<p><strong> FORM </strong><strong>3 </strong><strong>GEOGRAPHY CONTEST PAPER </strong></p>
<p><strong>TIME: 2: 00 HRS</strong></p>
<p><u>INSTRUCTION TO THE CANDIDATES </u></p>
<p><em>This paper contains five sections</em></p>
<p><em>Answer all questions in this paper in the answer sheet provided</em></p>
<p>Answer all the questions in English</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION A : (PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-STRUCTURED)</u></strong><strong>(20 MARKS)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>(a) What is equinox ? (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(b) State <strong>two </strong>reasons for high temperatures in the interior of the earth (2 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>(a) Name <strong>two</strong> features formed due to earth movements. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>(b) Outline <strong>three</strong> evidences supporting continental drift theory (3 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="3">
<li>Name <strong><u>three</u></strong> features resulting from extrusive volcanic activity. (3marks)</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>(a) Define weathering. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>(b) List<strong> two</strong> types of weathering. (2 marks)</p>
<ol start="5">
<li>Use the diagram below to answer question (a)</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a) Identify the features labelled <strong>S </strong>and <strong>T </strong> (2 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(b) Name <strong>two</strong> types of river erosion (2 marks)</p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong> <u> SECTION B: MAP WORK (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<ol start="6">
<li>Study the map of <strong>Kijabe 1:50,000</strong> provided and answer the following questions.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a)(i) Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by map. (2 marks)</p>
<p>(ii) Name <strong>two</strong> types of scale used in the map (2 marks)</p>
<p>(iii) Identify <strong>two</strong> human features at grid square 3699 (2 marks)</p>
<p>(b) Name <strong>three</strong> types of natural vegetation in the area covered by map. (3 marks)</p>
<p>(c ) Draw a rectangle 8cm by 6 cm to represent area bound by Easting 30 and 34 and Northing 90 and 93. (2 marks)</p>
<p>On it mark and label.</p>
<ul>
<li> (1mark)</li>
<li>All weather road bound surface. (1 mark)</li>
<li> (1 mark)</li>
</ul>
<p>(d) Describe the relief of the area covered by map. (5 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong> <u>SECTION C: STATISTICS (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol start="7">
<li>The table below shows the forest products of different countries in Kenya between 2009 and 2011 in tones.</li>
</ol>
<p>Use it to answer the questions below.</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="209"><strong>COUNTY</strong></td>
<td width="209"><strong>2009</strong></td>
<td width="209"><strong>2010</strong></td>
<td width="209"><strong>2011</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">UASIN GISHU</td>
<td width="209">320</td>
<td width="209">340</td>
<td width="209">380</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">KAKAMEGA</td>
<td width="209">260</td>
<td width="209">280</td>
<td width="209">300</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">BOMET</td>
<td width="209">200</td>
<td width="209">240</td>
<td width="209">280</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">KERICHO</td>
<td width="209">300</td>
<td width="209">350</td>
<td width="209">370</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a ) (i) . Use a scale 1 cm represents 100 tonnes to draw a compound bar to represent the above data. (8 marks)</p>
<p>(ii) Give <strong>three</strong> advantages of using compound bar graphs as a method of data presentation (3 marks)</p>
<p>(b) (i) What is agroforestry? (2 marks)</p>
<p>(ii) Give <strong>three</strong> reasons why the government is encouraging agroforestry in Kenya.</p>
<p>(3 marks)</p>
<p>(c ) State <strong>four</strong> factors favouring development of softwoods in Kenya. (4 marks)</p>
<p><strong><u> SECTION D: PHOTOGRAPH WORK (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol start="8">
<li>Study the photograph shown and answer the questions that follow</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>(i) Identify the type of photograph (1 mark)</li>
<li>Draw a rectangle 10cm by 6cm to represent the main features in the photograph. (5 marks)</li>
<li>(i) Name the type of mining shown above. (1 mark)</li>
</ul>
<p>(ii) Explain <strong>three</strong> effects of this type of mining to the environment. (6 marks)</p>
<p>(c ) (i) Name <strong>three</strong> areas of gold mining in South Africa. (3 marks)</p>
<p>(ii) State <strong>four</strong> significance of gold mining to the economy of South Africa. (4 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION E: CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND FIELD WORK) (20MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol start="9">
<li>(a ) i) Give <strong>three</strong> characteristics of convectional rainfall. ( 3 marks)</li>
<li> ii) Name <strong>two</strong> instruments kept in a Stevenson screen (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>(b). (i) State <strong>three</strong> characteristics of climate experienced in the Kenya Highlands. (3 marks)</p>
<p>(ii) List <strong>two</strong> greenhouse gases. ( 2 marks)</p>
<p>(c ) (i) Outline <strong>four</strong> characteristics of the dominant natural vegetation in the Narok region. (3 marks)</p>
<p>(ii) Describe the characteristics of coniferous forests. (4 marks)</p>
<p>(d ) You intend to carry out fieldwork in a forested area:</p>
<ul>
<li>State <strong>two</strong> objectives you might formulate for the study. (2 marks)</li>
<li>Give <strong>one</strong> reason for drawing a time schedule. ( 1 mark)</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<p><strong> FORM THREE GEOGRAPHY </strong></p>
<p><strong> MARKING SCHEME </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION A : (PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-STRUCTURED)</u></strong><strong>(20 MARKS)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>(a) What is equinox ? (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>is the date when the sun is overhead at the equator at mid day</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(b) State <strong>two </strong>reasons for high temperatures in the interior of the earth (2 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>The interior of the earth cooled slowly after breaking away from the sun hence retained much of its original temperatures</em></li>
<li><em>The weight of the overlying materials / layers exerts pressure on the core resulting in high temperatures</em></li>
<li><em>Radioactivity taking place within the earth releases a lot of energy in form of heat<strong>(2 x 1 = 2mks). </strong></em></li>
</ul>
<p><em> </em></p>
<ol start="2">
<li>(a) Name <strong>two</strong> features formed due to earth movements. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Fold mountains</em></li>
<li><em>Formation of trenches </em></li>
<li><em>Mid-ocean ridges </em></li>
</ul>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>(b) Outline <strong>three</strong> evidences supporting continental drift theory (3 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>paleontological evidence(similar fosills </em></li>
<li><em>Jigsaw fit of continental margins </em></li>
<li><em>Geological evidence /similarity in rocks </em></li>
<li><em>Paleoclimatic evidence </em></li>
<li><em>Biological evidence </em></li>
<li><em>Sea floor spreading</em></li>
<li><em>Evidences of continental drift</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li>Name <strong><u>three</u></strong> features resulting from extrusive volcanic activity. (3marks)</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Composite cones</em></li>
<li><em>Lava domes</em></li>
<li><em>Plug domes</em></li>
<li><em>Spine / volcano plug</em></li>
<li><em>Hot springs and geysers</em></li>
<li><em>Lava plateau</em></li>
<li><em>Crater / caldera</em></li>
<li><em>Ash and cinder cones.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="4">
<li>(a) Define weathering. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p><em>Weathering is mechanical breakdown or chemical decay of rocks in situ (without movement)</em></p>
<p>(b) List<strong> two</strong> types of weathering. (2 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Mechanical /physical</em></li>
<li><em>Biological /biotic</em></li>
<li><em>Chemical weathering</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="5">
<li>Use the diagram below to answer question (a)</li>
</ol>
<p>(a) Identify the features labeled <strong>S </strong>and <strong>T </strong> (2 marks)</p>
<p><strong><em>S-resistant rock cap/horizontal rock</em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>T-Plunge pool</em></strong></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(b) Name <strong>two</strong> types of river erosion (2 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Head ward erosion /Spring sapping </em></li>
<li><em>Lateral erosion</em></li>
<li><em>Vertical erosion </em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="6">
<li>Study the map of <strong>Kijabe 1:50,000</strong> provided and answer the following questions.</li>
</ol>
<p>(a)(i) Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by map. (2 marks</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li>36 <sup>0</sup> 30’E to 36 <sup>0</sup> 45’ E <sub>=</sub>15’</li>
</ul>
<p>(ii) Name <strong>two</strong> types of scale used in the map (2 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><em>Linear scale</em></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong><em>ratio scale.</em></strong></p>
<p>(iii) Identify <strong>two</strong> human features at grid square 3699 (2 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li>Houses</li>
<li>Dry weather</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(b) Name <strong>three</strong> types of natural vegetation in the area covered by map. (3 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li>Wood land</li>
<li>Bamboo</li>
<li>Scrub</li>
<li>Thickets</li>
<li>Forests</li>
<li>Scattered trees</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(c ) Draw a rectangle 8cm by 6 cm to represent area bound by Easting 30 and 34 and Northing 90 and 93. (2 marks)</p>
<p>On it mark and label.</p>
<ul>
<li>(1mark)</li>
<li>All weather road bound surface. (1 mark)</li>
<li>(1 mark)</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong>A RECTANGLE SHOWING THE BY AREA BOUND BY EASTING 30AND 34 AND NORTHING 90 AND 93</strong></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(d) Describe the relief of the area covered by map. (5 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>The area covered by the map has conical hills eg Kijabe hill </em></li>
<li><em>The area covered by the map has escarpment .</em></li>
<li><em>The area covered by the map has valleys eg Ewaso Kedong Valley </em></li>
<li><em>The area covered by the map has many river valleys .</em></li>
<li><em>The highest point in the area covered by the map is 2660m and the lowest is 1720m </em></li>
<li><em>The land is flat around the plantations in the northern part of the map</em></li>
<li><em>The Eastern part of the area covered by the map is gently sloppy this is evidenced by wide spread contours</em></li>
<li><em>The area has steep slopes on the north eastern part </em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong> <u>SECTION C: STATISTICS (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol start="7">
<li>The table below shows the forest products of different countries in Kenya between 2009 and 2011 in tones.</li>
</ol>
<p>Use it to answer the questions below.</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="209"><strong>COUNTY</strong></td>
<td width="209"><strong>2009</strong></td>
<td width="209"><strong>2010</strong></td>
<td width="209"><strong>2011</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">UASIN GISHU</td>
<td width="209">320</td>
<td width="209">340</td>
<td width="209">380</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">KAKAMEGA</td>
<td width="209">260</td>
<td width="209">280</td>
<td width="209">300</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">BOMET</td>
<td width="209">200</td>
<td width="209">240</td>
<td width="209">280</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="209">KERICHO</td>
<td width="209">300</td>
<td width="209">350</td>
<td width="209">370</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a ) (i) . Use a scale 1 cm represents 100 tonnes to draw a compound bar to represent the above data. (8 marks)</p>
<p>(ii) Give <strong>three</strong> advantages of using compound bar graphs as a method of data presentation (3 marks)</p>
<p><em>The create a good visual impression</em></p>
<p><em>The can be used to show many commodities</em></p>
<p><em>It is used where there is need for comparison</em></p>
<p>(b) (i) What is agroforestry? (2 marks)</p>
<p>is a land use system, which enables the production of trees, crops and livestock on a given unit of land either in spatial arrangement</p>
<p>(ii) Give <strong>three</strong> reasons why the government is encouraging agroforestry in Kenya.</p>
<p>(3 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(c ) State <strong>four</strong> factors favouring development of softwoods in Kenya. (4 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Cool climate in the Kenya highlands for tree growth</em></li>
<li><em>Fertile soils-Volcanic soils within the Kenya highlands</em></li>
<li><em>High precipitation ranging between 1000-2000 which favours growth of trees</em></li>
<li><em>Rugged landscape in some areas which discourages settlements and agriculture leaving growing of trees as the only alternative</em></li>
<li><em>Varied altitude which favours growth of different types of trees due to varied temperatures and rainfall</em></li>
<li><em>Creation of forests reserves which enables forests to develop without interference form humans</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u> SECTION D: PHOTOGRAPH WORK (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol start="8">
<li>Study the photograph shown and answer the questions that follow</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>(i) Identify the type of photograph (1 mark)</li>
<li><strong>ground general view</strong></li>
<li>Draw a rectangle 10cm by 6cm to represent the main features in the photograph. (5 marks)</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>A SKETCH OF THE PHOTOGRAPH</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li>(i) Name the type of mining shown above. (1 mark)</li>
<li><em>open cast mining </em></li>
</ul>
<p>(ii) Explain <strong>three</strong> effects of this type of mining to the environment. (6 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>The land is left with gaping quarries which are ugly and interferes with the beauty of land. √</em></li>
<li><em>The heaps of rocks hinder any other forms of land use. √ </em></li>
<li><em>The clearing of land before extraction of minerals exposes it to soil erosion. √</em></li>
<li><em>dust produced is a health hazard and pollutes the atmosphere. √</em></li>
<li><em>It causes shortage of land as people are displaced. √</em></li>
<li><em>Open cast mines create ponds which become habitat for disease vectors. √</em></li>
<li><em>It destroys the natural vegetation. √</em></li>
<li><em>Large scale blasting of rocks leads to instability of the basement rocks. √ 6marks.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(c ) (i) Name <strong>three</strong> areas of gold mining in South Africa. (3 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>The Rand/Witwatersrand.</em></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li><em>Orange Free State. </em></li>
</ul>
<p>(ii) State <strong>four</strong> significance of gold mining to the economy of South Africa. (4 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>It earns Republic of South Africa foreign exchange through exports.</em></li>
<li><em>It’s a major source of employment thus helping raise the living standards. </em></li>
<li><em>It has led to widespread urbanization contributing to the formation of conurbation in the Rand.</em></li>
<li><em>The profit accrued from gold has been used to develop infrastructure- roads, railways, and social amenities.</em></li>
<li><em>It has led to the development of industries in the Orange Free State and Trans-vaal. </em></li>
</ul>
<p><strong><u>SECTION E: CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND FIELD WORK) (20MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol start="9">
<li>(a ) i) Give <strong>three</strong> characteristics of convectional rainfall. ( 3 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Occurs in the afternoon </em></li>
<li><em>Is short lived </em></li>
<li><em>Occurs in large drops</em></li>
<li><em>Is Torrential</em></li>
<li><em>Is accompanied by thunder and lightning </em></li>
<li><em>Usually accompanied by hailstones </em></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>ii) Name <strong>two</strong> instruments kept in a Stevenson screen (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>Thermometer </strong></li>
<li><strong>Hygrometer </strong></li>
</ul>
<p>(b). (i) State <strong>three</strong> characteristics of climate experienced in the Kenya Highlands. (3 marks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Temperature ranges between 17<sup>0</sup>C to 24<sup>0</sup>C</em></li>
<li><em>Annual rainfall totals are between 1000mm – 1500mm</em></li>
<li><em>Humidity is moderate </em></li>
<li><em>Annual range of temperature is 3<sup>0</sup>C to 5<sup>0</sup>C</em></li>
<li><em>Coolest months are between June and August the rest are warm</em></li>
<li><em>Orographic / relief rainfall is experienced</em></li>
<li><em>Has double maxima rainfall regime. </em></li>
<li><em>Rainfall occurs throughout the year (long rains between March and May, short rains between September and December )</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(ii) List <strong>two</strong> greenhouse gases. ( 2 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)</em></li>
<li><em>Chlorofluorocarbons (CFS)</em></li>
<li><em>Methane</em></li>
<li><em>Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(c ) (i) Outline <strong>four</strong> characteristics of the dominant natural vegetation in the Narok region. (3 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Consist of a mixture of trees and grass.</em></li>
<li><em>Grass is the dominant type of vegetation of the savanna./ Grass dominates the vegetation</em></li>
<li><em>Most of the trees are umbrella-shaped.</em></li>
<li><em>The common tree species are acacia, baobab, palms and ceiba.</em></li>
<li><em>Some trees are stunted barks and are drought resistant.</em></li>
<li><em>Most of the trees shade their leaves during the dry season and the grass withers and dry up.</em></li>
<li><em>Some of the trees have long tap roots which develop in the ground.</em></li>
<li><em>Some of the trees like baobab have thick stems.</em></li>
<li><em>Along some river valleys there are tall trees and thick bush /River valleys have tall trees and thick bushes/ riverine vegetation</em></li>
<li><em>In the wetter areas the grass is tall and close together</em></li>
<li><em>The grass dominates the undergrowth ( in the woodlands)</em></li>
<li><em>In the drier areas, the grass is shorter and tufted</em></li>
<li><em>The trees are shorter more scattered</em></li>
<li><em>During the wet season, the grass withers away/ trees shed their leaves/trees are deciduous</em></li>
<li><em>During the dry season, the grass sprouts and the dormant seeds germinate.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(ii) Describe the characteristics of coniferous forests. (4 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Trees respond to harsh climatic conditions which include cold winters, </em><em>cool summers and high summer rainfall. </em></li>
<li><em>Trees have needle leaves that help to reduce transpiration.</em></li>
<li><em>Trees have a conical structure which helps in stability during strong winds and </em><em> also in dripping snow to the ground. </em></li>
<li><em>Trees have deep roots that spread out widely to absorb maximum amount of water. </em></li>
<li><em>Trees have great uniform stands with little undergrowth. </em></li>
<li><em>The forest species are generally few, covering large tracks of land. </em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(d ) You intend to carry out fieldwork in a forested area:</p>
<ul>
<li>State <strong>two</strong> objectives you might formulate for the study. (2 marks)</li>
<li><em>To find out the uses of the vegetation in the tropical rain forest.</em></li>
<li><em>To identify the plant species in the forest.</em></li>
<li><em>To investigate the influence of aspect on vegetation.</em></li>
<li><em>To determine the relationship between attitude and vegetation. </em></li>
<li>Give <strong>one</strong> reason for drawing a time schedule. ( 1 mark)</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>To ensure proper time management and reduce tendency of wasting time.</em></li>
<li><em>To ensure that all important areas are adequately covered.</em></li>
<li><em>Ensures that the researcher remains on course.</em></li>
<li><em>It is a pointer as to how much time will be required for the study.</em></li>
</ul>

