- Taking care of the sick/visiting the sick
- Praying/ fasting for God’s peace in the world
- Contributing to church/charitable organizations
- By paying taxes/tithing
- Taking care of the environment/working in the church
- Providing homes for the needy/adopting orphans
- Paying fees for the needy/Providing education
- Being just and fair in giving services
- Advocating for equitable distribution of resources.
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 313/ 2002
- Five actions from the life of Abraham which show his faith in God Genesis 12,
15,17, 19, 22
(i) He left his home/ family / kindred/ kinsmen ( Gn. 12: 4-5)
(ii) He circumcised his sons/ male members 17: 23- 24
(iii) He was ready to sacrifice his son Isaac 22: 1- 12
(iv) He built altars in honour of God 12: 7- 8
(v) He made sacrifices to God 12: 7- 8, 15: 9, 10 22: 13-14
(vi) He accepted the change of his name that of his wife 17: 5-6, 15 -6
- He entered a covenant with God Gn 17, 18
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Values Christians can learn from the call of Moses Ex. 3-4:18
(i) Humility (action demonstrating the value of humility) Ex 3: 4
(ii) Courage 3:3
(iii) Faith / Trust 3: 17
(iv) Love/ concern/ care/ mercy/ pity 3:710/ security/ needs/ protector
(v) Honesty
(vi) Obedience 4: 18/ follow
- Reverence/ respect/ honour 3:6
- Service
- Holiness Ex 3: 5
- Inquisitiveness/ keenness/ knowledge
- Persistence/ patience
- Justice ( punishing Egyptians) (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Duties of Samuel
- Anointed the first two kings of Israel ( Saul and David)
- Judged the people
- Foretold God’s plan for the future/ What would happen to Israelites/ kings
- Reminded the people of God’s Ways
- Acted as a mediator between God and the people
- Condemned social injustice
- Brought to the King’s attention their mistakes ( Saul)
- Condemned Idolatry/ preached monotheism
- Offered sacrifice
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Expectations that the Jews had concerning the messiah
- He would conquer nations/ military ruler
- He would rule the world/ earthly king/ political leaders
- He would avenge the enemies of Israel/ punish the Romans
- He would be a descendant of David / Royal/ rich
- He was to set up a powerful kingdom of the Israelites/ make them prosperous
- Would appear in Jerusalem full of glory
- He was to appear/ come after the return of Elijah
- He was to perform miracles ( might deeds)
- He would not associate with the poor/ sinners/ gentiles/ outcasts
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Miracles which show that Jesus had authority over nature
- Walking on water Mt. 14: 22- 34, M k 6: 45, Jn 15: 21
- Calming the storm Mt. 8: 25 – 27 Mk 4: 35 – 46, Lk 8: 22- 25
- Feeding of the Five thousand Mt 14:13- 27, Mk 6: 14- 26
- Miraculous catch of fish
- Changing water into wine Jn 2: 1- 12
- Cursing the fig tree
- Healing the man born blind John 9: 1 – 34
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Five teachings from the parable of wheat and tares Mt 13: 24- 30, 36 – 46
(i) Sinners belong to the devil
(ii) The righteous belong to God
(iii) both will face judgment on the last day
(iv) There is punishment for sinners
(v) The righteous will be rewarded
(vi) Sinners should be given time to repent
(vii) Satan is an enemy of God/ his people
(viii) Angles are actively involved in God’s work
(ix) Good and evil coexists in the world
(x) Christians should strive to overcome evil
(xi) Christians should not judge others ( discriminations)
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Actions which show that Jesus loved the needy
(i) He called ordinary people to be his disciples
(ii) Healed the sick
(iii) He fed the hungry
(iv) He preached the good news
(v) He visited the lonely/ consoled
(vi) Mixed with sinners/ outcasts/ lowly
(vii) Died for sinners
(viii) Forgave the sinners
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why resurrections of Jesus is important to Christians
(i) It is the basis of their faith/ confirms Christians faith/ foundation
(ii) It gives them hope for eternal life/ confirms there is life after death
(iii) Through it, death has been conquered/ overcome
(iv) Confirms Jesus as the son of God/ messiah/ savior
(v) It gives Christians courage to face suffering/ death/ persecution
(vi) Led to the coming of the holy Spirit
(vii) It is the basis of Christian teaching
(viii) It is a fulfillment of Jesus promises to his disciples prophecies
(ix) Confirms that Jesus is alive
(x) Confirms that Christians will resurrect in a new body form
(xi) Jesus will come again to judge the living and the dead
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which Peter’s life transformed on the day of Pentecost Acts 2: 1- 42
(i) He was filled with the power of the Holy spirit
(ii) Spoke in tongues
(iii) was courageous/ bold
(iv) Preaches the word/ testified
(v) Remembered scriptures of the Old Testament
(vi) Made wise decisions/ advised the people
(vii) He baptized new converts/ got saved
(viii) He led the other disciples/ spokesman
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians in the early church prayed
(i) To thank God/ gratitude
(ii) To show respect to God/ fellowship with God
(iii) In obedience to Christ’s teaching
(iv) To overcome temptations/ persecutions/ for protection
(v) To ask God for their daily needs/ blessings
(vi) In order to sustain the unity of the believers/ growth of the church
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Duties of children to the elderly in traditional African Communities
(i) Respect them
(ii) Assist them with daily chores/ help
(iii) Listen to/ follow their wise counsel/ advise
(iv) Undertake errands for them/ obey
(v) Visit them
(vi) Keep them company
(vii) Feed them/ look after them/ protect
(viii) Entertain them
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why oaths were administered in traditional African communities
(i) To ensure secrecy of the information known
(ii) As a binding symbol of members of the communities/ unite the parties concerned
(iii) To ensure compliance to the social norms
(iv) To deter people from telling lies
(v) To link the living with the dead/ ancestors
(vi) To prepare the parties for tasks e.g. war, leadership
(vii) To make people remain loyal to each other/ group
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when seers were consulted in traditional African communities
(i) When sickness/ death occurred frequently/ bewitch
(ii) When there was disaster/ calamities catastrophes/ drought/ outbreak of disease
(iii) During marriage ceremonies
(iv) During cleansing rituals/ sacrifices
(v) Before embarking on war/ raiding expeditions
(vi) Before initiation rites took place
(vii) During pregnancy/ cases of difficult child birth/ bareness
(viii) When there were serious disputes/ dilemma/ disagreements
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors that may hinder the traditional African practice of giving dowry
(i) Poverty/ economic hardships
(ii) Breakdown of social organization
(iii) Interference from Christian religious beliefs
(iv) Greed to parties concerned/ commercialization
(v) Intermarriage practices
(vi) Change of values/ modern education/ Western culture
(vii) Urbanization/ migration
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Problems faced by Christian missionaries
(i) Inadequate finance
(ii) Poor transport system/ infrastructure
(iii) Language barriers
(iv) Diverse customs/ traditions
(v) Suspicion/ rivalry among Christians religious cults, rejection
(vi) Insecurity/ instability
(vii) Greed/ corruption/ social evils
(viii) Inadequate theological training
(ix) Failure to lead exemplary lives
(x) Negative influence of the mass media/ effects of science & technology
(xi) Hostile climate conditions- diseases
- Ways in which unity is promoted in the church
(i) Joint prayer meetings/ worship/ fellowship
(ii) Joint crusades/ preaching/ rallies
(iii) Working together in the production of education materials (syllabus, books etc)
(iv) Provision of medical services
(v) Providing job opportunities/ employment training for Job opportunities
(vi) Taking care of the needy e.g. homes
(vii) Provision of education e.g. schools, universities
(viii) Provision of mass education e.g. civic education/ guidance and counseling
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why trial marriage is condemned by the church
(i) Undermines dignity of the individual/ brings shame/ disrespect
(ii) Undermine the institution of marriages/ not proper marriage/ spoiling marriage
(iii) it is against God’s law
(iv) It can lead to diseases
(v) The children born out of such union, lack identity/ role model/ single parenthood
(vi) It is a sign of lack of commitment/ separation/ easily broken
(vii) It promotes irresponsible sexual behavior
(viii) leads to lack of trust/ honesty
(ix) can lead to abortion/ death
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family
(i) Drains family resources
(ii) Quarrels/ fight in family may occur
(iii) Leads to diseases
(iv) Leads to family break up/ separation/ divorce
(v) It reduces one’s capacity to be productive in the family
(vi) Results in making wrong decisions/ judgments
(vii) Leads to denial of conjugal rights
(viii) Leads to lose of religious values/ morals
(ix) Leads to poor role model for children
(x) Leads to crimes/ imprisonment
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians are opposed to deforestation
(i) It destroys God’s creation
(ii) It leads to desertification/ destruction of catchments areas
(iii) Denies the animals of the natural habitat
(iv) It is motivated by human greed/ selfishness
(v) It is against God’s command/ human beings should take care of the environment
(vi) Results in environmental pollution
(vii) Affects the source of natural/ traditional medicine
(viii) It destroys natural beauty ( flora + fauna)
(ix) Leads to soil erosion degradation
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians should participate in the law reform process
(i) To exercise their democratic rights/ citizenship
(ii) To ensure that just laws are enact/ avoid
(iii) To ensure that quality leadership is achieved
(iv) It is service to humanity
(v) To improve the quality of life
(vi) It is a sign of accountability
(vii) It shows a sense of unity in nation building/ collective responsibility
(viii) it leads/ helps develop the while persons
(ix) It is an opportunity to infuse Christians principles in the law e.g. freedom of worship.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIANS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2002
- (a) The results of sin from the genesis stories of the fall of human beings
(Gen 3: 2 – 11)
(i) All human beings were to die
(ii) Their friendship with God changed to fear/ God withdrew from company
(iii) They experienced shame and guilt/ were ashamed of their nakedness
(iv) Women became subject to man
(v) Human beings would experience pain
(vi) Human beings would have to toil/ struggle in order to eat/ live
(vii) The good relationship between human beings and wild animals was destroyed/ instead enmity between them was created
(viii) The ground was cursed because of them/ produce thorns and thistle
(ix) There was hatred among the children of Adam/ Cain murdered Abel
(x) Human beings became sinful by nature/ developed wicked thoughts
(xi) Human beings days on earth were reduced/ the lifespan was reduced to 120 years
(xii) Misunderstanding arose among human beings/ God confused their language
(xiii) The serpent was condemned to crawling/ eats dust
(xiv) The marriage relationship changed from mutual care to tension
(xv) Human beings were expelled from the Garden of Eden
(xvi) Human being/ animals/ plants were destroyed by the flood
(7 x 2 = 14 mks)
(b) How King Ahab failed to keep the covenant law ( 1 king 21)
(i) He took away/ stole Naboth’s vineyard
(ii) He allowed his wife to bear false witness against Naboth
(iii) He allowed the murder of Naboth through stoning
(iv) He oppressed the lowly
(v) He considered himself to be above the law/ equated himself with God
(vi) He covered Naboth’s Vineyard
(vii) He jailed to respect the Jews law of land ownership/ inheritance
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians should practice forgiveness
(i) It shows love for others
(ii) It creates/ promotes peace
(iii) It is a way of winning converts
(iv) it shows obedience to Christians teachings/ commands
(v) In order to follow the example of Christ
(vi) in order to be forgiven by God
(vii) It strengthens relationship/ tolerance
(viii) It lengthens life/ promotes healthy living
( 6 mks)
- (a) Conditions given to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant ( Ex 34)
(i) To obey what God commanded them
(ii) Not to make any treaty with those who lived in the land where they were going
(iii) To destroy their altars/ smash their sacred stones/ cut down their Asherah
(iv) Not to worship any other god
(v) Not to make idols
(vi) To keep the various feasts e.g. unleavened bread/ feast of weeks/ feast of gathering
(vii) To rest on the Sabbath day
(viii) Not to intermarry with the foreigners
(ix) To dedicate the male first born of God
( 10 mks)
(b) Significance of the transfiguration of Jesus to his disciple ( Lk 9: 28 – 36)
(i) It confirms to them that he was the son of God
(ii) It showed his glory/ holiness
(iii) It showed that he was sent by God to establish a new kingdom on earth
(iv) It proved to them that he was the fulfillment of the law/ prophecy
(v) Revealed to them that he was to die in Jerusalem
(vi) Strengthened the faith of the disciples
(vii) It taught them that they were to obey Jesus
(viii) It revealed to them that there is life after death
(ix) It revealed that Jesus was in communication with God
( 8 mks)
(c) How Christians show respect to God
(i) Set aside a day of worship
(ii)Set aside Holy places of worship
(iii) Do not mention his name anyhow
(iv) Living exemplary lives/ keeping the commandments
(v) Pray to him
(vi) Dependant on him for their needs
(vii) Give offering to him
(viii) Praise him for the wonders
(ix) Take care of the environment
(x) Look after the needy
(xi) Preaching/ teaching/ spreading his word
(xii) Worship him
(xiii) Observing Christians rituals e.g. Baptism
- (a) How John the Baptist prepared the way for the Messiah
(i) Preached repentance
(ii) Told soldiers not to rob/ bear false witness/ be content with their wages
(iii) Encouraged people to share with the poor
(iv) Told tax- collectors not to collect what is illegal
(v) Baptized those who repented
(vi) Told them that he was not the messiah
(vii) Preached the good news
(viii) He reprimanded Herod for marrying Herodias his brother’s wife
(ix) Baptized Jesus in river Jordan
(x) Introduced Jesus as Lamb of God
(xi) Told them not to boast about being descendants of Abraham
(xii) Warned people of the coming judgment
( 6 x 2 = 12 mks)
(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the call of the first disciples of Jesus
(i) One needs to be obedient/ immediate responses required
(ii) Humility is required
(iii) Change in lifestyle is mandatory
(iv) One must have faith/ trust in Jesus
(v) There is hope for those who follow Jesus
(vi) Eternal life supersedes earthly riches
(vii) It is God who calls people to serve Him
(viii) God can choose anybody to serve him/ does not discriminate
(ix) God can call Christians from their everyday lives/ Occupations
(x) There is need for repentance / acknowledge one’s sinfulness
(xi) Miracles can happen in one’s everyday life
(xii) Christians should work together/ team work
(xiii) God reveals himself to people in everyday activities/ life situations
( 8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians are baptized today
(i) To identify themselves today
(ii) Through baptism they receive the power of the Holy Spirit
(iii) It enables one to become a member of the church
(iv) It is a symbol of death and resurrection
(v) In some churches at baptism Christians get new name/ emulate the qualities of the Saints
(vi) Water in baptism symbolized the washing away of sins
(vii) In accordance to Christ’s teachings/ church tradition
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Factors that led to the spread of Christianity in the apostolic age
(i) Persecution of Christians
(ii) They were led/guided by the Holy Spirit
(iii) Good Communication/ Infrastructure
(iv) Common language/ Greek
(v) There was peace in the Roma empire
(vi) The Jews in the Diaspora/ dispersion, welcomed the early disciples
(vii) Good system of government with just laws
(viii) Dual citizenship of Paul
(ix) Paul’s strong religious background in the Old Testament which was the basis for the new testament
(x) Paul’s occupation which was a source of income / inspiration to others
(xi) Paul’s celibate status enabled him to be fully committed to the preaching of the gospel
(xii) The miracles/ wonders strengthened the disciples/ new converts faith
(xiii) The great number of converts inspired the others to join the new faith
(xiv) They were empowered by the Holy Spirit
(b) Ways in which the celebration of the Lord ’s Supper was misused at Corinth
(i) They ignored the significance of the feast taken as on ordinary meal
(ii) It led to drunkenness/ disorder less
(iii) It did not unite believers/ created divisions in the church
(iv) It led to the oppression of the poor Christians/ rich showed off
(v) They took it when they were unworthy/ profaned it
(vi) They did not seek God’s blessings/ give thanks
(c) Reasons why Christians take part in the Holy Communion
(i) Reminds them of the death and resurrection of Jesus
(ii) Proclaim the death and resurrection of Christ until he comes
(iii) Unites the believers
(iv) Helps them to rededicate themselves/ confess/ pray
(v) Reminds them to God’s love humanity/ strengthen their faith
(vi) It is a thanksgiving for God’s saving act
(vii) It symbolizes the body and blood of Jesus
(viii) It is a foretaste of the second coming of Christ
(ix) It is a sign of purity of the believers of Christ
(x) in Obedience to Jesus commands
(xi) It is a sign of the new covenant sealed in the blood of Christ
- (a) Reasons for singing during the initiation ceremonies in traditional African communities
(i) To remind the participants of their past history
(ii) To provide socialization opportunity for participants
(iii) Divert the initiates minds from the impending pain
(iv) Teach/ remind the participants important moral values
(v) Teach the participants important moral values
(vi) Teach the participants gender relations/ roles
(vii) Imbue the initiates with courage in order to face the challenge
(viii) To exercise parts of the body / dance
(ix) Welcome the initiates joyously into full membership of the community
(x) Provides an opportunity for promotion of talents
(xi) To ask for blessings for the initiates with the ancestors by invoking their names
(xii) To condemn evil in society
(xiv) To announce the season/ occasion for the initiates
(xv) To distinguish/ advertise/ identify the initiates
(xvi) To entertain the participants
(b) How initiates were prepared for adult life in traditional African communities
(i) They were made to endure pain in order to develop perseverance
(ii) Assigned duties similar to those to be performed in adult life
(iii) Given specific instructions to help them develop obedience/ compliance/ understanding
(iv) Exposed to hardship in order to develop coping mechanism
(v) Told moral stories to help them develop deductive thinking
(vi) Punished for disobedience to learn about consequences of acts/ reward of courage
(vii) Made to share belongings to teach them communalism
(viii) Taught the history of the community to help them trace/ know their ancestry
(ix) Grouped into age- sets/ groups to help them develop collective responsibility/ attitude/ skills
(x) Lived in seclusion in order to develop independence/ self awareness
(xi) They were taught gender roles/ responsibilities
(c) Reasons for practicing initiation rites today
(i) To uphold traditional values and customs/ culture
(ii) To provide an occupation for initiators/ surgeons
(iii) In order to please/ appease ancestral spirits
(iv) To ensure acceptability by those who have undergone the initiation rites/ create a sense
of belonging
(v) To prepare one for marriage
(vi) To promote African languages through song/ dance
(vii) To create a new age- set
(viii) In order to raise one’s social status
(ix) Provide an opportunity for leadership
(x) In order to enable one to inherit property
- (a) Steps the church is taking to reduce lawlessness in Kenya
(i) Church members obey the laws of the country
(ii) Educating people on civic rights
(iii) Participating in law processes/ constitutional reform
(iv) Condemning evil practices in the society/ preaching against evil
(v) Teaching church members responsible parenthood/ citizenship/ morality
(vi) Disciplining deviant member of the church
(vii) Rehabilitating law breakers
(viii) Providing material assistance to the needy
(ix) Praying for peace/ love to prevail
(x) Providing guidance and counseling services
(xi) Participating in National functions as a sign of unity/ solidarity
(xii) Paying taxes to support activities of the state
(xiii) Initiating development projects/ provide vocational training
(xiv) Providing job opportunities
(b) ways in which sex is abused in Kenya
(i) Sex before marriage/fornication
(ii) Sex outside marriage/ adultery
(iii) Prostitution
(iv) Homo sexuality/ Lesbianism/ Sodom/ Oral sex
(v) Pornographic literature/ mass media of technological devices in sex
(vi) Bestiality
(vii) Masturbation
(viii) Incest
(ix) Rape/ paedophilia ( defilement of underage)
(c) Problems faced by a family living with a person suffering from AIDS
(i) Social stigma/ suffers isolation
(ii) Economic crises due to high rate of opportunistic diseases
(iii) Poverty due to care/ medication
(iv) Suffers depression as they watch their person wear off
(v) They condemn/ judge the person as a sinner
(vi) They have to exercise high hygiene standards to ensure safety of other members
(vii) Suffers a drawback in their occupation as most time is spent caring for the patient
(viii) Struggle a lot to provide the required diet for proper maintenance
(ix) Pretend to show love though they suffer bitterness inside themselves
(x) Quarrels/ misunderstanding within the family
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2/ 2003
- The animals used in the covenant between God and Abraham,. Genesis 15.9
(i) A ram
(ii) A she- goat
(iii) A heifer
(iv) A pigeon
(v) A turtle dove
- Demonstration of God’s power in the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt to
the promised land
- Through the nine plagues in Egypt
- The Killing of the Egyptians first borns ( Passover
- The crossing of the red sea
- The drowning of the Egyptians in the Red Sea
- Provision of food ( manna and quails)
- Provision of water from the rock
- The crossing of river Jordan
- Israelites victory over their enemies
- The miraculous healing from the snake bites
- Empowering Moses to perform miracles
- The Pillar of Fire/ cloud/ thunder/ earthquake
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Types of leaders whom God gave his power in the Old Testament
(i) Priests/ Levites
(ii) Prophets/ prophetesses/ seers
(iii) Judges
(iv) Kings
(v) Warriors
(vi) Patriarchs
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Names given to the Messiah by prophet Isaiah
(i) Wonderful counselor
(ii) Mighty God
(iii) Everlasting/ eternal father
(iv) Prince of peace
(v) Just and righteous ruler
(vi) Suffering servant/ servant of Yahweh
(vii) Emmanuel God with us
(viii) A short of the stump of Jesse
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Similarities in the announcing of the birth of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ
(i) The angel Gabriel brought the message
(ii) Mary and Zechariah were afraid
(iii) They doubted the possibility of the angles message
(iv) The angel gave the names of the children to be born
(v) The angel specified the children mission
(vi) The mothers had never had children before
(vii) Mary and Zechariah were given signs to confirm the messages
(viii) The children were to be male
(ix) The children were to be conceived through the power of God/ God’s
Intervention
(x) Mary and Zechariah were fighters
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when Jesus was tempted
- In the wilderness just before he began his ministry
- In the garden of Gethsemane
- During the transfiguration when Peter wanted to build a tent so that they would stay on the mountain
- When Peter objected to his suffering and death
- At his crucifixion when he was asked to save himself
- When he was asked to prove that he was the Messiah / son of God in his home town
- When they wanted to make him king after feeding the five thousand
- When the sons of Zebedee asked him to destroy the inhospitable Samaritans
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Lessons Christians learn about Jesus from miracles of healing
(i) Jesus has concern for the sick
(ii) Jesus has power to heal/ power over evil spirits
(iii) Jesus required faith for one to be healed
(iv) Jesus heals all people, he doesn’t discriminate
(v) Jesus accepts other people’s intervention/ intercessors
(vi) Jesus forgives sins
- Jesus heals both the spiritual and physical
- Jesus expects those healed to be grateful
- Jesus is son of God/ Messiah
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Parables used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God
The parable of the:
- Sower
- Prodigal son/ lost sheep/ lost coin
- Yeast
- Mustard seed
- Hidden treasure
- Wheat and tare
- Patch and wine skins
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Powers of the Holy Spirit in the early church
(i) Prophesy
(ii) Exposed Annanias and Saphira
- Inspired people to praise God/ worship
- Gave people power to perform miracles/ heal
- Provided guidance/ wisdom
- Empowered people to perseverance/ provided comfort
- Led people in prayer
- Strengthened people to preach/ spread the good news
- Made people to understand their relationship with God/ the mission of Jesus
- Enabled Christians to live in unity
- Brought love/ peace and joy
- Strengthen the faith of Christians
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Leadership qualities shown by Peter the Apostle on the day of Pentecost
- Courage
- Wisdom/ understanding
- Principled/ decision making/ Adviser/ counselors
- Ability to protect and defend his colleagues
- He was focused/ had a goal/ commitment
- He knew the scriptures
- God fearing/ had faith in God
- Eloquent speaker
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Religious practices of the early Christian community
- praying/ fasting/ celebration of feast
- Breaking of bread
- Baptism
- Singing/ praising
- Reading the word/ preaching
- Sharing possessions
- Having fellowship
- Laying of hands/ healing/ blessing
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Traditional African customs Condemned by early Christian Missionaries in Kenya
- Initiation ceremonies/ rituals
- Polygamy/ Bigamy/ polyandry/ wife inheritance
- Killing twins
- Songs and dances/ music
- Beer taking
- Use of herbal medicine
- Ways of worship/ practice
- Ways of dressing
- Consulting African specialist
- African superstitions/ belief/ witchcraft
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teaching about God from the traditional African myths of creation
- God’s is the creator/ giver of life
- He is orderly
- He is powerful/ mighty
- He is a provider/ caring / loving
- He is everywhere/omnipresent
- He is eternal/ everlasting
- He is all knowing/ omniscient
- He is mysterious/ transcendent
- He is a just God
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when sacrifices were offered in traditional African Communities
- during marriage
- During initiation
- During burial rites
- At times of calamities
- When settling disputes
- Naming ceremonies
- In sickness
- Times of war
- When a baby is born
- When a taboo is broken
- Installation of leaders
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Roles of elders in traditional African Communities
- Preside over religious ceremonies
- Judging cases
- Punishing/ fining the offenders
- Praying for the community
- Overseeing the sharing of community wealth/ property etc
- Mediating between God and people/ ancestors/ spirits
- Advises and guides the community
- Formulating laws governing the community/ ensuring laws are kept
- Facilitating reconciliation
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Importance of children in traditional African communities
- For social status/ prestige
- They are a source of labour
- A source of wealth
- For remembrance of dead relatives
- For continuation of perpetual of life
- To complete the marriage bond/ blessing in marriage
- To strengthen the marriage relationship
- To offer security in old age/ provide for old parents/ bury
- To protect the community against invasion
- To inherit power of property (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Christian teaching on human sexuality
- God created both male and female
- Male and female complement each other
- Male and female have distinctive role in creation
- Both share the image of God
- The union of male and female is consummated in marriage
- Male and female should live in harmony / should respect each other
- Procreate/ fulfill God’s command to multiply
- Sexual deviation is condemned ( homosexuality, lesbianism, bestiality, adultery, sadomy, e.t.c
- Male and female should respect each other in regard each to his ability
- Sex is sacred
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways of overcoming drug taking
(i) Practicing abstinence/ self-control
(ii) Praying against being tempted
(iii) seeking guidance and counseling
(iv) Avoiding the company of those who misuse/ emulating role models
(v) Reading literature on the correct use of drugs following the medical
Instructions
(vi) referring to biblical teachings on the use of drugs
(vii) Participating in activities that promote use of drugs/ healthy activities
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians take up insurance policies
(i) It is a saving/ form of investment
(ii) To provide security against risks( disability, death, theft, sickness etc)
(iii) It can assist one to get a loan
(iv) To fulfill legal requirements/ moral obligations
(v) For the beneficiaries to inherit
(vi) For use in old age/ after retirement
(vii) To generate revenue/ income/ create employment
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways of showing respect to the state
(i) Praying for the nation/ leaders
(ii) Observing national days e.g. Madaraka day
(iii) Obeying the laws of the country
(iv) Paying taxes
(v) Working together on state matters
(vi) Participating in elections/ voting
(vii) Alleviating poverty
- Contributing to harambees
- Respecting the flag
- Promoting peace
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
C.R.E PAPER 2, 2003 MARKING SCHEME
- State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in God genesis chapter
1 and 2
- To cultivate and garden and guard it
- To procreate and have children
- To be in charge of fish, the birds and the animals, rule over God’s creation
- To rule the rest of creation, to care, to conserve and preserve the environment
- To obey God and his commands
- To get married for companionship
- Outline the reasons Christians learn about work from the Genesis stories creation
- Work was ordained by God
- Work makes human beings complete achievements, self- realization and self- fulfillment
- Christians learns that work is to be done for 6 days and rest on the seventh day, as God did not create
- Christians learns that one has to work to provide for his/ her family needs, be self reliant
- Work was introduced to man as a punishment of their sin at the Garden of Eden
- They learn to work to contribute to the development of the community
- Christians learn that they should obey God’s command of sub-doing and conquering the earth and becoming co- workers
- Work is a way of continuing the creation activity of God
- Christians learn that work keeps them away from idle life which may lead to sin
- How can Christians care for God’s creation today?
- All creation is very good, human beings should treat the rest of the creation with respect and severance
- Christians should preserve, conserve and donate to the environment
- Christians can care for god’s creation like wild animals by building game reserve
- Christians contribute to the scientific discovery of medicine to wild animal diseases by providing money donations to such institution
- Christians can care for God’s creation by standing to condone over cutting of vegetation i.e. deforestation
- Christians should come together and join hands on controlling soil erosion e.g. gulf erosion
- (a) With reference to the Old testament, outline the characteristic of a true
Prophet
- A true prophet must have been called by God himself as Elijah
- Their prediction were to proclaim punishment and rewards to individual and to the whole nation
- Their prophesy should threaten the unpleasant happenings i.e. Amos predicted that if the Israelites did not repent then they would be sent on exile
- The prophets should uphold the unique worship of the true God against other gods as Elijah killed the 250 false prophets
- Their teachings had to agree with Yahwestic doctrine on God’s kingdom
- Identify the evils that prophet Jeremiah condemned
- He condemned prostitution
- He condemned tribalism
- Corrupt and murder
- Robbery and murder
- Exploitation of the poor
- In justice denied to the poor
- Selling of goods unfit for human consumption to the poor
- Selling into slavery those who could not pay their debts
- The oppression of the poor and the weak
- Taking of bribes mostly in courts
- Cheating in business by use of false scale
- How should a Christian react to bribery
- He should not accept the bribe
- He should condemn the act of bribing
- He should pray for God’s guidance
- He should advice the person not to depend on bribing
- (a) Relate the history of the feeding of the thousand in Mk 6: 30- 44 to recall
of the old testament prophets about the messiah banquet.
- Not to be anxious about material and physical needs
- Jesus is the power of life
- Jesus had power over nature
- God cares for man physically, spiritually and materially
- Christians should show concern over others needs
- With prayer everything is possible
- Christians should seek the imperishable food, i.e. the word of God
- How did the resurrected Christ reveal himself to his followers
- He appeared to the disciples in a room when Thomas was not there
- Jesus appeared to the woman in the garden (Magdalene, Joarna, Mary the mother of Jesus and other women in John 20:1
- He appeared to Simon Peter and other disciple when they were fishing at the sea of Tuberous ( John 21: 1-4)
- He appeared to Peter (Lk 24: 34)
- He revealed himself to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus ( Lk 24: 13- 24)
- He appeared to the eleven disciples when Thomas was with them
- He revealed himself to the two disciples when Thomas was with them
- He revealed himself to Thomas by allowing him to feel the scars in Jesus hands
- He appeared to Mary Magdalene
- He shared a meal with the disciples after his resurrection
- Give a reason why some people find it difficult to accept Jesus Christ
- They lack faith
- Due to ignorance about the teaching of the bible
- Since it has not been scientifically proved
- They believe on the resurrection since the message was brought by women who were disputed in the society
- Since other men of God e.g. priest commit sin e.g. misusing church funds
- Give reasons why pre- marital pregnancies were rare in traditional African communities
- sexual education was given to the youth
- Girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished
- Sex before marriage was prohibited
- Parents were held responsible for daughter conduct
- During social occasions such as dances, youths were supported so that they did no misbehave
- There was physical separation of sexes boys and girls lived separately
- There were taboos, rules and regulations on sex relationship
- There was act of early marriage
- The whole community was concerned about the morale fibre
- The youths made aware of the consequences of irresponsible sex
- Pregnant girls were forced to marry old man in the community
- The man who was responsible for the pregnancy was forced to marry the girl
(b) State the causes of prostitution in Kenya today
– When sexual demand is not met in marriage relationship
– Peer group influence and pressure
– Separation dues to employment or divorce may cause prostitution to the
affected as he may need company for sexual relation.
- Pornographic literature and films makes others to indulge in the evil
- Lack of income to earn a living
- Employment – some women leave their rural homes to search for jobs and if they fail are forced to result to prostitution
- Extreme poverty to an individual
- (a) What is the role of midwife in traditional African Communities
– They helped pregnant women in delivery service
– The midwife took care of the weak mother and the child
– They gave advice to the parents of the mother on ways of bringing up the
Child.
- b) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of Jesus on responsibility to others.
- Help the needy
- Use wealth to others
- Share resources with others
- Remember God when alive
- Glorify God using owns wealth.
- c) How did the believers in early Church take care of the needy?
- Took care of the poor/needy /widowers by giving them food/other provisions and share.
- They held everything in common and distributed it according to individuals needs.
- They prayed for the needy on salvation
- They collected money and sent to the Jews that were at Jerusalem
- They accepted others in their home like those who were in need
- They counseled the needy on their problem
- Showed concern/ sympathy to those with illness by healing them.
- Visited and welcomed those who were released from the prison into their homes
- They showed love to them.
- d) Identify ways in which the youth participate in the church in Kenya today.
- They participate in bible reading
- They take part in singing as choir members
- They help in collection of tithe
- They help in distribution of invitation letters for an occasion
- The youths help in cleaning the church and its facilities before members come for prayers
- Helping the church in holding campaign e.g. HIV campaign.
- They engage in church crusade and distributing poster crusades.
- Holding the church crusade and distributing poster crusades.
- Explain the effects of the transmission of the Bible into African languages in Kenya.
- It enlightens the Africans
- The Africans were able to follow the scripture better and the led to more churches
- There was desire for education more Africans showed interest in education
- Christianity spread faster as more Africans were able to read the Bible on their own.
- Greater understanding was created between the missionaries and the African making life easier for both.
- Africans took partnership positions from the missionaries.
- It has contributed to the spirit of ecumenism, several denominations work together there own.
- Christianity became a more active religion as the Africans participated more.
- The elementary reading and writing taught to catechism that the modern education system developed in Kenya
- The transmission increased African participate in Christianity rather religion missionaries, Africans were able to read and understand the inner meaning of bible doctrines for much more than when the bible was a foreign language.
- b) Give reasons why Christians use the bible in worship
- It instruct new converts
- They used it as a basic reference book in general dissemination/search for knowledge.
- They use to derive Christian hymns e.g Psalms Benedicts.
- The Christians use the bible to back their teachings/messages.
- They used bible in order to make oath/promises.
- They worship with references from the bible in order to keep proper boundary not out of the word of god
- c) Why is the church in Kenya opposed to genetic engineering?
- It is against the teaching of God
- It interferes with procreation
- It may produce race which is undesirable
- It makes man compete with God
- It hinders God’s plan (like marriage)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 12004
MARKING SCHEME
-
- He had killed an Egyptian
- The Pharaoh had wanted to kill him/feared for his life/wanted murderer
- He feared that the Israelites would not believe that god has sent him
- He was not an eloquent speaker/stammer
- He feared that the Israelites would not accept him as their leader
- He lacked identity/confidence/courage/a nobody
- He did not have enough knowledge about Yahweh/did not have faith in God.
- He was already settled in Median and had a family/content with his life.
5×1=5mks
2
- Honour your father and mother
- You shall not kill
- You shall not steal
- You shall not commit adultery
- You shall not bear false witness against your neighnour
- You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, wife, servant, property or anything that is his.
5×1=5mks
3
- There was polytheism/the people worshipped many gods
- There were human sacrifices
- There were animal sacrifices and offerings
- Priests, /prophetesses presided over all the religious matters
- The people observed festivals in honour of the gods and goddesses
- Shrines, altars and temples were built for the worship of the gods.
- Rituals were performed in honour of their gods.
5×1=5mks
4.
- Locust
- Fire
- The Plumb line
- A basket of fruits
- The lord standing at altar/God’s judgment on Israel 5×1=5mks
5.
- Jesus was to be great
- Jesus will be the son of God
- Jesus was to rule over the house of Jacob
- Jesus was to be given the throne of David
- Jesus would have an everlasting kingdom
- He was to be conceived through the power of the Holy spirit
- He would be a holy child
5×1=5mks
6.
- Humility
- Love/ care/ compassion/ mercifulness
- Faithfulness
- Courage/ bravery
- Respect
- Kindness/ generosity
- Confidence
- Responsibility
7.
- It is hidden/ secret/ discovered
- It is precious/ valuable
- It is worth a sacrificing for/ self denial
- It should be a priority/ given preference over everything else
- It brings joy when found/ happiness
- It is worth search for
8.
- He talked to the disciples about his death
- He allowed them to witness the transfiguration which was a pointer to the death
- He accepted to be anointed by a sinful woman
- He had a last meal with them
- He told them of a betrayal among them
- Talked of his resurrection
- He told Peter that he would deny him
- He asked the disciples to pray with him in the garden of Gethsemane/ prayed for them/ pray for him
- Promised a helper/ holy spirit
- Appointed Peter as the leader to take over from him
- He demonstrated to them humility by washing their feet
- Instructed them to prepare themselves for the future
5 x 1 = 5 mks
9.
- Through visions
- Through dreams
- Through the works of the Holy Spirit/ gifts of holy spirit/ prophecy through work of miracles
- Through miracles, wonders, signs ( release of Paul, Peter)
- Through apostolic teaching/ evangelization
- Through scriptures/ Bible/ Holy book
- Through angles
- Election of apostle/ deacons/ laying of hands
- Growth of the church ( king Constantine)
- The faith of people endurances during persecution Stephen/ Perpetua
(5x 1 = 5 mks)
10.
- It was a demonstration of unity of the body of Christ
- As a sign of love among the believers
- It was a tradition started during the Passover/ Lord’s supper – commemoration
- It was a way of catering for the needy people
- It was a way of evangelizing/ spreading the gospel/ worship together
- In order to enhance equality of believers- common pool
- In readiness of Jesus 2nd coming
- In order to provide an opportunity for fellowshipping/ strengthen their faith
- Sign of obedience to Jesus/ community to be generous/ emulate Jesus way of life/ sharing/ generosity.
-
- Thanksgiving for the new child
- As a sign of acceptance/ full member
- Gives identity to the child/ sense of belonging
- As a way of remembering important event in society
- For blessing the child
- Welcoming the baby to the community
- Security of the child/ brought peace to the child/ appease ancestors
- Showing the relationship/ link between the living and the dead
- Brings unity among the people as they come together
- Provides an opportunity to teach the culture to the youth
- As a sign of continuity of society
- As sign of remembrance/ honor of ancestors
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
12.
- Through making peace agreement/ treaties
- Returning what had been taken/ stolen
- Sharing of meals/ bear parties
- Sacrificing to appease the ancestors/ seeking guidance, intervention/ opinion among the community
- Encouraging marriage between the children of the warring parties
- Sending emissaries/ mediators between the parties/ elders/ chiefs to arbitrate
- Taking reconciliatory oaths
- Paying a fine/ compensation/ punishment/ migration ( any punitive measures)
- Shaking of hands/ initiating dialogue/ seeking apology forgiveness.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
13.
- Healers/ medicine men/ herbalists
- Priests
- Blacksmiths
- Rainmakers
- Elders/ kings
- Diviners
- Prophets/ seers
- Circumcisers
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
14.
- To protect/ care for the living / provide for their needs
- Act as mediators link the living to the spiritual world God
- They give instructions/ guide/ direct the living/ maintaining the law and order
- They bless the living/ empowering the living
- They warn about the impending danger/ calamity
- They give identity to individuals/ community/ legacy
- They punish the living
- They participated into community ceremonies/ rituals
- Welcomed the dead into the spiritual world
15.
- The United Methodist Mission
- The Church Missionary Society ( CMS)
- Friends African Mission (quakers)
- The church of Scotland mission ( CMS)
- The Lutheran church
- Pentecostal Assembles of God
- The gospel Missionary Society
- Seventh Day Adventists ( SDA)
- Church of God
16.
- They taught the other converts how to read the bible
- They helped the missionaries to translate the bible into other languages
- They accepted/ practiced Christian Monogamous marriage
- They abandoned some traditional ritual ceremonies
- Their new lifestyles attracted other African to them Christianity ( role model)
- They preached the gospel in their home areas and beyond
- They established smaller meeting places in the interior
- They were used as interpreters by the missionaries
- They organized fellowship/ worship in areas where the missionaries could not reach
- They provided security.
-
- Hours of work
- Education/ training of employee/ qualification/ skills
- Experience of employee/ competence
- Value of work
- Needs of the employee/ state of the economy of the country/ standard of living
- Dangers/ risks of the job to be done/ nature of work/ type of work
- The returns/ profits of the work
- The ability to pay/ sustainability
- The amount of work to be done / volume
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
18.
- Accepting/ welcoming them as members of the church
- Involving them in church activities like choir
- Preaching to them
- Visiting them
- Building homes where the rejected can stay/ rehabilitation centers
- Providing guidance and counseling for them
- Appealing/ asking their family members to accept them
- Providing them with materials supplies/ funds
- Providing them with jobs/ employ them/ giving self income generating projects
- Providing them with training/ skills for self- reliance carpentry tailoring, masonry etc
- Praying them or for them/ intercede on their behalf
- Providing recreation activities to engage them / cut down on idleness
(5 x 1= 5 mks)
19.
- People are able to carry out abortions which lead to death of unborn/ risk the mother’s life mercy killing euthanisa
- Cloning/ test tube babies undermine human sexuality
- Fertilizer pollute the environment thus endangering the lives of human beings/ any forms of pollutions
- Information derived from pornographic literature video films cyber cafes/ tapes radio pollute the minds
- Vasectomy, tubal legation undermines God’s purpose for protection
- Weapons of mass destructions lead to loss of life
- Human being have been rendered jobless due to modern science and technology/ unemployment
- Accidents caused by machines lead to loss of life/ vehicles
- Deforestation leads to depletion of trees/ soil erosion/ lowers food production/ hunger
- Organ transplant/ plastic surgery undermines God’s creation
- Drug abuse/ substance abuse
20.
- Teaching them about reproductive health
- Preaching sermons on God’s design for marriage
- Encouraging chastity/ abstinence before marriage
- Having guidance and counseling before marriage
- Organizing seminars/ workshops/ retreats where topics on marriage are discussed
- Participating in joint church activities
- Christian leaders living exemplary lives that can be emulated
- Encouraging responsible/ positive relationship among sexes
- Training them to take up responsibility in life ( prepare for married life)
- Encourage the youth to seek God’s guidance through prayer / praying for them.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 2004
MARKING SCHEME
1.(a)
- He challenged Goliath/ killed him using a stone and sling
- He accepted to be anointed by Samuel to be King after Saul
- He repented after he had killed Uriah/ taking Uriah’s wife
- He consulted God/ prophets before he did anything
- He bought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem/ and it a religious centre
- He wanted to built a temple for god /assemble building materials from Lebanon
- He obeyed god’s instructions through prophet Nathan
- He attributed all his success god /made praises god/composed psalms
- He accepted god’s punishment for his sins
- He made sacrifices to god
- He advised his son Solomon to obey God’s laws/ commands in order to succeed as a king
- He fasted/ prayed/ he called himself a servant of God
(b)
- God is powerful
- God is moral / righteous/ good
- God punishes evil/ sin
- God is holy
- God is defender of the defenseless
- God protects/ saves his people
- God provides for his people
- God is faithful
- God answers prayers
- God is kind merciful/ forgiving
- God is loving/ caring
(c)
- Embezzling funds/ greed/ stealing
- Misappropriating funds
- Employment their relative/ nepotism
- Discriminating/ oppressing poor/ needy/ judging people wrongly
- Imposing their ideas on their congregation/ dictating their idea/ engaging in politics
- Practicing sexual immoral
- Misusing spiritual gifts/ false teaching
- Showing off/ pride/ arrogant
- Taking revenge
- (a)
- Jesus was walking with disciples when they saw a man born blind
- The disciples asked him who had sinned ( the parents or the man)
- Jesus answered/ said that the man’s blindness had nothing to do with his sins/ parents sins/ that God works might be seen
- Jesus said that he had to do the work of the father as long as it was day
- He said he was the light of world
- He spat on the ground, made clay of the spittle and anointed the man’s eyes
- He told him to go and wash in the pool of Siloam
- The man went, washed and came back seeing
- The neighbours who knew him wondered whether he was the man who used to beg
- When they asked him, he said he was
- They asked him how he started seeing
- He told him how Jesus had healed him
- They asked him where Jesus was
- He said he did not know
- They took him to the Pharisees because Jesus had healed him on the Sabbath
(b)
- It should be done in secret
- Prayer should be short/ specific/ direct
- It should be addressed to God/ Honour God
- People should pray persistently / without ceasing
- Make your requests through prayers
- Confess sins through prayer
- Pray with humility / be humble
- Have faith when praying/ trust
- Forgive others before praying
- God answers prayers
(c)
- Lack of faith/ trust
- Tiredness/ laziness
- Lack of time / busy schedules
- Frustrations/ bitterness/ problems
- Ridicule/ discouragement from others
- Sinful living/ lack of conscience
- Unanswered prayers
- Lack of knowledge in scriptures
- Fear of the people/ congregation
- Too much wealth/ poverty/ education
- Poor roles models
- Lack of training/ experience
- (a)
- The holy spirit is a counselor/ helper
- He comforts
- He teaches
- He guides
- He judges/ convicts the world
- He is the spirit of truth
- He is a companion
- He strengthens
- He empowers
- He reminds/ convinces people on righteousness
- He glories Jesus Christ
- He reveals the things of God/ reveals things to come
(b)
- People did not believe that he was an apostle/ his conversion
- His message was rejected
- He was beaten/ stoned
- He was imprisoned
- He was deserted by close friends/ mark/ barnabarbas
- Some of the believers were backsliding
- There was competition from other preachers ( apostles)
- There was lack of money/ finance
- There were plots to kill him
- Influences of other religious/ cultural/ ideologies/ practices
- He was persecuted/ oppressed
- He was ship wrecked
(c)
- Be ready to serve God/ people
- One should be ready to forgive
- Christians should have faith in God
- They should endure persecution
- They should be wise/ knowledgeable
- They should be ready to witness for Christ
- They should be prayerful
- They should be of good repute/ exemplary
- They should be ready to condemn evil
- (a)
- Gives one time to visit the sick/ needy
- For dedicating oneself to God/ worship God
- Provides an opportunity for fellowship with others
- It allows one to develop the different talents given by God
- It gives one an opportunity to meet new friends/ family
- One is able to read the word of God
- Provides an opportunity for one to preach/ evangelize
- Provides an opportunity to guide/ counsel others/ one another/ be guide
- Provides time to rest/ rejuvenate/ to regain lost energy
- Provides one with opportunity to take care of the environment
(b)
- Too much money/ wealth/ availability of drugs/ contraceptives
- Lack of inadequate facilities
- Lack of proper guidance/ education on how to use leisure
- Poverty
- Inability to select/ make the right decision
- Bad company/ peer pressure
- Watching/ reading pornographic materials/ negative media
- Misunderstanding in families/ frustrations
- Inability to balance between different activities
- Permissiveness
- Lack of role models
- Idleness/ boredom/ unemployment
8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c)
- The church has moral responsibility/ duty to correct evil in society
- It is a way of emulating Jesus Christ/ imitating
- It is against God’s teachings / laws
- To ensure fair distribution of human/ natural resources
- In order to uplift human dignity / human rights
- So as to create peace/ harmony/ unity in society
- To promote national development
- To guard against God’s judgment upon the nation
5.(a)
- A relative/ mediator/ identifies a girl from a family and suggests to the family of the young man
- Parents make the decision for children when still young
- Parents of the boy the parents of a girl to ask for her hand in marriage
- The young people could court and choose who to marry
- The first wife chooses a girl for her husband
- The young man and his age- mates waylay a girl and take away for marriage
- Bride- process could be paid to a family well in advance
- A young girl can be given as gift to another family
- Some exchange the girls from the two families
- One could inherit a brother’s wife
- A yough girl could be given as a way of setting a dispute/ replace one who had died/ setting debts
(b)
- Marriage is permanent/ highly valued
- There is investigation concerning the families to be involved in the marriages/courtship allowed in some communities
- Many people are involved in marriage negations
- The wife belongs to both the husband and the wider community
- Payment of dowry/ getting children seal the marriage
- Elaborate marriage procedures/ ritual make it difficult for one to divorce
- Fear of paying fines/ returning bride wealth in case of divorce/ lose of dignity
- Marriage disputes are handled by the parents/ elders
- In case of bareness / impotence an alternative is sought e.g. polygamy
- Boys/ girls are taught about sex/ family life
- Gender roles are clearly observed
(c)
- Loss of parental love/ guidance
- Can lead to abuse of drugs
- They can suffer emotional imbalance
- Can lead to school dropout/ truancy
- Children run away from home/ could become street children
- Can lead to child abuse/ labour
- Many engage in prostitution/ crime to provide for themselves ( criminals)
- Lead to disease/ death
- (a)
- There were leadership conflicts in the church
- The missionaries dominated the church leadership
- African protested against control of the local churches by mother churches in ( Europe/ America)
- There was the desire to share prestige enjoyed by the missionaries
- There was varied interpretations of the bible
- Doctrinal differences caused confusion to the Africans
- There arose the need to in- corporate African culture/ practices in the churches
- Some African leaders claimed to have received revelations/ instruction from God to start churches
- The success of the newly formed independent churches resulted in the formation of more churches
- Influences from the first/ second world war aroused nationalistic feelings.
- The Africans were educated/ learned/ had leadership skills
(b)
- It is against God’s teaching
- It was a form of idol worship
- Sacrifices were offered during the oathing ceremonies and yet Christ was the last sacrifice
- Some of the rituals accompanying the oathing were against Christian teaching/ dehumanizing ( barbaric/ primitive)
- Most oaths involved the shedding of blood/ killings
- Oathing emphasized collective responsibility
- Oathing bound the people to the ancestors/ spirits
- Oathing created divisions in the society/ family
- Oathing bound the participants who eventually formed cults
- It was full of secrecy/ instilled fear
- Practices related to oathing were unhygienic
(c)
- To praise God/ worship/ adore
- To relax entertainment/ release tension
- To strengthen the believer’s faith
- To express feelings/ petition God
- To impart spiritual teachings
- To develop/ recognize talents
- To involve the congregation/ keeping members alerts
- It is in line with biblical teachings/ command
- To attract more members in the church
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 313/ 1 2005
- Name the five books of the bible which are referred to as the Pentateuch
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
( 5 x 1= 5 marks)
- Write down five teachings about marriage from the biblical stories of creation
- Marriage is monogamous
- Marriage is between a man and a woman
- It is a permanent union/ no divorce / covenant
- Marriage is for procreation
- It is a continuation of God’s work of creation
- Husband and wife should not be ashamed of each other
- Man and woman are to complement each other/ help each other
- Marriage is for companionship
- Marriage is for love
- Marriage is sacred/ ordained by God/ holy
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why the temple in Jerusalem was important to the Israelite
- It was a place of worship
- It signified the pressure of God
- Sacrifices were offered there
- It united the Jews
- It was a business centre/ trade
- It housed the treasures of the nation
- It was an academic centre for the teachers of the law/ rabbis
- It was a residence for priests
- State five qualities of God from the teaching of Prophet Hosea
- Just
- Forgiving/ compassionate
- Patient/ tolerant
- Loving
- Saviour
- Powerful
- Everlasting
- Guide
( 5 x 1) = 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why Jesus was baptized
- To identify himself with sinners
- To be identified by John
- To be introduced to the crowd as the messiah
- To fulfill all righteousness
- It symbolized his death and resurrection
- To show that he was ready to start his work
- To acknowledge the work of John the Baptist as his forerunner
- State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick
- To demonstrate God’s love for human beings
- To take away their pain/ suffering
- People believed in his healing power/ people had faith in him
- To show that physical healing sometimes symbolized spiritual healing
- As a way of destroying the work of Satan
- To glorify God/ show God’s power
- To fulfill old testament prophesies
- List five teachings about kingdom of God from the parable of the year and the mustard seed
- It grows/ keeps on expanding
- It is hidden/ mysterious/ secret
- It is powerful
- It is universal
- Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have the last supper with his disciple
- He wanted to inform them of his coming death
- He wanted to identify his betrayer
- To establish the institution of the Holy communion/ supper
- To bestow authority to the disciples
- To share the last meal with them
- To show that the bread and wine symbolized his body and blood respectively
- To institute the new covenant
- To identify Peter as the leader
- To warn them about coming persecution after his departure
- Identify five factors that enabled Paul tow in converts among the Gentiles
- He was a Roman citizen
- His occupation as a tentmaker was not a burden
- He was well versed in religious/ legal matters
- He was unmarried/ celibate
- He was able to reach many converts through letter writing
- The ability to perform miracles and wonders
- There was peace in the Roman empire/ pax Roman
- The use of Greek as a common language in Roman empire
- There were good roads/ sea transport which led to efficient travel
- The Greek/ Roman religious were not fulfilling
(15 x 1 = 5 mks)
- State five lessons Christians learn on the cost of discipleship from the story of
Perpetua and Felistas
- A Christian should be ready to suffer/ endure persecution
- Christians should have faith in God
- They should love one another/ unite in suffering
- They should forgive their enemies
- They should be bold/ courageous
- They should rejoice in suffering
- They should encourage/ strengthen one another
- They should know that God’s calling is a priority to family demand/ ties
- Christians should know that martyrdom is not in vain/ there is hope in death
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- write down five places where worship is carried out in traditional African communities
- Under sacred trees
- In caves
- A river bank
- On rocks
- On mountains
- At waterfalls
- In shrines
- In homes of religious leaders
- At grave yards
- Give reasons why seclusion after childbirth is important in traditional African Communities
- It gives the mother time to regain the lost energy
- It keeps the mother/ baby evil eyes/ witchcraft
- It gives the mother time to rest
- It enables the mother to be trained on how to care for the baby
- It enables the mother to feed well produce enough milk
- It enables the baby to adjust to new life
- It enables the mother to take maximum care of the baby
- It marks the end of pregnancy at the beginning of new life
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities
- They predict the future
- They warn people about calamities
- The pre- intercede for the community/ individual during calamities
- They heal the sick
- They interpret messages from spiritual world
- They act as judges in society
- They mediate between God/ Spirits and people
- They comfort the sick in society
- They counsel people with problems
- They use various objects to reveal secrets in society/ expose the wrong doers
- Write down five reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional African communities
- The elders disciplined greedy people/ land grabbers
- There were clear guidelines on the use of land
- Those without land were assisted to acquire it by the clan/ community
- There was enough land assigned to individuals by elders. The wish/ will of
- Parents/ clan on property ownership was respected people were hesitant to acquire land unlawfully for fear of curses justice fairness by elders was adhered in land ownership allocation
- There were clear guidelines on land ownership
- State five problems faced by the Christian missionaries in Kenya by 1914
- Language barrier
- Hostile reception by some communities
- Poor means of transport
- Tropical diseases
- Unfavourable climate conditions
- Islam! African culture/ religion was an obstacle to Christian evangelization
- Rivalry among themselves
- Lack of funds/ resources
- Identify five causes of conflicts between the youth and the old people in the church today
- Mode of dressing language/ communication
- Controversies over the kind of music/ dance
- Issue relating on sex / marriage
- Rigidity in Biblical interpretations
- Controversies over observance of ritual/ church rules
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)
- State five ways in which Christians use their talents to promote evangelism in Kenya today
- Make articles for sale/ weaving / knitting
- Writing/ drawing Christians literature
- Teach others professional skills/ trade
- Acting Christians plays/ skits/ reciting poems
- Compose/ sing dance Christians music
- Preach the word to others
- Offering guidance counseling services
- Acting ushers/ master of ceremonies
- Give five reasons why Christians should vote during the general elections
- It is their constitutional right
- In order to own their elected leaders/ identify with them
- So as to remove oppressive leaders/ government
- In order to effect a peaceful change/ transition
- It is a demonstration of obedience to earthly authorities
- The elected leaders are their direct representatives in parliament / civic authorities
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)
- Write down five consequences of denying employees rest
- Poor working relationships/ lack of respect
- Leads to exhaustion/ fatigue
- Can results in poor health/ death
- Can result in go-slow
- There is mistrust/ need to be supervised so as to work
- Can lead to strikes/ riots/ violence
- Leads to loss of job/ sacking
- Leads to family conflicts/ suspicion/ separation/ divorce
- Lack of time for spiritual nourishment/ worship
- Leads to low morale/ negative attitude to work
- Identify five ways in which Christians assist people who are living with
HIV/AIDS
- Praying for them/ preaching to them
- Guiding and counseling them
- Providing medical services for them
- Providing basic needs for both the infected the family members
- Educating them on ways of avoiding re- infection/ teach them to live positively initiating
- Income – generating activities to provide employment for them preaching against their discrimination/ advocating for legislation to support their existence
- Building home/ shelter for them
- Visiting them
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2313/2 2005
1.a) Give reasons why the Israelites asked Samuel to appoint a king for them.
Samuel, their judge, was old.
- The sons of Samuel had failed as judges/they were unjust/corrupt.
- They wanted a king who would lead them into war
- They wanted a leader who would be recognized by other nations
- They wanted a political government with national authority.
- They wanted a human leader whom they could see/had rejected God their unseen King.
- The sons did not have the leadership qualities of their father.
- Samuel had imposed his sons as judges. 7×1=mks
- b) What were failures of King Saul?
- He performed the duties of a priest/ offered sacrifices.
- He was not patient to go by God’s timing/lacked faith in God.
- He has not repentant after his mistakes.
- He did not listen to the command of God to destroy all the loot from the Amalekites for selfish gains.
- He cheated Samuel that he wanted to offer the animals as sacrifice to God
- He listened to the voice of his subjects/army
- He wanted to kill David.
- He consulted a medium/witch.
- He killed the priest of the Lord. 6×2=12mks
- c) How has corruption affected the society in Kenya today?
There is an increase in crime
- The public has lost trust faith in the government
- There is an increase in poverty
- There is a high level of inflation
- Lack of quality services in all areas of life.
- There is hiring/employing inefficient people
- It has led to disillusion/poor morale of workers
- It has led to strikes/riots among workers.
- It has created unemployment due to inability to create jobs.
- It has created unemployment due to inability to create jobs.
- It has given the country a negative image globally 6×1=6marks
- a) Describe the call of prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 6) (9mks)
- He saw the Lord seated upon a high throne
- There were seraphim standing above the throne/proclaiming God’s glory.
- The foundation of the building shook and the house was filled with smoke.
- Isaiah realized that he was a sinner
- One of the seraphim flew onto Isaiah.
- The seraphim had a live coal in his hand
- He touched Isaiah heard the voice of God asking who could be sent
- Isaiah’s guilt/sins were taken away/forgiven
- Isaiah heard the voice of God asking who could be sent
- Isaiah was ready to be sent by God.
- He was told by God that the message he was to take to the people would be rejected.
- Isaiah asked God for how long he was to preach to those who would not understand the message.
- He was told that was to continue with the task until judgment fell on the people.
- b) Explain Jeremiah’s teaching on the ‘New covenant’. (10mks)
- The laws will be written in people’s hearts and not on stone tablets.
- The new covenant will be between an individual and God / personal salvation/relationship.
- There will be individual responsibility /punishment for those who sin.
- The new covenant will be everlasting.
- The new covenant will be universal.
- There will be forgiveness of sins/they will not be remembered
- There will be no mediators between God and the individual.
- The new covenant would be fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ.
5×2=10mks
- c) How should a Christian respond when offered a job in a hardship area?
- Give thanks to God for the job opportunity.
- One should pray about it.
- Should take up the challenge/accept the offer.
- Should carry out the mission of Jesus Christ.
- Should work with commitment/dedication
- Should adhere to professional ethics
- Should keep the contract of service.
- Should take care of the family
- Should take care of the family.
- Should take care of the filmily
- Should seek guidance on how to work /live in the hardship area
- Seek training in life skills.
61x =6mks)
- a) With reference to the incidents when Jesus was dedicated to God at
the age of forty days:
- Jesus would save people.
- He would bring glory to Israel.
- He would be a light to the gentiles.
- He would be a universal savior
- He would bring judgment to the Israelites.
- Many people would oppose his work.
- He would reveal secret thoughts of people.
- He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem.
6×2=12mk
- b) What lessons did the disciples of Jesus learn from the miracle of feeding of five thousand? (7mks)
- To be concerned for the physical needs of people
- They should thank God.
- To serve others /demonstrate humility
- To practice obedience.
- To praise sharing
- To co-operate with others.
- To be responsible/careful. 7×1=7mks
(c) Why do some Christians find it difficult to share their wealth with others?
- There is selfishness/ individuals in modern society
- The high costly of living has led to economic constraints
- Some only share with members of their tribe/ race/ clan/ family
- Denominational differences hinder the spirit of sharing
- It can encourage dependence/ laziness
- It is difficult to identify those who may genuinely require help/ assistance
- Those receiving help may be suspicious
- Those receiving the assistance may not show appreciation
- They have not understood the biblical concept of sharing
( 1 x 6 = 6 mks)
- (a) State the teachings of Jesus on how a Christian should approach God in
prayer
- Prayer should be addressed to God the father
- One should go to a secret place/ quiet place
- A Christian should be specific/ precise when praying
- One should have faith/ pray expectantly
- On should be persistent in prayer
- One should praise/ adore God when praying
- One should confess his / her sins
- One should forgive others while praying
- One should ask for his/ her need
- One should be humble when praying
- One should pray for God’s will to be done
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) With reference to the day of Pentecost, outline Peter’s message on the people
- He told the people that the disciples were not drunk
- They were filled by the holy spirit as fulfillment of God’s prophecy
- That Jesus was the son of God
- God’s power was seen in the miracles, signs and wonders performed by Jesus
- Jesus had been killed by the Jews because of their wickedness
- God raised Jesus back to life
- Jesus was a descendant of David
- That Jesus ascended to heaven and is at the right hand of God
- Jesus is the lord/ Christ
- He called the people to repent their sins so as to be forgiven
- They were to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ
(6 x 2 = 12 mks)
(c) Qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today
- Should be knowledgeable in/ conversant with God’s word
- Should be obedient to God’s commandments
- Have their faith / trust in Jesus
- Preach the gospel/ win others to the kingdom of God
- Should help the needy
- Live a life of fellowship with others/ listen to others
- Be exemplary/ be the salt and light of the world/ role model
- Ready to suffer for Christ/ self denial
- Guide and counsel others
- Pray all the time
- Condemn evils in the society
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (a) Discuss the factors that promoted harmony and mutual responsibility in
traditional African communities ( 8 mks)
- People participated in communal work
- There was sharing of resources among members of the community
- All members took part in rites of passage
- There were rules/ taboos to regulate behavior
- Deviant members in the community were heavily punished
- Children were educated on the moral values/ social ethics/ customs/ traditions of the community
- People were educated on their responsibilities/ obligations in the society
- The role of each member of the community was spelt out/ upheld/ there was division of labour
- The extended family system ensured that all members of the community were provided for
- The people had some origin/ religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
- There was communal worship
- The community had methods of defending the members against external attacks
- The community had social/ political organization which were respected by all
- There was communal ownership of land
- There were proper guidelines on the use/ disposal of community wealth
8 x 1 = 8 mks
- What changes are taking place in the property ownership in traditional African communities
- Women/ children can now own property
- Wealth is longer determined by the number of wives/ children
- The introduction of money economy has reduced the value attached to land
- The roles of elders in sharing of property has been eroded
- Land is individually owned through the issuance of title deeds
- People write wills to share/ decide who should inherit their property
- Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home
- Land can now be sold/ auctioned
5 x 2 = 10 mks
- Why is the church in Kenya opposed to the practice of wife inheritance?
- It may lead to abandonment of children/ wife
- It can cause jealousy/ breakage of the family
- It may lead to destruction of property/ snatching/ grabbing/ property
- It is dehumanizing/ oppressive to the woman/ widow
- It can lead to disease/ HIV/ AIDS
- It can cause embarrassment to the concerned members
- It is against the Christian teaching of monogamy
- It may lead to street children/ increase in crime
- It can lead to mistreatment of children/ wife
- It can lead to death
- It can create psychological/ emotional problems
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
- (a) Describe the changes the Christian missionaries introduced to the African
communities in Kenya by 1945 ( 12 mks)
- They introduced the Christian faith/ bible
- A new class of religious specialists developed/ catechists
- They introduced Western education/ people learnt how to read and write
- New agricultural crops such as coffee replaced the growing of some indigenous crops
- Hospitals were established where diseases were treated using European medicines/ technology
- Some aspects of African religious beliefs/ practices were denounced
- Church structures replaced traditional African places of worship
- They introduced a particular day of worship/ Sabbath day
- They paved way for colonialization
- They trained Africans in various fields of specialization
- They converted Africans were alienated form their families/ communities
(6 x 2 = 12 mks)
- What problems is the church in Kenya facing due to industrialization
- Rise in family breakage
- There is pollution of water/ air
- It has led to individualism/ selfishness
- There is an increase in social vices
- It has led to exploitation of workers/ over working
- There is exploitation/ destruction of land/ deforestation
- It has led to division in the family
- It has contributed to poor health/ sickness/ death
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) Outline the steps the church is taking to reduce poverty in Kenya today
- Advocates for equitable distribution of resources
- Condemns unfair treatment of workers
- Supports income generating activities among its members
- Initiates projects where people are employed
- Establishes people on the importance of sharing resources/ communal living
- Encourage self- employment
- Preaches against idleness/ encourages dignity of work
- Condemns deals in the society
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
K.C.S.E 2006CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/1
MARKING SCHEME
- (a) Reasons why Christian read the bible
- It provides Christians with moral values
- It is a source of spiritual
- It is used in Christian worship
- It gives them inspirational/ hope
- It helps them to understand their relationship with God
- It is a source of Christian beliefs/ practices
- It reveals God to them makes them understand the will of God
- It is a source of knowledge
- It is the word of God the authours were inspired by God
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
- Attributes of God as portrayed in Genesis story of creation. ( chapter 1
and 2)
- God is all powerful/ omnipotent
- God of order/ orderly/ perfect
- He is everywhere/ omnipresent
- He is the provider/ sustainer
- He is the creator
- He is all knowing/ omniscient
- He commands moral ( obedient – Adam & Eve) Gen 2: 16
- He is loving (wants personal relationship with man)
- He is everlasting/ self existence
- He is a spirit
- God is the source of goodness
- God is holy Gen. 2: 3
( 7 x 1 = 7 mks)
- Consequences pf breaking taboos in traditional African communities
- Paying of a fine
- Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
- Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
- Being killed
- Cleaning/ undergoing rituals
- Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
- Offering compensation
- Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
- Denial of privileges
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Promises that God made to Abraham
- He would make Abrahams name great/ famous
- God would bless those who bless Abraham/ curse those who curse him/ protect him
- All the families of the world would be blessed through Abraham
- God would give land to Abraham’s descendants
- He would give Abraham many descendants/ he would have a great nation
- God will bless Abraham
- God would give Abraham long life/ he would die in peace
- He would give Abraham a son/ heir
- Kings will come from Abraham’s descendants
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) Problems Moses faced as he led the Israelites during Exodus
- Lack of water for the Israelites
- Lack of food for the Israelites
- Complains/ grumbling by the Israelites/ refuse to listen to Moses
- Warring tribes in the desert
- Settling of disputes among the people
- Traveling in hostile/ harsh climate conditions/ terrain
- Lack of faith from the people/ worship of the golden calf
- Rebellion/ opposition from his family
- Threat from the Egyptian army
- Bites from snakes
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
- Reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews
- It was an outward sign of the inner faith in God
- It was a physical badge/ identity for all male children
- It showed that one had made a covenant with God/ that benefits form God’s promises to Abraham
- It was a sign of obedience to God
- It signified purity/ cleanliness
- Through it, one became a member of Jewish community/ Abraham’s family
(4 x 1= 4 mks)
- (a) Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king
- Samuel had become old/ unable to rule/ feared he would dies
- Samuel appointed his sons as judges/ made the post hereditary
- The sons of Samuel were corrupt/ his sons had failed as judges
- The Israelites wanted to be like others nations
- They wanted a king who could lead them to war against their enemies
- They wanted a leader whom they could see/ rejected God as their king
- They wanted a political government with national authority/ organized system etc
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(b)
- He built the temple for the worship of Yahweh
- He established trade links with neighboring nations
- He built many cities in Israel/ infrastructure
- He organized the central government/ improved tax collection/ established a strong army to maintain peace
- He established diplomatic links with other countries/ nations
- He built a magnificent palace
- He composed proverbs songs for the worship of Yahweh/ wrote the book of ecclesiastics
- He settled disputes wisely
- He installed the ark of the covenant in the temple/ dedicated the temple of God.
(c) Causes of power struggle which God reveals himself to Christians today
- Greed for lack material possession/ poverty
- Hypocrisy among the believers/ leaders misbehavior
- Tribalism/ nepotism/ clanism/ racism/ ethnicity/ all other forms of discrimination
- Gender gap
- Economic status/ rich versus the poor in the church
- Educational status
- Differences in interpretation of the Christian doctrine
- Rigidity/ conservatism among leaders
- Political interference in the leadership of the church
- Fighting for recognition/ prestige
- Succession wrangles
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (a) The role of prophets in the Old Testament
- They spoke on behalf of God/ God’s messengers/ mouth pieces
- They foretold the future events
- They guided counseled the kings
- They called people back to repentance/ gave message of hope
- They reminded the people about the covenant
- They condemned the evil in society
- They warned the people of God’s judgment
- They made the people understand the nature of God
- They offered sacrifices to God
- They anointed kings
- They interpret the vision dreams from God/ current events
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- Reasons why prophet Amos was against the way Israelites worshipped
God
- They gave empty sacrifices which did not reflect holy lives
- They practiced syncretism
- There was sincerity in worship/ hypocrisy
- They made idols/ worshipped idols
- They built many high places of worship for idols
- They misused the temple by feasting drinking
- They refused to listen to the prophets of God/ listened to false prophets
- They misused the Sabbath
- They practiced Temple prostitution
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
(c) Ways through which God reveals himself to Christians
- Through visions
- Through dreams
- By reading the word of God/ bible
- Listening to preachers/ crusades/ observing role models
- Through answering prayers miracles
- Through nature events/ calamities
- Through the holy spirit/ the gifts of the Holy Spirit
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)
- (a) The problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of
Jerusalem
- The officials of Tekoa did not co-operate with him ( Neh3:5
- He was ridiculed by Sanballat and Tobiah. Neh 2:17 – 19, 4: 2- 3
- He received threats of violence from the enemies Neh 4: 7 – 8
- A trap was laid to drill his mission of rebuilding the wall. Neh 4: 12
- There was a plot to kill him. Neh 6: 2 -3
- Insecurity from the enemies Neh 4: 11 – 12
- False prophets tried to discourage him. Neh 6: 14
- Opposition from the Jewish nobles Neh 4: 19
- False accusation from his enemies Neh 6: 5-9
(5x 2 = 10 mks)
- The symbolic acts used by prophets Jeremiah to demonstrate God’s judgment and punishment to the Israelites
- Buying a new linen waistcloth and buying in a cleft of the rock Jer 13L 1 – 11
- Jeremiah was not to marry. Jer 16: 1- 18
- The reworking of the vessels by the potter. Jer 18: 1 – 17
- The breaking of the earthen flask before the elders. Jer 19: 1 – 15
- He was shown two baskets or figs one with good figs and another with bad figs. Jer 24: 1 -10
- Wearing of the yoke Jer 27: 1 – 15
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)
- Lessons Christians learns from prophet Jeremiah’s teaching on the new covenant
- They should internalize the Law of God/ laws of God are in their hearts
- They should have personal relationship with God/ know God personally
- There is individual responsibility/ punishment when one sins
- There is forgiveness of sins if one repents/ reconciliation
- Christian have an everlasting relationship with God
- Those who repent their sins have a new beginning
- The need to have faith in God
- They should obey practice the law of God
- They learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (a) The importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in
traditional African communities
- Bathing of the baby sets in the begging of new life
- Shaving of the mother and baby’s hair symbolizes new status
- Choosing of the appropriate name to give the baby is for identification/ incorporation into the wider society/ honour to the ancestors
- Feeding of the baby symbolized new life growth
- Holding of the baby by members of the community shows concern for it/ shared responsibility by the extended family
- Saying prayer/ words of blessings for the mother and baby signifies long life
- Slaughtering of animals is a way of thanksgiving to ancestors/ God
- Feasting is a sign of joys/ socialialism/ welcoming the baby/ acceptance
- Giving of presents to the baby/ mother is a sign o f good will/ ownership of property
- Wearing of charms signifies protection for the baby/ mother
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
- Moral values acquired during marriage in traditional African Communities
- Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience
- Respect/ courtesy
- Responsibility/ hard work
- Hospitality/ kindness
- Tolerance/ perseverance/ endurance/ patience
- Love
- Co-operation/ unity
- Humility
- Honesty
- Integrity
- Courage
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why death is feared in traditional African Communities
- It disrupts the rhythm of human life/ activity
- It is irrevocable/ in escapable
- It brings impurity to the family
- It deprives the community of the individuals
- It involves too many rituals
- It comes unannounced
- It separates one from the loved ones/ marks the end of life on earth
- Nobody knows about the life after death
- It may cause misunderstanding in the community
- Death rites reveal people’s characteristics
- It brings poverty to the family involved
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2006
- (a) The visit of the Angel of the Lord to the Shepherds on the night Jesus was born.
- The shepherds were looking after their flocks in the field at night
- The angel appeared to them
- The glory of the lord shone around them
- They were filled with fear
- The angle reassured them/ told them not to fear
- He told them of the good news of the birth of Jesus
- They were told where to find baby Jesus
- The angles gave them a sign on how they would find Jesus
- There appeared a host of angles singing/ praising God
- The angles left them/ went back to heaven
- The shepherds went to Bethlehem/ found baby Jesus
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) The differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.
- John the Baptist preached mainly in the wilderness/ the desert of Judah, while
Jesus preached in the synagogues/ homes cities/ towns/ temple
- John the Baptist called people to repentance, while Jesus forgave/ died for
their sins
- John the Baptist with water, but Jesus was baptized with the holy spirit/ fire
- John the Baptist lived the life of Nazarite, while Jesus mixed freely with all
people
- The emphasis of John the Baptist preaching was in the promised Messiah,
while that of Jesus was about the kingdom of God
- John the Baptist’s message was direct whereas Jesus preached in parables
- While John the Baptist disciples fasted, the disciples of Jesus ate and drank
- John the Baptist did not perform miracles, but Jesus ministry was full of
signs/ wonders
- John the Baptist was the fore runner / prepared the way while Jesus fulfilled/
was the messiah
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(c) Lessons Christians learn about family relationships from the incident when
Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover Festival.
- Christians should obey their parents
- Parents should teach their children about God
- Parents should provide opportunities for their children to mix with others
- Parents should love/ be concerned about their children
- Family ties should about be broken/ families should live in unity
- God’s work takes priority over the family
- Parents should recognize their children’s talents/ abilities
- There should be open communities among family members
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) The story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain ( Luke 7: 11- 17)
- Jesus went to the city of Nain accompanied by his disciples/ crowd
- At the age of the city, he met people carrying a dead man
- The dead man was the only son of the widow
- The mother/ widow was accompanied by a large crowd
- Jesus felt pity for the widow/ told her not to weep
- Jesus touched the bier ( coffin) in which the body lay
- Jesus told the dead man to arise
- The dead man sat up/ began to speak
- Jesus gave the man to his mother
- The people were filled with fear
- The people glorified the lord
- Jesus fame spread in Judea/ in the surrounding region
8 x 1 = 8 mks
(b) How the church continues with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ
- Christians pray for/ preach to the sick
- Laying hands on the sick/ anointing them/ any other miraculous healing
- Providing guidance and counseling services
- Constructing hospitals/ health centers/ rehabilitation centers
- Providing preventive/ curative drugs/ treating the sick
- Paying medical expenses for the sick
- Producing/ disseminating literature/ electronic media on health issues
- Preaching against evil/ causes of ailments that interfere with good health
- Providing food/ clothing/ shelter/ finances to the sick/ needy
- Visiting the sick
- Training medical personnel
- Educating through seminars/ workshops
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) Lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus
- Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/ holy
- They should be always alert
- They should not be selfish/ share God’s secrets with others
- It teaches that Jesus was a fulfillment of the Old Testament law/ prophesies
- They should be prayerful
- They learnt that Jesus is the messiah foretold by the Old Testament prophets
- They should enter the presence of God with great respect/ reverence
- They should learn to endure suffering
- They should live with hope knowing that there is life after death
- They should be slow to speak/ learn more about Christ before they speak
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching
- To encourage sinners to accept the word of God
- To show consequences of loose living
- To encourage people to realize their sinfulness / be willing to repent/ reconcile
- To teach about God’s love for all people/ kingdom of God is for all people
- To show God’s unconditional forgiveness
- To warn against judging others/ condemning them
- To teach his audience the need to rejoice for/ welcome repentant sinners
- He wanted to encourage families to live in harmony / unity
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) Preparations that Jesus made for the last supper
- Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare for the last supper/ Passover
- He instructed two disciples to go into the city/ Jerusalem
- He told them that they would meet a man in the city carrying a jar of water
- Jesus told them that they should follow the man into the house he would enter
- Once in the house, the disciples were to ask the owner/ householder to show them the guest room
- Jesus told the disciples that the householder/ owner would show them a large furnished upper room
- He instructed the disciples to prepare the room
- The disciples to prepare the meal
- Jesus together with his disciples sat down in the prepared room
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) Reasons that made Judas Iscariot betray Jesus
- Greed for money/ material possession
- It was God’s will for the fulfillment of the scriptures to be realized
- Judas was unable to overcome/ conquer the power of evil/ he was tempted by Satan (Diabalos)
- He was looking for fame/ recognition
- He was unhappy with Jesus activities
- He was an informer of the Jewish religious leaders
- He was expecting a political messiah yet Jesus was a spiritual Messiah
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
- (a) Spirituals gifts taught by St. Paul in the Early church
(i) Wisdom
(ii) Knowledge
(iii) Faith
(iv) Healing
(v) Working miracles
(vi) Prophecy/ preaching
- ability to distinguish between spirits/ discernment
- Speaking in tongues
- Interpretation of tongues
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) How the use of the gifts of the holy spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth
- The people who had the gifts of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have
- There was competition in speaking in tongues
- There was no interpretation of tongues hence messages were not understood
- People did not show love to one another as they used the gifts of the Holy
- There was disorder/ confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to out do one another
- People did not use their gifts for the growth/ development of the church
- Gifts such as prophecy/ teaching/ preaching were looked down upon
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(c) Contribution of women in the church in Kenya today.
- Women engage in preaching the gospel/ evangelism
- They clean/ decorate the church
- Women take care of young children in the church
- They contribute money/ clothes/ food to the less fortunate/ needy
- They prepare meals for church leaders/ visitors/ prepare holy communion
- They act as ushers in the church
- Women run income generating projects/ other projects for the church
- Women sing in church choir
- They organize seminars/ workshops in the church/ guide and counsel members
- They are leaders in the church/ participate in choosing leaders
- Women give tithes/ offering to the church
- Women pray/ intercede
6 x1 = 6 mks)
- (a) Advantages of a Monogamous Marriages
(i) It enhances intimacy/ conjugal rights in the family
(ii) It upholds dignity/ honour of the family members/ children respect their
Father
(iii) Security is enhanced
(iv) Love is not divided
(v) It eases wrangles on property ownership/ inheritance
(vi) It is a covenant protected by God/ the state
(vii) Law and order prevails in the family/ there is harmony/ unity
- It reduces the risk of being infected with sexually transmitted infection/ HIV and AIDS
- Providing for family needs/ resources is easier
- It is easier to develop mutual confidence/ trust among family members
- It reduces delinquency among the children
- The woman takes pride in the marriage/ is able to enjoy privileges
(b) Factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today.
(i) Poor role models/ lack of role models
(ii) stress / depression/ rebellion (frustrations)
(iii) Peer pressure/ curiosity
(iv) Influence of mass media
(v) Availability/ cheap cost of drugs / too much wealth
(vi) Irresponsible parenthood
- Lack of guidance and counseling
- Corruption/ greed
- Poverty
- Moral decay/ permissiveness in the society
- Lack of knowledge/ ignorance on the use of drugs
- Idleness
- Urbanization/ western culture 7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) Reasons why the church participates in the fight against HIV and
AIDS.
(i) It is a continuation of Jesus works of healing
(ii) The church has a duty to guide and counsel/ promote moral values in the
Society
(iii) To cater for the infected / affected members within the church
(iv) To conserve / preserve God’s creation
(v) It is the duty of the church to help reduce human suffering
(vi) To promote economic development
(vii) To promote peace in the family co- existence
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) The rights of citizens in Kenya today
(i) Rights to life/ live
(ii) Rights to have basic needs/ food/ shelter/ clothing
(iii) Right to receive education
(iv) Right to marry/ raise up a family/ belong to a family
(v) Right to have freedom of association/ assembly
(vi) Right to freedom of speech/ receive information/ expression
- Right to own property
- Freedom of worship
- Right to liberty/ movement
- Right to work/ earn a living
- Right to medical care/ health
- Right to security/ protection by law
- Freedom of conscience / right to vote
7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) Reasons why Christians pay taxes to the government in Kenya
(i) To emulate Jesus who paid tax to the Roman authorities
(ii) To heed Jesus instructions to respect the civil authorities
(iii) Christianity pay taxes in order to receive service from the government
(iv) To provide essential services
(v) Christians pay taxes as a sign of patriotism
(vi) Christians pay taxes as a way of sharing their wealth/ resources with others
- It is their duty to pay taxes to the government
- To enable the government to meet its financial obligations
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c)How the church is helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya
- Providing guidance and counseling
- Preaching about love for one another in the society
- Rehabilitating law breakers
- Providing jobs/ offering training opportunities to the people
- Giving loans to people to start/ run business
- Providing recreational facilities/ organizing recreational activities for the youth
- Reporting criminals to the law enforcement authorities
- Disciplining deviant members of the church
- Participating in government programmes established to fight crime ( e.g. community policing)
- Obeying the laws of the country/ being role models
- Praying for peace/ harmony
- Teaching responsible parenthood
- Providing basic needs for the needy
- Condemning evil practices in the society/ teaching against crime.
C.R.E paper 1
Ms 2009
PAPER 1
- The teaching about human beings from the biblical creation accounts
- Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God
- They have been given authority /domination over God creation.
- They communicate /fellowships with God.
- They are special/the greatest creation of God
- They have the ability to think /reason/make choices/decision sin their lives
- They are blessed by God
- They have give a special place to stay/Garden of Eden
- Human beings are to use other creation/plant for their benefits
- They are to take care of the creation till the land work
- Human beings are to procreate/multiply through marriage.
- Man and woman era to compliment/provide companionship for each other.
- Human beings are Gods creation/male and female.
- The woman is created out of hetmans rib
(7×1= 7 mks)
- b) Effects of sin on Adam and Eve
- They started dying yet they were to live forever
- They became afraid of God/they hide when He called them.
- They lost authority over the other creation
- Man was to rule over the woman/inequality between man and woman set in.
- The woman was to be in pain when giving birth
- There developed enemity between the human beings and the serpent
- They became embarrassed because of their nakedness
- They were expelled out of the Garden of Eden /separated with God
- They developed mistrust between man and woman.
(4×2=8 mks)
- c) How the church helps to bring back members who have fallen from the faith.
- By visiting the/inviting them to their homes
- By being patient/forgiving them
- By evangelizing to them/preach/teaching
- By guiding and counseling them/referring them to experts according to their needs.
- Praying for them
- By inviting them back to church
- By encouraging them to repent/confess
- By offering material needs/aids (5×1= 5 mks)
- (a)The characteristics of a covenant between god and Abraham.
- A covenant is made between two parties who enter into a mutual agreement. God and Abraham were the two parties that entered into a mutual agreement.
- In a covenant promises are made. God made several promises of what He would for Abraham
- The covenants solemnized through rituals. Abraham offered animals/birds as sacrifices to God.
- A covenant has an outward sign. Abraham was to circumcise all his male children/descendants to show that he made a covenant with God.
- Covenant has conditions/obligations to be met. The covenant between God and Abraham was not be broken it bound even his descendants generations later
- During covenant making there were witnesses. God as the sole initiator rasped through the sacrifice as the witness to the covenant
- A covenant is sealed. It was abseiled through the blood of animal
- Mark for mention
- Mark for explanation
(4x 2=8 mks)
- b) The similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.
- In both it promotes one into full membership of the community.
- It is a mark of identification of a person to a particular community
- It is carried out on male children
- In both cases circumcision has a religious significance
- In both cases special people/religious leaders/head of the communities carry out the operation.
- In both cases it unites the members it the ancestors
- In both cases members receive new names
- In both cases the rite is carried on from generation to generation/out cost compulsory
- In both cases the ritual is a communal affair.
- In both cases it involved the cutting of the foreskin
(7×1= 7 mks).
(c) Identify lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham
- God demands faith/obedience from people.
- God is the provider/sustainer/giver
- God blesses/curses
- God is the protector
- God is the controller of the world
- God is a spirit/everywhere
- God is be worshiped
- God guides people
- God speaks/makes promises/fulfills promises
- God cares for His people.
- (a) the functions of the temple in the Jewish community
- It was used for worship/prayers
- It was the place where the law was taught to children/people
- Priest burnt sacrifices/offered incense in the temple to God.
- Purification rituals were conducted here
- It was a home for priests. Residential for Levites
- Dedications/presentations of the babies were carried out in the temple
- It was the business centre for Jews. Commercial centre
- The Jewish council (Sanhedrin) held their session her/a place where cases were heard/determined/law court
- All the Jewish festivals were celebrated here.
(7×1= 7 mks)
- b) Ways which show that King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life.
- He married foreign wives/concubines.
- He allowed worship of foreign gods/idols/he worshiped foreign gods.
- He murdered his half brother adonijah whom he thought would rival his power
- He taxed the Israelites heavily for his upkeep
- He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on God.
- He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on god
- He built places of worship for the false gods
- He subjected the Israelites to force labuor/slavery during the construction of the temple/his palace.
- He signed treaties with his neighbors for protection
- He sold land to Hiram King of Tire
- He use more time to build his palace than the temple of God
(6×1= 6 mks)
(c) Factors that have led to the increase of Christians denominations in Kenya.
- Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power.
- Differences in biblical interoperations/hunger for power
- Resistance to change by the older church members who want to remain as it was/generation gap.
- Material gain/greed selfishness where starting a church has become a business
- Lacks of spiritual satisfaction by some members make them start their own churches
- Lack of good exam {le/poor role model by the leaders/corrupt leaders
Vii Desire to be free from missionary/foreign control
Viii Differences in mode of worship/ritual observance /model of worship
ix Nepotism/tribalism/clannish/racialism among Christians
- The Kenya constitution has allowed freedom of worship
- Disagreements in ethical issues/policies in the church regarding how certain
matters should be handled e.g. family planning, dressing.
- (a) similarities between prophets in the Old testament and traditional
African communities.
NB/No contrast
- Both mediated between God and people.
- Both received revelation from God/they were Gods spokespeople /delivered message.
- Both foretold the future/predicted/warned/seers
- Both played religious as well as political role
- Both spoke with authority/charismatic leaders
- Both acknowledged the presence of supreme being/supernatural power
- In both, there were prophets and prophetesses
- Both prophesied to condemn evil in the society
- In both, their prophecies were fulfilled
- In both there were consulted on various issue sin society.
(b) The teaching of prophet Amos on the remnant and a restoration of the Israelites(Amos 9: 8-15)
- God would restore the dynasty of David after destruction
- God would bring the people back to their land
- The people would rebuild their cities so that the remnant of Edom can occupy them
- The land would be reproductive/grapes will be in abundance/wine would be in plenty
- The people would grow food and harvest it
- The people of Israel would peaceful/prosperous
- The Israelites would never be taken into exile again.
(5×1=5 mks)
- c) The relevance of prophet Amos on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya today
- Christians are Gods people
- It is God who chooses them to be Christians
- God chooses one to be a Christians
- The Christians have been chosen by God to proclaim the good news/service.
- God protects the His people from their enemies
- Christians should be faithful/obedient to god
- They will be punished by God if they do wrong.
- They should always repent their sins/ask for forgiveness
- The priests/bishops/church leaders are chosen by God
- (a) The promises that Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God during the times of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10: 28-39)
- They were to live according to Gods law/obey all his commandments/requirements
- They would not intermarry with the foreigners living in their land
- They promised not to farm every seventh year/they were to cancel all the debts
- They would make annual contribution towards temple expenses/not to neglect the house of God
- They were to provide wood for burnt sacrifices
- They were to offer the first fruits of their harvest/dedicate their first born sons/flocks as required by the law
- They would pay their tithes in accordance with the law
- They will not do any business on the Sabbath day.
(4 x2 = 8 mks)
- b) The final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in
Judah.
- Cleansing of the temple
- Reinstating of the Levites and other temple workers
- He ordered the closure of Jerusalem for proper Sabbath observance
- He separated the Jewish from the foreigners
- He purified the priesthood.
- Throwing out the household of Tobia out of the chamber
- Cleansing the chamber in the temple
- Returning the vessels of the house of God
- Appointing treasures over the storehouses
- Sopping the buying and selling of wares on the Sabbath day
- He ordered an end to mixed marriages/foreigners.
- c) The problem that Christians leaders in their work today.
- Opposition from political leaders/society.
- Lack of cooperation from the members of the church/lack of unity among Christians
- False prophets/cultic affiliation// hypocrisy/black magic/witchcraft
- Misinterpretation of the scriptures
- Drug abuse among the members
- Lack of adequate time for pastoral care
- Poor infrastructure that make it impossible to reach some areas
- Insecurity in some parts of the country
- Lack of resources to enable them spread the good new/poverty
- Lack of professional training to enable them do their work effectively.
- Permissiveness/moral decadence, which has become the order of the day.
- Negative influence from the mass media/pornography.
(7×1= 7 mks)
- a) Rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional African
Communities
- There is feasting in family/relatives
- Prayers of thanks giving/blessings /protection so offered
- Protective charms are given to the mother.
- Sacrifices are offered to God
- The mother/baby are kept in seclusion
- There is dancing/singing for the new life
- The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
- The baby/mother are given gifts
- The mother hair is shaved
- Ululations are made to announce the sex of the baby .
- The baby is washed
- The baby is given bitter/seat substance to take.
(6 x1 = 6 mks)
(b) Reasons why the children are important in traditional African Communities
- They ensure the continuity of the society
- They inherit the parent property
- They take care of there parents during old age.
- They cement the relationship between the husband and wife/make the marriage stable
- They are a source of labour
- They offer security to the society/act as warriors when they grow up
- They are a replacement of the dead relatives/ancestors
- Children are a source of wealth to the family community
- They run errands for the community.
(6×1 = 6 mks)
C.R.E
PAPER II 2009
1 a) The message of Prophet Isaiah messiah (Luke 1: 26-36)
- The messiah would be a descendant of David/rule of the throne of David
- The messiah will rule forever
- He would be despised /rejected by many/a man of sorrow/suffering servant
- He would be born of a young woman/virgin
- Messianic reign/rule will bring happiness/joy to the Israelites
- He would be wounded for people’s transgressions/would suffer for sins of human beings
- Peace /prosperity will prevail during the messianic reign
- He will be called wonderful/counselor/mighty god/Everlasting Father/Prince of peace/anointed/God Immanuel.
- He will rule with justice/ righteousness
- He would have characteristics of normal human being/child
- His suffering through the will God/it will be initiated by God.
(4 x2 =8mks)
- b) The activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2:6-20)
- Mary, the mother of baby Jesus wrapped him in swaddling clothes.
- She laid him in a manger
- Angle of the Lord appeared singing the praise of God
- A multitude of angles appeared singing the praise of God.
- The shepherds hurried to see the baby
- The shepherds spread the news to many people
- The shepherd sung/praises God after they had seen baby Jesus
- The shepherds retuned to their homes/work.
(6×1 =6 mks)
- c) The importance of singing in Christian Service
- It is an opportunity to praise/adore God
- Christians pass messages/pray through singing
- Singing creates a atmosphere of worshippers relax
- Singing creates an atmosphere of worship
- The singing removes boredom because of the varied activities during the service
- God given talents are portrayed/enhanced during singing.
- Non members are attracted to church through singing
- Those who feel depressed era encouraged through singing
- Singing unites/brings worshippers together as they all join in chorus/song.
(9×1= 6 mks)
2 (a) A description of when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth (Luke 4: 16-30)
- Jesus came to Nazareth where he was brought up.
- He went to the synagogue as he usually did on the Sabbath day
- He was given book of prophet Isaiah when he stood up to read.
- He opened the book, found the place that was written about him and read it to the people.
- After reading he closed the book and gave it to the attendant and sat down
- Everybody in the synagogue looked at him
- He told them that the scripture he has read was fulfilled in their hearing
- All people were happy with what he had spoken
- People wondered a loud saying “is this not Joseph’s son
- Jesus told them that they would ask him to do in his own country things he had done in Capernaum/he told them that a prophet is not accepted in his own country things .
- He told them that there were many widows in Israel during the time of Elijah but God sent the prophet to a widow in Zarephath/God only healed Naaman the Syrian of leprosy during the time of Prophet Elisha.
- They were filled with anger/wanted to throw him head long the cliff
- Jesus passed through their midst and went away.
(7×1= 7 mks)
(b) Reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees in Galilee Luke 5: 12, 6: 11
- Jesus touched a man with leprosy which was against the Jewish law
- He forgave sins which the Pharisees knew only god could do/healed the paralyzed man.
- He mixed/ate with the tax collectors who were known to be sinners
- Jesus made it clear to them that he had not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.
- His disciples did not fast, like those of the John the Baptist which annoyed the Pharisees
- He challenged them to move from the old traditional orders to the new ones which he had brought
- The disciples of Jesus plucked and ate grains on the Sabbath day which was unlawful/he healed a man with a withered hand on a Sabbath
(4×2= 8 mks)
(c) 5 ways in which church leaders can respond to those who oppose the ion
their work
- Find out the causes/reasons for the opposition
- The church leader should pray for/with them
- Explain to them the Gospel truth in a humble manner/guide and counsel them
- Seek reconciliation through third party/another person
- Involve them in decision making/church activities
- Recognize there efforts in supporting the church maters
- Visit them in there homes/fellowship with them /preaching
- Assist them when in problem. (financial/materially)
- Send them message of encouragement
- Change your approach to issue/reform where necessary.
(5×1=5)
3 (a) The teaching that Jesus made to the guests at the Pharisees house in
(Luke 14: 1-14)
- Saving a life can be done on a Sabbath day
- It well to respond to an emergency even on a Sabbath
- Human life is more important than the animal which the Pharisees accept to rescue on the Sabbath day.
- It is good for to humble him/sit in lowly place when invited
- Those who exalt themselves will be humbled those who humble themselves will be exalted.
- It is blessed to invite the poor/maimed/lame /blind tot the feast instead if ones relatives/friends who can invite you in return
- Those who do good for the less fortunate will be repaid during the resurrection of the just.
(5×1=5 mks)
- b) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the great feast in his teaching in
(Luke 14: 15-24)
- He wanted to explain that invitation to god’s Kingdom is open to many people.
- He wanted to show that the Jews were given the first chance to be part of god’s Kingdom but they rejected.
- He wanted to show that people reject god’s call due to material possession/family commitment which can be a stumbling block ones spiritual life.
- He wanted to show that gentiles/outcasts are called to God ‘s Kingdom to replace the non responding Jews.
- He needed to explain that the God’s invitation/call are extended to many people/god offers universal salvation.
- So as to explain that those who refuse/do not accept god’ call will not receive blessing of god’s Kingdom/will not enter the kingdom of god.
- He wanted to challenge the Jews /Pharisees who counted themselves as righteous yet they failed to respond to God’s call.
(4×2=8 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians take part in the Lord ’s Supper.
- Through it, they remember the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for the forgiveness of sin.
- The ceremony is a form of tanking for god’s love/redemption plan
- It is time that Christians reaffirm/renew their faith tin God/bind themselves in the covenant
- It gives Christians an opportunity to repent/ask for forgiveness of sin
- It unites the believers/they fellowship/share with one another
- The partakers experience the presence of God through the sharing of the bread and wine which represent his body and blood respectively
- It is a sign of obedience to Christ who commanded the disciples to do it in his memory
- Through the Christians participate the 2nd coming of Jesus Christ
- It is a foretaste of the heavily banquet/heavenly feast which Jesus promised his disciples.
- (a) reasons why Jesus sent the Holy spirit to the disciples after his ascension
- The Holy Spirit would comfort the disciples
- He was to council the disciples
- He would guide the disciples on what is right/god’s righteousness
- He was to convict people of their sins
- He to the disciples on what is right/God’s righteousness
- He was to convict people of their sins
- He was to reveal the future/enable the disciples to prophets/God’s will
- He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
- He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world.
- He would replace the physical presence of Jesus/stay with the disciple forever
- He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage/confidence/authority.
(7×1=7 mks)
(b) Teaching of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband-wife relationship in Ephesians 5: 21-32
- Members of the church learn to live together in harmony /unity just like a husband and wife.
- There is a chain of authority in, marriage where the head of family in the same way Christ is the head of church.
- Just as Christ sacrificially loves the church, husband should love wives
- The union between a husband and wife is meant to last forever, so Christians are called upon to maintain steadfast faithfulness to Christ unit eternity
- Christians are called to submit to Christ just as a wife submits to her husband.
- Just as a husband and wife become one flesh, so Christians are supposed to be united/cling to Christ.
- Just as Christ nourished/cherishes the church, husbands should care for there wives.
(4×2= 8 mks)
(c)Ways in which Christians identify those who posse the gift of the Holy Spirit.
- By listening to there confession. They should confess Jesus as Lord.
- By analyzing the kind of teaching they profess. The teaching should be about Jesus Christ/Christian doctrine
- By examining there life so ass to know whether they posses/show the fruit of Holy Spirit . (Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, self control, goodness, faithfulness/gentleness.)
- By observing their behavior . The behaviour should not contradict the teaching of Jesus Christ/ be role models
- When the Christians notice the victorious life of such people over temptations/works of the flesh.
- If such persons do not use the gift of the Holy spirit for selfish gains/enrich themselves
- When such believers given glory to God/Jesus after serving performing miracles.
- (a) Christ teaching on work.
- Work is ordained from God/ command from God
- Human beings should work to subdue/conquer the earth
- Work is good/god himself worked
- God blesses a hard worker/worked
- God blesses a hard worker/worker/work is rewarded
- Christians should work to acquire basic need/necessities
- Christians should work to assist these who are needy/less fortunate
- Christian work as a co-creator with God.
- People should work to emulate Jesus who was a worker/carpenter
- Work became a curse/unpleasant after human being fell into sin
- Christians should not overwork/ enslave others
- Those who work should get a just wage
- People should take rest
- People should take rest
- People should work faithfully/diligently
- Work should be done in an orderly manner.
(8×1= 8 mks)
- b) The role of professional ethics in work place.
- They guide the workers on how to relate with one another
- They define how worker should handle/relate with there clients
- They help to create healthy interaction between the workers/employees and their supervisors/authority.
- They help in maintaining the standards of the service offered/goods produced in a work place
- The determine how one should perform his/her duties/keep up the date with the demands of the profession
- They help to maintain dignity of the profession/ integrity of the workers
- They help the public to respect the professional from undue pressures from other interested parties.
- They help to determine the entry requirement/qualifications needed in a given profession.
(3×2=6 mks)
- c) Ways in which the church is helping to reduce the rate of unemployment in Kenya today.
- The church encourages people to start income generating activities
- The church provides loans to the unemployed to start small scale business
- The church creates job opportunities through establishing church projects.
- It teaches the youth about the dignity of manual work/encourage the youth to participate in agriculture/technical fields.
- It organizes seminars for the youth/unemployment on how to utilize their potentials
- It condemns corrupt practices which interfere with the recruitment/economic growth.
- It encourages its members to pay taxes promptly so that the government can have the resources to employ/pay the workers
- It trains/sponsors the youths on vocational skills that are necessary for employment /self employment.
- The church tries to be fair when recruiting people for various jobs.
(6x 1 = 6 mks)
6 (a) The negative effects of the introduction of money economy on
traditional African communities.
- It has led to introduction of wage labour instead of communal working that existed
- It led to migration to town as people search for better paying jobs, destroying the closely knit traditional way of life.
- It has led to the formation of Sio-Economic classes among the people/rich versus poor thus creating suspicion/insecurity.
- It has created individualism which has destroyed the communal way of living /extended family relationship.
- It has led to vices like bribery/corruption/exploitation which have replaced honesty/fairness in traditional African setting.
- The dependency on no money has led to social evils like prostitution, immorality which has destroyed the traditional concept of marriage /value of sex.
- It has led to private ownership of land /land can be bought by those with money one hence destroying the traditional land ownership.
- Dowry has been commercialized thus destroying the traditional African meaning of showing appreciation of the family of the bride /girl
- The type of education one receives is now determined by the amount of money one has unlike in the traditional set up where the elders passed on education to all without being paid.
- Due to the introduction of money economy modern means of transport have been acquired which has led to accidents/pollution of the environment.
- Age is no longer a determinant of social status /a rich young man maybe respected by an elder who is not economically stable.
4×2=8 mks)
(b) Teaching of Jesus on wealth
- wealth should be acquired in the right manner
- wealth a gift from god/god given
- Wealth should be used to serve God/expand God’s Kingdom
- Those who have wealth are only stewards
- Those who have wealth should share it with others/help the needy/poor
- Poverty is not a result of sin/the poor can only enjoy God’s blessing
- Wealth can be hindrance for one to enter in the Kingdom of God
- One cannot serve God and mammon/wealth
- Wealth cannot satisfy all human needs/cannot answer human quest for salvation.
- Those who have wealth should avoid extravagance/prodigality/luxury
- Earth wealth/possession is temporary
- Those who have wealth should use it responsibly. (6×1= 6 mks)
- c) Reasons why Christians should involve themselves in gambling
- Gambling enables one to get money/wealth without working for it
- In gambling one’s gain leads to another person loss
- It creates bitterness in the one who losses
- The bible condemns gambling/unfair interests
- It involves taking advantage of the ignorant players
- There is no security on the wealth/money one put in gambling
- It is addictive/can become a compulsive habit
- It can interfere with family budget/priorities/ can bring misunderstanding in the family/friends.
- It can lead to violence/loss of life
- It can lead to stress/illness
- It shows lack of trust/ dependence upon God
- It can lead poverty, time wasting at the expense of productive work. (6×1=6 mks)
KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL 2010
CRE PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME
- a) The historical Books of the Old Testament.
- i) Joshua
- ii) Judges
iii) Ruth
- iv) First Samuel
- v) Second Samuel
- vi) First Kings
vii) Second Kings
viii) First Chronicles
- ix) Second Chronicles
- x) Ezra
- xi) Nehemiah
xii) Esther
- b) Reasons why the bible is referred to a library.
- i) It contains many books.
- ii) The books were written by different authors
iii) It has different categories of books/division
- iv) The books are written in different styles/forms
- v) The books in the bible were written at different times/situation/background
- vi) The books in the Bible address different issues/topics/purpose
vii) The books were written for different audience/readers
viii) The books are systematically arranged /order/chronological.
- ix) book 4 theology
- c) Occasions when Christians use the Bible
- i) When preaching the word of God (crusade/church sermons)
- ii) When in court
iii) When instructing new converts/conducting Bible study
- iv) During different Christian religious ceremonies/festivals
- v) When teaching Christian Religious Education
- vi) When composing songs/plays/Christian literature
vii) During fellowships/prayers/guidance/counselling
viii) During a swearing in ceremony
- a) Ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the Exodus.
- i) He made a passage from them in the Red Sea.
- ii) He provided them with manna.
iii) He provided them with quails.
- iv) He provided them with water from the stone/rock/asked Moses to purify the bitter water.
- v) He gave the Ten Commandments
- vi) He defeated their enemies the Egyptians/Amelekites/protect them against change.
vii) He provided a cloud to lead them during the day.
viii) He provided a pillar of fire to lead them in the darkness.
- ix) Provided them leaders.
- b) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God when they were in the wilderness.
- i) They built alters
- ii) They offered sacrifices
iii) They sang songs/danced
- iv) They said prayers
- v) They held festivals
- vi) They gave offerings/tithes
vii) They constructed/sacred places of worship/tabernacle/tent of meeting
viii) They observed the Sabbath day
- ix) They burnt incense/burnt offerings.
- c) The challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today.
- i) The emergence of splinter groups within the church.
- ii) The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
iii) The emphasis of materialism by the churches.
- iv) Lack of roles models among the leaders.
- v) Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church members/authoritarianism.
- vi) Misuse of resources by the leaders.
vii) Rise of state-church conflict e.g No/Yes situation.
viii) Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the Bible.
- ix) Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination.
- x) Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
- xi) Permissiveness/moral decadence/during abuse
- a) The commandments that King Ahab and Queen Jezebel broke from the story of Naboth’s vineyard.
- i) They broke the commandments of not to kill when they planned for the stoning of Naboth.
- ii) When they worshipped idols, they broke the rule of not worshipping other gods.
iii) They broke the commandments of not coveting a neighbour’s property when they wanted Naboth’s vineyard.
- iv) The commandments of not stealing was broken when they took Naboth’s vineyard.
- v) The commandments of not to cheat/bear false witness was broken when they planned instituting for false witness against Naboth.
- vi) They used the name of God in vain when they said that Naboth had blasphemed God.
- b) Forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Jezebel.
- i) Death of King Ahab would be in the same place/valley of Jezebel like Naboth.
- ii) Evil would be upon Ahab
iii) God was to take away the prosperity of Ahab/his rule would come to an end.
- iv) Dogs would lick the blood of Ahab
- v) All the male children free/slaves would be cut off.
- vi) The lineage of Ahab would be wiped out.
vii) The dogs would eat anybody who belongs to the family of Ahab who died in the city.
viii) The birds of the air would eat all who die in the field.
- ix) The dogs will eat the body of Jezebel.
- c) Reasons why killings was condemned in traditional African communities.
- i) Life is sacred and therefore should not be destroyed by anybody.
- ii) It brings hatred/revenge/ill-feeling among members of the community.
iii) It destroys continuity of the family/community
- iv) It brings poverty/denies one the chance to take part in the community development.
- v) It breeds suspicion/fear/anxiety.
- vi) It destroys harmony/undermines good relationships in the community.
vii) It creates sadness/misery/sorrow to the relatives/community
viii) To avoid being banished/ex-communicated by the community.
- ix) Avoid curses/being haunted
- a) Characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament
- i) They were called by God.
- ii) They received revelation from God through dreams/visions/direct command/familiar objects
iii) They were obedient
- iv) They faced opposition/rejection from the people because of their uncompromising attitude.
- v) They commanded God’s message to the people.
- vi) The prophets spoke with authority/were fearless.
vii) They acknowledged one God who was universal/monotheism
viii) They understood the nature of the prophesies.
- ix) They preached about God’s judgment for sin/hope for restoration.
- x) Their prophesies were fulfilled.
- xi) They did not prophesy for material gains
xii) They lead holy lives.
- b) Ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the times of prophet Amos.
- i) The rich took people’s garment in pledge.
- ii) The poor were robbed of their food/gains/belongings
iii) Merchants overcharged the poor when selling them anything.
- iv) The poor were sold for a piece of silver/air of shoes as they were considered useless.
- v) The goods sold to the poor were unfit for human use/consumption/expired.
- vi) The poor were cheated in business deals as the rich used faulty scales/measures
vii) The poor were sold into slavery when they were unable to pay their debts to the rich.
viii) The poor were denied justice in the law courts because they could not bribe the judges.
- ix) The cases taken to the courts by the poor were thrown out/not listened to.
- c) Reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in Kenya today.
- i) There are too many needy cases.
- ii) Tribal/ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
iii) Political leaning/affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not belong to their camp.
- iv) Lack of what to share/inadequacy
- v) Indifferences of some Christians to the light of the needy.
- vi) Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready share with those who do not belong to their group.
vii) Poor communication/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make impossible to reach the needy.
viii) It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases.
- ix) Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages Christian from contributing.
- a) Reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet.
- i) He felt that he was too young/was inexperienced as a prophet.
- ii) He did not have the message to the people.
iii) He lacked confidence/courage
- iv) He did not know how to speak/not a good speaker.
- v) He was afraid of confronting/talking against the kings/elders
- vi) The task was too difficult overwhelming for him.
vii) He was not sure of what could be done to him by the people of the message he was to deliver (response to the message).
- b) Evils condemned by prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon.
- i) He condemned the false belief about the temple not being destroyed because it was God’s dwelling place.
- ii) He condemned the hypocrisy/presence of people who committed different sins and came to the temple to worship Yahweh.
iii) He talked about the defiled of the temple by placing idols in it.
- iv) He condemned the worship of other gods/idolatry which was a rebellion to the Sinai covenant.
- v) He condemned the practice of human sacrifice which was against the commandments of God.
- vi) He condemned oppression of the foreigners/widows/orphans which against the covenant way of
vii) He condemned the stubbornness/rebellion of the Israelites against God’s warning
- c) Ways in which church leaders communicate God’s message to the people in Kenya today.
- i) Use of print/give out bibles e.g. publications conference/retreat.
- ii) Holding public meetings/crusades/Rallies
iii) Through sings songs of praise
- iv) Through conducting pastoral care/counseling
- v) Through carrying spiritual healing/prayer
- vi) Conducting door to door evangelism visits.
vii) Providing material support to the needy.
viii) Through leading exemplary lives.
- ix) Through electronic media (6 x 1 = 6 marks)
- a) Places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional Africa communities.
- i) Under trees/in forests
- ii) In caves
iii) At river banks/seashore/lake shores
- iv) Near rocks
- v) On mountains/hill tops
- vi) At waterfalls
vii) In shrines/temples
viii) In homes
- ix) Grave sides (6 x 1 = 6 marks)
- b) Reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities.
- i) It is an act of worship.
- ii) It enables the people to maintain good relationship with God/Human beings.
iii) As a way of asking for protecting
- iv) To appease ancestors/spirits/God for any wrongs done e.g( cleansing forgiveness)
- v) In recognition /honour the ancestors of god’s power.
- vi) It is a way of acknowledging god as the source of life.
vii) In order to seek God’s intervention in times of trouble.
viii) As a thanksgiving to ancestors/spirits/gods
- ix) To invite/ancestors/spirits/God in the function/event.
- x) To ask for blessings (7 x 1 = 7marks)
- c) Roles of ancestors in traditional African communities.
- i) They act as mediators/intercessors between the living and God.
- ii) They monitor oversee what is happening in the community.
iii) They bring punishment to the wrong doers/blessings to the righteous
- iv) They give instructions/directions on what should be done by members of the community.
- v) They rebuke/give a warning of the coming punishment for wrong doers.
- vi) They give guidance on how rituals should be conducted.
vii) They are community values/traditions.
viii) Through the ancestors, the living have a sense of belonging/identify.
- ix) They welcome the dead to the spiritual world.
- x) They provide a reservoir of names. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)
KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIO COUNCIL 2010
CRE PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME
- a) Activities that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the temple (Luke 2:22-40)
- Jesus was taken to Jerusalem to be represented to the Lord by his parents.
- Simeon took Jesus up in arms/blessed the Lord.
- Simeon said that he was ready to die he had seen God’s salvation/a light for revelation to the gentles/the glory to the Israelites.
- Simeon blessed the parents of Jesus.
- Simeon told Mary Jesus’ Mother that the child was set for the fall and rising of many in Israel.
- Anna gave thanks/prayed/spoke of Jesus to all who were looking for the redemption of Jerusalem.
- The parents of Jesus performed everything according to the law of the Lord/offered a pair of turtle doves/pigeons.
- Parents of Jesus returned home. (4 x 2 = 8 marks)
- b) Lessons for Christians from the incident when Jesus was left behind by his parents in the temple(Luke 2:41-52)
- Christians should involve their children in prayer/worship of God.
- Christians should involve their children in day to day affairs.
- Parents should be concerned of where their children.
- Children should be taught the world of God/the Bible.
- There should be communication among family members/they should inform one another of their whereabouts.
- Children should obey their parents.
- Parents should love their children.
- Christian should accommodate the view of the youth.
- Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/he was in his Father’s house.
- Christian should exercise tolerance/forgiveness
- Christians should give God first priority as Jesus did. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)
- c) Ways in which Christian show respect to places of worship in Kenya today.
- Christians maintain cleanliness in places of worship.
- Christians observe silence in the places of worship.
- Places of worship are treated with relevance (e.g in some cases shoes are removed etc)
- Christian dress in decent clothing as they go to place of worship.
- Order is maintained in places of worship/only authorised people are allowed to talk/make announcement.
- Posters/notices/decorations/flowers are put to remind people taht they are in sacred places.
- Constructing special places for worshipping God/dedicating them. (5 x 1 = 5marks)
- a) Jesus’ teachings on how human beings should relate to one another from the Sermon on the plain (Lk 6:27-38)
- Human beings should love enemies.
- They should do good to those who hate them.
- They should bless those who curse them
- They should pray for those who mistreat them
- They should help those in need
- They should lend without expecting anything in return.
- They should show mercy to others
- They should not judge/condemn others
- Human being should forgive one another/not revenge.
- They should be generous
- They should do unto others what they expect done to them. ( 5 x 1 = 5mks)
- b) Incident in which Jesus calmed the storm (Luke 8:22-25)
- Jesus got into a boat with his disciples.
- He told them that they should go to the other side of the lake so they sent off.
- As they sailed Jesus fell a sleep.
- A storm of wind came down of the lake.
- The boat was filled with water/they were in danger.
- The disciples went and woke Jesus saying “master we are perishing”
- Jesus got up, rebuked the wind/the raging water/waves
- The storm subsided/ceased/there was calm
- Jesus asked the disciples where their faith was
- The disciples were afraid/they marveled.
- The disciples wondered who Jesus was even the wind and water could obey him. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
- c) Virtues that Christian learn from the miracles of the feeding of the five thousand (Lk 9:12-17)
- Service
- Obedience
- Faith/trust
- Humility
- Cooperation
- Thankfulness
- Carefulness
- Responsibility
- Kindness/generosity/sharing
- Concern/compassion/mercy
- Respect
- a) Accusations made against Jesus during his trial (Luke 22:66-23:1-23)
- Jesus called himself the Christ/Messiah.
- He claimed to be the son of God.
- He was inciting people with his teaching.
- He was opposing the payment of taxes to Caesar.
- He had made himself the King of the Jews against the Roman authority.
- Jesus had stirring up the people to revolt.
- He was equating himself to god/blasphemy. (4 x 1 = 4mks)
- b) Reasons why Jesus appeared to his disciples after his resurrection
- He wanted to strengthen their faith.
- So as to comfort them
3 Inorder to empower them to serve
- He wanted to reassure them that he was the messiah.
- So as to commission them to be his witness.
- He wanted to tell them about the coming of the Holy spirit/wait for the Holy Spirit.
- So as to bless them
- In order to confirm to them the Old Testament prophesies had been fulfilled.
- He wanted to confirm to them that he alive/had power over death.
- He wanted to represent to them the correct interpretation of the suffering messiah/scriptures.
- c) Reasons why Christians should be discouraged from taking part in mob justice.
- It does not give room to reason.
- It is impulse/based on emotions.
- It can lead destruction of poverty/life/it is violent physical injuries.
- It is unbiblical/it lacks love/against law of the Lord.
- It can be fueled by lies/malice/incitement
- The victim is denied a change of defending himself/herself
- It is a form of relation/revenge
- It does not give room for forgiveness/reconciliation/rehabilitation
- It can lead to bitterness/regret/psychological suffering. (6 x 1 = 6marks)
- a) The teachings of Peter concerning the people of God (1st Peter 2:9-10)
- The believers are chosen people/race/they have been selected.
- They are a royal priesthood/they are to save the greatest King/God.
- They are Holy nation/expected to lead holy/righteousness lives
- They belong to God/they form a family of God’s own possession.
- They are to declare wonderful deeds of God/that is to lead a life of worshipping God/testifying about God.
- They were called from darkness to light/their lives had been transformed and should not be dominated by evil.
- They were once not a people/they were outside the covenant way of life.
- They are led by the mercies of God/have received God’s grace. (5 x 2 = 10 marks)
- b) Ways through which Christian can promote unity.
- Christian should hold joint/interdenominational prayers.
- Christians take a joint stand against injustice/problems in the society.
- They should work together to promote educational programmes in the country.
- They should speak with one voice on matters of construction/political life of the nation.
- Christians should join together in the training of the clergy/pastors/from different denominations.
- They need to provide loans/funds/support to the poor irrespective of denomination affiliations.
- Christian churches/organization should employ Christian from different denominations.
- Christian communities should unite in provision of medical services.
- Christian need to respect one another’s doctrinal positions. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
- c) Ways in which kindness as a fruit of Holy Spirit is abused in Kenya today.
- By church leaders starting many projects in the church, expecting the congregation to provide the finance.
- Some Christian fail to work because they expect assistance from others.
- Some Christian over-depends on other problem’s assistance/effort,
- Some members of the church failing to return/refund borrowed money and expect the members of the church to understand.
- When church leaders demand for payment for all services they render.
- When church leaders ask their congregations to cater for their personal needs like further studies/buying of vehicles/etc (4 x 1 = 4mks)
- a) Similarities between the Christian and Traditional African on marriage.
- In both, marriage is ordained/blessed by God/gift from God.
- In both marriage is for procreation
- In both, marriage is for companionship.
- In both marriage should be permanent.
- In both, the husband and wife should respect/love each other.
- In both, marriage gives a new status to those who enter/qualifies them for leadership, roles.
- Faithfulness in marriage is encouraged.
- In both, re-marriage is encouraged after the death of a spouse.
- In both, the husband and wife should give conjugal to each other.
- In both the husband is the head of the family. (4 x 2 = 8mk)
- b) Reasons why young people are choosing to remain unmarried in Kenya today.
- They have seen/experienced incidents of broken marriages/unfaithfulness in marriage.
- In order to pursue their career/education.
- They are not ready to take responsibilities of marriage
- Poverty/lack of jobs/inadequate resources to start a family/economic empowerment.
- Permissiveness allows many to satisfy their sexual lust without marriage commitment.
- Failure to get an expected idea partner.
- Marriage is no longer a communal duty/it is an individual decision.
- Religious commitment/supersition hinder one from involving themselves in marriage.
- Low self esteem/lack of confidence, fear of being jilted/failed relationship. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
- c) Ways in which the church is helping to solve domestic violence in Kenya today.
- Offering guidance and counselling to couples who are affected.
- Holding seminars/conferences for marriage couples.
- Developing mass media programmes on family relationship.
- Praying for families
- Teaching on the need for love/respect/tolerance in marriage.
- Members in their homes to encourage them.
- Giving material assistance/employment to the needy in order to reduce tension.
- Condemn all forms of violence.
- Settling disputes among couples/children. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
- a) Christian view on plastic surgery
- Christian approve plastic surgery when used to restore/improve deformities/treatment.
- It is not recommended for beauty/cosmetic reasons since that goes against Lord’s design.
- Plastic surgery is like self-glorification thus it is discouraged.
- God is more interested in one’s soul than a beautiful body.
- Plastic surgery takes the place of God who is the creator/challenges God the creator.
- The intention of plastic surgery in most cases is to created celebrities who become objects of worship.
- Risks involved when performing surgery can lead to deformity/death.
- It shows lack of appreciation of oneself. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
- b) Ways through which science and technology has negatively affected the environment created by God.
- Use of chemicals has led to the pollution of water/soils
- Emission of smoke from industries/nuclei factories leads to pollution of air.
- Felling trees has led to desertification/drying up of rivers.
- Manufacturing of plastic materials has led to environmental degradation.
- Science and Technology has led to the over utilization of natural resources like fish/wildlife.
- quarrying/mining had led to environmental degradation. (4 x 1 – 4mks)
- c) Ways in which the youth in the Church can carry out environmental restoration in Kenya today.
- The youth should sensitize people on the importance of protecting the environment/theatre performance in environment.
- They should teach/on methods of environmental conservation gabions terracing contour ploughing etc.
- They need to form church organizations/clubs/societies aimed at environment conservations.
- The youth should raise funds to support environmental exploitation/degradation.
- They should raise funds to support environmental conservation programmes.
- They take part in the environmental days for planting of trees/cleaning occasions.
- They should lobby the government to enact laws that are aimed at protecting the environment.
- They should act responsible/be role models on issues regarding the environment. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
CRE
2011
PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEMES
1.
- The benefits of learning Christian Religious education in secondary school
- It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth
- The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life
- It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
- It helps ones to aquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
- It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people
- It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life
- It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth
- It leads to employment / carrer
(b) The major division of the old and new testament
(i) law books.
(ii) Historical books.
(iii) Prophetic books.
(iv) poetic books
(v) the Gospels/ Biographical books
- vi) Epistles / letters
(c)Ways in whichtheBible, is misusedin Kenya today.
(i) It is used to takeoaths in courts/ officesby people who may not be believers/
not saying thetruth.
(ii)It is kept in places associated withevil.
(iii) There is distortion of the Biblicalteachings / specific verses are picked to fulfil
individual demand misinterpretation
(iv)Some people use Biblelikean ordinary..text book I reference .
(v)It is beingused in witchcraft / cults to mislead people
(vi) some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade
(vii) some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible
(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display
- Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses
7×1-7 marks
2(a)How God prepared theIsraelitesfor themaking of thecovenant atMt.Sinai
(i)God toldMoses to remind thepeople of”Israelof how he had brought them out of Egypt
(ii) God toldMoses thatHe wanted to make aspecial relationship with Israel/ make
them a kingdom of priests
(iii) Moses calledalltheelders/ people andtoldthemwhatGod hadsaid.
(iv) God toldMoses thathe wanted theIsraelitesto obey him.
(v) The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord hadsaid.
(vi) God promised to come down and meet withthe people on thethird day.
(vii) The people were ins tructedto consecratedthemselves/washtheir garments
(viii) The people were to abstain from sexual relationships
- On the third day , there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet blast /an earthquake.
- Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God /they took their stand at the foot of the mountain
- The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up to him
(b) Reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant while at mt .Sinai
(i) Moses their leader delayed to come down from the mountain .
(ii) Aaron who had been left in charge of the people was a weak leader
(iii) The people damaded for a god / gods they could see/ feel
(iv) The people were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship /idolatry
(v)Moses teaching / influence had faded / vanished from peoples minds
(vi) The people had lost faith in their invisible God
(c) Lessons learned by Christians about the nature of God from the Exodus
(i) God is caring
(ii) He communicates
(iii) He provides
(iv) He is powerful
(v) He guides
(vi) He protects
(vii) He commands
(viii) He is to be obeyed
(ix) He punishes those who disobey him
- He is holy
- He is faithful
- He is patient
- He is merciful
- He is jealous 8 x = 8 marks
- (a) The failures of king Saul
(i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it
(ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.
(iii) He disobeyed God’s command to destroy Amarekites completely by sparing the life of king Agag.
(iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them
(v) He lost faith in God
(vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jeoulus of David
(vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God
(viii) He committed suicide 5 x 1 = 5 marks
(b) The achievement of David as king of Israel
(i) David conquered and defeated the enemies of Israel .
(ii) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel
(iii)He captured Jerusarem from the jebusites
(iv) He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel .
(v) He made Jerusarem a religious center by bringing the ark of the covenant there.
(vi) He made peace treties with his neighbours
(vii) He composed psalms which are used during worship
(viii) He united the twelve tribes of Israel under one ruler.
(ix) He made preparations for the construction of the temple
(c) Reasons why Christians build churches
( i) Churches are used for worshiping God.
(ii) They signify God’s presence / house of God .
(iii) They are used for meetings / a place of gathering members .
(iv) Religious function take place there.
(v) They are places where members receive religious instructions/preaching .
(vi) As a sign of prestige / recognition / indentification .
(vii) To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God
(viii) To follow the tradition of the old testament teachings on the temple as a house of God
(ix) It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger /calamity
(x) As a sign of growth
4 (a) Characteristics of the true prophets in the Old Testament
- They were God’s mouth piece /spokes people / mediators
- They respoded to God’s call in faith / they obeyed
- They were called by God
- They were given specific tasks to carry out
- They communicated God’s messages with authority / without fear
- They spoke the truth in all circumstances .
- Their prophesies came true / were fulfilled.
- They never work for material gain / were not paid for their work
- They called people to come back to the covenant way of life
- They pronounshed God’s purnishment/ judjement
- They were persecuted for their work
- They led exemplary lives / role modes any 7 x 1 =7 marks
(b) The call of Amos to become a prophet in Israel
(i) Amos was a farmer fending sycamore trees / shepherd
(ii) He came from a village called Tekoa in Judah
(iii) He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah and Jeroboam 11
(iv) God called him through a vision
(v) He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy
(vi) He responded to God’s call in faith / obedience
(c) The five visions of prophet Amos
(i) He saw a swarm of locusts.
(ii) He saw a great fire sent by God
(iii) He saw a crocked wall being measured using a plumb line .
(iv) He saw a basket full of ripe fruits / summer fruits
(v) He saw the destruction of the alter / temple
- (a) The stages followed during the renewal of the covenant at the time of Nehemia
(i) The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem
(ii) The priest Ezra read the law to the people .
(iii) They performed repentance gesture of raising / lowering their hands
(iv) The people constructed makeshift tents /shelters to celebrate the feast of the booths
(v) There was a national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes
(vi) Ezra led people in prayer of confession
(vii) They scaled the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of Nehemiah and
the priest.
(viii) The people promised not to go against the mosaic law.
(ix) The re- distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side. 4 x 2 = 8marks
(b) Reason why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah
(i) To preserve the identity of the Jews as people of God
(ii) To separate the Jews from foreign influence.
(iii) To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner .
(iv) To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests of the temple
(v) To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the up keep of the temple.
(vi) To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities.
(vii)In order to cleanse the Jews who had intermarried with foreigners / exposed to idotry
(c) Lessons from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemia
(i) Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.
(ii) They should lead righteous lives.
(iii) Christian should always pray to God
(iv) Christian should demonstrate humility
(v) They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God
(vi) They should teach others the word of god
(vii) They should set aside aday for worship
(viii) They should respect the church as a place for prayer 6 x 1 = 6 marks
- (a) The traditional African view of a community
(i) The members of the community include the unborn/ the living / living dead / the ancestors
(ii) The members speak common language
(iii) They are related either by blood / marriage / adoption
(iv) The community members occupy the same geographical area region
(v) They carry out similar economic activities.
(vi) The community is made up of smaller units / clans
(vii) Each community has its own disnct rules / taboos /beliefs /customs /cultural /practices
(viii) Members of a community are expected to show concern for the well being of others
(x) The members are expected to participate in the life of the community
Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
(b) The factors that have affected the traditional African people’s dependence on God
(i) The introduction of western culture
(ii) some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems
(iii) Greed for power / materialism without the fear of God.
(iv) some people rely on science and technology
(v) Money economy where success depends on how much money ones earns .
(vi) Abject poverty has made people loose hope / faith in God
(vii) Negative peer pressure influences the members to rely on themselves other than God .
(viii) pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God.
(ix) modern education
(c) Similarities between Christian and traditional African ways of showing respect to God
(i) In both members pray to God
(ii) In both they give offering
(iii) In both members sing songs
(iv) In both members show respect to God by helping those in need
(v) In both they use God ‘s name sparingly /avoid mentioning God’s name carelessly
(vi) In both members use the God given resources / environment carefully
(vii) In both they build / maintain / honour places of worship
(viii) In both members take care of religious leaders
(ix) In both members obey the law / commands of God
CRE 2011
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEMES
- (a) What took place when Mary visited Elizabeth.
(i) She entered Zechariah’s home,
(ii) She greeted Elizabeth.
(iii) When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings the baby in her womb leaped.
(iv) Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
(v) Elizabeth exclaimed with a loud cry.
(vi) She blessed Mary and child in the womb.
(vii) Elizabeth wondered why Mary the mother of her Lord has visited her
(viii) ‘Elizabeth informed Mary that the baby in her womb had leaped for joy in her greetings.
( ix) Mary responded by praising God
(x) Mary stayed with Elizabeth for three months.
(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth
(i) Christians should be righteous / upright / blameless
(ii) They should obey God’s commandments
(iii) They should persevere / be patient
(iv) They should serve God faithfully /commitment.
(v) They should be prayerful.
(vi) They should depend on God / ask God for their needs
(vii) They should believe God’s word .
(viii) They should thank God for blessings
(ix) They praise / worship the lord
(x) They should desire to be led by the Holy Spirit
(xi) Christian should rejoice at the blessings of others.
6 x1 = 6 marks
(c) Ways through which Christians in Kenya express their joy for the birth of Jesus
(i) They sing / listen to Christian songs /carols
(ii) They attend Christmas worship/service/ mass
(iii) They partake of the Holy communion/ Eucharist
(iv) They exchange gifts / cards / messages of goodwill
(v) They visit friends/ relatives.
(vi) They decorate their homes/churches
(vii) They buy/ wear new clothes
(viii) They prepare special dishes /drinks
(ix) They rest from normal duties
(x) They hold Christmas concerts/ drama
(xi) They watch movies /films on the birth of Jesus
(xii) They read Christmas stories /the bible
- They help the needy /acts of charity
- They repent /rededicate themselves to God.
2.(a) The teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain on how human beings should relate
to one another.
(i) Human beings should love one another / their enemies.
(ii) They should practice sharing / help others
(iii) They should be merciful| to each other.
(iv) They not judge / condemn others.
(v) They forgive one another / not to revenge.
(vi) Pray for those who wrong them
(vii) They should not discriminate against one another.
(b) A description of the incident in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman
(i) Jesus had been invited by a Pharisee for dinner.
(ii) While he was at the table a sinful woman came with an alabaster flask of ointment.
iii) She stood at Jesus’ feet weeping and wet his feet with her tears.
(iv) She used her hair to wipe the feet of Jesus,
(v) She kissed the feet of Jesus
(vi) She then anointed the feet of Jesus with the ointment.
(vii) The Pharisee who had invited Jesus questioned in his heart whether Jesus was a prophet
(viii) Jesus knew the thoughts of Simon and told him the parable of the creditor and the two debtors .
(ix) Jesus asked Simon who of the two debtors would love the creditor more
(x) Simon said the debtor with more debt would lovethe creditor more
(xi) He told simon that the woman had shown much love because her many sins had been forgiven .
(xii) Jesus then told the woman that her sins had been forgiven
(xiii) The other guests began to question who Jesus was to have the power to forgive sins
- Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her.
- He told her to go in peace
(c) Reasons why Christians should ask for forgiveness from God.
(i) To be at peace with God
(ii) To show obedience to the teachings of Jesus
(iii To improve their relationship with others
(iv) It gives them confidence to serve God
(v) To acknowledge their weakness / a sign of humility
(vi) It shows their desire to lead a righteous life
(vii) It is a sign of appreciation of God’s mercy
(viii) It is a way of self reproach
(ix) It is a demonstration of their faith in God
(x) so as to be forgiven by God.
3.(a) The instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy two disciples when he sent them on a mission.
(i) The disciples were to pray for more labourers to be sent for the harvest,
(ii) The disciples were not to carry any pulse / bag / sandals.
(iii) They were not to salute anyone on the road.
(iv) They were to say peace any house they entered.
(v) They were to remain in the same house / NOT to go from house to house.
(vi)They were to eat / drink whatever was provided.
(vii) They were to heal the sick
( viii) They were, to tell the people that the kingdom of God has corne near
(ix) They were to wipe off the dust on their feet against the people if not received.
4×2=8marks
(b) The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector.
(i) Two men went into the Temple to pray, a Pharisee and a tax collector.
(ii) The pharisee praised himself in prayer.
(iii) He said he was holy / better than others / tax collector.
(iv) The tax collector also prayed but could not lift his eyes to heaven.
(v) The tax collector beat his breast saying he is a sinner / asked for God’s mercy.
(vi) It was the prayer of the tax collector that was accepted / the tax collector was justified
(vii) Jesus concluded by saying that whoever exalts himself will be humbled / whoever humbles himself will be exalted.
(c) Reason s why Christian pray
(i) To show their dependence in God / faith in God
(ii) To express the power /greatness of God /adore / honour God
(iii) They pray to ask for their needs / seek guidance.
(iv) Through prayer, they confess their sins / ask for forgiveness.
(v) To thank God for his faithfulness / goodness / blessings.
(vi) Prayer helps to relieve fears / anxiety / worries.
(vii) It is an instrument through which the work of satan is destroyed.
(viii) To communicate with God / have fellowship with God.
(ix) To follow the example of Jesus.
(x) It is a command from God / a sign of obedience.
4 (a) How Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost.
(i) Peter was filled with the Holy spirit.
(ii) He started speaking in tongues.
(iii) He became courageous / defended the disciples that they were not drunk.
(iv) He was able to remember Old Testament prophecies / teachings.
- v) He began witnessing the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.
- vi) He called people to repentance.
(vii) He was empowered to perform miracles.
(b) Saint Paul’s teaching on how the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used in the church.
( i) The gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used for the common good of all
(ii) They should be used to strengthen / encourage &comfort members
(iii) They should be used to bring unity not to discriminate /divide members
(iv) There is need to respect / appreciate all the gifts
(v) They should be used in an orderly way / no confusion
(vi) The gifts should be used in love.
(vii) The gift of speaking in tongues should be minimised in public
(viii) There is need to have interpretation of tongues for them to be meaningful /helpful.
(ix) Prophecies should be carefully evaluated / weighted.
(c) Reasons why some Christians find it difficult to help the sick.
(i) Some Christians lack the gift of healing.
(ii) They are afraid of being infected.
(iii) Because of religious / denominational f’ barriers .
- iv) They lack knowledge / skill of handling the sick.
(v} They have no time for the sick.
(vi) Lack of faith in healing / miracles.
(vii) Because of poverty / may not have enough resources to share.
(viii) Lack of love for the needy / sick.
(ix) It is difficult for some Christians to determine those who are genuinely sick
(x) Due to social differences / status / educational background.
(xi) ‘Due to nepotism /ethnic affiliations.
5.(a) Reasons why manual work is important in Kenya today.
(i) Through manual work human being emulate God as a worker.
(ii) It is a sign of being obedient to God’s instructions to work.
(iii) It enables human beings to look after / preserve the environment / be co-creators
with God.
(iv) It keeps the body physically fit.
(v) Human beings are able to obtain their basic needs / earn their living through manual work
(vi) It is a way of serving others / community
(vii) It enables human beings to develop their talents / abilities.
(viii) Manual work gives satisfaction / fulfillment
(ix) It keeps one busy / active
(b) Activities that the youth should engage in during their leisure time
(i) Taking part in church choir / singing.
(ii) Helping the sick / needy.
(iii) Taking part in retreats / seminars / camps
(iv)Reading Christian literature.
(v) Playing games.
(vi) Planting flowers / trees / cleaning the compound.
(vii) Watching TV / listening to Christian music / messages.
(viii) Taking part in Bible study.
(ix) Visiting their friends/relatives
(c) Consequences of denying employees rest
- It may lead to poor working relations.
- The organization may realize low output.
(iii) The workers may resort to a strike action / go slow,
- Some of the employees may lose their job through sacking/resignation,
(v) It can lead to poor health / death.
- It may lead to break| up of families.
- It can lead to labour conflicts between the employer/ employee,
- Mistrust may arise leading to close supervision,
- Employees may develop negative attitudes towards work.
- Accidents are likely to occur.
- Vandalism
6 (a) Ways in which Christians can contribute towards maintenance of law and order in society.
(i) By obeying the law of the land / leading exemplary lives,
(ii) By respecting the lawful authority.
(iii) Through rehabilitating criminals.
(iv) By condemning acts which violate human rights/unjust laws.
(v) Through educating the masses on their rights and responsibilities.
(vi) By sharing what they have with the needy,
(vii) By praying for peace / the national leaders / citizens,
(viii) By preaching on the importance of law and order/peace,
(ix) Forgiving others freely.
(x) Reporting criminals to the relevant authorities,
(xi) Through-reconciling the waring-parties.
(xii) Through guidance and counseling services.
(b) Methods of disciplinary errant members in traditional African communities.
(i) Paying fines.
(ii) Denying children food for sometime.
(iii) Reprimanding wrong doers.
(iv) Giving unpleasant names to reflect the wrong that the person has done
(v) Denying culprits access to social occasions / being detained / isolation.
(vi) Summoning an indiscipline member before the council of elders.
(vii) Excommunicating wrong doers from the community.
(viij) ‘Through caning and beating.
(ix) Disowning by parents / relative / friends.
(x) Being cursed by elders,
(xi) Refusing to name children after them.
(c) Obstacles to effective maintenance of law and order in Kenya today.
(i) There is an increase in the rate of crime / the law enforcement officers can not
cope with the work load.
(ii) Due to unequal distribution of resources,
(iii) Permissiveness in the society.
(iv) Due to political instability / incitement by politicians,
(v) Extreme poverty.
(yi) Social discrimination.
vii) Some cultural beliefs / practices hinder effective maintenance of law/
(viii) High rate of unemployment.
(ix) Bribery / corruption.
- x) Greed for material wealth
(xi) Inadequate modern equipment to combat crime,
(xii) Delay in the delivery of justice to the offended.
(xiii) The citizens lack knowledge on the procedures for the effective maintenance of law and order.
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEMEME-2012
- (a) The literary forms used in the writing of the Bible
(i) Poetry
(ii) Wise sayings
(iii) Prose/narratives
(iv) Letters/Epistles
(v) Legal/Law expressions
(vi) Songs
(vii) Prophetic/ speeches
(viii) Gospels
(ix) Philosophical essays
(x) Prayers eg Nehemiah
- xi) Sermons (6×1=6 marks)
(b) Reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by early Christians.
(i) The eye witnesses of Jesus Christ were being killed.
- ii) In order to prevent information from getting lost/distorted
iii) Due to the expansion of the church/increased number of believers/who needed material to refer to.
iiv) To counteract false teachings/ teachers who were confusing the believers.
(v) To ensure that same doctrines/beliefs, were being taught to all Christians
- vi) To reach out to the Jews in Diaspora/ gentiles
vii) To preserve an orderly account of biblical themes/ distortion
(4×2= 8 marks).
(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible in Kenya today.
(i) Christians read the Bible for spiritual growth/ meditation/ Bible study
(ii) They use it for instructing converts.
(iii) It is used as a text book when teaching Christian Religious Education in schools/colleges.
(iv) It is used as resource material in search of general knowledge.
(v) It is used to compose Christian hymns/ songs/ dramas/ plays/ films.
(vi) It is used in taking oaths/vows/swearing.
(vii) It is used as a prayer book
(viii) It is used for preaching evangelism
(ix) It is used to explain Christian ethics/ rituals/ doctrines.
- x) It is used to produce Christian literatures of Christian magazines
(6 x 1 = 6 marks)
- a) The covenant ceremony between God and Abraham.
(i) Abraham was in doubt for the promise of a son.
(ii) God assured him that his own son would inherit him and not Eliezer of Damascus.
(iii) God showed Abraham the many stars and confirmed that his decedents would be as the stars.
(iv) God asked Abraham to bring him a heifer, a goat, a ram, each three years old, a dove and a young pigeon.
(v) Abraham cut the animals into and arranged the halves in two rows.
(vi) The birds were not cut.
(vii) He drove away the birds of prey that targeted the carcasses.
(viii) At sunset Abraham fell into a deep sleep.
(ix) God spoke to him giving the promise that his descendants would be slaves for four
hundred years but He would set to liberate them.
(x) Abraham was promised a long peaceful life. Good old age.
(xi) Abraham saw God pass through the carcasses in form of a smoking fire pot and a flarming torch.
xii) Reaffirmed to give them land.
(7x1=7marks)
- b) Differences between Jewish and the traditional African circumcision practices.
(i) In the Jewish community, it is for boys only while in some traditional African
communities it is for both boys and girls.
(ii) In the Jewish community, it is done on eighth day while in traditional African communities it is done during adolescent stage.
(iii) Its purpose in the Jewish community is to identify with God’s people while in traditional African communities it is to promote one to adult life.
(iv) Among the Jews, the practice was commanded by God while in traditional African communities it was done in obedience to the ancestors.
(v) The rite is not seasonal among the Jews as is the case in traditional African communities.
(v) In traditional African communities it is a gate way to more responsibilities while among the Jews one is too young for any responsibility.
(4×2= 8 marks)
- c) Reasons why church leaders in Kenya take vows before starting their mission.
(i) To receive God’s blessing/guidance.
(ii) To get acknowledgement from the people being served.
(iii) It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/mission.
(iv) To get the authority of God to lead.
(v) It gives the leader courage to do his/her work.
(vi) It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve.
(vii) To emulate the Biblical way of commissioning servants of God.
(5×1=5marks)
- (a) Ways used by King David to promote the workup of God in Israel.
(i) He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.
(ii) He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came for important religious occasion.
(iii) He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.
(iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.
(v) He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its construction.
(vi) When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.
(vii) He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do
viii) He entered into a covenant with God.
- ix) He build alters / offered sacrifices
(6×1=6marks)
(b) Life skills used by Prophet Elijah to fight against false religion.
(i) Asseniyeness – he told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.
(ii) Creative thinking – He requested for a contest between the prophets of Baal and himself.
(iii) Decision making -He killed the prophets/prophetess of baal.
(iv) Self esteem – He was convinced that God was on his side.
(v) Negotiation – Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and Baal.
(vi) Conflict resolution – Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that Yahweh was the true God.
(vii) Effective communication – He explained to the people how the contest was to be carried out.
(viii) Self awareness – He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ he had confidence in himself.
(4×2 = 8marks)
(c) Problems faced by church leaders in carrying out their work.
(i) They receive threats from the opponents.
(ii) They lack material/ financial assistance.
(iii) There is lack of cooperation from the church members.
(iv) There is rivalry among the leaders/themselves.
(v) They may not be good role models/hypocrisy.
(vi) They may suffer from long separation from their families.
(vii) There is misinterpretation of the Biblical theology from different sources/ Science & technology.
(viii) Greed for things/property.
(ix) They may be posted to a hostile working environment.
(x) There is political interference in their work.
(xi) They may lack adequate skills for carrying out their work.
xii) Permissiveness/ corruption/ mass media
xiii) Rejection
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Reasons why Amos was against the worship of God in Israel
(i) The Israelites had neglected God/worshipped idols.
- ii) They practised insincere worship/had no inner faith.
iii) The worshippers were not righteous/they mistreated fellow Israelites which was against God’s teaching.
- iv) They worshipped God as well as Baal/practiced syncretism.
- v) They were impatient during the worship ceremony/wanted to go back to their businesses.
- vi) They gave sacrifices/ offerings as a show off/ pride/ not for love of God
vii) They had many ceremonial festivals/ feasts
(viii) They showed disrespect to the name of God through sexual immorality.
(ix) They defiled the place of worship. eg drinking & wine
- x) Building high places for the gods & worshipped other gods.
(4×2=8 marks)
- b) Ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to Prophet Amos.
- i) Israel would be surrounded by an enemy nation.
- ii) The Israelites would be taken to exile
iii) Amaziah, the Priest/King would die by the sword.
- iv) The Holy place of worship would be destroyed.
v)The land would be occupied by a foreign nation/ cities would be destroyed.
vi)There would be hunger/thirst for the word of God.
(vii) God would cover the land with total darkness/ eclipse.
(viii) There would be earthquakes.
(c) How the church punishes errant members.
(i) The church suspends them
(ii) It denies them participation in the church activities/rituals.
(iii) They may be denied leadership positions/demoted. withdrawal of privilages
(iv) They may be publicly condemned/asked to repent/apologise.
(v) They may be warned.
(vi) Some may be transferred to difficult areas.
(vii) They may be sacked from the job
(viii) They may be excommunicated.
- ix) Payment of fines
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Qualities of God from the call of prophet Jeremiah.
(i) God is the creator
(ii) God knows every person by name/all knowing.
(iii) God is a planner/chooses/appoints.
(iv) God is holy.
(v) God hates/punishes evil.
(vi) God is just/judges
(vii) He is caring/concerned.
(viii) God is merciful/forgiving.
(ix) God is universal.
(x) God is a protector/deliverer
(xi) He is powerful/almighty/omnipotent.
(xii) He is beyond human understanding/transcedent.
(xiii) He is everywhere/omnipresent.
(8×1=8 marks)
(b) The characteristics of the new covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.
(i) The laws would be written in the hearts of men and women.
(ii) Every individuaLwould know God individually.
(iii) It would be an everlasting covenant/ would not be broken again.
(iv) There would be suffering for ones sins.
(v) God would forgive their sins/remember them no more.
(vi) It would be established after God punishes Israel/wiih the remnant.
Vii) It would establish a new Israel/ a new people of God.
(viii) It would be initiated by God.
(6×1 = 6 marks)
(c) Ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters.
(i) By donating food clothing for them.
(ii) By providing shelter for them.
(iii) By resettling them in safe areas.
(iv) Offering guidance and counselling.
(v) Through healthcare.
(vi) By re-uniting them with their families.
(vii) By providing financial assistance
(viii) By taking preventive measures against future disaster. (6×1 = 6 marks)
(ix) Through visiting them.
- x) Praying for/ with them.
- xi) Preaching to them
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate with God.
(i) They make sacrifices to God.
ii)They sing/dance for God.
iii) They say prayers to God.
- iv) Through charting/recitation/ involving God’s name
- v) They give offerings/food stuffs
- vi) Through burning incense
(5 x 5 = 5 marks)
(b) Reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African communities.
- i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community.
- ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialise/ unity
iii) It diverts the initiates minds from the impending pain.
- iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
- vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies
vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/ rebuke cowardice.
(viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/ skills/talents.
(ix)They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies/ happiness/ rejoice
(x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiative/ drive away evil spirits/ blessing for the initiates
- xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment/ enjoyment/happiness
(8×1=8 marks)
(c) Reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community.
- i) Witchcraft leads to death/destruction.
- ii) It is the work of the evil spirits.
iii) It leads to poverty/ loss of property
- iv) It involves cheating/telling lies
- v) In some cases people are forced to leave their homes/ migrate to other places.
- vi) It can lead to break up of families/ conflicts/ quarrel/division.
vii) A person can be banished/made an outcast./ excommunication
viii) Witchcraft causes suspension/hatred/mistrust amongst the people.
- ix) It leads to underdevelopment.
- x) It can cause physical/psychological. Injury.
- xi) It can cause embarrassment to an individual/family
(7×1=7 marks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEMEME-2012
- a) Micahs prophecies about Messiah.
- i) The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem
- ii) He will rule over Israel
iii) His origin is from the old/ancient days.
- iv) He will be born of a woman.
- v) He will feed his flock.
- vi) He will rule in the majesty/power of God.
vii) In his time, Israel will be secure.
viii) He shall be great to the ends of the earth
- ix) Israel will have victory over her enemy/ there will be peace in Israel.
(7×1=7marks)
- b) The message of Angel Gabriel about John the Baptist;
- i) John the baptist was to be a son
- ii) His name was to be John
iii) He would bring joy/ gladness to his parents/ many will rejoice at his birth.
- iv) He will be great before God.
- v) He was to drink no wine/strong drink
- vi) He was to be filled with the Holy spirit from his mother’s womb
vii) He would turn many of the sons of Israel to the Lord their God
viii) He was to go before the Lord in the spirit/power of Elijah.
- ix) He will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children/ the disobedient to the wisdom of the
- x) He was to make ready for the Lord a people prepared.
(7×1=7marks)
- c) Lessons Christians learn from Jesus when was dedicated.
- i) Christians should be righteous before God in order to experience Him in their lives.
- ii) Christians should thank God for blessing them.
iii) They should trust/have faith in God.
- iv) Christians should reach out to all people/preach salvation to them.
- v) Christians should show compassion to the needy in society.
- vi) Christians should be devoted in their worship of God regardless of the challenges they
vii) Christians should dedicate their children to God/fulfil the church obligations.
(3×2 = 6marks)
- a) The incident when Jesus was baptised in river Jordan by John the Baptist.
- i) John the Baptist baptised all the people
- ii) Jesus was also baptised
iii) Jesus was praying
- iv) The heavens opened.
- v) The Holy spirit descended upon Jesus.
- vi) A voice came from heaven.
vii) Jesus was described as the beloved son of God with whom He was pleased.
- b) Reasons why Christians undergo baptism today.
- i) Baptism enables them to become children of God.
- ii) It enables one to become a member of a Christian community/Christian denomination.
iii) It enables them to receive the power of the Holy Spirit.
- iv) It enables them to identify themselves with Christ/ all that he stands for.
- v) It symbolises that one has died and resurrected with Christ, leaving the old sinful nature/ acquisition of a new life in Jesus
- vi) Through baptism, one receives complete forgiveness of sins.
vii) It prepares Christians for the kingdom of God.
viii) It unites Christains as members of the body of Christ which is the Church.
- ix) It symbolises obedience to Jesus’ teaching.
- x) It acts as an outward sign of their inner faith as it is done publicly.
- xi) It is a sign of a new covenant with God.
- c) Importance of the transfiguration of Jesus to Christian today;
- i) It took place when Jesus and three of his disciples were praying. Christians should therefore take time off their duties to pray.
- ii) Jesus and his disciples had retreated to a private place/ mountain to pray Christians therefore should have retreats/ go to a private place for prayer.
iii) Resurrection is a reality since Moses who died appeared in the transfiguration. Christians therefore should have hope for life after death.
iv)Moses and Elijah appeared to encourage Jesus about the suffering he was about to face. Christians therefore learn that they should accept/endure suffering as a way to salvation.
- v) Jesus came to do the will of his Father/fulfill the law/prophecies. Christians are assured of salvation/should believe in the word of God.
- vi) The disciples heard the voice of God which commanded them to listen to Jesus. Christians learn that God speaks to them/they should listen to Gods voice/Jesus the word of God.
vii) The cloud symbolized God’s presence with Jesus. Christians therefore learn that God is always with them/ they should call upon Him for help/desire to be in the presence of God.
(4×2 = 8marks)
- a) The healing of the ten lepers.
- i) Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem
- ii) He met ten lepers/men who were suffering from leprosy.
iii) The men stood at a distance/shouted at Jesus to have mercy on them.
- iv) Jesus told them to go and show themselves to the priests.
- v) As they went, they were healed/cleansed.
- vi) One of them, a Samaritan came one’s praising God/thanked Jesus
vii) Jesus asked where the other nine were.
viii) Jesus wondered at the fact that only a foreigner returned to give praise to God.
- ix) Jesus asked him to rise/go his way for his faith had made him well.
(7×1=7marks)
- b) Jesus teaching on the power of faith;
- i) Faith gives believers strength to overcome temptations/sin.
- ii) It enables them to forgive each other constantly
iii) It makes even the weakest strong.
- iv) Enables believers to perform their duties without expecting material rewards.
- v) Faith enables believers to work tirelessly because there is a lot of work to be done.
- vi) Faith leads to physical healing.
vii) Faith enables believers to show gratitude to God for his blessings/benefits they have received from Him.
viii) It enables them to experience the kingdom to God in their hearts.
- ix) It enables believers to enter the kingdom of God/receive eternal life.
(4×2=8marks)
- c) Lessons Christian learn from the parable of the ten pounds.
- i) Christians should use the abilities that God has given them for the benefit of others.
- ii) Christians will be rewarded according to their performances.
iii) Christians have been given different gifts/abilities by God.
- iv) Christians will give an account of how they used their abilities.
- v) Christians need to be obedient/honest.
- vi) God expects Christians to use opportunities provided for His glory.
vii) Christians will lose their abilities if not put to use/punished.
(5×1=5marks)
- a) How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ.
- i) St. Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ
- ii) Christ is the head of the church
iii) The believers form parts of the body.
- iv) The body has different organs. In the same way the Church has different members
- v) They all need to work together for the well being of the church.
- vi) Every part of body is needed to make it whole all parts are interdependence/ one part cannot be without the other.
vii) The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the Holy Spirit to carry out God’s work.
viii) Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.
- b) Reasons why the use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the Church at Corinth;
- i) There was competition in speaking in tongues
- ii) There was disorder/confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to outdo one another
iii) People did not use their gifts for the benefit of the Church/one another.
- iv) Some gifts such as prophecy/teaching were looked down upon/there was pride/boasting.
- v) There was no interpretation of tongues when the gift of speaking in tongues was in use, hence messages were not understood.
- vi) People did not show love for one another.
vii) Those with the gift of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have/some members thought they were too spiritual.
- c) Ways in which the Christians in Kenya demonstrate the New testament teaching on unity.
- i) Christians meet for prayers/fellowship together.
- ii) They observe a day of worship to honour God.
iii) They share the Holy communion/meals.
- iv) They help those who are poor/needy
- v) They solve problems affecting the Church members
- vi) They hold joint crusades/rallies
vii)They also cooperate by providing Christian programmes in the mass media/ resource materials.
viii) They speak in one voice to condemn evil in society
- a) Sources of Christian ethics.
- i) Human reason/experience
- ii) The bible
iii) Traditions from Christian community
- iv) Natural law.
- v) Situation ethics.
- b) Reasons why Christian condemn homosexuality;
- i) Homosexuality is a form of sexual immorality
- ii) It is against God’s/ Biblical teaching it is a sin
iii) It is an abuse to the sacredness of sex
- iv) It is contrary to the natural order of things.
- v) Homosexuality does not enable procreation to take place
- vi) It lowers the dignity of human beings who are created in the image of God
vii) It can lead to diseases like Hiv/AIDs leading to human suffering.
viii) It leads to rejection/being an outcast.
(7×1=7marks)
- c) How responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians in Kenya today.
- i) Christian parents provide physical /basic needs for the family
ii)They provides spiritual guidance to their children
iii) They teach their children to live in harmony with others/moral values
- iv) They provide their children with education in order to acquire necessary knowledge/skills to realize their full potential
- v) They act as role models for their children
- vi) They discipline/correct the children whenever they deviate from the norms
vii) They provide protection/security to their children which enables the children to deal with situations in life.
viii) They teach their children how to grow physically/socially/psychologicaly so as for them to understand changes in their bodies as they develop.
(4×2=8marks)
- a) The traditional African concept of wealth.
- i) Wealth is a blessing from God.
- ii) It is part and parcel of human existence
iii) It is measured in the amount of property/wives/children one has
- iv) It can be individually/communally owned.
- v) Wealth is acquired through hardworking/inheritance/gift
- vi) Wealth determines ones social status.
vii) Wealth should be used to help the needy in society
viii) There are rules governing how it is distributed.
- ix) Wealth is used to worship God/appease ancestors
- b) Reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today
- i) Unemployment cases which makes an individual desperate to secure an employment chance by engaging in corrupt activities.
- ii) Desire for instant services/ make some people become corrupt.
iii) Some people feel that they have not been adequently paid for work done hence engage in corrupt acts to compensate themselves
- iv) Fear of arrest/punishment make law breakers to engage in corrupt deals.
- v) Some people engage in corrupt deals in order to be served due to ignorance of their rights.
- vi) Lack of moral integrity by some people.
vii) Greed makes some people to engage in corruption
viii) Due to tribal/ethnic affiliations.
- ix) There is no efficient machinery to curb corrupt practice.
(x) The Judiciary is not able to deal with injustice cases take too long tobe determined.
(xi) Some government agents abusethe power bestowed upon them.
(xii) The belief of the common person that the government is a master and therefore has
to be corrupted before receiving services.
(8 x 1 = 8 marks)
- c) Ways the Church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya.
(i) The Church preaches/teaches/encourages hard work among the citizens which enables them to fight poverty.
(ii) The Church speaks against vices like oppression/exploitation of the poor by the rich in the society which are promoting poverty.
(iii) The Church takes care of the poor by providing them with material possession
(iv) The Church has established projects that offer employment to members of the society this enables them to take care of their needs.
(v) The Church gives out bursaries to the needy children enabling them undertake education and get employment.
(vi) The Church is offering subsidized medical services which enhances the economic output/ productivity of the people.
(vii)The Church is working together with the government to create a peaceful society which promotes economic/social development.
(viii) The Church prays for God’s intervention in the lives of the poor which gives them hope in life.
(ix) It offers guidance and counselling to the poverty stricken thus enabling them to open up to realities of life.
(6×1=6 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________
K.C.S.E C.R.E PAPER 11996
- Reasons why reading the bible is important to Christians
(i) It provides moral and spiritual guidance
(ii) Helps them discover the will of God/ God reveal himself through bible
(iii) Reading the bible is an aspect of Christians worship/ a way of worshipping
(iv) The bible is the basis of Christians doctrines and practices/ Helps in
understanding Christians doctrines/eschatological times.
- It gives guidance on the relationship among human beings/ and between human beings and God
- It is the word of God
- Christians come to discover who they are/ help a person discover his/ her worth dignity of the human person.
- It is a source of consolation to xtions/ gives hope to xtions/ personarace hope.
- Source of inspiration
- Source of knowledge/ enlightened/ improves their knowledge
- Helps in spiritual development and maturity/ enlightens them/ improve their faith
- Helps them understand the universe/ environment/ their relationship to it.
- Helps them understand the meaning of their lives and relationship to God/ and to one another.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teaching on the relationship between human being and the environment from Genesis stories of creation
- Both human beings and the environment were created by God/ common origin
- Human beings are superior to all other creatures
- Human beings should take care of the environment/ preserve and conserve it
- Human beings have authority over the rest of creation subdue the earth
- Human beings should enjoy God’s creation/ the rest of creation was made for the human beings/ use for glory of God
- All creation is very good human beings should treat the rest of creation with reverence respect.
- Human beings and the environment ( rest of creation) are independent/ over their existence to each other.
- Human beings and the rest of God’s creation have a common destiny.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God in the wilderness during the
Exodus
(i) They celebrated the three yearly feasts to honour and thank God- the Passover Pentecost and Tabernacle.
(ii) Three times a year all the menfolk presumed themselves before God
- They built an altar of earth for God
- On the alter they sacrificed the holocaust and communion sacrifices from their flocks and heads
- They hallowed the altar of God/ kept it holy
- Approached God’s altar with respect/ honour/ reverence
- They observed the ten commandment to guide them in their day to day living
- They assembled at the foot of Mount Sinai and God gave them the Ten commandments
- They made tabernacle (tent of meeting) which symbolized God’s presence among them.
- They gave offerings of various articles to God e.g. gold, bronze, silver and oil
- They burnt incense to the Lord
- They observed the Sabbath as a day of worship
- They prayed to God/ some praised / danced
- They held the covenant ceremony at mount Sinai
- They paid a tithe for upkeep of the tabernacle
- They consecrated the tent of meeting
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Challenges faced by Prophet Elijah (challenges faced by Elijah himself)
(i) There was widespread idolatry and apostasy among the Israelites / worshiping
false god
- There was corruption and injustice as people rejected the covenant way of life
- There was religious persecution and hostility ( Jezebel had put to death some of prophets of Yahweh) and those who escaped with their lives went into hiding
- The people had abandoned the worship of Yahweh and ignored to life and practicing syncretism the covenant way of life.
- He had to face opposition and even threats on his life from Jezebel and Arab
- There were false prophets of Baal and Asherah who were brought to Israel by Jezebel to promote false religion
- He had to face king Ahab and challenge him for misleading the people
- Convincing the people that he was a true prophet of Yahweh
- Had to prove to Israel that it is Yahweh who was the true god and not Baal by holding a contest at mountCannel in which he challenged the prophets of Baal
- He had to endure hardships in the wilderness
1 mark for properly analyzed answers ½ for narrated answers
- Jesus teaching on sin
(i) Jesus has power to forgive sins
(ii) God forgives people’s sins on condition that they also forgive others
- We should ask God to forgive our sin/ should repent
- We should ask God to protect us against sin.
- Nothing is covered that shall not be revealed sins will be exposed
- Sin comes from the heart
- Sin is not only the act but evil thoughts also
- We should forgive each other our sins
- Those who cause/ lead others to sin will be severely punished
- Forgiveness of sin should be limitless
- Sins that are forgiven on earth are also forgiven in heaven
- Sin leads to death ( Luke 13: 1-5) sin leads to punishment/ loss of God kingdom / separation from God
- All other sins are forgivable by God except the sin of blasphemy
- Sin should be condemned / rebuked
- Instructions given by Jesus to his disciples on how to pray
- Prayers must be honest/ sincere
- To humble themselves before God during prayer/ not to exalt oneself rather be humble.
- Prayer should be addressed to God who is the loving heavenly father
- To be persistent in prayer/ wait patiently for God to answer prayers/ Not to loose hope
- To have faith in God hence prayer
- Prayers should be short, clear and to the point
- Should show honour to God before making any request
- Prayer should be made in private/ silent places (Jesus always withdrew from the crowd to go and pray).
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Bible reading is important to Christians
- To help in search of spiritual knowledge
- It is read to increase Godly knowledge
- Help Christians learn virtues/ morals hence be role models to others
- Helps in giving instructions to Christians on how to live Godly lives/ it is instructional
- It is used as the main reference book by the pastors/ priests/ evangelists during preaching
- Used as a guide on how God expects us to live
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teachings on the use of wealth from the story of the Rich man and Lazarus
- Wealth should not be used to buy luxuries when others are suffering languishing in misery and poverty/ not for ones glory
- Wealth should be sued to alleviate the suffering of others/ to help the poor and the needy
- The rich should show concern for the suffering of others
- Wealth should be used to spread the good news/ Glorify God
- Use the earthly wealth to acquire a place in the kingdom of God
- Wealth should not be used to oppress humiliate the poor
- Wealth should not be used selfishly/ should be shared
- Ways in which the Roman Empire helped in the spread of the holy church
- The persecution of Christianity by Roman authorities forced Christian to disperse in different parts of the empire to escape persecution. As they went to spread the Good news and where they settled they started the Christian community. The blood of the martyr is the seed of the church.
- The roman authorities had provided good roads and other infrastructure which make communication easy. Thus Christians missionaries and preachers were able to travel with relative ease.
- The roman authorities maintained law and order therefore peace a factor which enabled Christian missionaries to travel safely within the empire
- There was unity in the Roman empire, under the ruler in Rome thus citizens of the empire could move from place to place without hindrance or visas. A factor which helped the Christians missionaries in their travels
- Greek was the common language ( Lingua- Franca) of the empire which enabled the Christians to communicate their message wherever they went
- The empire had adopted Greek education philosophy and cultures which provided a point of departure in preaching the gospel.
- The organization skills of the Roman administrators, provinces, city states and towns helped the Christians in founding churches
- There was some degree of religious freedom which had allowed Jewish synagogues to exist in cities from where the missionaries started preaching the
- The roman authorities gave roman citizenship to non- romans which allowed them the same privileges as the Roman themselves. Those Christians like Paul who had this citizenship could travel throughout the empire with guaranteed safety and
- Later part of roman empire, Christianity was encouraged by Emperor Eenstantine.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Activities of the church in Kenya which show the Holy Spirit is working
among Christians
- Praying e.g. individual, congregational
- Decision making in the church/ solving issues and problems in the church
- Faith healing/ healing the sick
- Speaking in tongues
- Singing in tongues
- Singing and dancing/ music
- Preaching/ teaching
- Giving of offertory and alms/ sadaka
- Condemning on the prophetic ministry of the church
- Hold fellowship meeting/ Bible study/ reading the bible
- Celebrating of sacraments e.g. Eucharist/ Lord’s supper
- Bringing new converts to the church
- Pastoral care and consulting
- Helping the poor and the needy
- Working together of the churches/ ecumenism/ co-operation
- Writing Christians literature e.g. books/ pamphlets/ magazines
- Confession of sins/ reconciliations
- Education/ giving instructions
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways of showing respect to the Government
(i) Obeying the laws and observing the constitution of the nation
(ii) Working towards the welfare/ development of the country
- Performing the duties expected of them/ entrusted to them faithfully
- Preaching against sin/ Evil e.g. injustice, exploitation, tribalism, sexism, oppression
- Exercising their civic rights e.g. right to vote, during elections
- Pray for the government and for leaders, the welfare of the nation
- Preaching peace/ love/ justice and reconciliation
- Being involved in charitable work to supplement government efforts e.g. helping the sick, poor, old, people with special needs
- Working towards the establishment of good social relationships
- Teaching the people to obey the laws of god/ teaching of Jesus to mould them into good citizens of the country
- Paying taxes to the state
- Christians serve in the government as civil servants
- Report law breakers/ evil doers to the authorities
- Observing/ celebrating national days
- Avoiding activities that undermine the government or lead to breakdown of Law and order e.g. illegal strikes, demonstrations
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Duties of Traditional African healers/ counselors( As a counselor)
- They carefully listened to people’s problems
- Created a report/ good relationship with the patients/ trust/ confidence
- Showed interest/ concern/ compassion to the people’s problems
- Asked carefully worded questions to elicit appropriate responses. (These could be questions on the patients life expenses, his/ her family about friends and enemies
- Analyzed the information given to identify the cause (s) of problems
- They gave their patient assurance that the problem be solved
- They offered remedies for the problems/ Situations to the problems/ giving medicine
- Made appointments for future consultation. Follow – ups
- Gave advice to the patients evil or harm e.g protective charms medicine.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which people in Traditional African Communities helped bereaved families
- They visited the bereaved/ stayed with them/ kept them company/ gave them moral support
- Consoled them though singing, dancing, praying, giving words of comfort
- Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
- Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking, cleaning, welcoming mourners running errands
- They attended the funeral to give the departed a good send- off
- Helped in preparing the body for burial
- Informed friends and relatives about the death
- Made a eulogy to praise/ to testify the deceased’s contribution to the community
- Participated in rituals/ ceremonies performed by the bereaved family e.g. slaughtering, eating, dancing, cleansing
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why courtship was important in Traditional African Marriage
- It helps in identification of suitable marriage partners
- The two families involved in marriage negotiations ( of the boy and girl) established relationship/ familiarization
- The boy and girl had the opportunity to learn one another and their families
- Offered the opportunity to check/ establish whether the two people ( boy and girl) are related. Near kin to each other
- Offered opportunity to establish whether the two people came from marriageable clans/ families
- Cemented/ strengthened the relationship between the two families through exchange of gifts mutual visits sharing of food and drink
- Gave the two families time to negotiate for dowry
- Gave time to the family of the young man to look for and pay dowry or part of it.
- Gave the two families time to arrangements
- Gave time to the girl and boy to be instructed in family life education/ prepare them for a marriage relationship
- Boy and girl were instructed on their duties responsibilities/ privileges in the community
- Gave time to establish whether the boy and girl weren’t for marriage e.g. on virginity, impotency, infertility, frigidity
- (not marriage but courtship)
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Problems which Dr, J L Krapf experienced as a missionary in Kenya
- Hostile climate i.e hot and humid weather
- Language barriers, at first he could not communicate effectively with the local people
- Had to contend with tropical diseases e.g. malaria/ lack of proper medical facilities
- Suffered personal tragedies when he lost his wife and child through death
- Hostility from some quarters e.g. Muslim Arabs and Swahili. Suffered an attack by robbers when he traveled inland with Chief Kivoi
- Frustrations because the people he had come to work among were slow in accepting the gospel/ slow phase of the missionary work
- Problems of adopting to a different life style form the one he used to in Europe e.g. housing, food
- Suffered from loneliness
- Lack of transport
- Wild animals
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which missionaries helped to rehabilitate freed slaves
- They established freed slaves colonies/ centers in their mission stations e.g. Freetown, Rabai, Ribe, Jomvu, Mazeras where they provided the homeless freed slaves with home/ shelter and other basic needs
- They taught the freed slaves industrial/ vocational skills to help them become self- supporting e.g. carpenters, masons, Bricklayers
- Some of them were professionally trained as catechists, evangelists, teachers to enable them secure employment
- Provided them with formal education to help them improve their living standards and fir self – realization
- Taught Christianity/ converted to Christianity to create awareness of their human dignity and worth
- Some freed slaves were given jobs in the mission stations as teachers, catechists, evangelists
- They provided them with land on which to grow their food as well as provided them with agricultural tools/ material support for business
- They taught the freed slaves better agricultural methods to improve their yield
- They were taught health science, hygiene and home science to help improve their health
- They were provided with medical care and medicine
- Those who wanted to live outside the colony were allowed and helped to do so.
- They were helped to find marriage partners
- They were to observe very strict discipline/ helped in character building
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Why missionaries condemned female circumcision
- They argued that the practice was unnecessary / useless
- They viewed the practice with abhorrence/ it was repugnant
- It was not keeping wife European uncivilized norms/ European civilization
- They condemned it was an absence act/ immoral act
- It was injurious to the health of the girls/ could lead to death though bleeding/ could cause infection/ had medical consequences especially in maternity cases
- It was unchristian/ not agreeable with the biblical teachings
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors which hinder Christians from helping the needy
- Too many needy cases
- Lack of experts to help in specialized areas e.g. in hospitals to help people with special needs
- Tribal/ ethnic feelings/ zoning prevalent at present/ marginalization
- Political learning’s and influence Christians belonging to a political party are not free to help needy people who do not belong where they belong
- Poor communication/ infrastructure in some parts of the country
- Some times aid has some strings attached donors dictate how aid should be spent// given used
- Economic demands/ inflation which leave Christians with nothing to help he poor with/ give/ lack of enough resources
- Indifferences by some Christians to the plight of the needy/ some Christians are too attached to their material wealth/ selfishness
- Corruption/ bribery prevailing in the society/ lack of transparency and accountability discourage some of the Christians from helping the poor
- Denominational factors where Christians from one denomination are not ready to help the needy who are not members of their church
- Lack of strategies/ procedure/ system on how help given is spent
- Lack of awareness by some Christians on almsgiving
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Causes of conflicts between parents and children
- Age gap between the parents and children, where parents fail to understand the children and children fail to understand the parents
- Lack of concern by the parents to the needs and interests of their children
- Unwillingness by the children to perform duties accept instruction by the parents
- Children expecting too much from their parents and vice versa
- Failure by parents to give time/ spend time with their children because they are involved in other things/ guidance and counseling
- Children getting too involved with their peer group and have place for parents
- Failure by parents to command respect from their children because of their weakness or failures
- Failure by parents to set good examples to their children/ poor role models
- Extreme poverty which dehumanizes/ extreme wealth which may spoil some children- doing what they want
- Some children are not informed about their responsibilities to the family and the community
- Parents putting too much restriction on their children’s freedom/ exercising too much control over the children / over protectiveness
- Too much freedom given to the children by the parents the pressure/ laxity by the parents to their children
- Marital problems by parents
- Influence of foreign culture/ mass media etc.
- Why Christians encourage young people to seek church weddings
- Marriages is God- ordained/ Marriage is holy/ a sacrament
- So the young people can learn and accept the teachings of the church on marriage
- So they can have God’s blessings for their marriage
- It is a respectable way to publicize the marriage/ publicly announce that the two people are man and wife
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 (313/2) 1996
- (a) Circumstances which led to the exile of Israelites from in Babylon
- Towards the end of the seventh century B.C the Babylonians had become the most powerful nation in the middle East through conquest
- The Israelites had forsaken the covenant way of life with the neighbours/ the leaders of the people were corrupt/ there was social injustice/ lack of moral responsibility/ accountability
- The Israelites had broken the covenant relationship with God by forsaking the religion of their forefathers/ by worshipping idols/ practicing syncretism
- Intermarriages with non- Israelites brought in foreign influence which made the Israelites run away from Yahweh to other gods
- The Israelites also persecuted the prophets of Yahweh( Jeremiah) when they challenged them about their way of life/ hypocrisy in order to silence them.
- The Israelites failure to take the opportunity given to them by the prophets to repent.
- Israel had experienced a succession of weak rulers who did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
- In 605 B.C Nebuchadnezzar/ Babylonians defeated the Egyptians at Carchemish leaving no obstacle to prevent the Babylonians from marching north.
- The Babylonian army captured Judah/ the cities/ forced kind Jehonakim to accept Babylonian control ( became Nebuchadnezzar’s vassal).
- After three years of Babylonian rule, King Hehoiakim tried to overthrow the Babylonian rule (but he died suddenly) He was succeeded by his son Jehorachin)
- The Babylonians armies forced the new king/ Jehoiachin to surrender in 597 B.C leading to deportation to Babylon as exiles
- The Babylonians installed Zedekiah as their vassal in Judah and Surrounded the city of Jerusalem.
- In 587 B.C the Babylonians broke into the city/ completely destroyed the city/ temple of Jerusalem/ most of the people who survived the destruction were deported as exiles to Babylon.
8 x 2 = 16 mks
(b) Factors which cause disunity among Christians
(i) Selfishness/ greed for money by some Christians
(ii) Rivalry/ competition for leadership positions/ greed for power
- Misinterpretation by some Christians of the work of the Holy Spirit
- Arrogance/ Pride by some Christians
- Corruption in the church
- Failure by the church leaders to live according to the law of god/ their failure to live exemplary lives
- Lack of concern by some Christians about the plight of others
- Misinterpretation of the Bible/ doctrinal differences
- Misuse of church funds/ power by some leaders
- Lack of transparency/ accountability in running church affairs
- The emergency of charismatic movements in the church creates a situation where some Christians think they are more equal/ holier than others.
- Political interference where Christians find themselves in different political camps
- Sexism/ women are not involved in decision making they are under represented
- Discrimination against the youth churches ignoring the youth in the running of the church
- Tribalism where Christians are divided along tribal lines/ racism
- Denominational differences.
(9 x 1 = 9 mks)
- (a) Occasions when the angel appeared
(i) The angel appeared to Mary in Nazareth and told her she would be pregnant and will give birth a son who will be called the son of the most High God.
(ii) The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and told him to take Mary as his wife, when he was contemplating on leaving her when he found out that she was pregnant. The angel told him that she was conceived by the Holy Spirit.
- After the birth of Jesus, the angel of the Lord appeared to the shepherds who were looking after their flocks at night and informed them of the birth of the saviour in Bethlehem
- After the visit of the Magi, the angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph and told him to take Mary and Baby Jesus and escape to Egypt because Herod would be looking for the child to kill him.
- After the death of King Herod, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in Egypt and told him to take Jesus and his mother and return to Israel because Herod who tried to kill the child was dead
(4 x 8 = 8 mks)
Occasion———— 1 mk to be marked as a
Message ————- 1 mk to be marked as b
- Methods used by Jesus to spread the gospel
- Preaching/ teaching the good news in the synagogues. He preached in the synagogues in Nazareth and throughout the country ( Luke 4: 42 – 44)
- Through the healing miracles/ curing various diseases. Healing of the paralytic ( Any other miracle)
- Raising the people back to life. Raising of Jairus Daughter ( Any other)
- Casting out evils spirits/ exorcism. Healing the man with an evil spirit at Capernaum. ( Any other exorcism
- Through miracles of nature. Calling of the storm ( any other
- Giving of discourses/ sermons. Sermon on the mount/ Oschatological discourse. ( any other.
- Through the use of parables/ allegories. The parable of the sower ( any other)
- Setting good examples for his disciples/ others to emulate. Washing the disciples feet, forgave sinners, died on the cross. ( any other)
- Use of live examples/ visual aids. Used a child to teach on meekness. Innocence as a prerequisite for entry into the kingdom
- Delegated his disciples to go on a preaching mission. Mission of the 12/72.
- Through house visits. Visited the home ofMary and Martha. Simon the Pharisee/ Levi/ Zacheaus/ the sinful woman/ the disciples at Emmaus (Any other.
- Use of the demonstrations/ role play, washing of feet. ( any other.
- Question and answer/ asking probing questions “ who do men say I am”?/ Any other
- Giving private tuition to his disciples. When he explained to them the meaning of the parable of the sower/ when he taught them how to pray/ the last supper . ( “do this in remembrance of me”)
- Teaching in the temple of Jerusalem. During the holy week be taught in the temple every day.
- Used life experiences of the people/ human experience. When he asked for a coin to answer the question on payment of taxes to Caesar.
- Taught from the known to the unknown. Conversations with the Samaritan woman ( any other)
- Use of the Old Testament texts to back his teachings/ elaborate his teachings. Read the book of Isaiah in the Synagogue in Nazareth.
- He evaluated his listeners after teaching. After the parable of the good Samaritan, he asked the teacher of the law. “in your opinion, which one of these acted like a neighbour towards the man attacked by robbers”? The teacher of the Law answered,” The one who was kind to him.” Jesus told him to go and do likewise.
- He Commanded people to do and witness what they had been taught and what they had seen. Gerasene demoniac.
- Use of wise sayings e.g. “salt is good, but if it loses its saltness, there is no way to make it salty again. ( any other)
9 x 1 = 9 mks)
( To get a mark, a candidate must give the method and example)
- (a) Problems faced by Jesus during his ministry
(i) Rejection by his own people in Nazareth
(ii) Death threats in Nazareth/ by Herod
- He was accused of breaking the law of Moses ( e.g, working on the Sabbath day/ eating with unwashed hands/ etc
- He was accused of being a friend of sinners and publican/ associating with sinners and publicans
- He was accused of being the prince of demons/ Beelzebub/ Beelzebul
- Faced opposition from the Jewish leaders
- Temptation by the devil
- Was questioned by the Jewish leaders so that they could use his answers to arrest/trap/ put him to death
- Was betrayed by Judas
- Was arrested/ agony
- Was deserted by his disciples after his arrest
- Was denied by peter
- Was falsely accused of blasphemy/ treachery/ treason
- Faced trials before the Sanhedrin/ Pilate/ Herod
- Was sentenced to death although he was innocent
- Was whipped by Pilate
- Was forced to carry his own cross
- Was crucified on the cross
- Mocked/ humiliated when he was hanging on the cross
- Was pierced on his side/ a crown of thorns was placed on his head
- Convincing his disciples about the way he was to fulfil his messianic role ( Through suffering and death.
- (a) Jesus teaching in the parable of the sower
(i) The word of God is preached to all people, but different people
take it in different ways
- Some people hear the word of God, but the devil come and takes it away, so that they do not believe get saved
- Some people hear the word of God and receive it gladly, but when problems come they forget it. Fail away.
- Some people hear the word of God, but it does not take in their hearts because the worries/ riches/ pleasures of the world crop and in the choke the word
- Some people hear the word of God and keep it in their hearts until they bear fruits
- Christians should keep the word of God in their hearts and should spread it to others.
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
- (b) How the early Christians preserved the teaching of Jesus
(i) Through worship e.g. Prayers/ praises
(ii) Preaching the good news to others/ baptism
- Teachings/ instructions by the apostles
- Putting the teachings of Jesus into practice/ committed to Jesus teaching (e.g. helping the poor/ sharing e. t.c)
- By witnessing about Jesus/ testimonies
- Celebrating of the Lord’s supper’
- Missionary work
- Writing/ keeping a written record of the teachings of Jesus/ what he did and said.
- Keryoma/ oral traditions
- Through their faith in Jesus Christ
- Allowing the Holy Spirit to guide them
- Welcoming/ winning the converts into the community
- Through counseling/ pastoral care
- Through writing letters/ epistles
- Through visiting other members
- Sharing of the good news among themselves/ fellowship
- Apostle training e.g. Paul trained Timothy
- Accepting to suffer/ persecution and even death for the sake of the gospel
- Incorporating people’s culture into the gospel ( E.g. Hellenism/ Greek Philosophy)
( 9 x 1 = 9 mks)
- Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Good news
- Reading the bible to others
- It is used for instructing new converts
- Preaching/ preaching the bible
- Used as a textbook in Christians Religious in schools and colleges
- Used as a basic reference book in general dissemination/ reach for knowledge
- Christian hymns/ songs are derived from the bible ( E.g. Psalms, magnificent, benedicts.
- Distribute bible to individuals/ institutions making them available for all read
- Translation of the Bible into vernaculars so that people can read/ understand it in their own language
- Used in taking of oath/ making promises ( e.g. swearing in members of parliament, in law courts)
- Christians literature book, pamphlets/ magazines) quote the bible/ use it to back their teaching/ messages.
( 8 x 1 = mks)
- (a) Reasons why cleansing rituals were important in traditional
African Communities
- Cleansing rituals were used to expiate/ forgive wrongdoers of their sins
- Cleaning ceremonies/ rituals were performed to protect individuals/ families/ community against repercussion for the wrong done
- Helped to maintain good inter – personal relationship / cohesion in the community/ reconciliation of the parties.
- For purification/ acceptance of members who had been declared ritually unclean/ or had broken taboos, so that they could continue with their normal activities in the society, ( e.g. after childbirth/ those who had committed murder/ adultery/ after bereavement/ etc.
- To appease the ancestral spirits
- Cleaning rituals were part of the rites of passage. (Individual had to go through ritual cleaning to signify that they had left their old selves and acquired different status. ( e.g. circumcision/ death.)
- The cleaning of the body before burial was prepared the deceased for the new life.
- To rid individual/ families/ community of evil
- To send away evil spirits/ forces
- To protect against calamities/ problems/ sicknesses/ epidemics
- Cleansing rituals were performed to persuade the spirits of the dead not to linger around the homestead/ cause misfortune to the family.
(8 x 2 = 16 mks)
- Factors which promoted harmony in traditional African Communities
- Sharing of resources among members of the community, (e.g food and drink)
- Participation in communal activities/ work ( according to sex/ age/ status).
- Participation of individual in social activities which through people together ( e.g. during harvest festivals, communal dances and games)
- Involvement of all members of the community to celebrate the rites of passage/ rituals accompanying them ( e.g. birth, initiation, marriage, death)
- People in the community were governed by rules/ regulations and taboos/ which were strictly observed
- Those who deviated from the norms of the society were punished/ prescribed punishments for the wrong doers/ which discouraged vices ( such as cheating, dishonesty, greed, disobedience).
- Children were educated on the values/ virtues/ their duties/ responsibilities obligations to the community.
- There was continued education for all members of the community on what was expected of them.
- Ancestral land was communally owned/ there were no landless people in the community.
- Extended family system ensured that children / orphans and the widows were taken care of by other members of the extended family.
- Communal way of solving individual/ family problems promoted understanding in the community.
- Division of labour/ the roles of each individual member of the community were defined and adhered
- A system of taking care of the needy/ the disadvantaged/ strangers existed
- The people held the same religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
- The people believed that they had a common origin, the Kikuyu believed that they are children of Gikuyu and Mumbi
- The communities had their own mechanism of defending themselves against outside invaders
- Each community had its own social/ political organization and the members simply fitted in the system
- (a) Factors which favoured the spread of Christianity in Kenya
between 1900 and 1914
- The completion of the Uganda railway linking the coast to the hinterland of Kenya made it easier/ safer for the missionaries to travel to the mainland
- The colonization of Kenya by the British helped in the establishment of law and order which enabled the missionaries
- Settle among different communities/ carry on with their work
- The building of towns roads/ the installation of other infrastructure by the colonial government connecting their administrative centers enabled the missionaries to move with relative ease.
- The colonial administration favoured the missionaries ( whom they saw as complementing their work) by ready giving them land certificates of occupation. ( the missionaries enjoyed support of the colonial administration as both were working as “allies” to introduce western concepts.
- The colonial administration provided security/ protection necessary for the successful work of the missionaries
- Some Africans were not so successfully in their tribal setting and were quick to join the “new” religion where they were recognized
- The need for western education provided by the missionaries attracted Africans to the mission stations. ( some people were quick to realize the importance of education in the new colonial set –ups e.g. acquisition of job employment/ better living standards
- The missionaries/ colonial administration used chiefs to persuade their people to send their children to mission schools
- The need for western medicine ( led to the establishment of hospitals/ health centers/ dispensaries/ clinics by the missionaries made some Africans who sought treatment to come in to contact with Christianity.
- The oppression and exploitation of the Africans by the administration and settlers created room for Christians teachings/ helped to develop friendship and trust between the missionaries and the Africans
- Need for development by those Africans who were quick to realize that Christianity went hand in hand with development.
- (a) Reasons why some Christians are opposed to capital punishment
(i) It is against the human rights to take away an individuals life.
(ii) God’s law forbids human beings form killings/ committing
murder. (“You shall not kill”)
- Capital punishment does not serve/ fulfill the purpose for which punishment is intended, i.e retribution/ warning/ reform/ discouragement from repeating the offence.
- It is an attack on the human dignity of an individual
- Human beings are made in the image/ likeness of God, so capital punishment is destroying then image of God in human beings
- It is a criminal attack on another person in the eyes of Christians
- It is God who gives life and only God has the right to take it.
- The judge who pronounces capital punishment on the accused person may be prejudiced/ unjust/ dishonest/ might make the wrong judgment
- Human beings are imperfect/ they cannot assess the responsibility of the offender with absolute accuracy/ God alone is accurate ( e.g person might be accused wrongly/ human beings are unable to assess the inner intentions of the offender. How much evil was done).
- God’s intention of punishment is to bring repentance/ reform ( capital punishment denies an individuals this opportunity
- Those who execute punishment/ the offender/ their family/ suffer degradation
- Deprive a family community of a member
- It is irreversible
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (b) Lessons from Jesus Trial by Pilate
(i) Jesus was innocent/ did not deserve death
(ii) Christians should not accuse other falsely
- Should not be intimidated/ influenced by others to do/ say what
they know is wrong
- Should only do what is pleasing to God and not what pleases fellow human beings
- Should strive for justice/ fairness regardless of the cost
- Should be careful in judging/ accusing others/ passing judgment on others
- Should give examples to others/ give guidance
- Jesus is the messiah/ son of God.
(8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c) Ways in which Christians help those who have been released from
Prison
- Visiting them so that they may feel wanted in the society / invite them to their homes
- Pray for them
- Preach the good news of salvation to them
- Provide them with basic necessities (e.g shelter, food and clothing)
- Show them love/ concern
- Involve them in the community/ church activities
- Provide them with guidance and counseling to help them and reform
- Welcome them into the church
- Help them to become self- reliant by helping them acquire employment/ survival skills for self/ job employment
- Listen to them/ help them solve problems
- Counsel their families to accept/ forgive them.
9 x 1= 9 mks
K.C.S.E MARKING SCHEME 1997
C.R.E PAPER 1
- The responsibilities given by God to human being in the Genesis stories of creation
(i) Procreate – To rule over the rest of creation/ to care, conserve
and preserve the environment
(ii) Take care – To be in charge of the fish, the birds and all the
birds and all the animals/ rule over God’s creation
(iii) In charge – To cultivate the garden and guard it
(iv) Eat – To eat from the fruits of the garden
(v) Obey – To obey God/ God’s command
(vi) Marry – to get married/ should marry
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- The qualities of Moses shown during His call
(i) Care/ cautiousness
(ii) Inquisitiveness
(iii) Respect/ cautiousness
- Patience
- Obedience
- Wisdom/ intelligence
- Courage/ Bravery/ fearlessness
- Faith/ trust
- Consistence/ reliability
- Humility
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Five qualities of the servant of Yahweh according to prophet Isaiah
(i) Messiah – Chosen one of God/ God’s anointed/ messiah
(ii) Pleasing – Pleasing to God
(iii) Spirit filled – God’s spirit is in film
(v) Patience – Patience/ tolerance/ endurance
(vi) Humble – Humility
(vii) nonviolence – gentleness/ non- violence
(viii) Courage – Courage
(ix) Righteousness – Righteousness/ holiness/ uprightness
(x) Liberator – Liberator from oppression/ saves/ redeemed/
Restores
(xi) – God is glorified in him/ reflects God glory
(xii) Teacher – Knowledge/ teacher/ ready to learn
(xiii) Constant – Stead fastness/ constant
(xiv) Hope – Hope
(xv) – Vindicated/ free of guilt/ innocent
(xvi) – He is faithful/ obedient
(xvii) – Messenger of goods news
(xviii) – Prosperity
(xiv) – Divinity/ supernatural
(xv) – Power/ almightiness
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors which led to the division of the kingdom of Israel
(i) Foreign wives – Solomon had married many foreign
princesses who bought high places ( idols) with them the worship of foreign gods to Israel.
(ii) Sol. Worship ( idols) – Solomon not only allowed his foreigners
wives to worship their gods but also built high places of worship where his wives worshipped their gods. This displeased God.
(iii) – Solomon broke the covenant with God by
disobeying his commands not to worship foreign gods. ( 1 kings 11: 9- 10)
(iv) Over taxation – In order to support his harem of wives and
court officials, Solomon needed a lot of money and this he got by overtaxing his subjects. This was oppression.
(v) Forced labour – Solomon spent years and a lot of resources
building his own palace and the temple, projects made him introduce forced labour in Israel.
(vi) Kingdom divided redness of Jeroboam
- The over- taxation and forced labour made the Israelites dissatisfied with Solomon’s rules. The dissatisfaction among the Israelites found a spokesman in Jeroboam.
(vii) After Solon’s death his son Rehoboam succeeded him/ rejection of the
advice from the old men
(viii) Jeroboam led a delegation of Israelites elders to Rehoboam to ask him to
rule them less harshly than his father Solomon. The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion.
(ix) Rehoboam rejected the counsel of the elders who advised him to tell the ` delegation that he would rule them less harshly than Solomon.
The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion
(x) He listened to the young men who told him to tell the delegation that he
would rule them more harshly than his father cared for him/ Rehoboam listened
The readiness of Jeroboam to lead a rebellion/ encouragement from prophet Elijah to lead the rebellion North
(xi) When Rehoboam told the delegation that his rule would be harsher than his father’ they were so angered and the ten northern tribes of Israel rejected him as King and rebelled against him.
- The rebellious tribes chose Jeroboam as their king and only the two southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained under the Kingship of Rehoboam. The redness of Jeroboam to lead rebellious tribes/ encouragement of Prophet Elijah to lead rebellion tribe.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- The Teachings of John the Baptist about Jesus Christ
- Jesus is great/ famous/ greater than John
- Jesus will bring God’s Salvation/ saviour/ save humanity from sin
- He will proclaim judgment
- He will punish sinners and reward he righteous/ believers/ give eternal life to those who believe in him
- Jesus is the Messiah/ Christ/ God’s anointed
- Jesus is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world/ Jesus will die for the sin of humanity/ save humanity from sin
- Jesus will lead the new community of believers ( Bridegroom)
- Jesus was sent by God / He is from God/ God’s messenger/ son of God
- Jesus is loved by God / God has given Jesus everything/ believed of God
- Jesus will be filled with the Holy Spirit
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Lessons about Jesus Mission from the incident when a woman caught in
Adultery was brought to him.
- Jesus mission was to teach/ Preach the good news
- Jesus mission was to justify/ fulfill the Law of Moses/ to fulfill the Law of the prophets.
- Jesus’ mission was to and for all people/ universal/ for all nations/ Jesus/ Mission did not discriminate against any group of people / it was fair to all
- Jesus did not come to judge/ condemn sinners but to save them
- Jesus mission was to seek and save the lost
- Jesus mission was to challenge the Jewish leaders in their attitudes/ their hypocrisy/ their interpretation of the law
- Jesus was going to experience problems/ difficulties/ temptations in his mission
- Jesus does not condone sin although he forgives the sinner
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Christians teachings about the Lord’s Supper
(i) The Lord’s Supper was inaugurated by Jesus
(ii) It is celebrated Jesus death and resurrection/ memorial of crucified and
risen Christ ( Anamnesis).
- The Lord’s supper is a gift from the lord
- It is a sacrifice of praise and thanks giving
- It is the Church’s effective proclamation of God’s mighty acts and promises
- It is a sign of the unity of the church/ believers
- It is the new Paschal meal of the church/ the meal of the new covenant which Christ gave to his disciple
- It is a sacramental meal which by visible signs communities God’s love in Jesus Christ / sacrament of Christ real presence
- The bread is a symbol of the body of Christ which was crucified
- The wine/ cup is a symbol of his blood which was shed/ blood of the new covenant.
- It is a foretaste of Christ poising and of the final kingdom/ symbolic of the heavenly banquets
- It is central to Christian worship/ Eucharistic.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Causes of disunity in the Early church
- The questions on the inclusion of the Gentiles in the church. Some Jewish Christians were not read to accept Gentle Christians in the church unless they underwent circumcision.
- There was negligence of the Windows in the distribution of food
- Disagreement between/ among leaders, e.g. Paul and Barnabas, Paul and Peter.
- Groupings in the church where some Christians did not live according to the teachings of Christ.
- The problem of the gifts of the Holy spirit some Christians became arrogant because they believed they were more gifted than others
- Different interpretations of the doctrines e.g. resurrection, sin, salvation, Christology holy spirit, dressing
- Behaviour during the celebration of the Lord’s supper
- Christians took other to pagan courts
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teachings about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the Day of Pentecost
- Jesus was from Nazareth
- Jesus had a human nature
- Jesus had a divine nature
- Jesus was attested by God to work miracles and wonders through Jesus
- Jesus death/ crucifixion was according to God’s plan
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Jesus conquered death/ has victory over death/ overcame death
- The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the prophecy of David. / the death and resurrection of Jesus were foretold by David
- Jesus is a descendant of David
- Jesus ascended into heaven/ is exalted at the right – hand of God
- The Holy spirit is a gift from Jesus
- God has made Jesus both Lord and Christ / Messiah
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Effects of Paul’s conversation on the early Christian church
- The persecution of Christians decreased as Paul had been their chief persecutor
- Expansion of the new faith through Paul’s missionary journeys/ evangelization
- The spread of the new faith to the Gentiles as Paul had been appointed apostle to the Gentiles
- Paul’s letter to different churches were included in the scriptures/ canonized
- Through his teachings and admonitions to different churches. Paul gave interpretations to Christians doctrines/ clarified the teachings of the church
- He helped set up structures in the early church e.g. types of leadership and thus church in a society
- By his examples of tolerance, Constance in faith the Gospel in spite of persecution he set a model for other Christians to emulate at this difficult time of persecution
- Paul defended the gospel against any attacks
- Teachings of saint Paul on the resurrection
- The resurrection of Jesus was foretold in the scriptures/ resurrected according to scriptures
- His appearance to Peter the twelve and the five hundred
- Jesus appeared to Paul
- Jesus resurrection is a proof that there is the resurrection of the dead
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Christians faith is found on their belief in the resurrection of Jesus
- Because Christ rose from the dead, all those who die will resurrect
- The resurrection of Jesus destroyed death/ was victory over death
- Baptism signifies that Jesus resurrected
- People will resurrect in new/ different spiritual bodies
- The trumpet will sound and the dead will be raised imperishable and all will be changed a day.
- Resurrection gives hope to believers/ Christians
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Lessons on the cost of discipleship from the Uganda
(i) Christians should be ready to suffer and even die for their faith/ should not
give up their faith during persecution/ held on the truth at all cost.
- Following Jesus can lead to suffering and even death
- Christians should be ready to deny themselves for the sake of the gospel
- They should rely on God help during persecution
- They should not conform/ compromise political social or traditional demands expense of their faith
- They should pray and forgive their enemies martyrdom should unite against oppression injustice and persecution
- They should be determined to carry out the work of God. Propagate the gospel witness to Christ. In spite of persecutions/ condemn evil.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Traditional African Practices which demonstrate people’s belief in God
(i) Praying to God
(ii) Offering of sacrifices
- Singing and dancing to God
- Giving children the names of God
- Building of shrines for God, e.g. mountains, caves, lakes, hills, forests
- Pronouncing blessings and curses in the name of God
- Taking oaths in the name of God/ making covenants in the name of God
- Giving instructions on / /t the teaching attributes of God
- Teaching of moral, taboos/ living virtues lives
- Invoking the name of God in times of problems
- Visiting holy scared places
- Telling stories of creation/ origin of life and death to their descendants
- Using proverbs and riddles to uncover the mysteries of nature/ creation
- Caring for God’s creation/ sacred trees, animals and birds
- Consulting priest/ seers, prophets about God’s will.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when oaths were administered in Traditional African Communities
- During reconciliation ceremonies
- During marriage
- After initiation
- When preparing for a raid
- When deciding on cases/ setting disputes
- When a person was being adopted into a family clan or tribe
- When a person was being initiated into a secret society
- During installation of leaders ( oath of office
- When a community was threatened member took oath to remain united against the enemy
- During the making of peace treaties
- When buying land
- During naming ceremonies/ children dedicated to God/ ancestors.
- Occasions when the services of a medicine- man- were required in traditional African communities
- During sickness
- During initiations into adulthood
- Before important undertaking e.g raid, war, marriage
- During catastrophes e.g. drought, floods, death
- When a person required charms for protection against evil ort a portion to use to achieve a desired goal
- When it was necessary to dispel witchcraft/ magic/ sorcery and other forces of evil
- In case of impotence/ barrenness
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors which hindered the expansion of the missionary work in Kenya in the
19th Century
- Lack of trained personnel such as ministries, catechists, evangelistic and
teachers to do missionary work
- Lack of resources ( money), to expand the work and put up facilities
For missionary work
- Poor infrastructure e.g. roads and others means of
Missionaries could only stay in one station and traveling from one place to
Another was difficult .
(iv) Failure by missionaries to use appropriate methods and approaches to win
the Africans to Christianity.
(v) Negative attitudes and lack of interest by Africans to Christianity
(vi) Language problems, missionaries would not communicate effectively with the
local people and vice versa. Missionaries spent valuable time learning local languages which they could otherwise put into missionary work.
- Cultural resistance from the local people. Some people felt that becoming Christians would alienate them from their communities
- Environmental and geographical factors hostile climate, difficult terrains, droughts.
- Attacks by tropical diseases, e.g. Malaria, blackwater diseases
- Fear of wild animals
- Fear of hostile tribes, e.g. Maasai, Gallo
- Competition from other religious e.g. Islam and African traditional religious
- Rivalry among Mission societies/ denominations/ religion groups
- Attitudes of some missionaries towards Africans- considered Africans primitive/ savage / untutored/ unable to comprehend Christian abstract doctrines
- German missionaries were not accepted in British colonies
- Contradiction in the Christian message / some condemned use of alcohol while others tolerated it some condemned polygamy while others tolerated it, circumcision of women.
- Reasons why Kenyans are attracted to the church
(i) being members of a church gives the belonging/ identity
(ii) Some go to church as a form of leisure / routine/ habit
- To worship and join others in worship
- Some go to church to make friends / met friends/ socialize
- Others go to church to look for material help
- for spiritual growth/ development and nurture.
- To some, it is prestigious to go church/ seek popularity/ recognition
- To fulfill an obligation/ as a sense of duty
- To seek comfort and consolation
- To seek forgiveness and correction
- To physical and spiritual healing
- For guidance and counseling
- To cover up their sins/ crimes/ wrong doing/ hypocrism
- To seek God’s blessings
- To provide good education for their children/ get them Christian schools
- To follow the religion of their parents/ not to annoy their
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which the church could help street children
- Rehabilitate them/ reform them/ change them
- Try to link them up with their families / parents
- Give them guidance and counseling
- Provide them with the basics of life- food, shelter and clothing/ material support
- Help them to got to school/ provide leaving resources/ pay school fees
- Help in building home for them/ contribute to building homes
- Appeal to the governments and the non- governmental organizations and the community to help those children
- Persuade them to attend church and accept them into the churches/ give them moral support.
- Accept and welcome street boys to their homes
- Evangelize them/ win them to the church
- Start money generating projects for them
- Help equip them with survival skills for employment and self- employment
- Teach them values and morals e.g. cleanliness, honesty, self – respect
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which Christians practices social justice
- By sharing belongings and resources with those who dot have
- Helping the poor and the needy/ orphans
- Visiting the sick, prisoners, bereaved, the oppressed and the depressed
- Fulfilling their domestic obligations
- Fulfilling their civic obligations
- Provision of social services e.g. schools, hospitals and orphanages
- Fulfilling ecclesiastical obligations and responsibilities
- Praying for peace and justice
- Pointing for peace and justice
- Pointing out and correcting evil in society
- Calling for justice and the rule of law
- Caring for the environment
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Advantages of a monogamous marriage
(i) To achieve intimate oneness for two persons. Two is company, three is a
Crowd
- Wife, husband and children get undivided love
- It is easier to achieve complete faithfulness and trust
- It becomes easier to build mutual confidence
- Makes it easier to bring up children in a healthy and peaceful atmosphere
- It is the only legal marriage relationship in law and according to the church
- Reduces the risk of drug and alcohol use by the children and parents/ produces delinquency
- Helps to enhance/ improves family resources
- Wife is able to enjoy all the rights and privileges without threat and competition
- Reduce of the effect of injected with S.T.D.S
- Easier to achieve complete harmony and peace in the family
- The practices of inheritance upon the death of the father
- Children grow in confidence and develop love, trust and respect for the father
- Reduces rivalry in family / Favoritism/ jealously among wives and children
- Reduces cases of homicide
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313/2 1997
- a) Ways in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh.
- i) David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. (The Ark of the Covenant in Jerusalem signified the presence of God among his people). Yahweh’s presence was at the centre of Israel ‘s life).
- ii) He made Jerusalem the HoldCity / religious / spiritual capital to which Israelites from over the land came for important religious occasions.
iii) He composed psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites / Jews (e.g. reading / singing / reading)
- iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh (Nathan/God) listened to their
messages/advice/admonitions.
- v) When David made mistakes, he repented / asked for Yahweh’s
forgiveness/pardon.
- vi) David humbled himself before Yahweh/ he called himself the servant of
Yahweh / completely submitted to His will / obeyed God / was loyal.
vii) He advised others to obey God / to keep God’s commandments /
Shepherded Israel to true worship of Yahweh.
viii) David praised God through song/ dance / music.
- ix) David Wanted to build a house / temple for God (where the Ark of
the covenant would be kept / Israelited would meet for worship).
- x) David constantly prayed to God / Sought God’s guidance / Glorified
God / gave thanks to God.
- xi) He conquered the enemies of Israel so that they could live in peace / was a sign of God’s presence among them.
6 x 2 = 12marks
- b) What Christian learn about God from the call of prophet Isaiah.
- i) Transcendent (High and lifted up) exalted.
- ii) Almighty / all powerful / omnipotent.
iii) Majestic
- iv) Holy
- v) Glorious
- vi) To be glorified / praised / worthy of praise.
vii) To be worshiped / adored
viii) Sanctifies / cleanses / from sin / purifies
- ix) Punishes sin/ destroys
- x) God restores / forgives / pardons
- xi) He commissions/ sends / gives a task / proclaims / promises
a task / service.
xii) God chooses / uses / calls / makes a choice / selects to service /
whom to send.
- C) Ways in which Christians show gratitude to God.
- i) Through prayers / thanks giving/ praise / adoration/worship.
- ii) Through offertory / tithes.
iii) Caring for the sick / old / disabled.
- iv) Through song / dance / music.
- v) Dedicating themselves to the service of God/ church.
- vi) Preaching / teaching / witnessing to the Gospel / evangelizing.
vii) Working for the well – being / development of their community.
viii) Caring for the environment.
- ix) Taking caring of themselves.
- x) Obeying God’s laws / doing
- ix) Taking caring of themselves.
- x) Obeying God’s laws /doing God’s will dedicate to God’s service.
- xi) Acting as peace-makers/reconcilers.
- xi) Celebration of the sacraments.
xiii) Celebration of Christian Holidays/Sabbath /Feasts (e.g. Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost.
xiv) Observing the traditions of the church/ following the doctrines of the church.
- xv) Through writing/composing Christian literature/ songs
- xv) Through writings/ composing Christian literature/ songs.
xvi). Offering their time/talents for the wok of the church/ building worshipping places.
6×1= 6mks
2 a) Jesus Teachings about the Kingdom of God from His parables.
- i) It is God who establishes His Kingdom. He is like a sower. (parable of the sower).
- ii) God gives life to the kingdom so that it grows from within like a seed and spreads out irresistibly as yeast permeates the dough. (Parables of the Mustard seed/Yeast/leaven).
iii) Jesus has brought / ushered in the Kingdom of God/ through his works and his very person.
- iv) The kingdom of God is a present reality, as sower, God has sown the seed it is growing.
- v) The Kingdom of God is a future reality (eschatological)/ the kingdom of God is awaiting completion/perfection (the parable of the wheat and Tares).
Vi) The secrets of the Kingdom are reveal. Given to a chosen few, to others they are in parables. Hidden.
vii) The Kingdom of God is universal /for all peoples/nations (mustard seed).
viii) The Kingdom of God starts in a small way /grows secretly to include all the nations of the world (mustard seed/Yeast).
- ix) There will be judgment in the Kingdom of God/ God will separate the righteous and the sinners/ The righteous will be rewarded and sinners will be punished . (Wheat and the Tares).
- x) The Kingdom of God is for the righteous ones.
- xi) The Kingdom of God is precious / valuable (it was worthy forfeiting all else for the sake of the Kingdom ). (e.g Treasure/the pearl)
xii) God searches lost individuals and bring them back/ restore them to the Kingdom.
xiii) There is rejoicing in the kingdom when one lost individual is retrieved /brought back.
Note: Candidates do not have to quote the parable.
7 x 2 = 13mks (maximum)
- b) Obstacles that Christians could encounter in trying to promote social
justice in Kenya.
(i) Opposition from the rich/Government –who will not be willing to help/ share their riches with the poor.
(ii) Opposition from the powerful/those in power making positions-because they are not willing to share the power/power making positions with others.
(iii) Greed/selfishness/corruption – resulting in grabbing exploitation of the poor/powerless.
- iv) Political leanings/people belonging to a political party- are not willing to share power/wealth resources with those belonging to different political parties.
- vi) Racism-people belonging to a certain race discriminating against others.
vii) Different religious/ faiths/denominations-are not walling to help people of other faiths/denominations.
viii) Sexism-where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women.
- ix) Age factor- Where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women youth, as to them the youth are irresponsible/ inexperienced/the youth are not ready to share power/ responsibilities with the old because they are out of dead wood.
- x) The educated-who have no regard for the uneducated who they regard as ignorant.
6×2= 12mks)
- a) Saint Pail’s Teachings about Love (1 Cor. 13)
i It is a gift from God/ of the Holy spirit
- It is the most important gift
iii. It is patient / does not let down.
Iv It kind
- Not jealous/envious
vi Not conceited/Proud /not cruel/not self seeking
vii Not ill mannered
viii. Not selfish/it is generous/ not cruel/not self seeking.
Ix Not irritable/ resentful/not quick to anger/bears no grudges
- Does not keep a record of wrongs
xi Not happy with evil
xii It is happy with truth
xiii. Never give up/endures/not tired/tolerant/withstands long suffering
xiv Its faith/hope/patience never fails/it is reliable.
- It is eternal 8 x 1 = 9mks.
- b) i They left their jobs/occupations/families and followed Jesus.
ii Listened to /accepted his teachings/obeyed him.
iii Invited him to their homes (Mary and Martha/Peter/Levi)
iv They joined him in prayer
v Anointed him as a mark of great honour (Mary Magdalene/the sinful woman.
- Gave him physical protection (e.g. Peter).
vii. Served Jesus.
viii Accompanied/followed him from place/kept him company.
- Helped him to spread/teach/proclaim/preach the good news (e.g Mission of the 12/72/70)
- Showed concern/love for his well-being /cared for him.
Xi Advised him/sought advice from him.
Xii Glorified /praised him
Xiii Put their faith/trust in him were steadfast.
Xiv Addressed him as Rabbi/ master/Teacher/ respected him
- Paid tax for him
xvi. Peter was prepared to die with Jesus/followed him to the home of the High Priest during the trial.
Xvii Peter cried when he remembered he had denied Jesus.
Xviii Were present at the cross of Jesus/weeping.
xix. Removed his body from the cross/wrapped it/ buried it/were sad when he died.
Xx Took care of his mother.
Xxi were happy/ excited when Jesus resurrected.
xxii. Accompanied him to the mount of ascension.
Xxiii Waited on his promise of the Holy spirit in Jerusalem.
xxiv. Spread the Good News of Jesus Christ after his ascension.
8×1=8mks
- c) Problems faced by Church ministers in their work
- Lack of money/resources to pay their salaries/meet other expenses.
ii Poor housing/lack of housing for themselves/their families
iii some Christians might reject a minister/lack of acceptance by some Christians on grounds of education/age/tribe.
Iv What they preach/teach might make them unpopular with some members of the congregation/with the powers that be.
- Might work in geographical hostile environments where they might suffer from disease/drought/weather /traveling long distances.
- People might expect too much from them when they are only human. When they make mistakes people may not readily forgive them.
Vii some members may not co-operate with them.
viii. Might face un co-operate from other church leaders (e.g. Bishops/moderators).
- Might not be in agreement with some rules/regulations/ standing orders of the church.
- Pastoral problems might be too complex to deal with/might not be able to handle some people.
- Settling quarrels/disagreements/disputes without being seen to take sides
xii suffer from stress. Depression from personal problems/ problems form the congregation and have nobody to share with them/might not share problems with people for fear of exposing weaknesses.
Xiii Problems/ harassment form civil authorities/politicians who might want to use the church for their own benefits/accusation of involvement in politics.
Xiv Might not know how to deal with different groups in the church (e.g. youth/women/men/choir/revival groups).
Xv Might face cultural barriers. Language problems if they are not working in their home districts.
xvi. Temptations from worldly/ earthly pleasures/materials.
xvii. External factors-competition/rivalry from other religions/other Christian denominations.
xviii. Too much demand on their time/services by the members.
8×1=8mks
4 a) Measures taken by traditional African communities to discourage
pregnancies before marriage.
- Sex education was given to the youth in order to instill discipline/responsibility.
Ii The youth were made aware /advised/sensitized of the dire consequences of irresponsible sex leading to pregnancy before marriage.
iii. Sex before marriage was prohibitive in most traditional African communities virginity was highly valued.
- girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished/they were ostracized. Disowned by he family/put to death/forced to marry old/useless men.
v Young men who were found to have impregnated a girl before marriage were also punished /paid a heavy fine/reprimanded/banned by their age groups/ defamed in songs/ given nasty nicknames.
- Parents, (especially the mothers) were held responsible for their daughter conduct/ girls movements were closely watched and their movements monitored. Limited
vii. During social occasions(e.g dances) young people were supervised so that they did not misbehave.
Viii There was physical separation of sexes/boys and girls/ males, lived in separate houses.
Ix There were taboos/rules/regulations on sex relationships
X The entire traditional African community was concerned about the moral fiber /integrity.
Xi Sexes were taught to respect each other/treat each other with respect/ to respect their own bodies/maintain their dignity/ honour.
4 b) Factors which have contributed sexual immorality among the youth
- Drugs/alcohol abuse among the youth
- Permissiveness in the society/moral laxity /lack of discipline in the society.
Iii Pornography form print media/materials /literature/pictures.
Iv Poverty which has led some to turn to commercial sex/prostitution
V Lack of proper sex education for the youth.
Vi Changing life styles/urbanization resulting in overcrowded house/ lack of privacy.
Vii Influence form electronic media (e.g television. Video cassettes/cinemas).
Viii Availability of contraceptives which make the youth engage in sex education without any fear of pregnancies.
Ix Unemployment/Idleness the youth are lured into sex with promises of jobs/favors
X Stress/frustrations, force the youth to seek consolation in sex among other things.
Xi The wrong role models from the adults/the youth don’t have examples to emulate.
Xii Peer pressure/youth engage in sex to fit in their peer group/to be accepted.
Xiii Parents have abdicated their role of teaching the youth about the facts of life to the schools which doing very little/nothing at all.
7×1=1mk
4 c) Ways in which the church can help single parents
- should provide pastoral care/guidance and counseling/preaching to them .
ii Accept them in church/community.
Iii Provide them with material help where necessary/provide opportunity.
Iv Visit them/invite them to visits with them.
V Pray with them/for them.
Vi Involve them in church activities
Vii Encourage them to get married
Viii Invite them to church seminars on family life.
6 x 1=6mks
5 a) Practices in the Early church which are observed in the church in Kenya.
- Holding prayer/fellowship meeting (meeting together for prayers/for fellowship.
ii Observing a day of worship/having weekly worship services.
Iii Baptism of the new converts to make them full members of the church.
- Instruction of new converts in the Bible/Christian doctrines.
- Celebration of the Lord’s Supper/Eucharist/Holy Communion/Mass.
Vi Visiting /helping the sick /poor /orphans/the needy/widows.
vii. Giving of offertory/tithes for the work of the church.
Viii Meeting to discuss issues/problems/solve problems
Ix Teaching/preaching the Gospel
X Missionary work/evangelism/taking the gospel to those who did not have it spreading the gospel to new people/areas.
Xi Speaking in tongues/laying of hands to receive the Holy spirit.
Xii singing to/praise God
Xiii Pastoral care/guidance and counseling.
Xiv sharing of resources/sharing what they have with others.
Xv Sending of famine relief to those who have no food as a result of man-made/natural catastrophes/wars/drought/floods.
Xvi Celebrating Christian events (e.g Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost/Ascension days)
Xvii Healing/ spiritual healing/performing miracles.
xviii. Observing the Law of god/Ten commandments/Decalogue /the traditions of the church.
Xix reading/ studying of scriptures. 7×2=13mks.
5 b) Reasons why Missionaries condemned traditional African music and
dance.
- They regarded them as obscene/disgusting (e.g body movements/the songs)
ii They regarded them as evil/ satanic as they did with other aspects of African culture.
Iii They were regarded heathen /contradicting/ anti-Christian/ pagan practices/ witchcraft.
Iv Regarded them as demonstration of savagely dangerous harmful/barbaric.
- they assumed that they promoted sexual immorality/were immoral/led to sexual immorality.
Vi discourage the African Christians from going back to their old ways/practices
Vii To encourage the African Christians from going back to their old ways/practices.
Viii the missionaries condemned the African dance/music out of ignorance/they did not understand their/ language /social/religious significance.
Ix The music instruments used by the Africans were primitive according to the missionaries.
- the white missionaries were already biased/hated/did not like/that what was African was culturally inferior/primitive/should be abandoned.
Xi They wanted to liberate/ the Africans for the primitive culture/ practices so that they could embrace Christianity/western civilization (and all that it could offer).
5x =12
- a) Ways in which Christians make use of since and Technology make use of
science and technology to spread the Gospel.
- Through the use of electronic media (e.g radio/television/video cassettes/ cinemas to preach/ teach the good news.
ii Use public address systems when preaching to large congregations/during Christian crusades/rallies /conventions.
iii Make use of modern means of communication (automobiles aero plane /trains) to travel from place to place to preach/teach/ evangelize/to send.
Iv make use of recorded cassettes to preach/ for recording gospel music which people can listen to.
- Make use of modern musical instruments (electronic guitars/key boards for accompaniment in music.
Vi use of telephones/fax/postal service from station to station/country to country/which is essential in running of churches.
Vii Use typewriters/ computers printing machines has enabled the church to put messages/teachings in writing so that they can be read by more people/enabled them to print their literature for wider readership.
Viii Technology in architecture/building technology has enabled churches not only to put up sanctuaries from where to preach to the people but also to put up other complexes (e.g. halls, schools/officers) for the work of the church equip their hospitals/modern methods to treat the six /to carry out the healing ministry.
- Scientific research/innovations in different disciplines has been adopted by the church and this has contributed to their critically looking at methods/approaches used in spreading the gospel with the intention of changing to modern methods/ approaches.
X The use of modern technology in industry agriculture/commerce, has helped to bring more money in the churches which is essential in spreading the gospel/for the work of the church.
Xi use of modern equipment for leisure (e.g. games /music drama social activities/ parties )has helped to enhance the work of the church.
Xii scientific discoveries/explorations have gone a long way to affirm/ attest the truth of the Gospel (e.g. (Archaeological discoveries).
5×2 = 10mks
6 b) Religious significance of the environment in traditional African
communities.
i The environment was created by God/it is sacred/ to be reversed.
ii Each ethnic group believed that their homeland was given to them by God/it was a gift from God.
Iii In some communities, the most important oaths were taken by one taking the soil as a symbol of land/environment.
Iv African communities set aside certain places as sacred/ to symbolize God’s presence among them (e.g mountains/ forests/caves/rivers /trees). These places were also used as places of worship.
- some communities hat totemic animals/birds/heavenly bodies which were considered sacred.
Vi The environment demonstrated the relationship between god and the people at given times e.g drought/flood/epidemics) showed that God was annoyed with the people/good rains/ a bumper harvest/ green vegetation showed God’s blessings.
Vii People believed that it was their religious obligation to take care of the environment.
Viii Used the environment to reveal / understand God’s attributes/his nature (e.g. thunder/ lightning/ rain/ clouds/earthquakes/ volacanicity/eclipses/sun moon/stars.
- Rites of passages were connected to the environment/ circumcision blood flowed to the soil to blind the initiate to the ancestors/ birth –placenta was buried in the ground/upon death the body was buried in the ground.
- The Africans believed that the environment was the abode of the spirits/the living dead / the ancestors.
Christian Religious Education paper 1 313/1 1998
- The meaning of the expression the Bible is the Word of God’
(i) The Bible was inspired by God
(ii) The authors of the Bible wrote under the influence of the Holy Spirit
(iii) The bible deals with God’s revelation to human beings and their responses.
(iv) The Bible contains the true message of God for daily living
(v) God wrote the Ten Commandments on the stone tablets.
(vi) The Bible is the revealed word of God/God reveals Himself to us through His activity in the Old Testament and in the Holy Spirit in the Church today.
5×1=5mks
- Characteristics of God’s covenant with Abraham
(i) It was unconditional
(ii) It had promises to be fulfilled.
(iii) It had an outside sigh /circumcision.
(iv) It was sealed through sacrifice/ritual
(v) It was voluntary / the parties were willing to enter into covenant /mutual
(vi) It was solemn/binding
(vii) It was initiated by God
5×1=5mks
- Attributes of God as shown in the Jewish Passover
(i) God is merciful
(ii) God is faithful to His promises/covenant
(iii) God is omniscient /all knowing
(iv) God punishes the disobedient/stubborn
(v) God saves /rescue those he loves
(vi) God responds to / answers prayers
(vii) God is worthy of worship
(viii) God is omnipresent /always
5×1 = 5 mks
- Effects of idolatry to the Israelites
(i) The rejection/ignoring the covenant way of life (corruption and injustice)
(ii) The coming up of prophets who stood firmly for the covenant / prophets who reminded people of God’s covenant.
(iii) The adoption of the Canaanite worship by many Israelites / syncretism (temple prostitution. Incorporating Canaanites feasts, building temples and shrines.
(iv) The suffering of the Israelites in their land through calamities (e.g. drought)
(v) Gods punishment of the Israelites/the exile to Assyria.
(vi) the rise of prophets who spoke of hope / restoration of the remnant.
- The teachings of Jesus in the parables of the lost sheep and lost coin.
(i) Jesus came to save all from their infirmities/ ailments/sicknesses
(ii) He was the son of God
(iii) Healed people who had faith in Him
(iv) He healed through command
(v) Christians should be grateful to God for the blessings he bestows upon them
(vi) Christian should forgive one another
(vii) Christian should go out and seek for sinners. 5×1=5mks
- Lessons learnt from the healing of Bartimaeus the blind beggar
(i) Jesus came to save all from their infirmities/ailments/sicknesses
(ii) He was the son of God.
(iii) He healed people who had faith in Him
(iv) He healed through command
(v) Christians should be grateful to god for the blessings he bestows upon them.
(vi) Christians should always seek God
(vii) Christians should not stop those who seek God/be a stumbling block to those who seek God.
5 x 1= 5mks
- The teaching about Jesus from the cure of paralytic.
(i) Jesus was a teacher
(ii) He had power of the Lord to heal
(iii) People had faith in him
(iv) He was able to forgives sins
(v) He was accused of blasphemy by the Jewish religious leaders.
(vi) He had authority over sins and sickness.
(vii) Jesus was sought by crowds who wanted to be healed.
(ix) He had ability to read/ know people’s thoughts
(x) He healed by word of mouth
(xi) He was praised by people for his mighty deeds.
5×1 = 5mks
- The events that took place following Jesus’ death
(i) There was darkness from twelve non to three o’clock
(ii) the curtain of the temple was torn into two
(iii) Jesus cried out with a loud voice ‘father into Thy hands I commit my spirit’
(iv) Jesus’ body was laid by Joseph of Arimathea in a new tomb
(v) The army officer who was present was a good man/ innocent/ son of god
(vi) Those who had followed Jesus went away in great sorrow
(vii) There was an earthquake / rocks split/ tombs opened /the dead resurrected
(viii) Jesus’ body was removed from the cross
(ix) One of the soldier s divided Jesus garments and casted lost on his tunic
(x) The soldiers divided Jesus garment sand casted lot on his tunic
(xi) Jesus handed over his mother to the beloved disciple, who took her to his home.
5 x 1=5mks
- The qualities of an apostle in the early Church
(i) He was called/appointed by God
(ii) He was to be prepared to persevere/ suffer for Christ.
(iii) Be ready to forgive those who persecute/no retaliation
(iv) He was to humble /avoid pride
(v) strive to win converts for the Lord
(vi) Be loyal /teach Christian principles/ doctrines
(vii) Commit one’s life to the course and work of Christ
(viii) Depend on God for provision and wisdom
(ix) Rely on the Holy Spirit for interpretation/ revelation/inspiration.
5 x1=5mks
- Activities a modern Christian can perform in order to be considered a true follower of Christ
- Take a vocation/ do work whose benefits are minimal –even when there is a better alternative.
- Spreading the gospel in remote places/under difficult circumstances/ persevering persecution.
- Witnessing through work (e.g. teaching, medical, social work)
- Guiding and counseling people in understanding God’s message/interpreting God’s blessings/guidance.
- Setting good example / role models
- Praying for God’s blessing/guidance
- Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes)
- Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes)
- Keeping to the teachings of Jesus Christ.
5 x1 =5mks.
- Factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today.
- The worship of god / a supreme being.
- Belief in common ancestry/ origin
- Sharing of material thins with the less endowed/ giving moral support in times-of need.
- Adopting positive attitude towards work/communal work
- Citizens have an obligation to obey the laws /rules of the country.
- Developing and practicing acceptable leisure activities.
- Conservation natural resources/land / environment /water/minerals
- Promotion of a common language for easy/effective communication.
- Respecting other people’s cultures.
- Shunning practices that are incompatible with Christian values
- Sharing respect for leaders/elders.
5×1=5mks.
- The importance of initiation rites in Africa Traditional communities
- Promote the youth into adulthood
- Provided a learning forum for the youth to know the societies idea/ ideals.
- Used as a method of preserving between the initiaties and the sponsor/age sets.
- Used as a method of preserving between the society’s cultural heritage.
- Enhanced a bond friendship/unity among the initiates
- It made one a full member of the community / created a sense of belonging
- One had the right to own property/ marry
- Created a strong relationship between the initiates and sponsors/age sets.
- Ways Christian spread the gospel of Jesus today.
- Use of mass media/radio/television
- Missionary activities such as crusades/rallies seminars/evangelism
- Preaching in churches/schools/colleges
- Administering sacraments in the church as baptism/marriage
- Giving tithe/ offerings/sponsoring preachers
- Living exemplary lives/Being role models/living according to Christian virtues/charitable deeds- e.g. visiting prison, hospitals. Etc.
- Why marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant.
- Should be permanent /breaking of the marriage had serious consequences
- Its binding/the couple/family /clans all who were separate before
- Ceremonies are conducted where the concerned couple/family/clan take vows promising loyalty to each other.
- Exchange of gifts/as a sing of lasting relationship/ cement the relationship
- Certain conditions have to be fulfilled such as payment of dowry/bearing of children
- Gods/spirit are evoked to bless and protect the marriage/prayers are offered to God
- There are witnesses i.e. families/friends
- There is sharing of a meal/ceremony to express unity/friendship
- Five responsibilities of priests in traditional African communities
- They offered sacrifices on behalf of the communities
- Acted as mediators between God and the people
- Offered prayers during religious ceremonies such as birth/initiation/marriage/death/war
- Performed rituals of cleansing/healing
- Reconciled warring parties/peace makers
- Were part of decision making body especially during calamities such as war/epidemics/drought
- Foretold the future/warned people of impending danger/calamities.
- Reasons why taboos were important in traditional African communities
- Guided people on moral behavior/discipline
- Outlined social relationships/kinship ties
- Faster respect for elders/leaders
- Maintenance of respect for God
- Help in maintenance of dignity/integrity.
- Guided on acceptable eating habits/discourages vices such as gluttonness, greediness etc
- Create harmony/maintain law and order/promoted peace in society.
- Why a Christian should not resort to strike action as a way of presenting grievances.
- Shows disobedience to lawful institutional authority which is against biblical teachings.
- Leads to waste of time and resources
- Disrupts peaceful working atmosphere
- Could lead to destruction of property
- May lead to loss of life which against God’s commandments
- May lead to sacking/unemployment/suffering of the individuals and their dependants
- Leads to bitterness/hatred/frustrations/revenge.
- Why taking of alcohol as a way spending leisure is condemned
- Lead to conflicts/squirrels within the family
- Misuse of family resources/wealth
- May lead to alcoholism/addiction
- Leads to irresponsible sexual behaviours such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
- Could lead loss of means of livelihood/loss of income
- May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to divorce/separation/crimes etc
- May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to divorce/separation/crimes etc
- Leads to accidents such motor accidents.
- Five reasons which motivate Christians to take vows in marriage
(i) If the preacher glorifies himself more than God
(ii) If the preacher is imposter
(iii) If the preacher enriches himself in the expenses of the
congregation
(iv) If the preacher is an imposer
(v) If the preacher tries to force truth into their lives
(vi) The preacher’s message (sermon) may contradict their beliefs
(vii) If the preacher is not sensitive to their needs
THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/2 1998 MARKING SCHEME
1.a) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exile
- Through animal sacrifices
- Through offerings
- By observing religious ritual (e.g. presentation/circumcision)
- By keeping the Sabbath Day.
- By keeping/observing the Ten commandments
- Through prayer/song/dance
- By Commemorating God’s saving deeds/ religious festivals/ feasts.
- By regarding God as their king / ruler /by obeying the earthly kings who were regarded as special representatives of God.
- By building places of worship where they prayed to God/ listened to his teachings.
- By following the teachings of the prophets.
- Honouring the temples as a sacred place where the ark of the covenant was kept
- By respecting the Leviticus priest.
5×2=10mks.
- b) Why worship was condemned in the Old Testament
- People became concerned with the external practices/observances /their hearts far from God/hypocrisy.
- People broke the Ten Commandments/disobeyed God’s commands.
- Religion became too commercialized/money could be used to buy favous from God./hypocrisy.
- People forgot the saving works of God/worshiped foreign gods (e.g. Baal, Sherah /Idols)
- The poor were hated/despised/considered outcasts.
- The widows/orphans were neglected.
- People believed in false prophets prophecies.
- People practiced syncretism.
- c) Why children should be introduced to the worship of God
- To create in them an awareness of God/ creation of the universe/man
- To learn the true teachings of their church.
- To familiarize themselves with the religious practices of their church/sacramental life of the church.
- To learn to trust/obey God give themselves to God.
- To learn the prayers /songs of worship.
- To enable them become members of the church
- To initiate the example of Christ.
- To give them a sense of belonging to the Christian community.
5×1= 5mks.
2 a) Areas of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish religious leaders.
(i) The Sabbath- The law said no work should be done on the Sabbath day BUT, Jesus healed on the Sabbath healed on the Sabbath declaring that he is the of the Sabbath (saving human life is more important than keeping the laws of the Sabbath).
(ii) The divinity of Jesus- Jesus claimed to be equal to God (The father and
I are one” )/ He had the power to forgive sins. But the Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners/outcasts- The Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners who are outcasts.
(iii) Jesus association with sinners/outcasts-The Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners who are outcasts.
(iv) Jesus teachings- Jesus directly condemned the religious practices of the Pharisees/He called them blind leaders/hypocrites/white washed tombs, But this abuse ultimately brought hatred for Jesus (He spoke of destroying the temple and rebuilding it in three days)/ any other relevant teaching.
(v) Jesus claim to be a Mesiah – The Pharisees expected a political conquering messiah. But Jesus stated that he was humble serving Messiah/ His concern was for the spiritual kingdom (as a result the Pharisees were confused and could not read and interpret the signs of the time).
(vi) The popularity of Jesus brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders who were afraid of losing their own authority.
(vii) Jesus failure to observe the traditions of elders (e.g fasting /not washing hand before meals).
(viii) Jesus style of doing things e.g cleansing the temple/ teaching with authority brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders.
Note: THE CONFLICT HAS TO BE SHOWN
6 X2= 12MKS
(b) Causes of Conflicts between the young and the old
- Church leadership – The young want to have say in church affairs/decision making
- Church worship- the young may consider some forms of worship dull/out of date/they may want to introduce new forms of worship e.g dance.
- Religious beliefs- some are considered outdated.
- Church teachings- Failure of the young people to observe certain church teaching (e.g sex before marriage/love of the church leaders may be pretenders- therefore the youth lack role models.
- Hypocrisy – some of the church leaders may be too autocratic/intolerant to the opinions of the young.
- Lack of democracy – the church leaders may be too autocratic/intolerant to the opinions of the young.
- Permissiveness in society/loss of Christian values
- Family conflicts leading to loss of respect/confidence.
- Loss of faith in God’s workshop/loss of patience.
- Manner of dress-Some churches don’t accept modern fashions.
4 x2 =8mks
(c) Ways of resolving misunderstandings
(i) Through prayers to bring about proper understanding .
(ii) By committing the children to God’s will/surrender them to God.
(iii) By advising them/ Providing guidance and counseling.
(iv) seeking help from church leaders/ priests/pastors.
(v) By listening to their views/making fair/Frank judgements.
(vi) By bing open to hem/present them with the correct picture of the situation.
(vii) By setting a good example to them/being role models.
(5 x 1 =5 mks)
- (a) Paul’s teaching on responsibility for others according to Galatians
6:1-10
(i) Correcting wrong doers gently.
(ii) Sharing one another’s problems/burdens.
(iii) Avoiding boastful behaviour that may discourage other in faith/self righteousness.
(iv) Taking care that one does not fall into temptation lest one becomes a stumbling block to the brethren.
(v) Everyone will be responsible for his/her spiritual life/problems
(vi) There should be fellowship between the teacher and the learner.
(vii) Whoever sows evel will be punished/whoever sows good will be rewarded.
(ix) Be honest to God for He is not mocked.
(b) Difficulties to harmonious living in Christian families today.
- Unfaithfulness/promiscuity
- Misuse of family resources/lack of resources.
- Child-abuse (e.g. beating/raping/incest/favoritism).
- Alcoholism/drug abuse.
- Separation of family members (e.g. due to wage/labour/education)
- Denial of conjugal rights.
- Sickness (e.g. AIDS/ cancer/impotence /barrens )
- Child delinquency
- Lack of tolerance/forgiveness/cruelty.
- Greed for wealth/self esteem/prestige/professionalism.
- Religious fanaticism/denominational difference.
- Traditional/cultural inhibitions/influence.
- Peer group influence/pressure western influence/permissiveness.
- Generation gap
(c) Ways in which the church strengthens family relationship today.
- Through guidance and counseling /mediation.
- Hold seminars/conferences/etc for couples/children/the youth.
- Through publications on Christian living (e.g. magazines/books/ pamphlets).
- Use of mass –media (radio/videos/television).
- Through preaching/teaching /condemning vices
- Through offering pastoral care in homes/house visits.
- Giving financial support to the needy families
- Praying for the families.
- Offering employment to the jobless.
- Providing vocational training /skills.
7×1 =7mks.
- a) How wealth acquired in African Traditional Societies.
- Bride price was given as a token of appreciation to the girl’s parents.
- Trough barter trade (exchange of commodities/ goods).
- Through inheritance of property from parents /guardians/relatives
- Gifts were given in appreciation of talents/goods conduct/loyalty.
- Through warfare/raids
- Through marrying many wives/getting many children who provided labour force.
- Through use of skills like tool making/weaving /pottery/ welding (they were able to produce goods for exchange).
- Those with talents like medicine men/dividers/rainmakers sold there services.
- Those who worked hard (e.g through clearing forest/breading of verging land enriched themselves.
- b) Ways through which money economy has undermined the principles of Christian living.
- There is the use of corruption/bribery/giving false witness/other immoral practices.
- People are discriminated against because of poverty
- There is power struggle to acquire wealth/riches to protect it.
- Wage labour has undermined the family unit
- People sell family land and end up living as squatters/labourers on the very land.
- There is the rise of individualism/unwillingness to share.
- Dependence on foreign aid/donations/has undermined the virtue of hard work to earn a living..
- Development of class system in Africa.
- There is rural-urban migration leading to weakness in the family unit
- Bride price/ marriage has been commercialized thus undermining love/equality in the home.
- Struggle to acquire wealth has undermined commitment to God/worship of God.
- c) Proper use of wealth
- Through financing the spread of the Gospel.
- Contributions towards the construction of hospitals/schools/churches/homes for the old/destitute/disabled/rehabilitation centers.
- Provision of formal education
- Provision of professional training.
- Provision of technical training
- Giving famine relief (e.g. to the drought stricken areas etc)
- Provision of social services/amenities to the needy.
- Giving arms to the poor /sharing /helping others/needy.
- Giving tithes/offerings
- Providing for the family needs.
8x 1=8mks.
- (a) Effects of Christianity on Traditional African communities in Kenya by 1914
- It encouraged monogamy therefore many women remained unmarried.
- It led to the disintegration of communal life of the Africans/encouraged individualism
- The role of African specialists/leaders/medicine men/prophets/midwives/elders declined.
- Africans lost land to missionaries for mission stations.
- It led to the discouragement of African Religious practices/beliefs.
- The life span was lengthened due to the introduction of healthy services.
- It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans literate /acquire white collar jobs.
- It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans skills (e.g. agricultural skills).
- Some Africans were made to despise some practices which were considered harmful (e.g. female circumcision/tattooing /killing of twins).
- African started accepting the idea of universal God/converted to Christianity.
- Africans were enlightened about their rights
(EFFECTS TO COME OUT CLEARLY)
8 X 2 =16 MKS.
(b) Government’s contribution towards the evangelization process
- The Kenya constitution guarantees freedom of worship.
- The government provides a peaceful environment by maintaining law and order
- Provision of infrastructure for ease of accessibility.
- Allowing Christian Religious Education t be included in the curriculum
- Training/offering employment to Christian Religious Education teachers.
- Helping in the construction of churches/Christian run schools/hospitals seminars/conferences/ worship.
- The government allows her institutions to be used as venues for seminars /conferences/worship.
- Allowing churches to be sponsors/control their sponsored institutions.
- The government sets aside land for church construction.
- Allowing the use of mass media (e.g. radio/television/magazines/pamphlets) to popularize church activities/evangelization.
- The government allows evangelists from other countries to come and preach/win converts for Christ/allowing Kenyans to go to foreign countries for theological training.
- Christian holidays are incorporated in the national calendar (e.g Easter/Chrismas)
- The government officials are invited to attend opening/closing of Christian functions as a way of boosting their morale.
- Christian leaders are invited to pray in official functions/national anthem proceeds official openings.
6 a) The cost of discipleship among the early Christians in Africa.
- Be ready to cut off family ties
- Denouncing of previous faith/beliefs.
- Supporting one another in all situations/circumstances.
- Shunning away from material wealth.
- Accepting Jesus under any circumstances
- Ready to suffer/die for Jesus sake.
- Being firm in faith
- No fear of earthly authority.
- Should not fight back when provoked.
- To co-exist with others regardless of status /education.
- Being –joyous when persecuted.
- Encouraging new converts in the faith not to fear for persecution.
- Loving one another.
9 x 1 =9mks
(b) Why some Christians are opposed to women leadership in the Church today.
- The woman was the first to fall into sin in the story of Adam and Eve
- According to Old Testament teachings, the woman was considered ritually unclean during her monthly flow.
- Due to African/Jewish cultural influence where women were considered lesser beings.
- Due to the misinterpretation of the second account of the creation story where a woman was created after man an therefore belie fed to the inferior/subordinate to man/misinterpretation of the Bible.
- God is referred to as a He (man) and therefore men are held closer to Him in comparison to women.
- Inability of women to carryout duties continuously due to interruption (e.g. pregnancy/ child birth/marital obligations.)
- Inability o women to work under strenuous conditions/circumstances.
- Basing on St. Paul’s teaching where he says tat women should be silent in church (1 Corinthians 14: 34-36)
- The argument is based on the choosing of the twelve apostles by Jesus Christ who were all men.
- Basing on Pauline teaching about the appointment of the bishops/deacons in the early church.
(c) Ways through which women leadership is promoted in the church today
- Providing education for women/sanitizing women on their rights.
- Training women on various church ministries.
- In some churches, women are ordained as pastors/reverends/elders.
- Involving them in teaching/preaching the gospel.
- Women are appointed as leaders in church organizations/activities (e.g. Mothers union/giving sacraments/women ‘s guild/community fellowships).
- They take leadership roles in the Guidance and Counseling of the youth/church members.
- The church allows women to initiate manage self help projects for the needy (e.g health/famine relief).
- They are made in charge of the community based programmes (e.g. health /famine relief).
(ix) Training women in management skills/key positions/policy makers in the society.
6x 1 =6mks.
Christian Religious Education Paper 313/1 1999
- Lessons that Christians learn from the call of Moses
- God commissions/appoints people to perform certain tasks/chooses or works through people of his choice.
- God does not give people impossible tasks
- God is beyond human understanding/transcendent
- God responds to the cry of his people when they call upon Him
- God is almighty/all powerful/Omnipresent and Omniscience/all knowing/Holy/ Pure
- God punishes the enemies of his people. (5mks)
- Activities of King Jeroboam that made Israelites in the Northern Kingdom turn away from God.
- Made images/golden calf’s /idols to represent Yahweh
- Made Dan and Bethel as centre of worship
- Stopped the Israelites from going to worship in Jerusalem which was against the law.
- He build other places of idol worship/high places/hilltops/shrines
- He chooses priests who did not belong to the family of Levi.
- He instituted religious festivals unlike those found in Judah
- He himself worshipped idols. (5mks)
- Failures prophet Micah condemned Israel’s leaders for
- False prophets who prophesied peace when god judgment was near/impending judgment
- Murder of the people/elimination of opponents through murder
- Judges were corrupt/received bribes/injustice
- Priests served people for money/pay
- Oppression of the poor by those in power
- Unjust rule/exploitation/stealing/lust for money. (5mks)
- Responses to God’s call Jeremiah 4:4-19
- He was hesitant/immature due to age (young)
- He was not ready
- Did not know how to speak
- He had dialogue with God/talked to God
- He saw two visions that changed his attitude towards God’s mission for Him
- He accepted to be sent. (5mks)
- Jewish ceremonies that Jesus was involved in
- Circumcision
- Naming
- Baptism.
- Presentation in the temple/ dedication/purification/redeemed.
- Visit to the temple in Jerusalem during the Passover at the age of twelve.
- Celebrated the Passover with the twelve disciples/ last supper
- He participated in the feast of the Tabernacles (John 7:1 -10)
5×1=5mks
- Reasons why Jesus was rejected in Nazareth
- He annoyed the people by telling them that their forefathers rejected God’s prophets.
- He failed to perform the kind of miracles that he had performed in Capernaum.
- He told the people that prophets are ignored in their own country.
- He declared that he had come to fulfill Isaiah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah.
- He was the son of Joseph
- He healed on the Sabbath.
5* 1 = 5mks.
- Lessons Christians learn from the reply to the Sadducees question on the resurrection.
- In life after death there is no marriage/no husband-wife relationship
- They should live with a hope for a better future.
- God is the god of the living
- Through resurrection Christians become sons of god
- After resurrection there is no death/immortality.
- The righteous will recurrent and live eternally.
- At resurrection Christians are like angles.
5×1=5mks.
- Teachings of Jesus from beatitudes
- The poor in spirit shall inherit the kingdom of God.
- They should live with a hope for a better future.
- God is the God of the living
- Through resurrection there is no death/immorality.
- The righteous will resurrect and live eternally.
- At resurrection Christians are like angles
5×1=5mks
- Five teaching of Jesus on the cost of discipleship
- Take up the cross and follow Jesus. /Be ready to suffer.
- Be ready to die for the sake of the kingdom
- Should not be ashamed of Jesus.
- Follow him without expecting material gains.
- Let the dead bury their dead/be ready to proclaim the kingdom.
- Should not look back/nobody who takes the plough and looks back is fit for the kingdom.
- Separate yourself from even family members/be fully committed.
- Five lessons a Christian can learn from Ananias and sapphire in Acts of the Apostles.
- Honesty should be observed /faithfulness is important Acts 5: 1-11)
- Lying should be avoided
- Christians should be willing to share their property with others/should not be selfish/greedy
- Christians should resist temptation.
- Sin can results to death/suffering . / God will not compromise with evil
- Sins bring fear
- Christians should not be influenced by others to commit sin/evil
- Christians should not test God
- /Holy spirit /God sees everything
- Christians should speak against evil.
5×1= 5mks
- Occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African communities.
- Breaking a new ground
- Planting seasons
- In times of crisis such as drought/epidermic/persistent diseases.
- Rites of passage e.g naming /birth.
- When preparing warriors for war.
- When breaking a curse.
- After abundant harvest. / in thanksgiving.
- At day-break and sunset.
- Before setting off on a journey
- Installation of leaders.
5×1= 5mks.
- Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.
There was dancing /singing for the new life.
- The new born was praised/ blessed.
- There was feasting and celebrations
- The father received praises.
- There were ululations whose numbers was determined by the sex of the child.
- Children were given names.
- The mother’s hair was shave./ cleansing of the mother.
- The mother and baby were kept in seclusion.
- Protective were given to the child/mother
5×1=5mks
13 Ways in which the Africans sought reconciliation with God.
- Through prayers
- Through invoking the name of God
- Pouring libations to the ancestors.
- Offering sacrifices
- Singing /dancing to God
- Visiting the sacred places
- Helping the less fortunate in the community
- Giving offerings /gifts.
- Reciting/chanting the names of the ancestors.
- Approaching God through the mediators e.g. diviners
- Cleansing wrongdoers/abstaining from various practices.
5×1=5mks.
- Factors that have affected traditional African Education System
- Introduction of modern technology
- Introduction of western education/schools
- The coming of Christian missionaries.
- The establishment of a colonial rule/ new systems of government.
- Growth of urban centres/urbanization.
- Rural –urban migration.
- Rural-rural migration.
- Western culture/westernization.
- Money culture/economy.
5×1=5mks
- How the gifts of the holy spirit have been abused in the church today.
- Cheating that one has a certain gift of the holy spirit /pretence.
- Commercialization of the gifts/people are asked to pay money before being prayed for /healed.
- False interpretation of the bible/prophesy/predicting the future.
- Unscrupulous Christians may impart demoniac powers on innocent faithful.
- Some Christians who possess the gifts of the Holy Spirit develop pride/superiority complex.
- Wrong use of the gifts of the Holy spirit where faithful get into eccsy/trance which may lead t injuries.
- Distinguishing oneself as a person with a special call/preacher with an intention of exploiting others
5×1= 5mks
- The use of print media in spreading the gospel
- Reading the bible /Christians literature/studying.
- Teaching using C.R.E textbooks.
- Selling magazines with Christian messages
- Advertising Christian issues in newspapers/printing Christian newspapers.
- Distributing Christian pamphlets /newsletters/giving the printed material free.
- Illustrating Christian messages using the Bible Atlas
- Use of encyclopedia to explain /interpret Christian terminologies/ bible dictionary.
- Displaying posters with Christian messages.
- Imprinting Christian messages on various objects/items/clothes
- Translating print media into local languages to reach most people
5×5 =5mks
17 Ways Christians demonstrate obedience to Jesus’ command to love one’s neighbour
- Praying of one another
- Being role models/living exemplary life/witness good virtues.
- Fellowships with one another by forgiving one another.
- Helping one another in various duties
- Sharing items with one another
- Consoling the needy/guiding and counseling those in problems
- Avoid hurting others either physically or emotionally. (5mks)
- Problems resulted from freedom of worship in Kenya today
- Rise of state church conflicts
- Many churches have sprung up whose main aim is material gain
- Leading to confusion due to different interpretations of the scripture/some Christians many five up their faith completely due to confusion.
- Misuse of resources due to duplication of churches activities.
- Open conflict between leaders and the public due to different modes of worship
- Has led to mergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
- Ways which forced reduction of employees affect the Christian family in Kenya today.
- May lead/ give room to temptations/immorality
- May lead to separation of families/disrupt the family unit
- May lead to poverty overstretching of family resources
- May lead to ill health/depression/ stress/death
- May lead to change of family roles.
- If one is paid any dues, if well invested may lead to prosperity
- May lead to pride due to the large sum of money acquired
- May lead to irresponsibility/ negligence of duty.
- Why Christians should obey the laws of their country
- In order to maintain peace/harmony
- To as to imitate Jesus Christ emulate Jesus
- To promote justice in society
- To be role models/live exemplary lives
- Avoid punishment/avoid crimes
- Its Christians duty to respect the authority.
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION 313/2 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
MARKINGS SCHEME/1999
- a) Ways in which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God
- By abandoning the idol worship (moon god) to serve Yahweh the true God
- By accepting to leave Haran to unknown land
- By building alters at Bethel/Shechen in honour God
- By accepting circumcision as a sign of the covenant (He got circumcised/his servants were circumcised/so was his son.
- By sacrificising the animals in the covenant making
- By accepting to change their names (Abram to Abraham as the father of the great nation, Sarai Sarah as the mother of the great nations.
- By agreeing to sacrifice his son Isaac.
- By worshiping god he prayed/sacrificed to god/interceded.
- By believing in the fulfillment of God’s promises
- By making a covenant with God. 6×1=6mks
- b) Ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their faith in Jesus.
- They accepted Jesus as their teacher/Rabbi/ Messiah/son of God /Christ
- They accompanied Jesus /Went with Him from place of place/Left every thing and followed Him
- They accepted (The mission of the twelve/ seventy two/miracles of the disciples.
- They accepted miracles of Jesus.
- They accepted miracles of Jesus.
- Peter walked on water
- Invited Jesus to their home (peter/Levi)
- Two of his disciples accepted/believe in Jesuss teachings
- Two of his disciples brought a donkey for His triumphant entry into Jerusalem
- Peter confessed that Jesus/Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter was ready to die.
- The disciples were ready to defend Jesus/ Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter was ready to die.
- The disciples accepted/believe in Jesus teachings
- John took care of Jesus’ mother after His death
- They were happy/believed when He resurrected
- They waited in Jerusalem for the Holy Spirit as promised by Jesus..
(c) Reasons to why Christians should trust in god in their daily lives.
(i) God is the creator/gives life
(ii) He is all powerful/Almighty /Omnipotent
(iii) God is Omnipresent/ He is everywhere
(iv) God is Omniscient/ All knowing
(v) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trust
(vi) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trustworthy
(vii) He is a judge
(viii) God is the King/Lord/ruler
(ix) He is true god/Only one to be worship
(x) He is true God/Only one to be worshipped.
- xi) He loves
xii) God is just/punishes sin/rewards good
- xv) He is protector/overcomes temptation/not afraid
xvi) He is the controller of the universe 7×1 = 7mks
2a) How King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life
- He married Canaanite wives/foreign wives.
- He disobeyed God’s command of not worshipping the Canaanite gods.
- He did not observe the brotherhood law (When he taxed the Israelites heavily for the upkeep of the foreign wives.
- He disregard the advice of god’s prophets when he built worship places for false gods.
- By signing trade and marriage agreements with his neigbours, hence relying on human beings other than God/ selling of the cities.
- He disobeyed the instructions from his father, David that he should relay on God only.
- He subjected the Israelites to forced labour/oppression/slavery in the construction of the temple/the place.
- He murdered his half brother (adonija) who he thought would be his rival in power.
6×1=6mks.
- b) How the Israelites were encouraged to live in hope during the Babylonian exile
- Jeremiah taught that the Israelites would be restored
- When they came back from exile, they would prosper
- They would have fair/just rules
- They would live in peace
- God would increase their number by them having many children/encouraged to marry/get children.
- They would worship Him alone/They would be His people / He would be their God.
- They would live forever in the land God would give them
- God would give them a king from David’s lineage who would rule wisely.
- The exile suffering would no last for ever/god had good plans for them/exiles is God’s plan.
- People would cry to God/he would answer their prayers
- The Law will be written in their hearts
- They will know God individually
- Their sins will be forgiven
- Individuals will be responsible for their own sins
- Jeremiah encouraged them to build houses/plants gardens so as to prosper.
- Jeremiah’s purchase of land spelt for the future
5×2=10mks.
(c) Activities that the church engage in to demonstrate love for others
- Pastoral care/counseling (visits- in general terms.
- Giving offering/tithes
- Worshipping together/fellowships
- Praying for one another/faith healing
- Preaching/evangelizing
- By baptizing/confirming converts/other sacraments
- Giving education/training so as to improve living standards
- Condemnation of evil
- Opening of money generating projects to assist those in need/offering employment.
- Involvement in Harambee projects
- Providing affordable medical care
- Homes for destitute/orphaned children /aged
- Provide water for digging boreholes/in the arid semi arid areas
- Relief food /clothes/sharing resources/arms/ work of charity / helping the needy
- Visiting the sick in hospitals/homes
3 a) Examples from the life the life Ministry of Jesus which show how he tried to promote social equality.
- Though Jesus was God/divine son of God, he was born of ordinary peasant parents(Mary and Joseph)
- Jesus was born in a stable/manger.
- Jesus’ birth was first revealed to shepherds (who were ordinary people)/ not fist revealed to the priests in the temple/he was visited by the shepherds.
- Lived ordinary life of a Jewish child (by undergoing the Jewish rites of passage/assisting his parents).
- Though he was not a sinner, he was baptized by John the Baptist like all who sought repentance of sin.
- He selected His disciples from low/high states e.g son of Zebedee- James and John who were of high status and all other were of high status and all other were of low status.
- He preached he message to all – Jews /gentiles/ Poor/ Rich etc
- He called everybody to repentance/forgave all Hews/gentiles/poor/rich /etc
- He healed all Jews/ gentiles/great/might low
- He mixed with all- rich/poor/famous/ordinary people/criminals/children etc
- He reinstated the status of a woman as a helper not as subordinate to a man – any other relevant example
- In his parables, he used daily experiences from different life situations to address the audience-any parapable of Jesus
- He was falsely accused like some people who suffer unjustly/crucified with other criminals.
- He died like everybody else
- He condemned evil doers irrespective of status /oppression
6 x2= 12mks
(b) How the disciples reacted to the use of parables in his teachings
- They were surprised/amazed at the meaning/did not understand/reasons for the use parables.
- They failed to understand the message of some of the parables
- They understood some parables clearly (especially about religious practices fo the Pharisees/pries.
- They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his wisdom
- They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his wisdom
- They enjoyed listening Jesus parables
- They felt challenged by Jesus’ parables
5×1=5mks
4 a) Activities which demonstrate that Jesus is a worker
- Preaching /teaching in synagogues/allover the country/ministering
- Healing the sick/healing the blind man/any other miracles of healing
- Raising the dead of life-The raising of Jairus daughter (any other miracles of raising).
- Praying /prayed to God the father
- Feeding in the people e.g. He fed the five thousands/wedding in Cana.
- Being a carpenter/he assisted his father
- Identify with workers by drawing examples of parables/allegories from the world of work-parable of the sower /any other relevant example
- Washing the disciples feet during the last supper
- Calming the storm (any other nature miracles e.g walking on water/cursing the fig tree.
- Fishing /Jesus wet fishing with his disciples (John 21:5-6)
- Judging cases-the woman caught in adultery (John 8) forgiving sins of paralytic
- Training instructor-He trained the disciples on how to carry out their work/the mission of the seventy two (72)
- Leadership-appointment/commissioning of the disciples/apostles looking for disciples 7×2=14mks.
(b) Reasons why people work in traditional African communities
- To meet/satisfy their basic needs (food/clothing/shelter/any other example.
- Divinely ordained to get blessings from God/the ancestors/religious/role/duty tradition
- For community welfare (people work of the good of other/the family/extended family community.
- For socialization (People work together/sing together/ eat together/communally/in unity/as they work.
- As a duty everybody must work
- To demonstrate special skills (as artisans/porters/rain makers/black smith etc
- To raise one’s status / positions (the harder the works the more the wealth Prestige. 5×1=5mks
(c) Factors a Christian should consider when choosing a career
- Ability- academic/physical/ a person should have the knowledge skills/capability and strength to perform the tasks involved.
- Inclination attitude-should have a positive attitude towards the career
- Call- One should have the desire to serve god/community through the task/glory to God.
- Talent-One should consider their inborn/natural abilities
- Enjoyable-convenience-One has to choose a profession that one would to serve is not boring.
- Remuneration-It should meet ones basic needs in life/job opportunity relevant job
- A career that would help one to promote virtues in society.
- The individuals should be able to observe the professional code/honesty/punctuality etc.
- The career should provide opportunities for one to develop to maturity provide job security. 6×1=6Marks
5 a) Teaching of the New Testament about Children
- Parents are to take care of their children/love/value/treasure them.
- Children are innocent/ blameless.
- Children are humble /humility
- Parents are to teach their children about God.
- Children are to obey their parents in the home.
- They are to help their parents in the home.
- They are to help their parents in the home.
- Parents should discipline their children.
- Children should respect their parents/honour.
- Children should be able to enjoy their rights (life/basic requirements/condemn abortion/do not kill
- Children should be brought up in a family. 9×1=9mks
- b) Ways in which traditional African Communities show respect for the unborn child
- The expectant mother is given charms to wear to protect he the unborn child from harm.
- The expectant mother is exempted from heavy work
- The expectant mother observes certain taboos/avoiding certain foods people/places regulations.
- The expectant mother is given special food
- The expectant mother is checked occasionally/advised by traditional midwives
- prayers/sacrifices/Libations are given for protection/consultation of medicine men/priest etc
- Conjugal rights/sexual intercourse is not allowed during pregnancy.
- Herbs/medicines is administered to the expectant mother.
- there should be no harmful implements in the house/compound where the expectant mothers lives
- Expectant mother should not treated cruelly.
6×1= 6mks
- c) Ways in which a child learns to be part of the community
- The are taught the basic rules/customs.
- They are told about the history of the family/clan/community
- They are exposed to songs /dances.
- By listening to stories/myths/tales/riddles/proverbs/from elders
- Playing their roles in society/hunting/collecting fire wood/practically.
5 x 2 = 10Marks.
- (a) Methods used by the missionaries to win converts
- Use of education- Where the Africans were able to read and write/ read the Bible/catechism.
- Use of gifts-Sugar/food/clothes) Charity.
- Use of medical assistance/service thus winning the African favour.
- Teaching Africans new agricultural skills.
- Teaching Africans technical skills.
- Construction of worshipping place
- Befriending the local rules (e.g chiefs/headmen)
- the missionaries learnt the local languages of the people.
- they translated parts of the bile Hymns/Creeds into local languages.
- They used advanced technology when preaching (radio/newspapers/books etc)
- They were friendly in their approach/defended African interests against colonialists.
- They encouraged worship in local languages/tolerated certain African interests against colonialists.
- They use the local people in the church as elders/lay leaders/priests/catechists.
- they rehabilitated feed slaves/outcasts.
- they offered employment to converts.
- Missionaries denied certain services as an indirect force so as to win converts.
8×2= 16mks
(b) Factors that led to the increase of Christian denomination in Kenya.
- Desire to be free from missionary control
- Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power
- Difference in biblical interpretations/teachings.
- Resistance to change by older members of the church
- Lack of good example/role model/corruption
- Rise of revival movement that emphasize the work of the Holy Spirit/spiritual pride.
- Disagreements on the mode of worship (rituals)
- Tribalism/clanism/nepotism/sectionalism/Social class/racism
- Search for spiritual satisfaction/growth.
- Search for spiritual satisfaction/growth.
- Freedom of worship guaranteed in the Kenyan constitution.
- Permissiveness in society.
- For material gains/greed/selfishness/money
9×1= 9mks
C.R.E PAPER 131/1-YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME
- Promises that God made to Abraham
- Abraham would be the father of a great nation/many descendants/many children
- Abraham would receive personal blessings-will die in peace
- Abraham will receive honour /he will have many descendants.
- Abraham will receive personal reputation/his name would be made great
- Abraham would receive personal reputation/his name would be made great
- All those that bless Abraham would be cursed/God would protect Abraham.
- Abraham would be a source of blessings to his descendants/ God will rescue Abraham’s descendants.
- Through him all nations of the earth would be blessed.
- God would give Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan.
- The covenant would be everlasting.
- He promised Abraham a son/a heir through his wife Sarah.
5×1=5mks.
- Ways in which God revealed himself to the Israelites on Mt.Sinai
- Thunder and lightning.
- Fire/pillar of fire.
- Earthquake/the mountain trembled violently.
- Sound of trumpet that grew louder and louder.
- He spoke to Moses/through the ten commandments/through a voice
- Smoke
5×1-5mks
- Ways used by kings of Israel to bring the people back to God
- Destroyed the altars of God. (i.e Asherah poles)
- Set examples to the people by repenting their sins when warned by the prophets of heir wrongdoings by worshipping
- Killing the priests of Baal e.g Jehu
- Restoring temple worship e.g. David/captured the ark/taking the ark to Jerusalem.
- Removal of the covenant/they led the people in renewing their allegiance to Yawheh and the Sinai covenant e.g. Jehu and Josiah they renewed Jewish festivals.
- Repaired the temple/they made God’s dwelling place presentable and accorded it its due respect Hezekiah/build a temple e.g. Solomon.
- Destroyed the bronze serpent that Moses had made during the exodus for the Israelites had began worshipping it they burnt incense to it (Hezekiah of Judah 2 Kings 18:3)
- They did not form political alliances with neighbouring kings thus demonstrating to the people that God was to be completely trusted.
5×1=5mks
- Ways in which God used Hosea to show the Israelites that despite their sinfulness He still loved them
- Hosea preached that the punishment was for the purpose of restoration /God would destroy Israel but he would restore them to their former glory.
- Hosea told them that those who accept God’s punishment and endure it would receive his mercy.
- Hosea told them that God would forgive their sins and would not remember them.
- Hosea condemned idol worship and………..showing that God required faithfulness from the Israelites at all time/ God required total faithfulness.
- The remarrying of….by Hosea symbolized restoration thus the people were further assured of God’s promise.
- Change in the names of Hosea’s children showed for the people of Israel.
5×1=5mks.
- Events which took place the night Jesus was born
- There was census/Jesus parents went to Bethlehem for the census
- No room was available for Mary and Joseph to retire for the night/went to the cattle shed
- Shepherds were looking after the flocks
- Angels visited the shepherds and the magi to announce the birth/angels sang/glorified God
- The visitation of the shepherds and the magi to the place Jesus was (Bethlehem) /Brought gifts/glorified God. (5mks)
- Ways which John the Baptist prepared the way for the Mess
-
- Was a forerunner of Christ/prepared the way for the coming of the messiah
- Baptized Jesus in river Jordan
- Witnessed that Jesus was the messiah/lamb of God/son of God / the introduced Jesus to the crowd.
- Introduced Jesus to his disciples.
- Two of his disciples became Jesus disciples
- Preached repentance and forgiveness of sins/baptized those who repented .
- Warmed people of God’s coming judgment
- He acknowledged Jesus’ greatness /ascendancy over him
- Advised people to live Holy lives/do what is right /share with other
(5mks)
- Lessons learnt about the nature of Jesus from when he casted out a demon from a man
- Taught with authority
- Jesus is the Holy one of God/divine/Messiah/son of God
- He had power over demons/evil spirits/Satan
- He has concern and love for people
- He had power over Sabbath/He is the hard of Sabbath
- He is courageous
- He was a teacher
- His human nature is clear/ was from Nazareth.
- Lessons Christians learn from the parable of the prodigal son
- Christian should be ready to forgive one another
- Should repent ones sins
- Sin do separate us from God the source of true happiness
- There is rejoice in heaven/angels rejoice over repentant sinners
- Should not feel self-righteous
- Christians should accept/welcome repentant sinners
- Sin makes us loose human dignity
- Christians should not place their trust in materials wealth
- Characteristics of an apostle of Jesus Christ
- Called/chosen by Christ himself/commissioned by Christ
- Witness to Jesus’ teachings
- Ready to suffer persecutions/tribulations/suffering for Christ’s sake
- Practice self-denial
- Should live Christ like life.
- Should be filled by Holy spirit
- Preach the goodness/others about Christ
- One had to be a disciple of Christ
- Should go through baptism in the Holy trinity/baptize others.
- Why Christians should live in a community
- To profess/proclaim their faith
- To encourage and strengthen one another in the Lord/praying/worship together
- To become a new people of God/ spirit of brotherhood/separate themselves from non believers
- To emulate Christ who lived with his disciples
- To share their material belonging/assist the needy/solve problems together
- To dedicate themselves fully to God’s work/ to fellowship together.
- Missionary groups that established mission stations in Kenya between 1890-1904
- Church Missionary society (CMS)- Kabete 1904
- Holy Ghost Fathers 1890-91 (Mombasa)
- African Inland Mission (Kangundo 1902)
- Church of Scotland Mission (CSM), Kibwezi 1893
- SDA-Seventh Day Adventist
- Friends African Mission/Qauakers (Kaimosi 1903)
- LutheranChurch
- Consolate Fathers (Tutho And Nyeri 1902
- Factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christian Church in Kenya.
- Wanted to express Christianity in an African way
- Wanted greater role in the leadership and administration of the church/desirable leadership/prominence.
- Missionaries condemned the African cultures such as polygamy/female circumcision
- The literate African were able to read the Bible and made better interpretation/became enlightened thus felt the need to change.
- Bible translation created a desire to worship god in African way
- Realised that there was little or no difference between the missionaries and colonialists
- Wanted freedom from European domination
- Africans were not happy with the missionaries condemnation of their religious beliefs.
- The role of a Diviner
- Predicts future occurrences
- Warns against future calamities
- Advises counsels/guides on various issues
- Intercedes in times of calamities
- Heals those with various diseases and ailments
- Mediates between god/ ancestral/spirit and the people
- Judge/ presides over various cases in the community
- Interprets messages from the spirit world
- Comforts the sick and the depressed in the community
5 x1= 5mks
- Factors which led to the coming of missionaries to Kenya.
- The rise of revival movements in Europe
- To win more Christian converts to the Christian faith
- To stop slave trade and introduce legitimate trade
- Improve the living standards of Africans
- Obeying Jesus Christ’s command of evangelizing the whole world
- To settle freed slaves
- Population pressure in Europe
- To Introduce medical services
- To civilize the Africans
- To introduce formal education
- The respect given by early explorers 5×1=5mks
- Obstacles to affective church influence in the social life of the community
- There is power struggle within the churches/disunity/wrangles.
- Some church leaders/lay Christian involve themselves is sexual immorality) e.g adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, lesbianism.)
- Inadequate training of some church leader/lack of training.
- Rise of self-styled apostles/preachers who bring confusion to believers
- Mismanagement/misappropriation of church funds/resources by some church leaders.
- Some members have a ‘Holier than thou’ attitude/ self righteousness/individualism.
- Partiality treatment of church members is based on materialism /education /social status
- Negative influence from science and technology
- Lack of finance for effective evangelization
- Introduction of ideologies (e.g devil worship/cults/communist/socialism)
- African cultural expressions used in Christian worship today.
- Use of vernacular in worship
- Use of traditional musical instruments (drums, kayamba)
- Use of body movements (e.g dancing, clapping /jumping)
- Shaking of hands/hugging
- Responding to prayers in unison/congregational involvement/ liturgical recitations
- Spontaneous prayer
- Performing cleansing rituals
- Adopting family/ individual names at baptism.
- Giving offerings in kind /agricultural produce
- Use of African texture and design in dressing
- Building churches using traditional African architectural styles.
- Singing using traditional tunes and melodies.
- Ways in which modern Christians use their leisure time
- Organise/attend religious seminar/conference
- Visit/ pray of the sick/prisoners
- Participate in church choir/concerts
- Offer/give free services to the aged
- Read religious literature (e.g. bible, Christian pamphlets, newsletters, magazines)
- Keep the church and its environment clean
- Have fellowship with other Christian / Pastoral care
- Initiate self-help projects to assist the needy
- Provide guidance and counseling to the community
- Preach the word of god
- Visit relatives and friends
- Be with your family
- Listen to Christian preaching/songs on the radio
- Watch Christian films/videos.
5×1=5mks
- Ways through which the church can promote self employment in modern society.
- Open more technical institute for masons, carpenters, electricians
- Provide guidance and counseling for positive attitude towards work/dignity of work
- Enhancing a sense of responsibility in work.
- Giving them assistance in obtaining the equipment to staff small scale enterprises (e.g. sewing machines, tool boxes)
- Help them final market for the finished products
- Organise in-service courses for the self employed to improve the quality of the their products
- Organise communal self help projects
- Help them in obtaining premises for their business.
5×1=5mks
- Role Christian can play in national elections
- By praying for fair/free and just /peaceful elections
- Being employed at various levels in and out of polling stations
- Being committed in playing different roles.
- Being honest/not fearing intimidation/persecution
- Casting one’s vote
- Educating the masses on their civil rights/ obligations
- Financing / assisting the government in facilitating smooth and fair elections.
- Avoiding situations of confrontations with the government of the day.
5×1=5mks
- How a Christian can show respect for life today.
- Care for / conserve the environment (e.g. planting trees/grass/flowers)
- Avoiding pollution of water, air and land/through proper disposal of waste.
- Caring for the less fortunate members of the society/helping the needy.
- Condemning abortion.
- Discouraging capital punishment
- Practicing responsible parenthood/ discouraging child abuse.
- Sharing natural resources with those who are unfortunate
- Discouraging capital punishment
- Providing guidance and counseling on the value of life.
5×1= 5mks
C.R.E PAPER II (313/2) – YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME
1a)
- The people persecuted the prophet of Yahweh.
- The kings led the people in idol worship. E.g. Jeroboam
- The kings were god chosen/they forced their way onto the throne.
- The people rejected the message of the true prophets like Elijah/Elisha/Amos.
- The people refused to repent when given the opportunity/when called to repentance.
- The people didn’t destroy the Canaanite temples but took to worshipping both Yahweh and the Canaanite gods in these temples.
- The rulers/kings did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
- The kings built temples for idol worship.
- They formed political alliance with neighboring nations instead of trusting Yahweh totally.
- The kings propagated injustice where the poor were denied justice e.g ahab and Naboth
- Sexual immorality the people engaged in immoral activities at the temple /cult prostitution
- They sold fellow Israelites into slavery which was forbidden by Yahweh.
- The judges were corrupt. They took bribes thus the innocent were wrongly convicted.
- b)
Jezebel swore to Kill Elijah the way he had killed the prophets of Baal.
- Elijah got afraid and fled in Bathsheba after killing the prophets of Baal.
- He was discouraged and despaired /he felt lonely.
- He got depressed and prayed for death.
- He walked for 40 days and nights to Mount Horeb/Sinai
- When he arrived at Mt. Horeb Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus God rebuked him
- Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it had achieved nothing
- He walked for 40 days and nights to MountHoreb /Sinai
- When he arrived at Mt.Horeb, Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus god rebuked him
- Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it had a achieved nothing.
- He had to convince the people that he was the true prophet of Yahweh.
- After proposing the thre-year drought he lived in fera
- Elijah underestimated his ability in calling back the people back to Yahweh.
- He was accused by King Ahab as the trouble maker of Israel.
- He had to defend his religion to prove that Yahweh was a true God.
c)
- Human suffering which hinders people from accepting the message of hope
- Lack of cooperation from the congregation
- Problems of how to react/relate objectively when their expectations are not met.
- Inadequate knowledge on how to deal with various groups/women/youth/choir/rival groups/relatives.
- There are temptations to acquire property unjustly.
- Difficulties in harmonizing the message of the gospel and innovations of science and technology
- Too much time/service is expected out of them
- Inability to control/meat their human desires (sexually)
- Be in an environment that is hostile/insecure
2a)
- God is merciful towards sinners/he gives a chance to repent/come back to him
- God forgives all types of sin/(according to Jews such a sin is too big to be forgiven)
- Jesus does not condemn sinners/Jesus loves sinners(but hates sins)
- We should avoid sinning after being forgiven/those, whose sins are forgiven, should live according to the law of God/live righteously.
- We are all sinners. No one is righteous /everyone needs forgiveness.
- We should not kill sinners/life is sacred and only God can take it away.
- We should be tolerant sinners/ we should love sinners/pray for them/help them to change and turn them to God.
- b) Jewish attitudes towards sin.
- Sinners are outcast; they are not to be mixed with.
- Sinners are stoned/killed/executed
- Sinners are despised/rebuked
- Sinners are hated
- Sinners are grouped/classified.
- Sinners is inherited .
- Sin causes ill health/sickness/suffering/ god punished sin.
- Only God can forgive sin/no human being can forgive sin.
- c) Action church members would take to handle causes of dishonesty.
- Find out what problems the members have/reasons for dishonesty.
- Help the people to meet their basic needs.
- Offering guidance and counseling.
- Forgive them
- Pray for them
- Encourage them to pray.
- Report the matter to the authorities/discipline them.
- Help the people to set up income generating projects.
- Fellowshipping with them
- Preach to them.
- Setting a good-example for them to emulate
- Delegating duties to responsible persons
- Teaching them to live responsibly
- Encourage them to avoid situations which could lead them to dishonesty
3a) The conversation of Paul the Apostle by Jesus Christ as recorded in Acts of the Apostles 9:1-19
- Saul was on his way to Damascus to persecute Christians
- A strange light stuck him and the voice of the lord said “saul why do you persecute me?”
- Saul recognized the voice of the strange power and asked, “Who are you Lord?”
- The men who were traveling with him stood speechless as they heard the voice but saw no one.
- Saul was blinded and had to be lead to Damascus.
- Saul was blind for three days and stayed without food or drink
- The lord spoke to Ananias at Damascus to lay his hands on Saul so that his sight could
- Ananias laid his hands on Saul and he regained his sight
- Saul was baptized and was filled with Holy spirit.
- Ananias also gave him food and Saul was strengthened.
- b) Problems which early church faced before conversion of Paul
- They were stoned to death /killed.
- They were accused falsely.
- They were arrested.
- They were imprisoned.
- They were mistaken for being drunk when they spoke in tongues.
- There was unfairness in distribution of foods to widows.
- They scattered in fear of persecution.
- There was dishonest among some members e.g. Saphira and Ananias.
- They were warned/threatened not to use the name of Jesus in their preaching.
- They were whipped/beaten
- They were persecuted/oppressed.
- c) Reasons why a person should be converted to Christianity.
- To have eternal life in heaven.
- To enter God’s kingdom on earth.
- To turn away from sins/seek forgiveness/receive salvation.
- To enjoy god’s covenant/enter God’s covenant relationship
- To be the light/salt of the world.
- To acquire a new identity.
- To escape judgment/fire in hell/punishment.
4a) Reasons why idleness is condemned.
- God ordained work/human beings were given the responsibility of looking after God’s creation.
- Jesus condemned idleness in his ministry in the parable of the talents
- Idleness may lead to antisocial activities e.g. stealing, drinking, irresponsible sexual behaviour
- Idleness leads to poverty/inability to meet one’s basic needs
- Jesus worked and so endorsed dignity of work.
- Idleness is a failure to glorify God.
- Idleness dehumanizes individuals.
- Christians should emulate Jesus’ example of hard work
- Idleness is a health hazard e.g. obesity, heart attack.
- Idleness is a rebellion against God’s intention for human beings.
- Idleness retards the development of God giving talents.
- b) Factors that have let to unemployment in Kenya.
- The growth rate of Kenya’s economy is lower than the population growth
- Inadequate land for those who want to self employed in agriculture sector
- Inadequate funds to start economic ventures
- Adoption of lifestyles that do not promote development e.g. drug addiction, laziness.
- The great part of Kenya is low potential
- Wrong attitude instilled in the youth by the society/the youth think they should only do the white collar jobs.
- Poor job distribution where some people hold more than one job.
- Policies that allow foreigners to take up jobs which would have been performed by Kenyans.
- Low investment ability due to debt crisis and conditions set by donor countries.
- Application of redundancy practices by both the government and the private sector i.e (retrenchment)
- Liberalization of market which has led to the influx of cheap goods thus leading to closure of some industries.
- Corruption/nepotism/tribalism.
- c) Steps the church in Kenya has taken to solve the problem of unemployment.
- Employ people as pastors/evangelists/catechist
- Has set up youth polytechnics to provide vocational training/skills required for employment.
- Sponsors people through scholarships and bursaries to enable them acquire the necessary skills for employment
- Church ran training colleges/universities where people are prepared for different careers
- Encourage positive attitudes towards all types of jobs/guidance and counseling
- Establishment of institutions which provide employment opportunities/e.g schools/hospitals
- Provides funds to start small scale income generating industries and projects
- Sustain self-help groups by helping them to make products and market them thus creating job opportunities. (7mks)
5 a) How was marriage formalized in traditional African Communities.
- Giving of bride price/dowry as a token of appreciation to girls/brides family
- Exchange of gifts among the family members performed religious rituals/sacrifices/blessings
- Held ceremonies /celebrations where food and beer were shared among friend and families.
- Exchanged visits by the families of the bride and the groom/exchange of mutual help and services.
- Marriage negotiations/discussion were held .
- Celebration through songs and dance
- Oathing /vowing/pledge of allegiance/ making promises
- Virginity of bride to be proved.
- b) Why polygamy common in traditional African communities
- Many children were viewed as a source of pride/wealth/labour
- Effective family planning
- To ensure unity/harmony in the community
- To acquire wealth through bride price
- Children ensured security in old age
- The more the children the longer the immortality
- To reduce irresponsible sexual behaviors such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
- Curb barrenness/childlessness
- Ones social status was measured by the number of wives one had
- Co-wives worked as a team/boost the man’s wealth
- Due to high mortality rate due to epidemics thus one needed to marry many wives
- To avoid getting children of one sex
- Land was plenty to accommodate large families. (8mks)
- c) State the role of parents in a traditional African communities
- Creating linkage with the wider community.
- Bing role models for their children/set example
- Encouraging and directing them to realize their potential self actualization
- Enhancing family cohesion unity.
- Settling disputes and quarrels that arise in families.
- Making decisions on all matters.
- Passing on inheritance to their offspring.
6 a) Steps the church is taking in assisting orphans.
- Preaching/teaching about individual responsibility towards the orphans.
- Organizing for adoption
- Advocating for their plight so that the state/other interested parties can take action.
- Paying fees/school levies to keep them in school/educational institution.
- Assisting them to link with their relatives.
- Providing them with rehabilitation centres/homes.
- Encouraging them to attend church.
- Visiting and encouraging them to feel accepted/empathies with them.
- Provision of basic needs to promote good health
- Offering employment opportunities to promote self-reliance.
- Offering vocational training to equip them understand and cope with the situation.
- Protecting them from exploitation/ensuring that their property is safe pray for them.
- b) Factors that prevent effective church cooperation in Kenya
- Different interpretations of the bible/ beliefs/holier than though attitude.
- Differences due to historical legacy based on foundation principles/origin.
- Competition to win more converts to supersede the others.
- Lack of equity in resources which make some churches more developed than others hence uneasy relationship.
- Greed to lead which makes the various levels of leadership uncooperative .
- Differences due to political inclination whereby some churches are prostate/non-commital /opposed.
- Discrimination due to training and experience.
- Differences in the acquisition of church wealth.
- Differences arising from appointment of women as preachers
- Differences due to the issue of acceptable Christian norms.
- c) Ways in which the provision of health facilities by the early missionaries
promoted the spread of the gospel
- Treating those with hearing problems enabled Africans to hear gospel.
- Treating those with sight problems enabled Africans to read the word
- Giving food at the health centers to promote good health
- Health centers served as the initial homes of freed slaves so the missionaries had access to people to preach to.
- Through the use of modern medicine the people were discouraged from visiting witch doctors/African specialists.
- At the health centres, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples health and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
- Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the word.
- Health centers, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples health and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
- Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the word
- The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff0 with the Africans removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
- The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff) with the Africans removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
- The medical staff who were also missionaries prayed for the sick thus showing love/concern. This motivated Africans to accepted the gospel.
Christian Religious Education Paper 1 313/ 2001
- Versions of the Bible used by Churches in Kenya.
- Revised standard version
- Living Bible
- New Bible
- New International version
- King James Version.
- The Gideon International
- New English Bible.
- Common Bible
- Good News Bible.
5×1=5mks
- God’s characteristics revealed to Moses during the renewal of the covenant .
Exodus 34: 1-28
- Compassionate/Merciful/full of pity.
-
- Slow to anger.
- Loving/Kind/Intimate/Personal.
- Faithful/firm/fulfill his promises/Restores.
-
- Just/Punisher/fair.
- Powerful/Omnipotent/almighty.
- Jealous
-
5×1=5mks.
- Reasons why Samuel was opposed to the idea of having a king, 1 Sam 8:6-18
- They would be rejecting God as their unseen King/ruler.
- Their sons would be recruited forcefully into the army.
- There would be forced labour
- The people would be enslaved.
- The king would grab their land/property/maid/servant.
- There would be over-taxation.
- Their would loose their identify as a covenant people/Idolatry.
- Their daughter will be made Mandy in the royal houses.
- Hereditary kingship would lead to oppression/dictatorship
5×1=5mks
- Problems prophet Jeremiah encountered.
- He was arrested
- He faced death threats from the people.
- The scroll was burnt by King Jehoiakin.
- He was thrown into a eastern/stared/well
- He had difficulties in convincing the people that his message was true/from Yahweh/faced opposition.
- He was beaten.
- He was insulted/referred/to as a traitor/mocked/ ridiculed
- He was barred from going to the temple.
- He was put in prison/ butted cell/ dungeon/detained
5×1=5mks
- Actions that took place during the presentations of Jesus in the temple.
Lk 2:21-40
- Jesus parents offered a sacrifice two turtle, doves (sin offering purification)
- Simeon took the child into his arms.
- He praised God/gave thanks.
- He prophesied about Jesus mission.
- The parents of Jesus marveled at Simeon’s prophecy.
- Prophets Anna thanked God/Prayed for the child.
- She prophesied that Jesus was the redeemer of Jerusalem.
- Simeon blessed Jesus parents.
- Jesus was dedicated/Redeemed.
- Simeon was led by the Holy spirit
5×1 = 5mks
- Teaching of Jesus about John the Baptist. Lk: 7:24-35
- John the Baptist is a prophet/last prophet.
- He is the greatest of the prophets
- He was prophesied about in the scriptures.
- He was to prepare the way for Christ /messenger/foreman/precursor.
- He was referred to as Elijah.
- He did not take wine/He was a Nazarene
- He fasted.
- He dwelt in the wilderness.
- Jesus said that people referred to John, as demon possessed
- The least in the Kingdom of God is greater than John .
5×1=5mks
- Lessons Christian learn from the raising of Jairus daughter Lk 8:40-56
- Jesus gives life/power over death/there is life after death/death /death is temporary sleep.
- Faith is necessary for healing
- Christian should approach/seek God with humility
- Christian should be persistent in making requests
- God answers requests/Christians should turn to God for their needs.
- God visits his people in their places/He is available.
- Christians should be patient/avoid desperation.
- Jesus brings hope/Joy/compassionate/Sympathetic.
- Jesus is the savior Messiah/Son of God .
5×1=5mks
- Reasons why it was difficult for the disciples to believe that Jesus had resurrected.
- They have witnessed his death and burial
- The report about the resurrected Christ was brought by women who were despised
- The disciples expected a glorious triumphant political Messiah/not one that would die/suffering Messiah
- They lacked faith.
- There was conflicting message/information about the resurrection/He’s stolen
- The tomb was heavily guarded by the Roman soldiers/A big rock.
- They were ignorant of the divine nature of Jesus.
- Influence from their historical background on resurrection/never happened.
5×1= 5mks
- Ways through which the early Christians were persecuted.
- They were imprisoned
- They were stoned to death e.g. Stephen
- Not allowed to preach in public
- They were denied access to the temple
- They were beheaded.
- They were beaten /flogged/tortured
- They were ridiculed/mocked/ despised
- They were insulted/abused.
- They were thrown to wild animals
- They were crucified .
- They were thrown into boiling oil
- Any other forms of persecution which are relevant/poisoned/stripped naked/slavery/exiled/thrown out by family(Rejection) Banished
5×1=5mks.
- Spiritual gift given to the Church according to Saint Paul 1 Cor 12: 7-11.
Wisdom
- Faith
- Knowledge
- Healing
- Performing miracles
- Prophecy
- Distinguishing between spirits
- Interpretation of tongues
- Speaking in tongues
5×1= 5mks
- Reasons why Africans accepted Christianity in Kenya between 1844-1914
- They had a call from God/Inspiration
- They hoped for internal gain (Education, European way of life/European civilization/culture practice.
- They wanted to identify with Europeans/European way of life/European civilization/culture practice.
- They were forced into the mission stations by their local leaders thus got converted.
- The misfits/outcasts in Africa communities found refuge in missions stations and hence got converted/stopping slave trade/orphans/widows.
- There were those who were curious about the new faith/pealing
- There were those who wanted to enhance their social status/prestige/superiority/equality.
- Some of Traditional belief talked with Christian teaching
- Bible translocation
(5×1=5mks)
- Ways through which the missionaries used to increase African participation in the Church in Kenya between 1940 1960.
- Training of AfricanChurch leaders both locally and abroad (St. Pauls theological College, Limuru, St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary).
- Appointing African to leadership positions e.g. Catechist/Priest
- Establishing local parishes/Dioceses.
- Incorporating African culture practices in worship e.g. clamping hands/tunes
- Adopting African attire e.g. way of dressing by clergy.
- Using African architectural styles in the construction of Churches.
- Use of African languages in worship/translation of bible into local language
- Allowing interaction between of different denominations/ecumenism
- Offering special privileges to Church leaders e.g. given a good house. 5×1=5mks
- Reasons why observance of blood kinship is important in tradition African societies.
- Prevents the spread of hereditary diseases
- Provides a wide source of material help in case of need.
- Provides unlimited source of advice to the members/Guidance & counseling
- Promotes harmonious living as related people respect each other.
- Serves as a check on one’s behavior/interrelationships/Discipline
- Provides a wide source of security to members/belonging
- Prevents incestuous behavior/marriages
- Helps maintain the culture of the people (religion, customs, traditions, beliefs) marriage
- Helps members to face challenges together /hardships/moral support.
5×1=5mks
- Reasons why the birth of a child is a joyous event in traditional African societies
- It ensures increase of labour force.
- It provides for community continuity/immortality.
- It enhances the social status of the family
- It cements the relationships between the coupes/the families
- It removes ridicule on the mother/father
- Provides an opportunity for the people to give thanks to God/and the ancestors.
- Provides a chance for the family to get together and celebrate
- Provides a source of wealth
- Provides a source of security.
- Children are blessing in a marriage
5×1=5mks
- Belief about the nature of God in traditional African society.
- He is everywhere/omnipresent.
- He is all powerful/omnipotent/Almighty/controller.
- He is loving
- He punishes evil/he’s just
- He is all knowing/omniscient
- He is the source of all things/the creator.
- He is caring /provides/Generous/blessing
- He’s impartial.
- He’s transcendent/beyond/supreme/high above/as pint.
- He’s immincint/Near/amount
- He’s everlasting.
- Ways through which human beings communicate with the spirit world
- Through pouring/making libations
- By offering sacrifices.
- Through prayers.
- Through the naming of children
- Through the naming of children
- Through divination of children
- Through dreams/visions
- By singing /dancing
- By invoking/ chanting/calling/incantation/salutation
- Giving offerings
5×1=5mks.
- Reasons why Christians should maintain the family unit.
- It provides material/economic/support to family members.
- It provides emotional/psychological/Christian growth to family members/Christian growth.
- It ensures security to family members.
- It ensures that members learn/maintain discipline
- It provides a conducive environment for procreation/continuity of society
- It ensures that members become responsible
- It is the foundation of the society.
- It was instituted by god/No divorce
5×1=5mks
- Effects of irresponsible sexual behavior
- Promote spread of sexually transmitted diseases
- Increase mental disorders e.g. rape victim.
- Unwanted children/Abortion /street children/unwanted pregnancies
- Irresponsible parenthood
- Increase of poverty cases/wastage/misuse of resources
- It leads to deaths e.g aids
- It leads to loss of status in society.
- It causes disagreements the family/divorce/separation
- It leads to one facing legal consequences/imprisonment
- It leads to single parenthood.
- It leads to forced/early marriages
- It leads to school dropout
5×1=5mks.
- How Christian show love in famine stricken people.
- Praying for them
- Providing them with food and water clothes i.e sharing .
- Initiating/funding projects to help them become self reliant food production.
- Sanitizing people on the plight of the affected cases.
- Advocating for equitable distribution of resources.
- Supporting their self help projects.
- Providing medical facilities/care.
- Providing basic education/skills/training
- Providing basic education/skills/training
- Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then
- Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then.
- Providing personal care/visiting them.
5×1=5mks
- Ways through which a Christian can help reduce corruption in Kenya today.
- Pray for the corrupt people to change
- Being a role model/avoiding taking part in corrupt practices
- Preaching to the people on the ills of the corruption/Guiding
- Report incidences of corruption to the relevant authority
- Encourage people to adhere to the stipulated laws/procedures/regulations.
- Publish books/magazines/newsletters on negative effects of corruption
- Organise seminars/conferences/workshops for people to discuss solutions to end corruption out/. Teach people of their rights.
- Campaigning for better salaries to workers
- Choosing/electing honest leaders.
- Carry out/establish the causes of corruption.
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2001
- a) Promises of God to David through Prophet Nathan
- He would be the greatest king/Leader in Israel/ great name.
- God would protect Israel from oppression/give Israel peace during his rule
- Protect David from his enemies
- He would keep the kingdom strong for his sons descendants/the son will be king
- Bury him with his ancestors
- David’s house would rule forever/everlasting dynasty
- David and his descendants would be blessed forever always
- The Messiah would come from David’s lineage
- God would punish David’s sons when they did wrong just as a father punishes a son.
- God would always support him
- David’s son Solomon would build a temple for God
- God would give Israel their own land.
(8×1=8mks)
- b) Factors that led to the failure of David’s successors
- They shed innocent blood
- They were oppressive in their rule (forced labour/heavy taxation/bribery)
- They married foreign wives
- They built temples/shrines for idols
- They were unfaithful/ dishonest
- They did not tell people who God was
- They were disobedient to God
- They did not rule according to the law of Moses
- They did not listen to the prophets
- They worshipped both God and idols/syncretism/worshipped idols
- They sought alliances with neighboring states instead of relying of God.
(7×1=7mks)
- c) Factors that prevent political leaders from performing their duties efficiently
- Ridicule from members of the society
- Inability to live up to the expectations of the electorate/promises made
- Women leaders are discriminated against/looked down upon
- Lack of training in leadership skills/poor looked down upon
- Divisions/conflicts within/between the parties
- Lack of adequate forum to meet/address their electorate
- Insecurity funds to initiate development projects help their electorate
- Differing/conflicting ideologies resulting in divisive decisions.
- Inadequate funds to initiate development projects help their electorate.
- Personal differences
- Inadequate infrastructure
- Cultural/religious barriers/tribal/ethnic/racial corruption (4×2=8)
- a) Problems faced by the Israelites during the Babylonian exile
- They lacked adequate food/famine
- Adapting to a new environment
- Following/keeping the Babylonian laws
- They suffered from various diseases and ailments
- Some of them were executed
- They suffered from various diseases and ailments
- Some of them were executed
- They were turned into refugees in Egypt; Moab, Edom, Ammon, etc
- They were not united
- There religious loyalty to God was undermine
- They were not united
- Their religious loyalty to God was undermined
- They lacked places for worship/religious festivals
- They were influenced into idolatry
- There were false prophets. (8×1=8mks)
- b) Conditions of restoration as preached by prophet Ezekiel
- They should maintain justice/make fair judgment
- They should not worship idols
- They should not worship God at shrines set up in high places
- They should not commit sexual immorality/adultery/fornication
- There should be no oppression of the poor /others
- They should keep pledges ad return what is taken unfairly
- There should be no robbery/theft
- They should give food to the hungry
- They should provide clothes for the naked
- They should not lend at interest/take excessive increase
- They should obey God’s commands/statutes/ordinances
- They should repent/seek forgiveness. (8×1=8mks)
- c) How Christians promote harmony between the church and state
- Encourage the faithful to obey the rulers
- Allowing the rulers to become leaders in the church/inviting them to the church
- Preaching/condemning evils in the society
- Advising the political leaders on the correct ways of administering
- Supporting state related projects
- Participating in reforming laws governing the country
- Promoting the positive image of the country/highlighting the positive activities of the state
- Working jointly with the state when calamities occur/helping the need
- Participating in elections of leaders
- Paying taxes
- Praying for God’s intervention
- Contributing to participation in national development activities (education, health, self-help, etc)
(7×1=7mks)
3 a) How Jesus fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy
- He bore the sins of the human race
- He delivered Israel by dying on the cross/crucified
- He submissively bore suffering and disgrace
- He was despised and rejected
- He was a man of sorrow/grief
- He was pieced/wounded
- He appeared before the Sanhedrin/Pilate for judgment
- He was pieced/wounded
- He was crucified with the thieves
- He was buried in a rich man’s tomb
- Through him God’s everlasting Kingdom was established
- He was without sin/holy
- Through Jesus many have been forgiven/saved.
- Jesus was exalted/made great
- Jesus was born of a virgin/divine birth/Holy spirit
- He was of the lineage of David
- He was a wonderful counselor/prince of peace/Emmanuel
- He established justice on earth
- He was Almighty
- Jesus said he had come to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah
- He was filled with the Holy spirit.
(8×2=12mks)
3 b) Ways through which the power of God was seen in the early church
- They were able to pray together/fellowship
- They lived together
- They shared meals in their homes/breaking of the bread
- They performed miracles/healing/exorcising/raising the dead
- They persevered persecutions/humbled themselves
- They had courage/were bold/they condemned evil
- They were able to speak in tongues/interpret languages
- They were able to solve problems/conflicts amicably
- They sold their property for the common good/shared property
- They laid hands on the converts
- They baptized the new converts
- They appointed leaders/deacons
- They distributed food to the widows/orphans
(8×1 8mks)
- c) The importance of baptism of Jesus to Christians today
- Christians are baptized to identify with Jesus
- It unites Christians as members of one body
- It unites Christians as members of one body
- It is a sign of death and resurrection of Jesus
- Signifies a new life/change of status
- Use of water is symbolic as a leaser.
- Signifies the complete forgiveness of sins
- It makes them children of God
- It marks the beginning of personal commitment to God
- Prepare Christians for the heavenly Kingdom
- It gives one a sense of belonging to a Christian community
- It confirmed that Jesus was the son of God/Messiah/Divinity of Jesus
(5mks)
4 a) Reasons why the Pharisees were referred to as hypocrites by Jesus
- They considered themselves self-righteous
- They despised others/looked down upon others
- They lacked humility/exalted themselves
- They knew the commandments but did not apply them appropriately (observed them for their own gain/they were shy)
- They followed Jesus with an intention of finding faults/trapping him
- They followed rules made by human beings/traditions of elders opposed to God’s rule.
- They emphasized the outward cleanliness as opposed to purity of heart
- They altered the Law of Moses to suit their selfish motives
- They were a bad influence to the people /misled others
- Their effect on the people was hidden yet wide spread (like yeast in the dough)
(5mks)
- b) Lessons from the parable of the wheat and tares
- Be aware that the word of God has been planted in them by Jesus/God’s word is good
- They are living in the world together (the good and the bad)
- They ought to follow Jesus’ teachings
- Bad people love evil
- They ought to be aware that Satan plants bad seeds
- On judgment day, the good and the bad will be separated
- On judgment day, the good will be rewarded and the bad will be punished
- Satan does not want human beings to prosper in God’s word
- Satan comes/invades secretly
- Christians should not be quick to condemn others/god is patient with sinners
- Good/righteous ones belong to God’s kingdom/the evil belong to the devil
- c) Duties given to the apostles of Jesus
- Preaching the Good News
- Baptizing the converts
- Healing the sick/casting out demons
- Evangelizing/spreading the kingdom of God/witnessing
- Performing miracles e.g. raising of the dead
- Counseling/teaching the converts
- Laying of hand to impart power/praying
(5mks)
5a) Activities carried out in traditional African communities to ensure newly born baby is safe.
- Baby is born in a secure/clean place (parent’s house)
- Baby’s birth is first announced to family members
- Placenta/umbilical cord is disposed off in a secret place (uncultivated field/banana plantation)
- Prayers/sacrifices/libations are offered for the well being of the baby and mother
- The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
- Baby is cleaned using medicinal herb solutions/treatment by medicine men/witch doctor/shaving
- Baby mother stayed in seclusion for a number of days
- Baby/mother are given specific nutritious food to promote good health
- Mother takes medicinal herbs to ensure good health for both
- The baby is delivered by an expert/midwife
- The baby is given a name
- b) Ways through which youth are taught to be responsible
- Through participation alongside adults
- Through watching adults perform duties/observations
- By being told stories/proverbs/maxims/riddles/singing songs relating to duty
- By imitating adults/role play/imitation
- By inculcating fear verbally
- Through giving deterrent punishment for failure
- Through apprenticeship
- By rewarding/reinforcing the duty performed
- They were given instructions during initiation
- Through guidance and counseling
(7mks)
- c) Role of a grandfather in traditional African society
- He was a role model
- He guided and counseled family members
- He was a source of valuable knowledge/wisdom experience/traditions
- He was consulted on matters affecting the family/society
- He has a link between the living and the dead
- He was a custodian of the morals/values of the community
- He made decisions for the family/decision maker
- He taught/provided entertainment by telling stories/riddles/singing songs
- He officiated in some family rituals/ceremonies
- He prescribed punishment for evildoers/disciplined evil doers
- He controlled family resources.
(8mks)
6a) Methods used by early missionaries
- Providing them with education/training
- Providing them with jobs/employment
- Inviting them to join the church and serve as priests, catechists, sisters etc
- Preaching against/discouraging some traditional practices
- Providing them with medical facilities/care
- Introducing new (crop/house/clothes) modern technology/agriculture.
- Introducing self-help projects (water)
- Introducing new means of transport/communication/infrastructure
- Providing homes for the freed slaves/destitute.
(7mks)
- b) Reasons why Christians in Kenya should work in unity
- In order to promote oneness of Christ
- To promote the teachings of Christ
- To share the scarce resources/minimize expenses
- In order to achieve effective evangelism/ministry
- In order to adopt a common attitude to the integration of African culture in worship
- To prevent the formation of splinter groups/cults
- To reduce the internal wrangling
- In order to have a common stand in dealing with issues affecting the society (education/constitutional review/medical care
- c) Ways Christian serve God
- Preaching/teaching the word of God/dedications (priests/nuns/sister) participation in choir
- Be feeding the hungry/relief food
- Taking care of the sick/visiting the sick
- Praying/ fasting for God’s peace in the world
- Contributing to church/charitable organizations
- By paying taxes/tithing
- Taking care of the environment/working in the church
- Providing homes for the needy/adopting orphans
- Paying fees for the needy/Providing education
- Being just and fair in giving services
- Advocating for equitable distribution of resources.
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 313/ 2002
- Five actions from the life of Abraham which show his faith in God Genesis 12,
15,17, 19, 22
(i) He left his home/ family / kindred/ kinsmen ( Gn. 12: 4-5)
(ii) He circumcised his sons/ male members 17: 23- 24
(iii) He was ready to sacrifice his son Isaac 22: 1- 12
(iv) He built altars in honour of God 12: 7- 8
(v) He made sacrifices to God 12: 7- 8, 15: 9, 10 22: 13-14
(vi) He accepted the change of his name that of his wife 17: 5-6, 15 -6
- He entered a covenant with God Gn 17, 18
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Values Christians can learn from the call of Moses Ex. 3-4:18
(i) Humility (action demonstrating the value of humility) Ex 3: 4
(ii) Courage 3:3
(iii) Faith / Trust 3: 17
(iv) Love/ concern/ care/ mercy/ pity 3:710/ security/ needs/ protector
(v) Honesty
(vi) Obedience 4: 18/ follow
- Reverence/ respect/ honour 3:6
- Service
- Holiness Ex 3: 5
- Inquisitiveness/ keenness/ knowledge
- Persistence/ patience
- Justice ( punishing Egyptians) (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Duties of Samuel
- Anointed the first two kings of Israel ( Saul and David)
- Judged the people
- Foretold God’s plan for the future/ What would happen to Israelites/ kings
- Reminded the people of God’s Ways
- Acted as a mediator between God and the people
- Condemned social injustice
- Brought to the King’s attention their mistakes ( Saul)
- Condemned Idolatry/ preached monotheism
- Offered sacrifice
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Expectations that the Jews had concerning the messiah
- He would conquer nations/ military ruler
- He would rule the world/ earthly king/ political leaders
- He would avenge the enemies of Israel/ punish the Romans
- He would be a descendant of David / Royal/ rich
- He was to set up a powerful kingdom of the Israelites/ make them prosperous
- Would appear in Jerusalem full of glory
- He was to appear/ come after the return of Elijah
- He was to perform miracles ( might deeds)
- He would not associate with the poor/ sinners/ gentiles/ outcasts
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Miracles which show that Jesus had authority over nature
- Walking on water Mt. 14: 22- 34, M k 6: 45, Jn 15: 21
- Calming the storm Mt. 8: 25 – 27 Mk 4: 35 – 46, Lk 8: 22- 25
- Feeding of the Five thousand Mt 14:13- 27, Mk 6: 14- 26
- Miraculous catch of fish
- Changing water into wine Jn 2: 1- 12
- Cursing the fig tree
- Healing the man born blind John 9: 1 – 34
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Five teachings from the parable of wheat and tares Mt 13: 24- 30, 36 – 46
(i) Sinners belong to the devil
(ii) The righteous belong to God
(iii) both will face judgment on the last day
(iv) There is punishment for sinners
(v) The righteous will be rewarded
(vi) Sinners should be given time to repent
(vii) Satan is an enemy of God/ his people
(viii) Angles are actively involved in God’s work
(ix) Good and evil coexists in the world
(x) Christians should strive to overcome evil
(xi) Christians should not judge others ( discriminations)
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Actions which show that Jesus loved the needy
(i) He called ordinary people to be his disciples
(ii) Healed the sick
(iii) He fed the hungry
(iv) He preached the good news
(v) He visited the lonely/ consoled
(vi) Mixed with sinners/ outcasts/ lowly
(vii) Died for sinners
(viii) Forgave the sinners
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why resurrections of Jesus is important to Christians
(i) It is the basis of their faith/ confirms Christians faith/ foundation
(ii) It gives them hope for eternal life/ confirms there is life after death
(iii) Through it, death has been conquered/ overcome
(iv) Confirms Jesus as the son of God/ messiah/ savior
(v) It gives Christians courage to face suffering/ death/ persecution
(vi) Led to the coming of the holy Spirit
(vii) It is the basis of Christian teaching
(viii) It is a fulfillment of Jesus promises to his disciples prophecies
(ix) Confirms that Jesus is alive
(x) Confirms that Christians will resurrect in a new body form
(xi) Jesus will come again to judge the living and the dead
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which Peter’s life transformed on the day of Pentecost Acts 2: 1- 42
(i) He was filled with the power of the Holy spirit
(ii) Spoke in tongues
(iii) was courageous/ bold
(iv) Preaches the word/ testified
(v) Remembered scriptures of the Old Testament
(vi) Made wise decisions/ advised the people
(vii) He baptized new converts/ got saved
(viii) He led the other disciples/ spokesman
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians in the early church prayed
(i) To thank God/ gratitude
(ii) To show respect to God/ fellowship with God
(iii) In obedience to Christ’s teaching
(iv) To overcome temptations/ persecutions/ for protection
(v) To ask God for their daily needs/ blessings
(vi) In order to sustain the unity of the believers/ growth of the church
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Duties of children to the elderly in traditional African Communities
(i) Respect them
(ii) Assist them with daily chores/ help
(iii) Listen to/ follow their wise counsel/ advise
(iv) Undertake errands for them/ obey
(v) Visit them
(vi) Keep them company
(vii) Feed them/ look after them/ protect
(viii) Entertain them
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why oaths were administered in traditional African communities
(i) To ensure secrecy of the information known
(ii) As a binding symbol of members of the communities/ unite the parties concerned
(iii) To ensure compliance to the social norms
(iv) To deter people from telling lies
(v) To link the living with the dead/ ancestors
(vi) To prepare the parties for tasks e.g. war, leadership
(vii) To make people remain loyal to each other/ group
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when seers were consulted in traditional African communities
(i) When sickness/ death occurred frequently/ bewitch
(ii) When there was disaster/ calamities catastrophes/ drought/ outbreak of disease
(iii) During marriage ceremonies
(iv) During cleansing rituals/ sacrifices
(v) Before embarking on war/ raiding expeditions
(vi) Before initiation rites took place
(vii) During pregnancy/ cases of difficult child birth/ bareness
(viii) When there were serious disputes/ dilemma/ disagreements
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Factors that may hinder the traditional African practice of giving dowry
(i) Poverty/ economic hardships
(ii) Breakdown of social organization
(iii) Interference from Christian religious beliefs
(iv) Greed to parties concerned/ commercialization
(v) Intermarriage practices
(vi) Change of values/ modern education/ Western culture
(vii) Urbanization/ migration
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Problems faced by Christian missionaries
(i) Inadequate finance
(ii) Poor transport system/ infrastructure
(iii) Language barriers
(iv) Diverse customs/ traditions
(v) Suspicion/ rivalry among Christians religious cults, rejection
(vi) Insecurity/ instability
(vii) Greed/ corruption/ social evils
(viii) Inadequate theological training
(ix) Failure to lead exemplary lives
(x) Negative influence of the mass media/ effects of science & technology
(xi) Hostile climate conditions- diseases
- Ways in which unity is promoted in the church
(i) Joint prayer meetings/ worship/ fellowship
(ii) Joint crusades/ preaching/ rallies
(iii) Working together in the production of education materials (syllabus, books etc)
(iv) Provision of medical services
(v) Providing job opportunities/ employment training for Job opportunities
(vi) Taking care of the needy e.g. homes
(vii) Provision of education e.g. schools, universities
(viii) Provision of mass education e.g. civic education/ guidance and counseling
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why trial marriage is condemned by the church
(i) Undermines dignity of the individual/ brings shame/ disrespect
(ii) Undermine the institution of marriages/ not proper marriage/ spoiling marriage
(iii) it is against God’s law
(iv) It can lead to diseases
(v) The children born out of such union, lack identity/ role model/ single parenthood
(vi) It is a sign of lack of commitment/ separation/ easily broken
(vii) It promotes irresponsible sexual behavior
(viii) leads to lack of trust/ honesty
(ix) can lead to abortion/ death
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family
(i) Drains family resources
(ii) Quarrels/ fight in family may occur
(iii) Leads to diseases
(iv) Leads to family break up/ separation/ divorce
(v) It reduces one’s capacity to be productive in the family
(vi) Results in making wrong decisions/ judgments
(vii) Leads to denial of conjugal rights
(viii) Leads to lose of religious values/ morals
(ix) Leads to poor role model for children
(x) Leads to crimes/ imprisonment
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians are opposed to deforestation
(i) It destroys God’s creation
(ii) It leads to desertification/ destruction of catchments areas
(iii) Denies the animals of the natural habitat
(iv) It is motivated by human greed/ selfishness
(v) It is against God’s command/ human beings should take care of the environment
(vi) Results in environmental pollution
(vii) Affects the source of natural/ traditional medicine
(viii) It destroys natural beauty ( flora + fauna)
(ix) Leads to soil erosion degradation
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians should participate in the law reform process
(i) To exercise their democratic rights/ citizenship
(ii) To ensure that just laws are enact/ avoid
(iii) To ensure that quality leadership is achieved
(iv) It is service to humanity
(v) To improve the quality of life
(vi) It is a sign of accountability
(vii) It shows a sense of unity in nation building/ collective responsibility
(viii) it leads/ helps develop the while persons
(ix) It is an opportunity to infuse Christians principles in the law e.g. freedom of worship.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIANS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2002
- (a) The results of sin from the genesis stories of the fall of human beings
(Gen 3: 2 – 11)
(i) All human beings were to die
(ii) Their friendship with God changed to fear/ God withdrew from company
(iii) They experienced shame and guilt/ were ashamed of their nakedness
(iv) Women became subject to man
(v) Human beings would experience pain
(vi) Human beings would have to toil/ struggle in order to eat/ live
(vii) The good relationship between human beings and wild animals was destroyed/ instead enmity between them was created
(viii) The ground was cursed because of them/ produce thorns and thistle
(ix) There was hatred among the children of Adam/ Cain murdered Abel
(x) Human beings became sinful by nature/ developed wicked thoughts
(xi) Human beings days on earth were reduced/ the lifespan was reduced to 120 years
(xii) Misunderstanding arose among human beings/ God confused their language
(xiii) The serpent was condemned to crawling/ eats dust
(xiv) The marriage relationship changed from mutual care to tension
(xv) Human beings were expelled from the Garden of Eden
(xvi) Human being/ animals/ plants were destroyed by the flood
(7 x 2 = 14 mks)
(b) How King Ahab failed to keep the covenant law ( 1 king 21)
(i) He took away/ stole Naboth’s vineyard
(ii) He allowed his wife to bear false witness against Naboth
(iii) He allowed the murder of Naboth through stoning
(iv) He oppressed the lowly
(v) He considered himself to be above the law/ equated himself with God
(vi) He covered Naboth’s Vineyard
(vii) He jailed to respect the Jews law of land ownership/ inheritance
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians should practice forgiveness
(i) It shows love for others
(ii) It creates/ promotes peace
(iii) It is a way of winning converts
(iv) it shows obedience to Christians teachings/ commands
(v) In order to follow the example of Christ
(vi) in order to be forgiven by God
(vii) It strengthens relationship/ tolerance
(viii) It lengthens life/ promotes healthy living
( 6 mks)
- (a) Conditions given to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant ( Ex 34)
(i) To obey what God commanded them
(ii) Not to make any treaty with those who lived in the land where they were going
(iii) To destroy their altars/ smash their sacred stones/ cut down their Asherah
(iv) Not to worship any other god
(v) Not to make idols
(vi) To keep the various feasts e.g. unleavened bread/ feast of weeks/ feast of gathering
(vii) To rest on the Sabbath day
(viii) Not to intermarry with the foreigners
(ix) To dedicate the male first born of God
( 10 mks)
(b) Significance of the transfiguration of Jesus to his disciple ( Lk 9: 28 – 36)
(i) It confirms to them that he was the son of God
(ii) It showed his glory/ holiness
(iii) It showed that he was sent by God to establish a new kingdom on earth
(iv) It proved to them that he was the fulfillment of the law/ prophecy
(v) Revealed to them that he was to die in Jerusalem
(vi) Strengthened the faith of the disciples
(vii) It taught them that they were to obey Jesus
(viii) It revealed to them that there is life after death
(ix) It revealed that Jesus was in communication with God
( 8 mks)
(c) How Christians show respect to God
(i) Set aside a day of worship
(ii)Set aside Holy places of worship
(iii) Do not mention his name anyhow
(iv) Living exemplary lives/ keeping the commandments
(v) Pray to him
(vi) Dependant on him for their needs
(vii) Give offering to him
(viii) Praise him for the wonders
(ix) Take care of the environment
(x) Look after the needy
(xi) Preaching/ teaching/ spreading his word
(xii) Worship him
(xiii) Observing Christians rituals e.g. Baptism
- (a) How John the Baptist prepared the way for the Messiah
(i) Preached repentance
(ii) Told soldiers not to rob/ bear false witness/ be content with their wages
(iii) Encouraged people to share with the poor
(iv) Told tax- collectors not to collect what is illegal
(v) Baptized those who repented
(vi) Told them that he was not the messiah
(vii) Preached the good news
(viii) He reprimanded Herod for marrying Herodias his brother’s wife
(ix) Baptized Jesus in river Jordan
(x) Introduced Jesus as Lamb of God
(xi) Told them not to boast about being descendants of Abraham
(xii) Warned people of the coming judgment
( 6 x 2 = 12 mks)
(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the call of the first disciples of Jesus
(i) One needs to be obedient/ immediate responses required
(ii) Humility is required
(iii) Change in lifestyle is mandatory
(iv) One must have faith/ trust in Jesus
(v) There is hope for those who follow Jesus
(vi) Eternal life supersedes earthly riches
(vii) It is God who calls people to serve Him
(viii) God can choose anybody to serve him/ does not discriminate
(ix) God can call Christians from their everyday lives/ Occupations
(x) There is need for repentance / acknowledge one’s sinfulness
(xi) Miracles can happen in one’s everyday life
(xii) Christians should work together/ team work
(xiii) God reveals himself to people in everyday activities/ life situations
( 8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians are baptized today
(i) To identify themselves today
(ii) Through baptism they receive the power of the Holy Spirit
(iii) It enables one to become a member of the church
(iv) It is a symbol of death and resurrection
(v) In some churches at baptism Christians get new name/ emulate the qualities of the Saints
(vi) Water in baptism symbolized the washing away of sins
(vii) In accordance to Christ’s teachings/ church tradition
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Factors that led to the spread of Christianity in the apostolic age
(i) Persecution of Christians
(ii) They were led/guided by the Holy Spirit
(iii) Good Communication/ Infrastructure
(iv) Common language/ Greek
(v) There was peace in the Roma empire
(vi) The Jews in the Diaspora/ dispersion, welcomed the early disciples
(vii) Good system of government with just laws
(viii) Dual citizenship of Paul
(ix) Paul’s strong religious background in the Old Testament which was the basis for the new testament
(x) Paul’s occupation which was a source of income / inspiration to others
(xi) Paul’s celibate status enabled him to be fully committed to the preaching of the gospel
(xii) The miracles/ wonders strengthened the disciples/ new converts faith
(xiii) The great number of converts inspired the others to join the new faith
(xiv) They were empowered by the Holy Spirit
(b) Ways in which the celebration of the Lord ’s Supper was misused at Corinth
(i) They ignored the significance of the feast taken as on ordinary meal
(ii) It led to drunkenness/ disorder less
(iii) It did not unite believers/ created divisions in the church
(iv) It led to the oppression of the poor Christians/ rich showed off
(v) They took it when they were unworthy/ profaned it
(vi) They did not seek God’s blessings/ give thanks
(c) Reasons why Christians take part in the Holy Communion
(i) Reminds them of the death and resurrection of Jesus
(ii) Proclaim the death and resurrection of Christ until he comes
(iii) Unites the believers
(iv) Helps them to rededicate themselves/ confess/ pray
(v) Reminds them to God’s love humanity/ strengthen their faith
(vi) It is a thanksgiving for God’s saving act
(vii) It symbolizes the body and blood of Jesus
(viii) It is a foretaste of the second coming of Christ
(ix) It is a sign of purity of the believers of Christ
(x) in Obedience to Jesus commands
(xi) It is a sign of the new covenant sealed in the blood of Christ
- (a) Reasons for singing during the initiation ceremonies in traditional African communities
(i) To remind the participants of their past history
(ii) To provide socialization opportunity for participants
(iii) Divert the initiates minds from the impending pain
(iv) Teach/ remind the participants important moral values
(v) Teach the participants important moral values
(vi) Teach the participants gender relations/ roles
(vii) Imbue the initiates with courage in order to face the challenge
(viii) To exercise parts of the body / dance
(ix) Welcome the initiates joyously into full membership of the community
(x) Provides an opportunity for promotion of talents
(xi) To ask for blessings for the initiates with the ancestors by invoking their names
(xii) To condemn evil in society
(xiv) To announce the season/ occasion for the initiates
(xv) To distinguish/ advertise/ identify the initiates
(xvi) To entertain the participants
(b) How initiates were prepared for adult life in traditional African communities
(i) They were made to endure pain in order to develop perseverance
(ii) Assigned duties similar to those to be performed in adult life
(iii) Given specific instructions to help them develop obedience/ compliance/ understanding
(iv) Exposed to hardship in order to develop coping mechanism
(v) Told moral stories to help them develop deductive thinking
(vi) Punished for disobedience to learn about consequences of acts/ reward of courage
(vii) Made to share belongings to teach them communalism
(viii) Taught the history of the community to help them trace/ know their ancestry
(ix) Grouped into age- sets/ groups to help them develop collective responsibility/ attitude/ skills
(x) Lived in seclusion in order to develop independence/ self awareness
(xi) They were taught gender roles/ responsibilities
(c) Reasons for practicing initiation rites today
(i) To uphold traditional values and customs/ culture
(ii) To provide an occupation for initiators/ surgeons
(iii) In order to please/ appease ancestral spirits
(iv) To ensure acceptability by those who have undergone the initiation rites/ create a sense
of belonging
(v) To prepare one for marriage
(vi) To promote African languages through song/ dance
(vii) To create a new age- set
(viii) In order to raise one’s social status
(ix) Provide an opportunity for leadership
(x) In order to enable one to inherit property
- (a) Steps the church is taking to reduce lawlessness in Kenya
(i) Church members obey the laws of the country
(ii) Educating people on civic rights
(iii) Participating in law processes/ constitutional reform
(iv) Condemning evil practices in the society/ preaching against evil
(v) Teaching church members responsible parenthood/ citizenship/ morality
(vi) Disciplining deviant member of the church
(vii) Rehabilitating law breakers
(viii) Providing material assistance to the needy
(ix) Praying for peace/ love to prevail
(x) Providing guidance and counseling services
(xi) Participating in National functions as a sign of unity/ solidarity
(xii) Paying taxes to support activities of the state
(xiii) Initiating development projects/ provide vocational training
(xiv) Providing job opportunities
(b) ways in which sex is abused in Kenya
(i) Sex before marriage/fornication
(ii) Sex outside marriage/ adultery
(iii) Prostitution
(iv) Homo sexuality/ Lesbianism/ Sodom/ Oral sex
(v) Pornographic literature/ mass media of technological devices in sex
(vi) Bestiality
(vii) Masturbation
(viii) Incest
(ix) Rape/ paedophilia ( defilement of underage)
(c) Problems faced by a family living with a person suffering from AIDS
(i) Social stigma/ suffers isolation
(ii) Economic crises due to high rate of opportunistic diseases
(iii) Poverty due to care/ medication
(iv) Suffers depression as they watch their person wear off
(v) They condemn/ judge the person as a sinner
(vi) They have to exercise high hygiene standards to ensure safety of other members
(vii) Suffers a drawback in their occupation as most time is spent caring for the patient
(viii) Struggle a lot to provide the required diet for proper maintenance
(ix) Pretend to show love though they suffer bitterness inside themselves
(x) Quarrels/ misunderstanding within the family
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2/ 2003
- The animals used in the covenant between God and Abraham,. Genesis 15.9
(i) A ram
(ii) A she- goat
(iii) A heifer
(iv) A pigeon
(v) A turtle dove
- Demonstration of God’s power in the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt to
the promised land
- Through the nine plagues in Egypt
- The Killing of the Egyptians first borns ( Passover
- The crossing of the red sea
- The drowning of the Egyptians in the Red Sea
- Provision of food ( manna and quails)
- Provision of water from the rock
- The crossing of river Jordan
- Israelites victory over their enemies
- The miraculous healing from the snake bites
- Empowering Moses to perform miracles
- The Pillar of Fire/ cloud/ thunder/ earthquake
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Types of leaders whom God gave his power in the Old Testament
(i) Priests/ Levites
(ii) Prophets/ prophetesses/ seers
(iii) Judges
(iv) Kings
(v) Warriors
(vi) Patriarchs
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Names given to the Messiah by prophet Isaiah
(i) Wonderful counselor
(ii) Mighty God
(iii) Everlasting/ eternal father
(iv) Prince of peace
(v) Just and righteous ruler
(vi) Suffering servant/ servant of Yahweh
(vii) Emmanuel God with us
(viii) A short of the stump of Jesse
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Similarities in the announcing of the birth of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ
(i) The angel Gabriel brought the message
(ii) Mary and Zechariah were afraid
(iii) They doubted the possibility of the angles message
(iv) The angel gave the names of the children to be born
(v) The angel specified the children mission
(vi) The mothers had never had children before
(vii) Mary and Zechariah were given signs to confirm the messages
(viii) The children were to be male
(ix) The children were to be conceived through the power of God/ God’s
Intervention
(x) Mary and Zechariah were fighters
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when Jesus was tempted
- In the wilderness just before he began his ministry
- In the garden of Gethsemane
- During the transfiguration when Peter wanted to build a tent so that they would stay on the mountain
- When Peter objected to his suffering and death
- At his crucifixion when he was asked to save himself
- When he was asked to prove that he was the Messiah / son of God in his home town
- When they wanted to make him king after feeding the five thousand
- When the sons of Zebedee asked him to destroy the inhospitable Samaritans
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Lessons Christians learn about Jesus from miracles of healing
(i) Jesus has concern for the sick
(ii) Jesus has power to heal/ power over evil spirits
(iii) Jesus required faith for one to be healed
(iv) Jesus heals all people, he doesn’t discriminate
(v) Jesus accepts other people’s intervention/ intercessors
(vi) Jesus forgives sins
- Jesus heals both the spiritual and physical
- Jesus expects those healed to be grateful
- Jesus is son of God/ Messiah
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Parables used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God
The parable of the:
- Sower
- Prodigal son/ lost sheep/ lost coin
- Yeast
- Mustard seed
- Hidden treasure
- Wheat and tare
- Patch and wine skins
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Powers of the Holy Spirit in the early church
(i) Prophesy
(ii) Exposed Annanias and Saphira
- Inspired people to praise God/ worship
- Gave people power to perform miracles/ heal
- Provided guidance/ wisdom
- Empowered people to perseverance/ provided comfort
- Led people in prayer
- Strengthened people to preach/ spread the good news
- Made people to understand their relationship with God/ the mission of Jesus
- Enabled Christians to live in unity
- Brought love/ peace and joy
- Strengthen the faith of Christians
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Leadership qualities shown by Peter the Apostle on the day of Pentecost
- Courage
- Wisdom/ understanding
- Principled/ decision making/ Adviser/ counselors
- Ability to protect and defend his colleagues
- He was focused/ had a goal/ commitment
- He knew the scriptures
- God fearing/ had faith in God
- Eloquent speaker
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Religious practices of the early Christian community
- praying/ fasting/ celebration of feast
- Breaking of bread
- Baptism
- Singing/ praising
- Reading the word/ preaching
- Sharing possessions
- Having fellowship
- Laying of hands/ healing/ blessing
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Traditional African customs Condemned by early Christian Missionaries in Kenya
- Initiation ceremonies/ rituals
- Polygamy/ Bigamy/ polyandry/ wife inheritance
- Killing twins
- Songs and dances/ music
- Beer taking
- Use of herbal medicine
- Ways of worship/ practice
- Ways of dressing
- Consulting African specialist
- African superstitions/ belief/ witchcraft
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Teaching about God from the traditional African myths of creation
- God’s is the creator/ giver of life
- He is orderly
- He is powerful/ mighty
- He is a provider/ caring / loving
- He is everywhere/omnipresent
- He is eternal/ everlasting
- He is all knowing/ omniscient
- He is mysterious/ transcendent
- He is a just God
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Occasions when sacrifices were offered in traditional African Communities
- during marriage
- During initiation
- During burial rites
- At times of calamities
- When settling disputes
- Naming ceremonies
- In sickness
- Times of war
- When a baby is born
- When a taboo is broken
- Installation of leaders
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Roles of elders in traditional African Communities
- Preside over religious ceremonies
- Judging cases
- Punishing/ fining the offenders
- Praying for the community
- Overseeing the sharing of community wealth/ property etc
- Mediating between God and people/ ancestors/ spirits
- Advises and guides the community
- Formulating laws governing the community/ ensuring laws are kept
- Facilitating reconciliation
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Importance of children in traditional African communities
- For social status/ prestige
- They are a source of labour
- A source of wealth
- For remembrance of dead relatives
- For continuation of perpetual of life
- To complete the marriage bond/ blessing in marriage
- To strengthen the marriage relationship
- To offer security in old age/ provide for old parents/ bury
- To protect the community against invasion
- To inherit power of property (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Christian teaching on human sexuality
- God created both male and female
- Male and female complement each other
- Male and female have distinctive role in creation
- Both share the image of God
- The union of male and female is consummated in marriage
- Male and female should live in harmony / should respect each other
- Procreate/ fulfill God’s command to multiply
- Sexual deviation is condemned ( homosexuality, lesbianism, bestiality, adultery, sadomy, e.t.c
- Male and female should respect each other in regard each to his ability
- Sex is sacred
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways of overcoming drug taking
(i) Practicing abstinence/ self-control
(ii) Praying against being tempted
(iii) seeking guidance and counseling
(iv) Avoiding the company of those who misuse/ emulating role models
(v) Reading literature on the correct use of drugs following the medical
Instructions
(vi) referring to biblical teachings on the use of drugs
(vii) Participating in activities that promote use of drugs/ healthy activities
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why Christians take up insurance policies
(i) It is a saving/ form of investment
(ii) To provide security against risks( disability, death, theft, sickness etc)
(iii) It can assist one to get a loan
(iv) To fulfill legal requirements/ moral obligations
(v) For the beneficiaries to inherit
(vi) For use in old age/ after retirement
(vii) To generate revenue/ income/ create employment
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Ways of showing respect to the state
(i) Praying for the nation/ leaders
(ii) Observing national days e.g. Madaraka day
(iii) Obeying the laws of the country
(iv) Paying taxes
(v) Working together on state matters
(vi) Participating in elections/ voting
(vii) Alleviating poverty
- Contributing to harambees
- Respecting the flag
- Promoting peace
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
C.R.E PAPER 2, 2003 MARKING SCHEME
- State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in God genesis chapter
1 and 2
- To cultivate and garden and guard it
- To procreate and have children
- To be in charge of fish, the birds and the animals, rule over God’s creation
- To rule the rest of creation, to care, to conserve and preserve the environment
- To obey God and his commands
- To get married for companionship
- Outline the reasons Christians learn about work from the Genesis stories creation
- Work was ordained by God
- Work makes human beings complete achievements, self- realization and self- fulfillment
- Christians learns that work is to be done for 6 days and rest on the seventh day, as God did not create
- Christians learns that one has to work to provide for his/ her family needs, be self reliant
- Work was introduced to man as a punishment of their sin at the Garden of Eden
- They learn to work to contribute to the development of the community
- Christians learn that they should obey God’s command of sub-doing and conquering the earth and becoming co- workers
- Work is a way of continuing the creation activity of God
- Christians learn that work keeps them away from idle life which may lead to sin
- How can Christians care for God’s creation today?
- All creation is very good, human beings should treat the rest of the creation with respect and severance
- Christians should preserve, conserve and donate to the environment
- Christians can care for god’s creation like wild animals by building game reserve
- Christians contribute to the scientific discovery of medicine to wild animal diseases by providing money donations to such institution
- Christians can care for God’s creation by standing to condone over cutting of vegetation i.e. deforestation
- Christians should come together and join hands on controlling soil erosion e.g. gulf erosion
- (a) With reference to the Old testament, outline the characteristic of a true
Prophet
- A true prophet must have been called by God himself as Elijah
- Their prediction were to proclaim punishment and rewards to individual and to the whole nation
- Their prophesy should threaten the unpleasant happenings i.e. Amos predicted that if the Israelites did not repent then they would be sent on exile
- The prophets should uphold the unique worship of the true God against other gods as Elijah killed the 250 false prophets
- Their teachings had to agree with Yahwestic doctrine on God’s kingdom
- Identify the evils that prophet Jeremiah condemned
- He condemned prostitution
- He condemned tribalism
- Corrupt and murder
- Robbery and murder
- Exploitation of the poor
- In justice denied to the poor
- Selling of goods unfit for human consumption to the poor
- Selling into slavery those who could not pay their debts
- The oppression of the poor and the weak
- Taking of bribes mostly in courts
- Cheating in business by use of false scale
- How should a Christian react to bribery
- He should not accept the bribe
- He should condemn the act of bribing
- He should pray for God’s guidance
- He should advice the person not to depend on bribing
- (a) Relate the history of the feeding of the thousand in Mk 6: 30- 44 to recall
of the old testament prophets about the messiah banquet.
- Not to be anxious about material and physical needs
- Jesus is the power of life
- Jesus had power over nature
- God cares for man physically, spiritually and materially
- Christians should show concern over others needs
- With prayer everything is possible
- Christians should seek the imperishable food, i.e. the word of God
- How did the resurrected Christ reveal himself to his followers
- He appeared to the disciples in a room when Thomas was not there
- Jesus appeared to the woman in the garden (Magdalene, Joarna, Mary the mother of Jesus and other women in John 20:1
- He appeared to Simon Peter and other disciple when they were fishing at the sea of Tuberous ( John 21: 1-4)
- He appeared to Peter (Lk 24: 34)
- He revealed himself to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus ( Lk 24: 13- 24)
- He appeared to the eleven disciples when Thomas was with them
- He revealed himself to the two disciples when Thomas was with them
- He revealed himself to Thomas by allowing him to feel the scars in Jesus hands
- He appeared to Mary Magdalene
- He shared a meal with the disciples after his resurrection
- Give a reason why some people find it difficult to accept Jesus Christ
- They lack faith
- Due to ignorance about the teaching of the bible
- Since it has not been scientifically proved
- They believe on the resurrection since the message was brought by women who were disputed in the society
- Since other men of God e.g. priest commit sin e.g. misusing church funds
- Give reasons why pre- marital pregnancies were rare in traditional African communities
- sexual education was given to the youth
- Girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished
- Sex before marriage was prohibited
- Parents were held responsible for daughter conduct
- During social occasions such as dances, youths were supported so that they did no misbehave
- There was physical separation of sexes boys and girls lived separately
- There were taboos, rules and regulations on sex relationship
- There was act of early marriage
- The whole community was concerned about the morale fibre
- The youths made aware of the consequences of irresponsible sex
- Pregnant girls were forced to marry old man in the community
- The man who was responsible for the pregnancy was forced to marry the girl
(b) State the causes of prostitution in Kenya today
– When sexual demand is not met in marriage relationship
– Peer group influence and pressure
– Separation dues to employment or divorce may cause prostitution to the
affected as he may need company for sexual relation.
- Pornographic literature and films makes others to indulge in the evil
- Lack of income to earn a living
- Employment – some women leave their rural homes to search for jobs and if they fail are forced to result to prostitution
- Extreme poverty to an individual
- (a) What is the role of midwife in traditional African Communities
– They helped pregnant women in delivery service
– The midwife took care of the weak mother and the child
– They gave advice to the parents of the mother on ways of bringing up the
Child.
- b) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of Jesus on responsibility to others.
- Help the needy
- Use wealth to others
- Share resources with others
- Remember God when alive
- Glorify God using owns wealth.
- c) How did the believers in early Church take care of the needy?
- Took care of the poor/needy /widowers by giving them food/other provisions and share.
- They held everything in common and distributed it according to individuals needs.
- They prayed for the needy on salvation
- They collected money and sent to the Jews that were at Jerusalem
- They accepted others in their home like those who were in need
- They counseled the needy on their problem
- Showed concern/ sympathy to those with illness by healing them.
- Visited and welcomed those who were released from the prison into their homes
- They showed love to them.
- d) Identify ways in which the youth participate in the church in Kenya today.
- They participate in bible reading
- They take part in singing as choir members
- They help in collection of tithe
- They help in distribution of invitation letters for an occasion
- The youths help in cleaning the church and its facilities before members come for prayers
- Helping the church in holding campaign e.g. HIV campaign.
- They engage in church crusade and distributing poster crusades.
- Holding the church crusade and distributing poster crusades.
- Explain the effects of the transmission of the Bible into African languages in Kenya.
- It enlightens the Africans
- The Africans were able to follow the scripture better and the led to more churches
- There was desire for education more Africans showed interest in education
- Christianity spread faster as more Africans were able to read the Bible on their own.
- Greater understanding was created between the missionaries and the African making life easier for both.
- Africans took partnership positions from the missionaries.
- It has contributed to the spirit of ecumenism, several denominations work together there own.
- Christianity became a more active religion as the Africans participated more.
- The elementary reading and writing taught to catechism that the modern education system developed in Kenya
- The transmission increased African participate in Christianity rather religion missionaries, Africans were able to read and understand the inner meaning of bible doctrines for much more than when the bible was a foreign language.
- b) Give reasons why Christians use the bible in worship
- It instruct new converts
- They used it as a basic reference book in general dissemination/search for knowledge.
- They use to derive Christian hymns e.g Psalms Benedicts.
- The Christians use the bible to back their teachings/messages.
- They used bible in order to make oath/promises.
- They worship with references from the bible in order to keep proper boundary not out of the word of god
- c) Why is the church in Kenya opposed to genetic engineering?
- It is against the teaching of God
- It interferes with procreation
- It may produce race which is undesirable
- It makes man compete with God
- It hinders God’s plan (like marriage)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 12004
MARKING SCHEME
-
- He had killed an Egyptian
- The Pharaoh had wanted to kill him/feared for his life/wanted murderer
- He feared that the Israelites would not believe that god has sent him
- He was not an eloquent speaker/stammer
- He feared that the Israelites would not accept him as their leader
- He lacked identity/confidence/courage/a nobody
- He did not have enough knowledge about Yahweh/did not have faith in God.
- He was already settled in Median and had a family/content with his life.
5×1=5mks
2
- Honour your father and mother
- You shall not kill
- You shall not steal
- You shall not commit adultery
- You shall not bear false witness against your neighnour
- You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, wife, servant, property or anything that is his.
5×1=5mks
3
- There was polytheism/the people worshipped many gods
- There were human sacrifices
- There were animal sacrifices and offerings
- Priests, /prophetesses presided over all the religious matters
- The people observed festivals in honour of the gods and goddesses
- Shrines, altars and temples were built for the worship of the gods.
- Rituals were performed in honour of their gods.
5×1=5mks
4.
- Locust
- Fire
- The Plumb line
- A basket of fruits
- The lord standing at altar/God’s judgment on Israel 5×1=5mks
5.
- Jesus was to be great
- Jesus will be the son of God
- Jesus was to rule over the house of Jacob
- Jesus was to be given the throne of David
- Jesus would have an everlasting kingdom
- He was to be conceived through the power of the Holy spirit
- He would be a holy child
5×1=5mks
6.
- Humility
- Love/ care/ compassion/ mercifulness
- Faithfulness
- Courage/ bravery
- Respect
- Kindness/ generosity
- Confidence
- Responsibility
7.
- It is hidden/ secret/ discovered
- It is precious/ valuable
- It is worth a sacrificing for/ self denial
- It should be a priority/ given preference over everything else
- It brings joy when found/ happiness
- It is worth search for
8.
- He talked to the disciples about his death
- He allowed them to witness the transfiguration which was a pointer to the death
- He accepted to be anointed by a sinful woman
- He had a last meal with them
- He told them of a betrayal among them
- Talked of his resurrection
- He told Peter that he would deny him
- He asked the disciples to pray with him in the garden of Gethsemane/ prayed for them/ pray for him
- Promised a helper/ holy spirit
- Appointed Peter as the leader to take over from him
- He demonstrated to them humility by washing their feet
- Instructed them to prepare themselves for the future
5 x 1 = 5 mks
9.
- Through visions
- Through dreams
- Through the works of the Holy Spirit/ gifts of holy spirit/ prophecy through work of miracles
- Through miracles, wonders, signs ( release of Paul, Peter)
- Through apostolic teaching/ evangelization
- Through scriptures/ Bible/ Holy book
- Through angles
- Election of apostle/ deacons/ laying of hands
- Growth of the church ( king Constantine)
- The faith of people endurances during persecution Stephen/ Perpetua
(5x 1 = 5 mks)
10.
- It was a demonstration of unity of the body of Christ
- As a sign of love among the believers
- It was a tradition started during the Passover/ Lord’s supper – commemoration
- It was a way of catering for the needy people
- It was a way of evangelizing/ spreading the gospel/ worship together
- In order to enhance equality of believers- common pool
- In readiness of Jesus 2nd coming
- In order to provide an opportunity for fellowshipping/ strengthen their faith
- Sign of obedience to Jesus/ community to be generous/ emulate Jesus way of life/ sharing/ generosity.
-
- Thanksgiving for the new child
- As a sign of acceptance/ full member
- Gives identity to the child/ sense of belonging
- As a way of remembering important event in society
- For blessing the child
- Welcoming the baby to the community
- Security of the child/ brought peace to the child/ appease ancestors
- Showing the relationship/ link between the living and the dead
- Brings unity among the people as they come together
- Provides an opportunity to teach the culture to the youth
- As a sign of continuity of society
- As sign of remembrance/ honor of ancestors
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
12.
- Through making peace agreement/ treaties
- Returning what had been taken/ stolen
- Sharing of meals/ bear parties
- Sacrificing to appease the ancestors/ seeking guidance, intervention/ opinion among the community
- Encouraging marriage between the children of the warring parties
- Sending emissaries/ mediators between the parties/ elders/ chiefs to arbitrate
- Taking reconciliatory oaths
- Paying a fine/ compensation/ punishment/ migration ( any punitive measures)
- Shaking of hands/ initiating dialogue/ seeking apology forgiveness.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
13.
- Healers/ medicine men/ herbalists
- Priests
- Blacksmiths
- Rainmakers
- Elders/ kings
- Diviners
- Prophets/ seers
- Circumcisers
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
14.
- To protect/ care for the living / provide for their needs
- Act as mediators link the living to the spiritual world God
- They give instructions/ guide/ direct the living/ maintaining the law and order
- They bless the living/ empowering the living
- They warn about the impending danger/ calamity
- They give identity to individuals/ community/ legacy
- They punish the living
- They participated into community ceremonies/ rituals
- Welcomed the dead into the spiritual world
15.
- The United Methodist Mission
- The Church Missionary Society ( CMS)
- Friends African Mission (quakers)
- The church of Scotland mission ( CMS)
- The Lutheran church
- Pentecostal Assembles of God
- The gospel Missionary Society
- Seventh Day Adventists ( SDA)
- Church of God
16.
- They taught the other converts how to read the bible
- They helped the missionaries to translate the bible into other languages
- They accepted/ practiced Christian Monogamous marriage
- They abandoned some traditional ritual ceremonies
- Their new lifestyles attracted other African to them Christianity ( role model)
- They preached the gospel in their home areas and beyond
- They established smaller meeting places in the interior
- They were used as interpreters by the missionaries
- They organized fellowship/ worship in areas where the missionaries could not reach
- They provided security.
-
- Hours of work
- Education/ training of employee/ qualification/ skills
- Experience of employee/ competence
- Value of work
- Needs of the employee/ state of the economy of the country/ standard of living
- Dangers/ risks of the job to be done/ nature of work/ type of work
- The returns/ profits of the work
- The ability to pay/ sustainability
- The amount of work to be done / volume
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
18.
- Accepting/ welcoming them as members of the church
- Involving them in church activities like choir
- Preaching to them
- Visiting them
- Building homes where the rejected can stay/ rehabilitation centers
- Providing guidance and counseling for them
- Appealing/ asking their family members to accept them
- Providing them with materials supplies/ funds
- Providing them with jobs/ employ them/ giving self income generating projects
- Providing them with training/ skills for self- reliance carpentry tailoring, masonry etc
- Praying them or for them/ intercede on their behalf
- Providing recreation activities to engage them / cut down on idleness
(5 x 1= 5 mks)
19.
- People are able to carry out abortions which lead to death of unborn/ risk the mother’s life mercy killing euthanisa
- Cloning/ test tube babies undermine human sexuality
- Fertilizer pollute the environment thus endangering the lives of human beings/ any forms of pollutions
- Information derived from pornographic literature video films cyber cafes/ tapes radio pollute the minds
- Vasectomy, tubal legation undermines God’s purpose for protection
- Weapons of mass destructions lead to loss of life
- Human being have been rendered jobless due to modern science and technology/ unemployment
- Accidents caused by machines lead to loss of life/ vehicles
- Deforestation leads to depletion of trees/ soil erosion/ lowers food production/ hunger
- Organ transplant/ plastic surgery undermines God’s creation
- Drug abuse/ substance abuse
20.
- Teaching them about reproductive health
- Preaching sermons on God’s design for marriage
- Encouraging chastity/ abstinence before marriage
- Having guidance and counseling before marriage
- Organizing seminars/ workshops/ retreats where topics on marriage are discussed
- Participating in joint church activities
- Christian leaders living exemplary lives that can be emulated
- Encouraging responsible/ positive relationship among sexes
- Training them to take up responsibility in life ( prepare for married life)
- Encourage the youth to seek God’s guidance through prayer / praying for them.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 2004
MARKING SCHEME
1.(a)
- He challenged Goliath/ killed him using a stone and sling
- He accepted to be anointed by Samuel to be King after Saul
- He repented after he had killed Uriah/ taking Uriah’s wife
- He consulted God/ prophets before he did anything
- He bought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem/ and it a religious centre
- He wanted to built a temple for god /assemble building materials from Lebanon
- He obeyed god’s instructions through prophet Nathan
- He attributed all his success god /made praises god/composed psalms
- He accepted god’s punishment for his sins
- He made sacrifices to god
- He advised his son Solomon to obey God’s laws/ commands in order to succeed as a king
- He fasted/ prayed/ he called himself a servant of God
(b)
- God is powerful
- God is moral / righteous/ good
- God punishes evil/ sin
- God is holy
- God is defender of the defenseless
- God protects/ saves his people
- God provides for his people
- God is faithful
- God answers prayers
- God is kind merciful/ forgiving
- God is loving/ caring
(c)
- Embezzling funds/ greed/ stealing
- Misappropriating funds
- Employment their relative/ nepotism
- Discriminating/ oppressing poor/ needy/ judging people wrongly
- Imposing their ideas on their congregation/ dictating their idea/ engaging in politics
- Practicing sexual immoral
- Misusing spiritual gifts/ false teaching
- Showing off/ pride/ arrogant
- Taking revenge
- (a)
- Jesus was walking with disciples when they saw a man born blind
- The disciples asked him who had sinned ( the parents or the man)
- Jesus answered/ said that the man’s blindness had nothing to do with his sins/ parents sins/ that God works might be seen
- Jesus said that he had to do the work of the father as long as it was day
- He said he was the light of world
- He spat on the ground, made clay of the spittle and anointed the man’s eyes
- He told him to go and wash in the pool of Siloam
- The man went, washed and came back seeing
- The neighbours who knew him wondered whether he was the man who used to beg
- When they asked him, he said he was
- They asked him how he started seeing
- He told him how Jesus had healed him
- They asked him where Jesus was
- He said he did not know
- They took him to the Pharisees because Jesus had healed him on the Sabbath
(b)
- It should be done in secret
- Prayer should be short/ specific/ direct
- It should be addressed to God/ Honour God
- People should pray persistently / without ceasing
- Make your requests through prayers
- Confess sins through prayer
- Pray with humility / be humble
- Have faith when praying/ trust
- Forgive others before praying
- God answers prayers
(c)
- Lack of faith/ trust
- Tiredness/ laziness
- Lack of time / busy schedules
- Frustrations/ bitterness/ problems
- Ridicule/ discouragement from others
- Sinful living/ lack of conscience
- Unanswered prayers
- Lack of knowledge in scriptures
- Fear of the people/ congregation
- Too much wealth/ poverty/ education
- Poor roles models
- Lack of training/ experience
- (a)
- The holy spirit is a counselor/ helper
- He comforts
- He teaches
- He guides
- He judges/ convicts the world
- He is the spirit of truth
- He is a companion
- He strengthens
- He empowers
- He reminds/ convinces people on righteousness
- He glories Jesus Christ
- He reveals the things of God/ reveals things to come
(b)
- People did not believe that he was an apostle/ his conversion
- His message was rejected
- He was beaten/ stoned
- He was imprisoned
- He was deserted by close friends/ mark/ barnabarbas
- Some of the believers were backsliding
- There was competition from other preachers ( apostles)
- There was lack of money/ finance
- There were plots to kill him
- Influences of other religious/ cultural/ ideologies/ practices
- He was persecuted/ oppressed
- He was ship wrecked
(c)
- Be ready to serve God/ people
- One should be ready to forgive
- Christians should have faith in God
- They should endure persecution
- They should be wise/ knowledgeable
- They should be ready to witness for Christ
- They should be prayerful
- They should be of good repute/ exemplary
- They should be ready to condemn evil
- (a)
- Gives one time to visit the sick/ needy
- For dedicating oneself to God/ worship God
- Provides an opportunity for fellowship with others
- It allows one to develop the different talents given by God
- It gives one an opportunity to meet new friends/ family
- One is able to read the word of God
- Provides an opportunity for one to preach/ evangelize
- Provides an opportunity to guide/ counsel others/ one another/ be guide
- Provides time to rest/ rejuvenate/ to regain lost energy
- Provides one with opportunity to take care of the environment
(b)
- Too much money/ wealth/ availability of drugs/ contraceptives
- Lack of inadequate facilities
- Lack of proper guidance/ education on how to use leisure
- Poverty
- Inability to select/ make the right decision
- Bad company/ peer pressure
- Watching/ reading pornographic materials/ negative media
- Misunderstanding in families/ frustrations
- Inability to balance between different activities
- Permissiveness
- Lack of role models
- Idleness/ boredom/ unemployment
8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c)
- The church has moral responsibility/ duty to correct evil in society
- It is a way of emulating Jesus Christ/ imitating
- It is against God’s teachings / laws
- To ensure fair distribution of human/ natural resources
- In order to uplift human dignity / human rights
- So as to create peace/ harmony/ unity in society
- To promote national development
- To guard against God’s judgment upon the nation
5.(a)
- A relative/ mediator/ identifies a girl from a family and suggests to the family of the young man
- Parents make the decision for children when still young
- Parents of the boy the parents of a girl to ask for her hand in marriage
- The young people could court and choose who to marry
- The first wife chooses a girl for her husband
- The young man and his age- mates waylay a girl and take away for marriage
- Bride- process could be paid to a family well in advance
- A young girl can be given as gift to another family
- Some exchange the girls from the two families
- One could inherit a brother’s wife
- A yough girl could be given as a way of setting a dispute/ replace one who had died/ setting debts
(b)
- Marriage is permanent/ highly valued
- There is investigation concerning the families to be involved in the marriages/courtship allowed in some communities
- Many people are involved in marriage negations
- The wife belongs to both the husband and the wider community
- Payment of dowry/ getting children seal the marriage
- Elaborate marriage procedures/ ritual make it difficult for one to divorce
- Fear of paying fines/ returning bride wealth in case of divorce/ lose of dignity
- Marriage disputes are handled by the parents/ elders
- In case of bareness / impotence an alternative is sought e.g. polygamy
- Boys/ girls are taught about sex/ family life
- Gender roles are clearly observed
(c)
- Loss of parental love/ guidance
- Can lead to abuse of drugs
- They can suffer emotional imbalance
- Can lead to school dropout/ truancy
- Children run away from home/ could become street children
- Can lead to child abuse/ labour
- Many engage in prostitution/ crime to provide for themselves ( criminals)
- Lead to disease/ death
- (a)
- There were leadership conflicts in the church
- The missionaries dominated the church leadership
- African protested against control of the local churches by mother churches in ( Europe/ America)
- There was the desire to share prestige enjoyed by the missionaries
- There was varied interpretations of the bible
- Doctrinal differences caused confusion to the Africans
- There arose the need to in- corporate African culture/ practices in the churches
- Some African leaders claimed to have received revelations/ instruction from God to start churches
- The success of the newly formed independent churches resulted in the formation of more churches
- Influences from the first/ second world war aroused nationalistic feelings.
- The Africans were educated/ learned/ had leadership skills
(b)
- It is against God’s teaching
- It was a form of idol worship
- Sacrifices were offered during the oathing ceremonies and yet Christ was the last sacrifice
- Some of the rituals accompanying the oathing were against Christian teaching/ dehumanizing ( barbaric/ primitive)
- Most oaths involved the shedding of blood/ killings
- Oathing emphasized collective responsibility
- Oathing bound the people to the ancestors/ spirits
- Oathing created divisions in the society/ family
- Oathing bound the participants who eventually formed cults
- It was full of secrecy/ instilled fear
- Practices related to oathing were unhygienic
(c)
- To praise God/ worship/ adore
- To relax entertainment/ release tension
- To strengthen the believer’s faith
- To express feelings/ petition God
- To impart spiritual teachings
- To develop/ recognize talents
- To involve the congregation/ keeping members alerts
- It is in line with biblical teachings/ command
- To attract more members in the church
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 313/ 1 2005
- Name the five books of the bible which are referred to as the Pentateuch
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
( 5 x 1= 5 marks)
- Write down five teachings about marriage from the biblical stories of creation
- Marriage is monogamous
- Marriage is between a man and a woman
- It is a permanent union/ no divorce / covenant
- Marriage is for procreation
- It is a continuation of God’s work of creation
- Husband and wife should not be ashamed of each other
- Man and woman are to complement each other/ help each other
- Marriage is for companionship
- Marriage is for love
- Marriage is sacred/ ordained by God/ holy
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why the temple in Jerusalem was important to the Israelite
- It was a place of worship
- It signified the pressure of God
- Sacrifices were offered there
- It united the Jews
- It was a business centre/ trade
- It housed the treasures of the nation
- It was an academic centre for the teachers of the law/ rabbis
- It was a residence for priests
- State five qualities of God from the teaching of Prophet Hosea
- Just
- Forgiving/ compassionate
- Patient/ tolerant
- Loving
- Saviour
- Powerful
- Everlasting
- Guide
( 5 x 1) = 5 mks)
- Give five reasons why Jesus was baptized
- To identify himself with sinners
- To be identified by John
- To be introduced to the crowd as the messiah
- To fulfill all righteousness
- It symbolized his death and resurrection
- To show that he was ready to start his work
- To acknowledge the work of John the Baptist as his forerunner
- State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick
- To demonstrate God’s love for human beings
- To take away their pain/ suffering
- People believed in his healing power/ people had faith in him
- To show that physical healing sometimes symbolized spiritual healing
- As a way of destroying the work of Satan
- To glorify God/ show God’s power
- To fulfill old testament prophesies
- List five teachings about kingdom of God from the parable of the year and the mustard seed
- It grows/ keeps on expanding
- It is hidden/ mysterious/ secret
- It is powerful
- It is universal
- Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have the last supper with his disciple
- He wanted to inform them of his coming death
- He wanted to identify his betrayer
- To establish the institution of the Holy communion/ supper
- To bestow authority to the disciples
- To share the last meal with them
- To show that the bread and wine symbolized his body and blood respectively
- To institute the new covenant
- To identify Peter as the leader
- To warn them about coming persecution after his departure
- Identify five factors that enabled Paul tow in converts among the Gentiles
- He was a Roman citizen
- His occupation as a tentmaker was not a burden
- He was well versed in religious/ legal matters
- He was unmarried/ celibate
- He was able to reach many converts through letter writing
- The ability to perform miracles and wonders
- There was peace in the Roman empire/ pax Roman
- The use of Greek as a common language in Roman empire
- There were good roads/ sea transport which led to efficient travel
- The Greek/ Roman religious were not fulfilling
(15 x 1 = 5 mks)
- State five lessons Christians learn on the cost of discipleship from the story of
Perpetua and Felistas
- A Christian should be ready to suffer/ endure persecution
- Christians should have faith in God
- They should love one another/ unite in suffering
- They should forgive their enemies
- They should be bold/ courageous
- They should rejoice in suffering
- They should encourage/ strengthen one another
- They should know that God’s calling is a priority to family demand/ ties
- Christians should know that martyrdom is not in vain/ there is hope in death
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- write down five places where worship is carried out in traditional African communities
- Under sacred trees
- In caves
- A river bank
- On rocks
- On mountains
- At waterfalls
- In shrines
- In homes of religious leaders
- At grave yards
- Give reasons why seclusion after childbirth is important in traditional African Communities
- It gives the mother time to regain the lost energy
- It keeps the mother/ baby evil eyes/ witchcraft
- It gives the mother time to rest
- It enables the mother to be trained on how to care for the baby
- It enables the mother to feed well produce enough milk
- It enables the baby to adjust to new life
- It enables the mother to take maximum care of the baby
- It marks the end of pregnancy at the beginning of new life
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities
- They predict the future
- They warn people about calamities
- The pre- intercede for the community/ individual during calamities
- They heal the sick
- They interpret messages from spiritual world
- They act as judges in society
- They mediate between God/ Spirits and people
- They comfort the sick in society
- They counsel people with problems
- They use various objects to reveal secrets in society/ expose the wrong doers
- Write down five reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional African communities
- The elders disciplined greedy people/ land grabbers
- There were clear guidelines on the use of land
- Those without land were assisted to acquire it by the clan/ community
- There was enough land assigned to individuals by elders. The wish/ will of
- Parents/ clan on property ownership was respected people were hesitant to acquire land unlawfully for fear of curses justice fairness by elders was adhered in land ownership allocation
- There were clear guidelines on land ownership
- State five problems faced by the Christian missionaries in Kenya by 1914
- Language barrier
- Hostile reception by some communities
- Poor means of transport
- Tropical diseases
- Unfavourable climate conditions
- Islam! African culture/ religion was an obstacle to Christian evangelization
- Rivalry among themselves
- Lack of funds/ resources
- Identify five causes of conflicts between the youth and the old people in the church today
- Mode of dressing language/ communication
- Controversies over the kind of music/ dance
- Issue relating on sex / marriage
- Rigidity in Biblical interpretations
- Controversies over observance of ritual/ church rules
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)
- State five ways in which Christians use their talents to promote evangelism in Kenya today
- Make articles for sale/ weaving / knitting
- Writing/ drawing Christians literature
- Teach others professional skills/ trade
- Acting Christians plays/ skits/ reciting poems
- Compose/ sing dance Christians music
- Preach the word to others
- Offering guidance counseling services
- Acting ushers/ master of ceremonies
- Give five reasons why Christians should vote during the general elections
- It is their constitutional right
- In order to own their elected leaders/ identify with them
- So as to remove oppressive leaders/ government
- In order to effect a peaceful change/ transition
- It is a demonstration of obedience to earthly authorities
- The elected leaders are their direct representatives in parliament / civic authorities
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)
- Write down five consequences of denying employees rest
- Poor working relationships/ lack of respect
- Leads to exhaustion/ fatigue
- Can results in poor health/ death
- Can result in go-slow
- There is mistrust/ need to be supervised so as to work
- Can lead to strikes/ riots/ violence
- Leads to loss of job/ sacking
- Leads to family conflicts/ suspicion/ separation/ divorce
- Lack of time for spiritual nourishment/ worship
- Leads to low morale/ negative attitude to work
- Identify five ways in which Christians assist people who are living with
HIV/AIDS
- Praying for them/ preaching to them
- Guiding and counseling them
- Providing medical services for them
- Providing basic needs for both the infected the family members
- Educating them on ways of avoiding re- infection/ teach them to live positively initiating
- Income – generating activities to provide employment for them preaching against their discrimination/ advocating for legislation to support their existence
- Building home/ shelter for them
- Visiting them
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2313/2 2005
1.a) Give reasons why the Israelites asked Samuel to appoint a king for them.
Samuel, their judge, was old.
- The sons of Samuel had failed as judges/they were unjust/corrupt.
- They wanted a king who would lead them into war
- They wanted a leader who would be recognized by other nations
- They wanted a political government with national authority.
- They wanted a human leader whom they could see/had rejected God their unseen King.
- The sons did not have the leadership qualities of their father.
- Samuel had imposed his sons as judges. 7×1=mks
- b) What were failures of King Saul?
- He performed the duties of a priest/ offered sacrifices.
- He was not patient to go by God’s timing/lacked faith in God.
- He has not repentant after his mistakes.
- He did not listen to the command of God to destroy all the loot from the Amalekites for selfish gains.
- He cheated Samuel that he wanted to offer the animals as sacrifice to God
- He listened to the voice of his subjects/army
- He wanted to kill David.
- He consulted a medium/witch.
- He killed the priest of the Lord. 6×2=12mks
- c) How has corruption affected the society in Kenya today?
There is an increase in crime
- The public has lost trust faith in the government
- There is an increase in poverty
- There is a high level of inflation
- Lack of quality services in all areas of life.
- There is hiring/employing inefficient people
- It has led to disillusion/poor morale of workers
- It has led to strikes/riots among workers.
- It has created unemployment due to inability to create jobs.
- It has created unemployment due to inability to create jobs.
- It has given the country a negative image globally 6×1=6marks
- a) Describe the call of prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 6) (9mks)
- He saw the Lord seated upon a high throne
- There were seraphim standing above the throne/proclaiming God’s glory.
- The foundation of the building shook and the house was filled with smoke.
- Isaiah realized that he was a sinner
- One of the seraphim flew onto Isaiah.
- The seraphim had a live coal in his hand
- He touched Isaiah heard the voice of God asking who could be sent
- Isaiah’s guilt/sins were taken away/forgiven
- Isaiah heard the voice of God asking who could be sent
- Isaiah was ready to be sent by God.
- He was told by God that the message he was to take to the people would be rejected.
- Isaiah asked God for how long he was to preach to those who would not understand the message.
- He was told that was to continue with the task until judgment fell on the people.
- b) Explain Jeremiah’s teaching on the ‘New covenant’. (10mks)
- The laws will be written in people’s hearts and not on stone tablets.
- The new covenant will be between an individual and God / personal salvation/relationship.
- There will be individual responsibility /punishment for those who sin.
- The new covenant will be everlasting.
- The new covenant will be universal.
- There will be forgiveness of sins/they will not be remembered
- There will be no mediators between God and the individual.
- The new covenant would be fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ.
5×2=10mks
- c) How should a Christian respond when offered a job in a hardship area?
- Give thanks to God for the job opportunity.
- One should pray about it.
- Should take up the challenge/accept the offer.
- Should carry out the mission of Jesus Christ.
- Should work with commitment/dedication
- Should adhere to professional ethics
- Should keep the contract of service.
- Should take care of the family
- Should take care of the family.
- Should take care of the filmily
- Should seek guidance on how to work /live in the hardship area
- Seek training in life skills.
61x =6mks)
- a) With reference to the incidents when Jesus was dedicated to God at
the age of forty days:
- Jesus would save people.
- He would bring glory to Israel.
- He would be a light to the gentiles.
- He would be a universal savior
- He would bring judgment to the Israelites.
- Many people would oppose his work.
- He would reveal secret thoughts of people.
- He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem.
6×2=12mk
- b) What lessons did the disciples of Jesus learn from the miracle of feeding of five thousand? (7mks)
- To be concerned for the physical needs of people
- They should thank God.
- To serve others /demonstrate humility
- To practice obedience.
- To praise sharing
- To co-operate with others.
- To be responsible/careful. 7×1=7mks
(c) Why do some Christians find it difficult to share their wealth with others?
- There is selfishness/ individuals in modern society
- The high costly of living has led to economic constraints
- Some only share with members of their tribe/ race/ clan/ family
- Denominational differences hinder the spirit of sharing
- It can encourage dependence/ laziness
- It is difficult to identify those who may genuinely require help/ assistance
- Those receiving help may be suspicious
- Those receiving the assistance may not show appreciation
- They have not understood the biblical concept of sharing
( 1 x 6 = 6 mks)
- (a) State the teachings of Jesus on how a Christian should approach God in
prayer
- Prayer should be addressed to God the father
- One should go to a secret place/ quiet place
- A Christian should be specific/ precise when praying
- One should have faith/ pray expectantly
- On should be persistent in prayer
- One should praise/ adore God when praying
- One should confess his / her sins
- One should forgive others while praying
- One should ask for his/ her need
- One should be humble when praying
- One should pray for God’s will to be done
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) With reference to the day of Pentecost, outline Peter’s message on the people
- He told the people that the disciples were not drunk
- They were filled by the holy spirit as fulfillment of God’s prophecy
- That Jesus was the son of God
- God’s power was seen in the miracles, signs and wonders performed by Jesus
- Jesus had been killed by the Jews because of their wickedness
- God raised Jesus back to life
- Jesus was a descendant of David
- That Jesus ascended to heaven and is at the right hand of God
- Jesus is the lord/ Christ
- He called the people to repent their sins so as to be forgiven
- They were to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ
(6 x 2 = 12 mks)
(c) Qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today
- Should be knowledgeable in/ conversant with God’s word
- Should be obedient to God’s commandments
- Have their faith / trust in Jesus
- Preach the gospel/ win others to the kingdom of God
- Should help the needy
- Live a life of fellowship with others/ listen to others
- Be exemplary/ be the salt and light of the world/ role model
- Ready to suffer for Christ/ self denial
- Guide and counsel others
- Pray all the time
- Condemn evils in the society
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (a) Discuss the factors that promoted harmony and mutual responsibility in
traditional African communities ( 8 mks)
- People participated in communal work
- There was sharing of resources among members of the community
- All members took part in rites of passage
- There were rules/ taboos to regulate behavior
- Deviant members in the community were heavily punished
- Children were educated on the moral values/ social ethics/ customs/ traditions of the community
- People were educated on their responsibilities/ obligations in the society
- The role of each member of the community was spelt out/ upheld/ there was division of labour
- The extended family system ensured that all members of the community were provided for
- The people had some origin/ religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
- There was communal worship
- The community had methods of defending the members against external attacks
- The community had social/ political organization which were respected by all
- There was communal ownership of land
- There were proper guidelines on the use/ disposal of community wealth
8 x 1 = 8 mks
- What changes are taking place in the property ownership in traditional African communities
- Women/ children can now own property
- Wealth is longer determined by the number of wives/ children
- The introduction of money economy has reduced the value attached to land
- The roles of elders in sharing of property has been eroded
- Land is individually owned through the issuance of title deeds
- People write wills to share/ decide who should inherit their property
- Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home
- Land can now be sold/ auctioned
5 x 2 = 10 mks
- Why is the church in Kenya opposed to the practice of wife inheritance?
- It may lead to abandonment of children/ wife
- It can cause jealousy/ breakage of the family
- It may lead to destruction of property/ snatching/ grabbing/ property
- It is dehumanizing/ oppressive to the woman/ widow
- It can lead to disease/ HIV/ AIDS
- It can cause embarrassment to the concerned members
- It is against the Christian teaching of monogamy
- It may lead to street children/ increase in crime
- It can lead to mistreatment of children/ wife
- It can lead to death
- It can create psychological/ emotional problems
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
- (a) Describe the changes the Christian missionaries introduced to the African
communities in Kenya by 1945 ( 12 mks)
- They introduced the Christian faith/ bible
- A new class of religious specialists developed/ catechists
- They introduced Western education/ people learnt how to read and write
- New agricultural crops such as coffee replaced the growing of some indigenous crops
- Hospitals were established where diseases were treated using European medicines/ technology
- Some aspects of African religious beliefs/ practices were denounced
- Church structures replaced traditional African places of worship
- They introduced a particular day of worship/ Sabbath day
- They paved way for colonialization
- They trained Africans in various fields of specialization
- They converted Africans were alienated form their families/ communities
(6 x 2 = 12 mks)
- What problems is the church in Kenya facing due to industrialization
- Rise in family breakage
- There is pollution of water/ air
- It has led to individualism/ selfishness
- There is an increase in social vices
- It has led to exploitation of workers/ over working
- There is exploitation/ destruction of land/ deforestation
- It has led to division in the family
- It has contributed to poor health/ sickness/ death
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) Outline the steps the church is taking to reduce poverty in Kenya today
- Advocates for equitable distribution of resources
- Condemns unfair treatment of workers
- Supports income generating activities among its members
- Initiates projects where people are employed
- Establishes people on the importance of sharing resources/ communal living
- Encourage self- employment
- Preaches against idleness/ encourages dignity of work
- Condemns deals in the society
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
K.C.S.E 2006CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/1
MARKING SCHEME
- (a) Reasons why Christian read the bible
- It provides Christians with moral values
- It is a source of spiritual
- It is used in Christian worship
- It gives them inspirational/ hope
- It helps them to understand their relationship with God
- It is a source of Christian beliefs/ practices
- It reveals God to them makes them understand the will of God
- It is a source of knowledge
- It is the word of God the authours were inspired by God
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
- Attributes of God as portrayed in Genesis story of creation. ( chapter 1
and 2)
- God is all powerful/ omnipotent
- God of order/ orderly/ perfect
- He is everywhere/ omnipresent
- He is the provider/ sustainer
- He is the creator
- He is all knowing/ omniscient
- He commands moral ( obedient – Adam & Eve) Gen 2: 16
- He is loving (wants personal relationship with man)
- He is everlasting/ self existence
- He is a spirit
- God is the source of goodness
- God is holy Gen. 2: 3
( 7 x 1 = 7 mks)
- Consequences pf breaking taboos in traditional African communities
- Paying of a fine
- Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
- Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
- Being killed
- Cleaning/ undergoing rituals
- Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
- Offering compensation
- Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
- Denial of privileges
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Promises that God made to Abraham
- He would make Abrahams name great/ famous
- God would bless those who bless Abraham/ curse those who curse him/ protect him
- All the families of the world would be blessed through Abraham
- God would give land to Abraham’s descendants
- He would give Abraham many descendants/ he would have a great nation
- God will bless Abraham
- God would give Abraham long life/ he would die in peace
- He would give Abraham a son/ heir
- Kings will come from Abraham’s descendants
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) Problems Moses faced as he led the Israelites during Exodus
- Lack of water for the Israelites
- Lack of food for the Israelites
- Complains/ grumbling by the Israelites/ refuse to listen to Moses
- Warring tribes in the desert
- Settling of disputes among the people
- Traveling in hostile/ harsh climate conditions/ terrain
- Lack of faith from the people/ worship of the golden calf
- Rebellion/ opposition from his family
- Threat from the Egyptian army
- Bites from snakes
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
- Reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews
- It was an outward sign of the inner faith in God
- It was a physical badge/ identity for all male children
- It showed that one had made a covenant with God/ that benefits form God’s promises to Abraham
- It was a sign of obedience to God
- It signified purity/ cleanliness
- Through it, one became a member of Jewish community/ Abraham’s family
(4 x 1= 4 mks)
- (a) Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king
- Samuel had become old/ unable to rule/ feared he would dies
- Samuel appointed his sons as judges/ made the post hereditary
- The sons of Samuel were corrupt/ his sons had failed as judges
- The Israelites wanted to be like others nations
- They wanted a king who could lead them to war against their enemies
- They wanted a leader whom they could see/ rejected God as their king
- They wanted a political government with national authority/ organized system etc
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(b)
- He built the temple for the worship of Yahweh
- He established trade links with neighboring nations
- He built many cities in Israel/ infrastructure
- He organized the central government/ improved tax collection/ established a strong army to maintain peace
- He established diplomatic links with other countries/ nations
- He built a magnificent palace
- He composed proverbs songs for the worship of Yahweh/ wrote the book of ecclesiastics
- He settled disputes wisely
- He installed the ark of the covenant in the temple/ dedicated the temple of God.
(c) Causes of power struggle which God reveals himself to Christians today
- Greed for lack material possession/ poverty
- Hypocrisy among the believers/ leaders misbehavior
- Tribalism/ nepotism/ clanism/ racism/ ethnicity/ all other forms of discrimination
- Gender gap
- Economic status/ rich versus the poor in the church
- Educational status
- Differences in interpretation of the Christian doctrine
- Rigidity/ conservatism among leaders
- Political interference in the leadership of the church
- Fighting for recognition/ prestige
- Succession wrangles
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (a) The role of prophets in the Old Testament
- They spoke on behalf of God/ God’s messengers/ mouth pieces
- They foretold the future events
- They guided counseled the kings
- They called people back to repentance/ gave message of hope
- They reminded the people about the covenant
- They condemned the evil in society
- They warned the people of God’s judgment
- They made the people understand the nature of God
- They offered sacrifices to God
- They anointed kings
- They interpret the vision dreams from God/ current events
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- Reasons why prophet Amos was against the way Israelites worshipped
God
- They gave empty sacrifices which did not reflect holy lives
- They practiced syncretism
- There was sincerity in worship/ hypocrisy
- They made idols/ worshipped idols
- They built many high places of worship for idols
- They misused the temple by feasting drinking
- They refused to listen to the prophets of God/ listened to false prophets
- They misused the Sabbath
- They practiced Temple prostitution
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
(c) Ways through which God reveals himself to Christians
- Through visions
- Through dreams
- By reading the word of God/ bible
- Listening to preachers/ crusades/ observing role models
- Through answering prayers miracles
- Through nature events/ calamities
- Through the holy spirit/ the gifts of the Holy Spirit
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)
- (a) The problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of
Jerusalem
- The officials of Tekoa did not co-operate with him ( Neh3:5
- He was ridiculed by Sanballat and Tobiah. Neh 2:17 – 19, 4: 2- 3
- He received threats of violence from the enemies Neh 4: 7 – 8
- A trap was laid to drill his mission of rebuilding the wall. Neh 4: 12
- There was a plot to kill him. Neh 6: 2 -3
- Insecurity from the enemies Neh 4: 11 – 12
- False prophets tried to discourage him. Neh 6: 14
- Opposition from the Jewish nobles Neh 4: 19
- False accusation from his enemies Neh 6: 5-9
(5x 2 = 10 mks)
- The symbolic acts used by prophets Jeremiah to demonstrate God’s judgment and punishment to the Israelites
- Buying a new linen waistcloth and buying in a cleft of the rock Jer 13L 1 – 11
- Jeremiah was not to marry. Jer 16: 1- 18
- The reworking of the vessels by the potter. Jer 18: 1 – 17
- The breaking of the earthen flask before the elders. Jer 19: 1 – 15
- He was shown two baskets or figs one with good figs and another with bad figs. Jer 24: 1 -10
- Wearing of the yoke Jer 27: 1 – 15
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)
- Lessons Christians learns from prophet Jeremiah’s teaching on the new covenant
- They should internalize the Law of God/ laws of God are in their hearts
- They should have personal relationship with God/ know God personally
- There is individual responsibility/ punishment when one sins
- There is forgiveness of sins if one repents/ reconciliation
- Christian have an everlasting relationship with God
- Those who repent their sins have a new beginning
- The need to have faith in God
- They should obey practice the law of God
- They learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
- (a) The importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in
traditional African communities
- Bathing of the baby sets in the begging of new life
- Shaving of the mother and baby’s hair symbolizes new status
- Choosing of the appropriate name to give the baby is for identification/ incorporation into the wider society/ honour to the ancestors
- Feeding of the baby symbolized new life growth
- Holding of the baby by members of the community shows concern for it/ shared responsibility by the extended family
- Saying prayer/ words of blessings for the mother and baby signifies long life
- Slaughtering of animals is a way of thanksgiving to ancestors/ God
- Feasting is a sign of joys/ socialialism/ welcoming the baby/ acceptance
- Giving of presents to the baby/ mother is a sign o f good will/ ownership of property
- Wearing of charms signifies protection for the baby/ mother
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)
- Moral values acquired during marriage in traditional African Communities
- Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience
- Respect/ courtesy
- Responsibility/ hard work
- Hospitality/ kindness
- Tolerance/ perseverance/ endurance/ patience
- Love
- Co-operation/ unity
- Humility
- Honesty
- Integrity
- Courage
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- Reasons why death is feared in traditional African Communities
- It disrupts the rhythm of human life/ activity
- It is irrevocable/ in escapable
- It brings impurity to the family
- It deprives the community of the individuals
- It involves too many rituals
- It comes unannounced
- It separates one from the loved ones/ marks the end of life on earth
- Nobody knows about the life after death
- It may cause misunderstanding in the community
- Death rites reveal people’s characteristics
- It brings poverty to the family involved
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2006
- (a) The visit of the Angel of the Lord to the Shepherds on the night Jesus was born.
- The shepherds were looking after their flocks in the field at night
- The angel appeared to them
- The glory of the lord shone around them
- They were filled with fear
- The angle reassured them/ told them not to fear
- He told them of the good news of the birth of Jesus
- They were told where to find baby Jesus
- The angles gave them a sign on how they would find Jesus
- There appeared a host of angles singing/ praising God
- The angles left them/ went back to heaven
- The shepherds went to Bethlehem/ found baby Jesus
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) The differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.
- John the Baptist preached mainly in the wilderness/ the desert of Judah, while
Jesus preached in the synagogues/ homes cities/ towns/ temple
- John the Baptist called people to repentance, while Jesus forgave/ died for
their sins
- John the Baptist with water, but Jesus was baptized with the holy spirit/ fire
- John the Baptist lived the life of Nazarite, while Jesus mixed freely with all
people
- The emphasis of John the Baptist preaching was in the promised Messiah,
while that of Jesus was about the kingdom of God
- John the Baptist’s message was direct whereas Jesus preached in parables
- While John the Baptist disciples fasted, the disciples of Jesus ate and drank
- John the Baptist did not perform miracles, but Jesus ministry was full of
signs/ wonders
- John the Baptist was the fore runner / prepared the way while Jesus fulfilled/
was the messiah
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(c) Lessons Christians learn about family relationships from the incident when
Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover Festival.
- Christians should obey their parents
- Parents should teach their children about God
- Parents should provide opportunities for their children to mix with others
- Parents should love/ be concerned about their children
- Family ties should about be broken/ families should live in unity
- God’s work takes priority over the family
- Parents should recognize their children’s talents/ abilities
- There should be open communities among family members
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) The story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain ( Luke 7: 11- 17)
- Jesus went to the city of Nain accompanied by his disciples/ crowd
- At the age of the city, he met people carrying a dead man
- The dead man was the only son of the widow
- The mother/ widow was accompanied by a large crowd
- Jesus felt pity for the widow/ told her not to weep
- Jesus touched the bier ( coffin) in which the body lay
- Jesus told the dead man to arise
- The dead man sat up/ began to speak
- Jesus gave the man to his mother
- The people were filled with fear
- The people glorified the lord
- Jesus fame spread in Judea/ in the surrounding region
8 x 1 = 8 mks
(b) How the church continues with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ
- Christians pray for/ preach to the sick
- Laying hands on the sick/ anointing them/ any other miraculous healing
- Providing guidance and counseling services
- Constructing hospitals/ health centers/ rehabilitation centers
- Providing preventive/ curative drugs/ treating the sick
- Paying medical expenses for the sick
- Producing/ disseminating literature/ electronic media on health issues
- Preaching against evil/ causes of ailments that interfere with good health
- Providing food/ clothing/ shelter/ finances to the sick/ needy
- Visiting the sick
- Training medical personnel
- Educating through seminars/ workshops
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) Lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus
- Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/ holy
- They should be always alert
- They should not be selfish/ share God’s secrets with others
- It teaches that Jesus was a fulfillment of the Old Testament law/ prophesies
- They should be prayerful
- They learnt that Jesus is the messiah foretold by the Old Testament prophets
- They should enter the presence of God with great respect/ reverence
- They should learn to endure suffering
- They should live with hope knowing that there is life after death
- They should be slow to speak/ learn more about Christ before they speak
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching
- To encourage sinners to accept the word of God
- To show consequences of loose living
- To encourage people to realize their sinfulness / be willing to repent/ reconcile
- To teach about God’s love for all people/ kingdom of God is for all people
- To show God’s unconditional forgiveness
- To warn against judging others/ condemning them
- To teach his audience the need to rejoice for/ welcome repentant sinners
- He wanted to encourage families to live in harmony / unity
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) Preparations that Jesus made for the last supper
- Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare for the last supper/ Passover
- He instructed two disciples to go into the city/ Jerusalem
- He told them that they would meet a man in the city carrying a jar of water
- Jesus told them that they should follow the man into the house he would enter
- Once in the house, the disciples were to ask the owner/ householder to show them the guest room
- Jesus told the disciples that the householder/ owner would show them a large furnished upper room
- He instructed the disciples to prepare the room
- The disciples to prepare the meal
- Jesus together with his disciples sat down in the prepared room
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c) Reasons that made Judas Iscariot betray Jesus
- Greed for money/ material possession
- It was God’s will for the fulfillment of the scriptures to be realized
- Judas was unable to overcome/ conquer the power of evil/ he was tempted by Satan (Diabalos)
- He was looking for fame/ recognition
- He was unhappy with Jesus activities
- He was an informer of the Jewish religious leaders
- He was expecting a political messiah yet Jesus was a spiritual Messiah
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
- (a) Spirituals gifts taught by St. Paul in the Early church
(i) Wisdom
(ii) Knowledge
(iii) Faith
(iv) Healing
(v) Working miracles
(vi) Prophecy/ preaching
- ability to distinguish between spirits/ discernment
- Speaking in tongues
- Interpretation of tongues
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(b) How the use of the gifts of the holy spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth
- The people who had the gifts of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have
- There was competition in speaking in tongues
- There was no interpretation of tongues hence messages were not understood
- People did not show love to one another as they used the gifts of the Holy
- There was disorder/ confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to out do one another
- People did not use their gifts for the growth/ development of the church
- Gifts such as prophecy/ teaching/ preaching were looked down upon
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(c) Contribution of women in the church in Kenya today.
- Women engage in preaching the gospel/ evangelism
- They clean/ decorate the church
- Women take care of young children in the church
- They contribute money/ clothes/ food to the less fortunate/ needy
- They prepare meals for church leaders/ visitors/ prepare holy communion
- They act as ushers in the church
- Women run income generating projects/ other projects for the church
- Women sing in church choir
- They organize seminars/ workshops in the church/ guide and counsel members
- They are leaders in the church/ participate in choosing leaders
- Women give tithes/ offering to the church
- Women pray/ intercede
6 x1 = 6 mks)
- (a) Advantages of a Monogamous Marriages
(i) It enhances intimacy/ conjugal rights in the family
(ii) It upholds dignity/ honour of the family members/ children respect their
Father
(iii) Security is enhanced
(iv) Love is not divided
(v) It eases wrangles on property ownership/ inheritance
(vi) It is a covenant protected by God/ the state
(vii) Law and order prevails in the family/ there is harmony/ unity
- It reduces the risk of being infected with sexually transmitted infection/ HIV and AIDS
- Providing for family needs/ resources is easier
- It is easier to develop mutual confidence/ trust among family members
- It reduces delinquency among the children
- The woman takes pride in the marriage/ is able to enjoy privileges
(b) Factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today.
(i) Poor role models/ lack of role models
(ii) stress / depression/ rebellion (frustrations)
(iii) Peer pressure/ curiosity
(iv) Influence of mass media
(v) Availability/ cheap cost of drugs / too much wealth
(vi) Irresponsible parenthood
- Lack of guidance and counseling
- Corruption/ greed
- Poverty
- Moral decay/ permissiveness in the society
- Lack of knowledge/ ignorance on the use of drugs
- Idleness
- Urbanization/ western culture 7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) Reasons why the church participates in the fight against HIV and
AIDS.
(i) It is a continuation of Jesus works of healing
(ii) The church has a duty to guide and counsel/ promote moral values in the
Society
(iii) To cater for the infected / affected members within the church
(iv) To conserve / preserve God’s creation
(v) It is the duty of the church to help reduce human suffering
(vi) To promote economic development
(vii) To promote peace in the family co- existence
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
- (a) The rights of citizens in Kenya today
(i) Rights to life/ live
(ii) Rights to have basic needs/ food/ shelter/ clothing
(iii) Right to receive education
(iv) Right to marry/ raise up a family/ belong to a family
(v) Right to have freedom of association/ assembly
(vi) Right to freedom of speech/ receive information/ expression
- Right to own property
- Freedom of worship
- Right to liberty/ movement
- Right to work/ earn a living
- Right to medical care/ health
- Right to security/ protection by law
- Freedom of conscience / right to vote
7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(b) Reasons why Christians pay taxes to the government in Kenya
(i) To emulate Jesus who paid tax to the Roman authorities
(ii) To heed Jesus instructions to respect the civil authorities
(iii) Christianity pay taxes in order to receive service from the government
(iv) To provide essential services
(v) Christians pay taxes as a sign of patriotism
(vi) Christians pay taxes as a way of sharing their wealth/ resources with others
- It is their duty to pay taxes to the government
- To enable the government to meet its financial obligations
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c)How the church is helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya
- Providing guidance and counseling
- Preaching about love for one another in the society
- Rehabilitating law breakers
- Providing jobs/ offering training opportunities to the people
- Giving loans to people to start/ run business
- Providing recreational facilities/ organizing recreational activities for the youth
- Reporting criminals to the law enforcement authorities
- Disciplining deviant members of the church
- Participating in government programmes established to fight crime ( e.g. community policing)
- Obeying the laws of the country/ being role models
- Praying for peace/ harmony
- Teaching responsible parenthood
- Providing basic needs for the needy
- Condemning evil practices in the society/ teaching against crime.
C.R.E paper 1
Ms 2009
PAPER 1
- The teaching about human beings from the biblical creation accounts
- Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God
- They have been given authority /domination over God creation.
- They communicate /fellowships with God.
- They are special/the greatest creation of God
- They have the ability to think /reason/make choices/decision sin their lives
- They are blessed by God
- They have give a special place to stay/Garden of Eden
- Human beings are to use other creation/plant for their benefits
- They are to take care of the creation till the land work
- Human beings are to procreate/multiply through marriage.
- Man and woman era to compliment/provide companionship for each other.
- Human beings are Gods creation/male and female.
- The woman is created out of hetmans rib
(7×1= 7 mks)
- b) Effects of sin on Adam and Eve
- They started dying yet they were to live forever
- They became afraid of God/they hide when He called them.
- They lost authority over the other creation
- Man was to rule over the woman/inequality between man and woman set in.
- The woman was to be in pain when giving birth
- There developed enemity between the human beings and the serpent
- They became embarrassed because of their nakedness
- They were expelled out of the Garden of Eden /separated with God
- They developed mistrust between man and woman.
(4×2=8 mks)
- c) How the church helps to bring back members who have fallen from the faith.
- By visiting the/inviting them to their homes
- By being patient/forgiving them
- By evangelizing to them/preach/teaching
- By guiding and counseling them/referring them to experts according to their needs.
- Praying for them
- By inviting them back to church
- By encouraging them to repent/confess
- By offering material needs/aids (5×1= 5 mks)
- (a)The characteristics of a covenant between god and Abraham.
- A covenant is made between two parties who enter into a mutual agreement. God and Abraham were the two parties that entered into a mutual agreement.
- In a covenant promises are made. God made several promises of what He would for Abraham
- The covenants solemnized through rituals. Abraham offered animals/birds as sacrifices to God.
- A covenant has an outward sign. Abraham was to circumcise all his male children/descendants to show that he made a covenant with God.
- Covenant has conditions/obligations to be met. The covenant between God and Abraham was not be broken it bound even his descendants generations later
- During covenant making there were witnesses. God as the sole initiator rasped through the sacrifice as the witness to the covenant
- A covenant is sealed. It was abseiled through the blood of animal
- Mark for mention
- Mark for explanation
(4x 2=8 mks)
- b) The similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.
- In both it promotes one into full membership of the community.
- It is a mark of identification of a person to a particular community
- It is carried out on male children
- In both cases circumcision has a religious significance
- In both cases special people/religious leaders/head of the communities carry out the operation.
- In both cases it unites the members it the ancestors
- In both cases members receive new names
- In both cases the rite is carried on from generation to generation/out cost compulsory
- In both cases the ritual is a communal affair.
- In both cases it involved the cutting of the foreskin
(7×1= 7 mks).
(c) Identify lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham
- God demands faith/obedience from people.
- God is the provider/sustainer/giver
- God blesses/curses
- God is the protector
- God is the controller of the world
- God is a spirit/everywhere
- God is be worshiped
- God guides people
- God speaks/makes promises/fulfills promises
- God cares for His people.
- (a) the functions of the temple in the Jewish community
- It was used for worship/prayers
- It was the place where the law was taught to children/people
- Priest burnt sacrifices/offered incense in the temple to God.
- Purification rituals were conducted here
- It was a home for priests. Residential for Levites
- Dedications/presentations of the babies were carried out in the temple
- It was the business centre for Jews. Commercial centre
- The Jewish council (Sanhedrin) held their session her/a place where cases were heard/determined/law court
- All the Jewish festivals were celebrated here.
(7×1= 7 mks)
- b) Ways which show that King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life.
- He married foreign wives/concubines.
- He allowed worship of foreign gods/idols/he worshiped foreign gods.
- He murdered his half brother adonijah whom he thought would rival his power
- He taxed the Israelites heavily for his upkeep
- He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on God.
- He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on god
- He built places of worship for the false gods
- He subjected the Israelites to force labuor/slavery during the construction of the temple/his palace.
- He signed treaties with his neighbors for protection
- He sold land to Hiram King of Tire
- He use more time to build his palace than the temple of God
(6×1= 6 mks)
(c) Factors that have led to the increase of Christians denominations in Kenya.
- Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power.
- Differences in biblical interoperations/hunger for power
- Resistance to change by the older church members who want to remain as it was/generation gap.
- Material gain/greed selfishness where starting a church has become a business
- Lacks of spiritual satisfaction by some members make them start their own churches
- Lack of good exam {le/poor role model by the leaders/corrupt leaders
Vii Desire to be free from missionary/foreign control
Viii Differences in mode of worship/ritual observance /model of worship
ix Nepotism/tribalism/clannish/racialism among Christians
- The Kenya constitution has allowed freedom of worship
- Disagreements in ethical issues/policies in the church regarding how certain
matters should be handled e.g. family planning, dressing.
- (a) similarities between prophets in the Old testament and traditional
African communities.
NB/No contrast
- Both mediated between God and people.
- Both received revelation from God/they were Gods spokespeople /delivered message.
- Both foretold the future/predicted/warned/seers
- Both played religious as well as political role
- Both spoke with authority/charismatic leaders
- Both acknowledged the presence of supreme being/supernatural power
- In both, there were prophets and prophetesses
- Both prophesied to condemn evil in the society
- In both, their prophecies were fulfilled
- In both there were consulted on various issue sin society.
(b) The teaching of prophet Amos on the remnant and a restoration of the Israelites(Amos 9: 8-15)
- God would restore the dynasty of David after destruction
- God would bring the people back to their land
- The people would rebuild their cities so that the remnant of Edom can occupy them
- The land would be reproductive/grapes will be in abundance/wine would be in plenty
- The people would grow food and harvest it
- The people of Israel would peaceful/prosperous
- The Israelites would never be taken into exile again.
(5×1=5 mks)
- c) The relevance of prophet Amos on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya today
- Christians are Gods people
- It is God who chooses them to be Christians
- God chooses one to be a Christians
- The Christians have been chosen by God to proclaim the good news/service.
- God protects the His people from their enemies
- Christians should be faithful/obedient to god
- They will be punished by God if they do wrong.
- They should always repent their sins/ask for forgiveness
- The priests/bishops/church leaders are chosen by God
- (a) The promises that Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God during the times of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10: 28-39)
- They were to live according to Gods law/obey all his commandments/requirements
- They would not intermarry with the foreigners living in their land
- They promised not to farm every seventh year/they were to cancel all the debts
- They would make annual contribution towards temple expenses/not to neglect the house of God
- They were to provide wood for burnt sacrifices
- They were to offer the first fruits of their harvest/dedicate their first born sons/flocks as required by the law
- They would pay their tithes in accordance with the law
- They will not do any business on the Sabbath day.
(4 x2 = 8 mks)
- b) The final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in
Judah.
- Cleansing of the temple
- Reinstating of the Levites and other temple workers
- He ordered the closure of Jerusalem for proper Sabbath observance
- He separated the Jewish from the foreigners
- He purified the priesthood.
- Throwing out the household of Tobia out of the chamber
- Cleansing the chamber in the temple
- Returning the vessels of the house of God
- Appointing treasures over the storehouses
- Sopping the buying and selling of wares on the Sabbath day
- He ordered an end to mixed marriages/foreigners.
- c) The problem that Christians leaders in their work today.
- Opposition from political leaders/society.
- Lack of cooperation from the members of the church/lack of unity among Christians
- False prophets/cultic affiliation// hypocrisy/black magic/witchcraft
- Misinterpretation of the scriptures
- Drug abuse among the members
- Lack of adequate time for pastoral care
- Poor infrastructure that make it impossible to reach some areas
- Insecurity in some parts of the country
- Lack of resources to enable them spread the good new/poverty
- Lack of professional training to enable them do their work effectively.
- Permissiveness/moral decadence, which has become the order of the day.
- Negative influence from the mass media/pornography.
(7×1= 7 mks)
- a) Rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional African
Communities
- There is feasting in family/relatives
- Prayers of thanks giving/blessings /protection so offered
- Protective charms are given to the mother.
- Sacrifices are offered to God
- The mother/baby are kept in seclusion
- There is dancing/singing for the new life
- The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
- The baby/mother are given gifts
- The mother hair is shaved
- Ululations are made to announce the sex of the baby .
- The baby is washed
- The baby is given bitter/seat substance to take.
(6 x1 = 6 mks)
(b) Reasons why the children are important in traditional African Communities
- They ensure the continuity of the society
- They inherit the parent property
- They take care of there parents during old age.
- They cement the relationship between the husband and wife/make the marriage stable
- They are a source of labour
- They offer security to the society/act as warriors when they grow up
- They are a replacement of the dead relatives/ancestors
- Children are a source of wealth to the family community
- They run errands for the community.
(6×1 = 6 mks)
C.R.E
PAPER II 2009
1 a) The message of Prophet Isaiah messiah (Luke 1: 26-36)
- The messiah would be a descendant of David/rule of the throne of David
- The messiah will rule forever
- He would be despised /rejected by many/a man of sorrow/suffering servant
- He would be born of a young woman/virgin
- Messianic reign/rule will bring happiness/joy to the Israelites
- He would be wounded for people’s transgressions/would suffer for sins of human beings
- Peace /prosperity will prevail during the messianic reign
- He will be called wonderful/counselor/mighty god/Everlasting Father/Prince of peace/anointed/God Immanuel.
- He will rule with justice/ righteousness
- He would have characteristics of normal human being/child
- His suffering through the will God/it will be initiated by God.
(4 x2 =8mks)
- b) The activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2:6-20)
- Mary, the mother of baby Jesus wrapped him in swaddling clothes.
- She laid him in a manger
- Angle of the Lord appeared singing the praise of God
- A multitude of angles appeared singing the praise of God.
- The shepherds hurried to see the baby
- The shepherds spread the news to many people
- The shepherd sung/praises God after they had seen baby Jesus
- The shepherds retuned to their homes/work.
(6×1 =6 mks)
- c) The importance of singing in Christian Service
- It is an opportunity to praise/adore God
- Christians pass messages/pray through singing
- Singing creates a atmosphere of worshippers relax
- Singing creates an atmosphere of worship
- The singing removes boredom because of the varied activities during the service
- God given talents are portrayed/enhanced during singing.
- Non members are attracted to church through singing
- Those who feel depressed era encouraged through singing
- Singing unites/brings worshippers together as they all join in chorus/song.
(9×1= 6 mks)
2 (a) A description of when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth (Luke 4: 16-30)
- Jesus came to Nazareth where he was brought up.
- He went to the synagogue as he usually did on the Sabbath day
- He was given book of prophet Isaiah when he stood up to read.
- He opened the book, found the place that was written about him and read it to the people.
- After reading he closed the book and gave it to the attendant and sat down
- Everybody in the synagogue looked at him
- He told them that the scripture he has read was fulfilled in their hearing
- All people were happy with what he had spoken
- People wondered a loud saying “is this not Joseph’s son
- Jesus told them that they would ask him to do in his own country things he had done in Capernaum/he told them that a prophet is not accepted in his own country things .
- He told them that there were many widows in Israel during the time of Elijah but God sent the prophet to a widow in Zarephath/God only healed Naaman the Syrian of leprosy during the time of Prophet Elisha.
- They were filled with anger/wanted to throw him head long the cliff
- Jesus passed through their midst and went away.
(7×1= 7 mks)
(b) Reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees in Galilee Luke 5: 12, 6: 11
- Jesus touched a man with leprosy which was against the Jewish law
- He forgave sins which the Pharisees knew only god could do/healed the paralyzed man.
- He mixed/ate with the tax collectors who were known to be sinners
- Jesus made it clear to them that he had not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.
- His disciples did not fast, like those of the John the Baptist which annoyed the Pharisees
- He challenged them to move from the old traditional orders to the new ones which he had brought
- The disciples of Jesus plucked and ate grains on the Sabbath day which was unlawful/he healed a man with a withered hand on a Sabbath
(4×2= 8 mks)
(c) 5 ways in which church leaders can respond to those who oppose the ion
their work
- Find out the causes/reasons for the opposition
- The church leader should pray for/with them
- Explain to them the Gospel truth in a humble manner/guide and counsel them
- Seek reconciliation through third party/another person
- Involve them in decision making/church activities
- Recognize there efforts in supporting the church maters
- Visit them in there homes/fellowship with them /preaching
- Assist them when in problem. (financial/materially)
- Send them message of encouragement
- Change your approach to issue/reform where necessary.
(5×1=5)
3 (a) The teaching that Jesus made to the guests at the Pharisees house in
(Luke 14: 1-14)
- Saving a life can be done on a Sabbath day
- It well to respond to an emergency even on a Sabbath
- Human life is more important than the animal which the Pharisees accept to rescue on the Sabbath day.
- It is good for to humble him/sit in lowly place when invited
- Those who exalt themselves will be humbled those who humble themselves will be exalted.
- It is blessed to invite the poor/maimed/lame /blind tot the feast instead if ones relatives/friends who can invite you in return
- Those who do good for the less fortunate will be repaid during the resurrection of the just.
(5×1=5 mks)
- b) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the great feast in his teaching in
(Luke 14: 15-24)
- He wanted to explain that invitation to god’s Kingdom is open to many people.
- He wanted to show that the Jews were given the first chance to be part of god’s Kingdom but they rejected.
- He wanted to show that people reject god’s call due to material possession/family commitment which can be a stumbling block ones spiritual life.
- He wanted to show that gentiles/outcasts are called to God ‘s Kingdom to replace the non responding Jews.
- He needed to explain that the God’s invitation/call are extended to many people/god offers universal salvation.
- So as to explain that those who refuse/do not accept god’ call will not receive blessing of god’s Kingdom/will not enter the kingdom of god.
- He wanted to challenge the Jews /Pharisees who counted themselves as righteous yet they failed to respond to God’s call.
(4×2=8 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians take part in the Lord ’s Supper.
- Through it, they remember the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for the forgiveness of sin.
- The ceremony is a form of tanking for god’s love/redemption plan
- It is time that Christians reaffirm/renew their faith tin God/bind themselves in the covenant
- It gives Christians an opportunity to repent/ask for forgiveness of sin
- It unites the believers/they fellowship/share with one another
- The partakers experience the presence of God through the sharing of the bread and wine which represent his body and blood respectively
- It is a sign of obedience to Christ who commanded the disciples to do it in his memory
- Through the Christians participate the 2nd coming of Jesus Christ
- It is a foretaste of the heavily banquet/heavenly feast which Jesus promised his disciples.
- (a) reasons why Jesus sent the Holy spirit to the disciples after his ascension
- The Holy Spirit would comfort the disciples
- He was to council the disciples
- He would guide the disciples on what is right/god’s righteousness
- He was to convict people of their sins
- He to the disciples on what is right/God’s righteousness
- He was to convict people of their sins
- He was to reveal the future/enable the disciples to prophets/God’s will
- He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
- He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world.
- He would replace the physical presence of Jesus/stay with the disciple forever
- He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage/confidence/authority.
(7×1=7 mks)
(b) Teaching of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband-wife relationship in Ephesians 5: 21-32
- Members of the church learn to live together in harmony /unity just like a husband and wife.
- There is a chain of authority in, marriage where the head of family in the same way Christ is the head of church.
- Just as Christ sacrificially loves the church, husband should love wives
- The union between a husband and wife is meant to last forever, so Christians are called upon to maintain steadfast faithfulness to Christ unit eternity
- Christians are called to submit to Christ just as a wife submits to her husband.
- Just as a husband and wife become one flesh, so Christians are supposed to be united/cling to Christ.
- Just as Christ nourished/cherishes the church, husbands should care for there wives.
(4×2= 8 mks)
(c)Ways in which Christians identify those who posse the gift of the Holy Spirit.
- By listening to there confession. They should confess Jesus as Lord.
- By analyzing the kind of teaching they profess. The teaching should be about Jesus Christ/Christian doctrine
- By examining there life so ass to know whether they posses/show the fruit of Holy Spirit . (Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, self control, goodness, faithfulness/gentleness.)
- By observing their behavior . The behaviour should not contradict the teaching of Jesus Christ/ be role models
- When the Christians notice the victorious life of such people over temptations/works of the flesh.
- If such persons do not use the gift of the Holy spirit for selfish gains/enrich themselves
- When such believers given glory to God/Jesus after serving performing miracles.
- (a) Christ teaching on work.
- Work is ordained from God/ command from God
- Human beings should work to subdue/conquer the earth
- Work is good/god himself worked
- God blesses a hard worker/worked
- God blesses a hard worker/worker/work is rewarded
- Christians should work to acquire basic need/necessities
- Christians should work to assist these who are needy/less fortunate
- Christian work as a co-creator with God.
- People should work to emulate Jesus who was a worker/carpenter
- Work became a curse/unpleasant after human being fell into sin
- Christians should not overwork/ enslave others
- Those who work should get a just wage
- People should take rest
- People should take rest
- People should work faithfully/diligently
- Work should be done in an orderly manner.
(8×1= 8 mks)
- b) The role of professional ethics in work place.
- They guide the workers on how to relate with one another
- They define how worker should handle/relate with there clients
- They help to create healthy interaction between the workers/employees and their supervisors/authority.
- They help in maintaining the standards of the service offered/goods produced in a work place
- The determine how one should perform his/her duties/keep up the date with the demands of the profession
- They help to maintain dignity of the profession/ integrity of the workers
- They help the public to respect the professional from undue pressures from other interested parties.
- They help to determine the entry requirement/qualifications needed in a given profession.
(3×2=6 mks)
- c) Ways in which the church is helping to reduce the rate of unemployment in Kenya today.
- The church encourages people to start income generating activities
- The church provides loans to the unemployed to start small scale business
- The church creates job opportunities through establishing church projects.
- It teaches the youth about the dignity of manual work/encourage the youth to participate in agriculture/technical fields.
- It organizes seminars for the youth/unemployment on how to utilize their potentials
- It condemns corrupt practices which interfere with the recruitment/economic growth.
- It encourages its members to pay taxes promptly so that the government can have the resources to employ/pay the workers
- It trains/sponsors the youths on vocational skills that are necessary for employment /self employment.
- The church tries to be fair when recruiting people for various jobs.
(6x 1 = 6 mks)
6 (a) The negative effects of the introduction of money economy on
traditional African communities.
- It has led to introduction of wage labour instead of communal working that existed
- It led to migration to town as people search for better paying jobs, destroying the closely knit traditional way of life.
- It has led to the formation of Sio-Economic classes among the people/rich versus poor thus creating suspicion/insecurity.
- It has created individualism which has destroyed the communal way of living /extended family relationship.
- It has led to vices like bribery/corruption/exploitation which have replaced honesty/fairness in traditional African setting.
- The dependency on no money has led to social evils like prostitution, immorality which has destroyed the traditional concept of marriage /value of sex.
- It has led to private ownership of land /land can be bought by those with money one hence destroying the traditional land ownership.
- Dowry has been commercialized thus destroying the traditional African meaning of showing appreciation of the family of the bride /girl
- The type of education one receives is now determined by the amount of money one has unlike in the traditional set up where the elders passed on education to all without being paid.
- Due to the introduction of money economy modern means of transport have been acquired which has led to accidents/pollution of the environment.
- Age is no longer a determinant of social status /a rich young man maybe respected by an elder who is not economically stable.
4×2=8 mks)
(b) Teaching of Jesus on wealth
- wealth should be acquired in the right manner
- wealth a gift from god/god given
- Wealth should be used to serve God/expand God’s Kingdom
- Those who have wealth are only stewards
- Those who have wealth should share it with others/help the needy/poor
- Poverty is not a result of sin/the poor can only enjoy God’s blessing
- Wealth can be hindrance for one to enter in the Kingdom of God
- One cannot serve God and mammon/wealth
- Wealth cannot satisfy all human needs/cannot answer human quest for salvation.
- Those who have wealth should avoid extravagance/prodigality/luxury
- Earth wealth/possession is temporary
- Those who have wealth should use it responsibly. (6×1= 6 mks)
- c) Reasons why Christians should involve themselves in gambling
- Gambling enables one to get money/wealth without working for it
- In gambling one’s gain leads to another person loss
- It creates bitterness in the one who losses
- The bible condemns gambling/unfair interests
- It involves taking advantage of the ignorant players
- There is no security on the wealth/money one put in gambling
- It is addictive/can become a compulsive habit
- It can interfere with family budget/priorities/ can bring misunderstanding in the family/friends.
- It can lead to violence/loss of life
- It can lead to stress/illness
- It shows lack of trust/ dependence upon God
- It can lead poverty, time wasting at the expense of productive work. (6×1=6 mks)
KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL 2010
CRE PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME
- a) The historical Books of the Old Testament.
- i) Joshua
- ii) Judges
iii) Ruth
- iv) First Samuel
- v) Second Samuel
- vi) First Kings
vii) Second Kings
viii) First Chronicles
- ix) Second Chronicles
- x) Ezra
- xi) Nehemiah
xii) Esther
- b) Reasons why the bible is referred to a library.
- i) It contains many books.
- ii) The books were written by different authors
iii) It has different categories of books/division
- iv) The books are written in different styles/forms
- v) The books in the bible were written at different times/situation/background
- vi) The books in the Bible address different issues/topics/purpose
vii) The books were written for different audience/readers
viii) The books are systematically arranged /order/chronological.
- ix) book 4 theology
- c) Occasions when Christians use the Bible
- i) When preaching the word of God (crusade/church sermons)
- ii) When in court
iii) When instructing new converts/conducting Bible study
- iv) During different Christian religious ceremonies/festivals
- v) When teaching Christian Religious Education
- vi) When composing songs/plays/Christian literature
vii) During fellowships/prayers/guidance/counselling
viii) During a swearing in ceremony
- a) Ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the Exodus.
- i) He made a passage from them in the Red Sea.
- ii) He provided them with manna.
iii) He provided them with quails.
- iv) He provided them with water from the stone/rock/asked Moses to purify the bitter water.
- v) He gave the Ten Commandments
- vi) He defeated their enemies the Egyptians/Amelekites/protect them against change.
vii) He provided a cloud to lead them during the day.
viii) He provided a pillar of fire to lead them in the darkness.
- ix) Provided them leaders.
- b) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God when they were in the wilderness.
- i) They built alters
- ii) They offered sacrifices
iii) They sang songs/danced
- iv) They said prayers
- v) They held festivals
- vi) They gave offerings/tithes
vii) They constructed/sacred places of worship/tabernacle/tent of meeting
viii) They observed the Sabbath day
- ix) They burnt incense/burnt offerings.
- c) The challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today.
- i) The emergence of splinter groups within the church.
- ii) The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
iii) The emphasis of materialism by the churches.
- iv) Lack of roles models among the leaders.
- v) Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church members/authoritarianism.
- vi) Misuse of resources by the leaders.
vii) Rise of state-church conflict e.g No/Yes situation.
viii) Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the Bible.
- ix) Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination.
- x) Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
- xi) Permissiveness/moral decadence/during abuse
- a) The commandments that King Ahab and Queen Jezebel broke from the story of Naboth’s vineyard.
- i) They broke the commandments of not to kill when they planned for the stoning of Naboth.
- ii) When they worshipped idols, they broke the rule of not worshipping other gods.
iii) They broke the commandments of not coveting a neighbour’s property when they wanted Naboth’s vineyard.
- iv) The commandments of not stealing was broken when they took Naboth’s vineyard.
- v) The commandments of not to cheat/bear false witness was broken when they planned instituting for false witness against Naboth.
- vi) They used the name of God in vain when they said that Naboth had blasphemed God.
- b) Forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Jezebel.
- i) Death of King Ahab would be in the same place/valley of Jezebel like Naboth.
- ii) Evil would be upon Ahab
iii) God was to take away the prosperity of Ahab/his rule would come to an end.
- iv) Dogs would lick the blood of Ahab
- v) All the male children free/slaves would be cut off.
- vi) The lineage of Ahab would be wiped out.
vii) The dogs would eat anybody who belongs to the family of Ahab who died in the city.
viii) The birds of the air would eat all who die in the field.
- ix) The dogs will eat the body of Jezebel.
- c) Reasons why killings was condemned in traditional African communities.
- i) Life is sacred and therefore should not be destroyed by anybody.
- ii) It brings hatred/revenge/ill-feeling among members of the community.
iii) It destroys continuity of the family/community
- iv) It brings poverty/denies one the chance to take part in the community development.
- v) It breeds suspicion/fear/anxiety.
- vi) It destroys harmony/undermines good relationships in the community.
vii) It creates sadness/misery/sorrow to the relatives/community
viii) To avoid being banished/ex-communicated by the community.
- ix) Avoid curses/being haunted
- a) Characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament
- i) They were called by God.
- ii) They received revelation from God through dreams/visions/direct command/familiar objects
iii) They were obedient
- iv) They faced opposition/rejection from the people because of their uncompromising attitude.
- v) They commanded God’s message to the people.
- vi) The prophets spoke with authority/were fearless.
vii) They acknowledged one God who was universal/monotheism
viii) They understood the nature of the prophesies.
- ix) They preached about God’s judgment for sin/hope for restoration.
- x) Their prophesies were fulfilled.
- xi) They did not prophesy for material gains
xii) They lead holy lives.
- b) Ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the times of prophet Amos.
- i) The rich took people’s garment in pledge.
- ii) The poor were robbed of their food/gains/belongings
iii) Merchants overcharged the poor when selling them anything.
- iv) The poor were sold for a piece of silver/air of shoes as they were considered useless.
- v) The goods sold to the poor were unfit for human use/consumption/expired.
- vi) The poor were cheated in business deals as the rich used faulty scales/measures
vii) The poor were sold into slavery when they were unable to pay their debts to the rich.
viii) The poor were denied justice in the law courts because they could not bribe the judges.
- ix) The cases taken to the courts by the poor were thrown out/not listened to.
- c) Reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in Kenya today.
- i) There are too many needy cases.
- ii) Tribal/ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
iii) Political leaning/affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not belong to their camp.
- iv) Lack of what to share/inadequacy
- v) Indifferences of some Christians to the light of the needy.
- vi) Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready share with those who do not belong to their group.
vii) Poor communication/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make impossible to reach the needy.
viii) It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases.
- ix) Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages Christian from contributing.
- a) Reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet.
- i) He felt that he was too young/was inexperienced as a prophet.
- ii) He did not have the message to the people.
iii) He lacked confidence/courage
- iv) He did not know how to speak/not a good speaker.
- v) He was afraid of confronting/talking against the kings/elders
- vi) The task was too difficult overwhelming for him.
vii) He was not sure of what could be done to him by the people of the message he was to deliver (response to the message).
- b) Evils condemned by prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon.
- i) He condemned the false belief about the temple not being destroyed because it was God’s dwelling place.
- ii) He condemned the hypocrisy/presence of people who committed different sins and came to the temple to worship Yahweh.
iii) He talked about the defiled of the temple by placing idols in it.
- iv) He condemned the worship of other gods/idolatry which was a rebellion to the Sinai covenant.
- v) He condemned the practice of human sacrifice which was against the commandments of God.
- vi) He condemned oppression of the foreigners/widows/orphans which against the covenant way of
vii) He condemned the stubbornness/rebellion of the Israelites against God’s warning
- c) Ways in which church leaders communicate God’s message to the people in Kenya today.
- i) Use of print/give out bibles e.g. publications conference/retreat.
- ii) Holding public meetings/crusades/Rallies
iii) Through sings songs of praise
- iv) Through conducting pastoral care/counseling
- v) Through carrying spiritual healing/prayer
- vi) Conducting door to door evangelism visits.
vii) Providing material support to the needy.
viii) Through leading exemplary lives.
- ix) Through electronic media (6 x 1 = 6 marks)
- a) Places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional Africa communities.
- i) Under trees/in forests
- ii) In caves
iii) At river banks/seashore/lake shores
- iv) Near rocks
- v) On mountains/hill tops
- vi) At waterfalls
vii) In shrines/temples
viii) In homes
- ix) Grave sides (6 x 1 = 6 marks)
- b) Reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities.
- i) It is an act of worship.
- ii) It enables the people to maintain good relationship with God/Human beings.
iii) As a way of asking for protecting
- iv) To appease ancestors/spirits/God for any wrongs done e.g( cleansing forgiveness)
- v) In recognition /honour the ancestors of god’s power.
- vi) It is a way of acknowledging god as the source of life.
vii) In order to seek God’s intervention in times of trouble.
viii) As a thanksgiving to ancestors/spirits/gods
- ix) To invite/ancestors/spirits/God in the function/event.
- x) To ask for blessings (7 x 1 = 7marks)
- c) Roles of ancestors in traditional African communities.
- i) They act as mediators/intercessors between the living and God.
- ii) They monitor oversee what is happening in the community.
iii) They bring punishment to the wrong doers/blessings to the righteous
- iv) They give instructions/directions on what should be done by members of the community.
- v) They rebuke/give a warning of the coming punishment for wrong doers.
- vi) They give guidance on how rituals should be conducted.
vii) They are community values/traditions.
viii) Through the ancestors, the living have a sense of belonging/identify.
- ix) They welcome the dead to the spiritual world.
- x) They provide a reservoir of names. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)
KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIO COUNCIL 2010
CRE PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME
- a) Activities that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the temple (Luke 2:22-40)
- Jesus was taken to Jerusalem to be represented to the Lord by his parents.
- Simeon took Jesus up in arms/blessed the Lord.
- Simeon said that he was ready to die he had seen God’s salvation/a light for revelation to the gentles/the glory to the Israelites.
- Simeon blessed the parents of Jesus.
- Simeon told Mary Jesus’ Mother that the child was set for the fall and rising of many in Israel.
- Anna gave thanks/prayed/spoke of Jesus to all who were looking for the redemption of Jerusalem.
- The parents of Jesus performed everything according to the law of the Lord/offered a pair of turtle doves/pigeons.
- Parents of Jesus returned home. (4 x 2 = 8 marks)
- b) Lessons for Christians from the incident when Jesus was left behind by his parents in the temple(Luke 2:41-52)
- Christians should involve their children in prayer/worship of God.
- Christians should involve their children in day to day affairs.
- Parents should be concerned of where their children.
- Children should be taught the world of God/the Bible.
- There should be communication among family members/they should inform one another of their whereabouts.
- Children should obey their parents.
- Parents should love their children.
- Christian should accommodate the view of the youth.
- Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/he was in his Father’s house.
- Christian should exercise tolerance/forgiveness
- Christians should give God first priority as Jesus did. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)
- c) Ways in which Christian show respect to places of worship in Kenya today.
- Christians maintain cleanliness in places of worship.
- Christians observe silence in the places of worship.
- Places of worship are treated with relevance (e.g in some cases shoes are removed etc)
- Christian dress in decent clothing as they go to place of worship.
- Order is maintained in places of worship/only authorised people are allowed to talk/make announcement.
- Posters/notices/decorations/flowers are put to remind people taht they are in sacred places.
- Constructing special places for worshipping God/dedicating them. (5 x 1 = 5marks)
- a) Jesus’ teachings on how human beings should relate to one another from the Sermon on the plain (Lk 6:27-38)
- Human beings should love enemies.
- They should do good to those who hate them.
- They should bless those who curse them
- They should pray for those who mistreat them
- They should help those in need
- They should lend without expecting anything in return.
- They should show mercy to others
- They should not judge/condemn others
- Human being should forgive one another/not revenge.
- They should be generous
- They should do unto others what they expect done to them. ( 5 x 1 = 5mks)
- b) Incident in which Jesus calmed the storm (Luke 8:22-25)
- Jesus got into a boat with his disciples.
- He told them that they should go to the other side of the lake so they sent off.
- As they sailed Jesus fell a sleep.
- A storm of wind came down of the lake.
- The boat was filled with water/they were in danger.
- The disciples went and woke Jesus saying “master we are perishing”
- Jesus got up, rebuked the wind/the raging water/waves
- The storm subsided/ceased/there was calm
- Jesus asked the disciples where their faith was
- The disciples were afraid/they marveled.
- The disciples wondered who Jesus was even the wind and water could obey him. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
- c) Virtues that Christian learn from the miracles of the feeding of the five thousand (Lk 9:12-17)
- Service
- Obedience
- Faith/trust
- Humility
- Cooperation
- Thankfulness
- Carefulness
- Responsibility
- Kindness/generosity/sharing
- Concern/compassion/mercy
- Respect
- a) Accusations made against Jesus during his trial (Luke 22:66-23:1-23)
- Jesus called himself the Christ/Messiah.
- He claimed to be the son of God.
- He was inciting people with his teaching.
- He was opposing the payment of taxes to Caesar.
- He had made himself the King of the Jews against the Roman authority.
- Jesus had stirring up the people to revolt.
- He was equating himself to god/blasphemy. (4 x 1 = 4mks)
- b) Reasons why Jesus appeared to his disciples after his resurrection
- He wanted to strengthen their faith.
- So as to comfort them
3 Inorder to empower them to serve
- He wanted to reassure them that he was the messiah.
- So as to commission them to be his witness.
- He wanted to tell them about the coming of the Holy spirit/wait for the Holy Spirit.
- So as to bless them
- In order to confirm to them the Old Testament prophesies had been fulfilled.
- He wanted to confirm to them that he alive/had power over death.
- He wanted to represent to them the correct interpretation of the suffering messiah/scriptures.
- c) Reasons why Christians should be discouraged from taking part in mob justice.
- It does not give room to reason.
- It is impulse/based on emotions.
- It can lead destruction of poverty/life/it is violent physical injuries.
- It is unbiblical/it lacks love/against law of the Lord.
- It can be fueled by lies/malice/incitement
- The victim is denied a change of defending himself/herself
- It is a form of relation/revenge
- It does not give room for forgiveness/reconciliation/rehabilitation
- It can lead to bitterness/regret/psychological suffering. (6 x 1 = 6marks)
- a) The teachings of Peter concerning the people of God (1st Peter 2:9-10)
- The believers are chosen people/race/they have been selected.
- They are a royal priesthood/they are to save the greatest King/God.
- They are Holy nation/expected to lead holy/righteousness lives
- They belong to God/they form a family of God’s own possession.
- They are to declare wonderful deeds of God/that is to lead a life of worshipping God/testifying about God.
- They were called from darkness to light/their lives had been transformed and should not be dominated by evil.
- They were once not a people/they were outside the covenant way of life.
- They are led by the mercies of God/have received God’s grace. (5 x 2 = 10 marks)
- b) Ways through which Christian can promote unity.
- Christian should hold joint/interdenominational prayers.
- Christians take a joint stand against injustice/problems in the society.
- They should work together to promote educational programmes in the country.
- They should speak with one voice on matters of construction/political life of the nation.
- Christians should join together in the training of the clergy/pastors/from different denominations.
- They need to provide loans/funds/support to the poor irrespective of denomination affiliations.
- Christian churches/organization should employ Christian from different denominations.
- Christian communities should unite in provision of medical services.
- Christian need to respect one another’s doctrinal positions. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
- c) Ways in which kindness as a fruit of Holy Spirit is abused in Kenya today.
- By church leaders starting many projects in the church, expecting the congregation to provide the finance.
- Some Christian fail to work because they expect assistance from others.
- Some Christian over-depends on other problem’s assistance/effort,
- Some members of the church failing to return/refund borrowed money and expect the members of the church to understand.
- When church leaders demand for payment for all services they render.
- When church leaders ask their congregations to cater for their personal needs like further studies/buying of vehicles/etc (4 x 1 = 4mks)
- a) Similarities between the Christian and Traditional African on marriage.
- In both, marriage is ordained/blessed by God/gift from God.
- In both marriage is for procreation
- In both, marriage is for companionship.
- In both marriage should be permanent.
- In both, the husband and wife should respect/love each other.
- In both, marriage gives a new status to those who enter/qualifies them for leadership, roles.
- Faithfulness in marriage is encouraged.
- In both, re-marriage is encouraged after the death of a spouse.
- In both, the husband and wife should give conjugal to each other.
- In both the husband is the head of the family. (4 x 2 = 8mk)
- b) Reasons why young people are choosing to remain unmarried in Kenya today.
- They have seen/experienced incidents of broken marriages/unfaithfulness in marriage.
- In order to pursue their career/education.
- They are not ready to take responsibilities of marriage
- Poverty/lack of jobs/inadequate resources to start a family/economic empowerment.
- Permissiveness allows many to satisfy their sexual lust without marriage commitment.
- Failure to get an expected idea partner.
- Marriage is no longer a communal duty/it is an individual decision.
- Religious commitment/supersition hinder one from involving themselves in marriage.
- Low self esteem/lack of confidence, fear of being jilted/failed relationship. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
- c) Ways in which the church is helping to solve domestic violence in Kenya today.
- Offering guidance and counselling to couples who are affected.
- Holding seminars/conferences for marriage couples.
- Developing mass media programmes on family relationship.
- Praying for families
- Teaching on the need for love/respect/tolerance in marriage.
- Members in their homes to encourage them.
- Giving material assistance/employment to the needy in order to reduce tension.
- Condemn all forms of violence.
- Settling disputes among couples/children. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
- a) Christian view on plastic surgery
- Christian approve plastic surgery when used to restore/improve deformities/treatment.
- It is not recommended for beauty/cosmetic reasons since that goes against Lord’s design.
- Plastic surgery is like self-glorification thus it is discouraged.
- God is more interested in one’s soul than a beautiful body.
- Plastic surgery takes the place of God who is the creator/challenges God the creator.
- The intention of plastic surgery in most cases is to created celebrities who become objects of worship.
- Risks involved when performing surgery can lead to deformity/death.
- It shows lack of appreciation of oneself. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
- b) Ways through which science and technology has negatively affected the environment created by God.
- Use of chemicals has led to the pollution of water/soils
- Emission of smoke from industries/nuclei factories leads to pollution of air.
- Felling trees has led to desertification/drying up of rivers.
- Manufacturing of plastic materials has led to environmental degradation.
- Science and Technology has led to the over utilization of natural resources like fish/wildlife.
- quarrying/mining had led to environmental degradation. (4 x 1 – 4mks)
- c) Ways in which the youth in the Church can carry out environmental restoration in Kenya today.
- The youth should sensitize people on the importance of protecting the environment/theatre performance in environment.
- They should teach/on methods of environmental conservation gabions terracing contour ploughing etc.
- They need to form church organizations/clubs/societies aimed at environment conservations.
- The youth should raise funds to support environmental exploitation/degradation.
- They should raise funds to support environmental conservation programmes.
- They take part in the environmental days for planting of trees/cleaning occasions.
- They should lobby the government to enact laws that are aimed at protecting the environment.
- They should act responsible/be role models on issues regarding the environment. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
CRE
2011
PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEMES
1.
- The benefits of learning Christian Religious education in secondary school
- It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth
- The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life
- It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
- It helps ones to aquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
- It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people
- It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life
- It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth
- It leads to employment / carrer
(b) The major division of the old and new testament
(i) law books.
(ii) Historical books.
(iii) Prophetic books.
(iv) poetic books
(v) the Gospels/ Biographical books
- vi) Epistles / letters
(c)Ways in whichtheBible, is misusedin Kenya today.
(i) It is used to takeoaths in courts/ officesby people who may not be believers/
not saying thetruth.
(ii)It is kept in places associated withevil.
(iii) There is distortion of the Biblicalteachings / specific verses are picked to fulfil
individual demand misinterpretation
(iv)Some people use Biblelikean ordinary..text book I reference .
(v)It is beingused in witchcraft / cults to mislead people
(vi) some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade
(vii) some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible
(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display
- Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses
7×1-7 marks
2(a)How God prepared theIsraelitesfor themaking of thecovenant atMt.Sinai
(i)God toldMoses to remind thepeople of”Israelof how he had brought them out of Egypt
(ii) God toldMoses thatHe wanted to make aspecial relationship with Israel/ make
them a kingdom of priests
(iii) Moses calledalltheelders/ people andtoldthemwhatGod hadsaid.
(iv) God toldMoses thathe wanted theIsraelitesto obey him.
(v) The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord hadsaid.
(vi) God promised to come down and meet withthe people on thethird day.
(vii) The people were ins tructedto consecratedthemselves/washtheir garments
(viii) The people were to abstain from sexual relationships
- On the third day , there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet blast /an earthquake.
- Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God /they took their stand at the foot of the mountain
- The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up to him
(b) Reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant while at mt .Sinai
(i) Moses their leader delayed to come down from the mountain .
(ii) Aaron who had been left in charge of the people was a weak leader
(iii) The people damaded for a god / gods they could see/ feel
(iv) The people were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship /idolatry
(v)Moses teaching / influence had faded / vanished from peoples minds
(vi) The people had lost faith in their invisible God
(c) Lessons learned by Christians about the nature of God from the Exodus
(i) God is caring
(ii) He communicates
(iii) He provides
(iv) He is powerful
(v) He guides
(vi) He protects
(vii) He commands
(viii) He is to be obeyed
(ix) He punishes those who disobey him
- He is holy
- He is faithful
- He is patient
- He is merciful
- He is jealous 8 x = 8 marks
- (a) The failures of king Saul
(i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it
(ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.
(iii) He disobeyed God’s command to destroy Amarekites completely by sparing the life of king Agag.
(iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them
(v) He lost faith in God
(vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jeoulus of David
(vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God
(viii) He committed suicide 5 x 1 = 5 marks
(b) The achievement of David as king of Israel
(i) David conquered and defeated the enemies of Israel .
(ii) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel
(iii)He captured Jerusarem from the jebusites
(iv) He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel .
(v) He made Jerusarem a religious center by bringing the ark of the covenant there.
(vi) He made peace treties with his neighbours
(vii) He composed psalms which are used during worship
(viii) He united the twelve tribes of Israel under one ruler.
(ix) He made preparations for the construction of the temple
(c) Reasons why Christians build churches
( i) Churches are used for worshiping God.
(ii) They signify God’s presence / house of God .
(iii) They are used for meetings / a place of gathering members .
(iv) Religious function take place there.
(v) They are places where members receive religious instructions/preaching .
(vi) As a sign of prestige / recognition / indentification .
(vii) To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God
(viii) To follow the tradition of the old testament teachings on the temple as a house of God
(ix) It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger /calamity
(x) As a sign of growth
4 (a) Characteristics of the true prophets in the Old Testament
- They were God’s mouth piece /spokes people / mediators
- They respoded to God’s call in faith / they obeyed
- They were called by God
- They were given specific tasks to carry out
- They communicated God’s messages with authority / without fear
- They spoke the truth in all circumstances .
- Their prophesies came true / were fulfilled.
- They never work for material gain / were not paid for their work
- They called people to come back to the covenant way of life
- They pronounshed God’s purnishment/ judjement
- They were persecuted for their work
- They led exemplary lives / role modes any 7 x 1 =7 marks
(b) The call of Amos to become a prophet in Israel
(i) Amos was a farmer fending sycamore trees / shepherd
(ii) He came from a village called Tekoa in Judah
(iii) He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah and Jeroboam 11
(iv) God called him through a vision
(v) He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy
(vi) He responded to God’s call in faith / obedience
(c) The five visions of prophet Amos
(i) He saw a swarm of locusts.
(ii) He saw a great fire sent by God
(iii) He saw a crocked wall being measured using a plumb line .
(iv) He saw a basket full of ripe fruits / summer fruits
(v) He saw the destruction of the alter / temple
- (a) The stages followed during the renewal of the covenant at the time of Nehemia
(i) The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem
(ii) The priest Ezra read the law to the people .
(iii) They performed repentance gesture of raising / lowering their hands
(iv) The people constructed makeshift tents /shelters to celebrate the feast of the booths
(v) There was a national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes
(vi) Ezra led people in prayer of confession
(vii) They scaled the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of Nehemiah and
the priest.
(viii) The people promised not to go against the mosaic law.
(ix) The re- distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side. 4 x 2 = 8marks
(b) Reason why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah
(i) To preserve the identity of the Jews as people of God
(ii) To separate the Jews from foreign influence.
(iii) To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner .
(iv) To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests of the temple
(v) To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the up keep of the temple.
(vi) To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities.
(vii)In order to cleanse the Jews who had intermarried with foreigners / exposed to idotry
(c) Lessons from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemia
(i) Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.
(ii) They should lead righteous lives.
(iii) Christian should always pray to God
(iv) Christian should demonstrate humility
(v) They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God
(vi) They should teach others the word of god
(vii) They should set aside aday for worship
(viii) They should respect the church as a place for prayer 6 x 1 = 6 marks
- (a) The traditional African view of a community
(i) The members of the community include the unborn/ the living / living dead / the ancestors
(ii) The members speak common language
(iii) They are related either by blood / marriage / adoption
(iv) The community members occupy the same geographical area region
(v) They carry out similar economic activities.
(vi) The community is made up of smaller units / clans
(vii) Each community has its own disnct rules / taboos /beliefs /customs /cultural /practices
(viii) Members of a community are expected to show concern for the well being of others
(x) The members are expected to participate in the life of the community
Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
(b) The factors that have affected the traditional African people’s dependence on God
(i) The introduction of western culture
(ii) some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems
(iii) Greed for power / materialism without the fear of God.
(iv) some people rely on science and technology
(v) Money economy where success depends on how much money ones earns .
(vi) Abject poverty has made people loose hope / faith in God
(vii) Negative peer pressure influences the members to rely on themselves other than God .
(viii) pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God.
(ix) modern education
(c) Similarities between Christian and traditional African ways of showing respect to God
(i) In both members pray to God
(ii) In both they give offering
(iii) In both members sing songs
(iv) In both members show respect to God by helping those in need
(v) In both they use God ‘s name sparingly /avoid mentioning God’s name carelessly
(vi) In both members use the God given resources / environment carefully
(vii) In both they build / maintain / honour places of worship
(viii) In both members take care of religious leaders
(ix) In both members obey the law / commands of God
CRE 2011
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEMES
- (a) What took place when Mary visited Elizabeth.
(i) She entered Zechariah’s home,
(ii) She greeted Elizabeth.
(iii) When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings the baby in her womb leaped.
(iv) Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
(v) Elizabeth exclaimed with a loud cry.
(vi) She blessed Mary and child in the womb.
(vii) Elizabeth wondered why Mary the mother of her Lord has visited her
(viii) ‘Elizabeth informed Mary that the baby in her womb had leaped for joy in her greetings.
( ix) Mary responded by praising God
(x) Mary stayed with Elizabeth for three months.
(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth
(i) Christians should be righteous / upright / blameless
(ii) They should obey God’s commandments
(iii) They should persevere / be patient
(iv) They should serve God faithfully /commitment.
(v) They should be prayerful.
(vi) They should depend on God / ask God for their needs
(vii) They should believe God’s word .
(viii) They should thank God for blessings
(ix) They praise / worship the lord
(x) They should desire to be led by the Holy Spirit
(xi) Christian should rejoice at the blessings of others.
6 x1 = 6 marks
(c) Ways through which Christians in Kenya express their joy for the birth of Jesus
(i) They sing / listen to Christian songs /carols
(ii) They attend Christmas worship/service/ mass
(iii) They partake of the Holy communion/ Eucharist
(iv) They exchange gifts / cards / messages of goodwill
(v) They visit friends/ relatives.
(vi) They decorate their homes/churches
(vii) They buy/ wear new clothes
(viii) They prepare special dishes /drinks
(ix) They rest from normal duties
(x) They hold Christmas concerts/ drama
(xi) They watch movies /films on the birth of Jesus
(xii) They read Christmas stories /the bible
- They help the needy /acts of charity
- They repent /rededicate themselves to God.
2.(a) The teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain on how human beings should relate
to one another.
(i) Human beings should love one another / their enemies.
(ii) They should practice sharing / help others
(iii) They should be merciful| to each other.
(iv) They not judge / condemn others.
(v) They forgive one another / not to revenge.
(vi) Pray for those who wrong them
(vii) They should not discriminate against one another.
(b) A description of the incident in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman
(i) Jesus had been invited by a Pharisee for dinner.
(ii) While he was at the table a sinful woman came with an alabaster flask of ointment.
iii) She stood at Jesus’ feet weeping and wet his feet with her tears.
(iv) She used her hair to wipe the feet of Jesus,
(v) She kissed the feet of Jesus
(vi) She then anointed the feet of Jesus with the ointment.
(vii) The Pharisee who had invited Jesus questioned in his heart whether Jesus was a prophet
(viii) Jesus knew the thoughts of Simon and told him the parable of the creditor and the two debtors .
(ix) Jesus asked Simon who of the two debtors would love the creditor more
(x) Simon said the debtor with more debt would lovethe creditor more
(xi) He told simon that the woman had shown much love because her many sins had been forgiven .
(xii) Jesus then told the woman that her sins had been forgiven
(xiii) The other guests began to question who Jesus was to have the power to forgive sins
- Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her.
- He told her to go in peace
(c) Reasons why Christians should ask for forgiveness from God.
(i) To be at peace with God
(ii) To show obedience to the teachings of Jesus
(iii To improve their relationship with others
(iv) It gives them confidence to serve God
(v) To acknowledge their weakness / a sign of humility
(vi) It shows their desire to lead a righteous life
(vii) It is a sign of appreciation of God’s mercy
(viii) It is a way of self reproach
(ix) It is a demonstration of their faith in God
(x) so as to be forgiven by God.
3.(a) The instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy two disciples when he sent them on a mission.
(i) The disciples were to pray for more labourers to be sent for the harvest,
(ii) The disciples were not to carry any pulse / bag / sandals.
(iii) They were not to salute anyone on the road.
(iv) They were to say peace any house they entered.
(v) They were to remain in the same house / NOT to go from house to house.
(vi)They were to eat / drink whatever was provided.
(vii) They were to heal the sick
( viii) They were, to tell the people that the kingdom of God has corne near
(ix) They were to wipe off the dust on their feet against the people if not received.
4×2=8marks
(b) The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector.
(i) Two men went into the Temple to pray, a Pharisee and a tax collector.
(ii) The pharisee praised himself in prayer.
(iii) He said he was holy / better than others / tax collector.
(iv) The tax collector also prayed but could not lift his eyes to heaven.
(v) The tax collector beat his breast saying he is a sinner / asked for God’s mercy.
(vi) It was the prayer of the tax collector that was accepted / the tax collector was justified
(vii) Jesus concluded by saying that whoever exalts himself will be humbled / whoever humbles himself will be exalted.
(c) Reason s why Christian pray
(i) To show their dependence in God / faith in God
(ii) To express the power /greatness of God /adore / honour God
(iii) They pray to ask for their needs / seek guidance.
(iv) Through prayer, they confess their sins / ask for forgiveness.
(v) To thank God for his faithfulness / goodness / blessings.
(vi) Prayer helps to relieve fears / anxiety / worries.
(vii) It is an instrument through which the work of satan is destroyed.
(viii) To communicate with God / have fellowship with God.
(ix) To follow the example of Jesus.
(x) It is a command from God / a sign of obedience.
4 (a) How Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost.
(i) Peter was filled with the Holy spirit.
(ii) He started speaking in tongues.
(iii) He became courageous / defended the disciples that they were not drunk.
(iv) He was able to remember Old Testament prophecies / teachings.
- v) He began witnessing the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.
- vi) He called people to repentance.
(vii) He was empowered to perform miracles.
(b) Saint Paul’s teaching on how the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used in the church.
( i) The gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used for the common good of all
(ii) They should be used to strengthen / encourage &comfort members
(iii) They should be used to bring unity not to discriminate /divide members
(iv) There is need to respect / appreciate all the gifts
(v) They should be used in an orderly way / no confusion
(vi) The gifts should be used in love.
(vii) The gift of speaking in tongues should be minimised in public
(viii) There is need to have interpretation of tongues for them to be meaningful /helpful.
(ix) Prophecies should be carefully evaluated / weighted.
(c) Reasons why some Christians find it difficult to help the sick.
(i) Some Christians lack the gift of healing.
(ii) They are afraid of being infected.
(iii) Because of religious / denominational f’ barriers .
- iv) They lack knowledge / skill of handling the sick.
(v} They have no time for the sick.
(vi) Lack of faith in healing / miracles.
(vii) Because of poverty / may not have enough resources to share.
(viii) Lack of love for the needy / sick.
(ix) It is difficult for some Christians to determine those who are genuinely sick
(x) Due to social differences / status / educational background.
(xi) ‘Due to nepotism /ethnic affiliations.
5.(a) Reasons why manual work is important in Kenya today.
(i) Through manual work human being emulate God as a worker.
(ii) It is a sign of being obedient to God’s instructions to work.
(iii) It enables human beings to look after / preserve the environment / be co-creators
with God.
(iv) It keeps the body physically fit.
(v) Human beings are able to obtain their basic needs / earn their living through manual work
(vi) It is a way of serving others / community
(vii) It enables human beings to develop their talents / abilities.
(viii) Manual work gives satisfaction / fulfillment
(ix) It keeps one busy / active
(b) Activities that the youth should engage in during their leisure time
(i) Taking part in church choir / singing.
(ii) Helping the sick / needy.
(iii) Taking part in retreats / seminars / camps
(iv)Reading Christian literature.
(v) Playing games.
(vi) Planting flowers / trees / cleaning the compound.
(vii) Watching TV / listening to Christian music / messages.
(viii) Taking part in Bible study.
(ix) Visiting their friends/relatives
(c) Consequences of denying employees rest
- It may lead to poor working relations.
- The organization may realize low output.
(iii) The workers may resort to a strike action / go slow,
- Some of the employees may lose their job through sacking/resignation,
(v) It can lead to poor health / death.
- It may lead to break| up of families.
- It can lead to labour conflicts between the employer/ employee,
- Mistrust may arise leading to close supervision,
- Employees may develop negative attitudes towards work.
- Accidents are likely to occur.
- Vandalism
6 (a) Ways in which Christians can contribute towards maintenance of law and order in society.
(i) By obeying the law of the land / leading exemplary lives,
(ii) By respecting the lawful authority.
(iii) Through rehabilitating criminals.
(iv) By condemning acts which violate human rights/unjust laws.
(v) Through educating the masses on their rights and responsibilities.
(vi) By sharing what they have with the needy,
(vii) By praying for peace / the national leaders / citizens,
(viii) By preaching on the importance of law and order/peace,
(ix) Forgiving others freely.
(x) Reporting criminals to the relevant authorities,
(xi) Through-reconciling the waring-parties.
(xii) Through guidance and counseling services.
(b) Methods of disciplinary errant members in traditional African communities.
(i) Paying fines.
(ii) Denying children food for sometime.
(iii) Reprimanding wrong doers.
(iv) Giving unpleasant names to reflect the wrong that the person has done
(v) Denying culprits access to social occasions / being detained / isolation.
(vi) Summoning an indiscipline member before the council of elders.
(vii) Excommunicating wrong doers from the community.
(viij) ‘Through caning and beating.
(ix) Disowning by parents / relative / friends.
(x) Being cursed by elders,
(xi) Refusing to name children after them.
(c) Obstacles to effective maintenance of law and order in Kenya today.
(i) There is an increase in the rate of crime / the law enforcement officers can not
cope with the work load.
(ii) Due to unequal distribution of resources,
(iii) Permissiveness in the society.
(iv) Due to political instability / incitement by politicians,
(v) Extreme poverty.
(yi) Social discrimination.
vii) Some cultural beliefs / practices hinder effective maintenance of law/
(viii) High rate of unemployment.
(ix) Bribery / corruption.
- x) Greed for material wealth
(xi) Inadequate modern equipment to combat crime,
(xii) Delay in the delivery of justice to the offended.
(xiii) The citizens lack knowledge on the procedures for the effective maintenance of law and order.
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEMEME-2012
- (a) The literary forms used in the writing of the Bible
(i) Poetry
(ii) Wise sayings
(iii) Prose/narratives
(iv) Letters/Epistles
(v) Legal/Law expressions
(vi) Songs
(vii) Prophetic/ speeches
(viii) Gospels
(ix) Philosophical essays
(x) Prayers eg Nehemiah
- xi) Sermons (6×1=6 marks)
(b) Reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by early Christians.
(i) The eye witnesses of Jesus Christ were being killed.
- ii) In order to prevent information from getting lost/distorted
iii) Due to the expansion of the church/increased number of believers/who needed material to refer to.
iiv) To counteract false teachings/ teachers who were confusing the believers.
(v) To ensure that same doctrines/beliefs, were being taught to all Christians
- vi) To reach out to the Jews in Diaspora/ gentiles
vii) To preserve an orderly account of biblical themes/ distortion
(4×2= 8 marks).
(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible in Kenya today.
(i) Christians read the Bible for spiritual growth/ meditation/ Bible study
(ii) They use it for instructing converts.
(iii) It is used as a text book when teaching Christian Religious Education in schools/colleges.
(iv) It is used as resource material in search of general knowledge.
(v) It is used to compose Christian hymns/ songs/ dramas/ plays/ films.
(vi) It is used in taking oaths/vows/swearing.
(vii) It is used as a prayer book
(viii) It is used for preaching evangelism
(ix) It is used to explain Christian ethics/ rituals/ doctrines.
- x) It is used to produce Christian literatures of Christian magazines
(6 x 1 = 6 marks)
- a) The covenant ceremony between God and Abraham.
(i) Abraham was in doubt for the promise of a son.
(ii) God assured him that his own son would inherit him and not Eliezer of Damascus.
(iii) God showed Abraham the many stars and confirmed that his decedents would be as the stars.
(iv) God asked Abraham to bring him a heifer, a goat, a ram, each three years old, a dove and a young pigeon.
(v) Abraham cut the animals into and arranged the halves in two rows.
(vi) The birds were not cut.
(vii) He drove away the birds of prey that targeted the carcasses.
(viii) At sunset Abraham fell into a deep sleep.
(ix) God spoke to him giving the promise that his descendants would be slaves for four
hundred years but He would set to liberate them.
(x) Abraham was promised a long peaceful life. Good old age.
(xi) Abraham saw God pass through the carcasses in form of a smoking fire pot and a flarming torch.
xii) Reaffirmed to give them land.
(7x1=7marks)
- b) Differences between Jewish and the traditional African circumcision practices.
(i) In the Jewish community, it is for boys only while in some traditional African
communities it is for both boys and girls.
(ii) In the Jewish community, it is done on eighth day while in traditional African communities it is done during adolescent stage.
(iii) Its purpose in the Jewish community is to identify with God’s people while in traditional African communities it is to promote one to adult life.
(iv) Among the Jews, the practice was commanded by God while in traditional African communities it was done in obedience to the ancestors.
(v) The rite is not seasonal among the Jews as is the case in traditional African communities.
(v) In traditional African communities it is a gate way to more responsibilities while among the Jews one is too young for any responsibility.
(4×2= 8 marks)
- c) Reasons why church leaders in Kenya take vows before starting their mission.
(i) To receive God’s blessing/guidance.
(ii) To get acknowledgement from the people being served.
(iii) It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/mission.
(iv) To get the authority of God to lead.
(v) It gives the leader courage to do his/her work.
(vi) It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve.
(vii) To emulate the Biblical way of commissioning servants of God.
(5×1=5marks)
- (a) Ways used by King David to promote the workup of God in Israel.
(i) He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.
(ii) He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came for important religious occasion.
(iii) He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.
(iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.
(v) He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its construction.
(vi) When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.
(vii) He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do
viii) He entered into a covenant with God.
- ix) He build alters / offered sacrifices
(6×1=6marks)
(b) Life skills used by Prophet Elijah to fight against false religion.
(i) Asseniyeness – he told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.
(ii) Creative thinking – He requested for a contest between the prophets of Baal and himself.
(iii) Decision making -He killed the prophets/prophetess of baal.
(iv) Self esteem – He was convinced that God was on his side.
(v) Negotiation – Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and Baal.
(vi) Conflict resolution – Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that Yahweh was the true God.
(vii) Effective communication – He explained to the people how the contest was to be carried out.
(viii) Self awareness – He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ he had confidence in himself.
(4×2 = 8marks)
(c) Problems faced by church leaders in carrying out their work.
(i) They receive threats from the opponents.
(ii) They lack material/ financial assistance.
(iii) There is lack of cooperation from the church members.
(iv) There is rivalry among the leaders/themselves.
(v) They may not be good role models/hypocrisy.
(vi) They may suffer from long separation from their families.
(vii) There is misinterpretation of the Biblical theology from different sources/ Science & technology.
(viii) Greed for things/property.
(ix) They may be posted to a hostile working environment.
(x) There is political interference in their work.
(xi) They may lack adequate skills for carrying out their work.
xii) Permissiveness/ corruption/ mass media
xiii) Rejection
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Reasons why Amos was against the worship of God in Israel
(i) The Israelites had neglected God/worshipped idols.
- ii) They practised insincere worship/had no inner faith.
iii) The worshippers were not righteous/they mistreated fellow Israelites which was against God’s teaching.
- iv) They worshipped God as well as Baal/practiced syncretism.
- v) They were impatient during the worship ceremony/wanted to go back to their businesses.
- vi) They gave sacrifices/ offerings as a show off/ pride/ not for love of God
vii) They had many ceremonial festivals/ feasts
(viii) They showed disrespect to the name of God through sexual immorality.
(ix) They defiled the place of worship. eg drinking & wine
- x) Building high places for the gods & worshipped other gods.
(4×2=8 marks)
- b) Ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to Prophet Amos.
- i) Israel would be surrounded by an enemy nation.
- ii) The Israelites would be taken to exile
iii) Amaziah, the Priest/King would die by the sword.
- iv) The Holy place of worship would be destroyed.
v)The land would be occupied by a foreign nation/ cities would be destroyed.
vi)There would be hunger/thirst for the word of God.
(vii) God would cover the land with total darkness/ eclipse.
(viii) There would be earthquakes.
(c) How the church punishes errant members.
(i) The church suspends them
(ii) It denies them participation in the church activities/rituals.
(iii) They may be denied leadership positions/demoted. withdrawal of privilages
(iv) They may be publicly condemned/asked to repent/apologise.
(v) They may be warned.
(vi) Some may be transferred to difficult areas.
(vii) They may be sacked from the job
(viii) They may be excommunicated.
- ix) Payment of fines
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Qualities of God from the call of prophet Jeremiah.
(i) God is the creator
(ii) God knows every person by name/all knowing.
(iii) God is a planner/chooses/appoints.
(iv) God is holy.
(v) God hates/punishes evil.
(vi) God is just/judges
(vii) He is caring/concerned.
(viii) God is merciful/forgiving.
(ix) God is universal.
(x) God is a protector/deliverer
(xi) He is powerful/almighty/omnipotent.
(xii) He is beyond human understanding/transcedent.
(xiii) He is everywhere/omnipresent.
(8×1=8 marks)
(b) The characteristics of the new covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.
(i) The laws would be written in the hearts of men and women.
(ii) Every individuaLwould know God individually.
(iii) It would be an everlasting covenant/ would not be broken again.
(iv) There would be suffering for ones sins.
(v) God would forgive their sins/remember them no more.
(vi) It would be established after God punishes Israel/wiih the remnant.
Vii) It would establish a new Israel/ a new people of God.
(viii) It would be initiated by God.
(6×1 = 6 marks)
(c) Ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters.
(i) By donating food clothing for them.
(ii) By providing shelter for them.
(iii) By resettling them in safe areas.
(iv) Offering guidance and counselling.
(v) Through healthcare.
(vi) By re-uniting them with their families.
(vii) By providing financial assistance
(viii) By taking preventive measures against future disaster. (6×1 = 6 marks)
(ix) Through visiting them.
- x) Praying for/ with them.
- xi) Preaching to them
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate with God.
(i) They make sacrifices to God.
ii)They sing/dance for God.
iii) They say prayers to God.
- iv) Through charting/recitation/ involving God’s name
- v) They give offerings/food stuffs
- vi) Through burning incense
(5 x 5 = 5 marks)
(b) Reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African communities.
- i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community.
- ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialise/ unity
iii) It diverts the initiates minds from the impending pain.
- iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
- vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies
vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/ rebuke cowardice.
(viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/ skills/talents.
(ix)They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies/ happiness/ rejoice
(x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiative/ drive away evil spirits/ blessing for the initiates
- xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment/ enjoyment/happiness
(8×1=8 marks)
(c) Reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community.
- i) Witchcraft leads to death/destruction.
- ii) It is the work of the evil spirits.
iii) It leads to poverty/ loss of property
- iv) It involves cheating/telling lies
- v) In some cases people are forced to leave their homes/ migrate to other places.
- vi) It can lead to break up of families/ conflicts/ quarrel/division.
vii) A person can be banished/made an outcast./ excommunication
viii) Witchcraft causes suspension/hatred/mistrust amongst the people.
- ix) It leads to underdevelopment.
- x) It can cause physical/psychological. Injury.
- xi) It can cause embarrassment to an individual/family
(7×1=7 marks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEMEME-2012
- a) Micahs prophecies about Messiah.
- i) The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem
- ii) He will rule over Israel
iii) His origin is from the old/ancient days.
- iv) He will be born of a woman.
- v) He will feed his flock.
- vi) He will rule in the majesty/power of God.
vii) In his time, Israel will be secure.
viii) He shall be great to the ends of the earth
- ix) Israel will have victory over her enemy/ there will be peace in Israel.
(7×1=7marks)
- b) The message of Angel Gabriel about John the Baptist;
- i) John the baptist was to be a son
- ii) His name was to be John
iii) He would bring joy/ gladness to his parents/ many will rejoice at his birth.
- iv) He will be great before God.
- v) He was to drink no wine/strong drink
- vi) He was to be filled with the Holy spirit from his mother’s womb
vii) He would turn many of the sons of Israel to the Lord their God
viii) He was to go before the Lord in the spirit/power of Elijah.
- ix) He will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children/ the disobedient to the wisdom of the
- x) He was to make ready for the Lord a people prepared.
(7×1=7marks)
- c) Lessons Christians learn from Jesus when was dedicated.
- i) Christians should be righteous before God in order to experience Him in their lives.
- ii) Christians should thank God for blessing them.
iii) They should trust/have faith in God.
- iv) Christians should reach out to all people/preach salvation to them.
- v) Christians should show compassion to the needy in society.
- vi) Christians should be devoted in their worship of God regardless of the challenges they
vii) Christians should dedicate their children to God/fulfil the church obligations.
(3×2 = 6marks)
- a) The incident when Jesus was baptised in river Jordan by John the Baptist.
- i) John the Baptist baptised all the people
- ii) Jesus was also baptised
iii) Jesus was praying
- iv) The heavens opened.
- v) The Holy spirit descended upon Jesus.
- vi) A voice came from heaven.
vii) Jesus was described as the beloved son of God with whom He was pleased.
- b) Reasons why Christians undergo baptism today.
- i) Baptism enables them to become children of God.
- ii) It enables one to become a member of a Christian community/Christian denomination.
iii) It enables them to receive the power of the Holy Spirit.
- iv) It enables them to identify themselves with Christ/ all that he stands for.
- v) It symbolises that one has died and resurrected with Christ, leaving the old sinful nature/ acquisition of a new life in Jesus
- vi) Through baptism, one receives complete forgiveness of sins.
vii) It prepares Christians for the kingdom of God.
viii) It unites Christains as members of the body of Christ which is the Church.
- ix) It symbolises obedience to Jesus’ teaching.
- x) It acts as an outward sign of their inner faith as it is done publicly.
- xi) It is a sign of a new covenant with God.
- c) Importance of the transfiguration of Jesus to Christian today;
- i) It took place when Jesus and three of his disciples were praying. Christians should therefore take time off their duties to pray.
- ii) Jesus and his disciples had retreated to a private place/ mountain to pray Christians therefore should have retreats/ go to a private place for prayer.
iii) Resurrection is a reality since Moses who died appeared in the transfiguration. Christians therefore should have hope for life after death.
iv)Moses and Elijah appeared to encourage Jesus about the suffering he was about to face. Christians therefore learn that they should accept/endure suffering as a way to salvation.
- v) Jesus came to do the will of his Father/fulfill the law/prophecies. Christians are assured of salvation/should believe in the word of God.
- vi) The disciples heard the voice of God which commanded them to listen to Jesus. Christians learn that God speaks to them/they should listen to Gods voice/Jesus the word of God.
vii) The cloud symbolized God’s presence with Jesus. Christians therefore learn that God is always with them/ they should call upon Him for help/desire to be in the presence of God.
(4×2 = 8marks)
- a) The healing of the ten lepers.
- i) Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem
- ii) He met ten lepers/men who were suffering from leprosy.
iii) The men stood at a distance/shouted at Jesus to have mercy on them.
- iv) Jesus told them to go and show themselves to the priests.
- v) As they went, they were healed/cleansed.
- vi) One of them, a Samaritan came one’s praising God/thanked Jesus
vii) Jesus asked where the other nine were.
viii) Jesus wondered at the fact that only a foreigner returned to give praise to God.
- ix) Jesus asked him to rise/go his way for his faith had made him well.
(7×1=7marks)
- b) Jesus teaching on the power of faith;
- i) Faith gives believers strength to overcome temptations/sin.
- ii) It enables them to forgive each other constantly
iii) It makes even the weakest strong.
- iv) Enables believers to perform their duties without expecting material rewards.
- v) Faith enables believers to work tirelessly because there is a lot of work to be done.
- vi) Faith leads to physical healing.
vii) Faith enables believers to show gratitude to God for his blessings/benefits they have received from Him.
viii) It enables them to experience the kingdom to God in their hearts.
- ix) It enables believers to enter the kingdom of God/receive eternal life.
(4×2=8marks)
- c) Lessons Christian learn from the parable of the ten pounds.
- i) Christians should use the abilities that God has given them for the benefit of others.
- ii) Christians will be rewarded according to their performances.
iii) Christians have been given different gifts/abilities by God.
- iv) Christians will give an account of how they used their abilities.
- v) Christians need to be obedient/honest.
- vi) God expects Christians to use opportunities provided for His glory.
vii) Christians will lose their abilities if not put to use/punished.
(5×1=5marks)
- a) How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ.
- i) St. Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ
- ii) Christ is the head of the church
iii) The believers form parts of the body.
- iv) The body has different organs. In the same way the Church has different members
- v) They all need to work together for the well being of the church.
- vi) Every part of body is needed to make it whole all parts are interdependence/ one part cannot be without the other.
vii) The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the Holy Spirit to carry out God’s work.
viii) Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.
- b) Reasons why the use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the Church at Corinth;
- i) There was competition in speaking in tongues
- ii) There was disorder/confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to outdo one another
iii) People did not use their gifts for the benefit of the Church/one another.
- iv) Some gifts such as prophecy/teaching were looked down upon/there was pride/boasting.
- v) There was no interpretation of tongues when the gift of speaking in tongues was in use, hence messages were not understood.
- vi) People did not show love for one another.
vii) Those with the gift of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have/some members thought they were too spiritual.
- c) Ways in which the Christians in Kenya demonstrate the New testament teaching on unity.
- i) Christians meet for prayers/fellowship together.
- ii) They observe a day of worship to honour God.
iii) They share the Holy communion/meals.
- iv) They help those who are poor/needy
- v) They solve problems affecting the Church members
- vi) They hold joint crusades/rallies
vii)They also cooperate by providing Christian programmes in the mass media/ resource materials.
viii) They speak in one voice to condemn evil in society
- a) Sources of Christian ethics.
- i) Human reason/experience
- ii) The bible
iii) Traditions from Christian community
- iv) Natural law.
- v) Situation ethics.
- b) Reasons why Christian condemn homosexuality;
- i) Homosexuality is a form of sexual immorality
- ii) It is against God’s/ Biblical teaching it is a sin
iii) It is an abuse to the sacredness of sex
- iv) It is contrary to the natural order of things.
- v) Homosexuality does not enable procreation to take place
- vi) It lowers the dignity of human beings who are created in the image of God
vii) It can lead to diseases like Hiv/AIDs leading to human suffering.
viii) It leads to rejection/being an outcast.
(7×1=7marks)
- c) How responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians in Kenya today.
- i) Christian parents provide physical /basic needs for the family
ii)They provides spiritual guidance to their children
iii) They teach their children to live in harmony with others/moral values
- iv) They provide their children with education in order to acquire necessary knowledge/skills to realize their full potential
- v) They act as role models for their children
- vi) They discipline/correct the children whenever they deviate from the norms
vii) They provide protection/security to their children which enables the children to deal with situations in life.
viii) They teach their children how to grow physically/socially/psychologicaly so as for them to understand changes in their bodies as they develop.
(4×2=8marks)
- a) The traditional African concept of wealth.
- i) Wealth is a blessing from God.
- ii) It is part and parcel of human existence
iii) It is measured in the amount of property/wives/children one has
- iv) It can be individually/communally owned.
- v) Wealth is acquired through hardworking/inheritance/gift
- vi) Wealth determines ones social status.
vii) Wealth should be used to help the needy in society
viii) There are rules governing how it is distributed.
- ix) Wealth is used to worship God/appease ancestors
- b) Reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today
- i) Unemployment cases which makes an individual desperate to secure an employment chance by engaging in corrupt activities.
- ii) Desire for instant services/ make some people become corrupt.
iii) Some people feel that they have not been adequently paid for work done hence engage in corrupt acts to compensate themselves
- iv) Fear of arrest/punishment make law breakers to engage in corrupt deals.
- v) Some people engage in corrupt deals in order to be served due to ignorance of their rights.
- vi) Lack of moral integrity by some people.
vii) Greed makes some people to engage in corruption
viii) Due to tribal/ethnic affiliations.
- ix) There is no efficient machinery to curb corrupt practice.
(x) The Judiciary is not able to deal with injustice cases take too long tobe determined.
(xi) Some government agents abusethe power bestowed upon them.
(xii) The belief of the common person that the government is a master and therefore has
to be corrupted before receiving services.
(8 x 1 = 8 marks)
- c) Ways the Church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya.
(i) The Church preaches/teaches/encourages hard work among the citizens which enables them to fight poverty.
(ii) The Church speaks against vices like oppression/exploitation of the poor by the rich in the society which are promoting poverty.
(iii) The Church takes care of the poor by providing them with material possession
(iv) The Church has established projects that offer employment to members of the society this enables them to take care of their needs.
(v) The Church gives out bursaries to the needy children enabling them undertake education and get employment.
(vi) The Church is offering subsidized medical services which enhances the economic output/ productivity of the people.
(vii)The Church is working together with the government to create a peaceful society which promotes economic/social development.
(viii) The Church prays for God’s intervention in the lives of the poor which gives them hope in life.
(ix) It offers guidance and counselling to the poverty stricken thus enabling them to open up to realities of life.
(6×1=6 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEMEME-2012
- a) Micahs prophecies about Messiah.
- i) The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem
- ii) He will rule over Israel
iii) His origin is from the old/ancient days.
- iv) He will be born of a woman.
- v) He will feed his flock.
- vi) He will rule in the majesty/power of God.
vii) In his time, Israel will be secure.
viii) He shall be great to the ends of the earth
- ix) Israel will have victory over her enemy/ there will be peace in Israel.
(7×1=7marks)
- b) The message of Angel Gabriel about John the Baptist;
- i) John the baptist was to be a son
- ii) His name was to be John
iii) He would bring joy/ gladness to his parents/ many will rejoice at his birth.
- iv) He will be great before God.
- v) He was to drink no wine/strong drink
- vi) He was to be filled with the Holy spirit from his mother’s womb
vii) He would turn many of the sons of Israel to the Lord their God
viii) He was to go before the Lord in the spirit/power of Elijah.
- ix) He will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children/ the disobedient to the wisdom of the
- x) He was to make ready for the Lord a people prepared.
(7×1=7marks)
- c) Lessons Christians learn from Jesus when was dedicated.
- i) Christians should be righteous before God in order to experience Him in their lives.
- ii) Christians should thank God for blessing them.
iii) They should trust/have faith in God.
- iv) Christians should reach out to all people/preach salvation to them.
- v) Christians should show compassion to the needy in society.
- vi) Christians should be devoted in their worship of God regardless of the challenges they
vii) Christians should dedicate their children to God/fulfil the church obligations.
(3×2 = 6marks)
- a) The incident when Jesus was baptised in river Jordan by John the Baptist.
- i) John the Baptist baptised all the people
- ii) Jesus was also baptised
iii) Jesus was praying
- iv) The heavens opened.
- v) The Holy spirit descended upon Jesus.
- vi) A voice came from heaven.
vii) Jesus was described as the beloved son of God with whom He was pleased.
- b) Reasons why Christians undergo baptism today.
- i) Baptism enables them to become children of God.
- ii) It enables one to become a member of a Christian community/Christian denomination.
iii) It enables them to receive the power of the Holy Spirit.
- iv) It enables them to identify themselves with Christ/ all that he stands for.
- v) It symbolises that one has died and resurrected with Christ, leaving the old sinful nature/ acquisition of a new life in Jesus
- vi) Through baptism, one receives complete forgiveness of sins.
vii) It prepares Christians for the kingdom of God.
viii) It unites Christains as members of the body of Christ which is the Church.
- ix) It symbolises obedience to Jesus’ teaching.
- x) It acts as an outward sign of their inner faith as it is done publicly.
- xi) It is a sign of a new covenant with God.
- c) Importance of the transfiguration of Jesus to Christian today;
- i) It took place when Jesus and three of his disciples were praying. Christians should therefore take time off their duties to pray.
- ii) Jesus and his disciples had retreated to a private place/ mountain to pray Christians therefore should have retreats/ go to a private place for prayer.
iii) Resurrection is a reality since Moses who died appeared in the transfiguration. Christians therefore should have hope for life after death.
iv)Moses and Elijah appeared to encourage Jesus about the suffering he was about to face. Christians therefore learn that they should accept/endure suffering as a way to salvation.
- v) Jesus came to do the will of his Father/fulfill the law/prophecies. Christians are assured of salvation/should believe in the word of God.
- vi) The disciples heard the voice of God which commanded them to listen to Jesus. Christians learn that God speaks to them/they should listen to Gods voice/Jesus the word of God.
vii) The cloud symbolized God’s presence with Jesus. Christians therefore learn that God is always with them/ they should call upon Him for help/desire to be in the presence of God.
(4×2 = 8marks)
- a) The healing of the ten lepers.
- i) Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem
- ii) He met ten lepers/men who were suffering from leprosy.
iii) The men stood at a distance/shouted at Jesus to have mercy on them.
- iv) Jesus told them to go and show themselves to the priests.
- v) As they went, they were healed/cleansed.
- vi) One of them, a Samaritan came one’s praising God/thanked Jesus
vii) Jesus asked where the other nine were.
viii) Jesus wondered at the fact that only a foreigner returned to give praise to God.
- ix) Jesus asked him to rise/go his way for his faith had made him well.
(7×1=7marks)
- b) Jesus teaching on the power of faith;
- i) Faith gives believers strength to overcome temptations/sin.
- ii) It enables them to forgive each other constantly
iii) It makes even the weakest strong.
- iv) Enables believers to perform their duties without expecting material rewards.
- v) Faith enables believers to work tirelessly because there is a lot of work to be done.
- vi) Faith leads to physical healing.
vii) Faith enables believers to show gratitude to God for his blessings/benefits they have received from Him.
viii) It enables them to experience the kingdom to God in their hearts.
- ix) It enables believers to enter the kingdom of God/receive eternal life.
(4×2=8marks)
- c) Lessons Christian learn from the parable of the ten pounds.
- i) Christians should use the abilities that God has given them for the benefit of others.
- ii) Christians will be rewarded according to their performances.
iii) Christians have been given different gifts/abilities by God.
- iv) Christians will give an account of how they used their abilities.
- v) Christians need to be obedient/honest.
- vi) God expects Christians to use opportunities provided for His glory.
vii) Christians will lose their abilities if not put to use/punished.
(5×1=5marks)
- a) How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ.
- i) St. Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ
- ii) Christ is the head of the church
iii) The believers form parts of the body.
- iv) The body has different organs. In the same way the Church has different members
- v) They all need to work together for the well being of the church.
- vi) Every part of body is needed to make it whole all parts are interdependence/ one part cannot be without the other.
vii) The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the Holy Spirit to carry out God’s work.
viii) Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.
- b) Reasons why the use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the Church at Corinth;
- i) There was competition in speaking in tongues
- ii) There was disorder/confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to outdo one another
iii) People did not use their gifts for the benefit of the Church/one another.
- iv) Some gifts such as prophecy/teaching were looked down upon/there was pride/boasting.
- v) There was no interpretation of tongues when the gift of speaking in tongues was in use, hence messages were not understood.
- vi) People did not show love for one another.
vii) Those with the gift of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have/some members thought they were too spiritual.
- c) Ways in which the Christians in Kenya demonstrate the New testament teaching on unity.
- i) Christians meet for prayers/fellowship together.
- ii) They observe a day of worship to honour God.
iii) They share the Holy communion/meals.
- iv) They help those who are poor/needy
- v) They solve problems affecting the Church members
- vi) They hold joint crusades/rallies
vii)They also cooperate by providing Christian programmes in the mass media/ resource materials.
viii) They speak in one voice to condemn evil in society
- a) Sources of Christian ethics.
- i) Human reason/experience
- ii) The bible
iii) Traditions from Christian community
- iv) Natural law.
- v) Situation ethics.
- b) Reasons why Christian condemn homosexuality;
- i) Homosexuality is a form of sexual immorality
- ii) It is against God’s/ Biblical teaching it is a sin
iii) It is an abuse to the sacredness of sex
- iv) It is contrary to the natural order of things.
- v) Homosexuality does not enable procreation to take place
- vi) It lowers the dignity of human beings who are created in the image of God
vii) It can lead to diseases like Hiv/AIDs leading to human suffering.
viii) It leads to rejection/being an outcast.
(7×1=7marks)
- c) How responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians in Kenya today.
- i) Christian parents provide physical /basic needs for the family
ii)They provides spiritual guidance to their children
iii) They teach their children to live in harmony with others/moral values
- iv) They provide their children with education in order to acquire necessary knowledge/skills to realize their full potential
- v) They act as role models for their children
- vi) They discipline/correct the children whenever they deviate from the norms
vii) They provide protection/security to their children which enables the children to deal with situations in life.
viii) They teach their children how to grow physically/socially/psychologicaly so as for them to understand changes in their bodies as they develop.
(4×2=8marks)
- a) The traditional African concept of wealth.
- i) Wealth is a blessing from God.
- ii) It is part and parcel of human existence
iii) It is measured in the amount of property/wives/children one has
- iv) It can be individually/communally owned.
- v) Wealth is acquired through hardworking/inheritance/gift
- vi) Wealth determines ones social status.
vii) Wealth should be used to help the needy in society
viii) There are rules governing how it is distributed.
- ix) Wealth is used to worship God/appease ancestors
- b) Reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today
- i) Unemployment cases which makes an individual desperate to secure an employment chance by engaging in corrupt activities.
- ii) Desire for instant services/ make some people become corrupt.
iii) Some people feel that they have not been adequently paid for work done hence engage in corrupt acts to compensate themselves
- iv) Fear of arrest/punishment make law breakers to engage in corrupt deals.
- v) Some people engage in corrupt deals in order to be served due to ignorance of their rights.
- vi) Lack of moral integrity by some people.
vii) Greed makes some people to engage in corruption
viii) Due to tribal/ethnic affiliations.
- ix) There is no efficient machinery to curb corrupt practice.
(x) The Judiciary is not able to deal with injustice cases take too long to be determined.
(xi) Some government agents abuse the power bestowed upon them.
(xii) The belief of the common person that the government is a master and therefore has
to be corrupted before receiving services.
(8 x 1 = 8 marks)
- c) Ways the Church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya.
(i) The Church preaches/teaches/encourages hard work among the citizens which enables them to fight poverty.
(ii) The Church speaks against vices like oppression/exploitation of the poor by the rich in the society which are promoting poverty.
(iii) The Church takes care of the poor by providing them with material possession
(iv) The Church has established projects that offer employment to members of the society this enables them to take care of their needs.
(v) The Church gives out bursaries to the needy children enabling them undertake education and get employment.
(vi) The Church is offering subsidized medical services which enhances the economic output/ productivity of the people.
(vii) The Church is working together with the government to create a peaceful society which promotes economic/social development.
(viii) The Church prays for God’s intervention in the lives of the poor which gives them hope in life.
(ix) It offers guidance and counselling to the poverty stricken thus enabling them to open up to realities of life.
(6×1=6 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEMEME-2012
- (a) The literary forms used in the writing of the Bible
(i) Poetry
(ii) Wise sayings
(iii) Prose/narratives
(iv) Letters/Epistles
(v) Legal/Law expressions
(vi) Songs
(vii) Prophetic/ speeches
(viii) Gospels
(ix) Philosophical essays
(x) Prayers eg Nehemiah
- xi) Sermons (6×1=6 marks)
(b) Reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by early Christians.
(i) The eye witnesses of Jesus Christ were being killed.
- ii) In order to prevent information from getting lost/distorted
iii) Due to the expansion of the church/increased number of believers/who needed material to refer to.
iiv) To counteract false teachings/ teachers who were confusing the believers.
(v) To ensure that same doctrines/beliefs, were being taught to all Christians
- vi) To reach out to the Jews in Diaspora/ gentiles
vii) To preserve an orderly account of biblical themes/ distortion
(4×2= 8 marks).
(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible in Kenya today.
(i) Christians read the Bible for spiritual growth/ meditation/ Bible study
(ii) They use it for instructing converts.
(iii) It is used as a text book when teaching Christian Religious Education in schools/colleges.
(iv) It is used as resource material in search of general knowledge.
(v) It is used to compose Christian hymns/ songs/ dramas/ plays/ films.
(vi) It is used in taking oaths/vows/swearing.
(vii) It is used as a prayer book
(viii) It is used for preaching evangelism
(ix) It is used to explain Christian ethics/ rituals/ doctrines.
- x) It is used to produce Christian literatures of Christian magazines
(6 x 1 = 6 marks)
- a) The covenant ceremony between God and Abraham.
(i) Abraham was in doubt for the promise of a son.
(ii) God assured him that his own son would inherit him and not Eliezer of Damascus.
(iii) God showed Abraham the many stars and confirmed that his decedents would be as the stars.
(iv) God asked Abraham to bring him a heifer, a goat, a ram, each three years old, a dove and a young pigeon.
(v) Abraham cut the animals into and arranged the halves in two rows.
(vi) The birds were not cut.
(vii) He drove away the birds of prey that targeted the carcasses.
(viii) At sunset Abraham fell into a deep sleep.
(ix) God spoke to him giving the promise that his descendants would be slaves for four
hundred years but He would set to liberate them.
(x) Abraham was promised a long peaceful life. Good old age.
(xi) Abraham saw God pass through the carcasses in form of a smoking fire pot and a flarming torch.
xii) Reaffirmed to give them land.
(7x1=7marks)
- b) Differences between Jewish and the traditional African circumcision practices.
(i) In the Jewish community, it is for boys only while in some traditional African
communities it is for both boys and girls.
(ii) In the Jewish community, it is done on eighth day while in traditional African communities it is done during adolescent stage.
(iii) Its purpose in the Jewish community is to identify with God’s people while in traditional African communities it is to promote one to adult life.
(iv) Among the Jews, the practice was commanded by God while in traditional African communities it was done in obedience to the ancestors.
(v) The rite is not seasonal among the Jews as is the case in traditional African communities.
(v) In traditional African communities it is a gate way to more responsibilities while among the Jews one is too young for any responsibility.
(4×2= 8 marks)
- c) Reasons why church leaders in Kenya take vows before starting their mission.
(i) To receive God’s blessing/guidance.
(ii) To get acknowledgement from the people being served.
(iii) It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/mission.
(iv) To get the authority of God to lead.
(v) It gives the leader courage to do his/her work.
(vi) It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve.
(vii) To emulate the Biblical way of commissioning servants of God.
(5×1=5marks)
- (a) Ways used by King David to promote the workup of God in Israel.
(i) He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.
(ii) He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came for important religious occasion.
(iii) He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.
(iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.
(v) He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its construction.
(vi) When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.
(vii) He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do
viii) He entered into a covenant with God.
- ix) He build alters / offered sacrifices
(6×1=6marks)
(b) Life skills used by Prophet Elijah to fight against false religion.
(i) Asseniyeness – he told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.
(ii) Creative thinking – He requested for a contest between the prophets of Baal and himself.
(iii) Decision making -He killed the prophets/prophetess of baal.
(iv) Self esteem – He was convinced that God was on his side.
(v) Negotiation – Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and Baal.
(vi) Conflict resolution – Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that Yahweh was the true God.
(vii) Effective communication – He explained to the people how the contest was to be carried out.
(viii) Self awareness – He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ he had confidence in himself.
(4×2 = 8marks)
(c) Problems faced by church leaders in carrying out their work.
(i) They receive threats from the opponents.
(ii) They lack material/ financial assistance.
(iii) There is lack of cooperation from the church members.
(iv) There is rivalry among the leaders/themselves.
(v) They may not be good role models/hypocrisy.
(vi) They may suffer from long separation from their families.
(vii) There is misinterpretation of the Biblical theology from different sources/ Science & technology.
(viii) Greed for things/property.
(ix) They may be posted to a hostile working environment.
(x) There is political interference in their work.
(xi) They may lack adequate skills for carrying out their work.
xii) Permissiveness/ corruption/ mass media
xiii) Rejection
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Reasons why Amos was against the worship of God in Israel
(i) The Israelites had neglected God/worshipped idols.
- ii) They practised insincere worship/had no inner faith.
iii) The worshippers were not righteous/they mistreated fellow Israelites which was against God’s teaching.
- iv) They worshipped God as well as Baal/practiced syncretism.
- v) They were impatient during the worship ceremony/wanted to go back to their businesses.
- vi) They gave sacrifices/ offerings as a show off/ pride/ not for love of God
vii) They had many ceremonial festivals/ feasts
(viii) They showed disrespect to the name of God through sexual immorality.
(ix) They defiled the place of worship. eg drinking & wine
- x) Building high places for the gods & worshipped other gods.
(4×2=8 marks)
- b) Ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to Prophet Amos.
- i) Israel would be surrounded by an enemy nation.
- ii) The Israelites would be taken to exile
iii) Amaziah, the Priest/King would die by the sword.
- iv) The Holy place of worship would be destroyed.
v)The land would be occupied by a foreign nation/ cities would be destroyed.
vi)There would be hunger/thirst for the word of God.
(vii) God would cover the land with total darkness/ eclipse.
(viii) There would be earthquakes.
(c) How the church punishes errant members.
(i) The church suspends them
(ii) It denies them participation in the church activities/rituals.
(iii) They may be denied leadership positions/demoted. withdrawal of privilages
(iv) They may be publicly condemned/asked to repent/apologise.
(v) They may be warned.
(vi) Some may be transferred to difficult areas.
(vii) They may be sacked from the job
(viii) They may be excommunicated.
- ix) Payment of fines
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Qualities of God from the call of prophet Jeremiah.
(i) God is the creator
(ii) God knows every person by name/all knowing.
(iii) God is a planner/chooses/appoints.
(iv) God is holy.
(v) God hates/punishes evil.
(vi) God is just/judges
(vii) He is caring/concerned.
(viii) God is merciful/forgiving.
(ix) God is universal.
(x) God is a protector/deliverer
(xi) He is powerful/almighty/omnipotent.
(xii) He is beyond human understanding/transcedent.
(xiii) He is everywhere/omnipresent.
(8×1=8 marks)
(b) The characteristics of the new covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.
(i) The laws would be written in the hearts of men and women.
(ii) Every individuaLwould know God individually.
(iii) It would be an everlasting covenant/ would not be broken again.
(iv) There would be suffering for ones sins.
(v) God would forgive their sins/remember them no more.
(vi) It would be established after God punishes Israel/wiih the remnant.
Vii) It would establish a new Israel/ a new people of God.
(viii) It would be initiated by God.
(6×1 = 6 marks)
(c) Ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters.
(i) By donating food clothing for them.
(ii) By providing shelter for them.
(iii) By resettling them in safe areas.
(iv) Offering guidance and counselling.
(v) Through healthcare.
(vi) By re-uniting them with their families.
(vii) By providing financial assistance
(viii) By taking preventive measures against future disaster. (6×1 = 6 marks)
(ix) Through visiting them.
- x) Praying for/ with them.
- xi) Preaching to them
(6×1 = 6 marks)
- a) Ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate with God.
(i) They make sacrifices to God.
- ii) They sing/dance for God.
iii) They say prayers to God.
- iv) Through charting/recitation/ involving God’s name
- v) They give offerings/food stuffs
- vi) Through burning incense
(5 x 5 = 5 marks)
(b) Reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African communities.
- i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community.
- ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialise/ unity
iii) It diverts the initiates minds from the impending pain.
- iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
- vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies
vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/ rebuke cowardice.
(viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/ skills/talents.
(ix)They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies/ happiness/ rejoice
(x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiative/ drive away evil spirits/ blessing for the initiates
- xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment/ enjoyment/happiness
(8×1=8 marks)
(c) Reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community.
- i) Witchcraft leads to death/destruction.
- ii) It is the work of the evil spirits.
iii) It leads to poverty/ loss of property
- iv) It involves cheating/telling lies
- v) In some cases people are forced to leave their homes/ migrate to other places.
- vi) It can lead to break up of families/ conflicts/ quarrel/division.
vii) A person can be banished/made an outcast./ excommunication
viii) Witchcraft causes suspension/hatred/mistrust amongst the people.
- ix) It leads to underdevelopment.
- x) It can cause physical/psychological. Injury.
- xi) It can cause embarrassment to an individual/family
(7×1=7 marks)
4.10 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (313)
4.10.1 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 (313/1)
- (a) The poetic books in the Bible
(i) Job
(ii) Psalms
(iii) Proverbs
(iv) Ecclesiastes
(v) Song of Solomon.
5×1 5 marks
(b) Translation of the Bible from the original languages to local languages
(i) The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew.
(ii) The New Testament was originally written in Greek.
(iii) The Old Testament was translated from Hebrew into Greek.
(iv) The entire Bible was translated into Latin by Jerome.
(v) The Bible was translated directly from Hebrew and Greek into English by
William Tyndale.
(vi) The Bible was translated into national languages of European countries during
the period of Reformation.
(vii) It was translated from English into Kiswahili by Dr. Kraph.
(viii) The Bible has been translated into other local languages by the Bible Society of
Kenya/individuals.
4×2 8 marks
(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Gospel today.
(i) The Bible is the main source book for Christian sermons.
(ii) It is used in the writing of Christian literature.
(iii) The Bible is used when composing songs.
(iv) It is used in the production of Christian movies/videos/radio programs/plays.
(v) the Bible is used in swearing/taking of oath of allegiance.
(vi) It is used to organize Bible studies/teaching Sunday/Sabbath schools.
(vii) Verses from the Bible are used for imprints/posters.
(viii) The Bible is used in writing of doctrines for different denominations.
(ix) Biblical texts are used in teaching of Christian Religious Education.
(x) It is used to offer guidance and counselling.
7×1 7 marks
- (a) The incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac.
(i) God told Abraham to take his only son to the land of Moriah/ to offer him as a
sacrifice.
(ii) Abraham took his son, two servants and wood for burnt offering.
425
(iii) They arrived at the place after a three day’s journey.
(iv) Abraham commanded his servants to remain behind as he and Isaac went up to
worship.
(v) He took Isaac, the firewood and the knife, and went up.
(vi) Isaac asked his father where the lamb for the offering would come from.
(vii) Abraham told Isaac that God would provided the lamb for a burnt offering.
(viii) When they arrived at the place God had commanded, Abraham built an altar.
(ix) He bound Isaac/laid him on the altar upon the wood.
(x) Abraham took the knife to slay his son but the angel of the Lord stopped him.
(xi) Abraham saw a ram, which he offered instead of his son.
(xii) He called the name of the place, The Lord will provide.
(xiii) The angle appeared to Abraham a second time and gave him promises because
of his obedience.
(xiv) Abraham returned with his men to Beersheba.
6×1 6 marks
(b) Differences between Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.
(i) In Jewish Community, circumcision is for male children only whereas in African
practices, it is for both male and female.
(ii) Among the Jews, circumcision is performed on babies of 8 days old whereas in
traditional African communities, it is done during adolescence stage.
(iii) In African communities, it is a test of courage, whereas in Jewish community, it
is a sign of covenant with God.
(iv) Circumcision in African communities is a communal practice whereas among
the Jews, only members of the immediate family participate.
(v) In traditional African communities, initiates take up responsibilities while
among the Jews, the initiates are too young to shoulder any responsibility.
(vi) In African communities, circumcision is carried out during specific seasons
while among the Jews, it is continuous.
4×2 8 marks
(c) Ways in which Christians Identity themselves in the society today.
(i) Christians wear specific designs of clothes.
(ii) They abstain from eating some kinds of food/taking some drinks.
(iii) By carrying/wearing the rosary/cross/the flag/badges/rings.
(iv) They have special ways of greetings/salutations.
(v) Through making personal testimonies/pronouncements.
(vi) By owning specific Bible versions/literature.
(vii) Through speaking in tongues.
(viii) Use of specific church designs.
(ix) Use of different titles/ names.
(x) Through ways in which they worship.
(xi) By residing in secluded homes/houses.
6×1 6 marks
426
- (a) Ways in which prophet Samuel promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel.
(i) He prayed/interceded for the people.
(ii) He mediated between God and the Israelites.
(iii) He performed priestly duties/made sacrifices.
(iv) He condemned King Saul for disobeying God.
(v) He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political King/dangers of
rejection.
(iv) He condemned King Saul for disobeying God.
(v) He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political King/dangers of
(vi) He anointed kings over Israel.
(vii) He obeyed God’s command’s /instructions/was exemplary.
4×2 8 marks
(b) Effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of Prophet Elijah.
(i) God raised prophets to bring Israel back to the covenant way of life.
(ii) There was persecution/hostility/towards Yahweh’s people/prophets.
(iii) Bad prophets/prophetesses were brought to Israel.
(iv) There was corruption/social injustices/people rejected the covenant way of life.
(v) Israelites practiced Semitism mixed the worship of Yahweh with Baal.
(vi) There was drought in Israel for three years as a divine curse on the nation.
(vii) Israel lost its identity as a nation of God’s people.
(viii) A contest was held at Mount Carmel to prove who was the true God.
(ix) Elijah fled the country/was sustained by God’s power during the period of the
drought.
6×1 6 marks
(c) Lessons Christians learn about social justice from the story of Naboth’s vineyard.
(i) Christians should not use their position in leadership to acquire wealth
irregulary/falsely.
(ii) Christians should protect the poor against corrupt leaders.
(iii) They should safe guard property received through inheritance/according to the
law.
(iv) They should not be misled by their friends/relatives to go against the law.
(v) Christians should execute justice/protest rights/freedom of citizens.
(vi) they should condemn all forms of injustice in the society.
(vii) Christians should champion/fight for the rights of the weak in the society.
(viii) There is punishment for those who exploit the poor/others.
6×1 6 marks
- (a) Characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament,
(i) False prophets did not have a divine call/raised themselves.
(ii) They spoke falsehoods/lies.
(iii) They prophesied out of their own minds/imaginations.
427
(iv) They prophesied what the people wanted to hear/according to circumstances.
(v) They misled people from the covenant way of life/promoted idolatry.
(vii) They hindered the work of true prophets.
(viii) They worked for material gain/paid for their services.
(ix) Their prophecies were not fulfilled.
6×1 6 marks
(b) The teaching of Prophet Amos on Israel’s election.
(i) Israel’s election was out of God’s own initiative/favour for them.
(ii) God delivered the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt.
(iii) He led them during the exodus.
(iv) He protected them in the wilderness.
(v) He defeated all their enemies.
(vi) God gave them special land to inherit.
(vii) God raised prophets among them to lead them in their religious life.
(viii) God was to punish the Israelites because of their disobedience.
6×1 6 marks
(c) Factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith in God.
(i) Lack of role-models/mentorship.
(ii) Job commitment.
(iii) Social injustices.
(iv) Peer pressure.
(v) False teachings/different interpretation of the Bible.
(vi) Greed for power/wealth.
(vii) Permissiveness in society.
(viii) Science and technology.
(ix) Poverty/unemployment.
(x) Sickness/ill health.
(xi) Influence from mass media.
(xii) Cultural influence/Ethnicity/Racism.
(xiii) Gender bias.
(xiv) Generation gap.
8×1 8 marks
- (a) The measures taken by Nehemiah to restore the Jewish Community after the completion
of the wall of Jerusalem.
(i) Nehemiah organized for the Mosaic law to be read/interpreted to the people.
(ii) He led the Jews in the renewal/celebration of the Feast of Booths /Shelters.
(iii) The people fasted/held a national day of confession of their sins.
(iv) The covenant was sealed through signing of the agreement by Nehemiah/
leaders.
(v) He led the people in taking of an oath of obedience to the Mosaic law/
contribution towards the maintenance of the temple.
(vi) Nehemiah re-distributed the inhabitants of Jerusalem/the countryside.
428
(vii) He dedicated the walls /the gates of Jerusalem in a ceremonial procession.
(viii) Through the reading of the law, the Jews isolated themselves from the
foreigners.
(ix) Nehemiah cleansed the temple/brought back the Levites/singers to their
positions.
(x) He stopped traders from carrying out commercial activities at the temple gates
on the Sabbath day.
(xi) Nehemiah made the Jews take an oath not to marry children to foreigners.
7×1 7 marks
(b) Why Nehemiah introduced the Policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.
(i) Nehemiah wanted to keep the Jewish community pure.
(ii) The Jews were a minority group which needed to preserve their identity/culture.
(iii) Nehemiah wanted to separate/unite the Jews who returned from exile.
(iv) To solve conflicts over land ownership.
(v) Intermarriage would lead the Jews into idolatry.
(vi) The law of Moses was against association with foreigners.
(vii) Children born out of intermarriage could not speak the Hebrew language.
(viii) Religious reforms could not be effectively carried out.
4×2 8 marks
(c) Ways in which the government of Kenya supports church leaders in their work.
(i) The government gives financial/material assistance for development.
(ii) The government supports church-sponsored institutions.
(iii) By setting land aside for construction of church facilities.
(iv) The government allows freedom of worship.
(v) By availing facilities to host church workshops/seminars/conferences.
(vi) By including CRE in the curriculum.
(vii) By employing some of them as Chaplains in education institutions and in the
armed forces.
(viii) Organizing national prayer days.
(ix) Supporting leaders in conducting their charitable services.
(x) Through the development of the infrastructure.
(xi) The government has granted permission to the church to operate electronic/
media station.
(xii) The government recognizes the church calender.
5×1 5 marks
- (a) Causes of death in traditional African Communities.
(i) Curses
(ii) Witchcraft
(iii) Sorcery/magic
(iv) Breaking of taboos
(v) Failure to perform certain taboos
(vi) Breaking of an oath
(vii) Offending the ancestors
429
(viii) Natural calamity
(ix) Wars and raids.
6×1 6 marks
(b) Significance of rituals performed after the death of a person in traditional African
Communities.
(i) Wailing/crying is a sign of sorrow/announcing death.
(ii) Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/deceased.
(iii) Prayers are made to ask the ancestors to accept the dead in the world of spirits.
(iv) Sharing of members of the bereaved family signify new life in the community.
(v) Singing and dancing depict anger towards death/in praise of the dead.
(vi) Washing/oiling of the body before burial shows respect to the departed .
(vii) Burying of the dead in the ancestral land shows that one is still a member of the
community.
(viii) Burying the dead with personal belongings symbolizes life after death.
(ix) Driving of cattle/livestock shows chasing away of evil spirits which caused
death.
(x) Feasting/drinking is meant to bid farewell to the dead.
(xi) Breaking of pots/destruction of property symbolizes the disorder brought by
death.
(xiii) Sharing of deceased’s property among relatives as a sign of solidarity.
(xiv) Lighting of fire signifies chasing away evil spirits/warning spirits of the
deceased.
(xiv) Pouring of libation shows continuity of life.
7×1 = 7 marks
(c) Moral Values promoted during Funeral Ceremonies in traditional African Communities
(i) Cooperation/unity
(ii) Responsibility
(iii) Respect
(iv) Obedience
(v) Loyalty
(vi) Honesty
(vii) Courage
(viii) Love
(ix) Faith/trust
(x) Hope
(xi) Thankfulness
(xii) Self control
(xiii) Generosity.
430
7×1 = 7 marks
4.10.2 Christian Religious Education Paper 2 (313/2)
- (a) The annunciation of the birth of John the baptist.
(i) Angel Gabriel appeared to Zechariah as he performed his priestly duties in the
temple;
(ii) The angel stood by the right side of the alter;
(iii) Zechariah was filled with fear when he saw the angel;
(iv) The angel told him not to be afraid because his prayer had been heard;
(v) The angel told Zechariah that the wife would bear him a son/the son would be
called John;
(vi) The angel informed Zechariah the work/qualities of the son to be born.
(vii) Zechariah did not believe the angel’s message because he and his wife were
advanced in age;
(viii) The angel revealed his identity as Gabriel who had been sent by God to bring
the message.
(ix) Because of his unbelief, the angel made him dumb until the baby is born.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
(b) What Christians learn about the person and mission of John the baptist from the
message of angel Gabriel to Zechariah.
(i) John would bring joy/gladness to many people;
(ii) He would be great before God;
(iii) John would be a Nazarite/would not drink any wine;
(iv) He would be filled with the Holy spirit;
(v) He would reconcile the Israelites with God.
(vi) He would have the spirit/power of Elijah.
(vii) He would bring justice;
(viii) He would prepare people for the coming of the Messiah.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
(c) Ways in which the church in Kenya assists families to cope with challenges facing
them
(i) The church organises seminars/workshops for different groups on family life;
(ii) Offering guidance and counselling;
(iii) Paying visits to families;
(iv) Producing/disseminating literature on proper christian living;
(v) Preaching financial/material support to the ready families;
(vi) Giving financial/material support to the ready families;
(vii) Praying for the families;
(viii) Providing vocational training;
(ix) Offering employment to jobless people;
(x) Condemning vices which threaten families.
8 x 1 = 8 marks
431
- (a) The call of the first disciples of Jesus (Luke 5: 1-11)
(i) Jesus was standing by the lake of Gennesaret;
(ii) He saw two boats without the fishermen;
(iii) He entered Simon’s boat/asked them to push it into the water;
(iv) He sat down/taught people from the boat;
(v) He asked Simon to push the boat into the deep water/cast the nets for a catch;
(vi) Simon told Jesus that they had been fishing the whole night without success;
(vii) He obeyed Jesus’ command/let the nets down;
(viii) They caught a lot of fish/asked their partners in the other boat to assist them
remove the nets.
(ix) They filled both boats with fish/the boats began to sink;
(x) Simon Peter and his companions were astonished at the miraculous catch of
fish/Peter asked Jesus to depart from him because he was sinful man.
(xi) Jesus told Peter not to be afraid because he was to catch men from then;
(xii) They brought their boats to land/followed Jesus.
8 x 1 = 8 marks
(b) Reasons why Jesus chose the twelve disciples
(i) In order to teach them the secrets of the Kingdom of God.
(ii) To have companions/person assistants;
(iii) To form an inner grap which should assist him during his public ministry;
(iv) To be witnesses to his saving acts in the world;
(v) To reveal his person/give a new understanding of his messiahship;
(vi) It symbolised the reconstruction of the twelve tribes of Israel.
(vii) To train/prepare them for the mission after his death.
(viii) To lay a foundation for the establishment of the church.
(ix) To continue with the biblical theme of election in which God chooses anyone to
serve him.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
(c). Lessons that christians learn from the call of the first disciples.
(i) Christians learn that God chooses anyone regardless of their status in the
society;
(ii) He gives them duties/responsibilities to serve him in various capacities;
(iii) They should be obedient to Jesus’ instructions/commands;
(iv) Christians should be humble/accept their weaknesses;
(v) They learn that God can intervene in their lives;
(vi) Christians should work together as a team;
(vii) God reveals himself in everyday activities;
(viii) Christians should be ready to abandon forsake their past lives fort he sake of
Christ.
(ix) They should respond to Jesus’ call instantly/immediately.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
432
- (a) Jesus’ teaching on watchfulness and readiness
(i) Believers should be dressed for his coming;
(ii) They should keep their lamps burning;
(iii) They should be awake/alert;
(iv) Those who are found waiting
(v) They should be prepared at all times since they do not know the time for
Christ’s coming;
(vi) Believers should continue working until Christ comes back;
(vii) The servants/believers who are drunkards/mistreat fellow workers will be
punished;
(viii) Those who know what is required of them/their masters will and fail to do it
will receive a severe beating;
(ix) Believers are expected to respond to God according to how much they have
received from Him.
(x) Those who do wrong out of ignorance will receive lesser beatings/punishment.
8 x 1 = 8 marks
(b) The parable of the widow and the unjust judge
(i) There was a judge who neither feared God nor regarded man;
(ii) There was a widow who kept on coming to the judge to settle a case between
her and her enemies/adversaries;
(iii) The judge at first refused to grant the request of the widow;
(iv) The widow did not give up/persisted on her request;
(v) The judge was afraid of getting warn out by the widows’ insistence;
(vi) The judge finally accepted to grant the widow her request.
(vii) Jesus said that God would vindicate/grant the request of those who pray to Him
persistently;
(viii) Jesus said that God responds to these who pray to Him in faith speedily.
6 x 1= 6 marks
(c) Reasons why Christians should have faith in god
(i) God fulfills the promises he makes to human beings;
(ii) Faith is a requirement for all Christians;
(iii) Those who pray in faith receive their request;
(iv) Christians are dependent on God for all things;
(v) Faith is a sign of commitment to God;
(vi) It is through faith, in God that Christians can perform miracles/great things.
(vii) Christians who have faith in God can be saved/healed;
(viii) Faith in God helps Christians to overcome temptations/face challenges/
persecutions;
433
(ix) Faith in God enables the Christians to wait patiently for second coming of
Jesus/Kingdom of God.
6 x 1 =6 marks
- (a) The gifts of the holy spirit
(i) Word of Wisdom;
(ii) Word of Knowledge;
(iii) Gift of Faith;
(iv) Gift of Healing;
(v) Gift of working miracles;
(vi) Gift of Prophecy;
(vii) Gift of speaking in tongues;
(viii) Interpreting of tongues;
(x) Distinguishing between spirits.
8 x 1 = 8 marks
(b) How the life of peter was transformed on the day of pentecost
(i) He was filled with the power of the Holy Spirit;
(ii) He spoke in tongues;
(iii) He defended the apostles that they were not drunk;
(iv) Peter become courageous;
(v) He preached the word of God;
(vi) He became a witness of the work/death and resurrection of Jesus Christ;
(vii) He was able to remember/narrate old testament scriptures;
(viii) He gained wisdom/advised the people on what to do.
6 x 1 =6 marks
(c) Ways in which the gifts of the holy spirit are abused in the church today
(i) Some Christians pretend that they have a certain gift of the Holy spirit;
(ii) By asking for payment before healing the sick;
(iii) Christians misuse the gift of prophecy by giving wrong information;
(iv) Some Christians may impart demonic powers on the innocent/ignorant as they
claim to perform miracles;
(v) Some Christians who possess the gifts of the Holy spirit develop pride/
arrogance;
(vi) Some use the gifts to bring division in the church/creating splinter groups;
(vii) Some Christians refuse to utilize the gifts they posses/personalize the gifts;
(viii) Speaking in tongues during worship leads to disorder/confusion if the tongues
are not interepreted/understood.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
434
- (a) Importance of Leisure
(i) Leisure enables an individual to spend time with God;
(ii) It enables one to rest the body;
(iii) It helps one to rejuvenate/regain lost energy;
(iv) It offers an opportunity for one to socialise with friends/family;
(v) People are able to discover new ideas/information during leisure time;
(vi) It gives one opportunity to develop talents;
(vii) It enables one to serve others/the needy;
(viii) It provides an opportunity for one to take care of the environment;
(ix) It helps to maintain/improve one’s health.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
(b) Leisure activities common to Christianity and Traditional African Communities
(i) Singing/dancing;
(ii) Storytelling/proverbs/riddles;
(iii) Sporting activities;
(vi) Visiting/travelling;
(v) Weaving/Basketing/Crafts;
(vi) Retreats;
(vii) Gardening;
(viii) Buying/exchange of goods;
(ix) Taking siesta;
(x) Education/training.
7 x 1 = 7 marks
(c) The dangers of using illicit drugs in Kenya today:
(i) There is an increase in rate of crimes committed;
(ii) Use of illicit drugs leads to sexual immorality/contracting sexually transmitted
infections/HIV and Aids;
(iii) Dependence on illicit drugs depletes resources leading to poverty;
(iv) Illicit drugs can damage vital organs;
(v) Illicit drugs causes indiscipline in institutions of learning;
(vi) The number of street children/families is increasing as a result of using the drugs
(vii) Use of illicit drugs is illegal/the offenders are liable for punishment;
(viii) Use of illicit drugs can cause employer/employee conflicts;
(ix) Illicit drug users become irresponsible/quarrelsome/irritable leading to family
disagreements/breakup.
(x) Use of illicit drugs can lead to murder/death.
7 x 1 = 7 marks
435
- (a) How science and technology has improved human life.
(i) Modern means of transport enables human beings to travel faster;
(ii) Use of electronic/print media: human beings are able to access/pass information
to large audience;
(iii) Use of industrial machines enables work to be done faster/efficiently;
(iv) Use of fertilizers/Agricultural machinery has led to increased production/yields/
preservation of food.
(v) Use of medicine/medical equipment has prolonged human life/reduces
suffering;
(vi) Use of equipment related to weather forecast assists human beings in
understanding their environment;
(vii) New sources of energy have enhanced human life.
4 x 2 = 8 marks
(b) Reasons why Christians are opposed to euthanasia
(i) God is the only one who gives life and thus should be the one to take it away.
(ii) Euthanasia equals to murder which is biblically condemned/Thou shall not kill.
(iii) It destroys God’s image in human beings;
(iv) Human judgement is limited and therefore cannot make correct decision on
terminating the life of others;
(v) Medical ethics only allows a doctor to sustain life and not to take it away;
(vi) It is against Jesus’ mission on earth to heal the sick;
(vii) Suffering is part of a christian’s life from the teachings of Jesus and therefore it
cannot be used to justify euthanasia;
(viii) The works of mercy involve saving life/not destroying it;
(ix) It is a constitutional right to uphold human life.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
(c) Ways in which Christians can help to control desertification
(i) Christians need to practise afforestation/reafforestation programmes;
(ii) By practising agro-forestry;
(iii) Using alternative sources of energy as opposed to charcoal/firewood.
(iv) Providing education to the public or how to preserve the environment;
(v) Participating in environmental conservation programme;
(vi) Donating/giving financial assistance to bodies that control desertification;
(vii) Protecting all water catchment areas;
(viii) Carrying/practising better methods of farming;
(ix) Reporting cases of forest destruction to relevant authorities;
(x) By participating in the enactment of laws on environmental conservation;
(xi) Providing guidance and counselling/advice to those involved in activities related
to environmental degradation.
6 x 1 = 6 marks
3.10 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (313)
3.10.1 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 (313/1)
1 (a) Identify the five poetic books in the Bible. (5 marks)
(b) Outline the translation of the Bible from the original language to local languages.
(8 marks)
(c) Describe seven ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the gospel today.
(7 marks)
2 (a) Describe the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac.
(Genesis 22: 1-19) (6 marks)
(b) Give four differences between the Jewish and traditional African practices of
circumcision. (8 marks)
(c) State six ways in which Christians identify themselves in the society today.
(6 marks)
3 (a) How did prophet Samuel promote the worship of Yahweh in Israel? (8 marks)
(b) Explain six effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of prophet Elijah. (6 marks)
(c) What lessons can Christians learn about social justice from the story of Naboth’s
vineyard? (6 marks)
4 (a) Identify six characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament. (6 marks)
(b) Describe the teaching of prophet Amos on Israel’s election. (6 marks)
(c) State eight factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith in God.
(8 marks)
5 (a) Outline the measures taken by Nehemiah to restore the Jewish community after the
completion of the wall of Jerusalem. (7 marks)
(b) Explain why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.
(8 marks)
(c) Identify five ways in which the government of Kenya supports church leaders in their
work. (5 marks)
6 (a) Outline the causes of death in traditional African communities. (6 marks)
(b) Explain the significance of rituals performed after the death of a person in traditional
African communities. (7 marks)
(c) List seven moral values promoted during funeral ceremonies in traditional African
communities. (7 marks)
132
3.10.2 Christian Religious Education Paper 2 (313/2)
1 (a) With reference to Luke 1: 8-20, describe the annunciation of the birth of John the
Baptist. (6 marks)
(b) What do Christians learn about the person and mission of John the Baptist from the
message of angel Gabriel to Zechariah? (6 marks)
(c) State eight ways in which the church in Kenya assists families to cope with the
challenges facing them today. (8 marks)
2 (a) Describe the call of the first disciples of Jesus. (Luke 5:1-11). (8 marks)
(b) Give six reasons why Jesus chose the twelve disciples. (6 marks)
(c) Identify six lessons that Christians learn from the call of the first disciples.
(6 marks)
3 (a) Outline Jesus’ teaching on watchfulness and readiness. (Luke 12:35-48). (8 marks)
(b) Narrate the parable of the widow and the unjust judge. (Luke 18:1-8). (6 marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians should have faith in God. (6 marks)
4 (a) Identify the gifts of the Holy Spirit according to Saint Paul. (1 Corinthians 12: 7-11).
(8 marks)
(b) How was the life of Peter transformed on the day of Pentecost? (6 marks)
(c) Explain six ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit are abused in the church today.
(6 marks)
5 (a) State the importance of leisure. (6 marks)
(b) Identify seven leisure activities common to both Christianity and traditional African
communities. (7 marks)
(c) Explain the dangers of using illicit drugs among the youth in Kenya today.
(7 marks)
6 (a) Explain how science and technology has improved human life. (8 marks)
(b) Give six reasons why Christians are opposed to euthanasia. (6 marks)
(c) Identify ways through which Christians can help to control desertification. (6 marks)
133
