Keng’uso Secondary KCSE 2024/2025 Full Results Analysis {Verified Knec Official Results}

Keng’uso Secondary KCSE 2024/2025 Full Results Analysis {Verified Knec Official Results}

SCHOOL’S NAME KENGUSO
Total Candidates/ Entry 38
A (Plain) 0
A- (Minus) 0
B+ (Plus) 0
B (Plain) 0
B- (Minus) 1
C+ (Plus) 3
C (Plain) 10
C- (Minus) 8
D+ (Plus) 13
D (Plain) 3
D- (Minus) 0
E 0
X (Absent) 0
Y (Cancelled) 0
U (Not Graded) 0
P (Pended) 0
W (withheld) 0
2022 MEAN SCORE 3.452
2023 MEAN SCORE 5.409
2024 MEAN SCORE 4.973
DEVIATION -0.436
2024 MEAN GRADE C- (minus)
Position in Nyamira County 85
University Direct Entry (C+ & above) 4
% Transition to university 10.5263
Physical Location: Sub County NYAMIRA NORTH

Release Of Examinations Results

The Kenya National Examinations Council (KNEC) wishes to bring the following information to the attention of all institutions presenting candidates for the KNEC examinations:

Examination Results Slips and Printouts
Each of the institutions that enter candidates for the KNEC examinations shall receive a hard copy of the institution’s examination results printout and result slips which captures the following information:
1. Institution’s Code and Name
This appears on the top left side of the printout.  The institution’s code is a unique number by which an examination centre is identified by the Council.  This is the number that an institution should always quote whenever communicating with KNEC.
2. Candidates Details
Below the institution’s name and code are details of the candidates.  These details include the index number of the candidate, year of examination, gender, individual subject grades and the mean grade.
The important features of the examination results are as indicated below:-

  • X – denotes an absent candidate. A candidate is declared absent if he/she did not sit for one or all papers in the examination. However, for the KCPE examination results, the symbol AB indicates an absence;
  • Y- denotes that the candidate was involved in an examination irregularity. For the KCPE examination results, the symbol 00 indicates an irregularity;
  • P- denotes that the candidate’s examination results have been pended due to infringement on the entry requirements for the examination e.g. incorrect KCPE details for entry in KCSE examination;
  • W– denotes that the candidate’s examination results have been withheld on suspicion that the candidate has been involved in an examination malpractice and investigations are ongoing;
  • U- denotes ungraded examination results due to infringement of the awards criteria.

Mean Grade Award Descriptions

  • Mean grade will be X, if a candidate is absent in all subjects
  • Mean grade will be Y , if one or more subjects are cancelled
  • Mean grade will be U, if the entry requirements for the KCSE examination are not met
  • Mean grade will be CRNM, if the course requirements for the Teacher education, Business and Technical examinations are not met
  • Mean grade will be P, if results are pended
  • Mean grade will be W, if the examination results are withheld;

The details of pended, withheld and irregularities are communicated to the institution through the Sub County Director of Education at the time of release of the examination results and are received by the institutions at the same time with the examination results.

Release Of Certificates

Once certificates for a specific examination are ready for collection/dispatch from KNEC, the institutions shall be informed through the mass and print media, Sub County Directors of Education and/or the heads of institutions:

  • All certificates for regular candidates are issued through the Heads of Schools/Institutions and to private candidates through the Sub County Directors of Education.
  • The Kenya National Examinations Council reserves the right to withdraw a certificate for amendment or for any other reason should this be necessary.

Keng’uso Secondary KCSE 2024/2025 Full Results Analysis {Verified Knec Official Results}

 

 

 

KCSE AGRICULTURE REVISION PAPERS WITH MARKING SCHEMES

AGRICULTURE  I

SECTION A. 

  1. State two uses of a rotavator. 1mk
  2. List two methods of controlling coffee berry disease 1mk
  3. Identify four sources of agricultural information 2mks
  4. State two ways of controlling Rinderpest disease 1mk
  5. Mention four signs of infertility in cows 2mks
  6. How is cannibalism controlled in poultry 2mks
  7. List four maintenance of ox-cart 2mks
  8. Mention four common fodder crops grown in Kenya       2mks
  9. Name two diseases that attack cassava in the field 1mk
  10. Identify six physical measures of pest control in crops 3mks
  11. Differentiate between grass strips and trash lines 1mk
  12. Name two categories of land tenure 1mk
  13. Give four reasons why rabbits should be fed on balanced feeds 2mks
  14. List four causes of poor quality concrete 2mks
  15. Mention four reasons for maintaining farm buildings 2mks
  16. Identify four ways of reducing the problem of ewes disowning their lambs                   2mks
  17. State four advantages of using certified seeds from Kenya seed company             2mks
  18. State two symptoms of damping off disease in cabbages             1mk
  19. Name two methods of harvesting rice 1mk
  20. Mention two ways of classifying pests in crop production 1mk
  21. Name the dual purpose sheep 1mk
  22. Name the young of a donkey 1mk
  23. Name two primary hosts for liver flukes 1mk
  24. State one use of a tag applicator 1mk

 

SECTION B.

 

  1. a. State four effects of excess Nitrogen in crops 4mks
  2. List six roles of organic matter in the soil 6mks
  3. Mention three characteristics of phosphatic fertilisers 3mks
  4. a. State three ways of collecting semen from bulls for artificial insemination          3mks
  5. List six ways of carrying out pregnancy diagnosis in cows                                  6mks
  6. Give four reasons for conserving pastures                                                          4mks
  7. a. Name three tomatoes for fresh market 3mks
  8. State five reasons for pruning in crops 5mks
  9. i. Mention four factors to be considered when siting grain storage structures 4mks
  10. Differentiate between seed rate and plant population   2 mks

 

SECTION C.

 

  1. Explain field production of sweet potatoes from field preparation upto harvesting. 20mks.
  2. a. Explain management practices that ensure maximum production of eggs in poultry 12mks
  3. Explain management practices a beef farmer would carry out to minimise effects of low

rainfall                                                                                                              8 mks

  1. a. Mention five characteristics of pyrethrums                                                         5mks
  2. Explain environmental factors that affect effectiveness of agro-chemicals in crop

production.                                                                                                        5mks

  1. i. Differentiate between land consolidation and land fragmentation and settlement. 3mks.
  2. Explain objectives of land reforms.                                                               7mks.

 

AGRICULTURE I

MARKING SCHEME.

 

SECTION A.

 

  1. Uses of a rotavator
  • Refining seed bed / secondary tillage
  • Cultivation in clay soil / weeding in waterlogged soils.

2 x ½ = 1 mark.

 

  1. Control of C.B.D.
  • Open pruning
  • Plant resistant varieties e.g Ruiru II
  • Regular spraying with appropriate fungicides / copper fungicides / captafol

2 x ½ = 1 mark.

 

  1. Sources of agri – information.
  • Agricultural research stations
  • Neighbouring farms
  • Agricultural field days
  • Agricultural shows
  • Mass media eg. T.V, Radios
  • Agriculture extension officers
  • Farmers training centres
  • Agricultural training and education institution
  • Chiefs baraza.

4 x ½ = 2 marks.

 

  1. Control of Rinderpest.
  • Regular Vaccination
  • Separate sick and healthy ones
  • Imposing quarantine
  • Kill affected animals and proper disposal
  • Notify authorities of an outbreak.

2 x ½ = 1 mark.

 

  1. Signs of infertility.
  • A cow does not show heat signs
  • Abnormal discharge from vulva
  • Prolonged heat period
  • Irregular heat intervals / too short or too long heat intervals.

4 x ½ = 2 marks.

 

  1. Control of cannibalism.
  • Avoid bright light in brooder
  • Keep birds busy / hang green leaves
  • Give balanced feeds
  • Control external parasites / fleas
  • Debeak hens which peck others
  • Keep birds according to age-groups
  • Avoid overcrowding of birds / provide enough space to the birds.

4 x ½ = 2 marks.

 

 

  1. Maintenance of Ox-cart.
  • Lubricate moving parts regularly
  • Check tyre pressure and adjust accordingly
  • Clean it after use
  • Repair / replace any worn out / broken parts eg. yoke
  • Proper storage in a shed. 4 x ½ = 2 marks.

 

  1. Common fodder crops
  • Napier grass / elephant grass
  • Guatemala grass
  • Edible land
  • Kales
  • Manigolds
  • Lucerne / alfafa
  • Sorgum 4 x ½ = 2 marks.
  1. Cassava diseases.
  • Cassava mosaic
  • Brown streak
  • Bacterial bright. 2 x ½ = 1 mark.
  1. Physical measures of pest control.
  • Use of lethal temperature
  • Drying the grains
  • Irrigation / flooding the field
  • Suffocation / use of airtight stores
  • Physical destruction / trapping / picking and killing
  • Use of electromagnetic radiation.

6 x ½ = 3 marks.

  1. Grass strips uncultivated strips of grass left between cultivated strips to control soil erosion while trash lines are heaps of cup residues placed along contours in the cup field to reduce soil erosion.

1 x 2 = 2mks (mark as a whole)

  1. Categories of land tenure.
  • Collective land tenure
  • Communal land tenure. 2mks
  1. Reasons for balanced feeding.
  • For faster and quick growth
  • For earlier maturity
  • For good quality products
  • For increased resistance against diseases
  • For increased feed conversion

4 x ½ = 2 marks.

  1. Causes of poor quality concrete.
  • Less water to harden it used.
  • Too much sand / too little cement / ratio of sand to cement mixture not appropriate.
  • Premature drying of concrete.
  • Size of individual aggregates / coarse sand.

x ½ = 2 marks.

  1. Reasons for maintaining farm structures.
  • To last longer / for durability
  • For easy cleaning
  • For proper ventilation / to avoid dampness / too much heat
  • To reduce maintenance cost
  • To be more efficient in use
  • To be more secured / for security.

x ½ = 2 marks.

  1. Reducing disowning of lambs.
  • Ensure the ewes recognises its lamb soon after lambing.
  • Proper steaming of ewe before lambing.
  • Use of lambing pens
  • Mastitis control / dry ewe therapy
  • Blind folding of ewes to activate maternal instinct.

x ½ = 2 marks.

  1. Advantages of certifield seeds.
  • Free from pests and diseases and weeds
  • Viable / uniform germination
  • Vigorous growth / faster maturity
  • High yields
  • High quality product
  • True to type / not contaminated with other seeds
  • Reduces cost of treatment / treated with chemical.

x ½ = 2 marks.

  1. Symptoms of damping off
  • Falling of seedlings / withering and death of seedlings
  • Cobweb like black mass of fungi making a ring on the stem base.

x ½ = 1 mark.

  1. Methods of harvesting rice.
  • Use of sickles
  • Use of combine harvesters.

x ½ = 1 mark.

  1. Classification of pests.
  • According to where they are found or attack the crop produce
  • Nature of damage caused
  • Nature of mouthparts
  • Part of the plant damaged

x ½ = 1 mark.

  1. Dual purpose sheep.
  • Dorper
  • Harmpshire doam
  • Dorset horn

x ½ = 1 mark.

  1. Young of donkey

– foal

1 x 1 = 1mark

  1. Primary hosts for liverflukes.
  • Cattle
  • Sheep
  • Goats

1 x ½ = 1 mark.

  1. Use of a tag applicator
  • To cut and insert a tag in the ear of an animal for identification purposes.

1 x 1 =  1 mark

 

SECTION B.

 

  1. Effects of excess nitrogen.
  • Burning / scorching of the leaves
  • Weak stems and fruits
  • Delayed maturity
  • Excess succulency and crop lean or fall / lodging of crops

4 x 1 = 4mks.

 

  1. Role of organic matter
  • Binds soil particles so improve soil structure and texture
  • Reduces leaching and soil erosion
  • Buffers soil PH
  • Reduces toxicity of plant poisons
  • Provides food and shelter to micro-organisms
  • Makes phosphorous more available.
  • Increases water holding capacity of soil and water infiltration
  • Makes soils warm as it is dark.

1 x 6 =  6marks.

  1. Characteristics of phosphatic part.
  • Slightly soluble in water
  • Have a long residual effect
  • Not liable to leaching
  • Slight scorching / burning effect.

1 x 3 = 3 marks.

  1. a. Collecting semens.
  • Use of artificial vagina
  • Recovery of semen from vagina of females soon after natural service
  • By electrical stimulation of a bull to ejaculate.

1 x 3 = 3mks.

  1. Pregnancy diagnosis.
  • Noting absence of heat period after service
  • Decline in milk yield
  • Thick secretion from cervix
  • Rise in vaginal temperature above normal
  • Thick honey like secretion in the teat
  • Feel method / apply pressure on right flank to the foetus.
  • Rectal palpation / touching the rectism and feeling minute movements.
  • Check specific gravity and PH of cervical means change drastically.

1 x 6 = 6mks.

  1. Reasons for conserving forages.
  • To provide feed in dry season
  • To ensure feeding of animals throughout the year
  • To conserve forage for sale
  • For better and efficient utilisation of land.

1 x 4 = 4 marks.

27.a.  Fresh market tomatoes

  • Marglobe
  • Money maker
  • Hotset
  • Ponderosa
  • Super marmande
  • Early beauty
  • Hundred fold
  • Best of all.

 

  1. Reasons for pruning.
  • To maintain appropriate crop / leaf ration for maximum yields
  • To attain a regular cropping / to increase productive rate
  • To control over breaking and regulate cropping
  • To facilitate air circulation and light penetration.

1 x 5 = 5mks

 

  1. i.  Siting grain stores.
  • Accessibility / nearness to road
  • Security
  • Space for future expansion
  • Topography of the place
  • Direction of prevailing wind
  • Drainage of the area
  • Nearness to power source
  • Distance from crop field.

1 x 4 = 4mks

  1. Seed rate is the quantity of seeds planted in a given area of land while plant population

is the number of plants lawns growing in a given area of land after germination.

1 X 2 = 2 marks.

                        (mark as a whole)

 

SECTION C.

 

  1. Production of sweet potatoes.
  2. Field preparation
  • Should prepare during dry season
  • Should be prepared thoroughly
  • Clear the vegetation using appropriate tools eg. pangas, slashers
  • Dig / plough the field to uproot all needs.
  • Break the dods to medium tilth
  • Dig ridges spaced 90 – 150cm apart and add some organic manure

1 x 5 = 5 mks.

 

  1. Planting
  • Select vines / stem cuttings from the tips of vines of mature plants
  • The cuttings are about 25 – 90cm long
  • Plant when there is enough moisture in the soil / soon after onset of rains
  • Cover the vines up to 2/3 of their total length
  • Plant at a spacing of 30 – 60cm along the ridges between vines
  • Healthy vines should be used.

1 x 6 = 6 mks.

 

  • Field operations.
  • Uproot the weeds using a panga / forked jembes
  • Avoid cutting the roots
  • Earth up the soil on the vines to encourage more rooting and tuber expansion.
  • Uproot weeds by hands after crop establishment/ after 2 months in the field.
  • Control moles by trapping, also porcupines and squirrels
  • Spray with appropriate pesticide / endusulfan / fenithism to control sweet potato weevils
  • Control mites using appropriate chemicals to control spread of sweet potato virus B disease.

1 x 6 = 6mks.

  1. Harvesting
  • They are ready for harvesting 4 –5 months after planting
  • Large root tubers cause the ground to crack indicating readiness
  • Harvesting for food is done piecemeal using a sharpened stick or forked jembes.
  • Complete harvesting is done when the root-tubers are to be marketed.

1x 3 = 3mks.

 

 

  1. a. Maximum production of eggs.
  • Provide enough space / avoid overcrowding
  • Proper feeding on layers mash / ensure balanced feeding
  • Provide sand / grit to aid digestion
  • Provide clean rest boxes / clean shelters / observe hygiene
  • Provide enough laying boxes
  • Vaccinate against diseases / new castle / fowl typhoid.
  • Cull poor layers.
  • Frequent egg collection.
  • Control external parasites with appropriate pesticides
  • Avoid disturbance / proper handling
  • Gradual change of routine / feeds
  • Protection from extreme weather / No cold or hot conditions
  • Treat sick birds with appropriate drugs
  • Isolate sick birds from healthy ones
  • Administer coccidiostale in feed or water
  • Debeak egg eaters

1 x 12 = 12 marks.

 

  1. Management done by a beef farmer.
  • Conservation of forage when excess as hay / silage / standing forage
  • Paddocking of pastures / rotational grazing
  • Reseeding of pastures at beginning of the rains for maximum production
  • Water collection and storage / construct dams / ponds / boreholes to ensure constant supply.
  • Provide supplementary feeds/ concentrates during scarcity
  • Irrigation of pastures to increase yield during dry season
  • Planting pasture species adaptable to dry and conditions resistant to draught.
  • Select breeds of beef cattle resistant to dry conditions/ hardy cattle.

(Award for stating correct practice)

Award for practice for explanation)

1 x 8 = 8 mks.

 

  1. a. Characteristics of pyrethrums.
  • Act as nerve poisons
  • Have repellant effect
  • Have limited persistance
  • Are safer to the user
  • Have a rapid knock down effect.

1 x 5 = 5mks.

 

  1. Environmental influence on agro-chemicals.
  • Wind – men blow the chemical away from intended crops
  • Rain – may dilute or wash away the chemicals
  • Soils – some may absorb and retain more chemicals than others.
  • Light – may decompose some chemicals.
  • Temperature – increases translocation and hence absorption of chemicals.

 = 5mks.

 

  1. i. Land consolidation is putting together under one holding different
  • Land fragmentation is a situation where an individual farmer owns many separate pieces of land scattered over a wide area.
  • Settlement refers to occupation of land which was previously uninhabited

(mark as a whole)    1 x 3 = 3mks.

 

  1. Objectives of land reforms
  • To increase agricultural output through properland use
  • To orientates agricultural production to meet market demands.
  • To enhance efficient utilisation of land
  • To put idle land to use
  • To encourage commercial instead of subsistence production.
  • To encourage conservation and improvement of land and its resources
  • To settle the landless and ease population density pressure in some areas.
  • To create self employment.

1 x 7 = 7mks.

 

AGRICULUTURE II

 

Section A .

 

  1. What benefit do pastoralist farmers attain from camels? (1 mark)
  2. (i) State FOUR factors influencing soil formation                                               (4 marks)

(ii)     State the importance of the colour of a soil in soil forming process                 (2 marks)

  1. State FOUR methods that can be used to raise production in a group of sows (2 marks)
  2. State FOUR advantages of free-range system in poultry production (2 marks)
  3. Give FOUR differences between indigenous and exotic cattle (2 marks)
  4. State TWO advantages of rolling in land preparation (1 mark)
  5. Apart from bacteria and fungi name TWO other causes of diseases in crops (1 mark)
  6. (i) Name the primary host of tapeworm                                                               (1 mark)

(ii)     List TWO internal parasites that attack sheep.                                                 (1 mark)

  1. (i) State TWO ways of controlling Nematodes                                                      (1 mark)

(ii)     Give TWO pests that are disease vectors in crops                                             (1 mark)

  1. Mention FOUR farm structures which may be found in a mixed farm. (2 marks)
  2. What FOUR factors would one consider when choosing feedstuffs for preparing a livestock

ration?                                                                                                                    (2 marks)

  1. Why is it not necessary to have grass pasture as a livestock feed in pig production? (1 mark)
  2. State FOUR stages of curing hides and skins. (2 marks)
  3. State the role of Isthmus in the reproductive system of a layer (1 mark)
  4. (i) Name the crop usually attacked by the Zebra disease.                                    (½  mark)

(ii)     What is decortication?                                                                                    (1 mark)

  1. State THREE importance of lime in crop production. (11/2 marks)
  2. Name TWO characteristics that make Katumani maize variety recommended for marginal

areas.                                                                                                                      (1 mark)

  1. State FOUR ways of preventing swarming in bees. (2 marks)
  2. State FOUR factors that contribute to the competitive ability of weeds over cultivated crops. (2 marks)
  3. Mention any FOUR factors that affect the quality of hay. (2 marks)
  4. How can a farmer improve soil PH in his farm?                                                      (1 mark)
  5. State ONE reason for foot trimming in livestock. (1 mark)
  6. State FOUR characteristics of a good wood preservative. (2 marks)

Section B

 

  1. Mention THREE methods of classifications of herbicides. (3 marks)
  2. State FOUR factors considered when selecting a site for a vegetable nursery bed. (4 marks)

 

(i)      Name the class of animal represented by the above digestive system.               (1 mark)

(ii)     Label the parts indicated by the letters.                                                          (4 marks)

P     ___________________________

Q    ___________________________

R    ___________________________

S    ___________________________

 

(iii)    State one function of P and S                                                                        (2 marks)

(iv)    Give ONE reason why rabbits and donkeys are able to digest cellulose material.         (1 mark)

  1. Give a benefit for feeding colostrum to a newly born calf. (1 mark)
  2. Name THREE soil fractions. (3 marks)
  3. (a) State FOUR activities carried out on a site before laying a farm structure.       (2 marks)

(b)     State TWO methods commonly used in wood treatment.                               (2 marks)

(c)      Give FOUR maintenance practices done on live fence.                                   (2 marks)

(d)     Give ONE disadvantage of using stones for building.                                       (1 mark)

  1. (a) State TWO advantages of chemical control on crop pests.                               (2 marks)

(b)     State FOUR effects of plant diseases on crop production.                                (4 marks)

(c)      List TWO diseases and TWO pests that attack bananas in the field.                (2 marks)

  1. (a) Explain the difference between risk and uncertainty.                                       (1 mark)

(b)     Give FOUR ways in which farmers adjust to risk and uncertainties.                (2 marks)

(c)      State FOUR crucial questions a farmer would be trying to answer when preparing
a  partial budget.                                                                                           (2 marks)

 

Section C

 

32.(a) Describe the production of dry beans on a piece of land that has been follow under the                    following headings.

(i)      Ecological requirement                                                                                  (5 marks)

(ii)     Land preparation and planting.                                                                      (5 marks)

(iii)     Field management                                                                                        (5 marks)

(b) (i)       Give THREE causes of Blossom end rot?                                                      (3 marks)

(ii)     What is Blossom end Rot?                                                                             (2 marks)

  1. (a) State TWO types of fences.                                                                           (2 marks)

(b)     Give the advantages of hedges                                                                       (3 marks)

(c)      Outline the maintenance of the fence.                                                           (3 marks)

(d)     What information is found in calving records?                                               (3 marks)

(e)      What are aspects of wind that affect crop production?                                    (3 marks)

(f)      Briefly describe the effect of parasitism in livestock production.                     (6 marks)

 

 

 

34.(a) What characteristics make cassava an important food crop in most parts of Kenya?           (14 marks)

(b)   Name TWO diseases of cassava.                                                                           (2 marks)

(c)   State TWO symptoms of each disease named above.                                          (4 marks)

 

agRICULTURE II

MARKING SCHEME

 

  1. * Milk

*        Fur

*        Meat

*        Manure

*       Transport

*       Hide                                                                                                        (2 x1/2  =  1)

2.(i)   *        Topography / drainage

*        Living organism / vegetation

*        Climate – man – time

*        Parent rock  (4mks)

(ii)     *        Influence soil temperature whereby dark colour soils absorb and retain more
heat hence activities and survival of microbes.                                       (2 mks)

  1. * Proper feeding

*        Proper disease and pest control

*        Proper breeding

*        Proper control of worms

  1. * Cannibalism and egg eating are reduced

*        No need to provide grit as birds pick it from the soil

*        Less feed used

*        Manure is evenly spread to the runs, this helps vegetation to regenerate.     (4×1/2 = 2)

  1. Indigenous Exotic

(i).  Have hump                                          (i).  No hump

(ii). Resist high temperatures                      (ii)  Cannot resist high temperatures

(iii) Have dew lap                                        (iii) No no dew lap / small

(iv) Have high tropical diseases and             (iv) Have low resist tropical diseases and pests

pests

(v)  Can walk for long distance in                (v)  Cannot walk for long distance in search of
pasture search of pasture and water.              Pasture and water.

(vi) Have long calving interval                    (vi) Have short calving interval      (4 x 1/2  =  2)

 

  1. * To level the soil

*        To turn the soil                                                                                       (2 x 1/2  =  1)

  1. * Virus

*        Nutritional                                                                                             (2 x 1/2  =  1)

  1. (i) Man

(ii) –   Tapeworm

–  Liverfluke                                                                                               (2 x 1/2  =  1)

  1. (i) *        Soil fumigation

*        Use of crop rotation                                                                       (2 x 1/2  =  1)

(ii)     *        Aphid

*        Whitefly                                                                                       (2 x 1/2  =  1)

  1. * Crop stores

*        Crushes

*        Beehive / Breeding structures

*        Homestead

*        Fences

*        Silos

*        Cribs                                                                                                      (4 x 1/2  =  2)

  1. * Cost

*        Availability of feeds

*        Palatability

*        Physiological status / health

  1. * Because pigs are monogastric hence cannot digest grass / pasture.                        (1mk)
  2. * Washing

*        Fleshing

*        Trimming

*        Salting / drying                                                                                       (4 x 1/2  =  2)

  1. * Shell membrane is added

*        Addition of mineral, water and thin outer albumen.                                            (1mk)

  1. (i) Sisal                                                                                                                (1/2mk)

(ii)     Removal of the fleshy tissues from the fibres of sisal.                                          (1mk)

  1. * To increase the soil pH.

*        To supply soil nutrients

*        Improve soil structure                                                                     ( 3 x 1/2  =  11/2  )

  1. * Require little rainfall / precipitation

*        Mature faster                                                                                           (2 x 1/2  = 1)

  1. * Giving bees water during dry conditions

*        Controlling pests and diseases

*        Proper harvesting of honey to avoid killing bees

*        Siting  beehive away from the public road.                                              (4 x 1/2  =  2)

  1. * Heavy feeders

*        Produce a lot of seeds

*        Allotophetic

*        Smoothening effect

*        Some are parasitic                                                                                   (4 x 1/2  =  2)

  1. * Stage of growth at which forage is harvested.

*        Leaf content of the forage material

*        Method of handling and curing the material

*        Form in which material is fed to the animal

*        Species of forage used

*        Amount of foreign material in forage.                                                     (4 x 1/2  =  2)

  1. * Application of lime

*        Use of acid fertilizers                                                                                          (1mk)

  1. * To prevent foot rot.                                                                                            (1mk)

 

  1. * Poisonous to destructive agent

*        Permanent / stay long

*        Good penetration

*        Harmless to wood and metal fastener                                                       (4 x 1/2  =  2)

 

Section B.

 

  1. * Form e.g. granular / powder                                                                               (3mks)

*        Time of application e.g. pre-post plant

*        Mode of action e.g. systemmatic / non-systemmatic

 

  1. * Sheltered area protected from strong wind

*        Easily drained area

*        Near source of water

*        Should be free from stumps and roots

*        Should be fertile and well drained soil                                                          (4 x 1 = 4)

  1. (i) Polygastric / Ruminant animal                                                                            (1mk)

(ii)     P – Rumen

Q – Recticulum

R – Omasum

S – Absoption                                                                                                   (4 mks)

(iii)    P – Digestion of cellulose

S – Abomsm of water                                                                                 (2 x 1  =  2)

(iv)    * They digest in the ceaca                                                                                   (1mk)

  1. * Impart immunity to a newly born calf.

*        Has antibodies that enable the calf to resist diseases

*        Clean the bowel

*        Contain vitamins any                                                                           (Any 1 x 1 = 1)

  1. * Sand

*        Silt

*        Clay                                                                                                          (3 x 1  =  3)

29.(a) *        Clearing of bushes / grass

*        Levelling

*        Water drainage system around the structure to be made.                          (4 x 1/2  =  2)

(b)   *        Painting with old engine oil

*        Soaking in dieldrin

*        Applying chemicals using pressure

*        Charring

*        End diffusion / sap displacement / sap stream                                          (4 x 1/2  =  2)

(c)   *        Prunning

*        Gapping

*        Weeding

*        Controlling pests and diseases                                                                 (4 x 1/2  =  2)

(d) *        Expensive to transport / buy

*        Requires labour to shape them

*        Requires skills / techniques when laying                                                      (1 x 1  = 1)

30.(a) *        It is faster in pest control than other methods

*        The results of pesticides can be predicted.

*        More effective                                                                                           (1 x 2  =  2)

(b)  *        Lower yields / quantity

*        Lower quality of crop production

*        Causing poisoning to consumers

*        Increase production costs                                                                        (4 x 1/2  =  2)

(c)    *        Banana diseases – Cigar end rot, Panama disease, Sigatoka                     ( 1 /2  x 2 =  1)

*        Banana pests – Banana weavil, Banana thrips, Nematodes                       ( 2 x 1 /2 =  1)

31.(a)     Risk is the difference between the expected and the actual outcome and it could be
estimated while uncertainty is a situation in which the outcome cannot be estimated .
( 1mk)

(b) *        Diversification

*        Selecting a more reliable enterprise

*        Insurance

*        Guranteed prices

*        Input rationing                                                                                      ( 4 x 1 /2 =  2)

(c) *        What extra cost the farmer is going to incur

*        What revenue is foregone as at the proposal

*        What extra revenue is to be earned

*        What costs are saved as a result of the proposal                                       ( 4 x 1 /2 =  2)

 

Section C.

 

BEANS

32.(a) (i) Ecological requirements

*        Well drained loam soils

*        Beans require moist soils through out growing period

*        Moderate rainfall

*        No rain at harvesting time

*        Irrigation can be done                                                                                   (5 x 1 – 5)

(ii)Land Preparation

*        Clear land before onset of rains

*        Cultivate land to required tilth not so fine (medium tilth)

*        Seeds should be dried before planting – select seeds for planting

*        Plant at the onset of rains

*        Planting is done by placing 2 – 4 seeds per hole

*        Spacing (30 x 15)cm

*        Apply Diammoniun phosphate at rate of 200kg/ha before planting.                  ( 5×1=5)

(iii)    Field Management

*        Weeding done before flowering

*        Weeding done when soil is dry

*        Hand weeding is done

*        During dry months irrigate land

*        Use furrow irrrigation

*        Control of diseases such as Bacterial Halo/blight and Anthracose, planting                                                         resistant varieties.

*        Pest control by use of Benomyl Copper fungicide or mancazeb

*        Pests include bean aphid; bean bruchids; Spotted borer, American
bollworm, Beanfly, Golden ring moth                                                           ( 5×1=5)

(b)(i)  *        Too much Nitrogen

*        Too dry and too wet conditions

*        Calcium deficiency                                                                                          ( 3mks)

 

(ii)     Physiological diseases that occur when tomato plants are exposed to too dry and                                    too wet conditions, calcium deficiency                                                    ( 2mks)

33.(a) (i) Live fence e.g. (a) Hedges and growing trees (b) Electric fence

(ii)     Dead fence e.g.

*        Post and wire i.e. barbed wire, plain wire

*        Post woven wire rail fence

*        Wall fence e.g. stone break

*        Trench fence                                                                                                    ( 2mks)

(b)     *        Has more aesthetic value i.e natural

*        Act as a windbreak and controls soil erosion

*        It is easy and cheaper to establish

*        May be a source of fodder to livestock

*        It can be a source of firewood.                                                                          ( 3mks)

(c)     *        Replace any broken / rotten post

*        Any loose fence wire should be tightened appropriately

*        Trim the hedge and any gaps filled, the fencing posts should be treated first with                            preservatives such as old engine oil, creosate or charred.                                    ( 3mks)

(d)     *        Sex of the calve

*        Date of birth

*        Breed of the mother / dam

*        Weight

*        Breed of size                                                                                    ( any given 3mks)

(e)     *        Strength

*        Direction

*        Humidity    ( 3 x 1 = 3)

(f)      *        Cause wounds

*        Low quality

*        Cause irritation

*        Spread diseases

*        Reduce quality of product

*        Increase cost of production                                                                         ( 6 x 1 = 6)

  1. (a) *        It is drought resistant

*        Gives good yield in poor soils

*        Require less labour

*        Sheds its leaves during dry season thus reduce water evaporation

*        Has low nutrient requirement

*        Resistant to certain pests and diseases

*        Can be used as flour and boiled                                                                 ( 7 x 2 = 14)

(b)     Diseases of cassava

(i)      Cassava mosaic                                                                                                 (1mks)

Symptoms

         *        Leaves turn yellow

*        Reduced yield

*        Stunted growth

*        Distorted leaves                                                                                                (2mks)

(ii)     Brown streak                                                                                                    (1mks)

Symptoms

*        Old leaves develop yellow buds at veins

*        Brown patches on tubers                                                                                   (2mks)

(iii)    Bacterial blight                                                                                                 (1mks)

Symptoms

*        Leaves develop brown patches

*        Shoot tips turn brown

*                   Wilting of leaves that easily fall off            (2mks)

 

AGRICULTURE III

PART I

 

SECTION A:

 

  1. What is a forage crop? (1 mk)
  2. List four features of a fish pond. (4 mks)
  3. State two disadvantages of persistent use of pesticides in crop production. (2 mks)
  4. State two reasons for seasoning timber before use. (2 mks)
  5. State four disadvantages of natural mating as a method of breeding in dairy cattle. (4 mks)
  6. Why should smoke be used during harvesting of honey. (2 mks)
  7. State four functions of potassium in plant growth. (4 mks)
  8. State four routine management practices that should be carried out in sheep production

(4 mks)

  1. State four ways of improving productivity of farm labour. (4 mks)
  2. If you are told a newly released Kitale hybrid maize seed is H823. What does the 3 digits stand for? (1 ½ mks)
  3. (a) Why are insecticides made from pyrethrum recommendable than synthetic insecticides?

(b)  (i)Pyrethrum is propagated by which means?                                                     (1 mk)

(ii) What is cutting back in pyrethrum growing?                                                            (1 mk)

  1. How does a vaccine work in the body of an animal? (2 mks)
  2. State one characteristic of organic matter that enables it to perform each of the following roles in the soil.

(i) Improvement of soil structure.                                                                            (2 mks)

(ii) Improvement of water holding capacity.                                                             (2 mks)

  1. State the symptoms of attack by the sweet potato weevils. (2 mks)
  2. Name two tools that may be used to dock lambs. (2 mks)

 

SECTION B:

 

  1. Give four reasons why the feeding of colostrum is important in the rearing of piglets. (2 mks)
  2. Give two reasons why green manures are not commonly used by small scale farmers. (2 mks)
  3. When is opportunity cost said to be zero? (1 mk)
  4. State two reasons for proper record keeping. (2 mks)
  5. State four reasons why zero grazing is becoming increasingly popular in small scale farming
    in Kenya. (2 mks)
  6. Name four methods of land reclamation. (2 mks)
  7. State four components of cattle dip. (4 mks)
  8. State two functions of ventilation in an animal house. (2 mks)
  9. Mention four important crush practices in a dairy farm. (2 mks)
  10. (a) Differentiate between the following. (3 mks)             (i) Furrowing and farrowing.

(ii) Candling and kindling.

(iii) Undersowing and oversowing.

  1. Mention four problems associated with soil erosion. (2 mks)
  2. Name three sources of water in the farm. 2½ mks)
  3. (a) Give two factors that may lead to longer calving interval in a dairy cow. (2 mks)

(b) State three benefits of giving a pregnant dairy cow a special diet for 6 weeks

before calving.                                                                                                   (2½ mks)

(c)  List four signs of infertility in dairy cows.                                                         (2 mks)

  1. (a) List three problems that are faced by farmers who practice mono-culture. (3 mks)

(b)  What is meant by seed inoculation?                                                                  (1 mk)

  1. State the main reason why sharp corners should be avoided in a brooder for chicks. (1 mk)
  2. (a) Apart from reducing friction, what other functions does lubrication perform in farm

machinery? (List four).                                                                                                (2 mks)

(b)  Give four ways through which a farmer may improve production efficiency without necessarily incurring extra cost.                                                                         (2 mks)

 

SECTION C:

 

32.(a)i.  How is the nitrogen element lost from the soil?                                    (5 mks)

  1. Describe the method  by which nitrogen may be restored to the soil.      (8 mks)

(b) (i) Describe how high quality farm yard manure could be made and stored.   (5 mks)

(ii) Outline the factors which influence the quality of farmyard manure.      (2 mks)

  1. (a) List the factors that could make meat unfit for eating by man.              (4 mks)

(b)  Outline the procedure for clean milk production.                                               (10mks)

(c)  Why are goats suited to most parts of Kenya?                                        (6 mks)

  1. (a) What are the effects of endo-parasites in livestock? (5 mks)
  • With the aid of diagrams describe briefly the life cycle of liverfluke. (5 mks)
  • Describe foot and mouth disease under the following headings:

(i) Cause.                                                                                              (1 mk)

(ii) Symptoms.                                                                                      (2 mks)

(iii) Control measures.                                                                          (2 mks)

(d)  State five signs of a good layer among a flock of hens.                           (5 mks)

 

 

AGRICULTURE III

MARKING SCHEME

 

  1. Plant which either grows naturally or cultivated and used for feeding livestoc (1 mk)
  2. (i) Inlet                                         (iii)  Pool/tank
  • Spillway (iv)  Fence
  • Outlet (any 4×1 = 4 mks)
  1. – Pesticides kill beneficial insects.
  • Some pests build resistance to pesticides.
  • Pesticides have residual effects.
  1. – To avoid warping.
  • To reduce attack by pest/fungi.
  1. – There is no control in breeding.
  • Can cause spread of vaginitis disease.
  • Wastage of sperms.
  • Sperms can be used in remote areas. (4×1 = 4mks)
  1. To make bees less aggressive/less active. (2 mks)
  2. Mark any relevant answer correct.
  3. – The feet should be trimmed regularly.
  • Dipping should be regular, but should be stopped one month before lambing.
  • Sheep should be vaccinated regularly.
  • Sheep should be dewormed regularly. (4×1 = 4 mks)
  1. – Giving incentives.
  • Training labour.
  • Farm mechanization.
  • Labour supervision.         (any 4×1 = 4 mks)
  1. 8 = Altitude.

2 = Serial number.

3 = Number of crossing.                                                                              (1 ½ mks)

  1. (a) Easily broken down. (1 mk)

(b)  (i) Splits                                                                                               (1 mk)

(ii) Removal of old stems upto the level of foliage.                                 (1 mk)

  1. A vaccine induce temporary antibodies which initiate the formation of antigen in balance to await the anticipated antibodies of the diseases to attack. (2 mks)
  2. (i) Decomposing enhancing the breaking down of particles of soil thus the soil structure is

improved.                                                                                             (2 mks)

  • The organic matter decomposes to form the elements that are incorporated in soil, thus increasing capilarity adhesiveness of H2
  1. – Larvae

–     Tubers become discolored .                                                       (any two 2×1 = 2 mks)

  1. – Scalpel.

–     Docking knife.

 

SECTION B:

  1. – Impart immunity.
  • Contains necessary nutrients.
  • Faster growth.
  • Facilitate metabolism. (4 x ½ = 2 mks)
  1. – Crops are harvested when green matter has been withered.

–   It is expensive.                                                                          (2×1 = 2 mks)

  1. When there is no choice to be made. ( 1mk )

 

 

  1. – To follow good farm plant.

–   To assist in credit acquiring.                                                      (2×1 = 2 mks)

  1. – Mark any correct relevant answer.
  2. – Drainage.

–     Tse-tse fly control.

–     Reafforestation.

–     Afforestation.                                                                                       (4 x ½ = 2 mks)

22.(a)-  Collecting pen.

  • Dipping tank.
  • Drainage race.
  • Entrance race.
  • Waste pit/tank.
  • Water source/tank. (4×1 = 4 mks)

(b)  –     Remove mud from hooves/clean hooves.                                                           ( ½ mk)

  1. – Allows efficient air circulation in the house.
  • Prevents inside of the house from becoming humid.
  • Controls temperature in the house. (2×1 = 2 mks)
  1. – Milking.
  • Isolation
  • (4 x ½ = 2 mks)

25.(a)-  Cutting/making ditches/channels on farm.

–     Giving birth in pigs.                                                                              (1×1 = 1 mk)

(b)  –     Is observation of the inner part of the egg against strong light.

–     Is the giving birth in rabbits.                                                                 (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

(c)  –      Less seed rate applied/establishment of pasture under an already growing crop/nurse crop

–   More seeds rate applied/establishment of a pasture legume/grass on an existing grass

pasture.                                                                                                                                                         (1 x 1 = mk)

  1. – Fertility is reduced.
  • Useful micro-organisms are washed.
  • Dams are silted.
  • Plants roots exposed.
  • (Any 4 x ½ = 2 mks)
  1. – Dams/reservoirs.
  • Tanks
  • Rivers/sea
  • (Any 3 x ½ = 2 ½ mks)

28.(a)-  High milk production.

  • Irregular heat signs.
  • Poor nutrition.
  • Poor health.
  • Incorrect timing of service. (2×1 = 2 mks)

(b)  –     High quality colostrum.

  • Strong heavy and health calf is obtained.
  • Results in high milk yield. Gives cow enough energy for calving.
  • To a customs the animals to concentrates feed.
  • To stimulate development. (Any3 x ½ =2½ mks)

(c)  –     Absence of estrous.

  • Prolonged estrous.
  • Irregular heat intervals.
  • Conception failure after service.
  • Abnormal discharge from vulva. (Any 4x½ = 2 mks)

29.(a)-  Build up of pest or diseases.

  • Breakdown of soil structure.
  • Soil erosion may be a problem.
  • Loss of soil fertility. (3×1 = 3 mks)
  • Introducing a suitable strain of nitrogen fixing bacteria to legume seeds. (1 mk)

 

  1. To avoid suffocation due to overcrowding/kindling of chicks in corners. (1 mk)

 

31.(a)-  Cushions/prevents rubbing together of moving parts in machinery.

  • To prevent rusting.
  • Absorbs heat and traps pieces of metal, which comes from moving surfaces.
  • Improves work efficiency machines.
  • Reduces rate of rear and lear. (any 4x½ = 2 mks)

(b)-   Use of improved or modern farming methods.

  • Improved farm management.
  • Mechanization of farm operations.
  • Efficiency in use of labour.
  • Select enterprises that can bring highest return.
  • Organizing marketing activities to realize highest price. (any 4x½ = 2 mks)

32.(a)-  Denitrification.

  • Soil erosion.
  • Crop absorption. (any 5×1 = 5 mks)

(b)  –     Nirtogen fixation by root nodules bacteria and free living bacteria.

  • Application of inorganic manure e.g. guano manure.
  • Crop rotation/planting of legumes.

(c)(i)-   Plant material is placed on concrete floor indoors.

  • Animals defecate on it and mix it with urine and dung .
  • Cover the heap with soil or polythene sheet to prevent leaching.
  • Consolidate heap to prevent entry of water.
  • Allow it to dry completely before being used. (1×5 = 5 mks)

(ii)

  • Type of bedding used.
  • Age of animal.
  • Type of feed given to animal.
  • Type of animal from which dung is obtained. (4 x ½ @ = 2 mks)

33.(a)-  Animal infested by zoonotic diseases animal infested by par.

  • Animal found dead due to unknown cause.
  • Uninspected meat by environmental health authorities.
  • Contamination e.g. feaces, flies.

(b)  –     Ensure that the cows are clean and healthy.

  • Milking equipment this should be seamless to make them easy to clean – they should be cleaned thoroughly after each milking.
  • Milking parlour/shed.
  • Situated in dust free environment.
  • The floor should be made of concrete to facilitate cleaning.
  • Cleaned thoroughly after milking.
  • Milking jelly to avoid cracking.

 

 

(iv)  –     Milker – should be healthy i.e. free from zoonoses.

–     Should be clean always.

  • Should have white coat to help in detecting dirt.
  • Should have short finger nails.
  • Wash his hand well with soap before milking.

(v)  –     Best for mastitis before milking. Using a strip cup, animals having mastitis should be milked last to avoid spread of diseases.

(vi) –     Milk storage and handling.

  • Cool milk soon after milking and store it.
  • A cool place to reduce bacterial growth and multiplication.
  • Filter and cover milk to.
  • Remove and keep away dirt resepctively.(1mk each points x 5 = 5mks

1mk for explanation x 5 =5mks)            =10 mks)

(c)  –     Goats are tolerant.

  • Goats are drought resistant.
  • They eat variety of vegetation.
  • They are tolerant to heat and high temperature. (Any 3 points x 2mks = 6 mks)
  1. (a) – Damage to animal organs.
  • Obstruction in the alimentary canal.
  • Parasites eat food intended for use by livestock.
  • Suck blood.
  • Cause irritation. (Any 5×1 = 5 mks)

 

(b)

Developing

Embryos

 

 

Egg in feaces                                              larval

Forms

In snail

 

 

 

Animal eats                                                cyst

Encycited

Cercarian

Drawing 2 ½ mks

                                                                  Description 2 ½ mks

(c) Foot and mouth:

Causes – virus type A, C and D.             (1 mk)

 

Symptoms:

  • Blisters/wounds appear on the mouth and feet.
  • Tongue ,lips, and gums are inflamed.
  • Lesions appear between the skin and hoof.
  • Profuse salivation.
  • Animal weak and thin.
  • Drops in milk production. (Any 2×1 = 2 mks)

      Control:

  • Kill animal affected.
  • Nurse animals with wound by use of antibiotics. (Any 2×1 = 2 mks)

 

 

 

(d)  –    Signs of good  layers:

  • Combs and wattles are large, warm and waxy and red.
  • Bright orange and alert eyes.
  • Pale beak.
  • The rent is oval, moist, reddish in colour and active.
  • Abdomen is soft, pliable and wide.
  • The space between keel and pelvic bone is wide and can fit 3-4 fingers.
  • Alert and active.
  • Dry and rugged feathers.
  • Moulting starts late.
  • Shanks are pale.
  • Brooding is rare. (Any 5×1 = 5 mks)

 

AGRICULTURE IV

 

SECTION A.

 

  1. State four factors that should be considered when selecting materials for constructing a dairy shed. (2mks)
  2. Give two reasons for raising Kale seedlings in the nursery before translocating (2mks)
  3. State two conditions that may lead to sub-division of agricultural land (1mk)
  4. State four reasons why piglets should be weighed immediately after farrowing and weaning

(2mks)

  1. List four characteristics of clay soil (2mks)
  2. Give two reasons why sorghum should be harvested, for making silage just before flowering stage (2mks)
  3. (a) What is the duration of oestrus cycle in a cow. (1mk)
    (b) If  a dairy cow is noticed to be showing first signs of heat at 6.00am. What time should it

be inseminated                                                                                                               (1mk)

  1. State three advantages of chilting in Irish potato seeds (3mks)
  2. State four tests a farmer would carry out in determining the quality of a fresh egg. (2mks)
  3. Differentiate between Dams and well as used in water supply (2mks)
  4. State any two characteristics symptoms of viral diseases in plants (1mk)
  5. State four stages of curing hides (2mks)
  6. Give two factors that influence the time of first defoliation in newly established pastures

(2mks)

  1. Outline two effects of adding organic matter to sandy soil
  2. State four characteristics of horizon ‘A’ of a typical soil profile                   (4mks
  3. Why should a farmer plant grass around a fish pond. (2mks)
  4. Give three causes of post- harvest losses of maize to the farm. (3mks)
  5. Give two characteristics of the head of a corriedale sheep breed. (2mks)
  6. Mention four pests that may cause reduction in honey yield from top bar hive. (2mks)
  7. Give three danger signs indicating breeding problems in a Friesian cow.

SECTION B

  1. Give four factors that determine the pyrethrin content in pyrethrum (4mks)
  2. Why do cereal crops dominate arable land. (3mks)
  3. (a) List four essential components of zero grazing unit. (2mks)
    (b) State four reasons for practising zero grazing system.                                                 (2mks
    (c) Give two reasons for the two month dry period, the cow, requires before parturation.(2mks)
  4. State three ways of increasing efficiency in farming.                                                       (3mks)
  5. (a) State two reasons for maintaining livestock in good health.                             (2mks)
    (b) Name two noticeable diseases of cattle.                                                                      (2mks)
    (c) State four measures that should be taken to prevent an out break of Newcastle disease in

poultry                                                                                                                         (2mks)

  1. (a) Differentiate between market and marketing. (2mks)
    (b) What is an imperfect market.                                                                                        (1mk)
    (c) How will the price of mangoes in the short run, be affected if the quantity of mangoes supplied in a market is increased?                                                                                     (1mk)
  2. State any three advantages of vegetative propagation. (3mks)
  3. State three factors which would be considered when siting a compost pit. (3mks)
  4. State four factors that should be considered when planning a lay out of mixed farm. (2mks)
  5. (a) Name any three roofing materials commonly used. (3mks)
    (b) Give three disadvantages of using wood fuel as a source of power.
  6. (c) Name three examples of one point hitch implements drawn by the tractors. (3mks)

SECTION C

  1. (i) Describe cattle Trypanosomiasis under the following sub headings.
  2. (a) Cause and Transmission. (1mk)
    (b) Symptoms.                                                                                                                     (5mks)
    (c) Control                                                                                                                           (3mks)
    (ii) What are  the causes of infertility in cows.                                                                   (4mks)
    (iii) Describe the management of rabbits between mating and weaning.                           (3mks)
  3. Describe the management practices that should be carried on a low yielding herd of dairy cattle to make it more productive.                                                                                     (2mks)
  4. (a) What causes losses of maize during storage. (4mks)
    (b) What practices should be carried out to minimise losses of maize during storage?     (6mks)
    (c) What are the functions of the National Cereals and Produce board in the marketing of

maize?                                                                                                                         (10mks)

AGRICULTURE IV

MARKING SCHEME.

 

  1. – The cost
    – Durability
    – Workability
    – Easy to clean
    – Availability
    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

 

  1. To increase rate of germination
    – To nurse the seedlings before transplanting so that they have good establishment
    (2 x ½ = 1mk)

 

  1. – Selling of land
    – Population increase/Pressure on land
    (2 x ½ = 1mk)

 

  1. – To determine the food to be eaten
    – Check whether the piglets are healthy
    – To keep proper records
    – To have proper management
    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

 

 

  1. – Poorly drained
    – Poorly aerated
    – Fine texture
    – Has higher amount of nutrients
    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

 

  1. – High nutrient value
    – Succulent hence palatable
    – Higher decomposition
    (2 x 1 = 2mks)

 

  1. (a) 19hrs (1mk)
    (b) 6.00 am + 10 hrs = 4.00 pm (1mk)

 

  1. – Easy establishment
    – Early maturity
    – Easy germination

 

  1. – Candling
    – Water method
    – Opening the egg
    – Observation
    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

 

  1. A dam is a wall build across a river to prevent flow of water to form a lake. While a well is a wall/stamped across water. (2mks)

 

  1. – Swelling
    – Mottling of leaves
    – Chlorosis of leaves

 

  1. – Washing
    – Fleshing
    – Salting/Drying
    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

 

  1. – The rate of growth of forage
    – The type of animal to be fed
    (2 x 1 = 2mks)

 

  1. – Moisture content of Soil
    – Tilth of soil
    (2 x 1 = 2mks)

 

  1. – Tap roots are formed here
    – Little humus
    – Slightly compact/Yellowish
    – Active micro – organisms
    (4 x 1 = 4mks)

 

  1. – To prevent soil erosion/forming the soil
    – Attract insects to the pond for fish to feed on.
    (2 x 1 = 2mks)

 

 

  1. – Improper or incomplete drying of grains
    – Wet heating (Placing in sacks with the maize on the floor)
    – Drainage by pests e.g rodents/weavils
    (3 x 1 = 3mks)

 

  1. – Harmless
    – Well wooled but free from wool blindness
    (2 x 1 = 2mks)

 

  1. – Ants – birds
    – Wax – moth – Bee louse
    – Hive beetle – Death head hank moth
    – Pirate wasps
    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

 

  1. – Lack of heat
    – Abnormal discharge from the reproduction track
    – Irregular heat intervals
    – Abortion
    – Prolonged heat period
    (3 x 1 = 3mks)

 

  1. – Part of the plant
    – Stage of flower development
    – Genetic constitution
    – Age of the plant
    – Handling/Care during picking drying and dispatch
    (4 x 1 = 4mks)

 

  1. – They are the most important source of carbohydrate
    – Harvesting of cereals is easier
    – Storage and transportation are easier
    – Cereals are widely adapted to various ecological zones
    (3 x 1 = 3mks)

 

  1. (a) – Sleeping cubicles
    – Milking place
    –  Feeding and watering troughs
    –  Calf pens
    –  Loafing/exercise area
    –  Store

 

– High milk production is obtained
– Allows higher stocking rate
– Animals make maximum use of fodder without wastage
– Rapid accumulation of manure
– Minimises outbreak of diseases
– Avoids overgrazing
(4 x ½ = 2mks)

(c)
– To obtain a strong, heavy and healthy calf at birth
– To increase milk production in the next lactation
– To allow accumulation of body reserves used in the formation of colostrum

  1. – Select proper/more paying enterprise
    – Proper crop husbandry practices
    – Proper livestock husbandry
    – Mechanisation
    – Adopt new techniques
    – Timeliness of farm operations
    (3 x 1 = 3mks)

 

  1. (a)
    – Increase quantity of livestock product
    – To increase quality of livestock product
    – To increase profit level
    – To prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases
    – To increase productive life of livestock
    (2 x 1 = 2mks)


(b)
(i) Foot and Mouth disease
(ii) Anthrax
(iii) Rinder pest
(iv) Lampiy sick disease
(v) Rabies
(2 x 1 = 2mks)

(c)
– Vaccinate birds at regular interval
– Isolate affected birds/destroy affected birds
– Disinfect the house before bringing in new stock
– Impose quaratine in the farm
– Ensure proper farm hygiene
(4 x ½ mks = 2mks)

 

  1. (a) – Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to buy and sell goods and services,

where as marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods

and services from producers to consumers                                                       (2mks)
(b) An imperfect market is a situation in which some buyers, some sellers or both have limited

knowledge of goods and services offered for sale at various forces/few buyers and sellers

/different, goods in to the market.

(c) The Price of mangoes go down.        (1mk)

 

  1. – Easy establishment of plant
    – Maintains the present genetics
    – Seedless plants can be propagated
    (3 x 1= 3mks)

 

  1. – Proximity to the farm/Crop field
    – Accessibility
    – Topography/Soil drainage
    – Soil type
    (3 x 1 = 3mks)

 

  1. – Size of the land
    – Topography of the land
    – Direction of the wind
    – Soil fertility
    – Capital availability
    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

 

  1. (a)
    – Corrugated iron sheets
    – Tiles
    – Asbestors
    – Alluminum sheets
    – Thatch/Palm leaves
    – Timber/Wood shingles
    (3 x 1 = 3mks)

    (b)
    – Leads to environmental destruction
    – Air pollution
    – Exhaustible
    – Limited uses
    – Cannot be regulated/uneconomical
    (3 x 1 = 3mks)

 

  • – Trailers
    – Heavy harrow
    – Planters (3 x 1 = 3mks)

 

  1. (a) Caused organism protozoa (1mk)
    (b) Symptoms
    –   High temperature or fever
    –  Dullness
    –  Animal looses appetite
    –   Body becomes very weak
    –   Lachrimation
    –   Diarrhoea
    –   Milk production decreases
    –   Loss of hair at Tail end
    –   Animal has anaemia
    –   Abortion may occur in pregnant females

 

  • Control
    – Treat the animal with typanoccidal drug
    – Control tsetse flies by bush clearing spraying
    – Confinement of game animals in game parks

(ii) –  Causes  infertility in cows
–  Damaged uterus caused by abortion
– Infection such as viginitis, brucel lossis;
–  Retained placenta
– Blocked fallopian tube as a result of infection
– Lack of essential nutrients like vitamin E
– Frematin: a heifer born twin with a bull is 90% infertile

 

Mating
–  Young females should be mated when they are 6 – 7 months old
–  Old females should be mated after kindling
–  Take the doe to the bucks  hutch for mating
–  Have one back to give does

Preparation for Kindling
   –  Gestation period 31 days (one month)
–  Clean and put in  a nest box  nestling materials four days to kindling
–   Place the box in the darkest corner of the hutch since the doe likes kindling where it is

dark

 

Rearing the Kindles
–  Regularly check the nest to remove sick, weak and dead babies
–  Check daily to ensure that all the babies feed well
–  Feed kindles on mothers milk for the 2 ½ – 3 weeks
–  They allowed to stay with mother until 8th week when they are weaned
(8 x 1 = 8mks)

 

  1. – Proper selection of the herd
    – Proper disease control
    – Proper pest control
    – Proper housing
    – Proper feeding
    – Spraying animals against external parasites
    – Proper recording of management activities
    – Cross breeding up grading the herd
    – Proper serring the dam
    – Proper use of good sire
    – Deworming against internal parasites
    (stating 10 x 1 = 10mks, Explanation 10 x 1 = 10mks)

 

  1. (a)
    – Poor drying
    – Damage by pests
    – Poor processing
    – Wet heating
    (4 x 1 = 4mks)

 

  1. – Drying
    – Control
    – Proper processing
    – Dusting
    – Storage in ventilated stores
    – Store away from wet conditions
    (6 x 1 = 6mks)

 

  1. (i) Buy maize when harvest is high
    (ii) Store maize
    (iii)  Sell maize when there is shortage
    (iv)  Import maize
    (v)  Export maize
    (vi)  Dispose maize
    (vii)  Advice the Minister on the proper production of maize
    (ix)  Control prices of maize in the market
    (10 x 1 = 10mks)

 

 

 

AGRICULTURE V

SECTION A.

 

  1. List four advantages of individual owner tenure system (2mks)
  2. State two ways to show how check dams reduce soils erosion (1mks)
  3. Identify four factors that contribute to competitive ability of weeds (1mk)
  4. Mention four ways of classifying herbicides (2mks)
  5. List two ways of controlling smut disease in the field. (1mk)

(a) Name any two pests that attack bean pods in the field                                           (1mk)
(b) Give four examples of French beans/Green beans                                                  (2mks)

  1. What four factors should a farmer consider for effective control of pests in the field (2mks)
  2. List four ways of increasing carrying capacity of pastures (2mks)

(a) Name any four livestock attacked by trypanosomiasis disease                                 (2mks)
(b) What organism causes Gall sickness disease in livestock                                        (1mk)

  1. State four signs of heat in a heifer (2mks)
  2. List four factors that determine the number of times a seed bed is harrowed (2mks)
  3. Name four systems of irrigation (2mks)
  4. Name any two examples of dual purpose breeds of cattle (1mk)
  5. State any two factors that influence the rate of leaching in soils (1mk)
  6. Give any four information contained in a feeding record in pig production (2mks)
  7. State four ways of modifying temperature in crop production (2mks)
  8. Name four methods of vegetative progagation (2mks)
  9. Give two reasons why ewes disown their lambs soon after lambing (1mk)
  10. What four factors determine the type of fence to construct in the farm (2mk)
  11. List any two deficiency symptoms of nitrogen in crops (1mk)
  12. List any four examples of marking tools in a workshop   (2mks)

(a) Name the system of breeding where low grade female is mated to pure bred sire    (1mk)
(b) Give two classes of concentrate feedstuffs                                                                          (1mk)

SECTION B

  1. (a) State four signs of attack by Rinderpest disease (2mks)
    (b) List three disease predisposing factors in livestock                                               (3mks)
    (c) (i) State four disadvantages of animal drawn implements                                     (2mks)
    (ii) List two advantages of artificial incubation of eggs                                         (1mk)
  2. (a) Define the term pest in agriculture (1mk)
    (b) State four physical measures of controlling pests in the field                               (4mks)
    (c) (i) Name two common viral diseases in cassava                                                   (2mks)
    (ii) List two physiological disorders in crops                                                             (1mk)
  3. (a) Give three uses of cement in the construction of farm structures (3mks)
    (b) What four factors should be considered when siting a nursery bed                      (2mks)
    (c) (i) Mention two farm structures used for water storage in the farm                     (1mk)
    (ii) List four disadvantages of a cattle dip                                                           (2mks)
  4. (a) State one function of each one of the following parts of an ox-plough
    (i)  Main beam
    (ii) Frog
    (iii) Share
    (iv) Hake                                                                                                                (2mks)
    (b) Identify three maintenance practices done on the ox-plough                               (3mks)
    (c) List three operational differences between a mould board plough and a disc plough                                                                                                                                      (3mks)

27.(a) State three important characteristics of Hereford breed that makes it particularly suitable

for beef production                                                                                              (3mks)

 

(b) What three major character expressions would you look for in the performance records of a

dairy cow for breeding                                                                                          (3mks)
(c) Give the period of sexual maturity in months in each of the following livestock      (2mks)
(i) Sow
(ii) Ewe

28.(a) Explain ways of improving the quality and quantity of crop yields.                      (13mks)
(b) Explain the effect of soil PH on crop production                                                 (7mks)

  1. Describe production of maize for dry grains under the following sub-heading (20mks)
    (i) Land preparation
    (ii) Planting
    (iii) Field operations                                                                                               (5mks)
    (iv) Harvesting                                                                                                      (3mks)
  2. (a) Describe fowl pox disease under following sub-headings
    (i) Animals attacked                                                                                              (1mk)
    (ii) Causal organism                                                                                               (1mk)
    (iii) Symptoms of attack by diphtheritic and cutaneous types of fowl pox                 (8mks)
    (iv) Control measures                                                                                            (2mks)
    (b) Explain factors that influence vices in poultry                                                   (10mks)

 

AGRICULTURE  V

MARKING SCHEME

 

  1. – Title deed used to secure loan credit
    – Independent production plan
    – Accessibility to agricultural advice
    – Earn income by leasing/renting land
    – High production of quality produce
    – Proper supervision of land                                                                        (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  2. – Trap sediments/soil
    – Slow down the speed of run off
    – Reduce volume of run off (2 x ½ = 1mk)
  3. – Produce large quantities of seeds
    – Seeds have a long viability
    – Propagate vegetatively
    – Extensive root system
    – Hardy/survive adverse weather and soil condition
    – Have a short life cycle
    – Gross feeders/heavy feeders (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  4. – Mode of action
    – Time of application
    – Selectivity
    – Formation/physical form of herbicide (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  5. – Rogueing/uproot and burn infected crop (reject rogueing alone)
    – Crop rotation
    – Plant resistant varieties of maize
    – Plant certified seeds
    – Avoid application of infected organic manure (2 x ½ = 1mk)

6.a. – American bollworm (reject bollworm alone)
– Flower thrips                                                                                             ( 2x ½ = 1mk)
(b) – Primeur
– Long tom
– Saxa
– Master Piece
– Monel                                                                                                 (4 x ½ = 2mks)

  1. – Nature of crop damage caused
    – Biology of pest/reproduction of pest/feeding habits
    – Weather conditions favouring pest attack
    – Whether pest has natural enemies
    – Population level of pest (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  2. – Irrigation
    – Application of manures / fertilisers
    – weed control
    – Control of pests
    – defoliation at right growth stage (4 x ½ = 2mks)

9.(a) – Cattle (reject cow or bull alone)
– Sheep
– Goats
– Pigs                                                                                                      (4 x ½ = 2mks)

(b)   –  Protozoa – Anaplasma marginale                                                           (1mk)

  1. – Reddening and swelling of vulva
    – Heifer stands still to be mounted by others and also mounts other cows
    – Clear slimy mucus discharge comes out of vulva and sticks on the tail
    – rise in body temperature/above 39oC
    – Heifer is restless and loses appetite
    – constant bellowing/mooing
    (reject slight drop in milk production) (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  2. – Type of crop to be planted/size f planting material
    – Initial condition of land
    – Time available before sowing
    – Topography of land (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  3. – Surface/flood/furrow/basin irrigation
    – Overhead/Sprinkler
    – Drip/Trickle irrigation
    – Sub- surface (4 x ½ =  2mks)
  4. – Sahiwal
    – Red poll
    – Simmental (2 x ½ = 1mk)
  5. – Soil type
    – Vegetation cover
    – Rainfall amount and intensity
    – Topography of land/slope of land (2 x ½ = 1mk)
  6. – Date
    – Number of pigs

–  Amount of feed received
–  Amount of feed used
–   Type of feed
–   Balance in stock
–   Remarks

  1. – Mulching
  • Shading crops
  • Irrigation / watering
  • Pruning (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  1. – Grafting
    – Budding/bud-grafing
    – Layering
    – Use of storage organs
    – Use of stem cuttings                                                                               (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  2. – Painful udder
    – Poor maternal instinct
    – Too weak lambs
    – Low milk production (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  3. – Local availability of materials
    – skills available
    – Purpose of the fence- climate of the area
    – Topography of land
    – Capital available/cost of the fence
    – Preference of the farmer (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  4. – Leaf chlorosis/yellowing of leaves
    – Stunted growth
    – Brown leaves and premature leaf fall
    – Retarded flowering and fruiting
    – Retarded flowering and fruiting (2 x ½ = 1mk)
  5. – Scriber
    – Knives
    – Divider
    – Pencils
    – Marking gauge/mortise gauge
    – Punches/centre punch/dot punch/nail punch (4 x ½ = 2mks)
  6. a. – Grading up/ upgrading                                                                      (1mk)
    (b) – Energy/carbohydrate concentrate
    – Protein concentrate

23.(a) – High body temperature/high fever
–   Starring coat
–   Discharges in the mouth and nose
–   Watery eyes
–   Diarrhoea and dysentery
–   Red mucus membrane of the mouth, nose
–   Emaciation
–   Grinding of teeth
–   Death in 2 – 10 days in acute cases but may live for 3 or more weeks in less acute cases
(4 x ½ = 2mks)

(b) – Age of animal
– Sex of the animal
– Colour of the animal
– Body conformation
– Change of climate
– Environment
– Size of the herd/flock
– Body conditions/fatigue/weakness
– Animal movements

(c) (i) – More tedious to the operator
– Requires more than one person
– Slower/work output less
– Animal tires quickly
– Attack by diseases makes it difficult to use the animals
– A piece of land has to be set aside to grow fodder crop or develop pasture for animals         (4 x ½ = 2mks)

(ii) – Many chicks can be hatched at ones time
– It is possible to plan when to hatch chicks                                               (2 x ½ =1mk)

  1. (a) Organisms that causes damage to plants either directly or indirectly by introducing

organisms which cause disease.                                                             (1mk)

(b) – Use of lethal temperature
– Drying
– Irrigation/flooding the field
– Suffocation
– Physical destruction
– Use of physical  barriers
– Use of electro magnetic radiation                                                            (4 x1 = 4mks)

(c)(i)– Cassava mosiac
–Brown streak                                                                                           (2 x 1 = 2mks)

(ii) – Hot and cold disease in coffee
– Leaf wrinkle
– Elgon dieback in coffee
– Blossom end-rot in tomatoes
– Thick necked condition in onions                                                            (2 x ½ = 1mk)

25.(a) – Making mortar
–  Making concrete
–  Making concrete blocks
–  Making anil                                                                                           (3 x 1 = 3mk)

(b) –   Nearness to water source
–  Slope of the land/levelness of the area
–  Drainage of soil
–  Nearness to mainfield
–  Freedom from pests and diseases/weeds
–  Shelter from winds                                                                                (4 x ½ = 2mks)

(c)(i) – Ponds
– Dams/weirs
– Storage tanks                                                                                          (2 x ½ = 1mk)

(ii)  – Expensive/high initial cost
– High labour demand/easy transmission of diseases
– Difficult to maintain the strength/ concentration of dipwash                    (4 x ½ = 2mks)

26.(a)(i) For attachment of all parts of the plough
(ii) For attachment of the mouldboard, share and landslide
(iii) Cuts the furrow slice horizontally
(iv) For attaching depth rod that can be adjusted before and also during ploughing
(4 x ½ = 2mks)

(b) – Lubricate land wheel bearing
– Repair/replace wornout shares
– Tighten loose bolts and nuts
– For long storage with old engine oil to prevent rusting
– Store properly under a shed (reject shade)   ( 3 x 1= 3mks)

(c) Mouldboard plough                                      Disc plough
(i) Not used in a field with obstacles/            (i) Used in a field with obstacles /rolls over
cannot ride over stones, roots                         roots, stones
(ii) Inverts furrow slice completely/leaves      (ii) Does not invert furrow slice completely/

a clean field                                                  leaves a rough field
(iii) Operates at uniform depth/share             (iii) Cuts at varying depths as it rides over

             furrows same depth once set                             obstacles
(iv) Rigid, easily broken by obstacles             (iv) Not easily broken by obstacles as it rides

                                                                                        over them
(v) Requires more tractors power to pull        (v) Requires less tractor power to pull it when
when operating                                                operating
( 3 x 1 = 3mks)

27.(a) Hereford
–   Fairly large body/weighs 80 – 1000 kg
–  Good depth and width/compact body
–  Fast growth and reach market weight early
–  Efficient food converter into flesh                                                          (3 x 1=3mks)

(b) –  Character expressions
– Ability to milk/easy milk let-down
–  Quantity of milk produced
–  Butterfat content /quality of milk
–  Number of calves born by the cow
–  Ability to resist diseases
–  Weight gain/growth rate of calf born by the cow                                     (3 x 1 = 3mks)

(c)  (i) Sow – 4 – 6months
(ii) Ewe – 8 – 12 months                                                                           ( 2 x 1 = 2mks)

28.a – Plant appropriate feeds depending on ecology
– Planting healthy seeds/materials/certified seeds
– Early planting
– Proper seed bed preparation/correct tilth
– Weed control
– Disease control
– Pests control
– Soil and water conservation/terracing
– plant at correct spacing
– Proper seed rate
– Application of inorganic fertilisers
– Irrigation watering
– Gapping
– Thinning
– Crop rotation
– Timely harvesting                                      ( 13 x 1 = 13mks)
(Award a full mark for a well explained point)

(b) – Influences availability of soil nutrients
–Influences activity of soil micro-organisms/nitrifying and nitrogen fixing bacteria
– Influences balance of different micro-organisms by influencing their competitive ability
– Influence presence of disease organisms/fungus and bacteria
– Influence soil borne pests e.g nematodes in acidic soils
– Influences the type of fertiliser to be applied whether acidic or alkaline
– Influences concentration of iron and Aluminium to injurious or toxic levels to crops
( 7 x 1 = 7mks)

  1. (i). Land Preparation
    – Prepare the land early during the dry season to allow stubble to rot
    – Clear the vegetation to ease tillage
    – Plough/dig deep to uproot all weeds
    – Break soil clods/harrow the field to medium tilth
    – Dig terraces if the land is slopy/carry out soil and water conservation measures
    (4 x 1= 4mks)
    (ii) Planting
        
    – Do dry planting in areas with short rainy seasons
    – Use certified maize seeds suitable to ecological conditions
    – Dig holes 2.5 cm to 10cm deep depending on soil moisture
    – Space holes 23 – 30 cm x 75 – 90 cm depending on variety of maize and soil fertility/soil

moisture
–  Apply 1 tablespoonful/DSP fertiliser per hole/100 – 150 kg DSP per hectare
–  Mix the fertiliser with the soil to prevent seed scorching
–  Apply well decomposed organic manure
–  Place 1 or 2 seeds per hole and cover with the soil                                     ( 8 x 1= 8mks)

(iii) Field operation
– Thinning soon after germination when soil is moist
– Gapping/replanting soonest for uniform growth
– Uproot with a jembe/panga or use chemical herbicides eg, MCPA, 2, 4- D
– Control diseases using appropriate chemicals/uproot and burn infected crop
– Control pests using appropriate pesticides e.g maize stalk borer use dipterex/uproot and burn

infected crop
– Irrigate during dry weather                                                                       (5 x 1 = 5mk)

 

(iv) Harvesting
– Start 4 – 5 months after sowing depending in variety and altitude
– Done during dry weather
– Harvest when leaves and cobs dry
– Cut the stalks, remove the cobs or open the ear, break the cobs and then cut the stalks
– Put in the sun to dry, snell, winnow, dry the grains to include 12 – 13%, treat with actelic

dust before storage                                                                                (3 x 1 = 3mks)

30.(a) Fowl pox disease

(i) – Chicken
– Turkeys
– Pigeons
– Other birds
(Poultry alone is correct)                                                                              (1 x 1= 1mks)

(ii) – Virus                                                                                                       ( 1 x 1 = 1mk)

(iii) – Symptoms of attack
Dipheritheritic type
– Yellowish, raised lesions inside throat and mouth mucus membrane
– Difficulty in breathing & swallowing
– Watery discharges from the eyes and nose at early stages
– Loss of appetite
– Dullness
– Emaciation and death may occur                                                                (5 x 1 = 5mks)

(iv) Cutaneous type
– Injuries/lessions on combs, wattles/lessions at first are small and greyish white and later
turn yellowish brown and bigger in size
– Lessions on the, vent, feet and under the wings
– Loss of appetite, emaciation and death                                                        (3 x 1 = 3mks)

(iv) Remove affected birds and kill
– Vaccinate healthy birds                                                                              ( 2 x 1= 2mk)

(b) – Presence of broken/soft shelled eggs
– Bright lights in the nests
– Idleness
– Inadequate nest/birds lay on floor
– Incorrect feeding/lack of minerals/unbalanced feeding
– Overcrowding of birds
– presence of external parasites on combs wattles e.g. fleas
– Prolapse cloaca does not retract after the hen has laid
– Introduction of new birds in a flock causing fighting
– Keeping birds of different ages together/no age grouping
– Bright light in the brooder                         ( 10 x 1 = 10mks)

AGRICULTURE VI

SECTION A :

 

  1. State four practices which destroy soil structure. (2mks)
  2. Give the function of a creep area in a pigsty.                                                          (2mks)
  3. a) State one use of each of the following farm tools:
  4. i) a mason trowel.                                                                                                   (1mk)
  5. ii) a pair of tin snips.                                                                                               (1mk)
  6. b)   Which tool would be required for each of the following operations?
  7. i)    Cutting wool from sheep.                                                                            (1mk)
  8. ii)   Castrating piglets.                                                                                       (1mk)
  9. Give four precautions you would take when harvesting to ensure that cotton picked is of high

quality                                                                                                                   (2mks)

  1. List four factors that influence herbicidal selectivity and effectiveness in weed control.                                                                                                                                     (2mks)
  2. a) Give four advantages of a tractor in farm mechanisation.                                         (2mks)
  3. b)   Outline two limitations of tractor power.                                                                 (2mks)
  4. Give the name of symbiotic bacteria which fixes nitrogen in the root nodules of leguminous

plants                                                                                                                          (1mk)

  1. Give two reasons why a rabbit may disown its young ones. (2mks)
  2. a) State four types of risks and uncertainities.                                                        (3mks)
  3. b)   Outline how the government helps farmers to overcome risk and uncertainities. (3mks)
  4. a) In which ionic form is the element sulphur absorbed by plants. (1mk)
  5. b) i) State any three deficiency symptoms of nitrogen in crops. (3mks)
  6. ii) State two sources of Nitrogen in the soil for plants. (2mks)
  7. a) Define the following terms:
  8. i) Forage crop.      (1mk)                           ii) An Apiary.   (1mk)
  9. b) How do you ensure proper forage utilization in livestock production .                 (2mks)
  10. a) What is leaching. (1mk)
  11. b)   Name two factors which increases the rate of leaching.
  12. a) State one important role of the hormone testerone in male livestock. ( ½ mk)
  13. b) State three important objectives of steaming up in livestock .                    (1 ½ mks)

 

SECTION  B.

 

  1. State four factors that determine siting of a farm structure. (2mks)
  2. State any four uses of crush in a farm. (2mks)
  3. a) Mr. Akugo wishes to fence a straight fence 4.40 m long bourdering the school farm. Find out how many cedar posts he will require if the distance from one post to another is 2m (2mks)
  4. b) Mr. Akugo Applied 150kg N.P.K 25:20:15 to his one hectare of tobacco in Osogo area.         Calculate how many kg of each of the fertilizer element he applied.                         (3mks)
  5. a) State two disadvantages of serving Fresian heifers when they are less than 18 months old

(2mks)

  1. b) List three factors that make it possible for a camel to survive in arid and semi-arid areas.

(3mks)

  1. a) What factors contribute to the success of a co-operative society. (3mks)
  2. b) State four main functions of marketing boards.                                                  (2mks)
  3. c) Name two channels through which marketing boards buy produce from farmers.      (2mks)
  4. Distinguish between passive and active acquired immunity in livestock health. (2mks)
  5. Give one characteristic symptoms of attack by nematodes on roots of tomatoes. (1mk)
  6. a) State three ways of increasing efficiency in farming. (3mks)
  7. b)   List four factors which effect the profitability of egg production enterprise.        (4mks)
  8. a) Give two methods that can be used to improve local breeds of livestock.       (2mks)
  9. b)   State four merits of using AI in livestock breeding .                                           (4mks)
  10. State six reasons why farmers are adviced to practice mixed farming. (3mks)

 

SECTION  C.

 

24.a) Describe the management practices involved in rearing of a day-old chicks upto the age of 8

weeks                                                                                                                  (16mks)

  1. b) Explain the management practices livestock farmers should adopt to reduce the problem of feed shortage during drought. (4mks)
  2. The transaction below shows Mrs.Odhiambo’s financial position in farm business for the year 1997. Use this information to answer the question that follow:

–     Milk sales                             –   sh 8,000.00

–     Purchase of farm tools                 –   sh 1,000.00

–     Sales of goats                               –   sh    500.00

–     Constraction of zero grazing unit- sh 10,000.00

–     Closing valuation                         – sh 16,000.00

–     Depreciation of machinery          –  sh      800.00

–     Interest payable                            –  sh     750.00

–     Purchase of pesticides                  –   sh    300.00

–     Veterinary bills                             –  sh     400.00

–     Sales of cabbage                           –  sh     750.00

–     Wages                                           –  sh   4800.00

–     Sales of one heifer                        –  sh   9400.00

–     Opening valuation                        – s h12,000.00

–     Tea sales                                       –  sh  4,700.00

  1. i) Prepare the profit and loss account of Mrs.Odhiambo’s farm.       (15mks)
  2. ii) What percentage profit or loss did Mrs. Odhiambo make during the year 1997.     (5mks)

26  a)   State the principles involved in planning a crop rotation programme.                 (6mks)

  1. b)   Describe field management praticises involved in coffee production.                  (24mks)

 

AGRICULTURE VI

MARKING SCHEME

 

  1. – Over cultivation

–   Burning of land

–  Monocropping / monoculture / failure to practice crop rotation

–   Wriking soil when it is wet

–  Repeating use of heavy machinery for cultivation

  1. – Where special feed is provided to piglets (creep feed).

– Heat / warmth is provided to piglets to prevent chilling.

–  Prevent mother pig from crashing the piglets.

–  Ultraviolet rays from bulb assist in synthesis of vitamin D under the skin.

3.a)i) For applying mortar / concrete on walls / floors.    ii) For cutting metals.

b)i) Pair of shears.      ii) A scapel.

  1. – Picking should be done every week to ensure no foreign materials.

– Avoiding picking when it is wet.

–  Picking is done manually.

  1. – Active ingredient.

–  The type of herbicide.

–  Time of application.

6.a)- Quick rate of work

– Better burial of weeds during ploughing

– Efficient work

– Less labour demanding

– Can be used to transport farm produce

– Operation done in line

– Does ploughing, planting and harvesting

– P.T.O shaft can be used for irrigation, sprinkling water etc.

  1. b) – Can only work in flat surfaces

–  Needs frequent repair and maintenance

–  Initial capital for purchase is high

–  Requires technical know how to operate

–   Only confined to large scale farms

 

  1. – Rhizobium
  2. – Poor feeding of the mother rabbit.

– Touching kindles with strong / bad smelling substances.

– When the doe is frightened or disturbed after kindling.

9.a) – Weather changes.

–  Out break of pests and diseases.

–  Natural calamities e.g earth quakes.

–  Obsolenscence (become out of date) i.e machinery.

–  New production techniques.

– Changing prices of commodities.

–  Low or high yields of production.

–  Theft cases – sickness / injury.

–  Fire out breaks death.

  1. b) – Weather forecast.

–  Provision of extension service and advice to farmers.

–  Adjusting future prices of commodities from the farm and giving farmers in advances.

–  Stabilization of prices of certain farm produce so that they don’t flactuate.

–  Provision of loans to farmers to improve production.

–  Provision of research on animals and plants e.g hybrids diseases etc.

–  Provision and subsidisation of agricultural inputs.

  1. a) SO4-2 (Sulphate ion).
  2. b) i) – Yellowish green colour / chlorosis.

–  Stunted growth.

–   Premature drying of leaves.

–  Defoliation / falling of leaves.

  1. ii) – Inorganic manure

–  Organic manure

–  Nitrogen fixation

–  Fresh organic matter

11.a) i) – Is any plant established naturally or artificially for feeding livestock.

(ii) – Site for beehive / bee keeping.

  1. b) – Better forage management.

– Use of high yielding / performing animal.

–  Conservation of forage.

  1. a) – Loss of plant nutrients through percolation into deeper layer of soil by water.
  2. b) – High rainfall / excess irrigation water.

–   Solubility of mineral salts.

–   Rate of soil structure / infiltration / texture drainage.

13.a) – Necessitates sperm production.

b)- Provide sufficient nourishment for the development of the foetus and the expectant mother.

–   Helps to prevent pregnancy to xermical (twin lamb disease).

–   Result in strong healthy lamb at birth.

–   Promotes udder development and better milk following lambing.

–   Enhances muscle reserve build up in ewes.

 

SECTION B

 

  1. – Topography

–  Soil

–  Direction of wind

–  Relationship to other structures

–  Accessibility

–  Size of the farm

 

 

 

  1. – Used when castrating male animals.

–  Used when carrying out livestock treatment.

–  Used to restrain animals during artificial insemination.

–  Used to restrain animals during weighing.

16.a) – 3 cedar posts.

  1. b) – N.P.K total ratio = 60

–  Nitrogen  = 62.50 Kg

  • Phosphate = 50Kg
  • Potassium = 37.5Kg

17.a) – Stunted growth

– Low milk yields

  1. b) – Presence of hump where fats are stored

–  Presence of dehydrating tissues

–  Resistance to drought

–   Ability to drink large amounts of water

18.a) – Sound economic base / finance

–  Loyalty of members

–  Good leadership

–  Effective control of funds

–   Education of members on their rights and obligations

 

  1. b) – Carry out efficient marketing of farm products

–  Provide loans to farmers

–  Keep prices stable

–  Control quality and quantity of products

19.- Passive immunity is one passed from the mother to the child while active immunity is

acquired after a previous developing antibodies against the disease.

  1. – Presence of root knots.

–  Wilting.

21.a) – Select proper / more paying enterprises.

–   Proper crop husbandry practices.

–   Improve farm management.

–   Mechanization of farm operation

–   Adopt new technique of production

–   Time line of farm operation

  1. b) – Laying percentage

–  Price of culled birds

–  Replacement cost

–  Casual labour

22.a) –  Cross breading

–   Up – grading.

  1. b) – Eliminate the risk of expenses.

–  It is possible to use sire on smaller cows without any physical injury.

–  Permits the use of proven sires beyond the economy lease of an average farmer.

–  It makes it easy to control in breeding.

  1. – To maintain soil fertility.

– To reduce / spread risks

–  To maximise revenue / incure

–  To obtain balance diet for the family

–  Crop residues are feed to livestock

–  Income is obtained through out the year

 

 

 

 

SECTION C.

 

24.a) – Litter should be provided for to provide warmth as well as absorbing moisture.

–  Fresh air – Holes for ventilation should be made on the walls of the brooder to allow gaseous exchange.

–   Heat source – A wire should be around heat source to prevent chicks from burning.

–   The correct temperatures should be:

32 – 35oC 1st week

29.7 – 32.2oC 2nd week

26.6 – 29.7oC 3rd week

–     Source of heat should be removed in the fourth week gradually to avoid stress.

–     Light – provide light in the brooder for the chicks to see food (dim light).

–     Feeders – provide clean feeders which should be cleaned every morning.

–     Waterers – provide waters which should clean have pointed tips to avoid water being dirty.

–     Avoid sharp corners as these encourages overcrowding causing suffocation.

–     Feed chick and duck marsh at recommended ratio depending on the number of chicks.

–     Vaccinate chicks with Newcastle vaccine.

  1. b) – Conserve excess feed during plenty in form of silage or hay.

–     Ensure selective stock disposal when drought is approaching.

–     Provide crop residues to livestock.

–     Irrigation of pastures.

–     Give supplementary feed to livestock.

–     Plant drought tolerant fodder crops.

  1. – Profit and loss account for Mrs Odhiambo’s farm for 1997.

–     Profit and Loss account.

–     Profit and loss of Mrs Odhiambos farm for 1997

 

Sales and reciepts                                Purchases and expenses

Shs   cts                                                        Shs

Closing valuation                 16,000 00  Opening valuation                    12,000

Milk Sales                    8,000  00          Purchases of farm tools                1000

Sales of goats                500 00              Consts of zero unit                   10,000

Sales of cabbages          750 00              Depr of machinery                         800

Sales of heifer                 9,400 00         Interest payable                             750

Sales of tea                   4,700 00          Purchase of pesticides                    300

Veterinary bills                              400

Wages                                        4,800

                                                            Profit                                          9,300

39,350                                                                39,350

 

Mrs Odhiambo started her operations at a farm value Shs. 12,000 and therefore this is the base. The farm made a profit of Shs 9,300. The percentage profit is therefore

 9,300   x  100 = 77.5%

12,000

26.a) – Shallow rooters should alternate with deep rooters.

–     Crop attacked by the same pests and disease should not follow each other.

–     Crops with high nutrient requirement should come first in a newly ploughed land.

–     Legumes should be included in the programme to increase nitrogen content of soil.

–     Fallow period / grass should be included in the rotation to build soil structure.

–     Crops which are hard to weed should alternate with those that are easy to weed.

  1. b) –    Proper weed control to reduce competition for nutrients and water.

–   To improve coffee yield and quality.

 

 

Methods

  • Cultural e.g mulching
  • Mechanical e.g slashing
  • Chemical use of herbicides
  • Mulching

–     Mulch should not be in contact with coffee stem

Reason:

  • Preserve soil moistures
  • Suppress weeds
  • Supplies nutrients when it decomposes
  • Reduce soil erosion

 

      Pest s and diseases

Coffee pests:

  • Leaf miner
  • Control spray with recommended insecticide
  • Antesia bug
  • Proper pruning
  • Spray with recommended pesticide

 

Coffee disease:

  • CBD
  • Proper prunning

–     Planting resistant cultivers

  • Spray with recommended fungicide

 

Coffee leaf rust:

–     Plant resistant varieties

–     Time by application of fungicide

 

         Prunning

  • Single stem
  • Multiple stem
  • Change of cycle

 

         Reasons For Prunning

  • To improve yields and quality of coffee
  • To assist in disease and pest control
  • To open the crop to light and air
  • To avoid die-back of primaries and roots

 

Fertilizer and manure applications:

–     Phosphate fertilizers – Applied at planting time to supply phosphorous for proper root growth and development

 

–     Nitrogenous fertilizer – The crop should be top dressed when soil is moist.

Reason:- To supply nitrogen required for vegetation growth, flowering and fruiting.

 

–     Manure(compost) application:- Apply in planting holes.

Reason: – To improve soil structure.

– To supply nutrients.

–  To increase activity of micro-organism.

TSC announces 10,000 recruitment and promotion vacancies for teachers

The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) has advertised close to 9,000 new recruitment vacancies for teachers. 4,000 vacancies are for Secondary schools new recruitment to support the Government’s 100 per cent transition policy from primary. Another 927 vacancies are to replace secondary school teachers who have left service due to natural attrition.

Also advertised are 2,987 new vacancies for Primary schools new recruitment. Another 1,000 practicing teachers in primary schools will be promoted and deployed to secondary schools.

Summary of the advertised vacancies.

S/N Vacancy Type Number
1 Secondary schools new recruitment 4,000
2 Secondary schools replacement vacancies 927
3 Deployment vacancies 1,000
4 Primary schools new recruitment 2,987
Total 8,914

 

Application Deadline

According to TSC Boss, Dr. Nancy Macharia, interested and qualified candidates should submit their applications online through the Commission’s website not later than July 12, 2021.

Qualifications for the vacancies

Qualifications for the 4,000 Secondary schools new recruitment vacancies

To qualify for recruitment of the 4,000 secondary teachers, a candidate must be a Kenyan, holder of at least a diploma in education and registered with TSC.

An applicant must be a Kenyan, hold a P1 certificate or hold a Bachelor’s degree in Education with two teaching subjects.

The candidates are also expected to have attained at least a mean grade of C+ (plus) in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination and a similar grade in two teaching subjects or its equivalent.

Additionally, applicants must ensure that certified copies of degree certificates and academic transcripts are filed to the Commission through TSC County Directors within one month of the date of this advertisement.

Qualifications for the 1,000 Deployment vacancies

TSC is also seeking to recruit 1000 primary school teachers, with successful ones expected to be posted to any part of the country and not necessarily in counties they are recruited.

Interested candidates must also be Kenyans, hold a P1 certificate and registered under TSC.  The TSC advert is expected to be put out to the public today.

Successful candidates for promotion will be appointed at T-scale 7, Grade C2 under Career Progression Guidelines (CPG) for teachers and will be deployed to schools where vacancies exist.

Successful candidates will be required to present original academic and professional certificates, to or more application for employment will be disqualified,” said Macharia.

TSC has at the same time released new recruitment guidelines as the 2021/2022 recruitment guidelines will be used.

Quick TSC Links

TSC Home

TSC Teachers Online

Access adverts, entry/exit returns and teacher registration services

Update Profile

Update biodata and additional documents

TSC TPAD

Access Teacher Perfomance, Appraisal & Development

Pension Status

View pension claims that have been delivered to the Treasury

T-PAY

Access payslips, P9 for tax returns and 3rd party services

TSC FAQs

Get answers to recurrent questions about general HR issues

De-registered Teachers

Approved Study Leave

TSC Returned Certificates

TSC Medical Scheme

TSC Downloads

TSC Commissioners

TSC Secretariat

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Teachers Email Activation

Contact Us.

The Knec school exams portal for KCSE and KCPE results downloads

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (KNEC) PORTAL FOR SCHOOL EXAMS

The Kenya National Examinations Council, KNEC, portal for school exams (https://www.knec-portal.ac.ke/) is used to register candidates for the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) and Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) examinations.

You can get a number of services at the Knec portal for school exams. These services have been listed for you below. Click on the link next to each service in order to access it, online;

S/no Knec school exams Portal Service Service access link
1 Candidate Registration for KCPE, KCSE exams Click here.
2 Confirming candidate registration for KCPE, KCSE exams  Click here.
3 Downloading KCPE result slips  Click here.
4 Grade 3 Portal  Click here.
5 LCBE Portal  Click here.
6 Qualifying exam service  Click here.
7 KCSE projects  Click here.
8 Downloading whole school results online  Click here.
You are Signed in as:
PRIMARY SCHOOLS (K C P E) SECONDARY SCHOOLS (K C S E)

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   xxxxx  xxxxx 
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For a list of all Knec portals and their links, visit; www.knec.ac.ke portal (Kenya National Examinations Council Online Portal).

Mang’u High School KCSE 2020-2021 results analysis, grade count and results for all candidates

Mang’u High SCHOOL KCSE 2020/2021 RESULTS ANALYSIS (SCHOOL MEAN, INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATES’ RESULTS AND MEAN GRADE SUMMARY)-  Mang’u High School is a top performing high school located in Kiambu County, Kenya. Here is the KCSE 2020 results analysis for the school.

Mang’u High school has always maintained a good run in the KCSE examinations over the years. For instance, in the 2019 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination results the school emerged among the top 100 schools in the whole country.

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Mang’u High school managed a mean score of in the 2019 KCSE examinations.. Read more details here; KCSE 2019 list of top 200 schools nationally; Full list.

You may also likeKCSE 2019 national results and ranking per subject- Physics

MANG’U HIGH SCHOOL KCSE 2020 RESULTS ANALYSIS AND MEAN GRADE SUMMARY

We have analysed results for Mang’u High school in the KCSE 2020 examinations. Get the school’s KCSE 2020/2021 results and all schools in the country plus candidates in the official Knec results portal, here; KCSE 2020-2021 OFFICIAL RESULTS PORTAL.

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The 2021 KCSE results portal.

We have more KCSE 2020-2021 articles for you here;

KCSE 2020-2021 Top 100 Schools nationally

KCSE 2020-2021 Top 100 schools per county

QUICK KNEC LINKS

KCSE/KCPE ONLINE RESULTS PORTAL

KCSE PORTAL

THE KNEC KCSE PORTAL

KNEC PORTAL LOGIN.

THE KNEC CBA PORTAL

KNEC SCHOOL EXAMS PORTAL

KNEC PORTAL FOR KCPE RESULTS

THE KCPE KNEC PORTAL FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

KNEC EXAMINERS PORTAL

THE KNEC CONTRACTED PROFESSIONALS PORTAL

THE KNEC CBA PORTAL

KNEC EXAMINERS LOGIN PORTAL

KNEC PORTALS

THE KNEC LCBE PORTAL

THE OFFICIAL KNEC WEBSITE

Best Betting Tips

BETTING TIPS

Before placing a bet, across various betting sites, it is important to note the following points:

1. Manage your money patiently

Don’t bet higher than what you can afford, even if you feel sure. You need to have a stable style and lot of patience to have profit. Management is the key.

2. Search for good tipsters

Seek for tipsters who have a long-term profit. Many websites are giving historical records. Check if they win in the long term, and follow some, but first, try them.

3. Watch a lot

Watching particular football leagues will help you to have a more detailed image of the teams’ strength. Nothing is better than personal experience and judgment.

4. Statistics

Check the stats. League positions, home/away records, current form, team news and head-to-head records. All these are playing a key role to improve your profits.

5. Don’t be emotional

You need to moderate your feelings at the teams you love or those that impressed you. The opposing team is your enemy, which you may don’t know right.

6. Special Bets

Seek for special football bets. Corners, correct score & yellow cards offered with high value. Tip for betting on football: Seek for plenty of corners in the second half.

Postal Codes for Major Towns in Kenya

KCPE 2022 Results Analysis Per School – Nyabondo Girls Boarding Primary School

KCPE 2022 Results Analysis Per School – Nyabondo Girls Boarding Primary School

KCPE 2022 Results Analysis Per School – Nyabondo Girls Boarding Primary School

In the released 2022 KCPE Exams, the best candidate at the school scored 420 marks out of 500. Seven candidates scored over 400 marks with the school recording a mean score of 360.64 marks. 

Get analysed KCPE 2022 results for all schools here; Knec Exams Analysis Portal.

NYABONDO GIRLS BOARDING PRIMARY SCHOOL KCPE 2022 MERIT LIST     

INDEX NO NAMES CLS ENG KISW MAT SCI SSTRE TOTAL
39733229009 OTIENO FENNY GRACA NDITTO B 89 A 82 A 87 A 78 A- 84 A 420
39733229001 OKOTH NATASHA DOM B 83 A 85 A 84 A 80A A 83 A 415
39733229003 OMONDI MARY VICTORINE W 84 A 84 A 84 A 78 A- 81 A 411
39733229007 KODINDO SIDNEY ADONGO W 82 A 86 A 85 A 80 A 76 A- 410
39733229005 ONGOCHO BRIGIT BEVERLY W 85 A 84 A 83 A 78 A- 77 A- 407
39733229002 AKINYI PAULA ANGELA B 87 A 80 A 84 A 73 B+ 81 A 405
39733229025 ADHIAMBO AUDREY MILLICENT W 91 A 78 A- 84 A 75 A- 73 B+ 401
39733229008 OKELLO VIONCY GEORGIAN B 88 A 82 A 81 A 70 B+ 78 A- 399
39733229029 MAYI LENICE ADHIAMBO W 85 A 80 A 83 A 75 A- 75 A- 398
39733229027 OMONDI NICOLE FERNADEZ B 85 A 81 A 81 A 76 A- 74 B+ 397
39733229006 ABUYA JUDITH AKINYI B 78 A- 81 A 83 A 76 A- 77 A- 395
39733229052 OUKO JULLIAN ANYANGO W 80 A 82 A 81 A 76 A- 75 A- 394
39733229004 MBOYA ANNA BEATRICE W 82 A 82 A 80 A 73 B+ 76 A- 393
39733229010 ODHIAMBO JANEROSE W 83 A 81 A 80 A 76 A- 73 B+ 393
39733229011 ABONGO HELMI MAGDALINE ATIENO B 75 A- 74 B+ 85 A 80 A 79 A- 393
39733229020 OTIENO HERRINE AKINYI B 78 A- 81 A 83 A 76 A- 75 A- 393
39733229023 KODINDO STACY APIYO B 81 A 84 A 77 A- 72 B+ 77 A- 391
39733229013 OPIYO ISDORE ACHIENG B 81 A 78 A- 84 A 73 B+ 74 B+ 390
39733229022 OTIENO TRACY TABU W 85 A 80 A 77 A- 76 A- 71 B+ 389
39733229024 AMANI FAITH MICHELLE B 83 A 74 B+ 87 A 75 A- 73 B+ 389
39733229018 ODHIAMBO VERA MARGRET W 80 A 80 A 79 A- 75 A- 73 B+ 387
39733229032 OUMA TRACY ATIENO B 87 A 75 A- 75 A- 76 A- 74 B+ 387
39733229037 OTIENO XAVIER JABALY W 83 A 81 A 79 A- 75 A- 67 B 385
39733229014 MOKAYA SARAH KERUBO B 76 A- 81 A 80 A 72 B+ 76 A- 385
39733229047 KEYSHA NAVILLE B 77 A- 80 A 80 A 80 A 68 B 385
39733229035 OKOTH ANYANGO MICHELLE ROSE B 80 A 81 A 81 A 70 B+ 72 B+ 384
39733229016 DONDI LUCY AWUOR W 80 A 76 A- 77 A- 73 B+ 77 A- 383
39733229019 OCHIENG KIMSHELLY MARION B 76 A 82 A 81 A 70 B+ 74 B+ 383
39733229015 OBIEROH TRIZAH SASHA B 78 A- 73 B+ 84 A 73 B+ 73 B+ 381
39733229026 ONYANGO ANGELAH ACHIENG B 83 A 82 A 79 A- 76 A- 70 B+ 381
39733229028 RACHILO SHAIN MICHELLE B 82 A 78 A- 75 A- 70 B+ 76 A- 381
39733229017 ODUOR TERESA ADHIAMBO W 73 B+ 84 A 79 A- 73 B+ 71 B+ 380
39733229046 OCHIENG VICTORIA ADUMA B 78 A- 79 A- 83 A 76 A- 63 B 379
39733229012 ONYIM DEBORAH SEVY B 74 B+ 81 A 83 A 70 B+ 69 B 377
39733229034 OTIENO MERCY MELICK ATIENO B 76 A- 72 B+ 81 A 72 B+ 73 B+ 376
39733229058 SHAALIN IMANI B 83 A 78 A- 72 B+ 72 B+ 69 B+ 374
39733229030 ODHIAMBO BARBRA ADHIAMBO W 83 A 77 A- 69 B 72 B+ 72 B+ 373
39733229036 ONGWEYA CATHERINE MARY ALUOCH W 82 A 78 A- 72 B+ 70 B+ 71 W 373
39733229041 OTIENO MIRIANNE ACHIENG W 77 B+ 77 W+ 70 73 76 I+ 373
39733229033 MBOYA WINNIE FRAZIER ACHIENG W 79 A- 76 A- 80 A 72 B+ 65 B 372
39733229031 OUMA EPHY AWINO W 84 A 75 A- 72 B+ 68 B+ 72 B+ 371
39733229059 OGAL VALENCIA MARY AKINYI B 82 A 79 A- 70 B+ 70 B+ 68 B 369
39733229043 OTIENO JULIET HARMONY B 75 A- 76 A- 76 A- 68 B 73 B+ 368
39733229044 NGALA SANDRA ADHIAMBO W 80 A 79 W- 73 68 67 W+ 367
39733229053 ODHIAMBO DANIELLA AMONDI W 79 A- 73 B+ 80 A 67 B 68 B 367
39733229049 ODHIAMBO ESTHER FAITH ATIENO B 80 A 70 B+ 76 A- 72 B+ 68 B 366
39733229054 OYOO SHIRLEY STEPHANIE JOY B 70 B+ 69 B 81 A 70 B+ 73 B+ 363
39733229051 MOKAYA CLAUDIAH NYABOKE W 78 A- 74 B+ 61 B- 73 B+ 73 B+ 359

 

39733229021 ODHIAMBO MARYL ATIENO W 73 B+ 78 A- 66 B 70 B+ 71 B+ 358
39733229091 JUNE SHIRLEY ATIENO W 78 A- 76 A- 66 B 73 B+ 65 B 358
39733229048 ODHIAMBO MARIGOLD AMONDI W 80 A 71 B+ 73 B+ 65 B 68 B 357
39733229055 ODHIAMBO YVETTE AKINYI W 78 A- 77 A- 73 B+ 67 B 62 B- 357
39733229063 OTIENO JOY VERALDINE AWUOR W 77 A- 76 A- 70 B+ 68 B 65 B 356
39733229039 ABBY MYRA B 76 A- 74 B+ 61 B 78 A- 67 B 356
39733229061 OJWANG NADIA AKINYI W 78 A- 77 A- 65 B 65 B 70 B+ 355
39733229050 ODHIAMBO BECKY STEPHANIE W 81 A 67 B 70 B+ 72 B+ 63 B- 353
39733229068 ODIWUOR LAURA J. MONTESORY W 80 A 71 B+ 62 B- 70 B+ 69 B- 352
39733229082 ONYANGO DEBRA WONDER B 73 B+ 73 B+ 73 B+ 68 B 65 B 352
39733229040 OCHIENG IDA ABUYA W 76 A- 72 B+ 61 B- 73 B+ 69 B 351
39733229064 OKOTH CYDNEY SUSAN TAMARA W 72 B+ 74 B+ 65 B 73 B+ 67 B 351
39733229060 OUMA MICHELLE ASHLEY W 78 A- 77 A- 66 B 62 B- 65 B 348
39733229038 SCHOLARSTICA GATI W 79 A- 72 B+ 62 B- 62 B- 71 B+ 346
39733229086 SHEANIZE DEUGYNON W 78 A- 68 B 68 B 70 B+ 61 B- 345
39733229042 MOMANYI HARRIGAN KEMUNTO B 75 A- 73 B 62 B 68 B+ 65 B 345
39733229065 MITCHELLE JULIET AKOTH B 75 A- 66 B 55 C+ 75 A- 74 B+ 345
39733229077 HELLEN NATALY PRECIOUS B 73 B+ 68 B+ 69 B 73 B+ 62 B- 345
39733229056 OUYA YVETTE SANDRA B 75 A- 64 B 75 A- 62 B- 67 B 343
39733229080 JUMA LAVENDA AKINYI B 69 B 76 A- 70 B+ 65 B 62 B- 342
39733229045 OUMA STEPHANIE ACHIENG W 72 B+ 71 B+ 62 B- 73 B+ 63 B- 341
39733229074 OUMA MELVIN ACHIENG W 79 A- 70 B+ 64 B- 65 B 61 B- 339
39733229078 SYPROSE NYANCHAMA OMAMBIA B 63 B- 74 B+ 75 A- 65 B 62 B- 339
39733229062 SHIRLEY PRISCAH W 72 B+ 76 A- 66 B 67 B 57 C+ 338
39733229071 OKINYO JACKLINE AKINYI B 76 A- 71 B+ 60 B- 57 C+ 69 B 333
39733229066 OCHIENG MONICAH SANDRAH W 80 A 71 B+ 45 C- 62 B- 74 B+ 332
39733229073 ODOYO FIDDY ALICE AWUOR W 72 B+ 68 B 61 B- 62 B- 69 B 332
39733229081 KATE ELIZABETH ALAI W 67 B 72 B+ 66 B 67 B 59 C+ 331
39733229069 ODERO FAVOUR KATE B 75 A- 70 B+ 62 B- 62 B- 60 B- 329
39733229075 AMOLO MICHELLE AKINYI B 74 B+ 71 B+ 60 B- 65 B 58 C+ 328
39733229094 HYLEAN AKINYI MARTIN B 68 B 72 B+ 64 B- 64 B- 60 B- 328
39733229085 OKOKO VALARY ATIENO W 67 B 64 B 66 B 65 B 63 B- 325
39733229084 GLORIAN AWUOR ONDU B 72 B+ 73 B+ 49 C 60 B 71 A- 325
39733229067 OTIENO EUPHEMIAH AKINYI B 73 A- 73 B+ 60 B- 67 B- 49 B- 322
39733229072 ODERA YNESS ATIENO B 77 A- 64 B- 60 B- 60 B- 61 B- 322
39733229076 BUYAYA DOLINE KEMUNTO B 66 B 64 B- 62 B- 68 B 61 B- 321
39733229088 SHEILA CHEPKORIR RONO W 68 B 70 B+ 51 C+ 68 B 63 C+ 320
39733229057 LAVENDA ACHIENG W 73 B+ 77 A- 55 C+ 60 B- 53 C+ 318
39733229092 OKOTH LIZZIE ASHLEY W 63 B- 72 B+ 53 C+ 67 B 62 C+ 317
39733229089 OTIENO CLARA LUCY ATIENO B 67 B 74 B+ 54 C+ 60 B- 61 B- 316
39733229083 ONYANGO PERPETUA ACHIENG B 72 B+ 73 B+ 49 C 65 B 56 C+ 315
39733229090 OTIENO EFFY ANYANGO B 62 B- 68 B 69 B 62 B- 54 C+ 315
39733229093 BERYL CHEPKIRUI KEMBOI B 74 B 67 B+ 39 D+ 68 B 64 B- 312
39733229095 ODHIAMBO DELLAH MARION B 62 B- 74 B+ 53 C+ 62 B- 60 B- 311
39733229070 OCHIENG NICOLE MIGOT W 78 A- 69 B 38 D+ 57 C+ 68 B- 310
39733229079 JULIAN ATIENO W 62 B- 65 B 53 C+ 65 B 62 B- 309
39733229087 OUMA FAITH ANITA W 70 B+ 59 C+ 62 B- 54 C+ 61 B- 306
  MEAN SCORE   76.93 75.02 70.43 69.57 68.55 360.64

 

ST CATHERINE High School 2023 KCSE Results Analysis, Grade Count

St Catherine High school has once again shone at this year’s KCSE Exams. The school is known for success at KCSE National Exams. In the announced 2023 KCSE results, the school has recorded a very impressive result, just as was the case last year.

ST CATHERINE High School 2023 KCSE Results Analysis, Grade Count

ST CATHERINE High School recorded a fair result in the 2023 KCSE exams. Below is the full analysis of the school’s KCSE 2023 performance. Get to see the school’s mean grade, grade count analysis and number of students who qualified for university degree courses.

HERE IS THE SCHOOL’S 2023 KCSE RESULTS ANALYSIS IN FULL

GRADE ENTRY A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D D- E X Y U P W 2021 2020 2019 DEV 2021-2020
NO OF CANDIDATES 102 0 0 0 2 4 6 21 18 24 23 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7157 4.914 5.4 -0.1983
SCHOOL MEAN GRADE C- (minus) . .
UNIVERSITY DIRECT ENTRY 12 . .
TOTAL CANDIDATES 102 . .
% DIRECT ENTRY 11.76471 . .

_____________________________________________

Continue reading

How to download the KCSE 2023-2024 Results online for the whole school: the knec online results portal; http://www.knec-portal.ac.ke

KCSE Results 2023/2024; All you need to know

KCSE Results 2023/2024 – www.knec-portal.ac.ke

Check KCSE Results 2023-2024 Via SMS, Online

KCSE Results 2023/2024 – www.knec-portal.ac.ke

Check KCSE Results 2023-2024 Via SMS, Online

_____________________________________________

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KRA training opportunities; intake to be done in May, 2019

Kenya School of Revenue Administration (KESRA) is the Kenya Revenue Authority’s premier training school specializing in Tax and Customs Administration, Fiscal Policy and Management. The School is one of the only four World Customs Organization (WCO) accredited Regional Training Centres (RTCs) in Africa.

Apply for the May, 2019, intake through; https://t.co/ea1VaQytCp by 10th May 2019.

KESRA Programmes

Certificate Programmes

Certificate in Tax Administration

Course Requirements

1). KCSE Certificate with a minimum aggregate of C- (Minus) with D+ in Mathematics and English

Application Fees

All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-Kenyans) being non-refundable application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
1). Semester 1: 40,500.00
2). Semester 2: 40,000.00
3). Full Fees: 80,500.00
Duration: 6months

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings);
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account);
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

Mode of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)

All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note
it’s non-residential
Attendance.

Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examinations.

Certificate in Customs Administration

Course Requirements

1). KCSE Certificate with a minimum aggregate of C- (Minus) with D+ in Mathematics and
English.

Application Fees

All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-Kenyans) being non-refundable application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
1). Semester 1: 40,500.00
2). Semester 2: 40,000.00
3). Full Fees: 80,500.00
Duration: 6months

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings);
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account);
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

Mode of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)

All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note
it’s non-residential
Attendance.

Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examinations.

East Africa Customs Freight Forwarding Practicing Certificate(EACFFPC)

Course Requirements:
1). KCSE Certificate with a minimum aggregate of C-

Fee Structure
1). Applicants are required to pay a non–refundable application fee of Kshs.500 and Kshs.
35,000 per semester.

Payment Details
1). Bank: National Bank
Account Name: KIFWA
Account Number: 01020060617001
Branch: Port way, Moi Ave Msa
2). Other fees- FEAFFA Training materials of USD 100 payable to:
Bank: KCB
Account Name: Federation of East African Freight Forwarders Association
Account Number: 1116399997
Branch: Sarit Centre

Mode of study
1). Evenings only

Attendance
1). Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure
to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examination

Diploma Programmes

Diploma in Tax Administration

Course Requirements
1). KCSE Certificate with a minimum aggregate of C plain with C- in Mathematics and English.

Application Fees
1). All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-Kenyans) being non-refundable
application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
Duration: 1 year. Semester 1: Ksh. 50,000
Semester 2: Ksh. 50,000
Semester 3: Ksh. 50,000
Full Fees: Ksh.150,000

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings)
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account ($))
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

Mode of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)

1). All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note it’s non-residential

Attendance
1). Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will
not be allowed to register for examinations.

Diploma in Customs Administration

Course Requirements

1). KCSE Certificate with a minimum aggregate of C plain with C- in Mathematics and English.

Application Fees
1). All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-Kenyans) being non-refundable
application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
Duration: 1 year. Semester 1: Ksh. 50,000
Semester 2: Ksh. 50,000
Semester 3: Ksh. 50,000
Full Fees: Ksh.150,000

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings)
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account ($))
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)

1). All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note it’s non-residential

Attendance
1). Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examinations.

Diploma in Revenue Administration (with special focus on Counties)

Course Requirements
1). KCSE Certificate with a minimum aggregate of C plain with C- in Mathematics and English.

Application Fees
1). All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-Kenyans) being non-refundable
application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
Duration: 1 year. Semester 1: Ksh. 50,000
Semester 2: Ksh. 50,000
Semester 3: Ksh. 50,000
Full Fees: Ksh.150,000

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings)
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account ($))
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

Mode of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)
1). All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note it’s non-residential

Attendance
1). Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examinations.

Post Graduate Diploma Programmes(in partnership with JKUAT)

Post Graduate Diploma in Tax Administration

Course Requirements
1). Bachelor’s Degree (2nd class Honours, Lower Division) in any discipline recognized by the Commission for
University Education (CUE) and an Institution recognized by JKUAT Senate.

Application Fees
1). All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-Kenyans) being non-refundable
application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
Duration: 1 year.
Semester 1: Ksh. 65,000
Semester 2: Ksh. 65,000
Semester 3: Ksh. 65,000
Full Fees: Ksh. 195,000

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings)
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account ($))
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

Mode of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)
1). All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note it’s non-residential

Attendance
1). Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examinations.

Post graduate Diploma in Customs Administration

Course Requirements
1). Bachelor’s Degree (2nd class Honours, Lower Division) in any discipline recognized by the Commission for
University Education (CUE) and an Institution recognized by JKUAT Senate.

Application Fees
1). All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-Kenyans) being non-refundable
application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
Duration: 1 year.
Semester 1: Ksh. 65,000
Semester 2: Ksh. 65,000
Semester 3: Ksh. 65,000
Full Fees: Ksh. 195,000

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings)
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account ($))
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

Mode of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)
1). All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note it’s non-residential

Attendance
1). Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examinations.

Master Programme(in partnership with Moi University)

Masters in Tax and Customs Administration (with specialization in Tax or Customs)

Course Requirements
1). Bachelor’s Degree (2nd class Honours, Lower Division) in a business or related field
from a University recognized by the Commission for University Education (CUE) and an Institution recognized by Moi University Senate.

Application Fees
. All applicants will be required to pay Kshs. 2, 000 (Kenyans) or USD 25 (Non-
Kenyans) being non-refundable application fee as per the bank details below.

Fee Structure
Duration: 2 Years
Semester
1: Kshs. 95,000
Semester
2: Ksh. 80,000
Semester
3: Ksh. 80,000
Semester
4: Ksh. 80,000
Semester
5: Ksh. 80,000
Full Fees: Ksh. 415,000

Payment Details
1). Bank Details (Kenya Shillings)
The National Bank of Kenya A/C01023015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)
2). Bank details (USD Account ($))
The National Bank of Kenya A/C 02020015000900
Branch: Times Tower Branch
Account Name: Kenya school of Revenue Administration (KESRA)

Mode of study (Day, Evening or Saturday)
1). All courses will be conducted at our Mombasa and Nairobi Campuses and please note it’s non-residential

Attendance
1). Students must attend a minimum of 75% of all lectures, seminars and tutorials, failure to which he/she will not be allowed to register for examinations.

2019 Eastern Region Term one games results

BASKETBALL RESULTS

BOYS
Waso 24 vs 45 Mukuuni
Kasikeu 42 vs 16 Mukuuni
Lukenya 48 vs 23 Mbiruri
Meru 58 vs 20 Mbiruri
Lukenya 64 vs 30 Mutito
Kangaru 42 vs 40 Matuu day
Lwanga 45 vs 62 Matuu day
Kangaru 24 vs 56 Miruriri

GIRLS
Moi marsabit 6 vs 37 Chogoria
Kirigara 62 vs 15 Chogoria
Moi marsabit 7 vs 50 Kangaru
Chuka 12 vs 35 Mituntu
Kyeni 18 vs 40 Mituntu
Ikutha 36 vs 67 Mua
Makueni 38 vs 58 Mua

QUATRE FINALS

GIRLS
Mua vs Kangaru
Kyasioni vs Kyeni
Kirigara vs Makueni
Mituntu vs Lawsons

BOYS
Kasikeu vs Kangaru
Mbooni vs Meru school
Miruriri vs Mukuuni
Lukenya vs Ikuu

Kenya Assemblies of God East University Latest Kuccps Degree Course List, Requirements, Fees & Duration

Kenya Assemblies of God East University Latest Kuccps Degree Course List, Requirements, Fees & Duration

# PROGRAMME CODE PROGRAMME NAME INSTITUTION TYPE YEAR 1 – PROGRAMME COST 2023 CUTOFF 2022 CUTOFF 2021 CUTOFF
1 1555135 BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (ARTS) KSH 42,000 22.358 22.636
2 1555153 BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION KSH 42,000 21.444 22.544
3 1555171 BACHELOR OF ARTS IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT KSH 42,000 22.916 22.926
4 1555252 BA IN BIBLICAL STUDIES KSH 42,000 19.670 19.956
5 1555253 BA IN CHURCH EDUCATIONAL MINISTRIES KSH 42,000 19.670 19.956
6 1555254 BA IN INTER-CULTURAL STUDIES KSH 42,000 19.670 19.956
7 1555674 BACHELOR OF COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY KSH 42,000 22.916 22.926

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Junior Secondary Schools, JSS, Buildings, Classrooms & Infrastructure Requirements

Junior Secondary Schools, JSS, Infrastructure, Buildings & Other Guidelines

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

       Overview of Infrastructure of JSS

Physical infrastructure in a school include but are not limited to land, water storage and supply facilities, classrooms, laboratories, latrines and toilets. In order to ensure effective learning, infrastructure should be responsive to the changing needs of educational delivery; and at a minimum, provide a comfortable, safe, secure, accessible, well illuminated, well ventilated; and, aesthetically pleasing physical environment. This encourages learning as well as caters for learners’ mental and physical well-being.

       Basic Junior Secondary School Infrastructure

 

ALL JSSs SHALL establish the following minimum infrastructure in the long run:

  • Standard science and well-furnished laboratories with basic laboratory apparatus, equipment and specimens relevant to integrated science.
  • Workshop for Pre-technical Studies with relevant working tools as well as safety equipment and
  • Fields, pitches, open spaces and other relevant facilities and equipment for athletics, games, physical fitness and health.
  • Small plots or spaces for innovative agricultural practices and assorted farm tools and
  • Computer science laboratory with adequate computer sets installed with basic programmes, database package, a printer and projector.
  • Counselling room or space for psycho-social support and other learner support
  • Library with relevant (digital as well as physical) learning
  • Home Science room with provision for laundry, cooking and sewing areas/space as well as other relevant facilities, safety equipment and materials.
  • Languages room equipped with relevant learning materials, including audio-visual
  • An Art room or studio equipped with working benches, drawing easels, clamps and drills and any other relevant equipment, tools and materials.
  • Music room with relevant facilities, musical instruments and learning

 

       Infrastructure Standards

All JSSs SHALL implement the infrastructure standards prescribed by the Cabinet Secretary responsible for Education as outlined below:

  • The site layout SHALL be determined by site specific conditions such as size, topography drainage channels and direction of the prevailing winds, available services and utilities as per Physical and Land Use Planning Act, (2019).
  • ALL new JSSs SHALL develop a site plan, in consultation with relevant service
  • All JSSs SHALL ensure that a signpost is installed at strategic exterior and interior entrance spots, indicating the institutions name, contact details and, GPS coordinates, as per KEBS/KS ISO/ IECTR 1976:2007.
  • All JSSs SHALL ensure that the compound is well graded, with provision for natural drains as per

Safety Standards Manual for Schools in Kenya (2008).

  • All JSSs SHALL ensure that the landscape is configured to ease access for persons with special needs and disabilities.
  • All JSSs SHALL collaborate with the Department of Forestry to green the environment and plant trees. All trees SHALL be labelled by their botanical and local names.
  • All JSSs SHALL provide administration offices, commensurate with the prevailing curriculum
  • All JSSs SHALL ensure that designs and specifications of structures conform to the Registration Guidelines for Basic Education Institutions 2021 (Sections 2) pages 12-13 and the School Infrastructure Management Unit (SIMU) at the MoE (see Annexes 3A and B).
  • All JSSs SHALL ensure all physical facilities are safe for all learners and disability friendly with auxiliary staff arrangements for
  • MoE SHALL facilitate establishment and acquisition of affordable physical and mobile labs as per the Standards for laboratories, Equipment and Materials in STEM schools and other Basic Education Institutions (2021).
  • MoE SHALL facilitate establishment of Home – Science rooms, Computer labs, as well as special rooms for implementation of practical subjects such as technology and visual performing arts.
  • Agriculture demonstration plots of JSSs SHALL be in conformance with to the Registration Guidelines for Basic Education Institutions (2021).
  • MoE and the JSS leadership SHALL provide adequate, clean and safe water at 5 litres per day per learner in day and 20 litres per learner in boarding JSSs).
  • All JSSs SHALL ensure water sources are sited away from human activities and waste disposal All water intakes SHALL be well protected as per the WHO Water Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low –Cost Settings (2009).
  • The JSS leadership SHALL seek professional advice on the siting, design and installation of concrete and masonry water tanks.
  • All JSSs SHALL ensure safe water storage, in accordance with the Standards and Guidelines for WASH Infrastructure in Pre-primary and Primary Schools in Kenya (2018).
  • The JSS leadership SHALL collaborate with the Department of Water to ensure that water is sampled and tested at least once annually in a certified water quality testing laboratory for appropriate intervention.
  • The JSS leadership SHALL ensure that water tanks are emptied and cleaned once annually with approved cleansing materials.
  • All JSSs SHALL provide adequate sanitation facilities at the ratio of 25:1 for girls; 30:1 for the boys. Separate sanitation SHOULD be provided for the staff as well as learners with special needs and disabilities, as stipulated in the Registration Guidelines for Basic Education Institutions 2021 (sections 12.3) pages 24-26.
  • All JSSs SHALL ensure pit latrines are located away from a bore hole, well or water supply point and general wind This SHOULD measure not less than 10ft deep, 3 ft across and not more than 25 cm diameter for the hole. In addition, pit latrines SHALL be regularly disinfected in accordance with the Standards and Guidelines for WASH Infrastructure in Pre-primary and Primary Schools in Kenya (2018).
  • ALL SNE JSSs SHALL ensure provision of adequate sanitation, adapted toilets and walk ways for the learners and stakeholders as per the PWD Act (2003).
  • All JSSs SHALL provide a variety of hand washing devices (including sinks with taps, buckets with taps, and basins with a pour-cup).
  • The JSS leadership SHALL make the best use of the available out door space to facilitate sports and leisure activities for all learners (including those with special needs and disabilities). This SHOULD take into consideration the acceptable safety standards.
  • The JSS leadership SHALL ensure electrical installations are checked regularly for safety by a qualified licensed electrician.
  • The JSS leadership SHALL ensure proper waste management systems and mechanisms are established and maintained.
  • All JSSs SHOULD ensure that potential waste streams are assessed and an appropriate disposal route established.
  • ALL JSSs SHALL establish a proper waste management
  • The JSS leadership SHALL ensure adherence to the Safety Standards Manual for Schools in Kenya (2008) in all matters pertaining to school transport, while considering learners with special needs and disabilities.
  • All JSSs SHALL provide a playground and those without adequate grounds SHALL lease a playground within a radius of 200 metres from the school, in accordance with the Registration Guidelines for Basic Institutions (2021).
  • JSSs SHALL be guided by the Framework for Infrastructure and Resource Sharing in sharing of playgrounds with the school This SHALL be coordinated by the MoE through the CDE (see annexes 1A &B).
  • The JSS leadership SHALL establish appropriate measures for emergency preparedness as per the National Building Regulations (2015).
  • The JSS leadership SHALL take appropriate measures to sensitize the learners, staff and non- teaching staff on disaster risk management, as per the National Building Regulations (2015).
  • The JSS leadership SHALL organize sensitization fora on fire emergency response, identify fire assembly points, and ensure that learners and staff undertake periodic fire drills.

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION PHYSICS NOTES

Chapter Three

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

Newton’s First Law

Newton’s first law, which states that a body remains in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force

Inertia

The property of bodies to resist change in state of motion is called inertia and it explains why cars have seat belts

Newton’s first law of motion suggests that matter has an in-built reluctance to change its state of motion or rest.

When a moving bus comes to an abrupt stop, the passengers lurch forward, i.e., tends to keep on moving. Likewise, when a bus surges forward, the passengers are jerked backwards, i.e., tend to resist motion. This property of bodies to resist change in state Of motion is called inertia and it explains why cars have seat belts

The mass of a body is a measure of its inertia. A larger mass requires a larger force to produce
a given acceleration or deceleration on it than a smaller mass. The larger mass therefore has a
greater inertia.

Newton’s first law of motion is also referred to as the law of inertia.

Momentum’

A heavy-commercial vehicle requires a greater tractive force to start it moving when loaded than when empty. Likewise, a greater braking force is needed to bring to rest a heavy commercial vehicle than a small passenger car travelling at the same velocity. The vehicles each have a quantity called momentum which depends on the mass and the velocity of the vehicle. In the foregoing illustration, the heavy commercial vehicle has a greater momentum than the small car.

The momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass and velocity. If m is the mass of a body in kg and v Its velocity in ms”, then;

momentum = mass (kg) x velocity (ms-1)

= mv

The SI unit of momentum is therefore kgms-1. Momentum is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. The direction of momentum is same as that of velocity of the body.

Example 1

A van of mass 3 metric tonnes is travelling at a velocity of 72 kmh-1. Calculate the momentum of the vehicle.

 

Example 2

A car is moving at 36 kmh-1. What velocities will double its momentum?

 

Newton’s Second Law

Newton’s second law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is’ directly proportional to the resultant external force producing the change, and takes place in the direction of the force. Thus; resultant force acting  rate of change of momentum.

If the forces acting on the body are in equilibrium (balanced), then the resultant force acting on the body is zero, hence no change in momentum. This implies that the body under this condition will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line (Newton’s first law).

Relation between Force, Mass and Acceleration

Consider a force F acting on a body of mass m for a time t. If its velocity changes from u to v, then;

 

 

change in momentum = final momentum – initial momentum
= mv-mu

 

:. Rate of change of momentum=

But acceleration a=

Hence, F mass x acceleration
So, F = krna, where k is a constant.

The Newton is that force which produces an acceleration of 1 ms-2 when it acts on a mass of 1 kg.
This definition gives; F = 1 N, a = 1 ms-2 and m = 1 kg.

Hence, substitution in F = kma leaves k = 1.

:. F=ma

Newton’s second law of motion can be verified by measuring the acceleration produced when various forces are applied to a frictionless trolley running on a friction-compensated runway. The trolley is taken to be of unit mass and the applied force is measured using identical elastic cords by taking the tension of the cord as a unit force when stretched by a certain
length.

Example 3

What is the mass of an object which is accelerated at 3 ms-2 by a force of 125 N

Example 4

A truck weighs 1.0 x 105N and is free to move. What force will give it an acceleration of 1.5 ms-2? (Take g = 10 Nkg-l)

Example5

A trolley of mass 1.5 kg is pulled along by an elastic cord and given an acceleration of2 ms-2. Find the frictional force acting on the trolley if the tension in the cord is 5 N.

Example 6

A car of mass 1 200 kg travelling at 45 ms-1 is brought to rest in 9 seconds. Calculate the average retardation of the car and the average force applied by the brakes.

 

Impulse

When a force acts on a body for a very short time, the force is referred to as an impulsive force.
The result produced is known as the impulse of the force. Impulsive forces occur when two moving bodies collide, e.g., when two cars collide head-on or when a hammer strikes a stationary metal plate.

If a force F acts on a body of mass m for a time t, then the impulse of the force or impulse is given by force x time.

That is, impulse = force x time
= Ft

From Newton’s second law;

F=

This can be rewritten as; Ft = mv – mu

Since mv – mu is the change in momentum produced in the body during the time t, the impulse of a force acting on a body during a given time interval is equal to the change in momentum produced in the body in that time.

The SI unit of impulse is Newton second (Ns).

Therefore, another unit of momentum is the Newton-second (Ns). Since the rate of change of momentum is equal to impulse, i.e., Ft = p,
F = /t. Thus, force can be defined as rate of change of momentum.

A plot of force F against time is as in figure 3.9. The area under the curve is Ft or change in momentum during collision.

 

 

 

Large impulsive force are produced when momentums of bodies change within a very short time.

For example, when the velocity of a car is suddenly brought down to zero in a collision, the impulsive force on the passengers is so great that it could be fatal.

Seat-belts and airbags help in safeguarding against severe injuries occasioned by inertial forward surge.

The same applies to collapsible bumpers and steering which also helps during head on collisions by cushioning impulsive forces during head-on collisions through collapsing.

Example 7

The graph in figure 3.10 shows the force on a tennis ball when served during a game. Find the mass of the racket with a velocity of 40 ms-1 (Assume the ball is stationary before it is struck)

 

 

 

 

Example 8

(a) Determine the change in momentum produced when a force of3.5 x 103 N acts on a body which is at rest for 0.02 seconds.

 

(b) What velocity will be given to the body if it has a mass of 20 kg?

Example 9

 

The valve of a gas cylinder containing 15 kg of compressed gas is opened and the cylinder empties in 1 hour and 20 minutes. If the gas issues from the exit nozzle with an average velocity of 30 ms -1, find the force exerted on the cylinder.

Example 10

A truck of mass 2 000 kg starts from rest on horizontal rails. Find the speed 3 seconds after starting if the tractive force by the engine is 1 000 N.

 

Example 11

A ball of mass 35 g travelling horizontally at 20 ms-1 strikes a wall at right angles and rebounds with a speed of 16 ms-1. Find the impulse exerted on the ball.

 

Newton’s Third Law

 

Newton’s third law of motion states action and reaction are equal and opposite.

The law tells us that forces do not occur singly but due to action and reaction, they occur in pairs.

As the floor is part of a large mass (earth), the acceleration produced on it is not noticeable.

The force due to gravity W is the action force while that acting normally upwards is the reaction
force R. Since there is no resultant motion;

R=W=mg

Note:

The action force is produced by the block of wood when its weight is exerted on the table. The reaction is the equal force exerted by the table top on the block of wood. Hence. ‘action always begs for a reaction!’

 

Weight of a Body in a Lift

 

A passenger in a lift (elevator) experience forces against the feet, depending on the direction of motion and the acceleration of the lift. Consider a body of mass m on a weighing machine in a lift.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM

The law of conservation of linear- momentum, which states that for a system of colliding bodies, the total linear momentum remains constant, provided no external forces act

Example 14

 

A body A of mass 5 kg moving with a velocity of 3 ms-1 collides head-on with another body B of mass 4 kg moving in the opposite direction at 6ms-1. If after the collision the bodies move together (coalesce), calculate the-common velocity v.

Example 15

A bullet of mass 0.005 kg is fired from a gun of mass 0.5 kg. If the muzzle velocity bullet is 350 ms-1, determine the recoil velocity of the gun.

 

Collisions

 

One common property of any system of colliding bodies that the total momentum is conserved.
After collision, bodies may:

 

(i) fuse and move together in one direction, .
(ii) separate and move in different directions, or,
(iii) separate and move in the same direction.

Elastic Collisions

An elastic collision is one in which both kinetic energy and momentums are conserved.

 

Inelastic Collisions

 

An inelastic collision is one in which momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not. The collision of lumps of plasticine or a bullet fired from a gun getting embedded into a block is cases of perfectly inelastic collisions. The characteristic of this type of collision is that after the collision:

(i) the total mass is the sum of the masses of the individual bodies.
(ii) the bodies end up with a common velocity.

In inelastic collisions, kinetic energy is lost because the bodies undergo some deformation.
Also, some of the energy is transformed to heat, sound or light.

Example 16

 

A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally at a speed of 100 ms -1 embeds itself in a block of wood of mass 990 g suspended from a light inextensible string so that it can swing freely.
Find:

(i) the velocity of the bullet and block immediately after collision.
(ii) the height through which the block rises.

Example 17

A minibus of mass 1 500 kg travelling at a constant velocity of  72 kmh-1 collides with a stationary car of mass 900 kg. The impact takes 2 seconds before the two move together at a constant velocity for 20 seconds. Calculate:

(a) the common velocity.

(b) the distance moved after the impact.
(c) the impulsive force.

(d) the change in kinetic energy.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some Applications of the Law of Conservation of Momentum
Rocket and Jet Propulsion

A rocket propels itself forward by forcing out its exhaust gases. The hot exhaust gases are pushed out of the exhaust nozzle at high velocity and gain momentum in one direction. The rocket thus gains an equal momentum in the opposite direction. The rate at which the momentum changes provides the forward thrust on the rocket.

Note:

The rocket engine uses liquid hydrogen as its fuel and ‘liquid oxygen for combustion. It moves faster in the outer space, where there is no air resistance, than in the earth’s atmosphere.

A jet engine works on the same principle as the rocket engine but requires air which provides oxygen for combustion. The jet engine also requires a large mass of air to push out of  its exhaust nozzles, so as to provide greater thrust.

The Garden Sprinkler

The garden sprinkler operates on the same principle as the engine discussed above. The pressure ;’ of the water in the pipe causes the water to be ejected through the nozzles at high velocity. The ejected water gains momentum and causes the sprinkler to rotate as in figure 3.24.

 

 

 

 

FRICTION

Friction is the resistance a body experience when it tend to move over another body

Static/ limiting friction is the maximum force between the surfaces before a body start moving

Sliding/ dynamic friction is the maximum force between the surfaces when the body is in motion

Molecular Explanation of Friction

smooth surfaces would look very rough when viewed under a powerful microscope.
This is due to some molecules on the surface lying on top of one another forming ‘tiny hills’.
The pressure at these points is quite enormous and the molecules making the ‘tiny hills’ which are in contact tend to stick together

For the bodies to move over each other work has to be done to overcome the interlocking between the ‘bumps’ and the ‘troughs’. The force opposing the work being done constitutes friction.

 

Laws of Friction

Experimental results on friction between solids are summed up under the following laws:
(i) Frictional force between two surfaces oppose their relative motion.

(ii) Frictional force is independent of the area of contact of the given surfaces when the normal reaction is constant.

(iii) . Frictional friction is directly proportional to the normal reaction R.
(iv) Kinetic friction is independent of relative velocity.

(v) Frictional force is dependent on the nature of the surfaces in contact.

From the third law above,

F

F=

Where  is the coefficient of friction

NB RESULTANT FORCE = FORCE APPLIED – FRICTION

Resultant force causes the body to accelerate

Example 18

A wooden box of mass 30 kg rests on a rough floor. The co-efficient of friction between the floor and the box is 0.6.

(a) Calculate the force required to just move the box.

(b) If a force of200 N is applied to the box, with what acceleration will it move? (Take g = 10 ms-2)

 

 

Example 19

A block of metal with a mass of 20 kg requires a horizontal force of 50 N to pull it with uniform velocity along a horizontal surface. Calculate the co-efficient of friction between the surface and the block. (Take g = 10 ms-2)

Methods of Minimising Friction

 

It may not be possible to achieve a completely frictionless surface, but friction can be greatly minimized using the following:

Rollers

 

Rollers are placed between two rough surfaces so that when one body is to slide, friction is reduced. Rollers may be placed between the floor and heavy crates to enable the crates to slide,

Rollers may also be used when a marine vessel is being launched. They work on the principle that rolling friction is less than sliding friction.

Ball Bearings

Ball bearings reduce the friction for rotating axles. They are used extensively in machinery and are made of hard steel to prevent wear

Grease must be used together with ball bearings to lubricate the rolling action.

 


Lubrication

This is the application of oil or grease between moving parts.

Air Cushion

 

Air cushioning is done by blowing air into the space between surfaces. This prevents the surface coming into contact. The hovercraft uses air cushion to move with greatly reduced frictional force. Also air cushion is used in air tracks to produce a frictionless runway

Applications of Friction
Walking

Walking is made easier by friction. Pavements are made rough and tyres treaded to increase friction.

Motor Vehicles

Rotating tyres push backwards against the road surface. Friction opposes this force and the resultant force enables the vehicle to move.

Brakes

Friction between the brake drum and the brake lining halts the vehicle.

Matchstick

Friction between the matchstick head and the rough surface develops heat, igniting the stick head.

Friction can also be a nuisance. It causes wear, tear and noise between moving parts of a system, hence the need for lubrication in machines. Friction also, causes energy loss since work has to be done against it.

VISCOSITY

It is more difficult to wade through water than to move the same distance in open air space.
A steel ball dropped in a cylinder full of glycerine takes longer to reach the bottom than when dropped into the cylinder full of water.

This frictional resistance to motion in fluids is called viscosity. It is defined as the force which opposes the relative motion between the layers of the fluid. Glycerine has higher viscosity than water.

Terminal Velocity

EXPERIMENT 3.5: To investigate the relationship between the viscous drag F and velocity v
Apparatus

Tall measuring cylinder (1 000 ml), ball bearing, glycerine, stop watch, metre rule, rubber bands.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Procedure

  • Fill the measuring cylinder with glycerine.
  • Fix narrow horizontal rubber bands labelled 1, 2, 3,4, 5 and 6 at equal intervals along the cylinder, as shown in figure 3.33.
  • Introduce a small ball bearing gently into the liquid (first dip the ball into glycerine).
  • Measure the time of fall from the surface to the band labelled 1.
  • Repeat for bands 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
  • Determine the time of fall between each pair of rubber bands, i.e., between land 2, 2 and 3,3 and 4, 4 and 5, and, 5 and 6.
  • Determine the velocity for each pair of bands and record the results in table 3.5.

Table 3.5

 

TIme of Distance between TIme between Velocity between
.fall to bands bands bands
level      
1 =      
2 = 1 and 2    
3 = 2 and 3    
4 = 3 and 4    
5 = 4and5    
6 = 5 and 6    
  • Plot a graph of velocity against time of fall.

Observation

The ball bearing moves with increasing velocity when released into the liquid. The velocity of the ball between bands 4, 5 and 6 appears not to change.

A plot of velocity against time is as shown in figure 3.34.

 

 

Explanation

The forces acting on the ball when it is moving in a liquid are:
(i) its weight mg, acting vertically downwards.

(ii) the viscous drag F due to the liquid, acting vertically upwards.
(iii) the upthrust U due to the liquid, acting vertically upwards.
These forces are shown in figure 3.35.

When the ball enters into the liquid, mg > F + U and the resultant downward force therefore accelerates the ball towards the bottom of the cylinder. The viscous drag F however increases with the velocity and soon mg becomes equal to upward force (F + U). The resultant force is now zero and the ball attains a steady velocity called terminal velocity vto The terminal velocity is the constant velocity attained when the sum of the upward forces equals the weight of the object falling in the fluid.

A plot of velocity against time for a body falling through different liquids is shown in figure 3.36.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stokes’Law

Stokes established that when a small object such as a steel sphere of radius r is dropped through a column of liquid and moves with a velocity v, it experiences a force which is directly proportional to:

(i) the radius r of the sphere.
(Ii) the velocity v of the sphere.

So, F  rv. Hence, F = krv, where k is a constant.

Stokes found that k=6 where 11 is called the co-efficient of viscosity.
:. F = 6

This is the expression for Stokes’ law. The law holds when:

(i) the radius of the ball is small compared to the extent of liquid surface.
(ii) the ball does not create turbulence in the liquid as it falls.

KMTC Certificate in Kenya Enrolled Community Health Nursing: Requirements, Fees, Intakes and Campuses

KMTC Certificate in Kenya Enrolled Community Health Nursing: Requirements, Fees, Intakes and Campuses

CERTIFICATE IN KENYA ENROLLED COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
HEALTH SCIENCES & RELATED

 
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CERTIFICATE IN KENYA ENROLLED COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING


MINIMUM ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

MINIMUM MEAN GRADE C-
NOTE: A subject may only be considered ONCE in this section

MINIMUM SUBJECT REQUIREMENTS

SUBJECT 1 ENG / KIS C-
SUBJECT 2 BIO / BSC C-
SUBJECT 3 MAT A / PHY / CHE / PSC D+

AVAILABLE PROGRAMMES

INSTITUTION INSTITUTION TYPE PROGRAMME CODE PROGRAMME NAME YEAR 1 – PROGRAMME COST 2022 CUT-OFF 2021 CUT-OFF 2020 CUT-OFF
KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE – GARISSA CAMPUS 4765K23 CERTIFICATE IN KENYA ENROLLED COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING KSH 82,200
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