<p><strong>FORM 2 AGRICULTURE MARKING SCHEME </strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>State four reasons why agriculture is an art 2MKS</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>-Involves;</p>
<ul>
<li>machine operations</li>
<li>Measuring distances</li>
<li>Harvesting of crops</li>
<li>Tilling of land</li>
<li>Feeding and handling of animals</li>
<li>Marketing of agricultural produce</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>Define the following terms; </strong></li>
<li><strong>Arablefarming- </strong>production of crops on a cultivated land</li>
<li><strong>Organic farming-</strong>growing of crops and rearing of animals without using agricultural chemicals.</li>
<li><strong>State two ways in which agriculture contributes to the industrial development</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Provides raw materials for industries</li>
<li>Provides market for industrial goods</li>
<li>Source of capital to start industries</li>
</ul>
<ol start="4">
<li><strong>State four conditions under which shifting cultivation is practiced </strong></li>
</ol>
<p>Practiced Where;</p>
<ul>
<li>land is abundant</li>
<li>population is sparse</li>
<li>land is communally owned</li>
<li>number of livestock per unit area is low</li>
</ul>
<ol start="5">
<li><strong>State four factors that influence spacing of crops </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Type of machinery to be used.</li>
<li>Soil fertility.</li>
<li>Size of the plant.</li>
<li>Moisture availability<strong>. </strong></li>
<li>Use of the crop.</li>
<li>Pest and disease control.</li>
<li>Growth habit of the crop.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="6">
<li><strong>State the functional difference between a cross-cut saw and a rip saw </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Cross cut saw cuts the wood across the grain while rip saw cuts the wood along the grain.</li>
</ul>
<ol start="7">
<li><strong>Name the part used for vegetative propagation of each of the following plants </strong></li>
<li><strong>Cassava</strong>&#8211; stem cuttings</li>
<li><strong>Sisal</strong> -bulbils</li>
<li><strong>Pyrethrum- </strong>splits</li>
<li><strong>Pineapples-</strong>crown,slips, suckers</li>
<li><strong>State four aspects of rainfall that influence agricultural production </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Rainfall distribution</li>
<li>Amount of rainfall</li>
<li>Rainfall reliability</li>
<li>Rainfall intensity</li>
</ul>
<ol start="9">
<li><strong>State four reasons why soil is important to crops </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Supports plant life/ anchorage</li>
<li>Provides nutrients and water</li>
<li>Contains useful microorganisms</li>
<li>Contains organic matter, food for microorganisms</li>
</ul>
<ol start="10">
<li><strong>Outline four harmful effects of strong wind in agricultural production </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Results in soil erosion / loss of plant nutrients</li>
<li>Spreads diseases/ weed seeds</li>
<li>Causes lodging in cereals</li>
<li>High evaporation rate causes wilting</li>
</ul>
<ol start="11">
<li><strong>State four characteristics that make a crop suitable for green manure </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Leafy/highly vegetative</li>
<li>Has fast growth rate</li>
<li>Have high nitrogen content</li>
<li>Capable of rotting quickly</li>
<li>Be hardy</li>
</ul>
<ol start="12">
<li><strong>Give four methods of breaking seed dormancy </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Mechanical method</li>
<li>Chemical method</li>
<li>Soaking in water</li>
<li>Heat treatment(partial<strong>)</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="13">
<li><strong>Define the following terms as used in crop production </strong></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>A seed bed</strong>&#8211; Piece of land which has been prepared to receive planting materials.</p>
<p><strong>Nursery bed- </strong>Special seedbed prepared for raising seedlings before transplanting. Should not be more than 1M wide</p>
<ol start="14">
<li><strong>State four causes of livestock diseases </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Physical causes</li>
<li>Chemical causes</li>
<li>Living organisms</li>
<li>Nutritional causes</li>
</ul>
<ol start="15">
<li><strong>Give four constituents of soil </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Soil air</li>
<li>Soil water</li>
<li>Living organisms</li>
<li>Mineral matter</li>
<li>Organic matter</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<ol start="16">
<li>
<ol>
<li>Calf- young one of a cattle</li>
<li>Bull- mature male cattle</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>piglet – young pig from birth to weaning</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>Cock – mature male bird</li>
<li>Gilt – young female pig from weaning to first parturition</li>
<li>Boar – mature male pig</li>
</ol>
<p><strong><u>SECTIONB (20 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<ol start="17">
<li><strong>The diagram below shows an external parasite. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow</strong></li>
<li><strong>Identify the parasite </strong>tick<strong> 1 mark</strong></li>
<li><strong>State three harmful effects of the parasite to livestock 3marks </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Ticks are vectors of livestock diseases e.g. ECF, redwater anaplasmosis and heartwater.</li>
<li>Suck blood from the host leading to anaemia.</li>
<li>Their bites causes wounds that acts as route for secondary infections.</li>
<li>Cause irritation to the animals through their bites.</li>
<li>Their bites lowers the value of hides and skin.</li>
<li>Some produce toxins that may have adverse effects on the host.</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>Handpicking and killing them</li>
</ol>
<p>Starving ticks to death</p>
<p>Fencing of pasture lands</p>
<p>Burning infested pastures</p>
<ol start="18">
<li><strong>The diagram below shows a field management practice in tomatoes. Study it and answer the questions that follow</strong></li>
<li><strong>Identify the practice &#8211;</strong> staking<strong>1mark</strong></li>
<li><strong>State three reasons for carrying out the practice above </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Enhances production of clean fruits.</li>
<li>Facilitates spraying and harvesting.</li>
<li>Controls incidences of disease outbreaks such as blight.</li>
<li>Prevent infestation by soil borne pests.</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><strong>Name onedisease that attack cabbages in the field. </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Damping off.</li>
<li>Black rot</li>
<li>Downy mildew</li>
</ul>
<ol start="19">
<li><strong>Below is a table showing pH values of different soil samples. Study it and answer the<br />
a) Which soil sample has the highest acidity</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>S<sub>1</sub></p>
<p><strong>b State two ways in which the pH of soil sample S<sub>8 </sub>can be lowered </strong></p>
<ul>
<li>application of acidic fertilisers</li>
<li>application of sulphur</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><strong>Name two methods of soil sampling 2marks</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Zigzag</li>
<li>traverse</li>
</ul>
<ol start="20">
<li><strong>Below is a format of a farm record;</strong></li>
</ol>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="106"><strong>Date </strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong>Disease symptom</strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong>Livestock affected</strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong>Drug used</strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong>Cost of treatment </strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong>Remarks </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="106"><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="106"><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ol>
<li><strong>Name the farm record illustrated above </strong></li>
</ol>
<p>Health record</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Give two uses of a farm record shown above </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Shows the health status</li>
<li>Determine the cost of treatment</li>
<li>Used in selection and culling</li>
<li>Showprevalent disease</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><strong>Apart from the above record, give other two records kept by the farmer </strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Breeding records</li>
<li>Labor records</li>
<li>Production records</li>
<li>Inventory records</li>
<li>Feeding</li>
<li>Field operation</li>
</ul>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u> </u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u>SECTION C ( 40 MARKS)</u></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>Answer any two questions in this section</em></strong></p>
<ol start="21">
<li><strong>a) Describe transplanting of a vegetable seedling 8mks</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Seedlings are ready for transplanting at 4 weeks old or when they have 4-6 true leaves.</li>
<li>The nursery is watered 3-4 hours before lifting the seedlings.</li>
<li>To ensure seedlings are lifted with a ball of earth/soil around the roots to minimise root damage.</li>
<li>Select healthy and vigorously growing seedlings</li>
<li>Lift them using a garden trowel.</li>
<li>Transplant when the weather is cool.</li>
<li>Seedlings should be transplanted at the same depth they were in the nursery bed to avoid rotting of the soft parts of the seedlings.</li>
<li>Apply light mulch and shade if necessary.</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><strong>b) Explain seven nursery management practices 7 marks</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li>Weed control.</li>
<li>Pricking out.</li>
<li></li>
<li>Pest and disease control.</li>
<li>Hardening off.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:<em>They should be well explained</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>C State five importance of crop rotation 5 marks</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Controls soil erosion.</li>
<li>Improves soil structure</li>
<li>Improves soil fertility</li>
<li>Control of weeds.</li>
<li>Control of soil borne pest and diseases build up.</li>
<li>Maximum utilization of nutrients</li>
</ul>
<ol start="22">
<li><strong>a) State five reasons for keeping livestock healthy 5 marks</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Healthy animals grow well and fast enough to reach maturity quickly.</li>
<li>Good health gives animals a longer productive life.</li>
<li>Healthy animals give maximum production or performance, i.e. they maintain high productivity.</li>
<li>Healthy animals produce good quality products that command a high market value.</li>
<li>Healthy animals will not spread diseases to either animals or human beings.</li>
<li>Healthy animals are economical to keep as the farmer spends less money on disease treatment hence reduction of production cost</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>b State five importance of water in animal’s diet</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Component of body cells and many body fluids such as blood.</li>
<li>Responsible for transportation of nutrients from one part of the body to another. Makes cells turgid maintaining the shape of body cells.</li>
<li>Used in biochemical reactions in the body e.g. digestion of food.</li>
<li>Helps to regulate body temperatures through sweating and evaporation.</li>
<li>Helps in excretion of waste products from the body.</li>
<li>Forms part of animal’s product e.g. milk 83% water and an egg 55% water</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><strong>c) Explain five predisposing factors to livestock diseases 10 marks</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>Species of the animal. </strong>g. swine fever attacks only pigs and Newcastle affect only poultry.</li>
<li><strong>Breed of the animal. </strong>g. cancer of the eye will affect only Hereford breed of cattle and solar erythema affects only large white breed of pigs.</li>
<li><strong>Age of the animal. </strong>Certain disease are associated with animals of a certain age</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Sex of the animal. </strong>Certain diseases are associated with the sex of the animal.</li>
</ul>
<p> ;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Colour of the animal. </strong>Animals which are black may suffer from heat stress</li>
</ul>
<ol start="23">
<li><strong> a) Explain five ways through which soil loses fertility 10 marks</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Soil erosion</li>
<li>Leaching</li>
<li>burning of vegetation cover</li>
<li>monocropping</li>
<li>continuous cropping</li>
<li>change in soil pH</li>
<li>accumulation of salts</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:<em>They should be well explained</em></strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong> b) Describe water treatment using the chemical treatment system 10 marks</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>stage 1. Filtration at water intake</p>
<p>stage 2. Softening of water</p>
<p>stage 3. Coagulation and sedimentation</p>
<p>stage 4. Filtration</p>
<p>stage 5. Chlorination</p>
<p>stage 6. Storage</p>
<p><strong><em>Note: The stages must be well explained </em></strong></p>

