<p><strong>NAME:………………………………………….. INDEX NO…………………………</strong><br />
<strong>SCHOOL:……………………………………… CANDIDATE’S SIGN ……………..</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE ………………………………</strong></p>
<p>443/1</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 1</strong></p>
<p><strong>Time: 2 Hours</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>MOCKS 1 2023</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong><em>Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)</em></strong></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>443/1</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 1</strong></p>
<p>2023<br />
<strong>Time: 2 Hours<br />
</strong><br />
<strong><u>INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES </u></strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above</li>
<li>Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.</li>
<li>This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C</li>
<li>Answer all the questions in section A and B and any <strong><u>two </u></strong>questions from section C</li>
<li>Answers should be written in the spaces provided.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>For Examiner’s Use Only</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90"><strong>Section</strong></td>
<td width="148"><strong>Question</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Maximum Score</strong></td>
<td width="242"><strong>Candidate’s Score</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">A</td>
<td width="148">1 – 16</td>
<td width="200">30</td>
<td width="242"> ;</p>
<p> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">B</td>
<td width="148">17-20</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">C</td>
<td width="148">21-23</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"> ;</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"><strong>Total Score</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>90</strong></td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION A (30 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>(Answer all the questions from this section</em></strong><strong>)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>State <strong>two</strong> causes of hard pan in the farm. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>State <strong>four</strong> information contained in a delivery note. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..</p>
<ol start="3">
<li>Give <strong>four</strong> advantages of using certified seeds in crop production. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>Give <strong>four</strong>disadvantages of minimum tillage. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="5">
<li>State <strong>four</strong> conditions under which shifting cultivation is practiced. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="6">
<li>Give <strong>four</strong> importance of sub-soiling. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="7">
<li>State <strong>three</strong> conditions under which opportunity cost is zero. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<ol start="8">
<li>State <strong>four</strong> methods of harvesting water on the farm. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="9">
<li>Name <strong>three</strong> basis on which the classification of fertilizers is done. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> narks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<ol start="10">
<li>Outline <strong>four</strong> advantages of land reforms in Kenya. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<ol start="11">
<li>State <strong>two</strong> causes of forking in carrots. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="12">
<li>(a). State <strong>three</strong> types of capital. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2 </sub>marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<p>(b). Apart from capital, state other <strong>three</strong> factors of production. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<ol start="13">
<li>State <strong>four</strong> reasons for conserving forage. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<ol start="14">
<li>State <strong>four</strong> factors that affect the efficiency of herbicides. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<ol start="15">
<li>Give <strong>four</strong> scientific aspects of agriculture. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<ol start="16">
<li>Name <strong>four</strong> methods of harvesting trees in agroforestry. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION B (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>(Answer all the questions from this section</em></strong><strong>)</strong></p>
<ol start="17">
<li>Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.</li>
<li>a) Name the method of irrigation illustrated above. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>b) State <strong>two</strong> advantages of this method of irrigation. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>c) Give <strong>four</strong> factors which determine the choice of type of irrigation to use. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="18">
<li>The diagram below shows a common weed in the farm. Study it and answer the questions that follow.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<ol>
<li>Identify the weed shown above. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………..</p>
<ol>
<li>State one harmful effect of the weed to cereals. (1 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>Give <strong>three</strong> ways that can be used to control the weed. (3 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="19">
<li>The diagram below showsirish tubers after being subjected to some conditions before transplanting. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.</li>
</ol>
<p>(a). Name the process of potato treatment illustrated above. (1 mark)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(b). State <strong>two</strong> conditions necessary for the above process. (2 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(c). Give <strong>two</strong> reasons for carrying out the above practice. (2 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="20">
<li>Students were to apply a compound fertilizer 5:20:10 on their agriculture plot measuring 3 m by 4 m, at the rate of 200kg per hectare.</li>
</ol>
<p>(a). Calculate the amount of fertilizer they would require for each plot. (Show your working). (2 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(b). What do figures 20 and 10 in the fertilizer stand for? (2 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(c) Give two methods of soil sampling. (1 mark)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION C (40 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<p><strong>(Answer any two questions from this section)</strong></p>
<ol start="21">
<li>(a) Describe ways in which cultural measures control crop diseases (8mks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(b) Describe seven nursery practices carried out while seedlings are still growing.</p>
<p>(7marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(c)State the qualities of a good farm manager. (5marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="22">
<li>a) Describe the field production of bulb onions under the following sub headings.</li>
<li>Ecological requirements. (4marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>Planting. (3marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ul>
<li>Harvesting. (3marks)</li>
</ul>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(b). Discuss six reasons for pruning in coffee. (6 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(c). Highlight four characteristics of plants used as green manure. (4 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="23">
<li>(a). Briefly explain <strong>six</strong> factors influencing mass wasting. (6 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(b). Describe the procedure of harvesting sugar cane. (6 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(c). Describe four ways in which soil depth influences crop production. (8 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p><strong>NAME:………………………………………….. INDEX NO…………………………</strong><br />
<strong>SCHOOL:……………………………………… CANDIDATE’S SIGN ……………..</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE ………………………………</strong></p>
<p>443/2</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 2</strong><br />
<strong>Time: 2 Hours</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong></p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>MOCKS 1 2023</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong><em>Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)</em></strong></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>443/2</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 2</strong></p>
<p>2023<br />
<strong>Time: 2 Hours</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES </u></strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above</li>
<li>Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.</li>
<li>This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C</li>
<li>Answer all the questions in section A and B and any <strong><u>two </u></strong>questions from section C</li>
<li>Answers should be written in the spaces provided.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>For Examiner’s Use Only</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90"><strong>Section</strong></td>
<td width="148"><strong>Question</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Maximum Score</strong></td>
<td width="242"><strong>Candidate’s Score</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">A</td>
<td width="148">1 – 20</td>
<td width="200">30</td>
<td width="242"> ;</p>
<p> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">B</td>
<td width="148">21-24</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">C</td>
<td width="148">25-27</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"> ;</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"><strong>Total Score</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>90</strong></td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION A (30 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>(Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided)</em></strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Name<strong><u> two </u></strong>kinds of livestock which can be castrated using a rubber ring. (1mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>Define the term “breach of birth” as used in livestock production. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="3">
<li>a) Name the camel breed that is adapted to cooler regions and has a wooly body covering. ( mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>…….………………………………………………………………………………………..</p>
<ol>
<li>b) Give <strong><u>three</u></strong> ways used to improve production in indigenous cattle. ( mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>Give <strong><u>four</u></strong> methods of administering vaccines to livestock. (2marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="5">
<li>State <strong><u>two</u></strong> uses of bedding materials in a poultry house in deep litter system. (1mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="6">
<li>Give any <strong><u>two</u></strong>pairs of livestock tools which are always used together. (1mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="7">
<li>List <strong><u>two</u></strong> types of feed additives. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="8">
<li>State<strong><u> three</u></strong> factors that may lead to dip wash being exhausted or weakened while in the dip tank. ( marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="9">
<li>State <strong><u>four</u></strong> practices which are carried out to control mastitis in lactating cows.</li>
</ol>
<p>(2marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="10">
<li>Give<strong><u>two</u></strong> signs of heat in rabbits. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..</p>
<ol start="11">
<li>State<strong><u> four </u></strong>maintenance practices carried out on the water-cooling system of a tractor</li>
</ol>
<p>(2marks)</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………&#8230;</p>
<ol start="12">
<li>State<strong><u> four </u></strong>observations on the behavior of chicks which would indicate that the temperature in the brooder is too high. (2marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………&#8230;</p>
<ol start="13">
<li>Highlights <strong><u>four</u></strong> desirable characteristics that should be considered when selecting a heifer for milk production. (2marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………&#8230;</p>
<ol start="14">
<li>Give <strong><u>four</u></strong> functions of calcium in dairy cows. (2marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………&#8230;</p>
<ol start="15">
<li>Name <strong><u>two</u></strong> notifiable diseases in cattle. (1mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="16">
<li>State any <strong><u>two</u></strong> channels through which beef is marketed in Kenya. (1mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="17">
<li>State <strong><u>four</u></strong> factors that may influence the pulse rate of a sheep. (2marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="18">
<li>List <strong><u>three</u></strong> properties of concrete that make it suitable for constructing farm building.</li>
</ol>
<p>(1 mark)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="19">
<li>Give <strong><u>four</u></strong> reasons why breeding boar may be culled. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………&#8230;</p>
<ol start="20">
<li>Give <strong><u>two</u></strong> functions of a footbath in a plunge cattle dip. (1mark)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION B (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>(Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided)</em></strong></p>
<ol start="21">
<li>The diagram below represents an implement.</li>
</ol>
<p>(i) Identify the implement. (1 mark)</p>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(ii)Name the parts labelled U and V and give one function of each. (2 marks)</p>
<p>U………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>V………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(iii)State two ways of adjusting the depth of ploughingwhen using the implement. (2 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="22">
<li>Study the diagram of an egg below and answer the questions that follow.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<ol>
<li>Name the parts labeled O, and P (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>O …………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>P ……………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>State the functions of the parts M and L. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>M</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>L</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>iii) Why should the egg be turned during incubation. (1mark)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="23">
<li>Below is an illustration of a farm structure.</li>
</ol>
<p>a)Identify the structure above. (1mark)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>b)State <strong>Six</strong> livestock routine practices which may be carried out in the structure above (3marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>c)Give <strong>Two</strong> maintenance practices which should be carried out in the structureabove. (1mark)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="24">
<li>The diagram below shows the farm equipment. Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(a) Name the parts labeled A, B and C (3 marks)</p>
<p>A………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>B………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>C………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(b) State the use of the equipment shown above. (1 mark) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(c) Give one maintenance practice carried out on the equipment. (1 mark) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION C</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>(Answer any two questions in this section on the spaces provided)</em></strong></p>
<ol start="25">
<li>a) Describe the live cycle of a named tapeworm (<em>Taeniaspp</em>). (10marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>b) Describe the management practices that would ensure maximum yield of fish in a fish pond. (5marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>c) Explain <strong><u>five</u></strong> functions of water in nutrition. (5marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="26">
<li>(a) Discuss the management of layers from one day old to the start of laying in a deep litter system. (l0 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(b) State any<strong><u>five</u></strong> advantages of using animal power in the farm. (5 marks)</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(c) Describe <strong><u>five</u></strong>importance of keeping animals healthy. (5 marks)</p>
<p>………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol start="27">
<li>Discuss mastitis disease under the following subheading:</li>
</ol>
<p>(i) Causal organism (1 mark)</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(ii) Predisposing factors (4 marks)</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(iii) Symptoms (4 marks)</p>
<p>…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>(iv) Control and treatment (3 marks)</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<ol>
<li>b) Explain <strong><u>eight</u></strong> factors that affect milk composition in dairy farming. (8 marks)</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p><strong>NAME:………………………………………….. INDEX NO…………………………</strong><br />
<strong>SCHOOL:……………………………………… CANDIDATE’S SIGN ……………..</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE ………………………………</strong></p>
<p>443/1</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE MARKING SCHEME</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 1</strong><br />
<strong>Time: 2 Hours</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong></p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>MOCKS 1 2023</p>
<p><strong><em>Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)</em></strong></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>443/1</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 1</strong></p>
<p>2023<br />
<strong>Time: 2 Hours</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES </u></strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above</li>
<li>Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.</li>
<li>This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C</li>
<li>Answer all the questions in section A and B and any <strong><u>two </u></strong>questions from section C</li>
<li>Answers should be written in the spaces provided.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>For Examiner’s Use Only</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90"><strong>Section</strong></td>
<td width="148"><strong>Question</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Maximum Score</strong></td>
<td width="242"><strong>Candidate’s Score</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">A</td>
<td width="148">1 – 16</td>
<td width="200">30</td>
<td width="242"> ;</p>
<p> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">B</td>
<td width="148">17-20</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">C</td>
<td width="148">21-23</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"> ;</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"><strong>Total Score</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>90</strong></td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION A (30 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol>
<li>State two causes of hard pan in the farm. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Continuous ploughing at the same depth.</em></li>
<li><em>Plough using heavy machinery on wet soil</em>.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li>State four information contained in a delivery note. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>The date of delivery</em></li>
<li><em>The quantity and type of goods delivered.</em></li>
<li><em>The method of delivery</em></li>
<li><em>The person receiving the goods</em></li>
<li><em>Condition in which the goods are received</em></li>
<li><em>Delivery note serial number.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li>Give four advantages of using certified seeds in crop production. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Have high germination potential.</em></li>
<li><em>Free from pests and diseases.</em></li>
<li><em>Give high yields.</em></li>
<li><em>Are able to adapt to certain ecological conditions.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="4">
<li>Give four disadvantages of minimum tillage. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Leads to build-up of soil-borne pests and diseases.</em></li>
<li><em>Leads to build-up of rhizomatous weeds.</em></li>
<li><em>Causes poor soil aeration.</em></li>
<li><em>Leads to poor water drainage.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="5">
<li>State four conditions under which shifting cultivation is practiced. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Where land is abundant.</em></li>
<li><em>Where the population is sparse.</em></li>
<li><em>Where land is communally owned.</em></li>
<li><em>Where the number of livestock per unit area is low.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="6">
<li>Give four importance of sub-soiling. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Better plant root penetration into the soil.</em></li>
<li><em>Brings leached nutrients near crop roots.</em></li>
<li><em>Improves water infiltration into the soil.</em></li>
<li><em>Allows efficient gaseous exchange hence improves microbial activities.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="7">
<li>State three conditions under which opportunity cost is zero. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>When there is no alternative choice.</em></li>
<li><em>When goods are unlimited in supply.</em></li>
<li><em>When a factor of production is freely offered.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<ol start="8">
<li>State four methods of harvesting water on the farm. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Use of weirs and dams.</em></li>
<li><em>Use of ponds.</em></li>
<li><em>Rock catchment.</em></li>
<li><em>Roof catchment.</em></li>
<li><em>Use of retention ditches or level terraces.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="9">
<li>Name three basis on which the classification of fertilizers is done. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> narks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Effect on the soil.</em></li>
<li><em>Mode of application.</em></li>
<li><em>Time of application.</em></li>
<li><em>Nutrient composition.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="10">
<li>Outline four advantages of land reforms in Kenya. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>To encourage land improvement and conservation measures.</em></li>
<li><em>To increase labour and land productivity by putting idle land into use.</em></li>
<li><em>To promote commercial farming.</em></li>
<li><em>To encourage investment in agriculture.</em></li>
<li><em>To enable agriculture meet changing market demands.</em></li>
<li><em>To enhance efficient utilization of land and hence increase agricultural output.</em></li>
<li><em>To settle landless people.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="11">
<li>State two causes of forking in carrots. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Excessive use of organic manure.</em></li>
<li><em>Presence of an obstacle.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="12">
<li>(a). State three types of capital. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2 </sub>marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Liguid capital.</em></li>
<li><em>Working capital.</em></li>
<li><em>Fixed/ durable capital.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(b). Apart from capital, state other three factors of production. (1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> marks)</p>
<ul>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<ol start="13">
<li>State four reasons for conserving forage. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>To avoid wastage in times of plenty.</em></li>
<li><em>To ensure enough supply of forage throughout the year.</em></li>
<li><em>To earn income from selling excess forage.</em></li>
<li><em>To ensure good utilization of land.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em> </em></p>
<ol start="14">
<li>State four factors that affect the efficiency of herbicides. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Stage of growth of crops.</em></li>
<li><em>Plant morphology and anatomy.</em></li>
<li><em>Mode of action ie contact or translocated.</em></li>
<li><em>The concentration of the herbicide.</em></li>
<li><em>Method of application.</em></li>
<li><em>Environmental factors like rain and soil.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="15">
<li>Give four scientific aspects of agriculture. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li></li>
<li><em>Crop pathology.</em></li>
<li><em>Agricultural engineering.</em></li>
<li><em>Soil science.</em></li>
<li><em>Genetics as applied in plant and animal breeding.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="16">
<li>Name four methods of harvesting trees in agroforestry. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION B</u></strong></p>
<ol start="17">
<li>Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.</li>
<li>a) Name the method of irrigation illustrated above. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Sprinkler irrigation.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>b) State two advantages of this method of irrigation. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>It is easy to control the amount of water used.</em></li>
<li><em>Can be used on any topography.</em></li>
<li><em>Water is evenly distributed over the required area.</em></li>
<li><em>Less water wastage than in furrow irrigation.</em></li>
<li><em>The system can easily be moved from one place to another.</em></li>
<li><em>Foliar fertilizers can be applied together with irrigation water. </em></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>c) Give four factors which determine the choice of type of irrigation to use. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Capital availability.</em></li>
<li><em>Topography of the land.</em></li>
<li><em>Water availability.</em></li>
<li><em>Type of soil.</em></li>
<li><em>Type of crop to be irrigated.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="18">
<li>The diagram below shows a common weed in the farm. Study it and answer the questions that follow.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<ol>
<li>Identify the weed shown above. (1 mark)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Striga / Witch weed/ Strigahermontheca</em></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>State one harmful effect of the weed to cereals. (2 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>It is parasitic</em></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>Give three ways that can be used to control the weed. (3 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Rotating with non-cereal crops.</em></li>
<li><em>Using appropriate herbicides.</em></li>
<li><em>Trap cropping.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<ol start="19">
<li>The diagram below shows irish tubers after being subjected to some conditions before transplanting. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.</li>
</ol>
<p>(a). Name the process of potato treatment illustrated above. (1 mark)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Chitting/ sprouting.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(b). State two conditions necessary for the above process. (2 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Humidity/ moist environment.</em></li>
<li><em>Diffuse light.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(c). Give two reasons for carrying out the above practice.</p>
<ul>
<li><em>To ensure uniform growth after selection.</em></li>
<li><em>To ensure that growth commences immediately after planting.</em></li>
</ul>
<ol start="20">
<li>Students were to apply a compound fertilizer 5:20:10 on their agriculture plot measuring 3 m by 4 m, at the rate of 200kg per hectare.</li>
</ol>
<p>(a). Calculate the amount of fertilizer they would require for each plot. (Show your working). (2 marks)</p>
<p><em>1 ha (10,000m<sup>2</sup>) requires 200kg of fertilizer</em></p>
<p><em> Therefore, (3 * 4) m<sup>2</sup> would require = <u>12m<sup>2</sup> * 200</u></em></p>
<p><em> 10,000m<sup>2</sup></em></p>
<p><em> = 0.24kg / 240g</em></p>
<p>(b). What do figures 20 and 10 in the fertilizer stand for? (2 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>20- ration of phosphorous pentoxide (P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</em></li>
<li><em>10- Ratio of potassium oxide (K<sub>2</sub>O)</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(c) Give two methods of soil sampling methods. (1 mark)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Traverse method.</em></li>
<li><em>Zigzag method.</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION C</u></strong></p>
<ol start="21">
<li>a) Describe ways in which cultural measures control crop diseases. (8mks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Use of healthy planting materials/ certified seeds during planting to prevent introduction or spread of crop diseases.</em></li>
<li><em>Practicing field hygiene / burning crop residue / rogueing/ clean weeding/ destroys (kills) disease causing micro-organisms/ destroys pests that transmit diseases.</em></li>
<li><em>Proper seedbed preparation/ clean seedbed for the control of armillaria root rot in tea and coffee.</em></li>
<li><em>Proper spacing to control damping off in cabbage seedlings in the nursery or rosette disease in groundnuts or blight </em></li>
<li><em>Heat treatment for the control of ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane.</em></li>
<li><em>Proper drying of cereals and pulses before storage to control Aflatoxin</em></li>
<li><em>Planting disease resistant varieties egRuiru 11, for the crop to be able to resist attack by coffee Berry disease.</em></li>
<li><em>Crop rotation – starves the disease-causing organisms to death</em></li>
<li><em>Proper crop nutrition – makes the crop strong and able to resist attack by disease</em></li>
<li><em>Close season – This is the period when a susceptible crop is not grown in order to control a certain disease.</em></li>
<li><em>Timely planting/ early planting – enables the crop to escape attack by the disease eg blight in tomatoes and irish potatoes.</em></li>
<li><em>Pruning/ open pruning / staking/ altering of environmental conditions / irrigation; </em></li>
<li><em>irrigation during dry season controls blossom end in tomatoes, staking and pruning reduce blight in tomatoes (Stating ½ mk explaining ½ mk x 8 = 8mks)</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(b) Describe seven nursery practices carried out while seedlings are still growing. (7marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>watering- water the nursery bed regularly preferably in the morning and evening.</em></li>
<li><em>Mulching- apply a light mulch after nursery establishment</em></li>
<li><em>Weed control- weeds to be removed through uprooting.</em></li>
<li><em>Pricking out- remove overcrowded seedlings and plant in a seedling bed.</em></li>
<li><em>shading- a light shed to be erected over the nursery bed to minimize water loss.</em></li>
<li><em>Pest and disease control- are controlled through sterilizing the soil using appropriate chemicals</em></li>
<li><em>Hardening off- gradually reduce shade and frequency of watering to prepare seedlingsto the ecological conditions in the seed bed. </em></li>
</ul>
<p>(c)State the qualities of a good farm manager. (5mks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Has knowledge about specific agricultural principles, marketing and accounting</em></li>
<li><em>Hardworking and time conscious</em></li>
<li><em>Has practical farming skills</em></li>
<li><em>Flexible in decision making</em></li>
<li><em>Should be responsible/ dynamic /prudent/ competent / ambitious</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="22">
<li>a) Describe the field production of bulb onions under the following sub headings.</li>
<li>Ecological requirements. (4marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>Temperature-Hot or warm climates though some varieties prefer cool conditions.</em></li>
<li><em>Rainfall-1000mm and above/annum.Irrigation is necessary in dry areas.A long dry period is needed for ripening.</em></li>
<li><em>Altitude-2100m</em></li>
<li><em>Soils-Require sandy loam and alluvial soils which should be fertile and well drained.</em></li>
<li><em>pH-6-7.</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol>
<li>Planting. (3mks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>For direct sowing 250kg DSP /ha should be applied during planting .</em></li>
<li><em>Plant at a spacing of 30x10cm or 30&#215;7.5cm. </em></li>
<li><em>In indirect planting seedlings are transplanted at 8cm apart within the rows </em></li>
<li><em>Make shallow drills/holes, place seeds and then cover the seeds with little soil.</em></li>
<li><em>Deep planting of seedlings inhibits bulb expansion.</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li>Harvesting. (3mks)</li>
<li><em>When the leaves start drying the tops are bent or broken to hasten withering of the stem</em></li>
<li><em>Bulbs are then dug up and left to dry in a shade for a few days.</em></li>
<li><em>They are stored in slatted boxes.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(b). Discuss six reasons for pruning in coffee. (6 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>To control cropping</em></li>
<li><em>To train the plant to have the required shape.</em></li>
<li><em>To remove the diseased and unwanted parts of a plant.</em></li>
<li><em>To facilitate picking.</em></li>
<li><em>To ease the penetration of sprays into the bush of a plant.</em></li>
<li><em>To control pests and diseases such as Antestia bug and coffee berry disease.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(c). Highlight four characteristics of plants used as green manure. (4 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Are highly vegetative/ leafy.</em></li>
<li><em>Have a fast growth rate.</em></li>
<li><em>Have high nitrogen content (leguminous).</em></li>
<li><em>Capable of rotting quickly.</em></li>
<li><em>Capable of growing in poor conditions.</em></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="23">
<li>(a). Briefly explain <strong>six</strong> factors influencing mass wasting. (6 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><em>The slope of the land-Steep slopes leads to faster movement of materials.</em></li>
<li><em>The nature of material-Mass wasting occurs easily where massive rocks overlie sedimentary rocks which have clay material underneath and also if the material contains a lot of water.</em></li>
<li><em>Climate-Heavy rainy periods encourage wasting </em></li>
<li><em>Vegetation cover-It is easy and faster in bare ground than where it is covered with vegetation.</em></li>
<li><em>Human activities-eg deforestation, building, quarrying etc interferes with the stability of surface layers.</em></li>
<li><em>Forces within the earth’s crust eg earth tremors and some volcanic eruptions</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(b). Describe the procedure of harvesting sugar cane. (6 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Take the sample to the factory first for quality testing.</em></li>
<li><em>Cut the stem of the cane at ground level using a panga to avoid the loss of the yield and to ensure establishment of the ratoon crop.</em></li>
<li><em>Remove the green tops to avoid some substances from flowing back.</em></li>
<li><em>Strip off the dry leaves from the stem.</em></li>
<li><em>Do not burn the cane as this lowers its quality.</em></li>
<li><em>Transport the cane to the factory immediately for processing.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>(c). Describe four ways in which soil depth influences crop production. (8 marks)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Soil moisture content: a deep soil holds more moisture than a shallow soil.</em></li>
<li><em>Root penetration and plant support: a deep soil provides better root anchorage and free root penetration to lower zones.</em></li>
<li><em>Soil erosion: a deep soil encourages water infiltration other than surface run-offs, thus minimizing soil erosion.</em></li>
<li><em>Soil aeration: a deep soil is well-aerated compared to a shallow soil.</em></li>
<li><em>Mineral nutrient content: a deep soil allows more accumulation and exchange of minerals. This allows better growth of vegetation compared to a shallow soil that has less mineral nutrient.</em></li>
<li><em>Microbial activity: a deep top soil and sub-soil favours activity of micro-organisms such as decomposers and nitrogen fixers.</em></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>NAME:………………………………………….. INDEX NO…………………………</strong><br />
<strong>SCHOOL:……………………………………… CANDIDATE’S SIGN ……………..</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE ………………………………</strong></p>
<p>443/2</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE MARKING SCHEME</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 2</strong></p>
<p>2023<br />
<strong>Time: 2 Hours</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong></p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>MOCKS 1 2023</p>
<p><strong><em>Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)</em></strong></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>443/2</p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURE MARKING SCHEME</strong></p>
<p><strong>Paper 2</strong></p>
<p>2023<br />
<strong>Time: 2 Hours</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES </u></strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above</li>
<li>Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.</li>
<li>This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C</li>
<li>Answer all the questions in section A and B and any <strong><u>two </u></strong>questions from section C</li>
<li>Answers should be written in the spaces provided.</li>
</ol>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>For Examiner’s Use Only</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="90"><strong>Section</strong></td>
<td width="148"><strong>Question</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Maximum Score</strong></td>
<td width="242"><strong>Candidate’s Score</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">A</td>
<td width="148">1 – 20</td>
<td width="200">30</td>
<td width="242"> ;</p>
<p> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">B</td>
<td width="148">21-24</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90">C</td>
<td width="148">25-27</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"> ;</td>
<td width="200">20</td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="90"> ;</td>
<td width="148"><strong>Total Score</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>90</strong></td>
<td width="242"> ;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION A</u></strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Livestock which can be castrated using a rubber ring </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>He goat</li>
<li>Male calves</li>
<li>Rams</li>
</ul>
<p><strong> 2x</strong> <strong>=1mk</strong></p>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>Definition of “breach of birth” as used in livestock production </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>It’s a presentation during parturition where the hind legs of the new born comes out first <strong>1&#215;1=1mk</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li>a) <strong>Camel breed that is adapted to cooler regions and as a wooly body covering </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Bareterian<strong>1x</strong> <strong>= </strong> <strong>mk</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>b<strong>) Give three ways used to improve production in indigenous cattle</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Cross breeding with exotic breeds with superior</li>
<li>Supplementary feeding</li>
<li>Proper control/prevention of livestock diseases</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>3x</strong> <strong>=1</strong> <strong>mks</strong></p>
<ol start="4">
<li><strong>Methods of administering vaccines to livestock </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Injection</li>
<li>Oral/through the mouth</li>
<li>Nasal/inhalation</li>
<li>Through the cloaca</li>
<li>Ocular/through the eye</li>
</ul>
<p><strong> 4x</strong> <strong>=2mks</strong></p>
<ol start="5">
<li><strong>Uses of bedding materials in a poultry house in deep litter system </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>To provide warmth</li>
<li>To absorb moisture to prevent dampness</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>2x</strong> <strong>=1mk</strong></p>
<ol start="6">
<li><strong>Pairs of livestock tools which are always used together </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Trocar and canula</li>
<li>Hypodermic syringe and a needle</li>
<li>Elastrator and rubber ring</li>
<li>Bull ring and lead stick</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>2x</strong> <strong>=1mk</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<ol start="7">
<li>List <strong><u>two</u></strong> types of feed additives</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Hormone eg. stilbestrol and oxytocin.</li>
<li>Antibiotics e.g. tetramycin.</li>
<li>Medicant e.g. caccissostate. <strong>3x</strong> <strong>=1</strong> <strong>mks</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="8">
<li><strong>Factors that may lead to dip wash being exhausted or weakened while in the dip tank </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Evaporation</li>
<li>Dilution by rain water in case of roof leakage</li>
<li>Leakage at the bottom/cracks at the bottom or walls</li>
<li>Dirt/impurities from the animal’s body</li>
</ul>
<p><strong> 3x</strong> <strong>=1</strong> <strong>mks</strong></p>
<ol start="9">
<li><strong>Practices which are carried out to control mastitis in lactating cows </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Practice farm hygiene/milk infected cause last/use separate udder cloth for each cow/use disposable udder cloth</li>
<li>Practice that dips after milking</li>
<li>Practice good milking technique</li>
<li>Apply milking salve/jelly to prevent drying and cracking of teats</li>
<li>Immediate treatment of infected cows to avoid spread of the disease/treat any would on the teat/udder <strong> 4x</strong> <strong> =2mks</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="10">
<li><strong>Signs of heat in rabbits. </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Restlessness</li>
<li>Frequent urination</li>
<li>Swollen vulva</li>
<li>The doe throws itself on its sides</li>
<li>Rubs herself against the wall/object.</li>
<li>The doe peeps through the cage wall.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="11">
<li><strong>Maintenance practices carried out on the water cooling system of a tractor </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Keep the radiator fins free of rubbish and dirt</li>
<li>Ensure the fun belt has the right tension</li>
<li>Ensure all loses are tightly fitted to prevent leakage</li>
<li>Top up the level of water in the radiator before using the tractor</li>
<li>Replace worn out parts eg fan belt, hose pipes radiator cap</li>
<li>Lubricate radiator pump regularly</li>
<li>Repair the radiator</li>
<li>Tighten loose bolts and nuts</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>4x</strong> <strong>=2mks</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<ol start="12">
<li><strong>Behavior of chicks which would indicate that the temperature in the brooder is too high </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Chicks moves away from the source</li>
<li>Parting/opening beaks</li>
<li>Opening/spreading the wings</li>
<li>Making abnormal noise</li>
<li>Drinking water excessively</li>
<li>Chicks may lie flat on their bellies</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>4x</strong> <strong>=2mks</strong></p>
<ol start="13">
<li><strong>Desirable characteristics that should be considered when selecting a heifer for milk production</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Level of production</li>
<li>Health/growth rate/age</li>
<li>Fertility rate/mothering ability</li>
<li>Body conformation</li>
<li>Disease resistance</li>
<li>Temperament / adaptability</li>
</ul>
<p><strong> 4x</strong> <strong>=2mks</strong></p>
<ol start="14">
<li><strong>Functions of calcium in dairy cows </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>A component of milk</li>
<li>Formation of skeleton/teeth</li>
<li>Blood clotting</li>
<li>Nerve functioning/control milk fiver</li>
</ul>
<ol start="15">
<li><strong>Notifiable diseases in cattle </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Anthrax</li>
<li>Foot and mouth disease</li>
<li>Rinderpest</li>
<li>Rabies</li>
<li>Lumpy disease</li>
</ul>
<ol start="16">
<li><strong>Channels through which beef is marketed in Kenya</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Local butcheries</li>
<li>Kenya meat commission</li>
<li>Livestock marketing division <strong>2x</strong> <strong>=1mk</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="17">
<li><strong>Factors that may influence the pulse rate of a sheep. </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>The sex of the animal</li>
<li>Age of the animal</li>
<li>Degree of excitement</li>
<li>The physiological status of the animal e.g pregnancy</li>
</ul>
<p><strong><em>4x ½ =2 marks</em></strong></p>
<ol start="18">
<li><strong>Properties of concrete that make it suitable for constructing farm building </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Its durable</li>
<li>It is easy to clean</li>
<li>It is fire proof</li>
<li>Can be molded into various shapes <strong>3x</strong> <strong> =1</strong> <strong>mks</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<ol start="19">
<li><strong>Reasons why breeding boar may be culled. (2 marks)</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>It avoids incidences of blow fly infestation</li>
<li>Old age.</li>
<li>Poor health.</li>
<li>Infertility / low libido.</li>
<li>To stop breeding.</li>
<li>Hind leg weakness / when too fat or too lazy.</li>
<li>Bad temperament / aggressiveness.</li>
<li>Poor performance of offspring</li>
</ul>
<p><strong> 2x</strong> <strong>=1mk</strong></p>
<ol start="20">
<li><strong>Functions of a footbath in a plunge cattle dip </strong>
<ul>
<li>Wash animal hooves to remove mud</li>
<li>Contain chemicals to control foot rot</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong><em>2x ½ =1 mark</em></strong></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION B</u></strong></p>
<ol start="21">
<li><strong>Farm implement.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Identify the implement.</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>Disc plough<strong> </strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Name the parts labeled U and V and give one function of each. </strong></li>
</ol>
<p>U &#8211; Furrow wheel/depth wheel</p>
<p>&#8211; Controls the depth of ploughing</p>
<p>V &#8211; Disc</p>
<p>&#8211; Cut and invert the furrow slices</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Ways of adjusting the depth of ploughing</strong></li>
<li>Add weight to the plough beam</li>
<li>Adjust the cutting angle of discs</li>
<li>Use of draft control lever</li>
<li>Exert more hydraulic force</li>
<li>Use fewer discs</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<ol start="22">
<li>i) <strong>The parts of an egg labeled N,O and P</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>O – Outer shell membrane</p>
<p>P – Shell</p>
<ol>
<li>ii) <strong>Functions of</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>M – to keep the yolk and germ spot in position/ Germ spot to keep facing up.</p>
<p>L – for gaseous exchange</p>
<p>iii) <strong>Reason for egg turning during incubation is</strong></p>
<p>&#8211; To avoid the developing embryo from sticking on one side of the egg hence</p>
<p>embryonic mortality</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="23">
<li>a) Crush <em>1<strong>mk</strong></em></li>
<li>b)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Spraying against external parasites</li>
<li>Dehorning</li>
<li>Hoof trimming</li>
<li>Taking body temperature</li>
<li>Treating sick animals</li>
<li>Milking 6<strong><em> x ½ = 3mks</em></strong></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>c)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Repair broken wooden post/timber</li>
<li>Clean after use</li>
<li>Regular inspection</li>
<li>Replace yoke when the need arises <strong><em>2 x ½ = 1mk</em></strong></li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="24">
<li>a) <strong>Name the parts labeled A, B and C</strong> (3 marks)
<ul>
<li>Spray tank</li>
<li>Trigger</li>
<li>Nozzle</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>(b) <strong>State the use of the equipment shown above.</strong> (1 mark)</p>
<ul>
<li>Spraying chemical solutions.</li>
</ul>
<p>(c) <strong>Give one maintenance practice carried out on the equipment</strong>. (1 mark)</p>
<ul>
<li>Clean after use</li>
<li>Oil the moving parts.</li>
<li>Store under shade.</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION C</u></strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>a) Live cycle of a tapeworm (taeniaspp) </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Mature segments / proglottids full of eggs are dropped with human faeces</li>
<li>Eggs are then released from the segments</li>
<li>Cattle/pigs ingest the eggs during grazing/feeding</li>
<li>In the intestines the eggs hatch into embryos</li>
<li>The embryos penetrate the intestine walls and enter the blood stream</li>
<li>The embryos first localize in the liver</li>
<li>From the liver, the embryos are distributed into the muscles in the body</li>
<li>In the muscles, they become cysts/bladder worms</li>
<li>Human being are injected when they eat raw/under cooked beef/pork with the cysts</li>
<li>In the human small intestines, the cysts wall dissolves, the bladder worms emerge and attach on the intestine walls</li>
<li>They then develop into adults worm and starts laying eggs</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>10&#215;1=10mks</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>b) Management practices that would ensure maximum yield of fish in a fish pond</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Control stocking rate</li>
<li>Control of water pollution</li>
<li>Supply adequate feed regularly</li>
<li>Provide appropriate feed</li>
<li>Aerate the water by ensuring constant inflow and outflow</li>
<li>Control predators</li>
<li>Harvest fish at the correct maturity age</li>
<li>Maintain appropriate water level in the fish pond always</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>5&#215;1=5mks</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>c) Functions of water in nutrition</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Components of body cells and many body fluids e.g blood</li>
<li>Used in biochemical reactions in the body eg digestion</li>
<li>Regulate body temperatures trough sweating and evaporation</li>
<li>Excretion of metabolic wastes from the body</li>
<li>Formation of the products eg milk, eggs etc</li>
<li>Makes cells turgid to maintain their shape</li>
<li>Transportation of nutrients</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>5&#215;1=5mks</strong></p>
<ol start="26">
<li><strong>Management of layers from one day old to the start of laying in a deep litter system. </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Disinfect the brooder 2 — 3 days before the day old chicks are brought in.</li>
<li>Spread newspaper over the litter to prevent chicks from eating litter.</li>
<li>Spread some food on the newspaper so that chicks can learn to eat.</li>
<li>Remove the newspaper when the chicks have learnt to eat from feeders</li>
<li>Feed on chick mash up to<u>8</u><sup>th</sup></li>
<li>Gradually introduce growers mash from week</li>
<li>Debeak (on the <u>10</u><sup>th</sup> day)</li>
<li>Keep chicks in the brooder for <u>6—8</u></li>
<li>Provide and maintain source of heat as necessary.</li>
<li>Provide adequate clean water</li>
<li>Vaccinate against common diseases especially Newcastle.</li>
<li>Control external parasites</li>
<li>Insulate sick chicks</li>
<li>Treat sick chicks.</li>
<li>Introduce roosts for perching (on <u>6</u><sup>th</sup> week)</li>
<li>Introduce grit / sand to help in digestion.</li>
<li>Hang green vegetable to keep them busy.</li>
<li>Feed on grower’s marsh to <u>18<sup>th</sup> – 20<sup>th</sup></u></li>
<li>Gradually replace by layers mash from <u>18<sup>t</sup></u><sup>h</sup></li>
<li>A specific day/week must be indicated to award mark.</li>
</ul>
<p>(1 ×10 = 10 mks)</p>
<p>(b)<strong><u>Five</u> advantages of using animal power in the farm</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Does not require skilled labour as compared to engine power.</li>
<li>Animals are cheaper to buy and maintain.</li>
<li>Work output is higher than that of human beings.</li>
<li>Can work in areas where tractor can’t reach.</li>
<li>Work better on small holdings than tractors.</li>
</ul>
<p>(1 x 5 = 5 mks)</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Importance of keeping animals healthy.</strong></li>
<li>Grow fast and reach maturity quickly.</li>
<li>Gives animals a longer economic and productive life.</li>
<li>Maintains a high productivity.</li>
<li>Produce good quality products thus command high market value.</li>
<li>Will not spread diseases to other animals.</li>
<li>Are economical and easy to keep.</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="27">
<li>27<strong>. Mastitis disease under the following subheading</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>(a) (i) &#8211; <u>Streptococcusagalactinae</u> /</p>
<p>&#8211; <u>Staphylococcalmastitis</u></p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(ii)</p>
<ul>
<li>age</li>
<li>Stage of lactation period</li>
<li>Udder attachment</li>
<li>Incomplete milking</li>
<li>Mechanical injuries</li>
<li>Poor sanitation</li>
<li>-Poor milking technique.</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(iii)</p>
<ul>
<li>Pus, blood, thick clots in milk or watery milk</li>
<li>Pain when milking / udders / teats are swollen</li>
<li>Death of infected quarter.</li>
<li>Salty taste in milk, fine clots or flakes in fore milk</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p>(iv)</p>
<ul>
<li>Empty the affected quarter of udder and instill antibiotic</li>
<li>Use teat dip on each teat after every milking.</li>
<li>Use the right milking technique.</li>
<li>Strict cleanliness and use of disinfectant during milking.</li>
<li>Dry cow therapy. /Infusing a long acting antibiotics into the teat canalwhendrying off the cow.</li>
<li>Use a strip cup to test for mastitis, infected animals should be milked last.</li>
<li>Use separate udder clothes</li>
<li>Remove sharp objects from grazing and milking areas to prevent teatinjury</li>
<li>Open wound on the teats should be treated immediately</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<ol>
<li>b) <strong>Eight factors that affect milk composition in dairy farming.</strong> (8 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Age of the animal – Butter fat in milk becomes less as an animal grows old thus young animals produce milk with higher BF than older animals.</li>
<li>Breed – Different breeds of cattle produce milk with differing percentages composition e.g. Jersey produces higher BF than Friesian.</li>
<li>Type of food eaten by an animal – Roughage feeds produce milk with higher fats, lactose and protein compared to grains.</li>
<li>Disease – Diseases such as mastitis reduce lactose composition in milk because bacteria attack milk sugars.</li>
<li>Physiological condition – of the animal.</li>
<li>Sick / extremely emaciated animals register low percentage of BF.</li>
<li>During late pregnancy cows produce milk with low BF content.</li>
<li>Stage of lactation – The butter content in milk is highest at the middle phase of the lactation period and lowers towards the end of lactation.</li>
<li>Time of milking – Milk produced in the morning has lower BF content than produced in the evening.</li>
<li>Season of the year – BF content increases during cold season.</li>
<li>Completeness of milking – The last drawn milk from the udder contains 10% total BF content.</li>
<li>Thus milk drawn last from the udder has higher BF content.</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>

