<h2><strong>SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS</strong></h2>
<h2><strong><u>PAST KCSE QUESTION ON THE TOPIC</u></strong></h2>
<ol>
<li>The diagram below represents in a mammalian bone</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a) State the function of the part labeled K and L ( 2 marks)</p>
<p>(b) State the region of the body in which the bone is found ( 1 mark)</p>
<ol>
<li>State two ways in which skeletal muscle fibres are adapted to the function</li>
</ol>
<p>( 2 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li>The diagram below shows the arrangement of bones and muscles in a human arm.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(i) Name the parts of the bone labeled K ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(ii) How do the muscles work to extend the arm? ( 3 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li>State three structural differences between biceps muscles and muscles of the gut</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="132"> ;</td>
<td width="153">Biceps</td>
<td width="150">Gut muscles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="132">(i)</p>
<p>(ii)</p>
<p>(iii)</p>
<p>(iv)</td>
<td width="153"> ;</td>
<td width="150"> ;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ol>
<li></li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a) Name the bone ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(b) Name the type of joint formed by the bone at its anterior end with the adjacent bone ( 1 mark)</p>
<ol>
<li>Give a reason why the lumbar vertebrae have long and abroad transverse processes ( 2 marks)</li>
<li> (a) Name the three types of skeletons found in multicellular animals</li>
</ol>
<p>( 3 marks)</p>
<p>(b) Describe how the cervical, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are suited to their</p>
<p>functions ( 17 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li>A bone obtained from a mammal is represented by the diagram below</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a) Name the bone ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(b) Which bones articulate with the bone shown in the diagram at the notch?</p>
<p>( 2 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li> (a) Name the cartilage between the bones of the vertebral column</li>
</ol>
<p>( 1 mark)]</p>
<p>(b) State the function of the cartilage in (a) above ( 1 mark)</p>
<ol>
<li>How are xylem vessels adapted for support? ( 1 mark)</li>
<li>The diagram below represents bones at a joint found in the hind limb of a mammal</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a) Name the bones labeled X, Y, and Z ( 3 marks)</p>
<p>X _______________________</p>
<p>Y _______________________</p>
<p>Z _______________________</p>
<p>(b) (i) Name the substance found in the place labeled W ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(ii) State the function of the substance named in (b) (i) above</p>
<p>(c) Name the structure that joins the bones together at the joint ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(d) State the differences between ball and socket joint and the one illustrated in the diagram above ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(e) Name the structure at the elbow that performs the same functions as the patella ( 1 mark)</p>
<ol>
<li> (a) State a characteristic that is common to all cervical vertebrae</li>
</ol>
<p>(b) Name two tissues in plants that provide mechanical support ( 2 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li> (a) Name the three types of muscles found in mammals and give an example</li>
</ol>
<p>of where each on of them is found</p>
<p>(b) State the difference between ball and socket and hinge joint ( 1 mark)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol>
<li>State three functions of an insects exoskeleton (3 marks)</li>
<li>State the function of the following fins of a fish</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Dorsal fin ( 1 mark)</li>
</ul>
<p>(b) Pectoral and pelvic fins ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(c) Caudal fin ( 1 mark)</p>
<ol>
<li>State the diagnostic features of the cardiac muscles ( 3 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>The following figure is a part of a pelvic girdle known as the innominate bone</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a) Make a complete drawing of the girdle ( 1 mark)</p>
<p>(b) Name the bones that articulate with the pelvic girdle. In each case name the part that articulates with ( 2 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li>Distinguish between tendons and ligaments ( 2 marks)</li>
<li>Explain what antagonistic muscles are and give an example ( 4 marks)</li>
<li>(a) Name three types of strengthening tissues found in plants ( 3 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>(b) Explain how the tissue in (a) above are adapted to their functions</p>
<p>( 3 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li>(a) Name the three main types of joint ( 3 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>(b) Give an example of where each type of joint name in (a) above is found in the human body ( 3 marks)</p>
<ol>
<li>What makes young herbaceous plant remain upright? ( 2 marks)]</li>
<li>Name three types of muscles found in the human body, state where each type is located and how each is adapted to its functions. ( 12 marks)</li>
</ol>

