Teachers' Resources

FORM 4 AGRICULTURE PAPER EXAMS PLUS ANSWERS

By Hillary KangwanaMay 31, 2025

Name………………………………………………………………………………..Index Number…………………..

School………………………………………………………. Candidate’s Signature…………..

Date……………………………………

FORM 4

443/1

AGRICULTURE

Paper 1

2 hours

Instructions to Candidates

This paper has three sections A, B and C
Answer all questions in section A and B
Select any two question in section C and answer them in the spaces provided

SECTION	QUESTION	MAXIMUM SCORE	CANDIDATE’S SCORE
A	1 – 16	30
B	17 – 20	20
C	21 22 23	20 20 20
TOTAL		90

SECTION A ( 30 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section

Give three branches of horticulture farming (1½marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name the parts harvested for each f the following crops (1½marks)
Onions………………………………………………………………………………
Carrots………………………………………………………………………………
Coffee………………………………………………………………………………

State three chemical agents of weathering (1½marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

State four qualities of ascion for use in vegetative propagation materials (2marks)

Outline four observable indicates of economic development of a nation (2marks)

6.(a) Name two field management practices that are carried out to obtain optimum plant population in a crop field (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Explain how each of the practices named in (a) above achieves optimum plant population

(1mark)

State four types of records kept by a poultry farmer. (2marks)

State four reasons for deep ploughing during land preparation (2marks)

State three advantages of adding organic matter to sandy soil. (1½marks)

Give four conditions of the land which may make it necessary to carry out reclamation practices. (2marks)

State forms in which the following elements are absorbed by plants from the soil(2marks)
Phosphorous…………………………………………………………………………….
Potassium……………………………………………………………………………….

Sulphur………………………………………………………………………………….

Nitrogen……………………………………………………………………………….

List four examples of land reforms in Kenya (2marks)

State four symptoms of viral diseases in crop production (2marks)

Distinguish between under sowing and over sowing (2marks)

State four practices used to control smut in maize production (2marks)

Give four reasons for practicing Agro-forestry in Kenya. (2marks)

SECTION B ( 20 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section.

The diagram below illustrates common weeds in arable land. Study them carefully and answer questions that follow.

(a) Identify the weed labelled D (1mark)

D…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Classify weed C according to plant morphology (1mark)

(c ) Give one reasons why it is difficult to control weed labelled D. (1mark)

(d) State three harmful effects of weed C in agriculture. (3marks)

Study a section of the diagram of soil conservation practice shown below then answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the method of soil conservation illustrated on the diagram above. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Explain two ways in which the above method helps to conserve the soil and water

(2marks)

(a) Indicate the type of elasticity shown in diagram A and B (2marks)

A…………………………………………………………………………………….(1mark)

B…………………………………………………………………………………….(1mark)

(b) Give two factors that determine elasticity of demand (2marks)

(c ) Give one example of a marketing agency in Kenya (1mark)

The illustration below shows a cropping programme. Beans, maize, Kales, Cassava, Cabbage Sweet potatoes.

Beans	maize
Kales	Cassava
Cabbages	Sweet potatoes

(a) Identify the cropping programme (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Giving a reason, identify one mistake the farmer made when designing the above programme (1mark)

(c ) State two ways the above programme help in control of weeds (2marks)

(d) State one advantage of this programme (1mark)

SECTION C ( 40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 23.

(a)Describe the transplanting of vegetables seedling (10marks)

(b) State factors to consider when drawing a farm plan (10marks)

(i) The following is a farm record Mr. Makau had kept as at 30^th June 2011. Study it carefully and prepare a balance sheet for the farm. (6marks)

Equity loan 180,000

Equity overdraft 24,000

Working tools 30,000

Cash at hand 15,000

Cash at bank 50,000

Buildings 60,000

Debtors 18.000

Goats 48,000

Land 70,000

Creditors 49,000

Ox plough 20,000

(ii) Is Mr. Makau business solvent or insolvent? Explain (2marks)

(b) Describe cultural methods of pest control (6marks)

(c ) Outline six effects of high temperature on agricultural production (6marks)

(a) Outline eight principles of co-operatives (8marks)

(b) Describe advantages of land consolidation (8marks)

(c ) State four factors determining the choice of a farming system (4marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

MARKING SCHEME

443/1 AGRICULTURE

Give three branches of horticulture farming

Pomology/Fruit farming
Floriculture/Flower farming
Olericulture/vegetative farming ( ½ x 2 = 1½ mks)

Name the parts harvested for each f the following crops
Onions – bulbs
Carrots – roots
Coffee – berries ( ½ x 2 = 1½ mks)

State three chemical agents of weathering

Oxygen
Carbon IV oxide
Water (½ x 3 = 1½ mks)

State four qualities of ascion for use in vegetative propagation materials

Wood 1 year old or less
Healthy and well developed
Visible vegetative
Be mature and relatively hard shoots
Obtained from centre portion () of the shoot
Pathogen free
From high yielding mother trees (½ x 4 = 2mks)

Outline four observable indicates of economic development of a nation

Development of infrastructure
Housing status of the cities
Increase in recreation facilities
Ratio of teachers to students
Improvement in the level of technology/more industrialization(½ x 4 = 2mks)

6.(a) Name two field management practices that are carried out to obtain optimum plant population in a crop field

Thinning (½mks)
Gapping (½mks)

(b) Explain how each of the practices named in (a) above achieves optimum plant population

Thinning- removes the excess seedlings from the field (2 x ½ = (1mk)
Gapping- Replaces seedlings/seeds that died/failed to germinate

State four types of records kept by a poultry farmer.

Feeding records
Health records
Inventories
Egg production record
Marketing record
Labour records (4x½ = 2mks)

State four reasons for deep ploughing during land preparation

To break hard pan
To improve water infiltration
For proper aeration
To bring leached nutrients to soil surface (4x½ = 2mks)

State three advantages of adding organic matter to sandy soil.

Adds nutrients
Increases bial activities in the soil
Improves water holding capacity
Buffers soil pH
Moderate soil temperature (4x½ = 2mks)

Give four conditions of the land which may make it necessary to carry out reclamation practices.

Very steep land
Water logged marshy area
Forested/ Bushy area
Rocky/Arid/Tsetse fly infected areas (4x½ = 2mks)

State forms in which the following elements are absorbed by plants from the soil
Phosphoros – Phosphate ion – PO₄3^–
Potassium – Potassium ion, K⁺

Sulphur – Sulpahte ions SO₄²

iv Nitrogen – Nitrate ions, NO^–₃/NH₄⁺ (4x½ = 2mks)

List four examples of land reforms in Kenya

Land legislation
Land adjudication
Land registration
Land consolidation
Tenancy reform
Settlement (4x½ = 2mks)

State four symptoms of viral diseases in crop production

Leaf chlorosis
Leaf curling
Mosaic
Malformation
Rosetting (4x½ = 2mks)

Distinguish between under sowing and over sowing

Overgrowing- sowing of small seeded pasture grasses under the established arable crop
Undersowing- Sowing of one pasture crop in an established or existing pasture

(4x½ = 2mks)

State four practices used to control smut in maize production

Early planting
Rogueing
Trap cropping (4x½ = 2mks)

Give four reasons for practicing Agro-forestry in Kenya.

Trees act as wind breaks
Provide the soil with organic matter
Provide fine wood
Conserve fruits
Some trees used as fodder for feeding livestock (4x½ = 2mks)

SECTION B ( 20 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section.

The diagram below illustrates common weeds in arable land. Study them carefully and answer questions that follow.

(a) Identify the weed labelled D

D – oxalis spp (soriel) (1mk)

(b) Classify weed C according to plant morphology

Broad leafed (1mk)

(c ) Give one reasons why it is difficult to control weed labelled D.

Propagates itself vegetatively by bulbs and nuts (1mark)

(d) State three harmful effects of weed C in agriculture.

Reduces quality of the product
It competes for nutrients, water & sunlight reducing yield
Seeds have spikes that irritate workers reducing work output

(any 2×1 = 2mks)

Study a section of the diagram of soil conservation practice shown below then answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the method of soil conservation illustrated on the diagram above.

Fanya juu reracce (1mk)

(b) Explain two ways in which the above method helps to conserve the soil and water

Has a channel the drain water
Has grass on the ridge to reduce speed of running water
Grass trap eroded soil
Ridge reduce speed of run off & retains eroded soil (2×1=2mks)

(c ) Scoop soil from the lower side to make a ditch/tunnel

Throw the soil on the upper side of the hill to nake a ridge (2×1=2mks)

(a) Indicate the type of elasticity shown in diagram A and B (2marks)

D D

P1 D

Q2 Q1 P2 Q1

(a) A – inelastic demand

B – Unitary demand (2×1=2mks)

(b) Give two factors that determine elasticity of demand

Availability of substitutes
Degree of necessity
The number of uses of produce can be put to use
Time lag
Time span
Proportion (any 2 x 1 = 2mks)

(c ) Give one example of a marketing agency in Kenya

Wholesalers
Itinerant traders
Retailers
Packers and processors (any 1 x 1 = 1mk)

The illustration below shows a cropping programme. Beans, maize, Kales, Cassava, Cabbage Sweet potatoes.

Beans	maize
Kales	Cassava
Cabbages	Sweet potatoes

(a) Identify the cropping programme

Crop rotation (1mk)

(b) Giving a reason, identify one mistake the farmer made when designing the above programme (1mark)

Planting kales after cabbage

(c ) State two ways the above programme help in control of weeds

Parasitic weeds one specific to certain crops of different families
Provide soil cover to smoothen weed (2×1 = 2mks)

(d) State one advantage of this programme

Maximum utilization of nutrients in soil
Control soil borne pests & diseases
Control weeds
Improvement of soil fertility
Improvement of soil structure
Control of soil erosion ( ½ x 3 = Any ( 1×1 = 1mk)

SECTION C ( 40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 23.

(a)Describe the transplanting of vegetables seedling

Water the nursery 1 day before
Select vigorous seedlings
Lift with a trowel
Lift seedlings with a ball of soil
Plant one seedling per hole
Plant early morning, evening or on a cool weather
Plant same depth as it was in the nursery
Firm seed around the roots in the hole
Incorporate phosphatic fertilizers in the hole 10 x 1 (10mks)

(b) State factors to consider when drawing a farm plan

Size of the farm
Current trend in labour market
Environmental factors
Farmer’s objectives and preference
Possible production enterprises
Exisiting market conditions and price trends
Availability and cost of farm inputs
Government policy or regulations
Security
Communication and transport facilities 10 x 1 = 10mks)

(i) The following is a farm record Mr. Makau had kept as at 30^th June 2011. Study it carefully and prepare a balance sheet for the farm. (6marks)

Equity loan 180,000

Equity overdraft 24,000

Working tools 30,000

Cash at hand 15,000

Cash at bank 50,000

Buildings 60,000

Debtors 18.000

Goats 48,000

Land 70,000

Creditors 49,000

Ox plough 20,000

MAKAU’S FARM

Balance sheet As

At 30^th June 2011

Liabilities

shs

cts

Assets

shs

cts

Currents liabilities

Creditors

Equity overdraft

Long term liabilities

Loan; Equity

Total liabilities

Total

49,000

24,000

180,000

253,000

253,00

Current assets

Cash on hand

Cash in hand

Debtors

Goats

Fixed assets

Ox plough

Working tools

Land

Net worth

15,000

50,000

18,000

48,000

20,000

15,000

70,000

17,000

253,00

(6mks)

(ii) Is Mr. Makau business solvent or insolvent? Explain

Its insolvent, the value at liabilities exceeds assets value the business can’t meet all that it owes other firm

(b) Describe cultural methods of pest control

Crop rotation – breaks life cycle of pathogens
Rogueing – chicks disease spread
Planting artificial/cle3an seeds- prevents introduction of pathogen into the field
Early planting/ timely planting crops establish faster before the outbreak of disease
Proper spacing- creates unfavourable micro-climate for some pathogen
Weed control- removes alternate hosts of some pathogens
Use of clean tools and equipment410
Pruning- removes diseases plant
Quantities’ prevents spread or pathogens
Heat treatments

(6mks)

(c ) Outline six effects of high temperature on agricultural production

Increases incidences of some pest and diseases e,g leaf rust and aphids
Improve quality of certain crops produce e.g fruits
Lowers quality of certain crops e.g pyrethrum
Increases Aeration of evaporation
Increases rate of growth for early maturing crops

SECTION C

(a) Outline eight principles of co-operatives (8marks)

A person should be 18 years and above
Membership is voluntary, no coercion
No prejudice against race, gender, religion or tribe
The co-operative should join with other co-operative movements
Loyalty & the co-operative – buy and sell materials in your own co-operative
Co-operative requires a membership minimum of 10 (ten) and any maximum
Co-operative should educate its members through workshops seminars
Dividends divided according & share limit of each member
There is minimum share and maximum share contribution
Withdrawal is voluntarily

(b) Describe advantages of land consolidation (8marks)

Fluctuation- Market contract
Disaster – insurances-
Bad weather – Preservation
Lack of market- Contrast farming
Lack of market information – Advertisement
Poor communication & transport- improve infrastructure facilities
Perishable goods – Use of preservation facilities e.g freezers
Terrible losses in time of harvesting diversification

(c ) State four factors determining the choice of a farming system (4marks)

Taste and preference of the consumer
Availability of capital/resources
Cultural/traditional/religious beliefs
Knowledge of the farmer about the enterprise
Government policy
The enterprise itself
Climatic factors
Farmers choice

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