Agriculture f4 exam questions and answers pdf

May 31, 2025 Hillary Kangwana

Name: ………………………………………….Index No: …………………….

443/2

AGRICULTURE

Paper 2

2 hours

KASSU EXAMINATION 2021

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

AGRICULTURE

PAPER 2

2 HOURS

Instructions to candidates.

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
This paper consists of three sections A, B and
Answer ALL the questions in section A and B and any two questions in section C.
All answers must be written in the spaces provided.
Do not remove any pages from the question paper.

For Examiner`s use only

Section	Questions	Maximum score	Candidates score
A	1-18	30
B	19-22	20
C		20
	20
Total Score	90

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

Give two uses of the roof of cattle dip tank. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

State two causes of soft shelled eggs. (1mk)

Give four signs of farrowing in a sow. (2mks)

Outline four causes of cannibalism in a flock of layers in the deep system. (2mks)

State four maintenance practices carried out on a Jack plane. (2mks)

State three uses of solar power on the farm. (1½ mks)

Name four types of layer breeds of chicken. (2mks)

Give the distinguishing characteristics of Essex and Wessex Saddle back breed of pigs.(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Give four symptoms of brucellsis in cows. (2mks)

State four reasons why inbreeding may be useful in livestock production. (2mks)

Give two effects of Tsetse flies on livestock. (1mk)

Name two types of rabbit houses. (1mk)

List four types of vaccines used in livestock production. (2mks)

Name four types of pests that affect bees. (2mks)

Outline three reasons why farmers dehorn cattle. (1¹/2mks)

(a. Differentiate between cropping and harvesting as used in fish production. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Name two species of fresh warm water fish. (1mk)

Give four reasons for steaming up dairy cattle. (2mks)

List four post milking practices. (2mks)

SECTION B (20 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The diagram below shows the digestive system of a chicken. Study it and answer question that follow.

. Identify the parts labeled L,M and N above. (2mks)

K………………………………………………………………………………………

L………………………………………………………………………………………

M………………………………………………………………………………………

N……………………………………………………………………………………….

. Give the function of the part labeled M that makes it efficient in digesting food. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the illustration below showing an animal suffering from a disease. Study it and answer question that follow.

. Identify the disease the animal is suffering from. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b. What causes the disease shown above? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c. Give three symptoms shown by a cow suffering from the disease above. (3mks

Study the farm structure shown below and answer questions that follow.

. Identify the structure shown above. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) . Name the parts labeled I,J,K and L. above. (2mks)

I…………………………………………………………………………………………………

J………………………………………………………………………………………………….

K…………………………………………………………………………………………………

L………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c ) . Give two disadvantages of using the structure above in pasture fields. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

The diagram below shows a stir up pump. Study it and answer questions that follow.

(a. Name the parts labeled A,B,C and D. (2mks)

A…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B……………………………………………………………………………………………………

C…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

D…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b. State two maintenance practices that should be carried out on the equipment illustrate above (2mks)

(c. State one disadvantage of using the equipment above in controlling ticks. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (20 Marks

Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided.

(a) .Describe Newcastle disease under the following sub headings

Causal organism (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Symptoms (6marks)

Control measures (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State and explain the requirements of a deep litter home in poultry (10marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) . Describe the procedure of training a calf to take milk from a bucket in artificial calf

Rearing. (5marks)

(b). Outline seven factors considered when selecting eggs for incubation. (7marks)

(c ) Describe management practices that would ensure clean milk production in a dairy farm.

(8marks)

(a). Describe the symptoms of livestock infection in livestock (6marks)

Explain the rearing of chicks from 1 day old to 8 weeks old. (14 marks)

KASSU EXAMINATION 2021

443/2

AGRICULTURE PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME:

SECTION A

1 Uses of the roof in a cattle dip; (1mk)

Prevents evaporation of acaricide solution.
Prevent particles and dust from dropping into the dip tank.
Prevent dilution of acaricide solution by rain water.

2 Causes of soft shelled eggs;(1mk)

Lack of calcium
Attack by Newcastle disease

3 Four signs of farrowing in pigs (2mks)

Restlessness
Frequent urination
There is enlargement of the vulva
Muscles on each side of the tail slacken
There is loss of appetite
The udder and the teats become enlarged
The sow collects bedding material at one corner to build a nest
24 hours before farrowing there is milk present in the teats.

4 Causes of cannibalism in poultry (2mks)

Presence of external parasites
Overcrowding of birds
Bright light
Presence of prolapse
Mineral deficiency
Introduction of new birds in the flock

5Maintenance of a jack plane (2mks)

Apply oil to prevent rusting
Repair broken parts
Replace lost bolts and nuts
Store properly in a tool rack
Sharpening or whetting the blade on an oilstone when necessary.
Laying it on its side at the workbench if not in use.
Tighten loose nuts and screws
Cleaning it after use.

6 Uses of solar power (1 ½ mks)

Drying farm produce and other materials
For heating water
For distillation of clean drinking water
For cooking
For generating electricity

7 Types of layer breeds of chicken (2mks)

White leghorn
Brown leghorn
Black leghorn
Ancona
Minorcas
Exchequer
Issa brown

8 Distinguishing characteristics of essex and wessex saddle back

Essex saddle back has all legs are white while for wessex saddle back they are only the fore legs which are white (1mk. Mark it as a whole)

9 Symptoms of brucellosis (2mks)

There occurs a spontaneous abortion or pre-mature birth
Retained afterbirth /placenta after abortion
The cow becomes barren.
the bulls have low libido and inflamed testis (orchitis)
A yellowish, brown, slimy, odorless discharge from the vulva may occur after abortion.

10 Reasons for inbreeding in livestock. (2mks)

To increase genetic uniformity in the herd
Used to fix the required characteristics in the new-breeds
To increase phenotypic uniformity
Used to get proven sires
Used in animals of high prepotency

11 Effects of Tsetseflies on livestock (1mk)

Transmit the disease trypanosomiasis
Suck blood causing anaemia
Their bites cause damage to the skin
Their bites cause wounds which may act as routes for secondary infections by pathogens.
They cause irritation.

12 Types of rabbit houses (1mk)

Morantcage
Hutch

13 Types of vaccines used in livestock. (2mks)

Live virulent vaccines
Live attenuated vaccines
Killed or dead vaccines
Toxoids

14 Type of pests that affect bees. (2mks)

Ants
Wax moth
Bee louse
Honey badgers

15 Reasons for dehorning cattle. (2mks)

To make animal docile
Reduce incidence of animals injuring each other
Reduce incidence of animals damaging farm structures
Increase feeding, watering and transportation space
Add aesthetic value to the animal

16 “Cropping” is the removable of marketable size of fish from the pond while harvesting is the removal of all the fish from the pond. (1mk. Mark it as a whole)

17Reasons for steaming up. (2mks)

To provide nutrients for maximum foetal growth
To help build up energy for parturition
To ensures birth of a healthy animal
To promote good health of the mother
To increase and maintains high milk yield after birth

18Four post – milking practices. (2mks)

Weighing and recording of milk
Straining
Cooling and storing
Cleaning of utensils
Washing the palour

SECTION B (20 Marks)

20 (a) K….Crop ( ½ mk)

L…Proventiculous( ½mk)

M.. Gizzard ( ½ mk)

N … Ceacum( ½mk)

(b) Function of the part labeled K (1mk)

– Stores food temporarily

– Moistens the food

(c ) Characteristics of the part labeled M. (2mks)

Equipped with muscles on each side.
Sliding movements of these muscles causes the crushing and grinding of food particles.
Presence of grit/sand stones that enable crushing of the food.

20 (a) Milk fever (1mk)

(b) Low level of calcium in the blood stream of the animal/ Deficiency of calcium in animal that has recently given birth (1mk)

(c ) Symptoms of the disease are; (3mks)

Dullness
Muscular twitching causing the animal to tremble
Staggering as the animal moves
Animal falls down and becomes unconscious
The animal lies down on its side and the whole body stiffens
Body functions such as urination, defecation and milk secretion stops
Stomach contents are drawn into the mouth which later cause lung fever when breathing in.
Loss of appetite.

21 (a) Barbed wire fence (1mk)

(b) I……….Standard ( ½mk)

J……….Braces ( ½mk)

K……..King post/Strainer ( ½mk)

L ……… Barbs ( ½mk)

(c ) – Cannot control / prevent small animals from entering the fields

Couses injuries to the animals
Plucks wool from the sheep. (2mks)

22 (a) A ——-Hose pipe/delivery pipe. ( ½mk)

B——-Trigger control ( ½mk)

C——– Lance ( ½mk)

D——— Nozle ( ½mk)

(b) Maintenance practices of the equipment; (2mks)

– Wash thoroughly and dry it after use

– Replace or repair worn – out parts

– Unblock blocked nozzles.

– Sieve water to avoid dirt blocking nozzles

– Grease movable parts such as the trigger control valve

– Store it in a clean and dry place

– Tighten any loose parts.

( c ) Disadvantage of using the equipment: (1mk)

Cannot be operated by one person
All the hidden areas of the ticks may not reached by the chemicals after spray.
Sprays small number of animals
Chemical cannot penetrate to the inner parts of the body incase of wool animals
Wastes the chemicals.

SECTION C (40 Marks)

23 (a) Newcastle disease

Causal organism is virus. (1mk)
(6mks)
The birds have difficulties in breathing. They produce a harsh, grating rasping sound when breathing.
The beak remain wide open and neck is strained
The birds become dull
The birds stand with eyes closed all the time.
The birds loose appetite
There are nasal discharges which force the birds to shake their heads to clear it.
Birds walk with a staggering motion since its nervous system is affected
Paralysis of wings and legs may occur
Often the birds have their beaks and wings down.
Birds produce watery greenish diarrhea
Eggs laid have soft shells.
Vaccination should be done during the first 6wks

In case of an attack farmers are advised to kill all birds and burn them

Clean and disinfect the house before bringing in new birds.

Quarantine is imposed once there an outbreak.

(1 x 3 = 3mks)

(b) Requirements of a deep litter house in poultry. (5 X 2 =10 Marks)

– Site – the area where the house is built should be well drained

– House – the house should be leak – proof, well ventilated and raised 60 – 90 cm from the ground. It should be draught free. The floor should be placed with litter to keep it warm and dry

– Feeders and waterers should be enough and kept clean. They should be placed at various points in the chicken house to avoid over crowding.

– Roosts and perches- these should be provided and be well spaced. They should be movable to avoid accumulation of droppings at certain points, causing dampness.

– Nests – There should be enough laying nests with sufficient space to accommodate the birds laying.

24 (a) Procedure of training a calf to drink milk from a bucket. (5mks)

Well measured milk is put in a clean bucket
Index finger is inserted into the mouth of the calf.
Lower the finger slowly until it is submerged in milk as the calf sucks. This allows the calf to drink milk.
The finger is withdrawn slowly as the calf continues to drink from the bucket.
The procedure i.e steps(i) – (iv) is repeated until the calf gets to learn how to drink milk from a bucket without any assistance.

(b) Factors considered when selecting eggs for incubation. (7 x 1 =7mks)

– The fertility of the eggs

– The size of the eggs- they should be medium size. 55 – 60 gms is appropriate and any wight below or above this affect hatchability.

– The smoothness of the shells. Shells shold be smooth

– Shape of the egg- They should be oval shaped eggs.

– The eggs should be free from any cracks in the shells.

– Cleanliness. The eggs should be clean to ensure that the pores are open.

– Abnormalities. The eggs should not have any abnormalities such as bllod spots, meat spots or double yolk.

– Eggs should be fresh that is collected within one week.

– The eggs should be fresh and should not have been stored for more than 8 – 10 days.

(c )Procedures that would ensure clean milk production:

Milking equipment should be clean
Clean milking palour/shed
The udder should be cleaned before milking
The milkman should be clean and healthy
The cows should be tested for mastitis before milking
Cows with mastitis be milked last and milk disposed off.
The milk should be sieved/ filtered after milking
The milk should be stored in a cool dry place/ proper storage.
Cow should be healthy/check the cows regularly for milk –borne disease.
The milk should be covered after milking.
Feeds that can taint milk should be avoided/equipment that can taint milk should be avoided.
Milk should be cooled immediately to reduce bacterial multiplication.
Clip hair around udder and flank.

1 x 8 = 8marks)

25 (a) Symptoms of liver fluke infestation in livestock. (6marks)

Loss of weight and emaciation
Pot-bellied condition due to watery swellings on the body of the affected animals
The animal will suffer indigestion
Damage to the liver tissues and hemorrhage due to movement of flukes within the liver.
Anaemic condition due to sucking of blood.
Dullness and the animal appearing depressed.
Swollen and painful abdomen.
Recumbency precedes death

(b) Rearing of one day old chicks to 8weeks old. (14 Marks)

– On arrival supply water mixed with glucose or Ecozine

– Feed chicks on fresh chick mash

– Clean feeders before feeding

– provide adequate feeders and waterers.

– provide adequate feeds and water as per the age.

– vaccinate chicks against gumboro disease and marek after two weeks. Vaccinate against New castle at 3 – 4wks and fowl typhoid at seven weeks. Follow vaccination program.

– Dust the chicks and the brooder with appropriate chemicals to control external parasites.

– Check and adjust brooder temperature accordingly.

– Provide coccidiostat in water/feed to control coccidiosis.

– Dim light be provide to prevent toe pecking

– Introduce roosts to chicks from 6^th week.

– Gradually introduce grower”s mash to the chicks from 7^th week.

– Isolate and treat sick chicks.

– Properly dispose dead chicks

– Control internal parasites by deworming

– Debeaking should be done at 10 days old.

– Provide grit to chicks.

– Keep proper records.

( 14 x 1 = 14 Marks)

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