{"id":28438,"date":"2024-12-13T06:46:40","date_gmt":"2024-12-13T03:46:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/?p=28438"},"modified":"2024-07-03T21:36:19","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T18:36:19","slug":"contacts-between-east-africa-and-the-outside-world-upto-the-19th-century-history-topical-revision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/contacts-between-east-africa-and-the-outside-world-upto-the-19th-century-history-topical-revision\/","title":{"rendered":"CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UPTO THE 19th CENTURY HISTORY TOPICAL REVISION"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UPTO THE 19<sup>th<\/sup> CENTURY<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Mention two economic benefits of the Oman rule along the Kenyan coast during the\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>19<sup>th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(2 marks)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Oman established long distance trade in East Africa that added value to the East African resources like Rhino horns, ivory, leading to economic growth in E. Africa.<\/li>\n<li>The Oman led to the development of plantation agriculture along the Kenyan Coast.<\/li>\n<li>They introduced new crops in E. African Coast e.g. mangoes, rice, sugarcane.<\/li>\n<li>They introduced money economy in Kenya.<\/li>\n<li>New lines of transport were opened between the coast and the interior e.g. trade routes.<\/li>\n<li>They linked E. African coast to international trade\/it linked E. Africa to the global commercial network.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>6.<strong>Give the main reason that led to the decline of the Gedi in the 15<sup>th<\/sup> Century. (1 mark)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>shortage of water\/drought (1 x 1= 1 mark)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 5,6 DIST 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Why did Seyyid Said transfer his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>-Zanzibar was centrally placed<\/li>\n<li>-Adequate rainfall, fertile soil and fresh water<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>-deep harbours for ships<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Zanzibar remained loyal to Oman<\/li>\n<li>Zanzibar was an island therefore easily defensible<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Any 2 x1mark each\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2mks)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>(a) Describe the characteristics of the Coastal towns by 1500<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(i) Kiswahili was the medium of communication in the coastal towns<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Islam was the main religion practiced in towns<\/p>\n<p>(iii) Sharia laws were used in administration<\/p>\n<p>(iv) Houses were built using Arab architecture<\/p>\n<p>(v) Trade was the main economic activity in the town<\/p>\n<p>(vi) There were city states for the Muslims and also for Africans<\/p>\n<p>(vii) City states were ruled by Imams or Sheikhs<\/p>\n<p>(viii) City states were independent political entities<\/p>\n<p>(ix) Town minted their own coins<\/p>\n<p>(x) People wore woven and silk clothes.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Any 7×1 = 7mks<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) Explain the impact of the Indian Ocean trade on the people of East Africa<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Muslims traders spread Islam<\/li>\n<li>Arabs and other immigrants intermarried with the coastal communities giving rise to the Swahili people<\/li>\n<li>Emergence of Swahili culture<\/li>\n<li>Influence mode of dressing and eating<\/li>\n<li>Towns such as Mombasa and Lamu developed<\/li>\n<li>Sharia laws were introduced<\/li>\n<li>Introduction of new crops e.g. wheat, rice and cloves<\/li>\n<li>A rich class of merchants emerged i.e chief kivoi, chief Ngonyo of giriama<\/li>\n<li>Local industries i.e weaving and iron working declined, because of importation of foreign goods<\/li>\n<li>Demand for slaves increased warfare leading to insecurity, loss of life and property destruction<\/li>\n<li>Development of trade routes in the interior<\/li>\n<li>East Africa coast was opened to the outside world leading to colonization. 8 points x 1mk each =8 mks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 3, 19 DIST 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Two functions of the Orkoiyot among the Nandi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>He foretold future events\/seer<\/li>\n<li>He presided over religious functions\/Blessed the warriors<\/li>\n<li>He advised the council of elders<\/li>\n<li>He was a medicineman<\/li>\n<li>He was a rainmaker<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any 2 x 1 = 2mks<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Two ways through which Islam was spread in Kenya by 1500 A.D.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Through contact with Arab traders\/settler<\/li>\n<li>Though intermarriage with the people of Kenya<\/li>\n<li>Through building of Mosques in which the ideals of Islam were preached<\/li>\n<li>Through madras\/Muslim schools where Quran was the main text book<\/li>\n<li>Through the use of Sharia laws in the administration of the city states<\/li>\n<li>Through imitating the lifestyles of the Muslims<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any 2 x 1 = 2mks<\/p>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li>A part from the missionaries name two other groups that provided education in colonial Kenya<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Colonial Government<\/p>\n<p>– Independent churches (African themselves)<\/p>\n<p>2 x 1 = 2mks<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 4, 5, 11 DIST 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.Two Greco \u2013 Roman records on the E. Africa coast <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Periplus of the Erythrean Sea<\/li>\n<li>Ptoleny\u2019s Geography<\/li>\n<li>Natural History<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5.Two negative effects of Indian Ocean trade on the Kenyan people<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decline of local industries<\/li>\n<li>Intensification of inter-community warfare<\/li>\n<li>Colonization<\/li>\n<li>Destruction of wildlife \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 x 2 = 2 Marks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>17.a. \u00a0\u00a0 Three factors that led to the abolition of slave trade in E. Africa \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 Marks<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of machines which were more efficient and reliable than human labour<\/li>\n<li>Argument by economists e.g. Adams Smith that free people were more willing to work than slaves<\/li>\n<li>Industrialization in Europe where raw market for European manufactured goods<\/li>\n<li>Humanitarians saw it as against human rights \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 x 3 = 3 Marks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Six positive consequences of long distance trade \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12 Marks<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>It stimulated local and regional trade<\/li>\n<li>Foreign goods found their way to the interior<\/li>\n<li>Introduction of new crops e.g. bananas, sugar cane etc to the interior<\/li>\n<li>Emergence of class of wealth merchants e.g. Chief Kivoi<\/li>\n<li>Development of trade routes<\/li>\n<li>Development of market centres e.g. Mbooni hills<\/li>\n<li>Development of plantation farming because of use of slaves<\/li>\n<li>Introductions of money economy<\/li>\n<li>Islam and Swahili culture spread to the interior \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a02 x 6 = 12 Marks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00bd a mark if examples are not given as in the marking scheme\/ any other relevant example<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 4, 5 ,17 DIST 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>– Used as a watch tower<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– It was an administrative centre<\/p>\n<p>– Areas of keeping of ammunitions \/ weapons<\/p>\n<p>– Hiding place<\/p>\n<p>– Kept war captives<\/p>\n<p>– Where they sent their expeditions from\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (any 2 x 1 = 2mks)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"17\">\n<li>a) – Availability of trade goods<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Demand for goods<\/p>\n<p>– Existence of rice merchants<\/p>\n<p>– Presence of trade winds\/ monsoon winds<\/p>\n<p>– Peace and political stability at the Kenyan coast<\/p>\n<p>– Accessibility of the coast by deep sea harbours<\/p>\n<p>– Existence of local trade\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (any 5 x 1 = 5mks)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>b) – Establishment of towns like Mombasa and malindi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Intermarriages between Asians and African communities<\/p>\n<p>– Development of Kiswahili language<\/p>\n<p>– Spread of Islamic culture<\/p>\n<p>– Stimulated local trade<\/p>\n<p>– Stimulated commercial activities in the interior<\/p>\n<p>– Rivalry between different communities over the control of the region<\/p>\n<p>– Establishment of Arab rule \/ Sharia law<\/p>\n<p>– Rise of slave trade<\/p>\n<p>– Rise of merchants \/ rich people<\/p>\n<p>– Establishment of Islamic learning \/ teaching\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (5 well explained x 2 = 10mks)<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 3,17 DIST 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Identify one commodity that was imported from China to the Kenyan coast during the Indian Ocean trade <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (<strong><em>1mk<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Porcelain bowls<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Daggers<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Swords<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Potter<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Silk<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Beads<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Glass ware\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>1 x 1 = 1mk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"19\">\n<li>a) <strong>State three reasons why the Omani Arabs appointed local Arab families to <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>control the East<\/strong> <strong>African coast on their behalf after defeating the Portuguese \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>(<strong><em>3mks<\/em><\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They were civil wars in Oman<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They feared rebellion by coastal towns<\/li>\n<li>The Persians threatened to conquer Oman <strong><em>3 x 1 = 3mks<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>b) <strong>Explain the results of the development of plantation agriculture on the East African coast by Seyyid Said <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>(12mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It led to increased slave trade for slave labour<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Introduction of new crops such as cloves, coconut and maize<\/li>\n<li>Development of towns like Malindi, pemba<\/li>\n<li>Promoted trade<\/li>\n<li>Growth of wealthy merchants among the Arabs and Swahili<\/li>\n<li>It led to depopulation in the interior as slaves were taken to work in farms at the coast\u2019<\/li>\n<li>The population of foreigners from Oman increased at the coast<\/li>\n<li>Slaves were expected to poor working condition and long hours of work.<strong><em> 6 x 2 = 12mks<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ANS 5, 19 DIST 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Give reasons why thre Arabs migrated to the Kenyan coast before 1500 A.D. (2mks)<\/li>\n<li>i) To trade<\/li>\n<li>ii) To escape religious conflicts \/ civil wars<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To spread Islam<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) For adventure \/ Exploration.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)<\/li>\n<li>Name two communities who were actively involved in the long distance<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>trade in Kenya during the colonial period.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2mks)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) Akamba iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Agiryama<\/li>\n<li>ii) Swahili iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arabs\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( any\u00a0 2x 1= 2mks)<\/li>\n<li>Give two factors that caused conflict between the Omam rulers and<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Mazrui of Mombasa\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( 2mks)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) Oman rulers wanted to expand their potential influence over Mombasa.<\/li>\n<li>ii) Mazrui governors wanted to be independent.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mazrui was aware of the civil wars facing Oman rulers back at home.<\/p>\n<p>Iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oman rulers wanted to control the Indian ocean trade.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>Identify two contributions of John krapf to the spread of Christianity in Kenya. ( 2 mks)<\/li>\n<li>i) He built a church at Rabai<\/li>\n<li>ii) He translated the bible to Kiswahili.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trained catechists who assisted in the spread o the gospel.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) Encouraged missionaries to come to Kenya.<\/li>\n<li>v) He did exploration work which led to the opening up of the interior<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>of Kenya.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"17\">\n<li>a) State five features of the coastal city states by 1500 A.D \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( 5 mks)<\/li>\n<li>i) Kiswahili was used as the main medium of communication\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( 5 mks)<\/li>\n<li>ii) Islam was the main religion practiced in towns.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Islamic law\/ sharia was used in administration.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) Houses were constructed using Arabic architecture<\/li>\n<li>v) Trade was the main economic activity in towns.<\/li>\n<li>vi) The city state were generally divided in two sections, one muslim and other African.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>vii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The city state were independent political entities.<\/p>\n<p>viii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Towns minted their own coins \/money<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>ix) People wore woven and silk clothes.<\/li>\n<li>x) They practiced mixed farming. They grew bananas yams and coconuts.<\/li>\n<li>xi) They fished in the Indian ocean fish\/ sea food was a major for part of their diet.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>ANS3,4,5,6,17 DIST\u00a0 7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Name two Europeans countries that rivaled the Portuguese for the control of the Kenyan coastal trade in the \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a017<sup>th<\/sup> century \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2mks)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>-Britain<\/p>\n<p>-Dutch \/Holland<\/p>\n<p>-France \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20. Factors that led to the defeat of African coastal\u00a0 city\u00a0 states by the Portuguese in 1500AD<\/p>\n<p>-Portuguese had superior naval and military technology<\/p>\n<p>-Disunity of the coastal towns e.g. Malindi and Mombasa<\/p>\n<p>-Portuguese got reinforcement from their headquarter at Goa in India<\/p>\n<p>-The Turkish and Persian navies patrolling Indian oceans were weak.<\/p>\n<p>-Portuguese organized surprise attacks and fought with determination<\/p>\n<p>-Superior military tactics of the Portuguese.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (5×1=5mks)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>b) Explain five factors that led to the development of long distance trade in Kenya in pre-colonial period<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>-The external demand for goods from the interior e.g. ivory and animal skins.<\/p>\n<p>-Availability of items of traders from the interior<\/p>\n<p>-Demand for foreign goods in the interior e.g. cloth\/ glassware etc<\/p>\n<p>-Presence of enterprising traders such as chief Kivoi of the Akamba.<\/p>\n<p>-Existence of well-developed local trade which formed a basis for long distance trade.<\/p>\n<p>-Presence of well-established trade routes between the interior and the coast.<\/p>\n<p>-Peaceful co-existence between the people of the interior and the coast. \u00a0(5×2=10mks)<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 5, 20 DIST 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2×1=2mks<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Give <u>two<\/u> roles played by the Arabs in the development of city states along the Kenyan coast.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2mks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) They introduced new architecture of home building resulting to the growth of settlements<\/li>\n<li>ii) They built settlements and religious centres which evolved into towns \/ introduced Islam<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They contributed to the development of trade which influenced the growth of towns.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (1 x 2 = 2mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>Give <u>two<\/u> roles played by the Arabs in the development of city states along the Kenyan coast.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2mks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) Heavy taxation by the Portuguese<\/li>\n<li>ii) Corrupt \/ brutal \/ cruel Portuguese administrators<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Portuguese wanted to control\u00a0 trade a long the coast.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) Coastal people were Muslims while the Portuguese were Christians\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>(1 x 2 = 2mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Name <u>two<\/u> Christian missionary societies that operated in Kenya in the Nineteenth century <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2mks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) The church missionary society.<\/li>\n<li>ii) The white fathers<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The African Inland mission<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) Church of Scotland<\/li>\n<li>v) The Holy Ghost fathers\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>(1 x 2 = 2mks (use of abbreviations half mark each<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>19a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>State <u>three<\/u> reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital city from Muscat to Zanzibar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The climate in Zanzibar was pleasant as compared to Muscat which was hot and dry throughout the year\/ green throughout the year<\/li>\n<li>The need to control the town a long the East African\u00a0 coast more effectively.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Zanzibar had deep harbour which ships could anchor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Zanzibar had a strategic position which was convenient for trade with the main land.<\/li>\n<li>Zanzibar had a fertile soil for the cultivation of cloves<\/li>\n<li>Zanzibar had clean water for drinking <strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3×1 = 3mks<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>b) <strong>Explain <u>six<\/u> effects of Sayyid said\u2019s transfer of his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar on <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the Kenyan Coast\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (12mks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Expansion of coastal towns<\/li>\n<li>ii) Development of cloves plantation farming<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Slave trade expanded\/Zanzibar became a leading town in slave trade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Expansion of trade by sending caravans to the interior, signing commercial treaties with representatives of the French, British, Germans and the Nyamwezi<\/li>\n<li>Exposed the interior of the East Africa to the outside world.<\/li>\n<li>Expanded the spread of Islam to the interior.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Led to more Arab settlement at the Kenyan coast\/the coast was effectively controlled by the Arabs.<\/li>\n<li>He encouraged Indians merchants \/ panyans to Zanzibar. <strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6×2 =12mks<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ANS 4,5,6, 19 DIST 9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Identify one natural factor that facilitated the coming of the Arabs to the Kenyan coast\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (1mk)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>The monsoon winds<\/li>\n<li>Deep natural harbours along the Kenyan Coast Any 1×1 = 1mark<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>State one way in which the freed slaves promoted the spread of Christianity in Kenya.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (1mk)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>They were trained as catechists and helped to spread Christianity among fellow Africans<\/li>\n<li>They were involved in charity work e.g. helping the poor, the sick and orphans hence enabled the missionaries to win the hearts of the Africans<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Any 1×1 = 1mark<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) What factors influenced Seyyid Said\u2019s decision to transfer his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (3mks)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>Zanzibar supported him during the war with Mazrui in Mombasa<\/li>\n<li>It had a deep water harbour<\/li>\n<li>It had clean water<\/li>\n<li>Its position was convenient for trade with Mombasa<\/li>\n<li>It had fertile soils for cultivation of cloves<\/li>\n<li>He wanted to use Zanzibar to effectively control the East African Coast<\/li>\n<li>Zanzibar was easier to defend Any 3×1 = 3marks<\/li>\n<li>b) Describe the effects of long distance trade in Kenya during the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (12mks)<\/li>\n<li>It stimulated trade at local levels as goods were exchanged between communities living near the major trade routes<\/li>\n<li>Trade activities enhanced good relations between Kenyan communities<\/li>\n<li>There was cultural interaction and people copied other peoples culture e.g. Swahili and Arab culture<\/li>\n<li>Foreign goods spread to many parts of Kenya<\/li>\n<li>The Sultan of Zanzibar spread his influence in the interior of Kenya through trade<\/li>\n<li>Some traders became rich e.g. chief Kivoi and Ngonya of the Agiriama<\/li>\n<li>Introduction of money economy in Kenya<\/li>\n<li>New crops spread from the coast to other parts of the country<\/li>\n<li>Islam spread along the trade routes into many parts of the country<\/li>\n<li>Slave trading activities intensified leading to increased human suffering<\/li>\n<li>Trade centres developed into towns \u00a0 Any 6×2 = 12 marks<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>ANS 5,6, 18 DIST 10<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) Used as a watch tower .<\/li>\n<li>ii) Acted as a military base for sending expeditions<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii) Acted as a store for fire arms \/ armaments<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>vi) Used as a prison for captives<\/li>\n<li>v) As an administrative\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2×1= 2mks)<\/li>\n<li>i) Ukambani area is dry\/need for alternative means of acquiring food.<\/li>\n<li>ii) Their central position between the coast and the interior.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii) Availability of well established routes.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) The Akamba had participated in local trade earlier.<\/li>\n<li>v) The existence of prominent leaders e.g. chief Kivoi.<\/li>\n<li>vi) Their skill in hunting and sem- nomadic life provided items for trade.\u00a0 1 x 1 = 1mk)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>ANS 3,4 DIST 11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u2013 Were Christians<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Wanted to rule themselves.<\/p>\n<p>– Portuguese were harsh in their administration<\/p>\n<p>– Portuguese had interfered in the Indian Ocean trade\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Any 2×1=2mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\u2013 Monsoon winds<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Deep natural harbours<\/p>\n<p>– High seas which acted as highway.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2×1=2mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>\u2013 Female genital mutilation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Polygamy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(2×1=2mks<\/em><\/strong>17. a)<\/p>\n<p>– Availability of items of trade from East Africa e.g. gold, ivory and slaves.<\/p>\n<p>– High demand of trade items.<\/p>\n<p>– Enterprising merchants both at the Coast and outside East Africa.<\/p>\n<p>– Existence of local trade among the Africans.<\/p>\n<p>– Accessibility of the East African coast by sea\/good natural harbours at the coast.<\/p>\n<p>– East coast enjoyed peace and political stability.<\/p>\n<p>– Advancement of ship building industry in Europe boosted the trade.<\/p>\n<p>– Existence of Indian Banyans (money lenders) who gave credit facilities for trade. <strong><em>(Any 3×1=3mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>b) \u2013 Intermarriages between Muslim traders and other foreigners with local Bantu communities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Emergence of Kiswahili language.<\/p>\n<p>– Introduction of Islam, with new Islamic culture, way of dressing, architecture.<\/p>\n<p>– Introduction of Islamic Law (Sharia).<\/p>\n<p>– New crops were introduced along the Coast e.g. rice, wheat etc.<\/p>\n<p>– Development of towns as a result of profits from trade e.g. Mombasa.<\/p>\n<p>– Trade led to rise of a class of rich merchants.<\/p>\n<p>– Decline of local industries e.g. weaving.<\/p>\n<p>– Increase in demand for slaves and ivory.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Any 6×2=12mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>ANS 2,4,7, 17 DIST 12<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Give two reasons why Said Sayyed moved his capital to Zanzibar in 1840.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>i)\u00a0 To control his east Africa dominion more effectively<\/li>\n<li>ii)\u00a0 Zanzibar was centrally located.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii) Zanzibar had cool pleasant climate compared to Muskat which was not and dry.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) Zanzibar had sufficient rainfall \/fertile soil which could support clove growing.<\/li>\n<li>v) Zanzibar had fresh water<\/li>\n<li>vi) Zanzibar had good harbours which was deep water and could be used as an \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0international port for large vessels.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>vii) Zanzibar was strategic and Said Seyyid could use to control both local and \u00a0\u00a0 international trade.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Any 2×1 =2mks<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Give one historical monument left behind by the Portuguese?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>i) Fort Jesus in Mombasa<\/li>\n<li>ii) Vasco da Gama pillar in Malindi 1×1=1mk<\/li>\n<li>(a) <strong>Five reasons why the people of the east African coast were unable to resist the conquest of the Portuguese.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>i) Portuguese had superior weapons unlike the Africans<\/li>\n<li>ii) The Portuguese had well trained army compared to African able-bodies men.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii) Some African communities collaborated with the Portuguese thus being used \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0too fight their fellow members.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) Disunity among the costal towns, marking them not to unite against external<\/li>\n<li>v) Surprise attack used by the Portuguese in the Africans.<\/li>\n<li>vi) Weakness of the Turkish and Persian navy which could not support their \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Muslim brothers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>vii) Portuguese got reinforcement through Goa unlike the exhausted Africans \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Any 5points 1mk 5×1=5mks<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0(b) Five effects of Indian Ocean trade on the east African people<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>i) Africans were converted to Islam<\/li>\n<li>ii) Intermarriage occurred between the African and the Arabs<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)The intermarriage brought new society known as the Swahilis<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) The rise of Kiswahili language which become common language of<\/li>\n<li>v) Insecurity brought about by raids due to quest for slaves.<\/li>\n<li>vi) Repopulation as slave trade thrived in the area.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>vii)New crops were introduced such as cloves maize.<\/p>\n<p>viii)Introduced Islamic law like sheria.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>ix) Islamic courts kadhi were introduced.<\/li>\n<li>x) Islamic way of dressing and eating was adopted by the coastal people.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>xi)Towns emerged on the coast as well as the interior.<\/p>\n<p>xii)Destruction of wildlife as demand for ivory intensified.Any 5 point 2mks (2×5=10mks)<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 4,5,17 DIST 13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>3.Identify any Portuguese who led in the expeditions of conquest in East Africa.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (1mk)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Vasco Da Gama<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Ruy Laurenco Ravasco<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Fransico D. Almeida<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Tristao da Cunha<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>1 x 1 = 1 mark<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>4.Name<strong><u> two<\/u><\/strong> missionaries who worked in Kenya by the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2mks)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Johann Krapf<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Johann Rebmann<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Jacob Erhardt<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>2 x 1 = 2 marks<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>19.(a)\u00a0 Give <u>five <\/u>problems faced by the Omani rulers in East Africa.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (5mks)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>The Omani rulers were harsh and ruthless and were thus hated by the coastal people.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>There was constant rebellion from the coastal towns.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Civil wars back in their country<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Threats of Persian invasion to their countries.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Were attacked by sea pirates along the Indian Ocean.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>5 x 1 = 5mks<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(b) Explain <u>five <\/u>effects of long distance trade in Kenya during the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (10mks)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Development of towns e.g. Mombasa, Lamu, Kilwa, Pembe.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Intensification of both local and regional trade as new goods were introduced.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Emergence of a class of wealthy African e.g. Kivoi of Ukambani, Ngonyo of Mjikenda, Msiri of nyungu ya mawe. <\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Introduction of foreign goods e.g. beads, cloth and plates.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>New crops were introduced e.g. bananas, rice, sugarcane and mangoes.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Introduction of Islam and Islamic culture by the Arabs and Waswahili traders.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Led to the development of plantation agriculture in Malindi and Mombasa.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>There was development of trade-routes and market centres in the region.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Development of a money economy that replaced barter trade.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>It led to colonization of East Africa since it gave reports about the coast its strategic and commercial ability.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>5 x 2 = 10mks<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 3,4,19 DIST 14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>4.State two sources of rivalry between coastal city states. (2mks)<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trade\n<ul>\n<li>Taxation<\/li>\n<li>Enlarging their city states at the expenses of others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>17.(a) Account for the defeat of the coastal city states by the Portuguese. (5 mks)<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Superior weapons\/Naval and military technology.<\/li>\n<li>Well trained soldiers.<\/li>\n<li>Disunity and political rivalry of the coastal towns e.g. Mombasa against Malindi.<\/li>\n<li>Reinforcement the headquarters at Goa.<\/li>\n<li>Used to suppress attacks\/attacked without warning.<\/li>\n<li>They were brutal, cruel and ruthless.<\/li>\n<li>They burnt and rooted.<\/li>\n<li>Coastal city states were not assisted by the Persians who had weak armies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>5 x 1 = 5mks<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Discuss five positive consequences of the long distance trade on the Kenyan communities. (10 mks)<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>growth of the towns \u2013 Mombassa, pemba, Zanzibar<\/li>\n<li>Increased volume of local and regional trade in the EA interior.<\/li>\n<li>introduction of new crops e.g. rice, banana, sugarcane, mangoes<\/li>\n<li>Emergence of a class of wealthy merchants at the coastal and interior e.g. Kivoi of ukambani.<\/li>\n<li>Spread of Islam in the interior by Arab traders<\/li>\n<li>Emergence of Kiswahili.<\/li>\n<li>Development of money economy replacing barter trade.<\/li>\n<li>Opening up of the interior through trade links.<\/li>\n<li>Emergence of strong kingdoms e.g. the wanga.<\/li>\n<li>Development of plantation agriculture<\/li>\n<li>Enhanced good relations between communities.<\/li>\n<li>Promoted cultural interruption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2 x 5 = 10mks<\/p>\n<p>ANS 4,17 DIST 15<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Geography 1×1 = 1mk<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>French<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>British<\/p>\n<p>Dutch.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2×1 = 2mks<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>Mombasa \u2013 Mijikenda \u2013 Taita taveta \u2013 Kilimanjaro.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Mombasa \u2013 Mijikenda \u2013 Taita Taveta \u2013 Mt. Kenya.<\/p>\n<p>Kilwa \u2013 yao \u2013 cewa.<\/p>\n<p>Bagamoyo \u2013 Tabora \u2013 Ujiji \u2013 Zaire\u00a0\u00a0 1×1 = 1mk<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"19\">\n<li>(a) Factors that led to increased slave trade along the east Africa coast during the 17<sup>th<\/sup> century.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Demand for slave labour on plantation form in malindi and mombasa and in clove plantation in Zanzibar and pemba.<\/li>\n<li>Demand for slave labour in French sugar plantations on the island of reunion and Mauritius<\/li>\n<li>Demand for slave porters in the ivory trade which the s.a Britain and India participated in these transport agricultural goods in malindi<\/li>\n<li>Demand for slaves to work as domestic servants and soldiers in Arabia.<\/li>\n<li>Demand for slaves to work in Portuguese plantations in brazil. They had failed to get from Angola so they turned to get turned to the east African coast. 1×3 = 3mks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(b) Effects slaves trade in Africa.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Africans were subjected to untold suffering and misery during slave raids e.g loss of property, life, displacements. E.t.c<\/li>\n<li>Led to depopulation hence agriculture was undermined leading to famine and starvation.<\/li>\n<li>Warefare increased due to slave raids. This was enhanced by the use of guns.<\/li>\n<li>It led to fear and suspicious among the people as they had lost confidence in their leaders.<\/li>\n<li>It undermined traditional industries as those with such skills were taken as slaves in addition, ready made items introduced to the coast were now favoured by the locals.<\/li>\n<li>The use of slaves as porters promoted the trade in ivory and copper.<\/li>\n<li>The Africans later regained their moral status and dignity as human beings after the abolition of the trade.<\/li>\n<li>Establishment of freed slave centres at Freetown and Bagamoyo. 6×2 = 12mks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 3,4,5,19 DIST 16<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>– Coins<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Fort-Jesus\/vasco dagama pillars<\/p>\n<p>– Names of towns<\/p>\n<p>– Crops<\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>– Shallow curriculum (Three R\u2019s)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– It only prepared African to become European servants (technical)<\/p>\n<p>– Missionary schools were few and poorly equipped\/staffed.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>(2 x 1=2mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"19\">\n<li>a) – Zanzibar was loyal to him<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Good soils for agriculture<\/p>\n<p>– To control Indian ocean trade<\/p>\n<p>– To control East Africa from near<\/p>\n<p>– Zanzibar had natural harbors<\/p>\n<p>– Pleasant climate and fresh waters\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (3 x 1=3mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>b) – It was financed by Arabs<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>– Traders moved in caravan<\/p>\n<p>– East Africa exported ivory, skin &amp; slaves<\/p>\n<p>– East Africa imported guns, daggers, etc<\/p>\n<p>– Arabs and Swahili acted as middlemen<\/p>\n<p>– Exchange was conducted through barter<\/p>\n<p>– Arabs and Swahili traveled to collect goods from the interior<\/p>\n<p>– Sultan by Zanzibar offered security to traders<\/p>\n<p>– Coastal towns acted as markets<\/p>\n<p>– Indian Banyans offered loans to traders later<\/p>\n<p>– Traders came and left as dictated by monsoon winds.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>(Any 6 x 2 =12mks)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 3,10,19 DIST 17<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>i) Associated with harsh and cruel nature of the British administrators<\/li>\n<li>ii) Islam dominated the coast<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 African resistance \/ rebellion<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iv) Christianity was not accommodative as compared to Islam eg Africa\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (1×2 =2mk)<\/li>\n<li>i) There were civil wars in Oman that weakened the government making it unable to rule<\/li>\n<li>ii) There were threats of Persian invasion which force them to mobilize their forces to defend themselves<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Constant rebellion from coastal town against Omani governors posed a serious challenge to Oman rule.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2×1=2mks)<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 3,6 DIST 18<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Give two cultural aspects that the coastal people of Kenya borrowed from the foreigners during the\u00a0 16<sup>th<\/sup> century<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Religion<\/li>\n<li>Dressing styles.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Language<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Eating habit<\/li>\n<li>Building styles \u2013 Architecture<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>(1pt x 1 = 1mrk)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>What was the main social effects of plantation agriculture on the people of the Kenya coast <\/strong>Increased slave trade.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>(1pt x 1 = 1mrk)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>List two effects foreign goods that were introduced in the interior of Kenya during the long distance trade. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Clothes<\/li>\n<li>Ornaments<\/li>\n<li>Metal bars<\/li>\n<li>Glass ware<\/li>\n<li>Perfumes<\/li>\n<li>Daggers<\/li>\n<li>Spices<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Any 2 x 1 = 2mrks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>a) Give five reasons for the successful Portuguese conquest of the coast. \u00a0\u00a0 (5mrks)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The Portuguese used superior weapons like handguns, carracks, etc.<\/li>\n<li>The Portuguese soldiers were well trained on military techniques.<\/li>\n<li>Lack of unity among the coastal towns.<\/li>\n<li>The Portuguese received reinforcement from their headquarters in Goa.<\/li>\n<li>They launched surprise attacks without warning.<\/li>\n<li>They knew the geography of E. African coast from Vasco Da Gamas information.<\/li>\n<li>Portuguese were united.<\/li>\n<li>Some local communities supported the Portuguese e.g Zanzibar, Malindi and Pemba.<\/li>\n<li>Some towns failed to offer resistance for fear of being defeated\/ the ruthlessness of the Portuguese attacks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(5pts x 1 = 5mrks)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> b) \u00a0 Explain five effects of the Portuguese rule on the Kenyan coast \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (10mrks)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It led to the decline of the Indian ocean trade.<\/li>\n<li>It to decline of towns.<\/li>\n<li>Led to loss of lives and destruction of crops.<\/li>\n<li>The heavy taxes imposed on coastal people hindered development of trade and agriculture.<\/li>\n<li>They built fort Jesus which became a historical monument.<\/li>\n<li>They brought new crops to the coast e. g maize, ground nuts, pawpaws and introduced farm yard<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>manure.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The Portuguese language added new vocabulary to Kiswahili.<\/li>\n<li>The introduction of guns and other advanced weapons contributed to insecurity to the locals.<\/li>\n<li>Introduced Christianity to the locals.<\/li>\n<li>The conquest encouraged the British to colonize Kenya during the 19trh century<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(5pts x 1 = 5marks)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANS 4,5,6,18 DIST 19<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><u>Give two natural phenomenon that enabled early visitors to come to the Kenyan Coast (2mks)<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>– Monsoon winds<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0 Natural harbours<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0 favourable climate<\/p>\n<p>–\u00a0 Indian ocean(water transport)<\/p>\n<p><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><u>State two problems faced by Oman rulers in East Africa (2mks)<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>– Competition\/struggle for power between different Oman families<\/p>\n<p>– Rebellion from some coast city states e.g. Mombasa<\/p>\n<p>– Abolishion\u00a0 of slave trade<\/p>\n<p>– Advent of colonial rule<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <u>Name three treaties signed between the sultans of Zanzibar and the <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <u>British to stop slave trade<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> (3mks)<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Moresby Treaty of 1822<\/u><\/li>\n<li>Hammerton Treaty of 1845<\/li>\n<li>Frere Treaty of 1873<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Describe how Seyyid Said contributed towards the development of <\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>International Trade along the Kenyan coast in the 19<sup>th<\/sup> Century<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0(12 marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Boosted trade by trade by inviting Indian Banyans (Money<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>lenders) to finance trade.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>He signed commercial treaties with\n<ol>\n<li>S.A. \u2013 1833<\/li>\n<li>Britain \u2013 1839<\/li>\n<li>France \u2013 1844<\/li>\n<li>Germany \u2013 1871<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Gave letters of introduction to Arab and Swahili caravans moving<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>into their interior.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Gave Arab and Swahili traders his flag to ensure their protection.<\/li>\n<li>He simplified taxes imposed on trade by levying a unified custom duty of 5%<\/li>\n<li>Improved the monetary system by introducing the copper coins form India<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensured that peace was promoted at the coast since he was the Sultan<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ANS 4, 5,19 DIST 20.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UPTO THE 19th CENTURY Mention two economic benefits of the Oman rule along the Kenyan coast during the\u00a0\u00a0 19th century.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(2 marks)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Oman established long distance trade in East Africa that added value to the East African resources like Rhino horns, ivory, leading to economic growth [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18389,"featured_media":73820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1583],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teachers-resources"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18389"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28438\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsblaze.co.ke\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}