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English KCSE Mock Exams and Answers {Latest Best Collections}

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

NAME ………………………………………………………………………..ADM. NO……………CLASS………..

101/3

ENGLISH

PAPER 3

FORM THREE

JULY 2023

2 HOURS 30MIN

MOCKS 1 2023

(Creative Composition and Essays Based on Set Texts)

Instructions to candidates

(a) Write your name and admission number

(b) Answer three questions only

(d) In question 3 choose only one of the optional set texts you have prepared for.

(e) Each of your essays must not exceed 450 words.

1 Either

Write a composition ending with the following words;

(a) ………I regret failing to read between the lines.

(b) An essay proposing to the government ways indiscipline

in schools can be dealt with effectively.

The compulsory Set Text

Henry OleKulet; Blossoms of the Savannah

“Success or failure is in the mind,” using illustrations from

Blossoms of the Savannah, write an essay to illustrate the truthfulness

of the statement above.

Optional Set Texts

Answer any one of the following two questions.

Either

(a) The Short Stories

Godwin Shiundu, A silent Song and other stories

Actions speak louder than words. Discuss the truth of this

saying using illustrations from Leonard Kaberia’s A Silent Song.

(b) The Play

David Mulwa; Inheritance

A nation without good leadership is deemed to fail. Drawing your illustrations

from ‘inheritance’ discuss the above statement.

NAME: …………………………………………………………. INDEX NO.: …………………

CLASS: ……………………………………………………………………….. DATE: ……………………………

CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ……………………………

MOCKS 1 2023

101/1

JULY 2023

ENGLISH (Functional Writing, Cloze Test, Oral Skills)

Paper 1

2 Hours

ENGLISH (Functional Writing, Cloze Test, Oral Skills)

Paper 1

2 Hours

For Examiner’s Use Only

NO.	QUESTIONS	TOTAL	CANDIDATES
		SCORE	SCORE
1.	FUNCTIONAL WRITING	20

2.	CLOZE TEST	10

3.	ORAL SKILLS	30

	TOTAL	60

FUNCTIONAL WRITING

You have returned to school after the mid-term break and realized that you left one of the set books back home. Write to your parent back home asking him or her to bring you the book during the Peace Prayer Day to be held in your school. Remember to tell them about your back to school, performance in the examinations you have done and your target grade at K.C.S.E.

(20 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

CLOZE TEST

Fill in each blank space in the following passage with the most appropriate word.

(10 marks)

Most African tribes have a communal (a)…………………………………………

to life. A person is an individual only to the extent that he or she is a

(b)…………………….…………of a clan, a community or a family. Land was never

owned by an individual, but by the people, and (c) ……………………..…………………

not be disposed of by anybody. (d)……………………………. there were traditional

heads, they held land in (e)………………………………….. for the community

generally. Food grown on the land was regarded as food to feed the hungry among the tribe. (f)……………………………………. each family might have its own piece of land

on which to cultivate, when there was famine or when you simply wanted to eat, you merely looked for food and ate it. There was no (g) ………………….. on your mind as to who owned it. In many parts of Africa it was thought quite natural for travelers to walk

(h)…………………………… the nearest garden, and pick some bananas or maize and

eat. Nobody would interfere with them (i)……………..…………………….. they went in

and started taking loads of food away. Then they were, of course,

(j)………………………………. the laws of hospitality and generosity, and exploiting

the clan through whose land they were passing.

(Adapted from Freedom and After; Tom Mboya; London; Andre deutsch; 1963)

ORAL SKILLS

Read the narrative below then answer the questions that follow.

In the beginning, the sun married the moon. They travelled together for a long time, the sun leading and the moon following. As they travelled, the moon would get tired, and the sun would carry her for three days every month.

One day the moon annoyed the sun and she was beaten by the sun, just the same way some women are beaten by their husbands. But it happened that the moon was one of those short-tempered women who fight their husbands. When she was beaten, she fought back and wounded the sun’s forehead. The sun also beat the moon, scratched her face and plucked out one of her eyes.

When the sun realized that he was wounded, he was very embarrassed and said to himself “I am going to shine so hard that people will not be able to look at me”. And so he shone so hard that people could not look at him without squinting. That is why the sun shines so brightly.

As for the moon, she did not feel any embarrassment and so she did not have to shine any brighter. And up to now, if you look closely at the moon, you will see the wounds that the sun inflicted on her.

Questions

Mention any two ways by which you would prepare your audience to receive this story (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

How would you say the line: “I am going to shine so hard that people will not be able

to look at me” to bring out complete effect? (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Imagine you are the story-teller charged with the responsibility of narrating this story.

What story telling devices would you employ and why? (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv) While telling the story, you realized that a section of the audience was passive. What was

the likely cause for this? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Provide another word that has the same pronunciation as each of the following words

		(3 marks)
i)	wrapped	………………………….
ii)	lichen	………………………….
iii)	room	………………………….

State whether you voice will rise or fall at the end of each of the sentences below (3 marks)

Fire! Fire! ……………………………………..

Did carry your set book to class? ………………………….

I was never visited by parents. ………………………………

d) Explain what you would do if you were, without prior notice, asked to pass a vote of

thanks during your school’s Prize-Giving Day. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

You have attended a one-day seminar. The person sitting next to you is intruding into your personal space. What four personal space guidelines could this person have failed to

follow? (4 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) The following is a conversation between two girls. Identify and illustrate any three

shortcomings in the Pet’s listening skills (6 marks)

SHELLIE: (Walking excitedly to her) Good afternoon, Pet.

PET: (Reading a newspaper. Looking up…) Afternoon too Shellie (resumes

reading)

SHELLIE: (Beaming) Yesterday, I watched the students of Mpesa Academy eulogize the late Bob Collymore.

PET: The one that was brought live on TV? I don’t like funerals since I lost my

aunt.

SHELLIE: They were articulate and expressive in their show of emotions…

PET: So that moved you?

SHELLIE: It not only moved me. It made me admire the late Bob.

PET: (Absent- mindedly) Even after being cremated? I would rather burn in hell.

SHELLIE: (Insistent) I think he was a wonderful man; he had time for even little

people.

PET: (Dismissively) So?

SHELLIE: We can learn something from those who depart before us, Pet. It is possible.

PET: (Laughing as she walks away) Ok. Keep learning. I hope you become

	professor.
SHELLIE: Pet, I think something is the matter with you.
PET:	(Waving at her) Bye! See you in school tomorrow.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name ……………………………………………. Stream……… Index Number………

Candidate’s Signature…………………………… Date ……………………

101/2

ENGLISH

PAPER 2

(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar)

JULY 2023

2½ HOURS

MOCKS 1 2023

English Paper 2

Instructions to candidates

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.

Answer ALL the questions in this question paper.

All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.

This paper consists of 13 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.

For Examiners’ use only

Question	Maximum	Candidate’s
	Score	Score
1	20

2	25

3	20

4	15

Read the passage below then answer the questions that follow:

If one said, “The room had an extremely obnoxious smell.” And another said, “The room had the smell of rotten fish.” Which of the two sentences is appealing? Whereas the first sentence may look superior with the word ‘obnoxious’ making it pronounced, the second one stands out. Why? It is more subtle, graphic and appeals to our senses of sight, smell and even taste. Apart from that it is memorable. This is the residence of imaginative or creative writing.

Writing is arguably the highest in the order of skills in language acquisition. It combines: listening, speaking and reading. When one writes, it is for reading and when one reads they are in a one- on-one conversation with the writer; laughing at the jokes, frowning and being drawn to feel with what the writer is saying. If this is the case then there is need for anybody who wants to write to give it some thought.

Good writing that evokes feelings begins with a mindset that delves beneath the surface of things. Creative writings swim in the undercurrents of human existence seeking to bring to the fore hidden nuances of things and human life. In imaginative writing one explains the universal significance of what they observe. For instance, if the twins born together but raised apart eventually reunite and seek to locate the fact surrounding their parentage, creative writing would focus on the twists not the obvious based on the phenotypically acknowledged attribute that a DNA test would readily confirm. But a captivating writing would be if the test also revealed that the fathers who have raised them are not their biological fathers. This would unearth more than what looks true in the surface.

It is this imagination that rises above the mundane human realities that would form some fodder for thought as one gleans through what has been creatively written. Scintillating stories have lived with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives when animals satirized human foibles. Again, these were not stories for stories’ sake but ones with didactic values; a take-home that would make the human world a better place.

The significance of expressive language cannot be gainsaid in writing. Even scientific reading would be made more accessible and enjoyable if they employed not the jargons that exist in their registers but in how the scientific writers would manipulate language in such a way that would draw attention to itself. Deliberate diction and syntax would create a definite pattern in such writing so as to communicate the complex scientific terminologies with a light timbre of humour.

It is the writer’s thinking captured in images using words and phrases with an obvious appeal and impact on the senses of taste, touch, hearing, smell and sight that would engrain what is read into the hearts and minds of the readers. It is the sensory details communicated through words that are impressionistic. And writing is as good as the indelible impression it leaves on the reader’s mind.

Through good creative works, the reader is transported to worlds far and wide, real and imagined while unveiling the new insights that traversing such worlds bring to human experiences. It is the writer’s conscious effort that concretizes these fictional and real worlds

in any written piece. In such writings, love comes through as a beautiful flower and kindness as the milk of human life.

Sustained vivid accounts of human experiences captured in words using mental pictures engraved in human senses would make creative writing be in a better stead than an action-pact movie.

(Adapted from a paper presented by Oloo Oliver on Creative Writing to teachers at Star of the Sea; Mombasa County; 2017)

Questions

a) According to paragraph one, what does creative writing entail? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Why is it important for anyone who wants to write to think? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Scintillating stories have lived with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives

when animals satirized human foibles. (Rewrite beginning: Satirizing…) (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) How would creative writing work as a ‘mode of transport’? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Explain why twins are mentioned in this passage. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

In note-form mention any three things one needs to consider in creative writing. (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) Why do you think impression is important in creative writing? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) According to the passage, what is the significance of creative writing? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

i) Describe how creative writing would outdo movies. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Give the meaning of the following word and expression as used in the passage

Indelible

………………………………………………………………………………………

engraved in human senses.

………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the excerpt below then answer the questions that follow

Nora: (begins to unpack the box, but soon pushes it away from herself) If only I dared go out. If only no one would come. If only I could be sure nothing would happen here in the meantime. Stuff and nonsense! No one will come. Only I mustn’t think about it I will brush my muff. What lovely, lovely gloves! Out of my thoughts, out of my thoughts! One, two, three, four, five, six- (screams) Ah! There is something coming -, (makes a movement towards the door, but stands irresolute) (enter MRS. LINDE from the hall, where she has taken off her cloak and hat)

Nora: Oh, it’s you Christine. There is no one else out there, is there? How good of you to come!

Mrs. Linde: I heard you were up asking for me.

Nora: Yes, I was passing by. As a matter of fact, it is something you could help me with. Let us sit down here on the sofa. Look here. Tomorrow evening there is a fancy-dress ball at the

Stenborgs’, who live above us; and Torvald wants me to go as a Neapolitan fisher girl, and dance the Tarantella that I learned at Capri.

Mrs. Linde: I see; you are going to keep up the character.

Nora: Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—

Mrs. Linde: We will easily put that right. It is only some of the trimming come unsewn here and there. Needle and thread? Now then, that’s all we want.

Nora: It is nice of you.

Mrs. Linde: (sewing) So you are going to be dressed up tomorrow Nora I will tell you what —

I shall come in for a moment and see you in your fine feathers. But I have completely forgotten to thank you for a delightful evening yesterday.

Nora: (gets up, and crosses the stage) Well, I don’t think yesterday was as pleasant as usual. You ought to have come to town a little earlier, Christine. Certainly Torvald does understand how to make a house dainty and attractive.

Mrs. Linde: And so do you, it seems to me; you are not your father’s daughter for nothing. But tell me, is Dr. Rank always as depressed as he was yesterday?

Nora: No; yesterday it was noticeable. I must tell you that he suffers from a dangerous disease. He has consumption of the spine, poor creature. His father was a horrible man who committed all sorts of excesses; and that is why his son was sickly from childhood, do you understand?

Mrs. Linde: (dropping her sewing) But, my dearest Nora, how do you know anything about such things?

Nora: (walking about) Pooh! When you have three children, you get visits now and then from—- from married women, who know something of medical matters, and they talk about one thing and another.

Mrs. Linde: (goes on sewing a short silence) Does Doctor Rank come here everyday?

Nora: Everyday regularly. He is Torvald’s most intimate friend and a great friend of mine too. He is just like one of the family.

Mrs. Linde: But tell me this—- is he perfectly sincere? I mean, isn’t he the kind of man that

is very anxious to make himself agreeable?

Nora: Not in the least. What makes you think that?

Mrs. Linde: When you introduced him to me yesterday, he declared he had often heard my name mentioned in this house; but afterwards I noticed that your husband hadn’t the slightest idea who I was. So how could Doctor Rank—?

Nora: That is quite right, Christine. Torvald is so absurdly fond of me that he wants me absolutely to himself, as he says. At first he used to seem almost jealous if I mentioned any of the dear folk at home; so naturally I gave up doing so. But I often talk about such things with Doctor Rank, because he likes hearing about them.

Questions

a) Why does Nora look disturbed at the beginning of this excerpt?

(3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Who brought the box that Nora is unpacking at the beginning of this excerpt why did

Nora want it? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

“Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—–“

i) What does this reveal about the character of Nora? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………

From this statement, describe the relationship that exists between Nora and

Torvald.(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) Identify and explain a dramatic technique used in this statement (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………

Cite two things that indicate that Nora is lying about Dr. Rank’s sickness in this excerpt.

(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the message in Dr. Rank’s story as narrated by the two women in this excerpt.

(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Apart from repairing the fancy dress, what else does Mrs. Linde repair in this play and

how?(3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) How is morality explored in this excerpt? (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) Describe Mrs. Linde’s attitude towards Dr. Rank in this excerpt. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

i)	Explain Nora’s voice at the end of this excerpt	(2marks)
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
j)	Explain the word ‘dainty’ as used in this excerpt.	(1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the story below then answer the questions that follow

Long time ago, the Hyena and the Rock where bosom friends. Whenever the Hyena was idle with nothing to eat, the Rock provided him with some warmth as he yawned away the day. He could sleep on the Rock, roll over to the other side and when he felt any movement, especially of what was edible, he stood on the Rock with a limp and peered into the horizon for what lady luck might have brought to his door-step.

On a rainy day, the Hyena would bring home huge chunks of carcasses, lay them on the Rock and devour ravenously. When his meal was over, usually after a day or two, he spent the rest of the days uncertain of his next meal, licking the remnants of blood left on the Rock. He licked these for days and the Rock remained silent and obedient.

One day when the Hyena had a meal- a smelly piece of meat he had salvaged from a pride lions in the vast savannah grassland, there was a big fight between the Hyena and the vultures who wanted to have a piece from his hard-earned meal. The Hyena bared his teeth to scare off the reluctant birds but the vultures with their sharp pointed beaks flew away with some pieces of the rotten bones. The struggle left the back of Rock with scratches and bruises.

That evening it rained heavily. The Hyena searched and searched and searched but he did not find a crack or space within the rock in which to hide. When morning came, the Hyena looked feverish as he went atop the Rock to await the warmth from the rising sun. The water from its now wet fur dripped down on the rock and when the sun’s eyes peered from the eastern horizon, the droplets glittered and reflected in the Hyena’s eyes. “Hmmm’ it feels good to be warm. But I’m hungry,” the Hyena said.

In the sweltering afternoon sun, the Hyena moved away to a shade that the canopy of trees had provided. In a short time, deep sleep overcame him. He slept carelessly having had no sleep the previous night. He slept on his belly, his sides and on his back snoring loudly. Suddenly his stomach rumbled like thunder and before he knew it, the contents of his bowels spewed out on the green grass. The smell was awful. He gave the steaming mixture a gleeful look before he pounced on it again. He guessed the future would be stormy without any morsel in sight.

After the long rains came a long dry spell. People waited for the rains. The pregnant clouds had receded and the sky was sapphire blue. The birds moved higher up the mountains. Even the King of the Jungle roamed keenly near the few watering points that still had the precious liquid- water. There was no prey in sight The Hyena lurked lazily behind prides waiting to scavenge.

After several days, weeks and months the Hyena approached the Rock again. He looked him more keenly this time. He prayed that God would grant the desires of his heart. “What a lovely back, the Rock has!” he thought, “he could make a meal in this adversity.” He moved closer and now the rock resembled a Hippo. As he went closer and closer, the Rock now changed to look like a sleepy antelope.

“Rock, you know I’m hungry yet you lie here like a meal,” the Hyena said. The Rock was quiet. “I will eat you one day. I will plunge my teeth into your neck and belly then you will be my meal.” But the Rock was still silent. “And you will make my meal for days. I will eat you in bits.” Again the Rock was dumb. The Hyena walked away singing happily:

A meal, meals you people

Let the hungry cry

And the weak die

But the lame will eat, eat and eat.

When the Hyena looked back, the back of the Rock looked yummy. He said, “God this one I have found out of my hand work. But you can still go ahead and find me another one.” Then to the Rock he said, “Even though you are quiet, you have heard.”

Two days later, the Hyena became the vultures’ sumptuous meal on the rock.

(Taken from Oloo Oliver’s Collection for Oral Narratives; 2019; Unpublished)

Questions

What in the story suggests that the relationship between Hyena and Rock was lopsided? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explain what the phrase “rainy day’ in paragraph two of the story reveals about the

Hyena’s life? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

How does the saying: “When two bulls fight it is the grass that suffers,” apply in this

story? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Cite two evidences from the story that indicate that Rock shielded Hyena from crisis. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Comment on any two features of oral narratives in this story (4marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) What two functions does Hyena’s song serve in this story? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) Explain what this story teaches us about human relationships. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) Identify any two values that can be derived from this story. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

i)	What two instances show Hyena’s greed in this story?	(2marks)
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
j)	Explain what led to the death of the Hyena in the story?	(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Grammar

Rewrite the following sentence according the instructions give after each. Do not

change the meaning. (5marks)

Zena studied her opponent’s face because she wanted to win contest. (Rewrite beginning with a present participle)

………………………………………………………………………………………

They were unaware that the thieves had dug a whole behind their house. (Begin:

Little…)

………………………………………………………………………………………

The teacher asked us to write down the notes and show him at the end of the lesson. (Rewrite in direct speech)

………………………………………………………………………………………

The bachelor prepared his own supper. (Rewrite to remove gender bias)

………………………………………………………………………………………

You can serve me now. (Add a question tag)

………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Replace the underlined words with appropriate phrasal verbs. (3marks)

The thug could not escape from the hands of the police-officers.

………………………………………………………………………………………

I will visit you next week.

………………………………………………………………………………………

My parents provide my basic needs at school.

………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. (3marks)

Our principal is revered for her…………………………. character. (conscience)

The newspaper has a …………………………of over a million readers. (read)

That club does not entertain those who are …………………………. in environmental conservation. (interest)

d) The following sentences contain errors. Rewrite them correctly (2marks)

We are discussing about how to improve in English.

………………………………………………………………………………………

They say he does not reply messages sent to him.

………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Use complex prepositions to complete the sentences below. (2marks)

Rana visited the yard ……………………………….. buying a brand new car.

………………………. lethargy, most students do not like reading set books.

PAPER 3 ENGLISH MARKING GUIDE

MOCKS 1 2023

1(a)- Must be a story

– should bring out a lie he/she did not detect earlier.

– should include the reaction or effects of the revelation.

(b) The candidate should demonstrate clear knowledge of, and

suggest practical and effective ways of dealing with indiscipline in schools.

(a) Blossoms of the Savannah

“Failure or success is in the mind.”

– The candidate should highlight both failure and success as occasioned by

different characters in the text.

– There should be a clear connection between the inaction or action that brings

about the failure or success. Consider the following suggestions;

Introduction

Our actions or inactions have direct contribution to what we become. Ordinarily, we would

say, we can choose to succeed or fail, depending on the working of our mind.

Blossoms of the Savannah has characters who failed or succeeded because of what was

in their mind as shown below.

Body

Resian’s determination leads to her going to university
Resian successfully resists Olarinkoi. She had previously told him that he

may succeed in circumcising her on the body, but in her mind, she would remain

uncircumcised.

Resian fights monoeyed woman in a dream, and wins.
Taiyo, not so aggressive in her resistance to FGM, becomes a victim.
Taiyo is tolerant to the Nasila culture, especially in traditional dances,

she becomes a victim of those very culture.

Mama Milanoi’s failure to defend and protect her daughters leads to her

losing both of them. She fails as a mother.

MinikEneNkoito has a determination to succeed. Despite working in

a very hostile environment, she succeeds to rescue or free more

more than three hundred girls from early marriages and circumcision.

Short story.

Introduction

Humanity is premised on love for one another. When we fail to show love

and compassion to the less privileged in society, we act more or less like

beasts. On the other hand building a united caring society needs

our deliberate, conscious efforts to reach out to those in need.

Body

– Ezekiel fails to provide proper habitation for his own brother. He is sick

and lives in a flea infested hut. The pavement in town may have been better.

– Though the brother is a preacher, and we expect better from him, he

fails to take Mbane to hospital for treatment. His wife, however,tries by giving

Mbane some medicine.

– The gay pedestrians could pass by talking of bright weather, lovely morning….they

would sing to the blue sky, whistle to the gay morning as their footsteps sang their way

down the pavement and this would taunt him. They offered nothing in spite of his

condition.

-Some gay people, however, would answer to his pleas( give him money)

– Those working around, though seeing , had an indifferent attitude. They were never

touched. Thieves, too, stole from him.

– ” Good men who thronged the brothels were not good enough to him. Moreover, they

cursed.

– Christians who sang praises and hallelujah noticed him but did not care. In fact they

considered him an abled bodied person only crippled more everyday by the idleness of

ofleasurely begging. They failed to show true Christ’s love.

Conclusion

From the above illustrations it’s obvious that omission is a sin just as commission.

We should show love through our actions.

Introduction

Many nations have become failed states due to bad leadership. Before their total failure,

chaotic scenes, loss of life and destruction of property have preceded their fall.

Such is the situation in Kutula Republic as demonstrated below.

Body

Lacuna Kasoo decrees farming policies that cause uprising amongst people,

he sanctions Chipande as the only coffee farmer.

Lacuna hires his cronies, tribesmen and clan members only. This escalates people’s

revolt.

Inefficiency is rampant in government as those employed are not necessarily qualified

for those positions.

Thorn macay runs down Kutula colony through high handedness. People egitate for

freedom as seen through their king, King Kutula XV, ” your people will continue to die.”

5.Leaders look down upon the people, for example, Chipande says of the attendant, “that

how we put them in their place,” meaning social and economic subjugation.

Conclusion.

From the illustrations above, it is clear that poor leadership brings nations down.

MOCKS 1 2023

MARKING SCHEME

FUNCTIONAL WRITING

(20 marks)

Expect an informal letter. If not deduct – 4 AD

– Accept both blocked (strictly) semi – blocked (strictly). If mixed deduct 1 mk.

Tone – formal (This is tied to language mark)

FORMAT

Address 1 – (Don’t award if name is in address

Date – Format Accept only Eg 30^th July, 2019

(if different format deny mark)

Salutation – Accept Dear Mum, Dear Dad ONLY

Closing tag – Your son/daughter/ Yours sincerely

Name (Accept one name or two)

CONTENT

– Greetings/Pleasantries *P (1 mark)

– Mention of having forgotten a set-book and its title *ST (2 mark)

– Asking the parents to bring the book *B (1 mark)

Mentioning the date and time for the Peace Prayer *DT (2 mark)

Mentioning the performance in an exam *PM (1mark)

– Stating the target at KCSE *T (1mark)

LANGUAGE 4 marks

Very good

Good

Fair

Weak

A – 4 (merit ticks)

B – 3

C – 2

D – 1 (Extremely chaotic)

1. CLOZET TEST
Fill in each blank space in the following passage with the most appropriate word.	(10
marks)

Most African tribes have a communal (a) approach to life. A person is an individual only to the extent that he or she is a (b) member of a clan, a community or a family. Land was never owned by an individual, but by the people, and (c) could not be disposed of by anybody.

where there were traditional heads, they held land in ( e) trust for the community generally. Food grown on the land was regarded as food to feed the hungry among the tribe. (f) Although each family might have its own piece of land on which to cultivate, when there was famine or when you simply wanted to eat, you merely looked for food and ate it. There was no (g) question/doubt on your mind as to who owned it. In many parts of Africa it was thought quite natural for travelers to walk (h) into the nearest garden, and pick some bananas or maize and eat. Nobody would interfere with them (i) unless they went in and started taking loads of food away. Then they were, of course, (j) disobeying / contravening the laws of hospitality and generosity, and exploiting the clan through whose land they were passing.

(adapted from Freedom and After; Tom Mboya; London; Andre deutsch; 1963)

ORAL SKILLS

Read the narrative below then answer the questions that follow.

In the beginning, the sun married the moon. They travelled together for a long time,

the sun leading and the moon following. As they travelled, the moon would get tired, and the un would carry her for three days every month.

One day the moon annoyed the sun and she was beaten by the sun, just the same way

some women are beaten by their husbands. But it happened that the moon was one of those short-tempered women who fight their husbands. When she was beaten, she fought back and wounded the sun’s forehead. The sun also beat the moon, scratched her face and plucked out one of her eyes.

Questions

Mention any two ways by which you would prepare your audience to receive this story

marks)

Clear throat

Ring bell

Give relevant proverbs

Tell a joke

Clap hands

Any 2 plausible @ 1 mark = 2 marks NB: Personal involvement

How would you say the line: “ I am going to shine so hard that people will not be able to look at me” to bring out complete effect?

(3 marks)

Verbal – rising intonation (indicating threat)

Non-verbal – Accept any relevant

Gesture

– Facial expression must specify

Body movement

Accept Either

1 verbal

2 non verbal

2 verbal

1 non – verbal

NB: Personal involvement

Imagine you are the story-teller charged with the responsibility of narrating this story. What story telling devices would you employ and why?

(3 marks)

Mimicry

Tonal variation

Facial expression

Gestures & body movement / dramatization

Accept relevant / specific illustration of each

Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks

NB: Personal involvement

While telling the story, you realize that a section of the audience was passive. What was the likely cause for this?

(2 marks)

I was inaudible

I failed to involve /engage them in the story eg through involving them in signing, fillers etc.

I failed to maintain eye contact

Physical factors – Noise, heat

Any other relevant 2 @ 1 mark = 2 marks

b) Provide another word that has the same pronunciation as each of the following words.

i.	Wrapped	rapped
ii.	Lichen	liken
iii.	Room	rheum

c) State whether your voice will rise or fall at the end of each of the sentences below (3 marks)

i.	Fire! Fire!	*Rise*
*ii.*	Did carry your set book to class?	*Rise*
iii.	I was never visited by parents	*Fall*

Explain what you would do if you were, without prior notice, asked to pass a vote of thanks during your school’s Prize-Giving Day.

(4 marks)

Accept the challenge

Psyche myself, adopt, upright posture / confidence

Speak audibly

Recognize those present (hierarchy)

Thank those who have attended / participating

Highlight a few of items captured eg in speech esp guest of honour

Encourage fellow students to work hard

Eye contact

Any other relevant @ 1 mark = 4 marks NB: Personal involvement

You have attended a one-day seminar. The person sitting next to you is intruding into your personal space. What four personal space guidelines could this person have failed to follow?

(4 marks)

She could have been

Seated too close for comfort

Leaning on my shoulder

Looking into my bag, phone / personal items

Chewing to loudly / distracting me NB: Personal involvement

The following is a conversation between two girls. Identify and illustrate any three shortcomings in the Pet’s listening skills.

SHELLIE: (Walking excitedly to her) Good afternoon, Sheillie..

PET: (Reading a newspaper. Looking up…) Afternoon to Pet (resumes reading)

SHELLIE: (Beaming) Yesterday, I watched the students of Mpesa Academy eulogize the late Bob Collymore.

PET: The one that was brought live on TV? I don’t like funerals since I lost my aunt.

SHELLIE: They were articulate and expressive in their show of emotions..

PET: So that moved you?

SHELLIE: It not only moved me. It made me admire the late Bob.

PET: (Absent-mindedly) Even after being cremated? I would rather burn in hell.

SHELLIE: (Insistent) I think he was a wonderful man; he had time for even little people.

PET: (Dismissively) So?

SHELLIE: We can learn something from those who depart before us, Pet. It is possible.

PET: (Launching as she walks away) Ok. Keep learning. I hope you become professor.

SHELLIE: Pet, I think something is the matter with you.

PET: (Waving at her) Bye! See you in school tomorrow.

Pet has

Poor turn taking

She does not pay attention / is absent minded

Makes sarcastic remarks

Pet is impolite / rude Identification – 1 mark Illustration(from the context) – 1 mark

Name ……………………………………………. Stream……… Index Number………

Candidate’s Signature…………………………… Date ……………………

101/2

ENGLISH

PAPER 2

(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar)

2½ HOURS

MOCKS 1 2023

English Paper 2- MARKING SCHEME

Instructions to candidates

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.

Answer ALL the questions in this question paper.

All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.

This paper consists of 13 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.

For Examiners’ use only

Question	Maximum	Candidate’s
	Score	Score
1	20

2	25

3	20

4	15

Read the passage below then answer the questions that follow:

in any written piece. In such writings, love comes through as a beautiful flower and kindness as the milk of human life.

Sustained vivid accounts of human experiences captured in words using mental pictures engraved in human senses would make creative writing be in a better stead than an action-pact movie.

(Adapted from a paper presented by Oloo Oliver on Creative Writing to teachers at Star of the Sea; Mombasa County; 2017)

Questions

a) According to paragraph one, what does creative writing entail? (2marks)

Creative writing making expression which are subtle, graphic and appealing to the human senses so as to be memorable

b) Why is it important for anyone who wants to write to think? (2marks)

It is the highest in the order of skills in language acquisition that combines all the other skill; listening, speaking and reading.

c) Scintillating stories have lived with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives

when animals satirized human foibles. (Rewrite beginning: Satirizing…) (1mark)

Satirizing human foible, scintillating have live with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives.

d) How would creative writing work as a ‘mode of transport’? (2marks)

Through good creative works the reader is transported to worlds far and wide, real and imagined while unveiling the new insights that traversing such worlds bring to human experiences.

e) Explain why twins are mentioned in this passage. (2marks)

To show that good creative writing should focus on twists and turns and not the obvious/ that creative writing goes beneath the surface.

In note-form mention any three things one needs to consider in creative writing. (3marks)

Expressive language

Deliberative diction and syntax.

Thinking in terms of images.to create an indelible impression

g)	Why do you think impression is important in creative writing?	(2marks)
	It engrains what one reads into the heart and mind to leave and indelible impression
h)	According to the passage, what is the significance of creative writing?	(2marks)
	To be able to manipulate language in a manner that draws attention to itself to
	make reading enjoyable.
i)	Describe how creative writing would outdo movies.	(2marks)
		3

By sustained vivid accounts of human experiences captured in word using words engraved in human senses.

Give the meaning of the following word and expression as used in the passage

indelible

inerasable/lasting/unforgettable/memorable/rememberable/ingrained/indestru ctable

engraved in human senses.

Carved/etched/embossed/furrowed/embedded/chiseled/imprinted/lodged

Read the excerpt below then answer the questions that follow

Nora: Oh, it’s you Christine. There is no one else out there, is there? How good of you to come!

Mrs. Linde: I heard you were up asking for me.

Nora: Yes, I was passing by. As a matter of fact, it is something you could help me with. Let us sit down here on the sofa. Look here. Tomorrow evening there is a fancy-dress ball at the

Stenborgs’, who live above us; and Torvald wants me to go as a Neapolitan fisher girl, and dance the Tarantella that I learned at Capri.

Mrs. Linde: I see; you are going to keep up the character.

Nora: Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—

Mrs. Linde: We will easily put that right. It is only some of the trimming come unsewn here and there. Needle and thread? Now then, that’s all we want.

Nora: It is nice of you.

Mrs. Linde: (sewing) So you are going to be dressed up tomorrow Nora I will tell you what —

I shall come in for a moment and see you in your fine feathers. But I have completely forgotten to thank you for a delightful evening yesterday.

Mrs. Linde: And so do you, it seems to me; you are not your father’s daughter for nothing. But tell me, is Dr. Rank always as depressed as he was yesterday?

Mrs. Linde: (dropping her sewing) But, my dearest Nora, how do you know anything about such things?

Mrs. Linde: (goes on sewing a short silence) Does Doctor Rank come here everyday?

Nora: Everyday regularly. He is Torvald’s most intimate friend and a great friend of mine too. He is just like one of the family.

Mrs. Linde: But tell me this—- is he perfectly sincere? I mean, isn’t he the kind of man that

is very anxious to make himself agreeable?

Nora: Not in the least. What makes you think that?

Questions

a) Why does Nora look disturbed at the beginning of this excerpt? (3marks)

Krogstad had visited her and threatened her with dire legal consequences arising from the discrepancy in the bond she signed when she took a loan of 250pounds to save Torvald. She is also afraid that her much guarded secret might be revealed and this might ruin her relationship with the husband.

b) Who brought the box that Nora is unpacking at the beginning of this excerpt why did

Nora want it? (2marks)

The nurse brought the box. Nora wanted it so that it can be repaired in readiness for the fancy-dress ball coming up at the Stenborgs’.

“Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—–“

i) What does this reveal about the character of Nora? (2marks)

She is obedient/submissive– wants to go by what Torvald wants.

She is honest/sincere/truthful– admits that she has no idea how to fix the torn fancy dress.

From this statement, describe the relationship that exists between Nora and

Torvald. (2marks)

It is a hypocritical/pretentious. She wants to please Torvald by doing what he wants not because she likes it.

It is also cordial/warm. Torvald had a dress made for Nora.

Identify and explain a dramatic technique used in this statement. (2marks)

Symbolism. The torn fancy dress that needs repair. It symbolizes the pretentious relationship between Nora and Torvald that requires fixing.

Suspense/Ellipsis. Nora doesn’t say the idea she doesn’t have for the dress. This keeps the audience guessing hence heightens the tension in the play. Situational irony. Nora’s dress is new yet it torn and requires repair. It helps heighten the tension in the play.

(1 mark for identification and illustration; 1 mark for explanation)

Cite two things that indicate that Nora is lying about Dr. Rank’s sickness in this excerpt.

(2marks)

When asked by Christine how she gets to know about such details, she becomes restless and walks about

She also hesitates/stammers when she says that she gets visitors who have a medical knowledge.

She gives a flimsy reason– that because she has three children she gets visits from married women who know something about medical matters.

It is evident that her reasons are based on gossip– that the women talk about one thing and another.

(Accept any two well explained)

Explain the message in Dr. Rank’s story as narrated by the two women in this excerpt.

(2marks)

Love/Friendship. Dr. Rank is Torvald’s intimate friend and Nora’s great friend too.

Dr. Rank suffers because of the excesses committed by his father- that if you live immoral life, it will make your children or relatives suffer too.

Apart from repairing the fancy dress, what else does Mrs. Linde repair and how? (3marks)

She goes all out to repair Torvald-Nora relationship/marriage to make it be premised on truth and honesty rather than pretence. She does so by asking Krogstad not to withdraw the bond so that the truth about Nora’s secret can be known to Helmer. She also insists that Nora should let Helmer know about her much guarded secret.

Christine repairs her broken relationship with Nils. She seeks him out, invites him to Helmer’s house, opens up to him and accepts to be the mother to his

	children.
g)	How is morality explored in this excerpt?	(3marks)
	Dr. Rank’s father committed excesses in his youth and as a result his son suffers
	from a disease- the consumption of the spine- that would finally kill him. This is a
	warning to people to live moral lives devoid of excesses.
h)	Describe Mrs. Linde’s attitude towards Dr. Rank in this excerpt.	(2marks)
	She is critical/condemnatory/spiteful/sarcastic of Dr. Rank. She thinks that he is not
	perfectly sincere.
i)	Explain Nora’s voice at the end of this excerpt	(2marks)

Conceited/exultant/boastful/arrogant voice. She talks of how much Torvald possesses her jealously
Ironic voice. That Torvald is absurdly fond her yet there are things she can only

share with Dr. Rank and not Torvald.

j) What does the word ‘dainty’ mean in this excerpt (1mark)

Beautiful/Charming/Exquisite/Lovely/Neat/Elegant.

Read the story below then answer the questions that follow

A meal, meals you people

Let the hungry cry

And the weak die

But the lame will eat, eat and eat.

Two days later, the Hyena became the vultures’ sumptuous meal on the rock.

(Taken from Oloo Oliver’s Collection for Oral Narratives; 2019; Unpublished)

Questions

What in the story suggests that the relationship between Hyena and Rock was lopsided? (1mark)

It is always the Hyena that benefited from the rock.

Explain what the phrase “rainy day’ in paragraph two of the story reveals about the

Hyena’s life? (2marks)

The Hyena’s life depended on opportunities/chances that he did not work for/ the Hyena never worked for his own.

How does the saying: “When two bulls fight it is the grass that suffers,” apply in this

story? (2marks)

The fight between the Hyena and the vultures over a smelly piece of meat, the back of the rock is left in scatches.

Cite two evidences from the story that indicate that Rock shielded Hyena from crisis. (2marks)

The Hyena searches for a long time on the rock for a crack to hide in when it rains.

When the Hyena is feverish after a heavy downpour he goes atop the rock to await the warm from the rising sun.

When he is hungry with nothing to eat, he wants to eat the rock. (Expect any 2)

Comment on any two features of oral narratives in this story

(4marks)

Opening formula eg. “Long time ago..” Transports the listener to the world of fantansy where the events of the story are plausible.

Repetition eg. “..searched and searched and searched.” Creates rhythm/shows the Hyena’s desperation.

Personification/Use of Dialogue eg. Hyena tells the rock that he would it it one ady but the rock remains silent. This makes the sory real and dramatic.

Use of song eg. The Hyena sings with joy at the sight of the rock after staying for long without a meal. It develops plot/ breaks the monotony of narration.
There is a moral lesson eg. Greed is bad.

(Expect any two. No mark for identification without illustration.)

What two functions does Hyena’s song serve in this story? (2marks)

It breaks the monotony of narration.

It develops the plot- prepares us for the encounter with the rock.

g) Explain what this story teaches us about human relationships. (3 marks

Human relationships are characterized by betrayals eg. The Hyena turns on the Rock when hungry in spite of the rock’s hospitality.

h) Identify any two values that can be derived from this story. (2marks)

Patience- Rock remained patient/calm despite the suffering he undergoes because of

the Hyena.

Love- the Rock remained a true friend to the Hyena even in times of crises.

i) What two things show Hyena’s greed in this story? (2marks)

He gives his own smelly vomit a gleeful look then pounces on it.

He imagines that the rock is now an antelope or hippo and wants to eat it.

j) What do you think led to the death of the Hyena in the story? (2marks)

Hunger

He might have attempted to eat the rock and this left him seriously injured.

Grammar

Rewrite the following sentence according the instructions give after each. Do not

change the meaning. (5marks)

Zena studied her opponent’s face because she wanted to win contest. (Rewrite beginning with a present participle)

Wanting to win the contest, Zena studied the opponent’s face.

They were unaware that the thieves had dug a hole behind their house. (Begin:

Little…)

Little did they know that the thieves had dug a hole behind their house.

The teacher asked us to write down the notes and show him at the end of the lesson. (Rewrite in direct speech)

The teachers asked us, “Write down the notes and show me at the end of the lesson.”

“Write down the notes and show me at the end of the lesson,” the teacher told us.

“Write down the notes,” the teacher told us, “and show me at the end of the lesson.”

The bachelor prepared his own supper. (Rewrite to remove gender bias)

The unmarried prepared their own supper/The single prepared their own supper.

You can serve me now. (Add a question tag)

You can serve me now, will you?

b) Replace the underlined words with appropriate phrasal verbs. (3marks)

The thug could not escape from the hands of the police-officers. break away
I will visit you next week. call on

My parents provide my basic needs at school.

cater for

c) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.

(3marks)

Our principal is revered for her conscientious (conscience)

The newspaper has a readership of over a million readers. (read)

That club does not entertain those who are disinterested in environmental conservation. (interest)

d) The following sentences contain errors. Rewrite them correctly (2marks)

We are discussing how to improve in English.

They say he does not reply to messages sent to him.

e) Use complex prepositions to complete the sentences below. (2marks)

Rana visited the yard with a view to buying a brand new car.

Due to lethargy, most students do not like reading set books.

Teachers' Resources

Grade 1 CBC Notes: ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES pdf

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

TERM ONE

OUR HOME

A _________is a place where a family lives (tree, home)
One or many _________will make a home (houses, people)
Our home and what is around us make up our _________ (compound, house)
Every home must have a ________ (car, house)
Our home is in ________ estate
Types of houses
A hut is a _________ house (traditional, modern)
A hut has ___________doors (one, two)
Many huts together make a ___________ (homestead)
A place where we store grains is called a __________ (granary, hut)
A__________ is house for the ____________ and ___________ (manyatta, bus, Luo, Maasai, Samburu)
A manyatta is a _______ house (traditional, bad)
__________are many houses in one tall building (flats, stairs)
Flats are mainly found in ________ (towns, villages)
A flat is a _______ house (traditional, modern)
A block of flats is also called_________ (apartment, semi – apartment)
This houses stay for a _________time (short, long)
A camp has many _______ together (tents, huts)
Semi-permanent houses include
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GRADE ONE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES
____
____
 Makuti houses  Mabati houses  Timber houses  Small huts
Permanent houses
This houses stay for a _________ time (long, short)
It is a _________house (modern, traditional)
Permanent house include
Bungalow
Storied houses
Materials used in building
The roof of a hut is made of ___________
The wall of a hut is made of ___________
The floor of s hut is made of ___________
A manyatta is made of ___________and ____________
_________ are used to make a granary
A mabati house is made of ___________ Another name for mabati is ___________
A timber house is made of __________
The roof of a permanent house is made of ___________
The walls of a permanent house is made of ___________
Parts of a house
A house has different parts called __________ (rooms, toilet)
Name the rooms found in your home
 Bedroom
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
 Kitchen
 Bedroom
 Bathroom
 Store
 Toilet
The sitting room is also called____________
The _______is also called the washing area
A kitchen is also called the _________area
The bedroom is also called the _______area
Uses of different parts of the house
We ____________and rest in the sitting room
When it is time to sleep we go to ___________ (bedroom, store)
When it is time to eat we go to __________ (dining, store)
Food is cooked in the _____ (kitchen, store)
Farm tools are kept in the __________ (toilet, stores)
Tissue paper is found in the ________ (toilet, store)
People sleep in the ________
We wash our bodies in the ________
Importance of houses
Houses protect us from hot sun, heavy clouds and strong winds
Our house keeps us safe from dangerous _________________ (people, trees)
__________are bad people who steal from our houses (thieves, teachers)
A _______person is a person I do not know (mother, stranger)
Birds stay in a _________ (nest, house)
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
A dog lives in a _________ (kennel, nest)
SAFETY IN THE HOME
Things found in the home
Some things are found inside the house and others outside the house
Name of some things found in the house
 Lamp
 Broom
 Chair  Jiko
 Basin
 Utensils  Beds  Cupboards
Some animals kept at home
 Dog
 Cat  Chicken
 Pig
 Donkey  Sheep
 Camel
Uses of things found in the home
A panga is used for ___________
We use a lamp to ____________ (light) up a house
A __________is used to collect rubbish in the compound (jembe, rake)
Peter wants to cut grass; he will use a ______________ (panga, slasher)
We use a ________ to sweep
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
We listen to news from the _________
People use _______________to split firewood
Uses of some animals found at home
Donkeys and camels help us to carry ____________ things (heavy bad)
Name 3 animals that give us milk _____________
_____________
______________
Sheep, rabbits and pigs give us___________ (meat, wool)
Match the animals and the meat
Cow mutton
Goat pork
Hen beef
Sheep goat meat
Pig chicken
A sheep give us_______and________
Dangerous objects at home
Some objects are dangerous they can ____________ us (hurt, love)
Do not play with ___________ (toys, fire)
Fire can ___________us or even our houses (burn, wash)
A hot jiko can __________us (burn,)
A dog can _________us and a cat can ___________us (scratch, bite)
Putting things like sticks into electrical sockets can cause_________ (shock, play)
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____
____
Playing with matchsticks can cause __________ (fire, rain)
Medicine should be kept away from ___________ (children, teachers)
Broken bottles can __________us (hurt)
Name four sharp objects ______________
________________
________________
_____________
Keeping our homes clean
We sweep the floor to remove __________ (dirt, soap)
We clean utensils to keep away_________and _____________ (rats, dogs, cockroaches)
We should cut long _________around our home (grass, tree)
_________and__________ are some animals that can hide in long grass
We remove cobwebs to keep away __________ (spiders, cows)
Tools are kept safely in the ___________ (kitchen, store)
We should sleep under the _________ (bed, mosquito net)
A fence keeps away_________ from entering the home (friends, strangers)
Dirty toilets have ________ (flies, flowers)
A _________takes care of our home at night (teacher, watchman)
OUR FAMILY
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____
____
MEANING OF A FAMILY
A group of people who are related is called ____________ (group, family)
A family has __________and _________
Father and mother are my _______________ (parents, enemies)
Father is a __________parent (male, female)
A ________ is a female parent (mother, father)
A male child is a _______ and a female child is a _____________
In a family we ________one another (love, hate)
Types of families
Nuclear family
It is made up of father, mother and children
__________is the head of the family (father, mother)
A nuclear family has _________parents (one, two)
A single parent family
It has __________parents (one, two)
It is made up of ___________and _____________
Father and _______make up a single family
An extended family ______are members of an extended family
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____
____
My grandparents call me __________ (grandchild, sister)
Uncle, aunts, cousins are my _________ (relatives, friends)
A boy will be called ___by his grandparents (granddaughter, grandson)
How family members are related
My parents calls me a ________ or a ________ (son, daughter)
My mother’s sister is my ____________
My father’s mother is my __________
My brothers and sisters child is my ____________
The child of my aunt is my_________________ (uncle, aunt)
My father’s brother is my _________ (uncle, aunt)
Work done by family members
___cooks for us at home (mother, aunt)
Our ________pay our school fees
Her work is to tell us stories, she is my _____________
Children should help their parents by ___________
____________
______________ When work is shared it becomes _________________ (easier, good)
Sharing work makes us __________ (happy, sad)
Family celebrations
A celebration is a _________ (parade, ceremony)
Name three family celebrations
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____
____
_______________
_______________
_______________
The day I was born is my _________
In a birthday party people are __________
We celebrate the birth of a child by giving___________ (gifts, stones)
When two people get __________there is a wedding ceremony (money, married)
Wedding celebrations are _________ ceremonies (sad, happy)
When someone dies we go for _________ (wedding, funeral)
A funeral is a ________ceremony (happy, sad)
Religious celebrations
Muslims worship in a ________
Hindus celebrate __________
Christians worship in a ___________
Iddul –fitr is celebrated by __________
Hindus worship in a _________
Christmas is celebrated by ___________
National celebrations
Match the celebrations
Celebration date
New year 1
st may
Labour Day 20th October
Madaraka day 25th December
Jamhuri day 26th December
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____
____
Mashujaa day 1
st June
Christmas day 12th December
Boxing Day 1
st January
TERM 2
OUR FAMILY NEEDS AND CHILD RIGHTS
FOOD
Food gives us __________to work and play
We eat food in order to grow _________
Food makes us look __________
We get food from plants and _______________
After eating food we should drink ___________
Water is ___________
We cover our food to keep away ______________
Match the following
Hen pork
Pig fillet
Cow chicken
Fish mutton
Sheep beef
Draw and name three foods we eat __________
___________
___________
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____
____
(Water, strong, animals, soil, energy, life, fat, healthy, water
Clothes
We wear ___________ to cover our bodies
When it is cold we wear_________clothes
In __________places people wear light clothes
Clothes we wear at school are called ______
We use ___________ on a rainy day
Shoes make us look __________
On a muddy day we wear ______________
Draw clothes we wear
(Heavy, light, umbrella, gumboots, smart, warm, clothes, uniform)
Shelter
People live in a _________
Another name for a house is _________
Houses protect us from _________-animals
Houses provide us with__________
We ___________i n houses at night
Every home must have a __________
Name three types of houses ___________
___________
____________
(Wild, shelter, domestic, sleep, food, toilet, manyatta, stoned house, hut)
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
How to meet family needs
To meet family needs we need to ____________
Our parent’s _________to get money
My mother is a __________
A__________sells fish to get money
A__________grows food
A cow gives us _________and___________
A sheep gives us ________and __________
We buy food from the ___________
A cobbler repairs our ________
Revision: basic needs
Name three basic needs _____________
___________
___________ Name three sources of water ______________
______________
_____________
Shelter protect us from
__________________
__________________
__________________ Name three types of food that we eat __________________
_________________
___________________ Name three types of clothes we wear
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
________________
________________
_______________ A person who makes clothes is a ______________
A carpenter uses_________to make a house
Maintaining a happy family
Good behaviour in the family
Good behaviour means _________manners
We should ____________other people
We should not ___________our parents and friends
We say __________when we do something wrong
We say _________when we wake up in the morning
Children should ________their parents
We say ________when people do good things
We say ________- when asking for something
(Good, bad, abuse, respect, love, sorry, good morning, beat, obey, thank you, please
Child rights
A right is a ________ to do something
Children’s right makes them to be treated ___________
All children have a right to __________life
All children need food to __________
Children should go to school
Child _________is when children work for money
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
When sick children should be taken to __________
Parents should__________from bad people
(Freedom, well, badly, good, die, labour, hospitals, protect)
OUR SCHOOL
Name of our school
Our school is called __________
People ________in School
A school is a place where we learn to ____________and _____________
Our school is a ____________school
Boys wear __________-and__________ while girls wear____________and _____________ to school
The pupils in our school are ________
Our school was started by _________
(Learn, fight, read, and write, public, private, shirts, skirts, dresses, blouses, boys and girls, boys alone)
Symbols of the school and their importance
School logo
A _____is a symbol of the school
Our school motto is __________
Name two thing found in the logo of our school ______________
_____________ Draw the school logo
Name two things that you can see on the school logo
(Logo, fearing God wisdom begins)
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
The flag
This is a __________
The flag of Kenya has ______colours
We stand at _________-while raising the flag
We rise the flag __________and _______________every week
Name the colours of our flag _______________
________________
________________
________________ Red on our flag shows ___________
Green on our flag means ___________
_____________raises the flag at our school
The Colour on top of the flag is ___________
Flag, 4, 10, attention, ease, Monday, Friday, black, white, red, green, blood, Colour, natural resources,
scouts, black)
National anthem
______anthem is sang when raising the flag
National anthem is a ____________-for our country
Name two languages that we use when we sing national anthem
____________
_____________
There are __________verses in the national anthem
Complete the following sentence of the national anthem
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____
____
“Oh God of all ___________”
(Church, National, Prayer, English, Kiswahili, 4, 3, Creation)
Revision
Children should _________their parents
Patents and friends should not be __________by children
Good behaviour means good ___________
We should wash our __________after visiting the toilet
Children should wear___________
Children should live in a _________
Children should go to __________to learn
Good children say_____-when they do something wrong (obey, abused, good, hands, sorry, legs,
clothes, school, house)
School compound
Our school compound has ____________and____________
We help ourselves in the _____________
In ___________–we are given story books to read
Our school has __________where we go to play at breaktime
We plant ________and__________in our Shamba
We should keep our school compound _________
Draw and name two things found in the school compound
(Classroom, kitchen, dormitory, stores, library, toilet, bush, playground, maize, potatoes, cabbages,
coffee, small, clean)
Our school routine
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
We go to school from ___________to ______________
I go to school for ___________days in a week
Assembly is also called________ We go for assembly at ____________o clock in the morning
When the bell rings we change the subject
We go for lunch at ____________
After learning we leave school in the _________
(Monday to Sunday, Monday to Friday, 7, 8, school, circle, parade, 5, 9, 10.00am 12.45pm, every
morning, every afternoon)
People in the school and their roles
Some people in the school community are ____________
We have __________teachers in our school
There are _________pupils in our school
My class teacher is called________
The secretary types___________and______________
The __________guards the school during day and night
A __________drives our school bus
Food is cooked from the ____________
(Teachers, cooks, drivers, gateman, secretary, 2, 10, 60, tests, books, exams, 100, 700, kitchen)
Our classroom
Am in class _____________
We learn in the _________room
Name some things found in your classroom
We sit on ________
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
In our classrooms desks are arranged into ____________rows
________sits behind in class
The ___________tells us what to do when the teacher is absent
We keep our books in _________after classes
We use _________to clean the blackboard
Name three things you do to keep the classroom clean
_____________
____________
____________
REVISION: OUR SCHOOL
The special song for our school is called__________
Our school motto says________
Write three needs in your school ____________
____________
____________
The school __________make we look different from other pupils
We should keep our school ____________
The colours of our school uniform are ________and ___________
The name of our head teacher is ___________
Class rules
__________guides us in class
Pupil’smust________the class rules
Name two rules in the class
We should _________our teachers
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
The __________help us keep order in the classroom
We clean our school by____________
We ___________our class everyday
We use __________-for sweeping
Name three things you do to keep your classroom clean
____________
____________
___________
Taking care of things in our classroom/school
We write using _________in school
All children in school write on ____________
The teacher __________the cupboard so that the books cannot be stolen
Before going home we should ___________the windows
Our__________locks the classroom
Tearing books to make toys is ___________
It is bad to play with chairs and tables
A class timetable shows time and___________that we learn everyday
Safety on the way to and from school
Different ways of travelling to school
I go to school by _________
Kama lives far from school; he goes to school by __________
Some pupils ___________to school because they live near the school
Name three ways that we can use to go to school
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
_____________
______________
_____________ Draw two means of travelling to school
How to use the road safely
Road safety means free from___________on the road
Road_________helps us use the road safely
We should __________road signs
We should walk on the _________side of the road
Before crossing the road, look ____________, look_________look____–again and cross if the road is
clear
A__________is a person walking on foot
Another name for zebra crossing is ___________
The colours of a zebra crossing are __________-and _____________
Draw and Colour the road signs for
Bus stop
Stop
Dangers of talking and going with strangers
A ___________is a person I don’t know
We should not talk to _____________
Write two things that strangers might do to you
_____________
______________ Write three things we should not accept from strangers
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
_____________
_____________
_____________
Strangers can__________to us
We should walk with the other ____________
Gifts from strangers can be __________
Revision
We should cross the road only when it is _________
It is wrong to __________near the road
People we do not know are ____________ We should not get out of a ______________vehicle
Name two ways of travelling to school
Important features on the way to school
Features seen along the way
We see many things on our way to ___________
Things that we see are called __________features
Name three physical features that you see on your way to school
Many trees growing together make a __________
Animals that live in the forest are called __________animals
Name some of the wild animals
A_________has a lot of water
We buy vegetables and fruits from__________
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
____
____
Draw some things you see when coming to school ______________
_______________
_______________ Christians go to __________and Muslims pray in __________
Importance of the features to the people living near our school
We grow plants in a _________
Plants give us ____________
Wild animals are___________because they attract visitors
We get water and fish from a __________
Trees provide a ________for birds and monkeys
Tourists bring a lot of ___________when they visit us
We get ___________from trees in the forest
Visitors who come to see wild animals are called__________
We cross a river using a ____________

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PHYSICS FORM THREE NOTES LATEST

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PHYSICS FORM THREE

CHAPTER ONE

LINEAR MOTION

Introduction

Study of motion is divided into two;

Kinematics
Dynamics

In kinematics forces causing motion are disregarded while dynamics deals with motion of objects and the forces causing them.

Displacement

Distance moved by a body in a specified direction is called displacement. It is denoted by letter‘s’ and has both magnitude and direction. Distance is the movement from one point to another. The Si unit for displacement is the metre (m).

Speed

This is the distance covered per unit time.

Speed= distance covered/ time taken. Distance is a scalar quantity since it has magnitude only. The SI unit for speed is metres per second(m/s or ms^-1)

Average speed= total distance covered/total time taken

Other units for speed used are Km/h.

Examples

A body covers a distance of 10m in 4 seconds. It rests for 10 seconds and finally covers a distance of 90m in 60 seconds. Calculate the average speed.

Solution

Total distance covered=10+90=100m

Total time taken=4+10+6=20 seconds

Therefore average speed=100/20=5m/s

Calculate the distance in metres covered by a body moving with a uniform speed of 180 km/h in 30 seconds.

Solution

Distance covered=speed*time

=180*1000/60*60=50m/s

=50*30

=1,500m

Calculate the time in seconds taken a by body moving with a uniform speed of 360km/h to cover a distance of 3,000 km?

Solution

Speed:360km/h=360*1000/60*60=100m/s

Time=distance/speed

3000*1000/100

=30,000 seconds.

Velocity

This is the change of displacement per unit time. It is a vector quantity.

Velocity=change in displacement/total time taken

The SI units for velocity are m/s

Examples

A man runs 800m due North in 100 seconds, followed by 400m due South in 80 seconds. Calculate,
His average speed
His average velocity
His change in velocity for the whole journey

Solution

Average speed: total distance travelled/total time taken

=800+400/100+80

=1200/180

=6.67m/s

Average velocity: total displacement/total time

=800-400/180

=400/180

=2.22 m/s due North

Change in velocity=final-initial velocity

= (800/100)-(400-80)

=8-5

=3m/s due North

A tennis ball hits a vertical wall at a velocity of 10m/s and bounces off at the same velocity. Determine the change in velocity.

Solution

Initial velocity(u)=-10m/s

Final velocity (v) = 10m/s

Therefore change in velocity= v-u

=10- (-10)

=20m/s

Acceleration

This is the change of velocity per unit time. It is a vector quantity symbolized by ‘a’.

Acceleration ‘a’=change in velocity/time taken= v-u/t

The SI units for acceleration are m/s²

Examples

The velocity of a body increases from 72 km/h to 144 km/h in 10 seconds. Calculate its acceleration.

Solution

Initial velocity= 72 km/h=20m/s

Final velocity= 144 km/h=40m/s

Therefore ‘a’ =v-u/t

= 40-20/10

2m/s²

A car is brought to rest from 180km/h in 20 seconds. What is its retardation?

Solution

Initial velocity=180km/h=50m/s

Final velocity= 0 m/s

A = v-u/t=0-50/20

= -2.5 m/s²

Hence retardation is 2.5 m/s²

Motion graphs

Distance-time graphs

Stationary body

A body moving with uniform speed

A body moving with variable speed

Area under velocity-time graph

Consider a body with uniform or constant acceleration for time‘t’ seconds;

Distance travelled= average velocity*t

=(0+v/2)*t

=1/2vt

This is equivalent to the area under the graph. The area under velocity-time graph gives the distance covered by the body under‘t’ seconds.

Example

A car starts from rest and attains a velocity of 72km/h in 10 seconds. It travels at this velocity for 5 seconds and then decelerates to stop after another 6 seconds. Draw a velocity-time graph for this motion. From the graph;

Calculate the total distance moved by the car
Find the accelerationof the car at each stage.

Solution

From the graph, total distance covered= area of (A+B+C)

=(1/2×10×20)+(1/2×6×20)+(5×20)

=100+60+100

=260m

Also the area of the trapezium gives the same result.

Acceleration= gradient of the graph

Stage A gradient= 20-0/ 10-0 = 2 m/s²

Stage b gradient= 20-20/15-10 =0 m/s²

Stage c gradient= 0-20/21-15 =-3.33 m/s²

Using a ticker-timer to measure speed, velocity and acceleration.

It will be noted that the dots pulled at different velocities will be as follows;

Most ticker-timers operate at a frequency of 50Hzi.e. 50 cycles per second hence they make 50 dots per second. Time interval between two consecutive dots is given as,

1/50 seconds= 0.02 seconds. This time is called a tick.

The distance is measured in ten-tick intervals hence time becomes 10×0.02= 0.2 seconds.

Examples

A tape is pulled steadily through a ticker-timer of frequency 50 Hz. Given the outcome below, calculate the velocity with which the tape is pulled.

Solution

Distance between two consecutive dots= 5cm

Frequency of the ticker-timer=50Hz

Time taken between two consecutive dots=1/50=0.02 seconds

Therefore, velocity of tape=5/0.02= 250 cm/s

The tape below was produced by a ticker-timer with a frequency of 100Hz. Find the acceleration of the object which was pulling the tape.

Solution

Time between successive dots=1/100=0.01 seconds

Initial velocity (u) 0.5/0.01 50 cm/s

Final velocity (v) 2.5/0.01= 250 cm/s

Time taken= 4 ×0.01 = 0.04 seconds

Therefore, acceleration= v-u/t= 250-50/0.04=5,000 cm/s²

Equations of linear motion

The following equations are applied for uniformly accelerated motion;

v = u + at

s = ut + ½ at²

v²= u² +2as

Examples

A body moving with uniform acceleration of 10 m/s² covers a distance of 320 m. if its initial velocity was 60 m/s. Calculate its final velocity.

Solution

V² = u² +2as

= (60) +2×10×320

=3600+6400

= 10,000

Therefore v= (10,000)^1/2

v= 100m/s

A body whose initial velocity is 30 m/s moves with a constant retardation of 3m/s. Calculate the time taken for the body to come to rest.

Solution

v = u+at

0= 30-3t

30=3t

t= 30 seconds.

A body is uniformly accelerated from rest to a final velocityof 100m/s in 10 seconds. Calculate the distance covered.

Solution

s=ut+ ½ at²

=0×10+ ½ ×10×10²

= 1000/2=500m

Motion under gravity.

Free fall

The equations used for constant acceleration can be used to become,

v =u+gt

s =ut + ½ gt²

v²= u+2gs

Vertical projection

Since the body goes against force of gravity then the following equations hold

v =u-gt ……………1

s =ut- ½ gt² ……2

v²= u-2gs …………3

N.B time taken to reach maximum height is given by the following

t=u/g since v=0 (using equation 1)

Time of flight

The time taken by the projectile is the timetaken to fall back to its point ofprojection. Using eq. 2 then, displacement =0

0= ut- ½ gt²

0=2ut-gt²

t(2u-gt)=0

Hence, t=0 or t= 2u/g

t=o corresponds to the start of projection

t=2u/gcorresponds to the time of flight

The time of flight is twice the time taken to attain maximum height.

Maximum height reached.

Using equation 3 maximum height, H_max is attained when v=0 (final velocity). Hence

v²= u²-2gs;- 0=u²-2gH_max, therefore

2gH_max=u²

H_max=u²/2g

Velocity to return to point of projection.

At the instance of returning to the original point, total displacement equals to zero.

v² =u²-2gs hence v²= u²

Thereforev=u or v=±u

Example

A stone is projected vertically upwards with a velocity of 30m/s from the ground. Calculate,

The time it takes to attain maximum height
The time of flight
The maximum height reached
The velocity with which it lands on the ground. (take g=10m/s)

Solution

Time taken to attain maximum height

T=u/g=30/10=3 seconds

The time of flight

T=2t= 2×3=6 seconds

Or T=2u/g=2×30/10=6 seconds.

Maximum height reached

H_max= u²/2g= 30×30/2×10= 45m

Velocity of landing (return)

v²= u²-2gs, but s=0,

Hence v²=u²

Thereforev=(30×30)^1/2=30m/s

Horizontal projection

The path followed by a body (projectile) is called trajectory. The maximum horizontal distance covered by the projectile is called range.

The horizontal displacement ‘R’ at a time‘t’ is given by s=ut+1/2at²

Taking u=u and a=0 hence R=ut, is the horizontal displacement and h=1/2gt² is the vertical displacement.

NOTE

The time of flight is the same as the time of free fall.

Example

A ball is thrown from the top of a cliff 20m high with a horizontal velocity of 10m/s. Calculate,

The time taken by the ball to strike the ground
The distance from the foot of the cliff to where the ball strikes the ground.
The vertical velocity at the time it strikes the ground. (take g=10m/s)

Solution

h= ½ gt²

20= ½ ×10×t²

40=10t²

t²=40/10=4

t=2 seconds

R=ut

=10×2

=20m

v=u+at=gt

= 2×10=20m/s

CHAPTER TWO

REFRACTION OF LIGHT

Introduction

Refraction is the change of direction of light rays as they pass at an angle from one medium to another of different optical densities.

Exp. To investigate the path of light through rectangular glass block.

Apparatus: – soft-board, white sheet of paper, drawing pins (optical), rectangular glass block.

Procedure

Fix the white plain paper on the soft board using pins.
Place the glass block on the paper and trace its outline, label it ABCD as shown below.
Draw a normal NON at point O.
Replace the glass block to its original position.
Stick two pins P₁and P₂ on the line such that they are at least 6cm apart and upright.
Viewing pins P₁ and P₂ from opposite side, fixpins P₃ and P₄ such that they’re in a straight line.
Remove the pins and the glass block.
Draw a line joining P₃ and P₄ and produce it to meet the outline face AB at point O

Explanation of refraction.

Light travels at a velocity of 3.0×10⁸in a vacuum. Light travels with different velocities in different media. When a ray of light travels from an optically less dense media to more dense media, it is refracted towards the normal. The glass block experiment gives rise to a very important law known as the law of reversibility which states that “if a ray of light is reversed, it always travels along its original path”. If the glass block is parallel-sided, the emergent ray will be parallel to the incident ray but displaced laterally as shown

‘e’ is called the angle of emergence. The direction of the light is not altered but displaced sideways. This displacement is called lateral displacement and is denoted by‘d’. Therefore

XY= t/Cos r YZ= Sin (i-r) ×xy

So, lateral displacement, d = t Sin (i-r)/Cos r

Laws of refraction

The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie on the same plane.
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant for a given pair of media.

Sin i/sin r = constant (k)

Refractive index

Refractive index (n) is the constant of proportionality in Snell’s law; hence

Sin i/ sin r = n

Therefore sin i/sin r=n=1/sin r/sin i

Examples

Calculate the refractive index for light travelling from glass to air given that_an_g= 1.5

Solution

_gn_a= 1/_an_g = 1/1.5=0.67

Calculate the angle of refraction for a ray of light from air striking an air-glass interface, making an angle of 60⁰ with the interface. (_an_g= 1.5)

Solution

Angle of incidence (i) = 90⁰-60⁰=30⁰

1.5=sin 30^o/sin r, sin r =sin 30⁰/ 1.5=0.5/1.5

Sin r=0.3333, sin^-10.3333= 19.5⁰

R= 19.5⁰

Refractive index in terms of velocity.

Refractive index can be given in terms of velocity by the use of the following equation;

₁n₂ = velocity of light in medium 1/velocity of light in medium 2

When a ray of light is travelling from vacuum to a medium the refractive index is referred to as absolute refractive index of the medium denoted by ‘n’

Refractive index of a material ‘n’=velocity of light in a vacuum/velocity of light in material ‘n’

The absolute refractive indices of some common materials is given below

	Material	Refractive index
1	Air (ATP)	1.00028
2	Ice	1.31
3	Water	1.33
4	Ethanol	1.36
5	Kerosene	1.44
6	Glycerol	1.47
7	Perspex	1.49
8	Glass (crown)	1.55
9	Glass (flint)	1.65
10	Ruby	1.76
11	Diamond	2.72

Examples

A ray of light is incident on a water-glass interface as shown. Calculate ‘r’. (Take the refractive index of glass and water as 3/2 and 4/3 respectively)

Solution

Since _an_w sin θ_w=_an_g sin_g

4/3 sin 30⁰= 3/2 sin r

3/2 sin r= 4/3× 0.5

Sin r =4/6×2/3=4/9= 0.4444

r = 26.4⁰

The refractive index of water is 4/3 and that of glass is 3/2. Calculate the refractive index of glass with respect to water.

Solution

_wn_g= _gn_a×_an_g, but _wn_a = 1/ _an_w=3/4

_wn_g=3/4×3/2=9/8= 1.13

Real and apparent depth

Consider the following diagram

The depth of the water OM is the real depth, and the distance IM is known as the apparent depth. OI is the distance through which the coin has been displaced and is known as the vertical displacement. The relationship between refractive index and the apparent depth is given by;

Refractive index of a material=real depth/apparent depth

This is true only if the object is viewed normally.

Example

A glass block of thickness 12 cm is placed on a mark drawn on a plain paper. The mark is viewed normally through the glass. Calculate the apparent depth of the mark and hence the vertical displacement. (Refractive index of glass =3/2)

Solution

_an_g= real depth/apparent depth

apparent depth= real depth/ _an_g=(12×2)/3= 8 cm

vertical displacement= 12-8=4 cm

Applications of refractive index

Total internal reflection

This occurs when light travels from a denser optical medium to a less dense medium. The refracted ray moves away from the normal until a critical angle is reached usually 90⁰ where the refracted ray is parallel to the boundary between the two media. If this critical angle is exceeded total internal reflection occurs and at this point no refraction occurs but the ray is reflected internally within the denser medium.

Relationship between the critical angle and refractive index.

Consider the following diagram

From Snell’s law

_gn_w = sin C/sin 90⁰,but _an_g = 1/_gn_a since sin 90⁰ = 1

Therefore_an_g= 1/sin C, hence sin C=1/n or n=1/sin C

Example

Calculate the critical angle of diamond given that its refractive index is 2.42

Solution

Sin C= 1/n=1/ 2.42= 0.4132= 24.4⁰

Effects of total internal reflection

Mirage: These are ‘pools of water’ seen on a tarmac road during a hot day. They are also observed in very cold regions but the light curves in opposite direction such that a polar bear seems to be upside down in the sky.
Atmospheric refraction: the earths’ atmosphere refracts light rays so that the sun can be seen even when it has set. Similarly the sun is seen before it actually rises.

Applications of total internal reflection

Periscope: a prism periscope consists of two right angled glass prisms of angles 45⁰,90⁰ and 45⁰ arranged as shown below. They are used to observe distant objects.

Prism binoculars: the arrangement of lenses and prisms is as shown below. Binoculars reduce the distance of objects such that they seem to be nearer.

Pentaprism: used in cameras to change the inverted images formed into erect and actual image in front of the photographer.
Optical fibre: this is a flexible glass rod of small diameter. A light entering through them undergoes repeated internal reflections. They are used in medicine to observe or view internal organs of the body

Dispersion of white light: the splitting of light into its constituent colours is known as dispersion. Each colour represents a different wavelength as they strike the prism and therefore refracted differently as shown.

CHAPTER THREE

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

Newton’s first law (law of inertia)

This law states that “A body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it”. The mass of a body is a measure of its inertia. Inertia is the property that keeps an object in its state of motion and resists any efforts to change it.

Newton’s second law (law of momentum)

Momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity.

Momentum ‘p’=mv. The SI unit for momentum is kgm/s or Ns. The Newton’s second law states that “The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts”

Change in momentum= mv-mu

Rate of change of momentum= mv-mu/∆t

Generally the second law gives rise to the equation of force F=ma

Hence F=mv-mu/∆t and F∆t=mv-mu

The quantity F∆t is called impulse and is equal to the change of momentum of the body. The SI unit for impulse is Ns.

Examples

A van of mass 3 metric tons is travelling at a velocity of 72 km/h. Calculate the momentum of the vehicle.

Solution

Momentum=mv=72km/h=(20m/s)×3×10³ kg

=6.0×10⁴kgm/s

A truck weighs 1.0×10⁵N and is free to move. What force willgiveit an acceleration of 1.5 m/s²? (take g=10N/kg)

Solution

Mass of the truck = (1.0×10⁵)/10=6.0×10⁴

Using F=ma

=1.5×10×10⁴

=1.5×10⁴ N

A car of mass 1,200 kg travelling at 45 m/s is brought to rest in 9 seconds. Calculate the average retardation of the car and the average force applied by the brakes.

Solution

Since the car comes to rest, v=0, a=(v-u)/t =(0-45)/9=-5m/s (retardation)

F=ma =(1200×-5) N =-6,000 N (braking force)

A truck of mass 2,000 kg starts from rest on horizontal rails. Find the speed 3 seconds after starting if the tractive force by the engine is 1,000 N.

Solution

Impulse = Ft=1,000×3= 3,000 Ns

Let v be the velocity after 3 seconds. Since the truck was initially at rest then u=0.

Change in momentum=mv-mu

= (2,000×v) – (2,000×0)

=2,000 v

But impulse=change in momentum

2,000 v = 3,000

v = 3/2=1.5 m/s.

Weight of a body in a lift or elevator

When a body is in a lift at rest then the weight

W=mg

When the lift moves upwards with acceleration ‘a’ then the weight becomes

W = m (a+g)

If the lift moves downwards with acceleration ‘a’ then the weight becomes

W = m (g-a)

Example

A girl of mass stands inside a lift which is accelerated upwards at a rate of 2 m/s². Determine the reaction of the lift at the girls’ feet.

Solution

Let the reaction at the girls’ feet be ‘R’ and the weight ‘W’

The resultant force F= R-W

= (R-500) N

Using F = ma, then R-500= 50×2, R= 100+500 = 600 N.

Newton’s third law (law of interaction)

This law states that “For every action or force there is an equal and opposite force or reaction”

Example

A girl of mass 50 Kg stands on roller skates near a wall. She pushes herself against the wall with a force of 30N. If the ground is horizontal and the friction on the roller skates is negligible, determine her acceleration from the wall.

Solution

Action = reaction = 30 N

Force of acceleration from the wall = 30 N

F = ma

a = F/m = 30/50 = 0.6 m/s²

Linear collisions

Linear collision occurs when two bodies collide head-on and move along the same straight line. There are two types of collisions;

Inelastic collision: – this occurs when two bodies collide and stick together i.e. hitting putty on a wall. Momentum is conserved.
Elastic collision: – occurs when bodies collide and bounce off each other after collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Collisions bring about a law derived from both Newton’s third law and conservation of momentum. This law is known as the law of conservation of linear momentum which states that “when no outside forces act on a system of moving objects, the total momentum of the system stays constant”.

Examples

A bullet of mass 0.005 kg is fired from a gun of mass 0.5 kg. If the muzzle velocity of the bullet is 300 m/s, determine the recoil velocity of the gun.

Solution

Initial momentum of the bullet and the gun is zero since they are at rest.

Momentum of the bullet after firing = (0.005×350) = 1.75 kgm/s

But momentum before firing = momentum after firing hence

0 = 1.75 + 0.5 v where ‘v’ = recoil velocity

0.5 v = -1.75

v =-1.75/0.5 = – 3.5 m/s (recoil velocity)

A resultant force of 12 N acts on a body of mass 2 kg for 10 seconds. What is the change in momentum of the body?

Solution

Change in momentum = ∆P = mv – mu= Ft

= 12×10 = 12 Ns

A minibus of mass 1,500 kg travelling at a constant velocity of 72 km/h collides head-on with a stationary car of mass 900 kg. The impact takes 2 seconds before the two move together at a constant velocity for 20 seconds. Calculate
The common velocity
The distance moved after the impact
The impulsive force
The change in kinetic energy

Solution

Let the common velocity be ‘v’

Momentum before collision = momentum after collision

(1500×20) + (900×0) = (1500 +900)v

30,000 = 2,400v

v = 30,000/2,400 = 12.5 m/s (common velocity)

After impact, the two bodies move together as one with a velocity of 12.5 m/s

Distance = velocity × time

= 12.5×20

= 250m

Impulse = change in momentum

= 1500 (20-12.5) for minibus or

=900 (12.5 – 0) for the car

= 11,250 Ns

Impulse force F = impulse/time = 11,250/2 = 5,625 N

E before collision = ½ × 1,500 × 20² = 3 × 10⁵ J

K.E after collision = ½ × 2400 × 12.5² = 1.875×10⁵ J

Therefore, change in K.E =(3.00 – 1.875) × 10⁵ = 1.25× 10⁵ J

Some of the applications of the law of conservation of momentum

Rocket and jet propulsion: – rocket propels itself forward by forcing out its exhaust gases. The hot gases are pushed through exhaust nozzle at high velocity therefore gaining momentum to move forward.
The garden sprinkler: – as water passes through the nozzle at high pressure it forces the sprinkler to rotate.

Solid friction

Friction is a force which opposes or tends to oppose the relative motion of two surfaces in contact with each other.

Measuring frictional forces

We can relate weight of bodies in contact and the force between them. This relationship is called coefficient of friction. Coefficient of friction is defined as the ratio of the force needed to overcome friction F_f to the perpendicular force between the surfaces F_n. Hence

µ = F_f/ F_n

Examples

A box of mass 50 kg is dragged on a horizontal floor by means of a rope tied to its front. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and the box is 0.30, what is the force required to move the box at uniform speed?

Solution

F_f = µF_n

F_n= weight = 50×10 = 500 N

F_f = 0.30 × 500 = 150 N

A block of metal with a mass of 20 kg requires a horizontal force of 50 N to pull it with uniform velocity along a horizontal surface. Calculate the coefficient of friction between the surface and the block. (take g = 10 m/s)

Solution

Since motion is uniform, the applied force is equal to the frictional force

F_n = normal reaction = weight = 20 ×10 = 200 N

Therefore, µ =F_f/ F_n = 50/ 200 = 0.25.

Laws of friction

It is difficult to perform experiments involving friction and thus the following statements should therefore be taken merely as approximate descriptions: –

Friction is always parallel to the contact surface and in the opposite direction to the force tending to produce or producing motion.
Friction depends on the nature of the surfaces and materials in contact with each other.
Sliding (kinetic) friction is less than static friction (friction before the body starts to slide).
Kinetic friction is independent of speed.
Friction is independent of the area of contact.
Friction is proportional to the force pressing the two surfaces together.

Applications of friction

Match stick
Chewing food
Brakes
Motion of motor vehicles
Walking

Methods of reducing friction

Rollers
Ball bearings in vehicles and machines
Lubrication / oiling
Air cushioning in hovercrafts

Example

A wooden box of mass 30 kg rests on a rough floor. The coefficient of friction between the floor and the box is 0.6. Calculate

The force required to just move the box
If a force of 200 N is applied the box with what acceleration will it move?

Solution

Frictional force F_f= µF_n = µ(mg)

= 0.6×30×10 = 180 N

The resultant force = 200 – 180 = 20 N

From F =ma, then 20 = 30 a

a = 20 / 30 = 0.67 m/s²

Viscosity

This is the internal friction of a fluid. Viscosity of a liquid decreases as temperature increases. When a body is released in a viscous fluid it accelerates at first then soon attains a steady velocity called terminal velocity. Terminal velocity is attained when F + U = mg where F is viscous force, U is upthrust and mg is weight.

CHAPTER FOUR

ENERGY, WORK, POWER AND MACHINES

Energy

This is the ability to do work.

Forms of energy.

Chemical energy: – this is found in foods, oils charcoal firewood etc.
Mechanical energy: – there are two types;
Potential energy – a body possesses potential energy due to its relative position or state
Kinetic energy – energy possessed by a body due to its motion i.e. wind, water

Wave energy – wave energy may be produced by vibrating objects or particles i.e. light, sound or tidal waves.

Electrical energy – this is energy formed by conversion of other forms of energy i.e. generators.

Transformation and conservation of energy

Any device that facilitates energy transformations is called transducer. Energy can be transformed from one form to another i.e. mechanical – electrical – heat energy. The law of conservation of energy states that “energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another”.

Work

Work is done when a force acts on a body and the body moves in the direction of the force.

Work done = force × distance moved by object

W = F × d

Work is measured in Nm. 1 Nm = 1 Joule (J)

Examples

Calculate the work done by a stone mason lifting a stone of mass 15 kg through a height of 2.0 m. (take g=10N/kg)

Solution

Work done = force × distance

= (15× 10) × 2 = 300 Nm or 300 J

A girl of mass 50 kg walks up a flight of 12 steps. If each step is 30 cm high, calculate the work done by the girl climbing the stairs.

Solution

Work done = force × distance

= (50× 10) × (12 ×30) ÷ 100 = 500 × 3.6 = 1,800 J

A force of 7.5 N stretches a certain spring by 5 cm. How much work is done in stretching this spring by 8.0 cm?

Solution

A force of 7.5 produces an extension of 5.0 cm.

Hence 8.0 cm = (7.5 ×8)/ 5 = 12.0 N

Work done = ½ × force × extension

= ½ × 12.0 × 0.08 = 0.48 J

A car travelling at a speed of 72 km/h is uniformly retarded by an applicationof brakes and comes to rest after 8 seconds. If the car with its occupants has a mass of 1,250 kg. Calculate;
The breaking force
The work done in bringing it to rest

Solution

F = ma and a = v – u/t

But 72 km/h = 20m/s

a = 0 -20/8 = – 2.5 m/s

Retardation = 2.5 m/s

Braking force F = 1,250 × 2.5

= 3,125 N

Work done = kinetic energy lost by the car

= ½ mv² – ½ mu²

= ½ × 1250 × 0² – ½ × 1250 × 20²

= – 2.5 × 10⁵ J

A spring constant k = 100 Nm is stretched to a distance of 20 cm. calculate the work done by the spring.

Solution

Work = ½ ks²

= ½ × 100 × 0.2²

= 2 J

Power

Poweris the time rate of doing work or the rate of energy conversion.

Power (P) = work done / time

P = W / t

The SI unit for power is the watt (W) or joules per second (J/s).

Examples

A person weighing 500 N takes 4 seconds to climb upstairs to a height of 3.0 m. what is the average power in climbing up the height?

Solution

Power = work done / time = (force × distance) / time

= (500 ×3) / 4 = 375 W

A box of mass 500 kg is dragged along a level ground at a speed of 12 m/s. If the force of friction between the box and floor is 1200 N. Calculate the power developed.

Solution

Power = F v

= 2,000 × 12

= 24,000 W = 24 kW.

Machines

A machine is any device that uses a force applied at one point to overcome a force at another point. Force applied is called the effort while the resisting force overcome is called load. Machines makes work easier or convenient to be done. Three quantities dealing with machines are;-

Mechanical advantage (M.A.) – this is defined as the ratio of the load (L) to the effort (E). It has no units.

M.A = load (L) / effort (E)

Velocity ratio – this is the ratio of thedistance moved by the effort to the distance moved by the load

V.R = distance moved by effort/ distance moved by the load

c) Efficiency – is obtained by dividing the work output by the work input and the getting percentage

Efficiency = (work output/work input) × 100

= (M.A / V.R) × 100

= (work done on load / work done on effort) × 100

Examples

A machine; the load moves 2 m when the effort moves 8 m. If an effort of 20 N is used to raise a load of 60 N, what is the efficiency of the machine?

Solution

Efficiency = (M.A / V.R) × 100 M.A = load/effort =60/20 = 3

V.R =D_E/ D_L = 8/2 = 4

Efficiency = ¾ × 100 = 75%

Some simple machines

Levers– this is a simple machine whose operation relies on the principle of moments
Pulleys – this is a wheel with a grooved rim used for lifting heavy loads to high levels. The can be used as a single fixed pulley, or as a block-and-tackle system.

M.A = Load/ Effort

V.R = no. of pulleys/ no. of strings supporting the load

Example

A block and tackle system has 3 pulleys in the upper fixed block and two in the lower moveable block. What load can be lifted by an effort of 200 N if the efficiency of the machine is 60%?

Solution

V.R = total number of pulleys = 5

Efficiency = (M.A /V.R) × 100 = 60%

0.6 = M.A/ 5 =3, but M.A = Load/Effort

Therefore, load = 3 ×200 = 600 N

Wheel and axle– consists of a large wheel of big radius attached to an axle of smaller radius.

V.R = R/r and M.A = R/r

Example

A wheel and axle is used to raise a load of 280 N by a force of 40 N applied to the rim of the wheel. If the radii of the wheel and axle are 70 cm and 5 cm respectively. Calculate the M.A, V.Rand efficiency.

Solution

M.A = 280 / 40 = 7

V.R = R/r = 70/5 = 14

Efficiency = (M.A/ V.R) × 100 = 7/14 × 100 = 50 %

Inclined plane: –

V.R = 1/ sin θ M.A = Load/ Effort

Example

A man uses an inclined plane to lift a 50 kg load through a vertical height of 4.0 m. the inclined plane makes an angle of 30⁰ with the horizontal. If the efficiency of the inclined plane is 72%, calculate;

The effort needed to move the load up the inclined plane at a constant velocity.
The work done against friction in raising the load through the height of 4.0 m. (take g= 10 N/kg)

Solution

R = 1 / sin C = 1/ sin 30⁰ = 2 M.A = efficiency × V.R = (72/100)× 2 = 1.44

Effort = load (mg) / effort (50×10)/ 1.44 = 347.2 N

Work done against friction = work input – work output

Work output = mgh = 50×10×4 = 2,000 J

Work input = effort × distance moved by effort

347.2 × (4× sin 30⁰) = 2,777.6 J

Therefore work done against friction = 2,777.6 – 2,000 = 777.6 J

The screw: – the distance between two successive threads is called the pitch

V.R of screw = circumference of screw head / pitch P

= 2πr / P

Example

A car weighing 1,600 kg is lifted with a jack-screw of 11 mm pitch. If the handleis 28 cmfrom the screw, find the force applied.

Solution

Neglecting friction M.A = V.R

V.R = 2πr /P = M.A = L / E

1,600 / E = (2π× 0.28) / 0.011

E = (1,600 × 0.011 × 7) / 22×2×0.28 =10 N

Gears: – the wheel in which effort is applied is called the driver while the load wheel is the driven wheel.

V.R = revolutions of driver wheel / revolutions of driven wheel

V.R = no.of teeth in the driven wheel/ no. of teeth in the driving wheel

Example

Pulley belts: -these are used in bicycles and other industrial machines

V.R = radius of the driven pulley / radius of the driving pulley

Hydraulic machines

V.R = R² / r² where R- radius of the load piston and r- radius of the effort piston

Example

The radius of the effort piston of a hydraulic lift is 1.4 cm while that of the load piston is 7.0 cm. This machine is used to raise a load of 120 kg at a constant velocity through a height of 2.5 cm. given that the machine is 80% efficient, calculate;

The effort needed
The energy wasted using the machine

Solution

R = R² / r² = (7×7) / 1.4 × 1.4 = 25

Efficiency = M.A / V.R = (80 /100) × 25 = 20

But M.A = Load / Effort = (120×10) / 20 = 60 N

Efficiency = work output / work input = work done on load (m g h) /80

= (120 × 10× 2.5) / work input

80 / 100 = 3,000 / work input

Work input = (3,000 × 100) /80 = 3,750 J

Energy wasted = work input – work output

= 3,750 – 3,000 = 750 J

CHAPTER FIVE

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Electric potential difference and electric current

Electric current

Electric potential difference (p. d) is defined as the work done per unit charge in moving charge from one point to another. It is measured in volts.

Electric current is the rate of flow of charge. P. d is measured using a voltmeter while current is measured using an ammeter. The SI units for charge is amperes (A).

Ammeters and voltmeters

In a circuit an ammeter is always connected in series with the battery while a voltmeter is always connected parallel to the device whose voltage is being measured.

Ohm’s law

This law gives the relationship between the voltage across a conductor and the current flowing through it. Ohm’s law states that “the current flowing through a metal conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the ends of the wire provided that temperature and other physical conditions remain constant”

Mathematically V α I

So V /I = constant, this constant of proportionality is called resistance

V / I = Resistance (R)

Resistance is measured in ohms and given the symbol Ω

Examples

A current of 2mA flows through a conductor of resistance 2 kΩ. Calculate the voltage across the conductor.

Solution

V = IR = (2 × 10^-3) × (2 × 10³) = 4 V.

A wire of resistance 20Ω is connected across a battery of 5 V. What current is flowing in the circuit?

Solution

I = V/R = 5 / 20 = 0.25 A

Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors

Ohmic conductors are those that obey Ohms law(V α I) and a good example is nichrome wire i.e. the nichrome wire is not affected by temperature.

Non-ohmic conductors do not obey Ohms law i.e. bulb filament (tungsten), thermistor couple, semi-conductor diode etc. They are affected by temperature hence non-linear.

Factors affecting the resistance of a metallic conductor

Temperature – resistance increases with increase in temperature
Length of the conductor– increase in length increases resistance
Cross-sectional area– resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of a conductor of the same material.

Resistivity of a material is numerically equal to the resistance of a material of unit length and unit cross-sectional area. It is symbolized by ρ and the units are ohmmeter (Ωm). It is given by the following formula;

ρ = AR /lwhere A – cross-sectional area, R – resistance, l – length

Example

Given that the resistivity of nichrome is 1.1× 10^-6Ωm, what length of nichrome wire of diameter 0.42 mm is needed to make a resistance of 20 Ω?

Solution

ρ = AR /l, hence l = RA/ ρ = 20 × 3.142 × (2.1×10^-4) / 1.1 × 10^-6 = 2.52 m

Resistors

Resistors are used to regulate or control the magnitude of current and voltage in a circuit according to Ohms law.

Types of resistors

Carbon resistor

Fixed resistors – they are wire-wound or carbon resistors and are designed togive a fixed resistance.

ii) Variable resistors – they consist of the rheostat and potentiometer. The resistance can be varied by sliding a metal contact to generate desirable resistance.

Wire-wound resistor

Resistor combination

Series combination

Consider the following loop

Since it is in series then,

V_T = V₁+ V₂ + V₃

The same current (I) flows through the circuit (resistors), hence

IR_T= I (R₁+ R₂ + R₃), dividing through by I, then

R_T = R₁ + R₂ + R₃

Therefore for resistors connected in series the equivalent resistance (R_eq) is equal to the total sum of their individual resistances.

R_eq = R₁ + R₂ + R₃

Parallel combination

Consider the following circuit

Total current is given by;

I_T = I₁ + I₂ + I_3.But I_T = V_T/R_T = V₁/R₁ + V₂/R₂ + V₃/R₃

Since in parallel, V_T = V₁ = V₂ = V₃

Then 1/R_T = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ +1/R₃, for ‘n’ resistors in parallel

1/R_T = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ +1/R₃………… 1/R_n

If only two resistors are involved then the equivalent resistance becomes

1/R_eq= 1/R₁ + 1/R₂= (R₁ + R₂)/ R₁ R₂

Examples

Calculate the effective resistance in the following

Solution

This reduces to

Combining the two in parallel;

1/R_eq = (R₁ + R₂)/R₁ R₂ = 20/96

1/R_eq = 20/96, therefore R_eq = 96/20 = 4.8 Ω

Lastly combining the two in series;

Then R_eq = 4 Ω + 4.8 Ω = 8.8 Ω

In the diagram below, a current of 0.8 A, passing through an arrangement of resistors as shown below. Find the current through the 10 Ω

Solution

Combining those in series then this can be replaced by two resistors of 60 Ω and 40 Ω.

Current through 10 Ω = (p.d. between P and R)/ (30 + 10) Ω

p.d between P and R = 0.8 × R_eq. R_eq = (40 × 60)/ 40 + 60 = 2400/ 100 = 24 Ω

p.d across R and P = 0.8 × 24 (V=IR)

therefore, current through 10 Ω = 19.2 / 10 + 30 = 0.48 A

Electromotive force and internal resistance

Electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the p.d across a cell when no current is being drawn from the cell. The p.d across the cell when the circuit is closed is referred to as the terminal voltage of the cell. Internal resistance of a cell is therefore the resistance of flow of current that they generate. Consider the following diagram;

The current flowing through the circuit is given by the equation,

Current = e.m.f / total resistance

I = E / R + rwhere E – e.m.f of the cell

Therefore E = I (R + r) = IR + I r = V + I r

Examples

A cell drives a current of 0.6 A through a resistance of 2 Ω. if the value of resistance is increased to 7 Ω the current becomes 0.2 A. calculate the value of e.m.f of the cell and its internal resistance.

Solution

Let the internal resistance be ‘r’ and e.m.f be ‘E’.

Using E = V + I r = IR + I r

Substitute for the two sets of values for I and R

E = 0.6 × (2 + 0.6 r) = 1.2 + 0.36 r

E = 0.6 × (7 × 0.2 r) = 1.4 + 0.12 r

Solving the two simultaneously, we have,

E = 1.5 v and R = 0.5 Ω

A battery consists of two identical cells, each of e.m.f 1.5 v and internal resistance of 0.6 Ω, connected in parallel. Calculate the current the battery drives through a 0.7 Ω

Solution

When two identical cells are connected in series, the equivalent e.m.f is equal to that of only one cell. The equivalent internal resistance is equal to that of two such resistance connected in parallel. Hence R_eq = R₁ R₂ / R₁ + R₂ = (0.6 × 0.6) / 0.6 + 0.6 = 0.36 / 1.2 = 0.3 Ω

Equivalent e.m.f =1.5 / (0.7 + 0.3) = 1.5 A

Hence current flowing through 0.7 Ω resistor is 1.5 A

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Grade 3 Rationalized Notes

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Searching for free Grade 3 Rationalized Notes? Search no more. Download the notes below at no extra cost:

GRADE-3-CREATIVE-ARTS-NOTES.pdf
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Grade_3_Rationalized_Creative_Arts_Notes_(Term_1__2_and_3).pdf
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Teachers' Resources

CELL AND SIMPLE CIRCUIT PHYSICS NOTES, REVISION QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

PHYSICS NOTES AVAILABLE FOR ALL FORMS ALL TOPICS. TOPICAL QUESTIONS ARE ALSO PROVIDED.

BELOW IS A SAMPLE OF THE NOTES FOR FORM 1 CELLS AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS.

Electric circuitis the complete path along which the electric charges flow.

A simple electric circuit consists of a cell, a bulb, a switch and connecting wires.

When the switch is closed charges flows and the bulb lights.

A closed circuit ~ This is a circuit in which the switch is closed and the

current flows in a completepath.

An open circuit~ This is a circuit in which the switch is open and current does not flow.

Electric current –This is the flow of charge per unit time.

Where t = time in seconds

Q = It

The SI unit of current isAmpere (A).

Current is measured using an instrument calledammeter.

EXAMPLES.

Calculate the amount of current flowing through a bulb if 72C of charges flow through it in 20seconds.
Calculate the amount of current flowing through a bulb if 300C of charges flow through it in 2.5minutes.
Calculate the amount of charge passing through a point in a circuit if a current of 5A flows for 1.5 minutes.

A current of 10A was passed through an electrolyte for 1½ hours. Calculate the quantity of electricity used.

Some common circuit symbols

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE(Pd)&THE ELECTROMOTIVE

FORCES(e.m.f)

The positive terminal of a cell has a higher potential than the negativeterminal.Due to this, current flows from the positive to the negative terminal.The higher the potential differences the stronger the current.

EMFis the voltage drop across the terminals of cells in an open circuit.It is the force of the battery that drives the current around the circuit.

Pdis the voltage drop across a component in a closed circuit.It is the part of the e.m.f that drives current across a component such as a bulb in a circuit.

The e.m.fis always higher than Pd.

BothPdandEMFare measured using an instrument calledVoltmeterand the SI unit isVolts(v).

NOTE: In a circuit theVoltmetershouldalways be connected in parallel with the cells or othercomponents whilethe ammeter is connected in series with the cells.

CELLS IN SERIES & PARALLEL CONNECTION

Cells in series

This is connecting the positive terminal of one cell to the negative terminal of another cell.

If the e.m.f of each cell is 1.5V then the total e.m.f is 1.5 + 1.5 + 1.5 = 4.5V

In a series connection the brightness of the bulb increases as more cells are added.

CELLS IN PARALLEL.

These are cells connected positive to positive terminal and negative to negative.

The totale.m.f is equivalent to that of a single cell ie1.5V.The circuit behaves as if only one cell is being used. Even if more cells are added, the brightness of the bulb does not increase because the current remains the same.

NOTE

If one of the cell in parallel has less voltage, it will drain the other hence they shud not be connected.
The current produced in a parallel connection is supplied for a longer time than in a series connection.

BULBS IN SERIES & PARALLEL CONNECTION.

Seriesconnection.

The bulbsdivide the voltage from the cells amongst themselves and theyhave the same current.If one bulb is disconnected, the other goes off.

Parallel connection

Eachbulbhas the same voltage as the cells. They are brighter than those in series. The flow of current is independent ie if one bulb is disconnected, the other continuous lighting with the same brightness.Parallel connection of bulbs is preferred in domestic wiring.

CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS

Conductorsare those materials that allow electric current to flow through them eg metals.

They have mobileelectrons that can move freely when e.m.f is connected.

In a conductor only the electrons move, the protons (+vecharges) do not move since they are held tightly in the nucleus.

When a conductor is connected to a cell, the flow of electronscreates an electric current in the opposite direction.

The electrons flow from the –veto +vewhile the electric currents flows from +veto-ve.

While dealing with electricity we only consider the electric current i.e from positive to negative.

Insulators– These are material that do not allow current to

flow through them eg wood, plastics. They have no mobileelectrons.

Electrolytes~These are Liquids that conduct electricity are. Eg

dilH₂SO₄,solution of NaCl

SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

Electricity can be obtained from cells, batteries, generators and solar panels

CHEMICAL CELLS

They produce e.m.f due to a chemical reaction between two different metalelectrodes of different rates of reaction and an Electrolyte.

Chemical cells are classified either as primary or secondary cells.

PRIMARY CELLS

These are cells that cannot be recharged once the chemicals are exhausted.

These are two types of primary cells

Simple primary cell.
DryLeclanche

SIMPLE PRIMARY CELLS(wetcell)

It consists ofelectrodes ofcopper and zinc dipped in dilute sulphuric acidsolution.

(Zinc is more reactive than copper in the reactivity series)

When the switch is closed, the two electrodes reacts with the acid and a current is generatedmaking the bulb light.

The zincelectrode is the most reactive and hence is the –ve terminaland is called the Cathode.While the copperelectrode being the less reactive is the+veplate and is called theAnode

The current flows from the copper plate(+ve)to zinc plate.(–ve)

DEFECTS OF A SIMPLE CELL

It has two defects ie Polarization and Local action

Polarization

This is the formation of H₂ gasbubbles around the copper plate.

As the reaction continuous hydrogen gasbubbles are formed on the copper plate which blocks electrons from reaching the copper plate in the solution.

This increasesinternal resistance and hence the bulb goes off.

Polarization is minimized by adding a depolarizer eg potassium dichromate.

The depolarizer combines with the hydrogen gas on the copper plate to form water which dissolves in the electrolyte.

2H₂ + 0₂ = 2H₂O

Local action

This is the eating away of the zinc plate as it reacts with the acid.The zinc plate reacts with the acid and itis eaten away.

Local action can be reduced by coating the zinc plate with mercury in a process calledamalgamation.

A simple primary cell can also be made by dipping the two electrodes into a lemon as shown below.

The lemon being acidic acts like and electrolyte.

DRY LECLANCHE CELLS

It consists of a zinc case, ammonium chloride paste, a carbon rod and manganese IV oxide mixed with carbon powder

During the working of the cell, zinc reacts with NHCl paste and is converted to ZnCl₂and hydrogen gas is produced.

TheManganese (IV) oxideacts as a depolarizer by convertingthe H₂ gasproduced to water. This makes the cell wet after being used up.

The carbon powder only acts as a catalyst by speeding up the working of MnO₂_.

The zinc case is the negative electrode while the carbon rod is the positive electrode.

NOTE: Large currents should not be drawn from dry cell within a short time.

SECONDARY CELLS (ACCUMULATOR)

These are cells that can be recharged by passing electric current through them.

There are two types of accumulators

Lead acid accumulators
Alkaline accumulators

LEAD ACID ACCUMULATORS.

A lead acid accumulator consists of +veand -veplates made of lead metal and lead oxide respectivelydipped indilH₂SO₄acid. The current carrying capacity of a battery is determined by

The number of plates.
Surface area in each cell.

A12V lead acid accumulator has six cells connected in series each of2V.

When fully charged,the accumulator has an e.m.f of about13Vwhile the relative density is 1.3.

The two quantities that determine whether a battery requires charging are:

m.f of the battery~When the voltage drops to 1.8Vper cell.
Relative density of the acid~When the RDof the acid reducesto

1.12dueto formation of water.

The accumulator is recharged by connecting a direct current(dc)to the battery positiveto positive terminal and negative to negative terminal of the charger.

CAPACITY OF LEAD–ACID ACCUMULATOR

This is the amount of current that can be drawn in a given time from a battery. It is the total amount of chargeQ=Itand it is expressed in Ampere –hour (Ah).

EXAMPLE.

A battery supplies a current of 5A for 10 hours. Calculate its capacity.
A battery rated 60Ah is supplied with a current of 4A.For how long will it work?
A battery rated 40Ah supplies a current for 120minutes. Find the current.
A battery supplies a current of 5A for 180 minutes. Calculate its capacity.

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF ACCUMULATORS

Never short circuit the battery.
Do not overcharge the battery.
Large currents should not be drawn from the battery for along time~it damages the plates.
It should not be left in discharge condition for along period.
The terminal should always be kept clean and greased.
The level of electrolyte should always be kept above the plates
It should not be placed directly on the ground. Use a wooden block.
When recharging, leave the caps open or loose to allow the Hydrogenand Oxygengas formed to escape~H₂and O₂ gas are highly flammable and hence can explode.
Avoid direct flame, since the H₂ and O₂ gas produced can easily explode.

ALKALINE ACCUMULATORS

These accumulators usealkaline electrolyte (base) mostly (KOH). The common type is the nickel cadmium ornickel iron.

Advantages ofalkalineaccumulators overlead acid

accumulators.

Large currents can be drawn from them.
They are lighter (portable) than lead acid.
They require very little attention to maintain.
They can be stored in discharge condition for longer

time without getting damaged.

Disadvantages ofalkalineaccumulators

They are expensive
They have a lower e.m.f per cell.

Teachers' Resources

ORAL LITERATURE, POETRY NOTES, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

Section C- QUESTIONS

Read the story given below and answer the questions that follow:-

THE HARE AND THE TORTOISE

The hare was always laughing at the tortoise because he walked so slowly. “Really I don’t know why you bother to go at all,” she sneered. ‘By the time you get there it will all be over-whatever it is.’

The tortoise laughed. “I may be slow.’ He said, ‘but I bet I can get to the end of the field before you can. If you want to race, ill prove it to you.’

Expecting an easy victory the hare agreed and she bounced off as fast as she could go. The tortoise plodded steadily after her.

Now it was in the middle of a very hot sunny day and before long, the hare started to feel a little drowsy. I think ill just take a short nap under this hedge. ‘She said to herself.’ Even if the tortoise passed by ill catch him up in a flash. The hare lay down in the shade and was soon fast a sleep. The tortoise plodded on under the midday sun. Much later, the hare awoke. It was later than she had intended but she looked round confidently ‘No sign of old tortoise, I see, even if I did have rather more than forty winks.’

Away she went, running through the short grass and the growing corn, leaping ditches and brambles with ease. In a very short time she turned the last corner and paused for a moment to look at the place where the rope was to end. There, not a yard from the finishing line was the tortoise, plodding steadily on. One foot after another, nearer and nearer to the end of the race.

With a great bounce the hare streaked forward. It was too late. Though she threw herself panting over the line , the tortoise was there before her.

‘Now do you believe me?’ Asked the tortoise. But the hare was too out of breath to reply.

i) Classify the above narrative
ii) Why did the hare always laugh at tortoise?

iii) Why did the hare feel drowsy?

iv) What made it possible for hare to lose the race?
v) Try to picture yourself as the story teller charged with the responsibility of narrating this

particular story. What story telling devises would you employ?

vi) Why did the tortoise laugh at Hare’s comment?

vii) Describe how tortoise’s own words “…. I may be slow but I bet I can get to the end of the

fields before you can…..”eventually proved to be true.

viii) Mention any two moral lessons you can learn from this story

POETRY

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:-

CRAZY PETER PRATTLES

So what is the mountain deal

about the minister’s ailing son

that he makes boiling news?

How come it was not whispered

when Tina’s hospital bed crawled with maggots

and her eyes oozed pus

because the doctors lacked gloves?

What about Kasajja’s only child

who died because the man with the key

to the oxygen room was on leave?

I have seen queues

of emaciated mothers clinging to

babies with translucent skins

faint in line

and the lioness of a nurse

commanding tersely

“Get up or leave the line’

Didn’t I hear it rumoured that

the man with the white mane

and black robes

whose mouth stores the justice of the land

ushered a rape case out of court

because the seven-year-old

failed to testify?

Anyway, I only remember these things

when I drink,

they are indeed tipsy explosion

(Crazy Peter Prattles’ by Susan Nalugwa Kiguli in Echoes Across the Valley: Ed. Arthur I. Luvai and Kwamchetsi Makokha)

(a) What problems are highlighted in the poem about the state of health care?

(b) What is the significance of the rhetorical question in the first stanza?

(d) (i) Identify the problem that the fifth stanza deals with

(ii) How does this connect with the problems in the previous stanzas?

(e) Explain the meaning of the following words as they are used in the poem

(i) Oozed ….

(ii) Emaciated………………..

(iii) Translucent ..

(f) What is the significance of the last stanza?

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.

I MET A THIEF

On the beach, on the coast,

Under the idle, whispers coconut towers,

Before the growling, foaming, waves,

I met a thief, who guessed I had

An innocent heart for her to steal.

She took my hand and led me under,

The intimate cashew boughs which shaded

The downy grass and peeping weeds

She jumped and plucked the nuts for me to suck:

She sang and laughed and pressed close

I gazed; her hair was like the wool of a mountain sheep,

Her eyes, a pair of brown –black beans floating in milk.

Juicy and round as plantain shoots

Her legs, arms and neck:

And like wine-gourds her pillowy breasts:

Her throat uttered fresh banana juice:

Matching her face-smooth and banana-ripe.

I touched-but long I even tasted,

My heart had flowed from me into her beast:

And then she went-high and south-

And left my carcass roasting in thee

a) Who is the persona?
b) What is the relevance of the title?
c) Paraphrase the last stanza
d) Identify and explain the significance of the three stylist devices employed in the poem
e) Of what race is the ‘thief’ in the poem?
f) Explain the meaning of the line ‘an innocent heart for her to steal’
g) Identify one economic activity portrayed in the poem

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:

THE PROSTITUTE

There I see her coming

With borrowed steps

Like a coward ghost

Out of grass covered graveyard

She comes

Bearing no more

That attractive dames

Cover like soft babes

These

She has exposed

to bitter weather

and lusty eyes.

There I see her coming

like a nestles bird

that enters any nest

for a transient stay

at times

finding snakes

or hostile hawks

There I see her coming

like a black jack

a poisonous pest

that infects the city’s plantation

diseasing the young

and old plant

There I see her

coiling herself around

tourists and bosses

like a parasitic

climbing plant

There I see her coming

from the back door

like a forged coin

that assumes the high value

yet always hounded by spies

I stand to see her

when the forged coin is found

when the immigration birds

are back in their nests

or when the dog

that it constantly feeds on

is washed with DDT

or when the dog is dead

on a tarmac road

and when the stems are cut

in the dry windy season

a) Name FOUR things the person referred to as ‘her’ has been likened to.
b) What is the main theme of the poem? Explain with suitable examples
c) What is the attitude of the poet towards the subject of the poem? Illustrate using words or

phrase from the poem?

d) Identify three stylistic devices used in the poem and show their effectiveness in bringing out

the poet’s message.

(e) Explain the meaning of the last stanza – what mood does it express?

ORAL LITERATURE

Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow:

THE WICKED CHIEF

There lived once a wicked chief. Nobody liked him, because of his wickedness. He was wicked to old men and women. By pretending to be kind he tried to be popular to young men who lived in that country. When the chief won over young men, they all liked him.

One day, the chief called all the young men and told them, “My friends, don’t you see?” They asked, “What?” you should kill all of them. Everybody should kill his father.”

Ah: (that they should kill their fathers). As a result, everybody whose father was old brought him to be killed. This one went and brought him to be killed. This one went and brought him to be killed, the other went brought his father to be killed. They killed all the old men, leaving one only.

He was a father of a man who said no. “Why should the chief kill all old men and why would I send my father to be killed?” He got down and went to dig a large hole and concealed it nicely. He sent his father there, where he had dug. He fetched wood and put it across and coved it with soil, making a small hole for air to pass through. At that time, they had finished to kill all the old men.

When the chief finished executing them, he then called all the young men. “My friends we have now finished killing all our old men. This is a cow I am giving to you. I am so happy we have got rid of these old men, so go and kill the cow. When you have killed the cow, cut the best part of its meat and bring it to me. If you don’t bring it, you yourself are not safe.”(That is all right) eh;

The young men rushed out and slaughtered the cow, which is the best part of the meat of a cow? They were worried

They went and cut the liver and sent it to him. He asked whether or not that was the best part of the meat. They answered yes. They added part of the bile. He said that wasn’t the best part of the meat and they should go and find it quickly. The people became more worried.

Every night the young man secretly took food to his father. One day he took food to his father, who asked about the news of the town. He said, “My father, now we are suffering. When we killed all the old men, the chief gave us a cow to go and kill. When we killed the cow, he said we must both find the sweetest and the best part of the meat and bring to him, that if we do not bring them, we are not safe ourselves. This is what is worrying us.” The old man laughed, but asked him if he knew the sweetest part of the meat. He said no. He again asked if he did not know the bitterest part. He said no. “Then the sweetest and the bitterest is the tongue. When you go, cut the tongue and sent it to him and say that is the sweetest part of the meat and the bitterest.”

The man rushed home while all the people sat down, undecided about what to do. If something had not happened they might have thrown the whole meat away and run away. When the boy arrived he said, “My friends take the tongue of the cow in.” they cut the tongue for him, and he took it to the chief’s palace.

He went and threw it down and said, “Chief, see the sweetest part of the meat and the bitterest part also.”

The chief sat down quietly and finally said, “You did not kill your father. Speak the truth. You have not killed your father.”

He said, “It is the truth, I didn’t kill him. When all the other men were killing their own fathers I went and hid mine.”

He said, “You are the son of a wise old man. The sweetest and the bitterest part of a meat is the tongue. As for that all these young men are fools. Why should somebody send his father to be killed? But if you want the sweetest part of the meat, find the tongue, were it not for your tongue, you would not have an enemy: it is also because of your tongue that you will not have a friend.”

Classify the above narrative
State any two characteristics of oral narratives present in the narrative above
Identify and discuss any two characteristics traits of the chief and any one character of the young man (who didn’t kill the father)
Explain any moral lesson that can be learned from this narrative
Give one economic activity practices by the community from which this narrative

was taken

Identify any two styles in the oral narrative
Why do you think the chief wanted all the old men to be killed?

Read The Poem Bleow And Answer The Questions Below:

Would you know my name if I saw you in heaven?

Would it be the same if I saw you in heaven?

I must be strong and carry on, cause I know I don’t belong here in heaven.

Would you hold my hand if I saw you in heaven?

Would you help me stand if I saw you in heaven?

I’ll find my way through night and day, cause I know I can’t just stay here in heaven

Time can bring you down, time can bend your knees

Time can break the heart; have you ‘begging’ “please” ‘begging’ “please”

Beyond the door there’s peace, I’m sure

And I know there will be no more tears in heaven.

Would you know my name if I saw you in heaven?

Would you be the same if I saw you in heaven?

I must be strong and carry on, cause I know I don’t belong here in heaven.

‘Cause I know I don’t belong here in heaven.

a) What is the subject matter of this poem? Illustrate your answer
b) Identify and illustrate the feature of style evident in stanza three
c) Give and illustrate two examples of the persona’s statements to illustrate his attitude

of admiration

d) What is the implication of rhetorical questions beings set in conditional tenses?
e) What is the personas imagination of life in heaven? f) In note form, give the main item of the last stanza
g) Explain the meaning of the following phrases as used in the poem
i) Hold my hand…… –
ii) Break the heart……

iii) No more tears………

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:- *UGU* You see that Benz sitting at the rich’s end?

Ha! That Motoka is Motoka.

It belongs to the minister for fairness

Who yesterday was loaded with doctorate

At Makerere with whisky and I don’t know what

Plus I hear the literate thighs of an undergraduate.

You see those market women gaping their mouths?

The glory of its inside has robbed them of words

I tell you the feathery seats the gold steering

The TV the radio station the gear!

He can converse with all the world presidents

While driving in the back seat with his darly

Between his legs without the driver seeing a thing!

Ha! Ha! Ha!

Look at the driver chasing the children away

They want to see the pistol in the door pocket

Or the button that lets out bullets from the machine

Through the eyes of the car – Sshhhhhhhhh

Lets not talk about it.

But I tell you that Motoka can run

It sails like a lijato, speeds like a swallow

And doesn’t know anyone stupid on its way

The other day I heard

But look at its behind, that mother of twins!

A-ah That Motoka is Motoka.

You just wait, I’ll tell you more

But let me first sell my tomatoes

(By THEOLUZUKA)

(a) Who is the persona?

b) Briefly explain what the poem is all about.
c) Identify any two stylistic devices used in the poem.
d) Explain the character of the market women as portrayed in the poem.
e) Explain the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem.
i) Ha! That Motoka is Motoka.
ii) The glory of its inside has robbed them of the words.

iii) But look at its behind, that mother of twins. *UGU*

f) Describe the tone of the poem and comment on the persona’s attitude towards the

minister for fairness.

g) Identify the economic activity of the people portrayed in this poem.

Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow:-

AFTER A WAR

The outcome? Conflicting rumours

As to what faction murdered

The one man who, had he survived

Might have ruled us without corruption

Not that it matters now:

We’re busy collecting the dead

Counting them, hard though it is

To be sure what side they were on

What’s left of their bodies and faces

Tells of no need but for burial

And mutilations was practiced

By right, left and centre alike

As for the children and women

Who knows what they wanted

Apart from the usual things?

Food is scarce now, and men are scarce

Whole villages burnt to the ground

New cities in disrepair

The war is over, somebody must have won

Somebody will have won. When peace is declared

(a) According to the poem, what are the consequences of war?

(b) What techniques has the poet employed and what are their effects?

(d) Explain the meaning of the following lines:–

(i) Food is scarce now, men are scarce*KSW*

(ii) Whole villages burnt to the ground

(e) From the poem, why would you say that war is a no win situation?

(f) What’s the mood of the poem?

Read the oral narrative below and answer the questions that follow:

Why Zebra has stripped skin

Long ago, man tamed only the dog. Before he started taming any other animal, it was said that the donkey could also be tamed. This story came from one hunter.

One day while hunting, this hunter killed a large animal, which was too heavy for him to carry along. So, as he wondered how to carry his kill he saw a donkey pass nearby and an idea came to his mind. “Why not place this carcass on the donkey so that it can help me?” he wondered. He did not know what would happen if he tried this because the donkey was also a wild animal. Nevertheless he decided to try.

So he followed the donkey and luring it with sweet words and grass, the donkey allowed him to place his load on its back without resistance. He then led the way until they arrived home. After unloading the donkey, he gave it more grass and some water. It ate and drunk and appeared happy. From that day, the donkey never left the hunter’s homestead; and he gave the donkey food and drink daily. The donkeys multiplied and there were many donkeys in this homestead, all helping the hunter to carry his loads. Soon, the story went round that somebody had tamed a donkey, which he was using as a beast of burden. Villagers came to see for themselves and they were impressed with the way the hunter’s donkeys were working. Having satisfied their curiosity, they also went out into the wild to look for donkeys to tame. The donkey became a famous beast of burden in the whole village and beyond, carrying all the heavy loads that men and women could not even lift with assistance.

As all this was happening, the donkeys which were left in the wild did not know what was going on. They would only see their friends go away with men and women never to return. They came to understand that they had been deserted only after most of their friends had been taken away. The few who were left started to hide deep in the woods to avoid any contact with human beings. But their efforts to hide were all in vain! Human beings had realized that donkeys were very useful animals. So they made every possible effort to catch them even from deep in the forest.

This problem disturbed the wild donkeys. Many of their kind had been captured by human beings. The rumours spreading around were that the captured ones were made to work very hard with only little food, since there was no time to graze, while those left in the wild grazed the whole day and even during the night.

Indeed, this was frightening. The rest of the donkeys decided to act quickly, lest they too be captured. They called a meeting at which they discussed what should be done to stop the movement of donkeys into people’s homes. When the meeting came to a stalemate, one donkey suggested that they should seek help from Hare since he was known to be cunning and clever. All agreed to seek advice from Hare.

The next morning, the donkey representative went to Hare. Hare was only too willing to help. Therefore Hare asked him to tell all his friends to come to his compound early the next morning. They agreed. When they arrived, they found Hare with whitewash in a large bucket and a brush in his hand. They were all at a loss as to know how this whitewash was going to help them. When they enquired, Hare attempted to explain but they could not understand.

So Hare asked one of them to volunteer for a demonstration but none wanted to. Then Hare approached one old donkey and whispered in its ear saying, “Once you have been painted, you will not be a donkey any more and human beings will not take you away.” The old donkey said, “I will volunteer because if the human beings take me and put loads on my back, I will die.” So the Hare quickly started painting stripes of whitewash on this donkey. Soon, the entire body of the donkey was filled with white and grey stripes. When the other donkeys looked at the painted donkey, they admired it and some wanted to be painted. But others came to the painted donkey and it whispered something in their ears. So they rushed and crowded around Hare and although he warned them that they had to be careful with the whitewash, they did not heed his warning. They jostled, pushed, fought and even bit each other in the struggle to be the next one to be painted. It was during this struggle to be painted that one donkey toppled the bucket containing the whitewash, pouring the entire contents on the grass from where it could not be recovered. The donkeys that had been painted remained in the forest because human beings did not capture them for they looked different from the domesticated ones. The striped donkeys changed their name from donkey to Zebra. All the ones that remained unpainted after the whitewash were captured by the human beings and taken to their homes to labour for them up to this day. And there ends my story.

(Adapted from Kenya Oral Literature Narratives, A selection edited by Kavetsa Adagala

and Wanjiku .M. Kabira. East African Educational Publishers.)

. (a) Classify , with reasons, this story

(b) Identify and illustrate the following:-

(i) One economic activity

(ii) One social activity.

(d) What was the agenda of the meeting held by the donkeys?

(e) What is the attitude of the donkeys towards the Hare?

(f) What were the consequences of the donkey’s struggle to be painted?

(g) Apart from personification, what other features of oral narratives have been used in this story

(h) Explain the character of the donkeys in the 2^nd last paragraph

(i) Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions as used in the story

(i) Beast of burden……..

(ii) Demonstration…..

(iii) Toppled…………………..

10. Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow

SYMPTOMS OF LOVE

Love is a universal migraine,

A bright stain on the vision

Blotting out reason.

Symptoms of true love

Are leanness, jealousy,

Laggard dawns;

Are omens and nightmares-

Listening for a knock.

Waiting for a sign:

For a touch of her fingers

In a darkened room,

For a searching look

Take courage, lover!

Could you endure such pain

At any hand but hers?

(Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry and Drama, McGraw-Hill, 2000)

Questions

a) Identify the persona in the poem (2 mks)
b) What is the persona’s attitude towards love? (Explain) (3 mks)
c) Describe the tone of the poem with evidence from it (3 mks)
d) Identify and explain any three figures of speech used in the poem (6 mks)
e) Describe the mood of the poem citing evidence to support your answer (3 mks)
f) Explain the rhetorical question at the end of the poem (2 mks)
g) Explain the meaning of each of the following expressions as used in the poem
i) Migraine
ii) Laggard dawn’s

iii) Searching look

Read the following oral poem and answer the questions that follow:-

Don’t cry baby

Sleep little baby

Father will nurse you

Sleep baby sleep

Little bird flitting away to the forest so fast

Tell me, little bird, have you seen her

Have you seen my crying baby’s mother?

She went to the river at early dew

A pot upon her head

But down the water floats her pot

And the path from the river is empty

Shall I take him under the palm?

Where the green shade rests at noon?

Oh no, no

For the thorns will prick my baby

Shall I take him under the giant baobab

Where the silk cotton plays with the wing?

Oh no, no

For the termite- eaten bough will break

And crush my little baby

My little sleeping baby

The day is long and the sun grows hot

So, sleep, my little baby, sleep

For mother is gone to a far, far land- Alas!

She is gone beyond the river.

a) Give four features which prove that the above oral poem is a lullaby
b) Identify and illustrate the two speakers in the poem
c) Why is the singer hesitant to take the baby under the shade?
e) Identify and illustrate any two characteristics of oral poems evident in the above poem
f) What is the singer’s attitude towards the baby?
g) Comment on social organization of the people in the community where this song was collected

Read the following oral poem and answer the questions that come after it:

The earth does not get fat,

It makes an end of those who wear the head plumes,

We shall die on the earth

The earth does not get fat. It makes an

end of those who act swiftly as heroes

Shall we die on the earth?

Listen O earth. We shall mourn because of you,

Listen O earth. We shall die on the earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end of chiefs

Shall we all die on the earth?

The earth does not get fat.

It makes an end of the women chiefs

Shall we die on earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end of the royal women

Shall we die on earth?

Listen O earth. We shall mourn because of you.

Listen O earth. We shall die on the earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes

an end of the beasts.

Shall we die on the earth?

Listen you who are a sleep, who are

left tightly closed in the land.

Listen you who are asleep, who are left tightly closed in the land.

Shall we all sink into the earth?

Listen O earth, the sun is setting tightly.

We shall all enter into the earth

(Source: Akivaga.K and Odaga A.B, Oral Literature: A school certificate course)

a) Classify this song and give reasons for your classification
b) What is the subject matter in this song?
c) Identify and comment on two features of style that are characteristic of songs
d) Describe the attitude of the singer to the subject he/she is singing about
e) What social belief is brought out in this song?
f) Explain the meaning of the following lines :-
i) The earth does not get fat
ii) We shall all enter into the earth iii)…… who are tightly closed in the land.

Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow

I SHALL RETURN

I shall return, I shall return again

To laugh and love and watch with wonder eyes

At garden noon the forest fires burn,

Wafting their blue black smoke to sapphire skies

I shall return to loiter by the streams

That bathe the brown blades of bending grasses,

And realize once more my thousand dreams

Of waters rushing down the mountain passes

I shall return to hear the fiddle and fife

Of village dances, dear delicious tunes

That stir the hidden depths of native life

Stray melodies of the dim-remembered tunes

I shall return, I shall return again

To ease my mind of long, long years of pain

(Claude McKay)

(a) Explain briefly what the poem is about (3mks)

(b) In NOTE form, identify four things which the persona is longing to return to (4mks)

used in the poem (6mks)

(d) What is the tone of the poem? Illustrate your answer (2mks)

(e) In what kind of environment is the persona living? Explain your answer (2mks)

(f) What specific name is given to the poems with one stanza and fourteen lines as

one above?

(g) What is the name given to the last two lines ending in similar sound? (1mk)

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:

POETRY:- OUT CAST

They met by accident So they had to separate

He proposed the idea The boy remains illegitimate.

She gave her consent

All the way to the alter. Last month not long ago

They both took their go

The casualty was male Coincidentally by accident

And his pigment was pale Nothing to inherit.

Unlike his alleged sire

Who was black with Ire The poor boy is hardly ten

And knows no next of kin

The recourse was legitimate He roams the street of town.

He declaimed responsibility Like a wind sown outcast.

So they had to separate

The boy remains illegitimate.

a) Who is the persona in this poem? (2 mks)
b) What is the message in the poem? (4 mks)
c) Comment on any three stylistic device used in the poem. (6 mks)
d) What is the persona’s attitude towards the ”they?” (2 mks)
e) Comment on the last stanza. (3 mks)
Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow:

The inmates

Huddled together,

Cold biting their bones,

Teeth chattering from the chill,

The air oppressive,

The smell offensive

They sit and they reflect.

The room self-contained,

At the corner the gents’ invites

With the nice fragrance of ammonia,

And fresh human dung,

The fresh inmates sit thoughtfully.

Vermin perform a guard of honour,

Saluting him with a bite here,

And a bite there,

Welcome to the world’ they seem to say.

The steel lock of the door,

The walls insurmountable

And the one torching torturous bulb

Stare vacantly at him.

Slowly he reflects about the consignment

That gave birth to his confinement

Locked in for conduct refinement

The reason they put him in the prison.

The clock ticks

But too slowly

Five years will be a long time

Doomed in the dungeon

In this hell of a cell.

(a) What is the attitude of the speaker towards the fresh inmate? (4mks)

(b) Explain the atmosphere created through description in the poem (4mks)

(d) Identify and explain any three stylistic devices in the poem (6mks)

(e) Explain the mood of the new convict (2mks)

(f) Explain the meaning of the following line:

‘Locked in for conduct refinement (2mks)

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow: (20mks)

THE FOOLISH OLD MAN

My father began as a god

Full of heroic tales

Of days when he was young

His laws were as immutable

As if brought down from Sinai

which indeed he thought they were.

He fearlessly lifted me to heaven

By a mere swing to his shoulder

And made me a godling

By seating me astride

Our milk cow’s back and too,

Upon the great white gobbler.

of which others went in constant fear.

Strange then how he shrank and shrank

Until by my time of adolescence

He had become a foolish small old man

with silly and outmoded views

of life and morality.

Stranger still

that as I became older

his faults and his intolerances

scatted away into the past

revealing virtues

such as honesty, generosity, integrity.

Strangest of all

how the deeper he recedes into the grave

the more I see myself

as just one more of the little men

who creep through life

no knee – high to this long-dead god.

(Ian Mudie)

(a) Briefly comment on the theme of the poem (4mks)

(b) Comment on the suitability of the tittle of the poem (3mks)

(c)What is the attitude of the persona towards his father? (3mks)

(d) Identify and explain any three stylistic devices used in the poem (6mks)

(e) What do the following groups of people learn from the poem?

(i) Parents. ……………… (ii) Children………

(f) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the poem. (2mks)

Immutable…………… Outmoded……………………

17 . ORAL LITERATURE

Read the story below and then answer the questions which follow:-

When she is the only one at the foot of the mortar-stones the hen only scratches with one paw. For she has, so she thinks, plenty of time to choose her grains for corn.

Ponda certainly was not the only girl in M’badane, but she had only to appear for the most beautiful, and far from being fastidious and difficult to please as might have been expected, she was only too anxious to find a husband, as she was afraid of growing into an old maid, for she had already turned sixteen. On their side suitors were not lacking: every single day her girl-friends’ brothers and fathers, young men and old men from other villages, sent griots and dialis bearing gifts and fine words to ask her hand in marriage.

If it had only depended on herself Ponda would certainly by now have a baby tied on her back, either good, or bad-tempered and crying. But in the matter of marriage, as in all things a girl must submit to her father’s will. It is her father who must decide whom she is to belong to: a. Prince, a rich dioula or a common badolo who sweats in the field in the sun; it is for her father to say it he wishes to bestow her on a powerful marabout or an insignificant talibe.

Now Mor, the father of Ponda had demanded neither the immense bride-price of a rich man, nor the meager possession of a badolo; still less had he thought of offering his daughter to a marabout or to a marabout’s disciple in order to enlarge his place in paradise. Mor simply told all those who come to ask for his daughter, whether for themselves, for their masters, for their sons or for their brothers:

“I will give Ponda without demanding bride-price or gifts, to the man who will kill an ox and send me the meat by the agency of a hyena; but when it arrives not a single morsel of the animal must be missing.”

That was more difficult than making the round-cared Narr-the-Moor keep a secret. It was more difficult than entrusting a calabash full of honey to a child and expect him not to even dip his little finger in. You might as well try prevent the sun from leaving his home in the morning or retiring to bed to the end of the day. You might as well forbid the thirsty sand to drink the first drop s of the first rains. Entrust meat to Bouki-the-Hyena? You might as well entrust a pot of butter to a burning fire. Entrust meat to Bouk and prevent her from touching it.

But how can you entrust meat; even dried meat to a hyena, and prevent her to touch it? It was an impossible task, so said the griots as they ended their way home to their masters: so said the mothers who had come on their sons’ behalf, so said the old men who had come to ask for the

beautiful Ponda for themselves.

A day’s walk form M’Badane lay the village of N’diour. The inhabitants of N’Diou were by no means ordinary folk’ they were, or so they believed, the only men and the only women since earliest times to have tamed the double hyenas, with whom in fact they lived in perfect peace and good understanding. It is true that the people of N’Diour did their share to maintain these good relations.

Every Friday they killed a bull which they offered to Bouki-the-Hyena and her tribe. Of all the young men of N’Diour, Birane was the best at wrestling as well as working in

the fields, he was also the most handsome. When his griot brought back presents that Mor had refused, and told him the conditions which Ponda’s father had laid down, Birane said to himself:

“I shall be the one to win Ponda for my bed,” He killed an ox, dried the meat, and put it in a goatskin; the skin was enclosed in a coarse cotton bag and the whole thing placed in the middle of ‘a truss straw.

On Friday, when Boruki came with her family to partake of the offering given by the people of N’Diou Birane went to her and said, ‘My griot, who has no more sense than a babe at the breast and who is as stupid as an ox has brought the fine gifts that I sent to Ponda, the daughter of Mor of N’Badane. I am certain that if you, whose wisdom is great and whose tongue is as honey, took this simple truss of straw to N’Badane to the house of Mor you would only need to say, “Birane asks for your daughter, “for him to grant her to you”.

“I have grown old, Birane, and my back is no longer very strong, but N’Bar, the oldest of

my children, is full of vigour and he has inherited a little of my wisdom. He will go to N’Badane

for you, and I am sure that he will acquint himself well of your mission.”

M’Bar set off very early in the morning, the truss of straw on his back. When the dew moistened the truss of straw the pleasant Odour of the meat began to float in the air. M’bar-thehyena stopped, lifted his nose sniffed to the right, sniffed to the left, then resumed his way, a little less hurriedly it seemed. The smell grew stronger, the Hyena stopped again, bared his teeth, thrust his nose to the right, to the left, into the air, then turned round and sniffed to the four winds. He resumed his journey, but now hesitating all the time, as if held back by this penetrating, insistent smell which seemed to come from all directions.

Not being able to resist it any longer, M’Bar left the track that led from N’Diour to N’Badane, made huge circling detours in the veld, ferreting to the right, ferreting to the left continually retracing his steps, and took three whole days instead of one to reach N’Badane.

N’Bar was certainly not in the best of tempers when he entered Mor’s home. He did not wear the pleasant expressions of a messenger who comes to ask a great favour. This smell of meat that impregnated all the grass and all the bushes of the veld and still impregnated the huts of N’Bedane and the courtyard of Mor’s home, had made him forget on the ‘way from N’Diour all the wisdom that Biouki had instilled into him, and stilled the gracious words that one always expects from a petitioner. M’Bar scarcely even unclenched his teeth to say: Assalamou aleyokoum!” and nobody could even hear his greeting; but as he threw down the truss of straw from his back had bent under its weight, he muttered in a voice that was more than disagreeable, ‘Bitane of N”Diour sends you this truss of staw and asks for your daughter. Under the very eyes of M’Bar the Hyena, first astonished, then indignant, then covetous Mor cut the liana ropes that bound the truss of a straw, opened it up and took out the bag of coarse cotton; from the coarse cotton bag of he took out the goat-skin and from the goatskin the pieces of dried meat.

‘Go’, ‘Mor, said to M’Bar-the-hyena, who nearly burst with rage at the sight of all that meat he had unsuspectingly earned for three days, and which was spread out, there without his being able to touch a single bit. (for the folk of N’Badane were not like the inhabitants of N’Diour, and in M’Badane hunting spears were lying all round). ‘Go,’ said Mor, ‘go and tell Birane that I give him my daughter. Tell him that he is not only the most spirited and the strongest of all the young men of N’Diour, but he is also the shrewdest.

He managed to entrust meat to you, hyena, he will be able to keep a sharp watch on his wife and outwit all tricks.’

a) What type of oral narrative is this?
b) State one economic activity of the community from which the story is taken. c) What two aspects of Birane’s character come out in this story? d) What moral lesson do we learn from this narrative?
e) Identify two significant devices used in this narrative and comment on their

effectiveness

f) Identify three aspects of social life in the community from which the oral narrative is set

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.

“SYMPATHY”

I know what the caged bird feels, alas !

When the sun is bright on the upland slopes;

When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass

And the river flows like a stream of glass;

When the first bird sings and the first bud opens,

And the faint perfume from its petals steals-

I know what the caged bird feels!

I know why the caged bird beats his wing

Till its blood is red on the cruel bans;

For he must fly back for his perch and cling

When he rather would be on the branch a – swing;

And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars

And they pulse again with a keener sting –

I know why he beats his wing!

I know why the caged bird sings, ah me,

When his wing is bruised and his blossom sore,

When he beats his bars and would be free;

It is not a song of joy or glee,

But a prayer that he sends from his heart’s deep core,

But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings –

I know why the caged bird sings !

(Adapted from the poem by Paul Lawrence Dunbar

In American Negropoetry, edited by Arna Bontemps.

New York: Hill and Wang, 1974)

(a) Explain briefly what the poem is about .

(b) What does the poet focus on in each of the three stanzas? Give your answer in note form.

(d) What can we infer about the persona’s own experiences?

(e). Identify a simile in the first stanza and explain why it is used.

(f). Explain the meaning of the following lines: (i) “And the faint perfume from its petals steals”.

(ii) “And they pulse again with a keener sting “

Teachers' Resources

Form 1 Term 1, 2 and 3 Free Exam Papers For All Subjects

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

Form One Term 1, 2 and 3 Free Exam Papers For All Subjects

F1 BIO MS.docx
F1 AGRI MS.docx
F1 GEO QS.docx
F1 HIST QS.docx
F1 HIST MS.docx
F1 MATHEMATICS QS.docx
F1 PHYSICS QS.docx
F1 BIO QS.docx
F1 CRE MS.docx
F1 CRE QS.docx
F1 MATHS MS.pdf
F1 AGRI QS.docx
F1 CHEM MS.docx
F1 CHEM Qn.docx
F1 ENGLISH QS.docx
F1 BIO QS (2).docx
F1 BST QS.docx
F1 ENGLISH MS.docx
F1 GEO MS.docx
F1 BST MS.docx
F1 KISWAHILI MS.docx
F1 PHY MS.pdf
F1 KISWAHILI QSTNS.docx
F1 BST MS (2).docx

Teachers' Resources

Latest KCSE Mocks Plus Marking Schemes (Full papers)

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

Latest KCSE Mocks & Marking Schemes – Boost Your Exam Preparation |

Access the latest KCSE Mocks and Marking Schemes to enhance your exam readiness. Find comprehensive papers and solutions below;

[bsk-pdfm-pdfs-columns id=”2033,2034,2035,2036,2037,2038,2039,2040,2041,2042,2043,2044,2045,2046,2047,2048,2049,2050,2051,2052,2053,2054,2055,2056″ columns=”2″ target=”_blank”]

Teachers' Resources

BUSINESS STUDIES LESSON PLANS FORM 1 FREE

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

TEACHERS NAME..TSC NO.

SCHOOL/INSTITUTION.

CLASS: FORM 1

SUBJECT: BUSINESS TOPIC INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS STUDIES

SUB TOPIC: MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS STUDIES

WEEK: 4 LESSON NO: 1, 2

DATE.TIME.

OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to explain the meaning of business studies, Explain the importance of business studies in the society

LESSON PRESENTATION

TIME

CONTENT

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

RESOURCE MATERIALS

5 Minutes

30 Minutes

5 Minutes

Introduction

Introduction to new topic on business studies, trying to define business studies

Content

Defining business studies, identifying key word in business studies such as goods, services, production, distribution, consumption, economic, commerce etc. explaining the meaning of key word in business studies.

Discussing the importance of business studies in society

Conclusion

Summary of the lesson giving a brief summary on meaning of business studies and major key words.

Discussion

Explaining

Teacher/learner discussions

Visit to relevant business ventures in the immediate environment

Answering relevant questions

Group work on relevant tasks

Discussion

Explaining

Diagrams

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

Inventor KLB book 1 pages 1-3

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

Diagrams

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

SELF EVALUATION:

TEACHERS NAME..TSC NO.

SCHOOL/INSTITUTION.

CLASS: 1

SUBJECT: BUSINESS TOPIC BUSINESS AND its ENVIRONMENT

SUB TOPIC: MEANING AND PURPOSE OF A BUSINESS

WEEK: 4 LESSON NO: 3

DATE.TIME.

OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to explain the meaning and purpose of a business

LESSON PRESENTATION

TIME

CONTENT

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

RESOURCE MATERIALS

5 Minutes

30 Minutes

5 Minutes

Introduction

Recap of previous lesson content on meaning of business studies and major key words i.e. goods, services, production, distribution, consumption , economic, commerce

Content

Defining business and its environment, discussing the purpose of business. Discussing the types of business activities i.e. extraction, processing of raw materials, manufacturing, construction, distribution, trade, provision.

Discussing the business environment and their effects on the business

Conclusion

Summary of the lesson by giving a brief summary on business and its environment, the purpose of business. The types of business activities i.e. extraction, processing of raw materials, manufacturing, construction, distribution, trade, provision.

Discussion

Explaining

Teacher/learner discussions

Visit to relevant business ventures in the immediate environment

Answering relevant questions

Group work on relevant tasks

Discussion

Explaining

Diagrams

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

Inventor KLB book 1 pages 5-7

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

Diagrams

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

SELF EVALUATION:

TEACHERS NAME..TSC NO.

SCHOOL/INSTITUTION.

CLASS: 1

SUBJECT: BUSINESS TOPIC BUSINESS AND its ENVIRONMENT

SUB TOPIC: MEANING AND PURPOSE OF A BUSINESS

WEEK: 4 LESSON NO: 3

DATE.TIME.

OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to explain the meaning and purpose of a business

LESSON PRESENTATION

TIME

CONTENT

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

RESOURCE MATERIALS

5 Minutes

30 Minutes

5 Minutes

Introduction

Recap of previous lesson content on meaning of business studies and major key words i.e. goods, services, production, distribution, consumption , economic and commerce

Content

Discussing the business environment and their effects on the business

Conclusion

Discussion

Explaining

Teacher/learner discussions

Visit to relevant business ventures in the immediate environment

Answering relevant questions

Group work on relevant tasks

Discussion

Explaining

Diagrams

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

Inventor KLB book 1 pages 5-7

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

Diagrams

Charts

Resource persons

Chalkboard and pieces of chalk

Teachers' Resources

POETRY WITH ANSWERS- COLLECTED POEMS, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS PDF

October 5, 2025 Hillary Kangwana Leave a comment

POETRY (20 MARKS)

Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow.

In the city

All moving the Lord knows where,

Dressed in suits and tatters,

Bowties, tights, ochred sheets and earrings,

All thinking of things to come,

Africa is in a state of opportunity,

All look for easy chances.

Of self-upliftment or undeserved promotion

That often mirage further and further

Making frustrate

Minds that should be content

It is a time of opportunity-

When one line makes a poet

And a little acquaintance or chance

Rockets one to the highest office

But the peasant, the pillar of the nation,

Has only to cope with prices that shift

Like the waves that rock the ship

carrying yellow maize to the city.

The employed call out strikes

That only deplete the little funds

That may relieve the peasant-

The elder brother keeps the younger in hunger

At home, if there’s any,

The child plays with an empty bottle,

Cries for more milk

When the cost is daily on the rise

While the incomes remain static

And the higher brackets are daily filled

By youths that will not retire

Within this century.

The child laughs gaily,

Displaying its only four teeth

That show it grows to eat,

Unaware of all that shapes her decade

Adapted from a poem by Joseph G. Mutiga

a) Who is the persona in the poem ? (2 marks)
b) Briefly describe what the poem is about. (3 marks)
c) Explain the significance of the first line in the poem. (2 marks)
d) Identify the aspect of style used in stanza six and show its effectiveness. (3 marks)
e) Describe the kind of society presented in this poem. (2 marks)
f) What is the tone of the poem ? Support your answer. (3 marks)
g) Identify and discuss the use of sarcasm in the second-last stanza. (3 marks)
h) Explain the meaning of the following lines in the poem. (2 marks)
i) Africa is in a state of opportunity
ii) The pillar of the nation

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

You embarrass me…

Mwananchi

Why do you embarrass me with your questions

About the new Mercedes I bought

The large farm I own

The houses, the wives,

An inflated stomach!

Mwananchi

Why do you threaten me with your threats

The threats in your bloodshot eyes

Fixedly pointed at me wherever I go

Like if you are ready

To release the arrow that will deflate me

Into nothingness;

Even the watchmen, the dogs, the police

Are all not enough to protect me

From your increasing shouts to protest

Against my good judgement;

Mwananchi

Have you forgotten how you loved me

And gave me your vote

That I may be your man in parliament?

Now that I have the power

I will mend your confused senses

And keep you in prison

Until you see me as your leader again

And keep those bloodshot eyes away from me

I will charge like an angry lion

And scare you out of your wits

Until like a frightened dog,

You keep your head forever…

Everett M. Standa

Identify the persona in the poem. (2 marks)
What is the message of the poem? (4 marks)
Identify and comment on any two aspects of style in the poem. (6 marks)
Describe the tone of the poem. (2 marks)
Identify and illIustrate two character traits of Mwananchi. (4 marks)
Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the poem. (2 marks)
Inflated stomach
Scare you out of your wits.

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.(20 mks)

Song of Agony

I put on a clean shirt

And go to work

Which of us

Which of us will come back?

Four and twenty moons

Not seeing women

Not seeing my hand

Which of us

Which of us will die?

I put on a clean shirt

And go to work my contract

To work far away

I go beyond the mountain

Into the bush

Where the roads end

And the rivers run dry

Which of us

Which of us will come back?

Which of us

Which of us will die?

Questions

Who is the persona in the poem? Explain. (2 marks)
Briefly discuss the subject matter in this poem. (3 marks)
Identify two stylistic devices in the poem and show their effectiveness. (4 marks)
Show how the persona and the others suffer in the poem. Illustrate your answer. (4 marks)
What is the dominant mood in the poem? (2 marks)
Is the title of this poem suitable? Explain (3 marks)

Identify and explain one economic activity practiced by the persona’s community.

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow

THE NECKLACE

From a distance

Fearful of inching any further,

A cold sweat trickled rivulets,

Making me shiver at noon.

Undaring to approach the form

It was over in minutes,

The necessities of execution availed,

The firestone tyre,

Petrol in blackened tin,

And ignites in numerous hands

Each participant ready and anxious,

To set the man a flame.

As the smouldering form blackened,

Smell of sizzling flesh filling in the air

Piercing the nostrils,

And choking me breathless,

I watched in wonder,

Witness to an unwritten law.

As the crowd dispersed,

The haggling and bargaining resumed,

Buying, selling and cheating,

As men in uniform arrived,

Bearing away the charred remains

Questions

a) How relevant is the title of the poem above? (2 marks)
b) Describe the character of the executionists in the poem (2 marks)
c) What was needed to carry out the execution? (3 marks)
d) Explain the difference in the use of the word “form” in stanza one and stanza three (2 marks)
e) (i) Who is the persona ? (1 mark)

(ii) What deters the persona from getting closer to the scene of action? (1 mark)

f) Explain the meaning of the following phrases as used in the poem (3 marks)
i) Smell of sizzling flesh
ii) Each participant ready and anxious

iii) Witnessed to an unwritten law

g) What mood is portrayed in the poem? (2 marks)
h) Paraphrase the last stanza (4 marks)

Read the poem below and answers the questions that follow (20 MARKS)

WEDDING EVE

Should I

Or should I not

Take the oath to love

For ever

This person I know little about?

Does she love me

Or my car

Or my future

Which I know little about?

Will she continue to love me

When the future she saw in me

Crumbles and fades into nothing

Leaving the naked me

To love without hope?

Will that smile she wears

Last through the hazards to come

When fate strikes

Across the dreams of tomorrow?

Like the clever passenger in a faulty plane,

Wear her life jacket

And jump out to save her life

Leaving me crush into the unknown?

What magic can I use

To see what lies beneath

Her angel face and well knit hair

To see her hopes and dreams

Before I take an oath

To love forever?

We are both wise chess players

She makes a move

I make a move

And we trap each other in our secret dreams

Hoping to win against each other

Everett Standa

QUESTION

Comment on the title of this poem. 3 marks
Explain the dilemma of speaker in the first stanza. 2 marks
What is the speaker’s attitude towards their relationship?
Discuss and illustrate two character traits of the persona. 4 marks
Comment on the imagery of the plane. 3 marks
Explain how the relationship is compared to a game of chess. 3 marks
Explain the meaning of the following line: leaving the naked me. 3 marks

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

The inmates

Huddled together

Cold biting their bones

Teeth chattering from the chill,

The air oppressive,

The smell offensive

They sit and they reflect

The room self contained

At the corner the ‘gents’ invites

With the nice fragrance of ammonia,

And fresh human dung,

The fresh inmates sit thoughtfully

Vermin perform a guard of honour

Saluting him with a bite here

And a bite there

‘Welcome to the world, they seem to say’

The steel lock of the door

The walls insurmountable

And the one torching tortuous bulb

Stare vacantly at him

Slowly he reflects about the consignment

That gave birth to his confinement

Locked in for conduct refinement

The reason they put him in prison

The clock ticks

But too slowly

Five years will be a long time

Doomed in the dungeon

In this hell of a cell

Who is the persona in the poem? (1 mark)
Briefly explain what the poem is about. (2 marks)
Identify and illustrate three aspects of style in the poem. (6 marks)
Give evidence from the poem which indicates the inmates are suffering. (3 marks)
Why is the fresh inmate in prison? (2 marks)
Identify and explain the mood of the new convict. (2 marks)
Explain the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem.
That gave birth to his confinement (1 mark)
The room is self contained (1 mark)
What does the steel lock in the door and the insurmountable walls suggest? (2 marks)

Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow.

The Courage That My Mother Had

The courage that my mother had

Went with her, and is with her still;

Rock and New England quarried;

Now granite in a granite hill.

The golden brooch my mother wore

She left behind for me to wear;

I have nothing I treasure more;

Yet, it is something I could spare.

Oh, if instead she’d left to me

The thing she took into the gravel!

The courage like a rock, which she

Has no more need of, and I have.

(Had – Edna St. Vincent Millay)

a) Briefly explain how the poem is about. (4 marks)
b) Is the speaker male or female? How do you know? (2 marks)
c) What does the speaker wish the mother had left behind? Why can’t the wish be fulfilled? (3 marks)
d) Describe the character trait of the mother in the poem. (2 marks)
e) Identify and illustrate the imagery used in the poem. (4 marks)
f) What is the speaker’s attitude towards the mother and the golden brooch in the poem. (3 marks)
g) Rewrite the following in your own words: (2 marks)

“Has no more need of, and I have”

Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow.

THE PAUPER.

Pauper, pauper, craning your eyes

In all directions, in no direction!

What brutal force, malignant element,

Dared to forge your piteous fate?

Was it worth the effort, the time?

You limply lean on a leafless tree

Nursing the jiggers that shrivel your bottom

Like baby newly born to an old woman.

What crime, what treason did you commit

That you are thus condemned to human indifference?

And when you trudge on the horny pads,

Gullied like the soles of modern shoes,

Pads that even jiggers cannot conquer;

Does He admire your sense of endurance

Or turn his head away from your imprudent presence?

You sit alone on hairless goatskins,

Your ribs and bones reflecting the light

That beautiful cars reflect on you,

Squashing like between your nails.

And cleaning your nails with dry saliva.

And when He looks at the grimy coating

Caking off your emaciated skin,

At the rust that uproots all your teeth

Like a pick on a stony piece of land,

Does He pat his paunch at the wonderful sight?

Pauper, pauper, crouching in beautiful verandas

Of beautiful cities and beautiful people,

Tourists and I will take your snapshots,

And your M.P. with a shining head and triple chin

Will mourn your fate in a supplementary questions at question time.

(Adapted from poems from East Africa, by Cook and Rubadiri EDS)

i) Identify the persona in the poem above. (2 marks)
ii) What evidence from the poem suggest that the subject is poor? (4 marks)

iii) Comment on the writer’s use of imagery in stanza two. (3 marks)

iv) Apart from the imagery indentified in (iii) above, discuss any two other stylistic devices employed in the poem. (4 marks)
v) What is the persona’s attitude towards the M.P. (2 marks)
vi) Discuss one theme brought out in the poem. (2 marks)

vii) Explain the meaning of the following words and expression as used in the poem. (3 marks)

a) Emaciated .
b)
c) Gullied like the soles of modern shoes.

ORAL LITERARY

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.

DEATH IS A WITCH

Solo: Ah, what shall I do, Abuluhya?

It’s wrong

Chorus: Today I will say

Death is a witch, my people

It snatched my child

I will remain alone

Solo: Ah what shall I really do, Abuluhya its very wrong

Chorus: Today I will say

Death is a witch, my people

It snatched my child

I will weed along

Solo: Ah, what shall I really do, Abuluhya it’s wrong

Chorus: Today I will say

Death is a witch, my people

It snatched my child

I will dance alone

Solo: My child, my friend, I cry what shall I do? I cry

What shall I do? I cry x2

a) Classify the above oral poem giving reasons. (2 marks)
b) What is the singer’s attitude towards death? (2 marks)
c) What two things are lost when this song is written down? Use suitable illustrations from the song to support your answer.

(4 marks)

d) Identify one character trait of death brought out in this poem. (2 marks)
e) With illustrations, identify social-economic activities of the community from which this song is drawn. (4 marks

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.

OUT-CAST

They met by accident

He proposed the idea

She gave her consent

All the way to the altar

The casualty was male

And his pigment was pale

Unlike his alleged sire

Who was black with ire

The recourse was legitimate

He disclaimed responsibility

So they had to separate

The boy remains illegitimate

Last month, not long ago

They both took their go

Coincidentally by accident

No will, no estate

Nothing to inherit

The poor boy is hardly ten

And knows no next-of-kin

He roams the streets of town

Like a wind-sown out-cast

Gathemia

Briefly explain what the poem is about. (4 marks)
Describe two characters traits of the mother in the poem (4 marks)
Explain the meaning of the following as used in the poem. (3 marks)

Unlike his alleged sire who was black with ire

Identify and explain one instance of irony in the poem (3 marks)
What is the persona’s attitude towards the boy in the poem? (3 marks)
Rewrite the following in your own words. (1 marks)

(‘They both took their go’)

Give a proverb which appropriately summarizes this poem. (2 marks)

Read the following oral poem and answer the questions that follow.

After a brief struggle I got myself

A job

My food was meat and banana

flour

A hundred cents a month and

soon I had some money.

Soon afterwards I bought myself

A beautiful girl

My heart was telling time this

was a fortune

So heart you were deceiving

me and I believed you

On a Saturday morning as I was

leaving work

I was thinking I was being

awaited at home

But on arrival I couldn’t find my bride

Nor was she in her parents home

I ran fast to the river valley;

What I saw gave me a shock.

There was my wife conversing

with her lovers.

I sat and silently wept.

I realized there is no luck in this world.

People aren’t trustworthy and

will never be!

Place this song in its appropriate genre. (2 Marks)
State and illustrate two functions of this song. (4 Marks)
What evidence is there to show that this is an Oral Poem? (4 Marks)
Explain briefly what the poem is about. (2 Marks)
Give any two character traits of the singer. (4 Marks)
Identify and illustrate two economic activities practiced by the society in the song. (4 Marks)

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end-

Of those who wear the head plumes

We shall die on the earth. The earth

does not get fat. It makes an end of those who act swiftly as heroes.

Shall we die on the earth?

Listen O earth. We shall mourn because of you.

Listen O earth. Shall we all die on the earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end of

The chiefs. Shall we die on earth? The

earth does not get fat. It makes an end

Of the women chiefs. Shall we die on earth?

Listen o earth. We shall mourn because of you.

Listen O earth. Shall we all die on earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end

Of the nobles. The earth does not get fat

It makes an end of the royal women.

Shall we die on earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end

of the common people. Shall we die on the earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end of all the beasts

Shall we die on the earth?

Listen you who are asleep, who are left

tightly closed in the land. Shall we all sink

Into the earth? Listen O

Earth the sun is setting tightly. We shall enter into the earth.

We shall not enter into the earth.

(From: ‘The Heritage Of African Poetry’)

a) What is the poem about? (3 mks)
b) Who is the persona in the poem? (2mks)
c) Identify and illustrate any two features of style used in the poem? (4mks)
d) What is the tone of the persona in the poem? (2mks)
e) What in the poem shows that death is indiscriminate in its manifestations? (2mks)
f) Describe the political setting of the community from which the poem originates. (2mks)
g) What is the mood of the poem? (2mks)
h) Explain what the expressions below mean : (3mks)
i) The earth does not get fat .
ii) Those who wear the head plumes

iii) Earth the sun is setting tightly

Read the poem below and then answer the question that follow.

AFRICA

Africa my Africa

Africa of proud warriors in the ancestral savannah’s

Africa my grandmother sings of

Beside her distant river

I have never seen you.

But my gaze is full of your blood.

Your black spilt over the field.

The blood of your sweat

The sweat of your toil

The toil of slavery

The slavery of your children.

Africa, tell me Africa,

Are you the back that bends.

Lies down under the weight of humbleness?

The trembling back stripped red.

That says yes to the whips on the road of noon?

Solemnly a voice answers me

“Impetuous child, that young and sturdy tree.

That tree that grows.

There splendidly alone among white and faded flowers.

Is Africa, your Africa. It puts forth new shoots.

With patience and stubbornness pouts forth news shoots.

Slowly its fruits grow to have

That bitter taste of freedom.

Who is the persona 2mks
What is the message of the poem? 3mks
Identify any three stylistic devices used in the poem. 6mks
What is the tone of the poem? 3mks
From the above poem, explain the meaning of the following lines?

a)’ But the gaze is full of your blood. Your blood spilt over the field.’ 1mk

b)’ Africa, my Africa

Africa of proud warriors in the ancestral Savannah’ 1mk

But my gaze is full of your blood. 1mk

(Add an appropriate question tag)

What is the meaning of the following words? 3mks
i) Solemnly
ii) Sturdy

iii) Toil

Read the following poem and respond to the questions appropriately.

THE SMILING ORPHAN

And when she passed away,

They came,

Kinsmen came,

Friends came,

Everybody came to mourn her.

Hospitalized for five months

The ward was her world

Fellow patients her compatriots

The meager hospital supply-her-diet

When she was dying

Her son was on official duty

The state demanded his services

Her only daughter, uneducated,

Sat by her

Crying, praying waiting for an answer

From God far above

Wishing, she spoke the language

Figures in white-coats do understand

They matched, the figures did

Stiff, numb and deaf, to the cries and wishes

Of her dying mother

As she was dying

Friends and kinsmen TALKED of her

How good, how helpful: a very practical woman

None reached her: they were too busy, there waws no money,

Who would look after their homes?

Was it so crucial their presence?

But when she passed away, they came,

Kinsmen came, friends hired cars to come,

Neighbours gathered to mourn her,

They ought to be there, to be there for the funeral

So they swore

The mourners shrieked out cries

As they arrived in the busy compound of the dead.

Memories of loved ones no more

Stimulated tears of many.

They cried dutiful tears for the deceased

Now stretching their hands all over to help

The daughter looked at them

With dry eyes, quiet, blank

The mourners pinched each other

Shocked by the stone – heartedness

Of the be-orphaned.

She sat: watching the tears soak their garments

Or in the soil around them; wasted

That night, she went to her love,

In the freshly made emergency grass hut,

And let loose all ties of the Convectional Dress she wore

Submitting to the Great Power, she whispered:

‘Now ……………….

You and I must know Now………….

Tomorrow you might never understand

Unable to lick my tears ……………..

And there was light

In the darkness of the hut

While outside

The mourners cried

Louder thant he Orphan

By Grace Birabwa Isharaza

Questions

a) Who is the persona in the poem? (2 marks)

Read the following poem and respond to the questions appropriately.

‘STILL I RISE’

You may write me down in history

With your bitter, twisted lies,

You may trod me in the very dirt

But still, like dust, I’ll rise.

Does my sassiness upset you?

Why are you beset with gloom?

‘Cause I walk like I’ve got oil wells’

Pumping in my living room.

Just like moons and like suns,

With the certainity of tides

Just like hopes springing high,

Still I’ll rise.

Did you want to see me broken?

Bowed head and lowered eyes?

Shoulders falling down like tear drops.

Weakened by my soulful cries.

Does my haughtiness offend you?

Don’t you take it awful hard

‘cause I laugh like I’ve got gold mines

Diggin’ in my own backyard.

You m,ay shoot me with your word

You may cut me with your eyes,

You may kill me with your hatefulness,

But still, like air, I’ll rise.

Out of the hurts of history’s shame

I rise

Up from a past that’s rooted in pain

I raise

I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide,

Welling and swelling I bear

In the tide

Leaving behind nights of terror and fear

I rise

Into a day brake that is wondrously clear

I rise

Bringing the gifts that my

Ancestors game,

I am the dream and the

Hope of the slave

I rise

Adapted from: Maya Angelous’ STILL I RISE (1978)

With support from the poem, briefly explain what the poem is about. (3 marks)
Identify three challenges that the speaker in the poem contends with. (3 marks)
What is the attitude of the speaker towards these challenges? (2 marks)
Identify and illustrate figures of speech from the poem above. Comment on their effectiveness. (4 marks)
Other than the style in (4) above, identify and illustrate other two stylistic devices employed by the poet. (4 marks)
Explain the meaning of the following phrases as they are used in poem. (3 marks)
a) ‘Cause I laugh I’ve got gold mines’
b) ‘But still, like dust, I’ll rise’.
c) I am Black Ocean, leaping and wide.
Supply the following sentence with ethe correct question tag. (1 mark)

I am the dream and the hope of the slave.

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.

I WENT TO CHURCH.

I went to church today.

Yes I went and prayed for all

Friends and foes a like.

Dead and those alive.

I also prayed hard.

For the soul of that soldier.

Who got short.

Fighting for our motherland

While I shot hot life into his wife.

And I prayed to God too

That I live long

To go and pray again

Questions.

What is the poem about? (4 marks)
Identify and illustrate any two character traits of the speaker. (4 marks)
c) Identify and illustrate three poetic devices used in the poem. (6 marks)
d) What is the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem. (2 marks)
i) While I shot hot life into his wife.
ii) That I live long to go and pray again.
e) i) What is the tone of the poem (2 marks)
ii) Explain the overriding mood of the poem. (2 marks)

Read the poem below and then answer the question that follows. (20 mark)

THE PRESS

So What is the mountain deal?

About the minister’s ailing son

That makes boiling news?

How come it was not whispered?

When Tina’s hospital bed was crawled with maggots

And her eyes oozed pus

Because the doctors lacked gloves?

What about Kasajja’s only child

Who died because the man with the key

To the oxygen room was on leave?

I have seen queues

Of emaciated mothers clinging to

Babies with translucent skins

Faint in line

And the lioness of a nurse

Commanding tersely

‘Get up or live the line’

Didn’t I hear it rumored that

The man with the white mane

Ushered a rape case out of court

Because the seven-year-old

Failed to testify?

Anyway, I only remembered these things

Ehen I drink

They indeed tipsyexplosions.

Susan Nalugwa Kiguli
Adopted By from: Echoes across the valley.

Questions

Identify and explain the social evils dealt with in the poem. (6 marks)
Pick out three poetic devices evident in this poem and comment on their significance. (6 marks)
Comment on the tone of the poem. (2 marks)
Is the title significant? Why or why not? (2 marks)
Explain the irony of the poem? (2 marks)
Explain the meaning of the following words: (2 marks)
Crawled
Ushered

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

Their City

City in the sun

without any warmth

except for wanaotosheka

and the tourists escaping

from civilized boredom

Sit under the Tree

any Saturday morning

and watch the new Africans,

the anxious faces

behind the steering wheels

in hire purchase cars

see them looking important

in a tiny corner

behind the chauffeur

We have seen them

in a nightmare,

the thickset directors

of several companies;

we have seen them

struggling under the weight

of a heavy lunch

on a Monday afternoon

cutting a tape

to open a building,

we have seen them

looking over their

gold-rimmed glasses

to read a speech

And in the small hours

between one day and the next

we have strolled through

the deserted streets

and seen strange figures

under bougainvillea bushes

in traffic islands

figures hardly human

snoring away into

the cold winds of the night;

desperately dying to live.

(Lennard Okola)

Questions.

a) Who is the persona in the poem? (2 marks)
b) Explain what the poem is about. (3 marks)
c) What is achieved by repetition of “We have seen them”? (2 marks)
d) Identify and explain two thematic concerns of the poet. (4 marks)
e) Why are the “new Africans” said to have anxious faces? (2 marks)
f) Explain the meaning of the expression;

figures hardly human

desperately dying to live. (2 marks)

g) How does the persona portray the rich? (2 marks)
h) Describe the tone in the poem. (3 marks)

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

Western civilization

Sheets of tin nailed to posts

driven in the ground

make up the house

Some rags complete

The intimate landscape

The sun slanting through the cracks

welcomes the owner.

After twelve hours of slave

labour

Breaking rock

shifting rock

breaking rock

shifting rock

fair weather

wet weather

breaking rock

shifting rock

Old age comes early

a mat on dark nights

is enough when he dies

gratefully

of hunger

Questions.

a) What is the poem about? (4 marks)
b) Identify and illustrate two features of style used in the poem. (4 marks)
c) What does the fifth stanza suggest about the work done by “he”? (2 marks)
d) What basic requirements does the “he” in the poem lack? (3 marks)
e) Why do you think the “he” dies “gratefully”? (1 mark)
f) Describe two themes brought out in the poem. (4 marks)
g) Explain the meaning of “Old age comes early” (1 marks)
h) Supply a word that means the same as hunger as used in the poem. (1 mark

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.

Beggar in the three a piece.

My Jumbo

Shot its way

Across the sky

To distant lands

Across blue seas

I descended the ladder

To a waiting ribbon

Of blood-red carpet

A quick glance at my

Three piece suit and the tie

That beautifully strangled my neck.

On my left hand hang

My beaded knob kerry

On my right I clutched

My rusty inter- nation Begging Bowl

On my face I wore humility and need

And of course dignity.

Sir, the dearth of food

Had rendered my people thin

And hungry

Scoop us a little

You know

Just little

To keep them till next rains.

But Sir, beggars

In three piece

Are a rare sight

But your suit is beautiful

Honestly.

Now my suit

Which cost me a fortune

In a Parisian Texture

Has denied me a fortune

And my countrymen, life.

By. L.O. Sunkuli.

(a) Who is the persona in the poem? (3 marks)

(b) What is the subject matter of this poem? (4 marks)

(d) Describe the tone of this poem. (3 marks)

(e) Explain what the last stanza implies. (3 marks)

(f) Explain the meaning of the following liens as used in the poem. (3 marks)

i) My Jumbo

Shot its way

Across the sky

ii) That beautifully strangled my neck.

iii) To keep them till next rains.

Read the poem below and answer questions that follow.

White child meets black man

She caught me outside a London

Suburban shop, I, like a giraffe

And she a mouse. I tried to go

But felt she stood

Lovely as light on my back

I turned with hello

And waited. Her eyes got

Wider but not her lips.

Hello I smiled again and watched.

She stepped around me

Slowly, in a kind of dance,

Her wide eyes searching

Inch by inch up and down:

No fur no scales no feathers

No shell. Just a live silhouette,

Wild and strange

And compulsive

Till mother came horrified

‘Mummy is his tummy black?’

Mother grasped her and swung

Toward the crowd. She tangled

Mother’s legs looking back at me

As I watched them birds were singing.

James Berry (Jamaica)

QUESTIONS

Briefly explain what the poem is about. (3mks)
Explain what the reaction of the white child makes the persona feel. (4mks)
Compare and contrast the reactions of the mother and daughter to the black man. (6mks)
Identify and explain any two figures of speech used in this poem. (4mks)
Explain the significance of the last line of the poem. (3mks)

Read the Poem below and answer the questions that follow: (20 Marks)

The Twist

In a little shanty town

Was on a night like this

Girls were sitting down

Around the town

Like this

Some were young

And some were brown

I even found a miss

Who was black and brown

And really did

The twist

Watch her move her wrist

And feel your belly twist

Feel the hunger thunder

When her hip bones twist

Try to hold her, keep her under

While the juke box hiss

Twist the music out of hunger

On a night like this

What is the poem about? (3 marks)
Identify three senses that the poem appeals to. (3 Marks)
What is the main theme of this poem? (2 Marks)
What is the attitude of the persona towards the girls mentioned in the poem? (2 Marks)
Identify three poetic devices used in the poem. (6 marks)
What are the achievements of the persona on this night? (2 marks)
Explain the meaning of:
i) …… a miss (who was brown and black). (1 Marks)
ii) Twist the music out of hunger. (1 Marks)

Read the poem below and then answer the question that follow. (20 marks)

DEATH OF MY FATHER

His sunken cheeks, his inward-looking eyes,

The sarcastic, scornful smile on his lips

The unkempt, matted, grey hair,

The hard, coarse sand-paper hands,

Spoke eloquently of the lifehe had lived.

But I did not mourn for him.

The hammer, the saw and the plane,

These were his tools and his damnation,

His sweat was his ointment and his perfume.

He fashioned dining tables, chairs, wardrobes,

And all the wooden loves of colonial life.

No, I did not mourn for him.

He built colonial mansions,

Huge,unwieldy,arrogant constructions;

But he squatted in a sickly mud-house,

With his children huddled stuntedly,

Under the bed-bug bed he shared with Mother.

I could not mourn for him.

I had already inherited

His premature old-age look,

I had imbibed his frustration;

But his dreams of freedom and happiness

Had become my song, my love.

So, I could not mourn for him.

No, I did not shed any tears;

My father’s dead life still lives in me,

He lives in my son, my father,

I am my father and my son.

I will awaken his sleepy hopes and yearnings,

But I will not mourn for him,

I will not mourn for me.

Identify the persona. (2 marks)
What is the poem talking about? (3 marks)
Comment on the alliteration that is used in the poem? (2 marks)
Apart from alliteration, identify and explain any other two aspects of style that the poet has used. (4 marks)
What reason does the persona give for not mourning his father’s death? ( 3 marks)
What is the father’s profession from the poem? ( 1 mark)
Explain the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem: ( 3 marks)
i) The hard, coarse sand-paper hands,

Spoke eloquently of the life he had lived.

ii) His premature old-age look,

iii) I will awaken his sleepy hopes and yearnings,

What is the attitude of the persona towards his father’s life? ( 2 marks)

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.

The Gourd of Friendship.

Where is the curiosity we’ve lost in discovery?

Where is the discovery we’ve lost in knowledge?

Where is the knowledge we’ve lost in communication?

Where is the communication we’ve lost in mass media?

And where is the community we’ve lost in all these?

Where is the message we’ve lost in the medium?

It is easy to go to the moon:

There, there are no people.

It is easier to count the stars:

They will not complain.

But the road to your neighbour’s heart – who has surveyed it?

The formula to your brother’s head – Who has devised it?

The gourd that doesn’t spill friendship – In whose garden has it ever grown?

You never know despair Until you’ve lost hope;

You never know your aspiration Until you’ve seen others disillusionment.

Peace resides in the hearts of men.

Not in conference tables and delegates signatures.

True friendship never dies – It grows stronger the more it is used.

By Richard Ntiru

Explain the meaning of the poem (3 marks)
Discuss the use of the rhetorical questions in the poem. (3 marks)
Describe the tone of this poem (3 marks)
Identify and explain two other stylistic devices (apart from the rhetorical questions) (4 marks)
Explain the meaning of these lines. (4 marks)
“where is the curiosity we have lost in discovery”.
“But the road to your neighbour’s heart – who has surveyed it?” ( marks)
What does the persona think about relationships? (2 marks)
Explain the appropriateness of the title. (1 mark)

Read the poem below and answer the questions below. (20 marks)

Theme for English B.

The instructor said,

Go home and write a page tonight.

And let that page come out of you.

Then, it will be true.

I wonder if it is that simple?

I am twenty-two, colored, born in Winston-Salem.

I went there, then Durham, then here

To this college on the hill above Harlem,

I am the only colored student in my class.

The steps from the hill lead down into Harem,

Through a park, then I cross St Nicholas,

Eighth Avenue, seventh, and I come to the Y

The Harlem BranchY, where I take the elevator

Up to my room, sit down, and write this page:

It’s no easy to know what is true for you or me

At twenty-two, my age. But I guess I’m what

I feel and see and hear. Harlem, I hear you:

Hear you, hear me-we two-you, talk on this page.

(I hear New York, too) me- who?

Well, I like to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love.

I like to work, read, learn and understand life.

I like a pipe for a Christmas present,

Or records- Bessie, bop, or Bach.

I guess being colored doesn’t make me not like

The same things other folks like who are other races.

So will my page be colored that I write?

Being me, it will not be white.

But it will be A part of you, instructor.

You are white

Yet a part of me, as I am part of you.

That’s American.

Sometimes perhaps you don’t want to be part of me.

Nor do I often want to be part of you.

But we are, that’s true!

As I learn from you,

I guess you learn from me- Although you are older- and white- And somewhat more free.

This is my page for English B.

(Langstone Hughes)

Questions.

Who is the speaker in the poem? Illustrate your answer. 2 mks
Identify two themes in the poem. Explain. 4 mks
Describe the mood of the poem? What details contribute or help establish that mood? 2mks
What point does the speaker seek to make by listing the things that he or she likes? 2mks
What is the tone of the poem? Explain 2 mks
Identify the use of personification in the poem. 2mks
In what ways is the speaker and the addressee similar and different? 2mks
Describe the relationship between the persona and the addressee 2mks
i) “I wonder if it is that simple.” Rewrite as a yes/no question.
ii) Rewrite the following beginning with: neither….

You don’t want to be part of me. Nor do I often want to be part of you l mk

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow. (20 Marks)

Operating Room, By John Reed

Sunlight floods the shiny many-windowed place,

Coldly glinting on flawless steel under glass,

And blaring imperially on the spattered gules

Where kneeling men grunt as they swab the floor.

Startled eyes of nurses swish by noiselessly,

Orderlies with cropped heads swagger like murderers;

And three surgeons, robed and masked mysteriously,

Lounge gossiping of guts, and wish it were lunch-time.

Beyond the porcelain door, screaming mounts crescendo

Case 4001 coming out of the ether,

Born again half a man, to spend his life in bed.

Describe the setting of the poem. (3 marks)
Briefly explain what the poem is talking about. (4 marks)
Who is the persona in the poem? (2 marks)
Illustrate the use of the following styles and state their effectiveness. (4 marks)
Metaphor
Hyperbole
What is the tone of the poem? (2 marks)
Discuss the general mood of the poem. (2 marks)
Why do the men grunt as they swab the floor? (1 mark)
Explain the meaning of the following phrases as used in the poem. (2 marks)
Robed and masked mysteriously
ii) Case 40001 coming out of ether

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow

THE WAR LORD

Cut, thrust, plunge

Slash, slit, stab

Starve, maim, shoot

Torch, burn, scar

The trumpets herald you with regal glory

Epaulettes glisten and medals gleam

Plunder, loot and steal

Blind, brand, rape

Curse, crush, kidnap

Smash, torture, kill

Your arrival is welcomed with carpets of steel

Ramrod backed your subjects hail you

Bind, bludgeon, bury

Garotte, impale, castrate

Order, imprison, enslave

Censor, cajole and destroy

Your scarlet cape billows as you sense fresh converts

Ever more shrill their praises grow.

Barren, bleak, blackened

Shattered, sterile, stricken

Torn, poisoned, defiled

Bloodied, emtombed, rotting

The prize presented on some stolen silver

A maggot riddled remnant of a once serene world.

Questions

(a) Briefly explain what the poem is talking about. (3mks)

(b) What is the attitude of the persona to the warlord? Elaborate your answer. (2mks)

Explain the relevance of having separated words for stanza one, three, five and seven. (3mks)

(d) What is the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem?

(i) The trumpets herald you with regal glory.

Epaulettes glisten and medals gleam. (2mks)

(ii) The prize presented on some stolen silver.

A maggot riddled remnant of a once serene world. (2mks)

(e) Apart from irony, which other stylistic device has been used in the poem? (2mks)

(f) Identify one thematic concern of the poem. (3mks)

Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

A TAX DRIVER ON DEATH BED. (By Timothy Wangusa)

When with prophetic eye I peer in to the future

I see that I shall perish upon this road

Driving men that I do not know

This metallic monster that I now dictate,

This docile elaborate horse,

That in silence seems to simmer and strain

Shall surely revolt some tempting day.

Thus u shall die: not that I care

For any man’s journey,

Nor for proprietors gain

Nor yet for the love of my own.

Not for these do I attempt the forbidden limits.

For those deft the traffic – man and the cold cell,

Risking everything for the little little more.

They shall say, I know, who pick up my bones

‘Poor chap, another victim to the ruthless machine”

concealing my blood under the metal.

Questions.

a) What is this poem about? (3 marks)
b) What is the attitude of the persona toward his fate? (2 marks)
c) With illustration identify the persona in the poem. (2 marks)
d) What is the irony in the poem? (2 marks)
e) With illustrations identify and comment on any other two stylistic devices used in the poem. (6 marks)
f) Comment on the following line.

‘poor chap, another victim to the ruthless machine? (2 marks)

g) How will the persona’s death come about? (2 marks)
h) Give the poem another title. (1 mark)

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.

Your Cigarette Burnt the Savannah Grass.

Come

Listen to a boiling pot

torch its heart and tell me

What do you hear?

the sun sent down sowers of it

that burnt to cinder your eddying conscience

the earth at the touch of your fingers

cracked

Colour melts at your stare

Orange white blurred and all

are the same to you

Your cigarette burnt the savannah grass

The scorpion bit me and I cried.

Charles Owuor

i) Identify and illustrated any three appeals the persona puts across to his adversary (3 marks)
ii) What is the subject matter of this poem? (3 marks)

iii) Identify and explain any three aspects of style and explain their functions. (6 marks)

iv) Explain the meaning of the following lines. (4 marks)

(a) ‘Come

Listen to a boiling pot’

(b) ‘ the sun sent down showers of it that burnt to cinder your eddying conscience!

(v) What is the mood of the poem? (2 marks)

(vi) What is the persona’s attitude towards his adversary? (2 marks)

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:

THE VILLAGE WELL

By the well,

Where fresh water still quietly whisper

As when I

First accompanied Mother and filled my baby gourd,

By this well,

Where many an evening its clean water cleaned me;

This silent well

Dreaded haunt of the long haired Musambwa

Who basked

In the mid-day sun reclining on the rock

Where I now sit

Welling up with many poignant memories;

This spot,

Which has rung with the purity of child laughter;

This spot,

Where eye spoke secretly to responding eye;

This spot,

Where hearts pounded madly in many a breast;

By this well,

Over-hung by leafy branches of sheltering trees

I first noticed her

I saw her in the cool of red, red evening

I saw her

As if I had not seen her a thousand times before

By this well

My eyes asked for love, and my heart went mad.

I stuttered

And murmured my first words of love

And cupped

With my hands, the intoxication that were her breasts

In this well,

In the clear waters of this whispering well,

The silent moon

Witnessed with a smile our inviolate vows

The kisses

That left us weak and breathless.

It is dark.

It is dark by the well that still whispers.

It is darker

It is utter darkness in the heart that bleeds

By this well

Where magic has evaporated but memories linger.

Of damp death

The rotting foliage reeks,

And the branches

Are grotesque talons of hungry vultures,

For she is dead

The one I first loved by this well.

Questions:

(i) Who is the persona in this poem? (2 marks)

(ii) What is the significant of the well to the persona? (4 marks)

(iii) Identify imagery in the poem. (2 marks)

Explain the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem.

(a) Dreaded haunt of the long haired Musambwa. (2 marks)

(b) I saw her in the cool of a red, red evening. (2 marks)

(v) Comment on the change of mood in the last two stanzas. (4 marks)

(vi) What is the attitude of the persona towards death? (2 marks)

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

Old and New

She went up the mountain to pluck wild herbs,

She came down the mountain and met her former husband,

She knelt down and asked her former husband,

“What do you find your new wife like?”

“My new wife, although her talk is clever,

Cannot charm me as my old wife could,

In beauty of face there is not much to choose,

But in usefulness they are not at all alike,

My new wife comes in from the road to meet me,

My old wife always came down from her tower.*

My new wife is clever at embroidering silk;

My old wife was good at plain sewing.

Of silk embroidery one can do an inch a day;

Of plain sewing, more than five feet.

Putting her silks by the side of your sewing,

I see that the new will not compare with the old.”

Anonymous 1^st Century B.C.

Questions

What is the poem about? (3 marks)
With illustrations identify one similarity and difference in the two wives. (4 marks)
Comment on any two poetic devices used in the poem. (6 marks)
Explain the meaning of the following lines.

“My new wife, although her talk is clever, cannot charm me as my old wife” (3 marks)

Identify aspects of social life noticeable in the poem. (3 marks)
What is the tone of the poem? (3 marks)

Read the poem given below and answer the questions that follow.

THAT OTHER LIFE

(By Everett M Standa)

I have only faint memories

Memories of those days when all our joyful moment

In happiness, sorrow and dreams

Were so synchronized

That we were in spirit and flesh

One soul;

I have only faint memories

When we saw each other’s image everywhere;

The friends, the relatives,

The gift of flowers, clothes and treats,

The evening walks where we praised each other,

Like little children in love;

I remember the dreams about children

The friendly neighbors and relatives

The money, the farms and cows

All were the pleasures ahead in mind

Wishing for the day of final union

When the dreams will come true

On that day final union

We promised each other pleasures and care

And everything good under the sun

As a daily reminder that you and me were one forever.

QUESTIONS

a) What does the day of the final union mean to the persona? (3 marks)
b) What faint memories does the persona have, according to the poem? (3marks)
c) What is the persona’s attitude towards their marriage? (2marks)
d) Explain the following expressions as used in the poem

(i) Happiness, sorrow and dreams were so synchronized………… (2marks)

(ii) ……. praised each other like children in love (2 marks)

(iii) All were pleasures ahead in mind. (2marks)

e) Identify two aspects of style used in this poem and explain their effectiveness. (4 marks)
f) What is the mood of the poem (2 marks)

Read the poem bellow and answer the question that follows

My grandmother by Elizabeth Jennings

She kept an antique shop-or it kept her.

Among Apostle spoons and Bristol glasses,

The faded silks, the heavy furniture,

She watched her own reflection in the brass

Salvers and silver bowls, as if to prove

Polish was all, there was no need for love.

And I remember how I once refused

To go out with her, since I was afraid.

It was perhaps a wish not to be used

Like antique objects .Though she never said

That she was hurt, I still could feel the guilt

Of that refusal, guessing how she felt.

Later, too frail to keep a shop, she put

All her best things in one long, narrow room.

The place smelt old, of things too long kept shut,

The smell of absences where shadows come

That can’t be polished. There was nothing then

To give her own reflection back again.

And when she died I felt no grief at all,

Only the guilt of what I once refused.

I walked into her room among the tall

Sideboards and cupboards-things she never used

But needed: and no finger-marks were there,

Only the new dust falling through the air.

Identify the persona in the above poem. (2mks)
In note form, summarize what each stanza is talking about (4mks).
Identify and briefly explain the use of any two images in the poem (4mks)
What does the persona feel towards the subject matter? (2mks)
What do the following lines mean in the poem? (2mks)

“too frail to keep a shop”

“Only the new dust falling through the air”

Describe the tone the persona uses in the poem above (2mrks)
Explain the paradox in the line: (2mks)

-things she never used

But needed:

Explain the persona’s sense of guilt? (2mrks)

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

Riding Chinese Machines

There are beasts in this city
they creak and they crank
and groan from first dawn
when their African-tongued masters wake
to guide them lax and human-handed
through the late rush
when they‘re handled down and un-animated
still as we sleep, towering or bowing
always heavy

We pour cement through the cities
towns, through the wild
onwards, outwards
like fingers of eager hands
stretched across the earth
dug in

The lions investigate
and buried marvel rumbles
squeezed for progress

By Liyou Mesfin Libsekal

Questions

Briefly describe what the poem is about. (3mks)
Explain how the poet feels towards the beasts in the city. (2mks)
Identify two poetic devices employed by the poet in the poem. (4mks)
Explain the irony of the type of development described in the poem (3mks)
Explain the meaning of the following lines in the poem. (4mks)

When their African-tongued masters wake to guide them.
The lions investigate and buried marvel rumbles squeezed for progress.

Identify and explain one theme tackled in the poem. (2mks)
Explain the significance of the title to the poem. (2mks)

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.

“Sympathy”

I know what the caged bird feels, alas!

When the sun is bright on the upland slopes;

When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass

And the river flows like a stream of grass;

When the first bird sings and the first bud opes,

And the faint perfume from its petals steals –

I know what the caged bird feels!

I know why the caged bird beats its wing

Till its blood is red on the cruel bars;

For he must fly back to his perch and cling

When he rather would be on the branch a –swing;

And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars

And they pulse again with a keener sting –

I know why he beats his wing!

I know why the caged bird sings, ah me,

When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,

When he beats his bars and would be free;

It is not a song of joy or glee,

But a prayer that he sends from his heart’s deep core,

But a plea, that upward to heaven he fings –

I know why the caged bird sings!

(Adapted from the poem by Laurence Donbar in ‘American Negro Poetry’ edited by ArnaBomtemps. New York: Hill and Waug 1974)

Questions

a) Explain briefly what the poem is about. (3 marks)
b) What does the poet focus on in each of the three stanzas? (6 marks)
c) How would you describe the persona’s feelings towards the caged bird? (4 marks)
d) What can we infer about the persona’s own experiences? (3 marks)
e) Identify a simile in the first stanza and explain why it is used. (2 marks)
f) Explain the meaning of the following lines:

(i) And the faint perfume from the petals steals (1 mark)

g) Supply another suitable title for this poem. (1 mark)

Read the oral poem below and then answer the questions that follows;-

“FAMINE”

The owner of yam peels his yam in the house’s:

A neighbour knocks at the door

The owner of yam throws his yam in the bedroom:

The neighbour says, “I just heard

A sound, ‘kerekere’, that is why I came,”

The owner of the yam replies,

“That was nothing, I was sharpening two knives.”

The neighbour says again, “I still heard

Something like ‘bi’ sound behind the door.”

The owner of the yam says,

“I merely tried my door with a mallet.”

The neighbour says again,

“What about his huge fie burning on your hearth?”

The fellow replies,

“I am merely warming water for my bath.”

The neighbour persist,

“Why is your skin all white, when this is not the Harmattan season?’

The fellow is ready with his reply,

I was rolling on the floor when I heard the death of Agadapidi.”

Then the neighbour says, “Peace be with you.”

The owner of the yam start shut,

“There cannot be peace

Unless the owner of food is allowed to eat his own food!”

Questions.

(a) Briefly explain what the poem is about. (2 marks)

(b) What does the neighbor hope to achieve by being so persistent? (3 marks)

(d) Identify the ideophones words in the poem. (2 marks)

(e) How do we know that the neighbour is observant? (3 marks)

(f) Describe the tone of the owner of the yam. (1 mark)

(g) The neighbour says, “peace be with you.” Why is this statement ironic? (3 marks)

(h) What lesson can we learn from this poem? (2 marks)

Building the Nation

Today I did my share

In building the nation

I drove a permanent Secretary

To an important urgent function

In fact a luncheon at the Vic.

The menu reflected its importance

Cold Bell beer with small talk,

Then friend chicken with niceties

Wine to fill the hollowness of the laughs

Ice-cream to cover the stereotype jokes

Coffee to keep the PS awake on return journey.

I drove the Permanent Sectretary back.

He yawned many times in the back of the car

Did you have any lunch friend?

I replied looking straight ahead

And secretly smiling at his belated concern

That i had not, but was smiling!

Upon which he said with a seriousness

That amused more than annoyed me,

Mwananchi, I too had none!

I attended to matters of state

Highly delicate diplomatic duties you know,

And friend, it goes against my grain,

Causes me stomach ulcers and wind.

Ah, he continued, yawning again,

The pains we suffer in buiding the nation!

So the PS had ulcers too!

My ulcers I think are equally painful

Only they are caused by hunger,

Not sumptuous lunches!

So two nation builders

Arrived home this evening

With terrible stomach pains

The result of building the nation –

– Different ways.

Henry Barlow

Identify two voices in the poem (2 mks)
Explain what the poem addresses (4 mks)
Identify and illustrate the use of any two poetic devices uses in the poem and explain their effectiveness ( 6 mks)
Describe the tone in the poem (2 mks)
How would you describe the attitude of the permanent secretary towards the persona?(2 mks)
Describe the rhyme scheme in stanza one (2 mks)
i) “He yawned many times in the back of the car.” Add a question tag (1 mk)
ii) “ I drove the permanent secretary back.” Write in passive voice

ORAL LITERATURE

Read the oral piece below and answer the questions that follow

Blood iron and trumpets

Forward we march

(others fall on the way)

Blood iron and trumpets

We shall hack kill and cure

Blood iron and trumpets

Singers of the datsun blue

Forward we drive breaking the records

Blood iron and trumpets

Let bullets find their targets and the earth be softened

Blood iron and trumpets

Let the dogs of war rejoice

And the carrion birds feed

We are reducing population sexplosion

Blood iron and trumpets

The uniformed machines are around

Put on your helmet iron and rest

Blood iron and trumpets

Only through fire can be baptized to mean business

So once again

Blood iron and trumpets

We shall always march along

Blood iron and trumpets

Blood alone

Classify the oral piece above (2 Marks)
What are the functions of the oral piece above? (3 Marks)
Identify two features of oral poetry evident in the oral item. (3 Marks)
What two issues is this oral poem talking about? (4 Marks)
Cite one social and one economic activity of the community from which this oral poem is taken
Who would be the most suitable audience for the oral poem? Give reasons for your answer

(2 Marks)

“The uniformed machines are around” Explain the meaning of this statement. (1 Mark)
Describe the mood of the poem. (2 Marks)

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow

SECOND OLYMPUS

From the rostrum they declaimed

On martyrs and men of high ideals

Whom they sent out

Benevorent despots to an unwilling race

Straining at the yoke

Bull dozers trampling on virgin ground

In blatant violation

They trampled down all that was strange

And filled the void

With half digested alien thoughts

They left a trail of red

Whatever their feet had passed

Oh, they did themselves fine

And struttled about the place

Self proclaimed demi- gods

From a counterfeit Olympus

One day they hurled down thunder bolts

On toiling race of earthworms

They might have rained own pebbles

To pelt the brats to death

But that was beneath them

They kept up the illusion

That they were fighting foes

Killing in the name of high ideals

At the inquest they told the world

The worms were becoming pests

Moreover, they said

They did not like wriggly things

Strange prejudice for gods.

Questions

Who is being talked about in this poem? Give evidence. (2 marks)
With two evidences, discuss the poet’s general attitude towards the subject of the poem.(3 marks)
What do you understand by the following three lines?

“they trample down all that was strange

And filled the void with half digested alien thoughts?”

Who are reffered to as “toiling race of earthworms” and why? (3 marks)
Discuss two stylistic devices used in the poem. Give their effectiveness
Explain the significance of the title. (2 marks)
What is the tone of the poem? (1 mark)

Read the poem below and answer the questions below.

Advise to my son

The trick is, to live your days

as if each one may be your last

(for they go fast, and young men lose their lives

in strange and unimaginable ways)

but at the same time, plan long range

(for they go slow : if you survive

the shattered windshield and burning shell

you will arrive

at our approximation here below

or heaven or hell)

To be specific, between the poeny and the rose

plant squash and spinach, turnips and tomatoes;

beauty in nectar

and nectar, in desert saves

but the stomach craves stronger sustenance

than the homed vine.

therefore, marry a pretty girl

after seeing her mother;

speak truth to one man,

work with another;

and always, serve bread with your wine.

But son,

Always serve wine

(Peter Meinke)

a) Who is the speaker in the poem. Illustrate your answer. 2marks
b) In what circumstances do many young people die? Illustrate your answer from the poem. 4marks
c) What do heaven and hell symbolize? 2marks
d) Identify items in the poem that represent life’s necessities on one hand and life’s luxuries on the other. 2marks
e) Identify and illustrate the use of the paradox in the poem. 3marks
f) What does the persona mean by ‘marry a pretty girl after seeing the mother”?2marks
g) The stomach craves stronger sustenance.(Rewrite using (What”) 1mark
h) Give two meanings of each of the following words. 2marks

-Last

-Fast

i) Give the meaning of the last two lines 2marks

THE BEARD By Priscovia Rwakyaka *TRK*

In the pulpit he swayed and turned

Leant forward, backward

To the right; to the left

His solemn voice echoed

Lowly the congregation followed,

“Do you love your neighbor?’

Meekly they bow at his keen eye.

Now examining a grey head

Heaving under her sobs

His heart leapt assured-

“Her sins weigh on her!”

So with her he chats outside;

‘Weep not child you are pardoned.”

“But, sir, your beard conjured up

The spirit of my dear goat!”

Questions

(a) Identify and describe two personas in the poem. Illustrate your answer. (4mks)

(b) Relate the title of the poem to what actually happens in this poem, giving specific examples. (4mks)

(d) The mood of the last four lines of the poem is embarrassing. How true is this? (3mk)

(e) Identify one pair of rhyming words (lmks)

(f) Explain the meaning of the following lines:

i) “His heart leapt assured” (2mks)
ii) “Her sins weigh on he?’ (2mks)

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.

Argument with God

My child was struggling for life in hospital.

And I,worried tense and tired.

Sat in silent prayer:

In violent silence,arguing with my God.

God I said,

Why do you allow him to suffer so?

Why him all the time?

Why?

God was silent!

Not a word from him.

Not a word

May be.I thought.

God is angry with me.

I’ll appease my God;

Try and be good at least

Surely God would then respond.

God,I pleaded.

Please God.

To be good is hard.

But I’ll try.

But

My child must live.

Live free from pain:

God

You know how I love him, don’t you?

Don’t you?Don’t you?DON’T YOU?

But

God was dumb:

Like my child.

Then u I said to myself.

God is just.

I’ll appeal for justice.

God,I called.

Though you are silent,

I am sure you hear me.

QUESTIONS

Who is the persona in this poem? (2 mks)
What is happening in the poem? (2 mks)
Why are the words in Line 27 written in capital letters.DONT YOU? (2 mks)
What is the mood in the poem? ( 2 mks)
Give an instant of irony in the poem. (3 mks)
Identify and illustrate other three stylistic devices in the poem. (6 mks)
What do the following lines mean. (2 mks)
“Though you are silent, I am sure you hear me”.

ANSWERS

1.Song of Agony

The persona is a worker(Give 2)
Desperation is the subject matter in this poem. The persona and others are desperate in that when they go for contract work (in the diaspora) there is no hope of coming back. They might die never to see their people and property again. This is shown in ‘which of us will die?’

Rhetorical questions-‘which of us will come back? ’which of us will die?’

Effect-Help to show the state in which the persona is .He fears of never returning home.

Involve the audience to feel the situation the persona is in.Draws sympathy from the audience.

Repetition: ‘which of us’ which of us will come back?

Effect: Emphasizes the subject matter, i e. the desperation and the fear in the persona. Helps in building the mood. Helps to reflect the attitude of the speaker towards contract work.

Alliteration:’ Rivers run’

Effect: Helps to show far away and difficult the contract workers used to go and work (4 marks)

Show how the persona and the others suffer in the poem. Illustrate your answer.(4 mks)

Mental suffering-they keep wondering whether they will ever go back home to see their loved ones and property.
Fear-go to work but fear they might never return home alive.
Isolation-they are cut out from their families for prolonged periods.(6 marks)

Pessimistic-persona doesn’t see any future in his life if he’s to go for the contract work. He is not sure of ever coming back.

Nostalgic– there’s the longing to come back after they go for contract work to see his wife and property.

Sad-the mood is saddening that the workers are likely to die or never come back. Might be many had died or never came back.

Is the title of this poem suitable? Explain(3 mks)

It sums up the mental agony that persona is undergoing. They go for the contract work far away and stay for long or never come back.

Identify and explain one economic activity practiced by the persona’s community.(2 mks)

Cattle keeping or working

Line 7 ‘Not being my ox’ (cattle keeping)

The persona is going to work (working)

THE NECKLACE

a) How relevant is the title of the poem above? (2 marks)

The title “Necklace” is relevant because necklace is round and it is normally worn by people (1 mark).in the poem, the tyre used to burn the victim is round-shaped (1 mark)

b) Describe the character of the executioners in the poem (2 marks)

The executioners are cruel/inhuman/brutal/callous/insensitive (1 mark)

Once they finish the execution, they resume their normal duties as if nothing has happened/they brutally murder the victim

NB: Award 0 marks for identification without illustration

c) What was needed to carry out the execution? (3 marks)

– The firestone tyre (1 mark), petrol in blackened tin (1 mark) and ignites in numerous hands (1 mark)

d) Explain the difference in the use of the word “form” in stanza one and stanza three (2 marks)

The word “form” in stanza one refers to the victim before he was burned (1 mark) while in stanza three it refers to the carcass/corpse of the victim (1 mark)

e) (i) Who is the persona ? (1 mark)

– The persona is an observer or a citizen at a market place (1 mark)

NB:Do not accept the use of “I” as the persona without adequate qualifier justifying the personality of the “I”

(ii)What deters the persona from getting closer to the scene of action? (1 mark)

– The persona is deterred by fear / frightened to get closer to the scene of the brutality (1mark)

f) Explain the meaning of the following phrases as used in the poem (3 marks)
i) Smell of sizzling flesh – The burning of the human body
ii) Each participant ready and anxious –willing not forced to execute

iii) Witnessed to an unwritten law – saw the people carry out mob justice which is illegal

g) What mood is portrayed in the poem? (2 marks)

The mood is tense (1 mark)

– Fearful of inching any further/cold shocks transmitted down (1 mark)

NB: Accept a related qualifier for mood and any appropriate illustration if not provided herein

Do not award marks for identification without illustration

h) Paraphrase the last stanza (4 marks)

The people who had set the man ablaze leave (1 mark) as normal business of selling, buying and cheating resumes (1 mark).The policemen arrive (1 mark) and ferry away the remains of the victim(1 mark)

POETRY (20 MARKS)

WEDDING EVE

The wedding eve is supposed to be a time of joy happiness and anticipation. The persona however, is riddled with doubts and apprehension(1 mk)
the speaker has organized the wedding but he is not sure whether or not to take the oath to love forever. He is doubtful whether the relationship will last
the speaker’s attitude towards the relationship is one of doubt and apprehension(1mk)
-doubtful should I or should I not/will she continue to love me.

– fearful apprehensive fears to take the marriage vows.

– suspicious – the speaker is not sure of the lovers commitment.

– The rhetorical question in the poem helps to bring out the speaker’s doubts about the relationship and about the commitment of his would – be wife

the imagery of the plane is quite appropriate .Being in a plane might be fun but it is also very risky; you could easily lose your life if the place crashes. Being in a doubtful relationship is like being in faulty plane
-The relationship is compared to a game of chess in that the two will try to out-do (1mk)

each other. The relationship is seen to be like a competition (1mk)

“leaving the naked me “is an expression of desolation and hopelessness. If he were to be left he would feel naked and useless

Inmates

a) The speaker is an observer who explores through the life of prisoners/inmates1 1 x 1 mk
b) The poem is talking about the life1 in prison which is oppressive1 1 x 2 mks
c) -Irony1 – nice fragrance of ammonia

– Rhyme1 – consignment oppressive

– confinement offensive

– refinement

– Personification1 – torturous bulb stare vacantly at him1

– Alliteration1 – torching, torturous

d) -The cold bites their bones and they chatter their teeth from the chill.1

-The smell is offensive with fresh human dung. 1

– Vermins bite the inmates unsparingly1 1 x 3mks

e) The inmate is in prison because of a certain consignment 1 that he either stole or got lost under his care.

f) Regretful1 – he reflects about the consignment that landed him in the cells1

Thoughtful – he (the fresh inmate) sits thoughtfully.

Agonizing – he agonises at the long time 1 that he will be in prison. The clock ticks too slowly.

g) i) That resulted/led to his confinement1
ii) The inmates do everything including long calls in the cell. “The gent invites”. 2x 1 = 2mks
h) The steel door suggests that the security was tight1 and the inmates could not escape1 2 x 1 = 2mks

The Courage That My Mother Had
a) The poem is about someone whose mother has died 1 The mother left a golden brooch as gift upon her death 1 she really wishes the mother could have left behind her courage 1 She believes the mother does not need courage in death but she badly needs. She however treasure the golden brooch 1 1 x any four points = 4mks
b) Female 1 the mother left her a golden brooch that she wears 1 2mks
c) The speaker wishes the mother had left behind her courage 1. However, it cannot be fulfilled because the mother is dead 1 3mks
d) Courageous 1 – the courage that my mother had / the speaker wishes that the mother would have left behind her courage instead of taking with her to the grave 1 Id = 1, illust = 1
e) Metaphor 1 – mother is compared to a rock and granite 1

Simile 1 …… the courage like a rock 1

Id = 1 x 2, illust = 1 x 2 4mks

f) Admiration / love / respect 2 – the speaker admires her mother for her courage / her love and respect for her mother are shown in the way she values the brooch and the way she thinks of her mother as a rock and a granite

Identification of attitude = 2mks,

illust. = 1mk

6.THE PAUPER

The persona is an observer/bystanderü1 etc who is able to see the peoples suffering and how different members of the society react to him
– Infested with jiggers-nursing the jiggers that shrivel your bottomü

– Caked feet – and when you trudge on the lorny pads

– Shining ribs – your ribs and bones reflecting the light

– Infested with Gee- squashing lice between your nails

– Cleans nails with dry saliva

– Emaciated and caking skinü

– Crouches in beautiful verandaü (4 x 1)

iii. Use of simileü1 like a baby newly born to an old womanü1 to bring out the special relationship between the pauper and the jiggers

Repetition – pauper, pauperü

Rhetorical questions– dared to forget your piteous fate

Hyperbole– your ribs and bones reflecting light

Irony– pauper crouching in beautiful verandas of beautiful cities and beautiful people

Sarcasm – and your MP with a shining head and a triple chin will mourn your fate in a supplementary question at question time

Critical/sarcastic and your mp with a shining head and a triple chin will mourn your fate in a supplementary question at question time (2 mks)
Themes

– Poverty – the paupes cleaning his nails with dry saliva, infested with suffering lice and jiggers and crouches in beautiful verandas

– Poor Leadershipü1- the MP gives lip service to the plight of the pauper by mourning his fate in a supplementary question at question time

vii. Emaciated – thin/weak

Crouching-squatting

Gullied like the soles of modern shoes – with big crack

outcast

a) (N.B.: This may take two approaches: The plot approach and the thematic approach)

The Plot Approach

They meet and marry
A pale child is born

The man denies responsibility

They separate/divorce
They both die
The child is left with no inheritance/there is no next-of-kin/the boy roams the streets

(Any 4 points each 1mk = 4mks)

The Thematic Approach

Immorality
Deception

Irresponsibility

Promiscuity
The plight of street children

(Identification of theme = 2mks, Illustration = 2mks, two illustrations per theme each 1mk =2mks or 1 illustration and 1 explanation = 2mks)

b) The mother is unreliable/unreliable/untrustworthy/immoral/unfaithful/deceitful/dishonest/promiscuous/treacherous/traitorous

She wants the man to accept responsibility for a child that he obviously has not fathered. The man is black while the child is white.

She is secretive
She is irresponsible/uncaring/unconcerned – \she leaves no inheritance for the child. She has not introduced the child to any of his kin.
Calculating/cunning/scheming – makes the man think he is the father until the child is born

(1mk for identification, 1mk for illustration. Any two traits =4mks)

c) disclaimed – denied/refused/disagreed/did not agree/disowned (1mk)
The mother’s husband is not the biological father of the child. This infuriated him for being cheated. (1mk)
d) We have a pale child from a black father (3mks)
An illegitimate child from a legitimate marriage

iii. The birth of a child should consolidate a marriage but this one leads to a break up.

The child who has done no wrong is declared an out-cast (Any 1 point each 3mks = 3mks.)
e) Attitude – Pities/pitying/sympathetic/piteous/compassionate.

The persona recognizes that the poor boy suffers because of other people’s mistakes. He refers to the boy as a ‘’poor child’’, ‘’casualty’’ and says he is ‘’hardly ten’’.

(Any 1 point each 3mks = 3mks.)

f) – All that glitters is not gold (2mks)

– hurry hurry has no blessing(s) (2mks)

– Look before you leap (2mks)

– Marry in haste, repent at leisure (2mks)

– when two bulls fight, it is the grass that suffers (2mks)

– As you make your bed, so must you lie on it. (2mks)

Oral poetry

Love song (1 Mk) – The persona explains his experience.

With his love a companionship that has gone sour.

Warning/cautioning those intending to get married against infidelity or unfaithfulness.

Encourages young people to be patient in their struggle to secure a job. (4 Mks)

Repetition – “I was”

Personification – My heart was telling me.

Direct translation – “I bought myself a beautiful girl”

Direct address – “ so heart you were deceiving me”

Moral lesson – “people are untrustworthy”

Do not over trust a friend

It is about a man who married her beloved. (bought a beautiful girl”)

The marriage doesn’t last as the bride engages in extra-marital affairs. (2 Mks)

Contemptuous/hating – The singer doesn’t like people who are untrustworthy.

Patient – After a brief struggle I got my job.

Pessimistic – There was no look in this word.

(Any other relevant (1 Mk). – Identification (1 Mk) – Illustration. (2 x 2 = 4 Mks)

Trading to get money.

Farming – meat/Banana. (2 x 2 = 4 Mks)

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end-

Of those who wear the head plumes

We shall die on the earth. The earth

does not get fat. It makes an end of those who act swiftly as heroes.

Shall we die on the earth?

Listen O earth. We shall mourn because of you.

Listen O earth. Shall we all die on the earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end of

The chiefs. Shall we die on earth? The

earth does not get fat. It makes an end

Of the women chiefs. Shall we die on earth?

Listen o earth. We shall mourn because of you.

Listen O earth. Shall we all die on earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end

Of the nobles. The earth does not get fat

It makes an end of the royal women.

Shall we die on earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end

of the common people. Shall we die on the earth?

The earth does not get fat. It makes an end of all the beasts

Shall we die on the earth?

Listen you who are asleep, who are left

tightly closed in the land. Shall we all sink

Into the earth? Listen O

Earth the sun is setting tightly. We shall enter into the earth.

We shall not enter into the earth.

(From: ‘The Heritage Of African Poetry’)

a) What is the poem about? (3 mks)
b) Who is the persona in the poem? (2mks)
c) Identify and illustrate any two features of style used in the poem? (4mks)
d) What is the tone of the persona in the poem? (2mks)
e) What in the poem shows that death is indiscriminate in its manifestations? (2mks)
f) Describe the political setting of the community from which the poem originates. (2mks)
g) What is the mood of the poem? (2mks)
h) Explain what the expressions below mean : (3mks)
i) The earth does not get fat .
ii) Those who wear the head plumes

iii) Earth the sun is setting tightly

answers

a) The poem is about the rampages of death (1mk) it is cruel (1mk) and indiscriminate (1mk) / It’s about how the earth does not get fat after swallowing chiefs, nobles, beasts and common people
b) the persona is an observer

a potential victim of death

c) -Repetition e.g “Listen O earth…”

the earth does not get fat

– Personification – “the earth does not get fat”

– Direct address – “listen O earth

– Rhetorical questions – shall we all die on earth?

d) Desperation – “shall we all sink”
e) All die: nobles, beasts, chiefs, common people
f) Chieftaincy – they were led by a chief
g) Sombre /sad “we shall mourn because of you?”
i) People continue to die (be buried)
ii) Leaders /rulers

Eminent death/nearing end of life/apparent death

Africa

He/she is an African who has never been to Africa, but knows quite a lot about it

Eg …….. I have never seen you

NB: 1mk identification

1mk for illustration

It is about slavery /of the Africans in their own land where they toil. Sweat in slavery and they do not resist but one seen to be lying down in the weight of humbleness
1. i) Personification e.g. i) Africa is seen as the back that bends, lies down under the weight of humbleness
ii) ……………… the blood of your sweat

…………………toil

…………slavery

iii) Patience with stubbornness.

Symbolism

The trembling back stripped red symbolizes torture.

Repetition

Africa my Africa

Africa …………Africa

Is African ……….your Africa

iv) Alliteration eg

your black blood spilt over the fields

No marks for illustrations without identification

1mk for identification, 1mk for illustration

Alliterated sound must be underlined

Angry /accusatory

Angry: he is angry because Africans blood and the sweat of the Africans irrigates the fields without any benefits to them (Africans)

Accusatory: he accuses the Africans for not doing anything about their plight eg are you the back…..

On the roads of noon?

1mk for identification

1mk for illustration

NB: no mark for illustration without identification

a) It implies that many Africans lives have been lost through ruthless killings by the whites.
b) It shows the attachment and the pride that the persona feels about Africa /he has a strong sense of attachment to

Africa.

isn’t it?

NB:

i) Comma after the statement must be fixed. if not, no mark
ii) Question mark is mandatory, if missing no mark.
i) Seriously – should be an adverb
ii) Strong, not easily hurt
To work very hard /doing something difficult

10.THE SMILING ORPHAN

a) The persona is an observer who tells the story of the deceased and the smiling orphan and the mourners. He/she uses the third person “She sat have ….. they said. …. When she died….. they came.”

Identification – 1 mark

Illustration – 1 mark

Total marks = 2 marks

b) The poem is about a woman who was sick and hospitalized for five months.

– And was never visited by relatives who claimed they were busy.

– Later, the woman dies and ironically, the relatives come to her funeral in large numbers vowing that they cannot miss the burial.

– During the funeral, her only daughter (who had stayed) with her in hospital) seems unmoved and the relatives start backbiting her saying she is hardhearted. Total marks 4

c) The title ‘The smiling orphan’ is very effective in relation to what has been described in the poem.

It has been used in reference to the illiterate daughter who had stayed in hospital with the mother for five months but now is perceived as not being in mourning by the other mourners. This makes her smile at their hypocrisy. She is an orphan now that her mother is dead.

Any two points = 2 marks

d) Loving/caring– She sat by her mother’s side throughout the five months the mother was hospitalized.

Responsible– She takes care of her sick mother when other people/relatives and even her brother gave excuses of unavailability.

Identification – 1 mark

Illustration – 1 mark

No mark for illustration without identification and Vice versa.

e) Repetition– They came — To illustrate the fact that the mourners arrived for the funeral in large numbers.

Rhetoric questions– Who would look after their homes? Was it crucial their presence? Reveals the attitude of the mourners at the beginning, that they were indifferent/not bothered.

Hyperbole stanza (8) …. Their tears sock their garments. Enhances the satire …..

That the mourners cry much and we know that their grief is not genuine. They are hypocritical.

Ellipsis 2^nd last stanza. Enhances suspense, allows imagination, and reveals the feelings of the orphan/the strain she’s been under etc.

1 mark for identification

1 mark for illustration

1 mark for illustration on the effective of the aspect of style so identified.

Any other plausible style with illustrations and effectiveness.

No mark for identification.

Without illustrations.

f) Sad/melancholic/somber/sorrowful.

The poem captures the loss of a loved one.

The orphan is mourning her mother/She sat by her mother/she sat by her mother crying and praying to God perhaps to save her mother dies.

Identification – 1 mark

Illustration – 1 mark

Total marks = 2 marks

g) i) Their tears were not genuine/they were hypocritical.
ii) She felt relieved – she had unburdened her grief (with her lever there’s no condemnation)

11.‘STILL I RISE’

‘Still I rise’ is a poem about the history of the African – American people’s defianceü1 towards the oppression meted to them as slaves and blacksü1. The subject matter can also be universal notion of triumph/defiance of downtrodden in oppressive regimes. Then persona talks of I’m Black Ocean, leaping and wide. Also talks of him/her being the dream and the hope of the slave.
The speaker is hated passionately; you may kill me with your hatefulness.

The speaker and his/her likes the segregated financially (resource wise) the speaker writes of ”I walk like I’ve got oil wells” pumping in my living room.

(life)

The speakers in the whereabouts (life) are misrepresented twisted and even falsified to negate his/her existence/status.

Attitude of triumph/optimism/hope. Optimistic attitude/hopeful attitude. The persona talks of ‘rising’ I’ll rise amidst all these setbacks.

She describes herself as the black ocean, leaping and wide…… meaning that she sees herself mighty and strong like an ocean.

Imagery
Similes: but still, like dust, I’ll rise-shows how easily she will rise; cause I laugh like I’ve got gold mines, digging in my

own

backyard shows that through her oppressors might think they have ended her by subjecting her to poverty, still she walks like she has all the wealth in the world!

Metaphors; I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide, welling and swelling I bear. This powerful metaphor reveals the overcoming oppression/the strength of the speaker as a black person/the positivity.
i) Rhetorical questions.

Does my sassiness upset you?

Why are you beset with gloom?

These and other questions prod the readers to deeply consider the strength/positive energy/hope that the speaker

possesses.

ii) Repetition

I’ll rise

Still I’ll rise

The above phrases have been repeated severally to highlight the speaker’s optimism

a) ‘Cause I laugh like I’ve got gold mines’ this shows her happiness that is expected to be possessed by extremely wealthy.

Though she has been.

b) ‘But still, like dust, I’ll rise’ describes the ease at which she will rise. Almost effortlessly!
c) I am a black ocean, leaping and wide. Describes the strength/the night that she possesses as a black woman.

12.I WENT TO CHURCH.

a) The poem is about a person who has gone to church to pray.

He prays for friends and foes to living and the dead.

He had committed adultery with the soldier’s wife.

He is remorseful or apologetic and asks for forgiveness.

b) He is religious/pious – goes to church to pray – “To go and pray again”

He is immoral/promiscuous – commits adultery with the soldier wife “While I shot hot life into his wife”

c) i) Repetition – “I went and prayed”
ii) Alliteration – friends and foes live long

Fighting for

iii) Imagery (metaphor) – “I shot hot life into her wife”

d) i) The speaker engages in sexual affairs and impregnates the soldier wife.
ii) He asks God to preserve his lifeü so that he can go often to pray in in church.
e) i) Apologetic/remorseful/reconciliatory. Asks God for forgiveness.
ii) Prayerful – “That I live long to go and pray again”

13.THE PRESS

The ministers son is accorded medical attention while the less fortune are neglected e.g. Tina and Kasajja’s only child.

Callousness / insensitivity

The medical stuff lacks concern for the patient to get up or leave the line.

– Negligence

Tina’s bed is infested with maggots and her eyes are oozing blood. Kisajja’s only child died due to the negligence, in both cases, medical stuff gives very flimsy reasons for not attending to the patients.

Injustice / misuse of power.

The judge dismisses a rape case because seven years old victim failed to testify.

Any 3 (1 mk identification, 1mk illustration) 2×3=6mks

b) i) Use of rhetorical questions.

How come it was not whispered?
So was is the mountain deal?

ii) Use of hyperbolic questions.

Mountain deal – making a big of an ordinary situation.
Boiling news – Hot news or breaking news.

In both cases the persona is criticizing the media. It gives exaggerated attention to the minister’s son’s minor illness at the expense of the deserving cases.

iii) Metaphor

Lioness of a nurse

iv) Satire

The last stanza underscores the persona treats it as a tipsy talk of a drunk yet poet is ridiculing the injustice meted out to the less fortuned.

1mk identification, 1mk illustration = 2 mks

2×3=6mks

c) Bitter / angry / sarcastic or satirical

The persona is disheartened by the hypocrisy of the press. It lacks neutrality and focuses on the bog people only.

1 mk identification , 1 mk explanation

1×2=2mks

d) The title is relevant:

The poet is castigating the press for its partiality and lack of commitment to expose social injustice; practiced in the society yet the press is duty bound to produce and release free and fair news. (2 mks)

e) The press is supposed to equally cover all the citizens and not to be biased. Here the press gkives news yet the news are biased against people. (2 mks)
f) Crawled – infested

Ushered – dismissed / cancelled

14.Their City

a) – dissatisfied city resident.

Illustration – ‘City in the sun without any warmth.

– an ordinary city resident’

“We have stolled through the desert streets” (any 1 x 2 = 2 mks)

b) – a city resident Pwho sees the rich enjoying their lifeP and the poor struggling to survive. (3 mks)
c) It emphasisesP on the exclusion of ordinary residents of the city from the prestigious life of the rich and the fact that the

ordinary residents are aware of this. (2 mks)

d) – Inequality – the rich are living a high class life, (heavy lunch, car etc) while the poor are struggling (snoring in the cold wind)

– Poverty – The poor do not have shelters, they sleep in cold winds of the night. (2 x 2 = 2 mks)

e) – They are anxious because they are living a fake life e.g driving hire purchase cars.(2 mks)
f) – People who are so poor they don’t even look like human beings. They are struggling to (2 mks)
g) – Pretentious – looking important

– hire purchase car.

– Uncaring – don’t care about the poor

– just think of themselves. They live lavishly while some people have nowhere to sleep.

– Conceited / proud / vain – looking over gold rimmed glasses.

– looking important. (Any 1 illustrated – 2 mks)

h) Satirical

sarcastic

2 mks identification

1 mk for illustration

Illustration.

– City in the sun

– Looking important

– Thickset direction

– Reading a speech

Western civilization
a) The persona describes the house in which a worker lives. The nuclei is a shanty, which have cracks. The worker does a

monotonous job of breaking rock the whole day.

b) i) Irony: – Western civilization is ironical since the lining conditions of the “he” in the poem do not suggest civilization

but misery and suffering.

– The “he” in the poem is grateful to die

though normally death is feared / no onelikes dying.

ii) Repetition: “breaking rock” // shifting rock

(accept any other that or appropriate. I mk for

identification, 1 mk for illustration. No mark for

identification without illustration)

c) The repetition P 1 used in the stanza suggests that the work is monotonous / boring / uninteresting
d) Food : “he” dies of hunger.

Clothes: “a mat … is enough …” suggests that he lacks clothes / bedding to keep himself warm.

Shelter” “he” lives in a shanty – “sheets of tin … rags complete … landscape.”

e) The “he” is happy to die for death brings to an end all his problems.
f) Poverty the “he” sleeps in a shanty, sleeps on a mat and dies of hunger.

Exploitation: The “he” engages in hard labour throughout the day but the fact that he lacks basic requirements suggests that

he is underpaid.

g) The “he” in the poem looks older than he really is because of the strenuous and miserable life that he leads.
h)

Beggar in a three piece

(a) A delegate from a third world countryP who has gone to seek for funds / aid from the I.M.F, World Bank or a developed country to alleviate famineP in his or her country.

“My rusty inter – Nation Begging bowl ..”P

“The death of food … rendered my people thin.” (3 mks)

(b) The poem talks about misplaced priorities usuallyexhibited by the leadership in the under developed countries.P The leadership concentrates on how they can waste funds on expensive clothing and luxurious flightsP when in actual sense the citizens are dying of hunger.P The donors decline to assist because of misplaced priorities.P (4 mks)

(c) The leadership of under developed countries insensitivity to people’s pressing needs is satinzed. P The leaders concentrate on being on expensive flights and dressing in imported garments while the people are hungry.P

“But sir, … ./ But your suit is beautiful / honestly.”P

The leaders only concentrate on what benefits them at the expense of the country men; they risk death because of extravagant leaders.P (4 mks)

(d) Sarcastic / Satirical / Bitter.P

The tune is used to bring out satire on the leaders / irony of the leader’s lifes as opposed to their subjects.P

Bitterness brings out the insensitivity of the leaders to the plights / problems of the common people.P (3 mks)

(e) – The aid he / she is supposed to get would hav been misused or embezzled by leaders.P

“Has denied me a fortune”

– The countrymen are likely to die of starvation.P

“And my countrymen, life.”

– donors fell that the borrower is extravagant.P

“In a Parisian Textile.” (3 mks)

(f) i) He boarded a big plane that cruised at top speed.P

ii) Though expensively dressed, he/she feels uncomfortable about being extravagant while the countrymen suffer.P

iii) They entirely depend on nature for their existence.P

White child meets black man

A meeting between a black man and a young white girl. √1mk

The young girl has probably not seen a black man before√1mk and she is amazed. √1mk

It exposes the ignorance that exists between races. √1mk

The man allows the child to examine him / the mother drags the girl away before she fully satisfies her curiosity. √1mk (any 3×1 = 3mks)

Her reaction makes him feel as if she did not consider him a human being. √1mk

Illustration:

“No fur no scales no feathers” √1mk

He is friendly / understanding. √1mk

Illustration:

“I turned with hello” √1mk

“Hello I smiled again and watched” √1mk

He does not condemn her√1mk / He accepts girl’s reaction as innocent curiosity.

Illustration

“Just a life silhouette” / “As I watched them birds were singing” √1mk

(Award 2 marks for the reaction of the white and 2 marks for how the persona felt) (4mks)

Both are:

Shocked – The mother is horrified but the girl’s eyes get wider but not her lips.

The girl is genuine / sincere / innocent while the mother is prejudiced / discriminative / contemptuous / hostile.

Illustration:

The girl, “is his tummy black?”

The mother is horrified “grasped her hand and swung towards the crowd.”

(3 marks comparison and 3 marks contrast)

Similes√1mk – “I like a giraffe and she a mouse.”

Shows enormous contrast in size between the persona and the girl.

“She stood as lovely as light.”

Shows how much the persona was impressed by her sincere innocent curiosity.

Metaphor√1mk – Just as a silhouette, wild and strange and compulsive.

To the persona, the child was completely incapable of becoming reconciled to the fact that this was a human being. Metaphor portrays mental conflict. √1mk

Hyperbole√1mk – “No fur, no scales no feathers ..”

Deliberate exaggeration to show the immensity of the child’s dilemma, she’s never seen such an animal or a bird. √1mk (Any 1 identified trait and illustration = 2 x 2 = 4mks)

That:

Life must go on despite the racial differences / racial prejudices. √1mk

Nature is not a man. √1mk

Nature stays in harmony while man, with ability to reason, behaves senselessly. √1mk

18.The Twist

A young man goes out for a dance in a town at night√1. He meets many girls of different types and wins one for the twist dance√1. He admires the girl’s dance moves and desires her√1.

i) Sense of sight- “like this” – seen sitting down. (1 mark)
ii) Sense of feeling – “feel your belly twist”

iii) Sense of hearing- “jukebox hiss”

iv) Sense of touch- “try to hold her” Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks(id ½ illustration ½ )

– social interaction- persona meets a girl and befriends her.

– people interacting in the twist dance.

– Twist dance/ dance – there is a twist dance on in the shanty town. (Any 1 theme- id 1mk, illustration 1 mk)

Attitude – admiration/adoration- “really did the twist” see the belly twist

– the persona is attracted by the appearance and dancing prowess of the girls.

(Any 1, id 1mk, illustration 1mk)

Rhyme- down under miss twist

Town thunder hiss wrist

Repetition- …like this, twist

Onomatopoeia – hiss, thunder.

Alliteration – black…brown

Assonance- hunger…thunder

(Any three, id 1 mk, illustration 1 mk)

– He found a girl √1

– Managed to dance with her √1

i) A girl who was neither brown nor black (1 mark)
ii) Listen to the last strains of the music and still crave for more (1 mark) (Total 2 marks)

19.DEATH OF MY FATHER

The persona is a child (1mk). ‘My father’s dead life still lives me.’ (1mk)
The poem talks about the abject poverty in which the persona’s family lives under (1mk). / The struggle for survival by the parents which is hereditary (1mk). ‘I am my father, my son’. However, the persona is optimistic that through him, his father’s dreams and aspirations will be fulfilled (1mk). ‘I will awaken his sleepy hopes and yearnings’. (1mk)

(2mks for the explanation and 1mk for the illustration) (3 marks).

Sarcastic, scornful, smile (1mk) – it brings out his father’s suffering. /shows the persona’s sarcasm on his father’s state (1mk).

Squatted in a sickly mud house (1mk)- it emphasizes the abject poverty in which the persona’s family lived under(1mk). The student must identify the alliteration to score (2marks)

‘He built colonial mansions but squatted in a sickly mud house.’ It shows the poverty in which the persona’s father lived.

Metaphor. ‘Sand-paper hands.’ It is a sign of the tough life the persona’s father has gone through. /The struggles he has gone through.

Repetition. ‘I did not mourn for him.’ It emphasizes the persona’s optimism.

Sarcasm. ‘His sweat was his ointment and perfume.’ Shows the hard manual work the late father did.

Contrast. ‘He built colonial mansions but squatted in a sickly mud house.’ ’ It shows the poverty in which the persona’s father lived.

(Accept any other relevant style; Identification+ illustration 1mk, comment 1mk) (4marks)

He wants to fulfill his father’s dreams of freedom and happiness (2mks). ‘His dreams of freedom and happiness had become my song (1mk).’/ He is hopeful or optimistic that he will awaken his father’s hopes and dreams (2mks). ‘I will awaken his sleepy hopes and yearnings’(1mk) (3marks)
A carpenter. ‘He fashioned dining tables, chairs, wardrobes’/ ‘The hammer, the saw and the plane were his tools’(1mark)
i) The rough hands were a sign /testimony of the tough life/suffering the persona’s father had gone through due to poverty.
ii) He looks older than he actually was.

iii) He will fulfill his father’s plans or wishes or ambitions.

Sarcastic. ‘He built colonial mansions but squatted in a sickly mud house.’ (2mks)

Disdainful, the persona is extremely contemptuous of the kind of life the father lived. ‘with his children huddled….

20.The Gourd of Friendship.

The poem is about how human beings √1 have made many discoveries √1 yet they have not discovered a way to make friendship with their friends work √1 by finding out what they like √ 1 3mks
They help us see how we have lost curiosity as a result of discoveries (line 1) They also help us see how mass media and communication have made us lose communication and knowledge (line 3-4) The other one challenges us to know how we can get the way to the hearts of our brothers to know what they like and thus continue in friendship (line 11)

(identification effect √ ½ √ ½) 3mks

The tone of the poem is a concerned tone, a satirical one / critical tone in that we have lost communication in mass media and lost curiosity in discovery (identification 2mks, Illustration 1 mk) 3mks
i) Satire √1 – we are mocked for losing curiosity in our neighbours and brothers though we are making discoveries in other areas √
Paradox √ – you never know your aspiration until you have seen others disillusionment √1 4mks
i) The persona is worried about failure to have urge to invent what pleases our brothers and neighbours √2 2mks
ii) No effort has been made to find a way to the brother’s or neighbour’s heart 2mks
The persona thinks relationships have suffered since people are not willing to discover what pleases their brothers or friends √1 2mks

The title is appropriate since the persona tries to wonder in the poem what has affected friendships and how they can be contained as content is contained in a gourd √1

21.Theme for English B

black man in America / African-American student- “I am the only coloured student in (no mark without illustration)
racism- he is discriminated based on skin colour education- African-Americans acquire education but in an indiscriminately manner
somber, solemn, serious- the black student is in a class dominated by white students ‘’sometimes perhaps you don’t want to be part of me.”
wants to prove that he is just like others, his colour notwithstanding.
Contemplative/introspective- the persona is examining the difficult issues he is undergoing.
“Harlem, I hear you.”
Similarities- both are human and have same needs.

Differences- they are from different races (black and white)

Note: there should be clear indication of similarities and differences

an uneasy one/not close to one another.

There is mutual respect / tolerance because they are really part of each other.

is it really that simple?

(no mark if question mark is missing)

Neither you nor 1 want to be part of each other.

(no mark if the two pronouns i.e. you and I are interchanged)

22.THE WAR LORD

The poem talks about an army that is approaching a village and the things that are done by the army – cutting, thrushing, slashing etc. The reaction of the people is that of subservience, for they are barren, bleak, blackened, shattered, sterile, and stricken.
The poet is contemptuous towards the warlord. The warlord’s actions are condescending and the poet doesn’t admire what they do.
The separated words reveal the kneejerk decisions made that aim at destruction e.g. cut, thrust, plunge etc. they mimick the destruction meted on the people by the members of the warlord’s army.
As the warlord strives to concur, he destroys what he/she desires to concur. The praises he gets are as a result of coercion that is why it is ‘shrill.’
(i) Glory awaits the warlord – with regal glory and glistering epaulettes.

(ii) Through the warlord is overjoyed by all the “success” the people concurred are unhappy their voices are sharper and sharper.

Metaphor – ‘A maggot riddled remnant of a once serene world.’

Effects of war

The citizens groan under the atrocities committed by the warlord and his/her army – The plunder, rape, castration, torture, killing etc have devastating effects on the citizens.

23.A TAX DRIVER ON DEATH BED. (By Timothy Wangusa)

a) It is about a taxi driver who predicts his death due to careless driving. (3 mks)
b) A resigned / pessimistic attitude – The taxi drive predicts that his death will be caused by an accident

and he accepts it. (2 mks)

c) The persona is a taxi driver. The title (2 mks)
d) The tax driver predicts that his death will result from a road accident yet he is still doing the job.

(irony must be brought out clearly)

e) – ‘That in silence seems to simmer and strain. (1 mk)

It enhance rhythm / musically making the poem memorable and interesting. (1 mk)

Metaphor – Metallic monster – to refer to the taxi as a monster to show that the taxi will lead to his death just as a monster eats its prey.

f) To mean that the will be part of the statistics of those who have perished through road accident. (2 mks)
g) A road accident through overspeeding. (1 mk)

Attempt the forbidden limits. (1 mk)

h) Any relevant / appropriate title. (1 mk)

24.Your Cigarette Burnt the Savannah Grass.

(i) The persona appeals for three things.

Sight – “colour melts at your stare”

Touch – touch in heart

Hearing – “listen to the boiling pot” (3 mks)

(ii) The subject matter of the poem.

– The persona making an invitation to his foe / adversary.

– Accuses him for being the cause of discomfort he’s experiencing.

– Persona is offended by the adversary and suffering – in pain. (e.g colour melts your taste) (3 mks)

(iii) Aspects of style.

(a) Rhetorical question – “What do you hear”?

– Provocable to readers’ / audience feeling.

(b) Personification – ‘touch its heart’ – the boiling pot is personified to have a heart.

(iv) (a) The persona calls / invites his adversary to come and experience the trouble / discomfort that he has caused.

(b) It implies an incitement that has resulted to betrayal of his disappearing conscience. (4 mks)

(v) Desperate/ hopelessness / disillusion (mood) – “The earth at the touch of your fingers cracked”

the scorpion bit me and I cried.” (2 mks)

(vi) Attitude

– Dislike / disdainful / unforgiving.

– The persona feels betrayed his adversary.

25.THE VILLAGE WELL

(i) The persona is a male lover – he says, ‘By this well —- I first noticed her’

(ii) The significant of the well to the persona.

Obtained fresh water from it when he was young.
He met his beloved by the well.
He has fond memories for it “—– memories linger”
He used the water to clean himself – where many an evening its clean water cleaned me.

(iii) Imagery – Personification

The silent moon witnessed
Still waters still quietly whispers

(iv) (a) Dreaded haunt of the long haired Musambwa – means the persona is being haunted by the fond memories of his lover (Musambwa) who is now dead.

I saw her in the cool of a red, red evening – means he saw her in the evening when the sun was setting.
It is dark by the well that still whispers – means that there is no hope and that nothing is interesting by the well now that she is no longer there.

(v) The mood in the first six stanzas is nostalgic because of the fond memories of the good times he had with his loved one. However, in the last two stanzas, the mood is sad because his beloved is dead and what remains are sad memories.

(vi) The persona’s attitude towards death is disgusting – of damp death, the rotting foliage reeks.

26.Old and New

(a) The poem is about a woman that had been married but now divorced 1

She meets a man who had been her husband 1and enquires how the man is fairing with his new

wife 1 in response her former husband concludes that there’s not much to admire in the new wife

as there was in the old 1 (any 3×1= 3marks)

(b) With illustrations identify one similarity and difference in the two wives. (4 marks)

Both are beautiful 1 in beauty of face there’s not much to choose 1
The old wife was more hardworking than the new one 1 The new wife can only do an inch a day

of silk embroidery but the old one would do more than five feet 1

(Accept any plausible differences)

musicality 1 (any of the three effects 1 mk)

(ii) Alliteration 1 went ……. Wild herbs 1

mountain …… met

cannot …… could

Creates rhythm/memorability/musically

(iii) Assonance 1 will …….wilty 1

(iv) Consonance 1 down …….. mountain

Creates rhythm/memorability/musically 1 (Identification and illustration to score)

(d) His present wife maybe more educated/learned but he doesn’t find her pleasant or attractive in her talk/she doesn’t interest him with her discussion 2

(e) – Divorce and remarriage are allowed

……Her former husband

……My new wife 1

– Women kneel down before men as a sign of respect …..’She knelt down…..1

– Women’s duties involve collecting herbs, sewing and embroidery 1

(f) Ironical 1 ….. the new will not compare with the old. 1

27.THAT OTHER LIFE

a) The day of “final union” reminds of joy / peace / pleasure and care they promised each other.

(Any three = 1 mk each)

b) The persona has faint memories of joyful moments / when they felt like one / when they saw each other’s image everywhere / and loved each other like little children.
c) The persona is regretful (1 mk) he feels that they’ve not lived unto the promises they made to each other. (1 mk)
d) i) The persona and partner felt happy in spite of happiness or sorrow ( 1 mk ) for both had one hope in life , to be happy and united in purpose. (1 mk)

ii) They were innocent about their feelings towards making each other feel loved / (2 mks)

iii) The persona hoped for a life of prosperity. (1mk) loaning money / farms / cows. (3 mks)

e) Repetition – ‘I have only faint memories’

The repetition emphasizes the persona’s feelings of regret.

Simile – ‘We praised…like little children in love’ – brings out the sense of deep love they had for each (1mk)

f) The mood of the poem is nostalgic (1 mk) and regretful (1 mk)

My grandmother by Elizabeth Jennings

The persona is a grandchild√ “My grandmother” √
-Stanza 1: describers her grandmother√

-Stanza 2: describes the incidence which course guilt√

-Stanza 3: shows her grandmother in retirement√

-Stanza 3: after her grandmother has died, the poet reflect on her grandmother’s life and her own memories√

Images used include:

-Simile- like antique objects√, to show persona’s objection to the way he was treated by the grandmother√

-Metaphor-The smells of absences √; the place smelt old√

The persona feels indifferent√ towards his grandmother. “and when she died I felt no grief at all” √
Too old to look after the shop

Symbolic of her death and absence√

The persona uses a regretful tone. √ He said “I still could feel the guilt

Of that refusal, guessing how she felt’’√

It means that the grandmother was attached to the things she had but she didn’t really use them. √ They did not have any value to her apart from being attached to them. √
The persona feels guilt for having failed to accompany his/her grandmother out √because he/she didn’t want to be used as one of the antique item. √

Riding Chinese Machines

The poem is about how the natural habitat has been invaded by development by the Chinese. Buildings and roads have made the natural habitat to give way. (3mks)
He / she hates the beasts – he / she says that they crank and creak and groan.
Alliteration – crank and creak.

Personification – buried marvel rumbles.

The development talked about is destructive – in the process towers and roads, the environment is destroyed. (3mks)
(i) The machines are driven by the locals – Africans. (2mks)

(ii) The wildlife’s habitat is destroyed by the new development. (2mks)

Environmental degradation – The natural habitat is cleared to pave way for the new roads and buildings.

Neo-colonialism – these are new masters who have the locals as subjects. (any one theme 2mks)

The title is ironic – it portrays whatever is going on in the text as enjoyable yet the destruction is negative. There is no enjoyable destruction. (2mks)

Sympathy

The poem is about a bird that is caged .It is confined and denied freedom .It cannot enjoy the ordinary pleasure of nature – the sunshine ,the breeze and the perfume from flowers .

The bird struggles to liberate itself but hurts itself in the process (any 3 points x1)3mrks

1^st stanza –alienation –the bird is alienated from all that is natural and desirable, feelings of nostalgia for days when he /she enjoyed freedom .

2rd stanza –freedom describes attempts by the bird to escape .The struggle is painful, efforts to escape are met with brutality.

3^rd stanza –Prayer – focuses on prayer .Other means have not yielded results. The bird appeals for intervention from other sources perhaps a superior force will liberate it . (6mrks )(2 per stanza ) (3×2)

Sympathetic – Sympathies with the caged bird

Alas expresses pity, graphic description of the birds feeling elicits pity from the reader

Empathetic – He keeps saying “I know what caged birds put himself /herself in the shoes of the bird

Hopeful –One day the caged bird will experience freedom (any 2×2)=4mrks

(Identifications without illustration no mark )

He himself /herself had suffered at the hand of the cruel oppressors ‘denied freedom, tortured .He may have also suffered physical &psychological injury .He condemns those who conspire to subject others to a life of slavery and misery e.g. Detention ,Imprisonment and confinement (3mrks)

“The river flows like a stream of glasses” Shows what the bird yearns for but cant have . River represents a life of freedom, stands for natural beauty that the caged bird is denied.

i) Means that the flowers produce a sweet smell that gives much joy but the caged bird cant access such luxury.

Other birds out there enjoy the perfume (1mrks)

g) The caged bird

prayer for the freedom (1mrk)

(any other relevant –award)

Famine

(a) The poem is about an encounter between two neighbours during famine. One of them has food that he stubbornly refuses to share with his hungry ‘brother’.

(b) The neighbour hopes that by being persistent, the owner of the yam will relent and give him

some. Although the owner denies everything, the neighbour shows him he knows that he (the owner) is refusing to own up the truth when it is so obvious. The neighbour also hopes to prick his “friend’s” conscience. He hopes that guilt will force the owner of the yam to share the yam.

(i) Mean / selfish – inspite of the efforts the neighbour makes, he refuses to share his food.

(ii) Innovative /schemer / creative – He formulates quick answers to counteract what his neighbour says.

(d) The ideophones words are “kerekere” and “bi”.

(e) The neighbour is very observant because he notices things like fire and associate it with the meal the owner wants to prepare. He also notices the owner’s “skin” is “all white” of course the whiteness is from the yam peelings. The owner of the yam refutes everything. But the owner is not fooled.

(f) Bitter, dismissive – There cannot be peace …

(g) The statement “Peace be with you” is ironic because the neighbour is probably being sarcastic. He cannot be wishing somebody who has denied him food peace. He has made the owner of the yam guilty. A person with a guilty conscience is unlikely to have peace.

(h) We learn that we should share what we have with the needy. When we don’t, we cannot have peace with ourselves or others.

32.Building the nation

a) 2 voices in the poem
i) The driver who drives the Ps to the luncheon.

“I drove a permanent secretary.”

ii) The Ps “ I attended to matters of state.”
NB. Must identify and illustrate to score 2mks

No mark for identification alone

b) The poem is about a driver who drives a permanent secretary to an important function” which turns out to be a luncheon where different meals are served , but the driver is not given any hence he goes home hungry while the Ps is overfed
c) Poetic devices
i) Ryme – Nation / function, friend/ ahead, grain, again e.t.c

Effectiveness – Enhances rhythm

ii) Alliteration – Cold Bell beer ……………….

coffee to keep the Ps ………………

Effectiveness – musically/ rhythm

iii) Repetition – building the nation

Effectiveness – Enhances rhythm / musicallity

Any other relevant answer

NB: Identify, illustrate and give effectiveness in order to score (3 mks)

d) Tone is satirical/sarcastic – The writer scorns the duties performed by the Ps in the guise of building the nation. The Ps only goes to luncheons to eat yet claims to be building the
e) Contemptous/spiteful/ condescending. The Ps refers to his driver as “Mwananchi”
f) Rhyme scheme a b c b d

Irregular one cannot predict the next pattern

h) didn’t he ?
i) The permanent secretary was driven back. (by me)

Oral poetry

a) War song-we shall kill hack and cure
b) To encourage the warriors as they prepare to leave for war

To praise the warriors as they go to war the uniformed machines

Used to intimidate the enemy-repetition of blood

c) Repetition- blood iron and trumpets

 Direct address- singers of the datsunblue, forward we drive breaking records

 Direct translation- let the bullets find their targets

d) War- let the dogs of war rejoice

 victory- forward we drive breaking records

e) social activity: going to war-‘dogs of war’

 Economic activity: blacksmithing-the mention of iron

f) Warriors preparing for war as it is being sand to inspire and encourage them
g) The statement means that the army which is as efficient as a machine is around
h) Mood is tensed/ of anxiety-only through fire

SECOND OLYMPUS

√ “……with half digested alien thought”√ “……they hurled down thunderbolts on a toiling race of earth worms.” 1 x 2
Bitterness; the poet talks with irony and sarcasm to show his contempt.√ 1 x 2 “…..strange prejudice for gods.”√ “…..self proclaimed demi- gods.”√ “…..martyrs and men oof high ideals.”√ “……benevorent despots to an unwilling race.” Any 1 x 1 mark
The aliens destroyed√ everything that was not important to trhem.√ And put up their own √ They destroyed cultures and traditions and introduced theirs. 1 x 3
It referred to African √ slaves who worked very hard on their lands√ and soil. They worked on the soil for too long like earthworms.√ 1 x 3

Metaphor “worms were becoming pests.” To emphasize the fact though√ the Africans were minor compared to the whites, they caused destruction and resisted the colonial rule.
Irony √ “….strange prejudice for good” to show the colonialists’ hypocrisy√

Sarcasm √” ….self proclaimed demi- gods” to laugh √ at their proclaimed superiority’

The disrespects√ for gods. The white have proclaimed themselves gods. 1 x 2
Sarcastic tone.√ “strange prejudice for gods” 1 x1

Advise to my son

A parent √1- says ‘but son.’√1
–motor accidents√1- allude to windshield √1 (belongs to a car) -war√ 1 – bursting shell √ 1 (after explosion of bombs)
Heaven- good/ positive experiences in life hell- horrible things we may encounter.
Spinach √ ½ turnips ½ desert√ ½ tomatoes√ ½ squash√ ½ and bread√ ½ – necessities Peony√ ½ nectar√ ½ wine√ ½ and rose√ ½ -luxuries
He advises the son on one hand to live each day to the fullest as if were his last and on the other hand he advises him to plan for future .
Don’t be deceived by the appearances, later on thiongs could change. Know her (pretty girl) background before marrying her.
What the stomach craves is stronger sustenance
Last- endure/ stay for long time past or previously fast- to forgo food to move quickly
The son is advised to have fun/ luxurious life

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